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Vadankula GR, Nilkanth VV, Rizvi A, Yandrapally S, Agarwal A, Chirra H, Biswas R, Arifuddin M, Nema V, Mallika A, Mande SC, Banerjee S. Confronting Tuberculosis: A Synthetic Quinoline-Isonicotinic Acid Hydrazide Hybrid Compound as a Potent Lead Molecule Against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. ACS Infect Dis 2024; 10:2288-2302. [PMID: 38717380 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.4c00277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
The current tuberculosis (TB) treatment is challenged by a complex first-line treatment for drug-sensitive (DS) TB. Additionally, the prevalence of multidrug (MDR)- and extensively drug (XDR)-resistant TB necessitates the search for new drug prototypes. We synthesized and screened 30 hybrid compounds containing aminopyridine and 2-chloro-3-formyl quinoline to arrive at a compound with potent antimycobacterial activity, UH-NIP-16. Subsequently, antimycobacterial activity against DS and MDR Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) strains were performed. It demonstrated an MIC50 value of 1.86 ± 0.21 μM for laboratory pathogenic M.tb strain H37Rv and 3.045 ± 0.813 μM for a clinical M.tb strain CDC1551. UH-NIP-16 also decreased the MIC50 values of streptomycin, isoniazid, ethambutol, and bedaquiline to about 45, 55, 68, and 76%, respectively, when used in combination, potentiating their activities. The molecule was active against a clinical MDR M.tb strain. Cytotoxicity on PBMCs from healthy donors and on human cell lines was found to be negligible. Further, blind docking of UH-NIP-16 using Auto Dock Vina and MGL tools onto diverse M.tb proteins showed high binding affinities with multiple M.tb proteins, the top five targets being metabolically critical proteins CelA1, DevS, MmaA4, lysine acetyltransferase, and immunity factor for tuberculosis necrotizing toxin. These bindings were confirmed by fluorescence spectroscopy using a representative protein, MmaA4. Envisaging that a pathogen will have a lower probability of developing resistance to a hybrid molecule with multiple targets, we propose that UH-NIP-16 can be further developed as a lead molecule with the bacteriostatic potential against M.tb, both alone and in combination with first-line drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Govinda Raju Vadankula
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathogenesis, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad (UoH), Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Vipul V Nilkanth
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathogenesis, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad (UoH), Hyderabad 500046, India
- Bioinformatics Centre, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411007, India
| | - Arshad Rizvi
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathogenesis, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad (UoH), Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Sriram Yandrapally
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathogenesis, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad (UoH), Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Anushka Agarwal
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathogenesis, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad (UoH), Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Hepshibha Chirra
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500037, India
| | - Rashmita Biswas
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500037, India
| | - Mohammed Arifuddin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500037, India
| | - Vijay Nema
- Molecular Biology Division, ICMR-National Institute for Translational Virology and AIDS Research, Pune 411026, India
| | - Alvala Mallika
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500037, India
| | - Shekhar C Mande
- National Centre for Cell Science, Pune 411007, India
- Bioinformatics Centre, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411007, India
| | - Sharmistha Banerjee
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathogenesis, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad (UoH), Hyderabad 500046, India
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2
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R PA, Anbarasu A. Antimicrobial Peptides as Immunomodulators and Antimycobacterial Agents to Combat Mycobacterium tuberculosis: a Critical Review. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2023; 15:1539-1566. [PMID: 36576687 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-022-10018-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a devastating disease foisting a significantly high morbidity, prepotent in low- and middle-income developing countries. Evolution of drug resistance among Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the causative agent of tuberculosis, has made the TB treatment more complicated. The protracted nature of present TB treatment, persistent and tolerant Mtb populations, interaction with antiretroviral therapy and existing toxicity concerned with conventional anti-TB drugs are the four major challenges inflicted with emergence of drug-resistant mycobacterial strains, and the standard medications are unable to combat these strains. These factors emphasize an exigency to develop new drugs to overcome these barriers in current TB therapy. With this regard, antimycobacterial peptides derived from various sources such as human cells, bacterial sources, mycobacteriophages, fungal, plant and animal sources could be considered as antituberculosis leads as most of these peptides are associated with dual advantages of having both bactericidal activity towards Mtb as well as immuno-regulatory property. Some of the peptides possess the additional advantage of interacting synergistically with antituberculosis medications too, thereby increasing their efficiency, underscoring the vigour of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) as best possible alternative therapeutic candidates or adjuvants in TB treatment. Albeit the beneficiary features of these peptides, few obstacles allied with them like cytotoxicity and proteolytic degradation are matter of concerns too. In this review, we have focused on structural hallmarks, targeting mechanisms and specific structural aspects contributing to antimycobacterial activity and discovered natural and synthetic antimycobacterial peptides along with their sources, anti-TB, immuno-regulatory properties, merits and demerits and possible delivery methods of AMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preethi A R
- Medical & Biological Computing Laboratory, School of Bio-Sciences & Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore-632014, India
- Department of Biotechnology, SBST, VIT, Vellore-632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Anand Anbarasu
- Medical & Biological Computing Laboratory, School of Bio-Sciences & Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore-632014, India.
- Department of Biotechnology, SBST, VIT, Vellore-632014, Tamil Nadu, India.
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3
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Krishnan A, Khan FI, Sukumar S, Khan MKA. Identification of potential molecular targets and repurposed drugs for tuberculosis using network-based screening approach, molecular docking, and simulation. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023:1-19. [PMID: 37948198 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2279699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
The spread of drug-resistant strains of tuberculosis has hampered efforts to control the disease worldwide. The Mycobacterium tuberculosis cell wall envelope is dynamic, with complex features that protect it from the host immunological response. As a result, the bacterial cell wall components represent a potential target for drug discovery. Protein-protein interaction networks (PPIN) are critical for understanding disease conditions and identifying precise therapeutic targets. We used a rational theoretical approach by constructing a PPIN with the proteins involved in cell wall biosynthesis. The PPIN was constructed through the STRING database and embB was identified as a key protein by using four topological measures, betweenness, closeness, degree, and eigenvector, in the CytoNCA tool in Cytoscape. The 'Drug repurposing' approach was employed to find suitable inhibitors against embB. We used the Schrödinger suites for molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulation, and binding free energy calculations to validate the binding of protein with the ligand. FDA-approved drugs from the ZINC database and DrugBank were screened against embB (PDB ID: 7BVF) using high-throughput virtual screening, standard precision, and extra precision docking. The drugs were screened based on the XP docking score of the standard drug ethambutol. Accordingly, from the top five hits, azilsartan and dihydroergotamine were selected based on the binding free energy values and were further subjected to Molecular Dynamics Simulation studies for 100 ns. Our study confirms that Azilsartan and Dihydroergotamine form stable complexes with embB and can be used as potential lead molecules based on further in vitro and in vivo experimental validation.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arunika Krishnan
- School of Life Sciences, B.S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India
| | - Faez Iqbal Khan
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Sudarkodi Sukumar
- Lakshmikumaran and Sridharan Attorneys, Wallace Garden, Nungambakkam, Chennai, India
| | - Md Khurshid Alam Khan
- School of Life Sciences, B.S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India
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4
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Phat NK, Tien NTN, Anh NK, Yen NTH, Lee YA, Trinh HKT, Le KM, Ahn S, Cho YS, Park S, Kim DH, Long NP, Shin JG. Alterations of lipid-related genes during anti-tuberculosis treatment: insights into host immune responses and potential transcriptional biomarkers. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1210372. [PMID: 38022579 PMCID: PMC10644770 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1210372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The optimal diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis (TB) are challenging due to underdiagnosis and inadequate treatment monitoring. Lipid-related genes are crucial components of the host immune response in TB. However, their dynamic expression and potential usefulness for monitoring response to anti-TB treatment are unclear. Methodology In the present study, we used a targeted, knowledge-based approach to investigate the expression of lipid-related genes during anti-TB treatment and their potential use as biomarkers of treatment response. Results and discussion The expression levels of 10 genes (ARPC5, ACSL4, PLD4, LIPA, CHMP2B, RAB5A, GABARAPL2, PLA2G4A, MBOAT2, and MBOAT1) were significantly altered during standard anti-TB treatment. We evaluated the potential usefulness of this 10-lipid-gene signature for TB diagnosis and treatment monitoring in various clinical scenarios across multiple populations. We also compared this signature with other transcriptomic signatures. The 10-lipid-gene signature could distinguish patients with TB from those with latent tuberculosis infection and non-TB controls (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve > 0.7 for most cases); it could also be useful for monitoring response to anti-TB treatment. Although the performance of the new signature was not better than that of previous signatures (i.e., RISK6, Sambarey10, Long10), our results suggest the usefulness of metabolism-centric biomarkers. Conclusions Lipid-related genes play significant roles in TB pathophysiology and host immune responses. Furthermore, transcriptomic signatures related to the immune response and lipid-related gene may be useful for TB diagnosis and treatment monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Ky Phat
- Department of Pharmacology and PharmacoGenomics Research Center, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
- Center for Personalized Precision Medicine of Tuberculosis, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Nguyen Tran Nam Tien
- Department of Pharmacology and PharmacoGenomics Research Center, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
- Center for Personalized Precision Medicine of Tuberculosis, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Nguyen Ky Anh
- Department of Pharmacology and PharmacoGenomics Research Center, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
- Center for Personalized Precision Medicine of Tuberculosis, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Nguyen Thi Hai Yen
- Department of Pharmacology and PharmacoGenomics Research Center, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
- Center for Personalized Precision Medicine of Tuberculosis, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Ah Lee
- School of Mathematics, Statistics and Data Science, Sungshin Women's University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoang Kim Tu Trinh
- Center for Molecular Biomedicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam
| | - Kieu-Minh Le
- Center for Molecular Biomedicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam
| | - Sangzin Ahn
- Department of Pharmacology and PharmacoGenomics Research Center, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
- Center for Personalized Precision Medicine of Tuberculosis, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Soon Cho
- Department of Pharmacology and PharmacoGenomics Research Center, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
- Center for Personalized Precision Medicine of Tuberculosis, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongoh Park
- School of Mathematics, Statistics and Data Science, Sungshin Women's University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Data Science Center, Sungshin Women's University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hyun Kim
- Department of Pharmacology and PharmacoGenomics Research Center, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Nguyen Phuoc Long
- Department of Pharmacology and PharmacoGenomics Research Center, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
- Center for Personalized Precision Medicine of Tuberculosis, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Gook Shin
- Department of Pharmacology and PharmacoGenomics Research Center, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
- Center for Personalized Precision Medicine of Tuberculosis, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
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5
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Sachan RK, Mistry V, Dholaria M, Rana A, Devgon I, Ali I, Iqbal J, Eldin SM, Mohammad Said Al-Tawaha AR, Bawazeer S, Dutta J, Karnwal A. Overcoming Mycobacterium tuberculosis Drug Resistance: Novel Medications and Repositioning Strategies. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:32244-32257. [PMID: 37720746 PMCID: PMC10500578 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c02563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the bacterium responsible for tuberculosis, is a global health concern, affecting millions worldwide. This bacterium has earned a reputation as a formidable adversary due to its multidrug-resistant nature, allowing it to withstand many antibiotics. The development of this drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis is attributed to innate and acquired mechanisms. In the past, rifampin was considered a potent medication for treating tuberculosis infections. However, the rapid development of resistance to this drug by the bacterium underscores the pressing need for new therapeutic agents. Fortunately, several other medications previously overlooked for tuberculosis treatment are already available in the market. Moreover, several innovative drugs are under clinical investigation, offering hope for more effective treatments. To enhance the effectiveness of these drugs, it is recommended that researchers concentrate on identifying unique target sites within the bacterium during the drug development process. This strategy could potentially circumvent the issues presented by Mycobacterium drug resistance. This review primarily focuses on the characteristics of novel drug resistance mechanisms in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It also discusses potential medications being repositioned or sourced from novel origins. The ultimate objective of this review is to discover efficacious treatments for tuberculosis that can successfully tackle the hurdles posed by Mycobacterium drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vyoma Mistry
- C.
G. Bhakta Institute of Biotechnology, Uka
Tarsadia University, Bardoli 394350, Surat, India
| | - Mayuri Dholaria
- Naran
Lala College of Professional and Applied Sciences, Navsari 396450, Gujarat, India
| | - Abhishek Rana
- Jindal
Global Law School, OP Jindal Global University, Sonepat 131001, Haryana, India
| | - Inderpal Devgon
- Lovely
Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Iftikhar Ali
- Center
for Plant Science and Biodiversity, University
of Swat, Charbagh 19120, Pakistan
- Department
of Genetics and Development, Columbia University
Irving Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, United States
| | - Javed Iqbal
- Department
of Botany, Bacha Khan University, Charsadda, 24420 Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Sayed M. Eldin
- Center
of Research, Faculty of Engineering, Future
University in Egypt, New Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | | | - Sami Bawazeer
- Faculty
of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 4041-4152, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Joydeep Dutta
- Lovely
Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Arun Karnwal
- Lovely
Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India
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6
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Morad R, Akbari M, Maaza M. Theoretical study of chemical reactivity descriptors of some repurposed drugs for COVID-19. MRS ADVANCES 2023; 8:1-5. [PMID: 37362909 PMCID: PMC10231853 DOI: 10.1557/s43580-023-00590-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
This study focuses on computational studies of chemical reactivity descriptors of some proposed drugs for COVID-19. Density functional theory calculations were used to optimize the structure and investigate the frontier orbitals and the chemical reactivity descriptors of these drugs. The frontier orbitals, which include both the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO), play an essential role in molecular interactions and chemical reactivity of molecule. Polarizability, which determines the response of the susceptibility of a molecule to an approaching charge, is higher in the more complex drugs such as Hydroxychloroquine, Remdesivir, and Ivermectin compare to the smaller drugs. The HOMO and LUMO orbital energies were calculated to obtain the energy gap of the studied drugs, which is in the following order: Favipiravir < Hydroxychloroquine, Remdesivir < Ivermectin < Artesunate < Artemether < Artemisinin. Generally, molecules with a larger energy gap have lower chemical reactivity and higher kinetic stability. Graphical abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Razieh Morad
- UNESCO-UNISA-iTLABS Africa Chair in Nanoscience & Nanotechnology (U2ACN2), College of Graduate Studies, University of South Africa (UNISA), Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Mahmood Akbari
- Material Research Division, Nanoscience African Network (NANOAFNET), iThemba LABS-National Research Foundation, Somerset West, 7129 South Africa
| | - Malik Maaza
- UNESCO-UNISA-iTLABS Africa Chair in Nanoscience & Nanotechnology (U2ACN2), College of Graduate Studies, University of South Africa (UNISA), Pretoria, South Africa
- Material Research Division, Nanoscience African Network (NANOAFNET), iThemba LABS-National Research Foundation, Somerset West, 7129 South Africa
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7
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Jindal AB, Bhide AR, Salave S, Rana D, Benival D. Long-acting Parenteral Drug Delivery Systems for the Treatment of Chronic Diseases. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 198:114862. [PMID: 37160247 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.114862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The management of chronic conditions often requires patients to take daily medication for an extended duration. However, the need for daily dosing can lead to nonadherence to the therapy, which can result in the recurrence of the disease. Long-acting parenteral drug delivery systems have the potential to improve the treatment of chronic conditions. These systems use various technologies, such as oil-based injectables, PLGA-based microspheres, and in situ forming gel-based depots, to deliver different types of drugs. The use of long-acting parenteral formulations for the treatment of chronic infections such as HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis is a recent development in the field. Researchers are also exploring the use of long-acting parenteral formulations for the treatment of malaria, with the aim of reducing dosing frequency and improving adherence to treatment. This review discusses various aspects of long-acting formulation development, including the impact of the physicochemical properties of the drug, the type of long-acting formulation, and the route of administration. The clinical significance of long-acting formulations and recent advances in the field, such as long-acting nanoformulations and long-acting products currently in clinical trials, have also been highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil B Jindal
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani Campus, Jhunjhunu, Rajasthan - 333031, India.
| | - Atharva R Bhide
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani Campus, Jhunjhunu, Rajasthan - 333031, India
| | - Sagar Salave
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Ahmedabad (NIPER-A) An Institute of National Importance, Government of India, Department of Pharmaceuticals, Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers, Opp. Airforce Station, Palaj, Gandhinagar - 382355, Gujarat, India
| | - Dhwani Rana
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Ahmedabad (NIPER-A) An Institute of National Importance, Government of India, Department of Pharmaceuticals, Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers, Opp. Airforce Station, Palaj, Gandhinagar - 382355, Gujarat, India
| | - Derajram Benival
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Ahmedabad (NIPER-A) An Institute of National Importance, Government of India, Department of Pharmaceuticals, Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers, Opp. Airforce Station, Palaj, Gandhinagar - 382355, Gujarat, India
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8
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Hegde P, Orimoloye MO, Sharma S, Engelhart CA, Schnappinger D, Aldrich CC. Polyfluorinated salicylic acid analogs do not interfere with siderophore biosynthesis. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2023; 140:102346. [PMID: 37119793 PMCID: PMC10247463 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2023.102346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is a leading cause of infectious disease mortality. The salicylic acid derived small molecule siderophores known as mycobactins are essential in vivo for iron acquisition of Mtb where iron is restricted in the host. Herein, we synthesize and explore the mechanism of action of polyfluorinated salicylic acid derivates, which were previously reported to possess potent antimycobacterial activity. We hypothesized fluorinated salicylic acid derivates may inhibit mycobactin biosynthesis through initial bioactivation and conversion to downstream metabolites that block late steps in assembly of the mycobactins. Enzymatic studies demonstrated that some of the fluorinated salicylic acid derivatives compounds were readily activated by the bifunctional adenylating enzyme MbtA, responsible for incorporation of salicylic acid into the mycobactin biosynthetic pathway; however, they did not inhibit mycobactin biosynthesis as confirmed by LS-MS/MS using an authentic synthetic mycobactin standard. Further mechanistic analysis of the most active derivative (Sal-4) using an MbtA-overexpressing Mtb strain as well as complementation studies with iron and salicylic acid revealed Sal-4 cannot be antagonized by overexpression of MbtA or through supplementation with iron or salicylic acid. Taken together, our results indicate the observed antimycobacterial activity of polyfluorinated salicylic acid derivative is independent of mycobactin biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Hegde
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 308 Harvard Street SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Moyosore O Orimoloye
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 308 Harvard Street SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Sachin Sharma
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 308 Harvard Street SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Curtis A Engelhart
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Dirk Schnappinger
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10021, USA.
| | - Courtney C Aldrich
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 308 Harvard Street SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
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9
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Kumar G, Kapoor S. Targeting mycobacterial membranes and membrane proteins: Progress and limitations. Bioorg Med Chem 2023; 81:117212. [PMID: 36804747 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2023.117212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
Among the various bacterial infections, tuberculosis continues to hold center stage. Its causative agent, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, possesses robust defense mechanisms against most front-line antibiotic drugs and host responses due to their complex cell membranes with unique lipid molecules. It is now well-established that bacteria change their membrane composition to optimize their environment to survive and elude drug action. Thus targeting membrane or membrane components is a promising avenue for exploiting the chemical space focussed on developing novel membrane-centric anti-bacterial small molecules. These approaches are more effective, non-toxic, and can attenuate resistance phenotype. We present the relevance of targeting the mycobacterial membrane as a practical therapeutic approach. The review highlights the direct and indirect targeting of membrane structure and function. Direct membrane targeting agents cause perturbation in the membrane potential and can cause leakage of the cytoplasmic contents. In contrast, indirect membrane targeting agents disrupt the function of membrane-associated proteins involved in cell wall biosynthesis or energy production. We discuss the chronological chemical improvements in various scaffolds targeting specific membrane-associated protein targets, their clinical evaluation, and up-to-date account of their ''mechanisms of action, potency, selectivity'' and limitations. The sources of anti-TB drugs/inhibitors discussed in this work have emerged from target-based identification, cell-based phenotypic screening, drug repurposing, and natural products. We believe this review will inspire the exploration of uncharted chemical space for informing the development of new scaffolds that can inhibit novel mycobacterial membrane targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gautam Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India; Departemnt of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500037, India.
| | - Shobhna Kapoor
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India; Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan.
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10
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Garg A, Alam M, Bai S, Dandawate M, Kumari N, Gupta S, Agrawal U, Nagarajan P, Reddy DS, Kulkarni MJ, Mukhopadhyay A. Protective Effects of Rifampicin and Its Analog Rifampicin Quinone in a Mouse Model of Obesity-Induced Type 2 Diabetes. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2023; 6:253-269. [PMID: 36798477 PMCID: PMC9926524 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.2c00082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) form when glucose reacts non-enzymatically with proteins, leading to abnormal protein function, oxidative stress, and inflammation. AGEs are associated with aging and age-related diseases; their formation is aggravated during diabetes. Therefore, drugs preventing AGE formation can potentially treat diabetic complications, positively affecting health. Earlier, we demonstrated that rifampicin and its analogs have potent anti-glycating activities and increase the life span of Caenorhabditis elegans. This study aimed to investigate the effects of rifampicin during hyperglycemia in C. elegans and in a mouse model of obesity-induced type 2 diabetes. The effects of rifampicin were assessed by determining the life span of C. elegans cultured in the presence of glucose and by measuring HbA1c, AGE levels, and glucose excursions in the diabetic mouse model. Our results show that rifampicin protects C. elegans from glucose-induced toxicity and increases life span. In mice, rifampicin reduces HbA1c and AGEs, improves insulin sensitivity, and reduces indications of diabetic nephropathy without inducing hepatotoxicity. Rifampicin quinone, an analog with lower anti-microbial activity, also reduces HbA1c levels, improves glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity, and lowers indications of diabetic nephropathy, without adversely affecting the liver of the diabetic mice. Altogether, our results indicate that rifampicin and its analog have protective roles during diabetes without inflicting hepatic damage and may potentially be considered for repositioning to treat hyperglycemia-related complications in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Garg
- Molecular
Aging Laboratory, National Institute of
Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Maroof Alam
- Molecular
Aging Laboratory, National Institute of
Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Shakuntala Bai
- Biochemical
Sciences Division, CSIR-National Chemical
Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Monica Dandawate
- CSIR
− Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
- Organic Chemistry
Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
| | - Neeta Kumari
- Organic Chemistry
Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
| | - Sonu Gupta
- Molecular
Aging Laboratory, National Institute of
Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Usha Agrawal
- ICMR-National
Institute of Pathology, Sriramachari Bhawan, Safdarjung Hospital Campus, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Perumal Nagarajan
- Molecular
Aging Laboratory, National Institute of
Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Dumbala Srinivasa Reddy
- CSIR
− Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
- Organic Chemistry
Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
| | - Mahesh J. Kulkarni
- Biochemical
Sciences Division, CSIR-National Chemical
Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Arnab Mukhopadhyay
- Molecular
Aging Laboratory, National Institute of
Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
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11
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Belyaeva ER, Myasoedova YV, Ishmuratova NM, Ishmuratov GY. Synthesis and Biological Activity of N-Acylhydrazones. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162022060085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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12
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Cubillos-Angulo JM, Nogueira BMF, Arriaga MB, Barreto-Duarte B, Araújo-Pereira M, Fernandes CD, Vinhaes CL, Villalva-Serra K, Nunes VM, Miguez-Pinto JP, Amaral EP, Andrade BB. Host-directed therapies in pulmonary tuberculosis: Updates on anti-inflammatory drugs. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:970408. [PMID: 36213651 PMCID: PMC9537567 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.970408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a lethal disease and remains one of the top ten causes of mortality by an infectious disease worldwide. It can also result in significant morbidity related to persistent inflammation and tissue damage. Pulmonary TB treatment depends on the prolonged use of multiple drugs ranging from 6 months for drug-susceptible TB to 6–20 months in cases of multi-drug resistant disease, with limited patient tolerance resulting from side effects. Treatment success rates remain low and thus represent a barrier to TB control. Adjunct host-directed therapy (HDT) is an emerging strategy in TB treatment that aims to target the host immune response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis in addition to antimycobacterial drugs. Combined multi-drug treatment with HDT could potentially result in more effective therapies by shortening treatment duration, improving cure success rates and reducing residual tissue damage. This review explores the rationale and challenges to the development and implementation of HDTs through a succinct report of the medications that have completed or are currently being evaluated in ongoing clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan M. Cubillos-Angulo
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Brazil
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil
- Multinational Organization Network Sponsoring Translational and Epidemiological Research Initiative, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Betânia M. F. Nogueira
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil
- Multinational Organization Network Sponsoring Translational and Epidemiological Research Initiative, Salvador, Brazil
| | - María B. Arriaga
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Brazil
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil
- Multinational Organization Network Sponsoring Translational and Epidemiological Research Initiative, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Barreto-Duarte
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Brazil
- Multinational Organization Network Sponsoring Translational and Epidemiological Research Initiative, Salvador, Brazil
- Curso de Medicina, Universidade Salvador, Salvador, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Clínica Médica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mariana Araújo-Pereira
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Brazil
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil
- Multinational Organization Network Sponsoring Translational and Epidemiological Research Initiative, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Catarina D. Fernandes
- Multinational Organization Network Sponsoring Translational and Epidemiological Research Initiative, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Caian L. Vinhaes
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Brazil
- Multinational Organization Network Sponsoring Translational and Epidemiological Research Initiative, Salvador, Brazil
- Bahiana School of Medicine and Public Health, Bahia Foundation for the Development of Sciences, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Klauss Villalva-Serra
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Brazil
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil
- Multinational Organization Network Sponsoring Translational and Epidemiological Research Initiative, Salvador, Brazil
- Curso de Medicina, Universidade Salvador, Salvador, Brazil
| | | | | | - Eduardo P. Amaral
- Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Bruno B. Andrade
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Brazil
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil
- Multinational Organization Network Sponsoring Translational and Epidemiological Research Initiative, Salvador, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Clínica Médica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Bahiana School of Medicine and Public Health, Bahia Foundation for the Development of Sciences, Salvador, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Bruno B. Andrade,
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13
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Wijayanti E, Bachtiar A, Achadi A, Rachmawati UA, Sjaaf AC, Eryando T, Besral, Trihono, Siregar KN, Vidiawati D. Mobile application development for improving medication safety in tuberculosis patients: A quasi-experimental study protocol. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0272616. [PMID: 36070321 PMCID: PMC9451058 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0272616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic, the growth of smartphones, and the internet have driven the use of technology for monitoring TB patients. Innovation in management of TB patients is needed to improve treatment outcomes. The study was conducted to obtain a predictive model of medication safety and solution model for at-risk patients, and to improve medication safety through mobile applications. The research was conducted in 4 stages, namely qualitative, quantitative (cross-sectional), qualitative, and quantitative (quasi-experimental, post-test group control design). Data were taken at the Public Health Center in Jakarta, Indonesia. Samples were taken by cluster random sampling. For quantitative research, 2nd phase (n = 114) and 4th phase (n = 96) were analyzed using logistic regression. This study analyzed predictors of medication safety to assist in monitoring patients undergoing treatment. At-risk patients were educated using an algorithm programmed in the application.
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14
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Chaudhary D, Singh A, Marzuki M, Ghosh A, Kidwai S, Gosain TP, Chawla K, Gupta SK, Agarwal N, Saha S, Kumar Y, Thakur KG, Singhal A, Singh R. Identification of small molecules targeting homoserine acetyl transferase from Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Staphylococcus aureus. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13801. [PMID: 35963878 PMCID: PMC9376091 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16468-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an urgent need to validate new drug targets and identify small molecules that possess activity against both drug-resistant and drug-sensitive bacteria. The enzymes belonging to amino acid biosynthesis have been shown to be essential for growth in vitro, in vivo and have not been exploited much for the development of anti-tubercular agents. Here, we have identified small molecule inhibitors targeting homoserine acetyl transferase (HSAT, MetX, Rv3341) from M. tuberculosis. MetX catalyses the first committed step in L-methionine and S-adenosyl methionine biosynthesis resulting in the formation of O-acetyl-homoserine. Using CRISPRi approach, we demonstrate that conditional repression of metX resulted in inhibition of M. tuberculosis growth in vitro. We have determined steady state kinetic parameters for the acetylation of L-homoserine by Rv3341. We show that the recombinant enzyme followed Michaelis-Menten kinetics and utilizes both acetyl-CoA and propionyl-CoA as acyl-donors. High-throughput screening of a 2443 compound library resulted in identification of small molecule inhibitors against MetX enzyme from M. tuberculosis. The identified lead compounds inhibited Rv3341 enzymatic activity in a dose dependent manner and were also active against HSAT homolog from S. aureus. Molecular docking of the identified primary hits predicted residues that are essential for their binding in HSAT homologs from M. tuberculosis and S. aureus. ThermoFluor assay demonstrated direct binding of the identified primary hits with HSAT proteins. Few of the identified small molecules were able to inhibit growth of M. tuberculosis and S. aureus in liquid cultures. Taken together, our findings validated HSAT as an attractive target for development of new broad-spectrum anti-bacterial agents that should be effective against drug-resistant bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Chaudhary
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana, 121001, India.,Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Avantika Singh
- Structural Biology Laboratory, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, 160036, India
| | - Mardiana Marzuki
- Infectious Diseases Labs (ID Labs), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 138648, Singapore
| | - Abhirupa Ghosh
- Division of Bioinformatics, Bose Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700054, India
| | - Saqib Kidwai
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana, 121001, India
| | - Tannu Priya Gosain
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana, 121001, India
| | - Kiran Chawla
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Sonu Kumar Gupta
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana, 121001, India
| | - Nisheeth Agarwal
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana, 121001, India
| | - Sudipto Saha
- Division of Bioinformatics, Bose Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700054, India
| | - Yashwant Kumar
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana, 121001, India
| | - Krishan Gopal Thakur
- Structural Biology Laboratory, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, 160036, India
| | - Amit Singhal
- Infectious Diseases Labs (ID Labs), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 138648, Singapore.,Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), (A*STAR), Singapore, 138648, Singapore.,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
| | - Ramandeep Singh
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana, 121001, India. .,Tuberculosis Research Laboratory, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurugram Expressway, PO Box # 4, Faridabad, 121001, India.
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15
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Adhikari BR, Dummer J, Gordon KC, Das SC. An expert opinion on respiratory delivery of high dose powders for lung infections. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2022; 19:795-813. [PMID: 35695722 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2022.2089111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION High dose powder inhalation is evolving as an important approach to to treat lung infections. It is important to its identify applications, consider the factors affecting high dose powder delivery, and assess the effect of high dose drugs in patients. AREA COVERED Both current and pipeline high dose inhalers and their applications have been summarized. Challenges and opportunities to high dose delivery have been highlighted after reviewing formulation techniques in the context of factors affecting aerosolization, devices, and patient factors. EXPERT OPINION High dose inhaled delivery of antimicrobials is an innovative way to increase treatment efficacy of respiratory infections, tackle drug resistance, and the scarcity of new antimicrobials. The high dose inhaled technology also has potential for systemic action; however, innovations in formulation strategies and devices are required to realize its full potential. Advances in formulation strategies include the use of excipients or the engineering of particles to decrease the cohesive property of microparticles and their packing density. Similarly, selection of a synergistic drug instead of an excipient can be considered to increase aerosolization and stability. Device development focused on improving dispersion and loading capacity is also important, and modification of existing devices for high dose delivery can also be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jack Dummer
- Department of Medicine, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Keith C Gordon
- The Dodd-Walls Centre for Photonic and Quantum Technologies, Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Shyamal C Das
- School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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16
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Nagendran S, Balasubramaniyan S, Irfan N. Virtually screened novel sulfathiazole derivatives as a potential drug candidate for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022:1-10. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2079002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saraswathy Nagendran
- Department of Botany, SVKM’s Mithibai College of Arts Chauhan Institute of Science and Amrutben Jivanlal College of Commerce and Economics, Mumbai, India
| | - Sakthivel Balasubramaniyan
- Drug Discovery and Development Research Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University College of Engineering, Anna University, Tiruchirapalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Navabshan Irfan
- Crescent School of Pharmacy, B.S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science & Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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17
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Chokkareddy R, Redhi GG. Novel Electrochemical Sensor for Rifampicin based on Ionic Liquid
Functionalised TiO2 Nanoparticles. CURR ANAL CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/1573411017999210120181019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Aim::
The main strategy of this study is to develop a novel ionic liquid functionalised metal nanocomposite
based electrochemical sensor with potential applications for the sensitive electrochemical detection of rifampicin.
Background::
Tuberculosis (TB) is a widespread disease that is caused by the gram-positive Mycobacterium tuberculosis
(MTB). In addition, for several decades TB has become a constant threat to human health, however due to the
accessibility of broad-spectrum antibiotics (rifampicin, pyrazinamide, isoniazid, and ethambutol), which are active against
the bacterium, the social and economic burden for sufferers from the illness remains to be huge. Specially, in countries,
like India and sub Saharan Africa, it is one of the common diseases affecting members from all age groups. So, this work
is aimed at developing a novel electrochemical sensor for the determination of rifampicin (RIF) in pharmaceutical
samples.
Objective::
To synthesis and characterization of the novel liquid functionalised metal nanocomposite. Fabrication of glassy
carbon electrode with potent electrode modifiers whose applicability as electro catalysis agents towards rifampicin is
investigated.
Method::
In this work, a nanocomposite based on trihexyltetradecylphosphonium-bis-(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)-phosphinate
([P14, 6, 6, 6] [(C8H17)2 PO2)]) ionic liquid functionalised titanium oxide nanoparticles (TiO2NPs) and multiwalled carbon
nanotubes (MWCNTs) were used in the modification of a highly sensitive electrochemical sensor for quantification of
rifampicin in pharmaceutical formulations. The modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) were characterised by
transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD).
Results::
The electrochemical behaviour of RIF was studied on the modified electrode by the cyclic voltammetry (CV) and
differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) techniques. At pH 6.0 in phosphate buffer solution (PBS), the anodic peak current
value of RIF obtained with the fabricated electrode is 7 times greater than with the bare GCE electrode. The anodic peak
current value and concentration of RIF showed a good linear relationship in the range of 0.015–2.8 μM, with the limit of
detection (LOD) of 0.0218 μM and limit of quantification (LOQ) 0.3120 μM respectively.
Conclusion::
Under the optimal conditions, the IL-f-TiO2NPs-MWCNTs-GCE provided a relatively lower detection limit
and wider linear range compared to other previous procedures. The proposed electrochemical sensor had potent catalytic
activity for RIF oxidation and provided important quantitatively reproducible analytical performance. Finally, this
modified electrode was successfully applied to the determination of RIF in real pharmaceutical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajasekhar Chokkareddy
- Department of Chemistry, Electroanalytical Laboratory, Durban University of Technology, Durban,,South Africa
- Department of Chemistry, Aditya Engineering College, Surampalem-533437, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Gan G. Redhi
- Department of Chemistry, Electroanalytical Laboratory, Durban University of Technology, Durban,,South Africa
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18
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Larkins-Ford J, Greenstein T, Van N, Degefu YN, Olson MC, Sokolov A, Aldridge BB. Systematic measurement of combination-drug landscapes to predict in vivo treatment outcomes for tuberculosis. Cell Syst 2021; 12:1046-1063.e7. [PMID: 34469743 PMCID: PMC8617591 DOI: 10.1016/j.cels.2021.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Lengthy multidrug chemotherapy is required to achieve a durable cure in tuberculosis. However, we lack well-validated, high-throughput in vitro models that predict animal outcomes. Here, we provide an extensible approach to rationally prioritize combination therapies for testing in in vivo mouse models of tuberculosis. We systematically measured Mycobacterium tuberculosis response to all two- and three-drug combinations among ten antibiotics in eight conditions that reproduce lesion microenvironments, resulting in >500,000 measurements. Using these in vitro data, we developed classifiers predictive of multidrug treatment outcome in a mouse model of disease relapse and identified ensembles of in vitro models that best describe in vivo treatment outcomes. We identified signatures of potencies and drug interactions in specific in vitro models that distinguish whether drug combinations are better than the standard of care in two important preclinical mouse models. Our framework is generalizable to other difficult-to-treat diseases requiring combination therapies. A record of this paper's transparent peer review process is included in the supplemental information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonah Larkins-Ford
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA; Stuart B. Levy Center for Integrated Management of Antimicrobial Resistance, Boston, MA 02111, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA; Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Program in Therapeutic Science, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Talia Greenstein
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA; Stuart B. Levy Center for Integrated Management of Antimicrobial Resistance, Boston, MA 02111, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Nhi Van
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Yonatan N Degefu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA; Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Program in Therapeutic Science, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Michaela C Olson
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Artem Sokolov
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Program in Therapeutic Science, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Bree B Aldridge
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA; Stuart B. Levy Center for Integrated Management of Antimicrobial Resistance, Boston, MA 02111, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA; Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Program in Therapeutic Science, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University School of Engineering, Medford, MA 02155, USA.
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19
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Nagamani S, Sastry GN. Mycobacterium tuberculosis Cell Wall Permeability Model Generation Using Chemoinformatics and Machine Learning Approaches. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:17472-17482. [PMID: 34278133 PMCID: PMC8280707 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c01865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The drug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) are evolving at an alarming rate, and this indicates the urgent need for the development of novel antitubercular drugs. However, genetic mutations, complex cell wall system of M.tb, and influx-efflux transporter systems are the major permeability barriers that significantly affect the M.tb drugs activity. Thus, most of the small molecules are ineffective to arrest the M.tb cell growth, even though they are effective at the cellular level. To address the permeability issue, different machine learning models that effectively distinguish permeable and impermeable compounds were developed. The enzyme-based (IC50) and cell-based (minimal inhibitory concentration) data were considered for the classification of M.tb permeable and impermeable compounds. It was assumed that the compounds that have high activity in both enzyme-based and cell-based assays possess the required M.tb cell wall permeability. The XGBoost model was outperformed when compared to the other models generated from different algorithms such as random forest, support vector machine, and naïve Bayes. The XGBoost model was further validated using the validation data set (21 permeable and 19 impermeable compounds). The obtained machine learning models suggested that various descriptors such as molecular weight, atom type, electrotopological state, hydrogen bond donor/acceptor counts, and extended topochemical atoms of molecules are the major determining factors for both M.tb cell permeability and inhibitory activity. Furthermore, potential antimycobacterial drugs were identified using computational drug repurposing. All the approved drugs from DrugBank were collected and screened using the developed permeability model. The screened compounds were given as input in the PASS server for the identification of possible antimycobacterial compounds. The drugs that were retained after two filters were docked to the active site of 10 different potential antimycobacterial drug targets. The results obtained from this study may improve the understanding of M.tb permeability and activity that may aid in the development of novel antimycobacterial drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selvaraman Nagamani
- Advanced
Computation and Data Sciences Division, CSIR − North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat, Assam 785 006, India
| | - G. Narahari Sastry
- Advanced
Computation and Data Sciences Division, CSIR − North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat, Assam 785 006, India
- ;
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20
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Thiyagarajan D, Huck B, Nothdurft B, Koch M, Rudolph D, Rutschmann M, Feldmann C, Hozsa C, Furch M, Besecke KFW, Gieseler RK, Loretz B, Lehr CM. Spray-dried lactose-leucine microparticles for pulmonary delivery of antimycobacterial nanopharmaceuticals. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2021; 11:1766-1778. [PMID: 34101127 PMCID: PMC8236044 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-021-01011-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary delivery of nanocarriers for novel antimycobacterial compounds is challenging because the aerodynamic properties of nanomaterials are sub-optimal for such purposes. Here, we report the development of dry powder formulations for nanocarriers containing benzothiazinone 043 (BTZ) or levofloxacin (LVX), respectively. The intricacy is to generate dry powder aerosols with adequate aerodynamic properties while maintaining both nanostructural integrity and compound activity until reaching the deeper lung compartments. Microparticles (MPs) were prepared using vibrating mesh spray drying with lactose and leucine as approved excipients for oral inhalation drug products. MP morphologies and sizes were measured using various biophysical techniques including determination of geometric and aerodynamic mean sizes, X-ray diffraction, and confocal and focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy. Differences in the nanocarriers’ characteristics influenced the MPs’ sizes and shapes, their aerodynamic properties, and, hence, also the fraction available for lung deposition. Spay-dried powders of a BTZ nanosuspension, BTZ-loaded silica nanoparticles (NPs), and LVX-loaded liposomes showed promising respirable fractions, in contrast to zirconyl hydrogen phosphate nanocontainers. While the colloidal stability of silica NPs was improved after spray drying, MPs encapsulating either BTZ nanosuspensions or LVX-loaded liposomes showed the highest respirable fractions and active pharmaceutical ingredient loads. Importantly, for the BTZ nanosuspension, biocompatibility and in vitro uptake by a macrophage model cell line were improved even further after spray drying. ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Durairaj Thiyagarajan
- Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Center for Infection Research (HZI), Campus E8.1, 66123, Saarbrucken, Germany
| | - Benedikt Huck
- Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Center for Infection Research (HZI), Campus E8.1, 66123, Saarbrucken, Germany.,Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, 66123, Saarbrucken, Germany
| | - Birgit Nothdurft
- , INM - Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Campus D2 2, 66123, Saarbrucken, Germany
| | - Marcus Koch
- , INM - Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Campus D2 2, 66123, Saarbrucken, Germany
| | - David Rudolph
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 15, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Mark Rutschmann
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 15, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Claus Feldmann
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 15, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Constantin Hozsa
- Rodos Biotarget GmbH, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 31, 30625, Hannover, Germany.,Siegfried AG Hameln, 31789, Hameln, Germany
| | - Marcus Furch
- Rodos Biotarget GmbH, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 31, 30625, Hannover, Germany.,Biolife Holding GmbH & Co. KG, 69126, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Karen F W Besecke
- Rodos Biotarget GmbH, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 31, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Robert K Gieseler
- Rodos Biotarget GmbH, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 31, 30625, Hannover, Germany.,Department of Medicine, University Hospital Bochum, 44892, Bochum, Germany
| | - Brigitta Loretz
- Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Center for Infection Research (HZI), Campus E8.1, 66123, Saarbrucken, Germany.
| | - Claus-Michael Lehr
- Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Center for Infection Research (HZI), Campus E8.1, 66123, Saarbrucken, Germany.,Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, 66123, Saarbrucken, Germany
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21
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Chemical Classes Presenting Novel Antituberculosis Agents Currently in Different Phases of Drug Development: A 2010-2020 Review. PHARMACEUTICALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:ph14050461. [PMID: 34068171 PMCID: PMC8152995 DOI: 10.3390/ph14050461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), is a curable airborne disease currently treated using a drug regimen consisting of four drugs. Global TB control has been a persistent challenge for many decades due to the emergence of drug-resistant Mtb strains. The duration and complexity of TB treatment are the main issues leading to treatment failures. Other challenges faced by currently deployed TB regimens include drug-drug interactions, miss-matched pharmacokinetics parameters of drugs in a regimen, and lack of activity against slow replicating sub-population. These challenges underpin the continuous search for novel TB drugs and treatment regimens. This review summarizes new TB drugs/drug candidates under development with emphasis on their chemical classes, biological targets, mode of resistance generation, and pharmacokinetic properties. As effective TB treatment requires a combination of drugs, the issue of drug-drug interaction is, therefore, of great concern; herein, we have compiled drug-drug interaction reports, as well as efficacy reports for drug combinations studies involving antitubercular agents in clinical development.
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22
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Li M, Saviolakis GA, El-Amin W, Makhene MK, Osborn B, Nedelman J, Yang TJ, Everitt D. Phase 1 Study of the Effects of the Tuberculosis Treatment Pretomanid, Alone and in Combination With Moxifloxacin, on the QTc Interval in Healthy Volunteers. Clin Pharmacol Drug Dev 2020; 10:634-646. [PMID: 33378139 PMCID: PMC8246780 DOI: 10.1002/cpdd.898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) continues to be a serious threat to public health throughout the world. Newer treatments are needed that could offer simplified regimens with activity against both drug‐sensitive and drug‐resistant bacilli, while optimizing safety. Pretomanid (PA‐824), a nitroimidazooxazine compound, is a new drug for the treatment of pulmonary TB that was recently approved in the United States and Europe in the context of a regimen combined with bedaquiline and linezolid. This phase 1 double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled crossover study specifically examined the effect of single‐dose administration of pretomanid 400 or 1000 mg and pretomanid 400 mg plus moxifloxacin 400 mg on the QTc interval in 74 healthy subjects. Subjects were fasting at the time of drug administration. Pretomanid concentrations following single 400‐ or 1000‐mg doses were not associated with any QT interval prolongation of clinical concern. Moxifloxacin did not alter the pharmacokinetics of pretomanid, and the effect of pretomanid 400 mg plus moxifloxacin 400 mg on the individually corrected QT interval was consistent with the effect of moxifloxacin alone. Both drugs were generally well tolerated. Although supratherapeutic exposure of pretomanid relative to the now‐recommended dosing with food was not achieved, these findings contribute to the favorable assessment of cardiac safety for pretomanid.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - George A Saviolakis
- DynPort Vaccine Company (DVC), LLC, a GDIT company, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Wael El-Amin
- DynPort Vaccine Company (DVC), LLC, a GDIT company, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Mamodikoe K Makhene
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Blaire Osborn
- Office of Clinical Pharmacology, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
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23
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A structured Markov chain model to investigate the effects of pre-exposure vaccines in tuberculosis control. J Theor Biol 2020; 509:110490. [PMID: 32949590 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2020.110490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, the interest is in a structured Markov chain model to describe the transmission dynamics of tuberculosis (TB) in the setting of small communities of hosts sharing confined spaces, and to explore the potential impact of new pre-exposure vaccines on reducing the number of new TB cases during an outbreak of the disease. The model under consideration incorporates endogenous reactivation of latent tubercle bacilli, exogenous reinfection of latently infected TB hosts, loss of effectiveness of the vaccine protection, and death of hosts due to tubercle bacilli and from causes beyond TB. Various probabilistic measures are defined and analytically studied to describe extreme values and the number of vaccinations during an outbreak, and a random version of the basic reproduction number is used to measure the transmission potential during the initial phase of the epidemic. Our numerical experiments allow us to compare different pre-exposure vaccines versus the level of coverage in terms of these probabilistic measures.
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24
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Elkarhat Z, Charoute H, Elkhattabi L, Barakat A, Rouba H. Potential inhibitors of SARS-cov-2 RNA dependent RNA polymerase protein: molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulations and MM-PBSA analyses. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2020; 40:361-374. [PMID: 32873176 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1813628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The SARS-cov-2 RNA dependent RNA polymerase (nsp12) is a crucial viral enzyme that catalyzes the replication of RNA from RNA templates. The fixation of some ligands in the active site may alter the viral life cycle. The aim of the present study is to identify the conservation level of nsp12 motifs (A-G), using consurf server, and discover their interactions with rifabutin, rifampicin, rifapentin, sorangicin A, streptolydigin, myxopyronin B, VXR and VRX using AutoDockTools-1.5.6, Gromacs 2018.2 and g-mmpbsa. Thus, the most of amino acids residues located in nsp12 protein Motifs (A-G) were predicted as highly conserved. The binding energies of streptolydigin, VXR, rifabutin, rifapentine, VRX, sorangicin A, myxopyronin B and rifampicin with nsp12 protein are -8.11, -8.23, -7.14, -6.94, -6.55, -5.46, -5.33 and -5.26 kcal/mol, respectively. In the other hand, the binding energies of ligand in the same order with nsp7-nsp8-nsp12 complex are -7.23, -7.08, -7.21, -7, -6.59, -8.73, -5.52, -5.87 kcal/mol, respectively. All ligands interact with at least two nsp12 motifs. The molecular dynamics simulation of nsp12-streptolydigin and nsp12-VXR complexes shows that these two complexes are stable and the number of hydrogen bonds as a function of time, after 30 ns of simulation, varies between 0 and 6 for nsp12-streptolydigin complex and between 0 and 4 for nsp12-VXR complex. The average of free binding energies obtained using g_mmpbsa, after 30 ns of simulation, is -191.982 Kj/mol for nsp12-streptolydigin complex and -153.583 Kj/mol for nsp12-VXR complex. Our results suggest that these ligands may be used as inhibitors of SARS-cov-2 nsp12 protein.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zouhair Elkarhat
- Laboratory of Genomics and Human Genetics, Département de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Hicham Charoute
- Laboratory of Genomics and Human Genetics, Département de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Lamiae Elkhattabi
- Laboratory of Genomics and Human Genetics, Département de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Abdelhamid Barakat
- Laboratory of Genomics and Human Genetics, Département de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Hassan Rouba
- Laboratory of Genomics and Human Genetics, Département de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca, Morocco
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25
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Chokkareddy R, Thondavada N, Kabane B, Redhi GG. A novel ionic liquid based electrochemical sensor for detection of pyrazinamide. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-020-02047-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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26
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Jelińska A, Zając M, Dadej A, Tomczak S, Geszke-Moritz M, Muszalska-Kolos I. Tuberculosis - Present Medication and Therapeutic Prospects. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:630-656. [PMID: 30457045 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666181120100025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tuberculosis (TB) has been present in the history of human civilization since time immemorial and has caused more deaths than any other infectious disease. It is still considered one of the ten most common epidemiologic causes of death in the world. As a transmissible disease, it is initiated by rod-shaped (bacillus) mycobacteria. The management of tuberculosis became possible owing to several discoveries beginning in 1882 with the isolation of the TB bacillus by Robert Koch. The diagnosis of TB was enabled by finding a staining method for TB bacteria identification (1883). It was soon realized that a large-scale policy for the treatment and prevention of tuberculosis was necessary, which resulted in the foundation of International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (1902). An antituberculosis vaccine was developed in 1921 and has been in therapeutic use since then. TB treatment regimens have changed over the decades and the latest recommendations are known as Directly Observed Treatment Short-course (DOTS, WHO 1993). METHODS A search of bibliographic databases was performed for peer-reviewed research literature. A focused review question and inclusion criteria were applied. Standard tools were used to assess the quality of retrieved papers. RESULTS A total of 112 papers were included comprising original publications and reviews. The paper overviews anti-TB drugs according to their mechanism of action. The chemical structure, metabolism and unwanted effects of such drugs have been discussed. The most recent treatment regimens and new drugs, including those in clinical trials, are also presented. CONCLUSION Despite a 22% decrease in the tuberculosis fatality rate observed between 2000 and 2015, the disease remains one of the ten prime causes of death worldwide. Increasing bacterial resistance and expensive, prolonged therapies are the main reasons for efforts to find effective drugs or antituberculosis regimens, especially to cure multidrug-resistant tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Jelińska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medicinal Sciences, Grunwaldzka Str. 6, 60-780, Poznan, Poland
| | - Marianna Zając
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medicinal Sciences, Grunwaldzka Str. 6, 60-780, Poznan, Poland
| | - Adrianna Dadej
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medicinal Sciences, Grunwaldzka Str. 6, 60-780, Poznan, Poland
| | - Szymon Tomczak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medicinal Sciences, Grunwaldzka Str. 6, 60-780, Poznan, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Geszke-Moritz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medicinal Sciences, Grunwaldzka Str. 6, 60-780, Poznan, Poland
| | - Izabela Muszalska-Kolos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medicinal Sciences, Grunwaldzka Str. 6, 60-780, Poznan, Poland
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27
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Sahile HA, Rens C, Shapira T, Andersen RJ, Av-Gay Y. DMN-Tre Labeling for Detection and High-Content Screening of Compounds against Intracellular Mycobacteria. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:3661-3669. [PMID: 32118181 PMCID: PMC7045496 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b04173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
4-N,N-Dimethylamino-1,8-naphthalimide conjugate of trehalose (DMN-Tre) is a fluorogenic dye recently developed as a diagnostic tool for tuberculosis. DMN-Tre selectively labels the mycobacterial cell wall through the Ag85 enzymes. In this work, we disclose a protocol describing the total synthesis of DMN-Tre with more than 99% purity. We further developed a protocol for in vitro and intercellular labeling of various mycobacterial strains. DMN-Tre labeling was found to be a useful tool to study in vitro and intracellular Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) physiology and as an end-point readout system in high-content image-based screening (HCS) of drug molecules. Such uses of DMN-Tre labeling provide a simple, fast, and cheap alternative to the existing, time-consuming approach that requires Mtb strains to be genetically transformed with fluorescent reporter genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henok A. Sahile
- Division
of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine and Department of Microbiology and
Immunology, Life Sciences Institute, University
of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z3
| | - Celine Rens
- Division
of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine and Department of Microbiology and
Immunology, Life Sciences Institute, University
of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z3
| | - Tirosh Shapira
- Division
of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine and Department of Microbiology and
Immunology, Life Sciences Institute, University
of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z3
| | - Raymond J. Andersen
- Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric
Sciences, Faculty of Science, University
of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - Yossef Av-Gay
- Division
of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine and Department of Microbiology and
Immunology, Life Sciences Institute, University
of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z3
- E-mail:
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28
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Hakeem S, Singh I, Sharma P, Verma V, Chandra R. in silico screening and molecular dynamics simulations study to identify novel potent inhibitors against Mycobacterium tuberculosis DnaG primase. Acta Trop 2019; 199:105154. [PMID: 31445897 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2019.105154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis remains a major global health threat killing millions of people. Due to existing multiple drug resistance (MDR) and prolonged treatment it becomes necessary to explore novel drug targets in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). DnaG primase, having a significant role in primer synthesis during initiation of DNA replication, has emerged as a promising drug target. The three dimensional (3D) model of its catalytic domain (Toprim) was constructed. Further, in silico screening of the three diverse chemical compound libraries against the modeled domain was carried out. Four top screened compounds were identified and evaluated by ADMET analysis. The stability of these compounds in complex with the Toprim domain was validated through 50 ns molecular dynamics simulations. Lys 101, Glu 137 and Asp 188 in the active site predominantly formed the hydrogen bonds with the top screened compounds. Hence, the drug-like compounds identified can be taken up for the further experimental investigation as anti-tubercular agents.
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29
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Salie S, Labuschagné A, Walters A, Geyer S, Jardine A, Jacobs M, Hsu NJ. In vitro and in vivo toxicity evaluation of non-neuroleptic phenothiazines, antitubercular drug candidates. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2019; 109:104508. [PMID: 31672509 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2019.104508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The phenothiazine-derived antipsychotic drugs, such as chlorpromazine and thioridazine, are bactericidal against drug-sensitive and drug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, but produce undesirable side effects at clinically relevant doses. We have previously modified four novel phenothiazines and maintained their antimycobacterial activity. This study evaluated the pharmacological and toxicity profiles of these novel non-neuroleptic phenothiazines, PTZ3, PTZ4, PTZ31 and PTZ32, for their metabolic stability, kinetic solubility and potential cytotoxic effects in vitro. To further support the safet use of these drug candidates, the in vivo pharmacological and toxicity profiles were assessed in C57BL/6 mice via single or repeated oral gavage. In acute toxicity studies, all four modified phenothiazines showed favourable safety in mice. When treated daily with 100 mg/kg of PTZ3 and PTZ4 for 2 weeks, mice displayed no signs of toxicity. Alternatively, treatment with PTZ31 resulted in 20% mortality with no toxicity evident in biochemical or histological analysis, while exposure to PTZ32 resulted in a 45% survival with increased serum concentrations of uric acid and alkaline phosphatase. The combined non-neuroleptic and antimycobacterial effects of the novel phenothiazines PTZ3, PTZ4, PTZ31 and PTZ32 demonstrated favourable pharmacological and toxicity profiles in this study, highlight the potential of these compounds as suitable anti-tuberculosis drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumayah Salie
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Antoinette Labuschagné
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Avril Walters
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Sohair Geyer
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Anwar Jardine
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Muazzam Jacobs
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa; National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa; Immunology of Infectious Disease Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Nai-Jen Hsu
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa
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30
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Rakhmawatie MD, Wibawa T, Lisdiyanti P, Pratiwi WR, Mustofa. Evaluation of crystal violet decolorization assay and resazurin microplate assay for antimycobacterial screening. Heliyon 2019; 5:e02263. [PMID: 31497667 PMCID: PMC6722264 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The main obstacle in antimycobacterial discovery is the extremely slow growth rates of pathogenic mycobacteria that lead to the long incubation times needed in antimycobacterial screening. Some in vitro testings has been developed and are currently available for antimycobacterial screening. The aim of the study was to compare Resazurin Microplate Assay (REMA) and Crystal Violet Decolorization Assay (CVDA) for testing mycobacteria susceptibility to isoniazid and rifampicin as well as for antimycobacterial screening of natural products (NP). Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain H37Rv and Mycobacterium smegmatis strain mc2 155 were used as tested mycobacteria. Serial two-fold dilutions from 0.0625 to 1.0 μg/mL for the isoniazid and rifampicin and from 6.25 to 100.0 μg/mL for the NP A and B were prepared. Tested mycobacteria were then incubated with tested drugs or NPs in each growth medium at 37 °C for 7 days for M. tuberculosis and 3 days for M. smegmatis. MIC values against M. tuberculosis were interpreted 24-48 h after adding resazurin or at least 72 h after adding crystal violet, whereas MIC values against M. smegmatis were interpreted 1 h after adding resazurin or 24 h after adding crystal violet. The MIC values against M. tuberculosis interpreted by REMA were 0.0625, 0.0625, 6.25, and >100 μg/mL for rifampicin, isoniazid, NP A, and NP B, respectively, and those interpreted by CVDA were 0.0625, 0.0625, 6.25, and >100 μg/mL for rifampicin, isoniazid, NP A, and NP B, respectively. Moreover, the MIC values against M. smegmatis interpreted by REMA were 0.0625, >1, 6.25, and 100 μg/mL for rifampicin, isoniazid, NP A, and NP B, respectively, and those interpreted by CVDA were 0.125, >1, 6.25, and >100 μg/mL for rifampicin, isoniazid, NP A, NP B respectively. In conclusion, REMA is faster and easier than CVDA to interpret MIC values, however CVDA produces higher MIC values than REMA for rifampicin and NP B in M. smegmatis susceptibility testing. Therefore, REMA and CVDA can be used for antimycobacterial screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Dian Rakhmawatie
- Doctoral Program in Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Muhammadiyah Semarang, Semarang, Indonesia
| | - Tri Wibawa
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Puspita Lisdiyanti
- Research Center for Biotechnology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Woro Rukmi Pratiwi
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Mustofa
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
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31
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Knight LK, Lehloenya RJ, Sinanovic E, Pooran A. Cost of managing severe cutaneous adverse drug reactions to first-line tuberculosis therapy in South Africa. Trop Med Int Health 2019; 24:994-1002. [PMID: 31173430 DOI: 10.1111/tmi.13275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the cost of managing treatment-limiting cutaneous adverse drug reactions (CADRs) to first-line anti-tuberculosis drugs to an alternative strategy of immediate treatment initiation using second-line drugs in a South African setting. METHODS Clinical and cost data were retrospectively collected from patients presenting with a first-line anti-tuberculosis therapy-associated CADR. Costs (2016 US$) were estimated using an ingredient's approach from a healthcare provider perspective. The per-patient and total cost of drug rechallenge, the current management strategy for severe CADR, was calculated. Alternative strategies involving second-line treatment were derived from literature and expert clinical advice. RESULTS Drug rechallenge costs US $5831 (95% CI: 5134-6527) per patient. Hospitalisation accounted for 62% of this cost. Alternative CADR management strategies using regimens containing rifabutin, bedaquiline and/or delamanid cost 44%-55% less than drug rechallenge (US $2651-US $3276/patient). In univariate sensitivity analyses, drug rechallenge and alternative strategies were most sensitive to hospitalisation and tuberculosis drug costs, respectively. CONCLUSION Cutaneous adverse drug reactions to anti-tuberculosis treatment represent a significant economic burden. An alternate strategy of outpatient-initiated second-line therapy is economically feasible but requires clinical validation to assess effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren K Knight
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Rannakoe J Lehloenya
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Department of Medicine, Combined Drug Allergy Clinic, University of Cape Town and Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Edina Sinanovic
- Health Economics Division, School of Public Health & Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Anil Pooran
- Department of Medicine & Lung Institute, Centre for Lung Infection and Immunity, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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32
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Campaniço A, Carrasco MP, Njoroge M, Seldon R, Chibale K, Perdigão J, Portugal I, Warner DF, Moreira R, Lopes F. Azaaurones as Potent Antimycobacterial Agents Active against MDR- and XDR-TB. ChemMedChem 2019; 14:1537-1546. [PMID: 31294529 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201900289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Herein we report the screening of a small library of aurones and their isosteric counterparts, azaaurones and N-acetylazaaurones, against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Aurones were found to be inactive at 20 μm, whereas azaaurones and N-acetylazaaurones emerged as the most potent compounds, with nine derivatives displaying MIC99 values ranging from 0.4 to 2.0 μm. In addition, several N-acetylazaaurones were found to be active against multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) clinical M. tuberculosis isolates. The antimycobacterial mechanism of action of these compounds remains to be determined; however, a preliminary mechanistic study confirmed that they do not inhibit the mycobacterial cytochrome bc1 complex. Additionally, microsomal metabolic stability and metabolite identification studies revealed that N-acetylazaaurones are deacetylated to their azaaurone counterparts. Overall, these results demonstrate that azaaurones and their N-acetyl counterparts represent a new entry in the toolbox of chemotypes capable of inhibiting M. tuberculosis growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Campaniço
- Instituto de Investigação do Medicamento (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Marta P Carrasco
- Instituto de Investigação do Medicamento (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Mathew Njoroge
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Drug Discovery and Development Centre (H3D), University of Cape Town, Observatory, 7925, South Africa
| | - Ronnett Seldon
- Department of Chemistry, South African Medical Research Council Drug Discovery and Development Research Unit, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa
| | - Kelly Chibale
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa.,Department of Chemistry, South African Medical Research Council Drug Discovery and Development Research Unit, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa.,Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa
| | - João Perdigão
- Instituto de Investigação do Medicamento (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Isabel Portugal
- Instituto de Investigação do Medicamento (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Digby F Warner
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa.,Department of Pathology, SAMRC/NHLS/UCT Molecular Mycobacteriology Research Unit, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa.,Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa
| | - Rui Moreira
- Instituto de Investigação do Medicamento (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Francisca Lopes
- Instituto de Investigação do Medicamento (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisboa, Portugal
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Baartzes N, Stringer T, Seldon R, Warner DF, Taylor D, Wittlin S, Chibale K, Smith GS. Bioisosteric ferrocenyl aminoquinoline-benzimidazole hybrids: Antimicrobial evaluation and mechanistic insights. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 180:121-133. [PMID: 31301563 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.06.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 06/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Phenyl- and bioisosteric ferrocenyl-derived aminoquinoline-benzimidazole hybrid compounds were synthesised and evaluated for their in vitro antiplasmodial activity against the chloroquine-sensitive NF54 and multi-drug resistant K1 strains of the human malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum. All compounds were active against the two strains, generally showing enhanced activity in the K1 strain, with resistance indices less than 1. Cytotoxicity studies using Chinese hamster ovarian cells revealed that the hybrids were relatively non-cytotoxic and demonstrated selective killing of the parasite. Based on favourable in vitro antiplasmodial and cytotoxicity data, the most active phenyl (4c) and ferrocenyl (5b) hybrids were tested in vivo against the rodent Plasmodium berghei mouse model. Both compounds caused a reduction in parasitemia relative to the control, with 5c displaying superior activity (92% reduction in parasitemia at 4 × 50 mg/kg oral doses). The most active phenyl and ferrocenyl derivatives showed inhibition of β-haematin formation in a NP-40 detergent-mediated assay, indicating a possible contributing mechanism of antiplasmodial action. The most active ferrocenyl hybrid did not display appreciable reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in a ROS-induced DNA cleavage gel electrophoresis study. The compounds were also screened for their in vitro activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The hybrids containing a more hydrophobic substituent had enhanced activity (<32.7 μM) compared to those with a less hydrophobic substituent (>62.5 μM).
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Affiliation(s)
- N Baartzes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - T Stringer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - R Seldon
- Drug Discovery and Development Centre (H3D), Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - D F Warner
- SAMRC/NHLS/UCT Molecular Mycobacteriology Research Unit, DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical TB Research, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701, Cape Town, South Africa; Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa
| | - D Taylor
- H3D, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory, 7925, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - S Wittlin
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, 4002, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, 4003, Basel, Switzerland
| | - K Chibale
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701, Cape Town, South Africa; South African Medical Research Council, Drug Discovery and Development Research Unit, Department of Chemistry and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa
| | - G S Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701, Cape Town, South Africa.
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34
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Zhang T, Jiang G, Wen S, Huo F, Wang F, Huang H, Pang Y. Para-aminosalicylic acid increases the susceptibility to isoniazid in clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Infect Drug Resist 2019; 12:825-829. [PMID: 31114264 PMCID: PMC6497846 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s200697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The purpose of this work was to assess the activity of para-aminosalicylic acid (PAS) in combination with isoniazid (INH) against clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). Materials and methods: A total of 72 MTB isolates with differential in vitro drug susceptibilities were included in this study, comprising 24 pan-susceptible, 24 MDR-TB, and 24 extensively drug-resistant (XDR) isolates. A microplate alamarBlue assay was performed to identify the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of MTB isolates. Results: The MIC50 of INH was 4 mg/L, and that of PAS was 0.063 mg/L against MTB isolates when single drug used. The combined use of INH and PAS resulted in 16-fold and 8-fold decrease in MIC50 for INH and PAS, respectively. The INH-PAS revealed synergistic activity in 94.4% of the isolates. In addition, there was no significant difference in the FIC index of the INH-PAS combination among individual isolates harboring different susceptibility pattern (P>0.05). Conclusion: The synergy between INH and PAS is demonstrated using non-multidrug-resistant (non-MDR) and MDR-TB strains, which will provide clinicians with useful hints to reuse this combination for treatment of TB patients in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zhang
- National Clinical Laboratory on Tuberculosis, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Institute, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Key Laboratory on Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis Research, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Institute, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Guanglu Jiang
- National Clinical Laboratory on Tuberculosis, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Institute, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Key Laboratory on Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis Research, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Institute, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu'an Wen
- National Clinical Laboratory on Tuberculosis, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Institute, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Key Laboratory on Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis Research, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Institute, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengmin Huo
- National Clinical Laboratory on Tuberculosis, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Institute, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Key Laboratory on Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis Research, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Institute, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Fen Wang
- National Clinical Laboratory on Tuberculosis, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Institute, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Key Laboratory on Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis Research, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Institute, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hairong Huang
- National Clinical Laboratory on Tuberculosis, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Institute, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Key Laboratory on Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis Research, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Institute, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Pang
- National Clinical Laboratory on Tuberculosis, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Institute, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Key Laboratory on Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis Research, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Institute, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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35
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Chen YT, Kuo SC, Chao PW, Chang YY. Use of lipid-lowering agents is not associated with improved outcomes for tuberculosis patients on standard-course therapy: A population-based cohort study. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0210479. [PMID: 30633771 PMCID: PMC6329498 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0210479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Animal and ex vitro studies suggested lipid-lowering agents (LLAs) may be used as an adjunct to standard anti- tuberculosis (TB) treatment. No human study has been conducted to date. Using the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD), the current population-based cohort study sought to examine the association between use of LLAs and outcomes of patients with pulmonary TB receiving anti-TB treatment. Methods Using a NHIRD from 2003 to 2010, this population-based cohort study retrospectively examined the association between LLAs (statins or fibrates) and the outcomes of patients with pulmonary TB receiving anti-TB treatment. Results A total of 1452 adult patients newly diagnosed with pulmonary TB during the study period were identified and compared with 5808 matched patients. In the LAA cohort, 1258 received statin, and 295 received fibrate. Compared with patients who did not take LLA, patients who took oral LLAs had similar incidence of treatment completion at 9, 12, and 24 months. Conclusions Neither statins nor fibrates provide clinical benefit superior to that achieved with standard anti-tuberculosis treatment. Future clinical trials should investigate the effects of statins and fibrates on short-course standard anti-TB therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Tai Chen
- Department of Medicine, Taipei City Hospital Heping Fuyou Branch, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Chen Kuo
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Wen Chao
- School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yea-Yuan Chang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, National Yang-Ming University Hospital, Yilan, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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36
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Sharma S, Bajpai J, Pathak PK, Pradhan A, Singh P, Kant S. Oral tuberculosis - Current concepts. J Family Med Prim Care 2019; 8:1308-1312. [PMID: 31143712 PMCID: PMC6510082 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_97_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a chronic infectious disease that can affect various parts of the body including the oral cavity. It primarily affects the lungs. TB bacilli can spread hematogenously to different parts of the body and this also involves maxilla or mandible. Although oral lesions are infrequent, they are crucial for the early diagnosis and interception of primary TB. Intercepting the disease early will limit the morbidity and mortality of the patients. It becomes the responsibility of the dentist to include TB in the differential diagnosis of suspicious oral lesions to prevent delay in the treatment of the disease. It would not be an exaggeration if the dental identification of the TB lesions has the potential of serving as a significant aid in the first line of control for this hazardous and often fatal disease. This article will also emphasize the advancing role of oral pathologists in making the final diagnosis of this dreaded disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supriya Sharma
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, King George's Medical University (KGMU), Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Jyoti Bajpai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, King George's Medical University (KGMU), Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pankaj K Pathak
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, AIIMS, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - Akshyaya Pradhan
- Department of Cardiology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Priyanka Singh
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, King George's Medical University (KGMU), Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Surya Kant
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, King George's Medical University (KGMU), Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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37
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Mallavarapu BD, Abdullah M, Saxena S, Guruprasad L. Inhibitor binding studies of Mycobacterium tuberculosis MraY (Rv21 56c): Insights from molecular modeling, docking, and simulation studies. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2018; 37:3751-3763. [PMID: 30239262 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2018.1526715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) or tubercule bacillus, and H37Rv is the most studied clinical strain. The recent development of resistance to existing drugs is a global health-care challenge to control and cure TB. Hence, there is a critical need to discover new drug targets in M.tb. The members of peptidoglycan biosynthesis pathway are attractive target proteins for antibacterial drug development. We have performed in silico analysis of M.tb MraY (Rv2156c) integral membrane protein and constructed the three-dimensional (3D) structure model of M.tb MraY based on homology modeling method. The validated model was complexed with antibiotic muraymycin D2 (MD2) and was used to generate structure-based pharmacophore model (e-pharmacophore). High-throughput virtual screening (HTVS) of Asinex database and molecular docking of hits was performed to identify the potential inhibitors based on their mode of interactions with the key residues involved in M.tb MraY-MD2 binding. The validation of these molecules was performed using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations for two best identified hit molecules complexed with M.tb MraY in the lipid bilayer, dipalmitoylphosphatidyl-choline (DPPC) membrane. The results indicated the stability of the complexes formed and retained non-bonding interactions similar to MD2. These findings may help in the design of new inhibitors to M.tb MraY involved in peptidoglycan biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maaged Abdullah
- a School of Chemistry , University of Hyderabad , Hyderabad , India
| | - Shalini Saxena
- a School of Chemistry , University of Hyderabad , Hyderabad , India
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38
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Evolution of Rifampin Resistance in Escherichia coli and Mycobacterium smegmatis Due to Substandard Drugs. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2018; 63:AAC.01243-18. [PMID: 30397062 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01243-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Poor-quality medicines undermine the treatment of infectious diseases, such as tuberculosis, which require months of treatment with rifampin and other drugs. Rifampin resistance is a critical concern for tuberculosis treatment. While subtherapeutic doses of medicine are known to select for antibiotic resistance, the effect of drug degradation products on the evolution of resistance is unknown. Here, we demonstrate that substandard drugs that contain degraded active pharmaceutical ingredients select for gene alterations that confer resistance to standard drugs. We generated drug-resistant Escherichia coli and Mycobacterium smegmatis strains by serially culturing bacteria in the presence of the rifampin degradation product rifampin quinone. We conducted Sanger sequencing to identify mutations in rifampin-resistant populations. Strains resistant to rifampin quinone developed cross-resistance to the standard drug rifampin, with some populations showing no growth inhibition at maximum concentrations of rifampin. Sequencing of the rifampin quinone-treated strains indicated that they acquired mutations in the DNA-dependent RNA polymerase B subunit. These mutations were localized in the rifampin resistance-determining region (RRDR), consistent with other reports of rifampin-resistant E. coli and mycobacteria. Rifampin quinone-treated mycobacteria also had cross-resistance to other rifamycin class drugs, including rifabutin and rifapentine. Our results strongly suggest that substandard drugs not only hinder individual patient outcomes but also restrict future treatment options by actively contributing to the development of resistance to standard medicines.
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39
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Jadhav SB, Fatema S, Bhagat SS, Farooqui M. Thiazolo[3,2‐
a
] Pyrimidones as a Novel Anti‐TB Agents. J Heterocycl Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.3362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sunil B. Jadhav
- Dr Rafiq Zakaria College for Womens Jubliee Park, Navkhanda Aurangabad Maharashtra 431001 India
| | - Samreen Fatema
- Dr Rafiq Zakaria College for Womens Jubliee Park, Navkhanda Aurangabad Maharashtra 431001 India
| | - Sunil S. Bhagat
- R.B. Attal College Ahilya Nagar, Georai Beed Maharashtra 431127 India
| | - Mazahar Farooqui
- Dr Rafiq Zakaria College for Womens Jubliee Park, Navkhanda Aurangabad Maharashtra 431001 India
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40
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Goletti D, Lindestam Arlehamn CS, Scriba TJ, Anthony R, Cirillo DM, Alonzi T, Denkinger CM, Cobelens F. Can we predict tuberculosis cure? What tools are available? Eur Respir J 2018; 52:13993003.01089-2018. [PMID: 30361242 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01089-2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic treatment of tuberculosis takes ≥6 months, putting a major burden on patients and health systems in large parts of the world. Treatment beyond 2 months is needed to prevent tuberculosis relapse by clearing remaining, drug-tolerant Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacilli. However, the majority of patients treated for only 2-3 months will cure without relapse and do not need prolonged treatment. Assays that can identify these patients at an early stage of treatment may significantly help reduce the treatment burden, while a test to identify those patients who will fail treatment may help target host-directed therapies.In this review we summarise the state of the art with regard to discovery of biomarkers that predict relapse-free cure for pulmonary tuberculosis. Positron emission tomography/computed tomography scanning to measure pulmonary inflammation enhances our understanding of "cure". Several microbiological and immunological markers seem promising; however, they still need a formal validation. In parallel, new research strategies are needed to generate reliable tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delia Goletti
- Translational Research Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases "L. Spallanzani" IRCCS, Dept of Epidemiology and Preclinical Research, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Thomas J Scriba
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, and Division of Immunology, Dept of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Richard Anthony
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Daniela Maria Cirillo
- Emerging Bacterial Pathogens Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, HSR, Division of Immunology and Infectious Diseases Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Tonino Alonzi
- Translational Research Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases "L. Spallanzani" IRCCS, Dept of Epidemiology and Preclinical Research, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Frank Cobelens
- Dept of Global Health and Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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41
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Drug targets exploited in Mycobacterium tuberculosis: Pitfalls and promises on the horizon. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 103:1733-1747. [PMID: 29864964 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.04.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis is an ever evolving infectious disease that still claims about 1.8 million human lives each year around the globe. Although modern chemotherapy has played a pivotal role in combating TB, the increasing emergence of drug-resistant TB aligned with HIV pandemic threaten its control. This highlights both the need to understand how our current drugs work and the need to develop new and more effective drugs. TB drug discovery is revisiting the clinically validated drug targets in Mycobacterium tuberculosis using whole-cell phenotypic assays in search of better therapeutic scaffolds. Herein, we review the promises of current TB drug regimens, major pitfalls faced, key drug targets exploited so far in M. tuberculosis along with the status of newly discovered drugs against drug resistant forms of TB. New antituberculosis regimens that use lesser number of drugs, require shorter duration of treatment, are equally effective against susceptible and resistant forms of disease, have acceptable toxicity profiles and behave friendly with anti-HIV regimens remains top most priority in TB drug discovery.
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42
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Tanner L, Denti P, Wiesner L, Warner DF. Drug permeation and metabolism in Mycobacterium tuberculosis: Prioritising local exposure as essential criterion in new TB drug development. IUBMB Life 2018; 70:926-937. [PMID: 29934964 PMCID: PMC6129860 DOI: 10.1002/iub.1866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Anti-tuberculosis (TB) drugs possess diverse abilities to penetrate the different host tissues and cell types in which infecting Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacilli are located during active disease. This is important since there is increasing evidence that the respective "lesion-penetrating" properties of the front-line TB drugs appear to correlate well with their specific activity in standard combination therapy. In turn, these observations suggest that rational efforts to discover novel treatment-shortening drugs and drug combinations should incorporate knowledge about the comparative abilities of both existing and experimental anti-TB agents to access bacilli in defined physiological states at different sites of infection, as well as avoid elimination by efflux or inactivation by host or bacterial metabolism. However, while there is a fundamental requirement to understand the mode of action and pharmacological properties of any current or experimental anti-TB agent within the context of the obligate human host, this is complex and, until recently, has been severely limited by the available methodologies and models. Here, we discuss advances in analytical models and technologies which have enabled investigations of drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics (DMPK) for new TB drug development. In particular, we consider the potential to shift the focus of traditional pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic analyses away from plasma to a more specific "site of action" drug exposure as an essential criterion for drug development and the design of dosing strategies. Moreover, in summarising approaches to determine DMPK data for the "unit of infection" comprising host macrophage and intracellular bacillus, we evaluate the potential benefits of including these analyses at an early stage in the preclinical drug development algorithm. © 2018 IUBMB Life, 70(9):926-937, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lloyd Tanner
- SAMRC/NHLS/UCT Molecular Mycobacteriology Research Unit, Department of Pathology and Institute of Infectious Disease & Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
| | - Paolo Denti
- SAMRC/NHLS/UCT Molecular Mycobacteriology Research Unit, Department of Pathology and Institute of Infectious Disease & Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
| | - Lubbe Wiesner
- SAMRC/NHLS/UCT Molecular Mycobacteriology Research Unit, Department of Pathology and Institute of Infectious Disease & Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
| | - Digby F. Warner
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
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43
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Usmani SS, Bhalla S, Raghava GPS. Prediction of Antitubercular Peptides From Sequence Information Using Ensemble Classifier and Hybrid Features. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:954. [PMID: 30210341 PMCID: PMC6121089 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis is one of the leading cause of death worldwide, particularly due to evolution of drug resistant strains. Antitubercular peptides may provide an alternate approach to combat antibiotic tolerance. Sequence analysis reveals that certain residues (e.g., Lysine, Arginine, Leucine, Tryptophan) are more prevalent in antitubercular peptides. This study describes the models developed for predicting antitubercular peptides by using sequence features of the peptides. We have developed support vector machine based models using different sequence features like amino acid composition, binary profile of terminus residues, dipeptide composition. Our ensemble classifiers that combines models based on amino acid composition and N5C5 binary pattern, achieves highest Acc of 73.20% with 0.80 AUROC on our main dataset. Similarly, the ensemble classifier achieved maximum Acc 75.62% with 0.83 AUROC on secondary dataset. Beside this, hybrid model achieves Acc of 75.87 and 78.54% with 0.83 and 0.86 AUROC on main and secondary dataset, respectively. In order to facilitate scientific community in designing of antitubercular peptides, we implement above models in a user friendly webserver (http://webs.iiitd.edu.in/raghava/antitbpred/).
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Affiliation(s)
- Salman Sadullah Usmani
- Center for Computational Biology, Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology, New Delhi, India.,Bioinformatics Centre, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sherry Bhalla
- Center for Computational Biology, Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology, New Delhi, India
| | - Gajendra P S Raghava
- Center for Computational Biology, Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology, New Delhi, India.,Bioinformatics Centre, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
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44
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Niesteruk A, Jonker HRA, Richter C, Linhard V, Sreeramulu S, Schwalbe H. The domain architecture of PtkA, the first tyrosine kinase from Mycobacterium tuberculosis, differs from the conventional kinase architecture. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:11823-11836. [PMID: 29884774 PMCID: PMC6066317 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra117.000120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 05/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery that MptpA (low-molecular-weight protein tyrosine phosphatase A) from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) has an essential role for Mtb virulence has motivated research of tyrosine-specific phosphorylation in Mtb and other pathogenic bacteria. The phosphatase activity of MptpA is regulated via phosphorylation on Tyr128 and Tyr129 Thus far, only a single tyrosine-specific kinase, protein-tyrosine kinase A (PtkA), encoded by the Rv2232 gene has been identified within the Mtb genome. MptpA undergoes phosphorylation by PtkA. PtkA is an atypical bacterial tyrosine kinase, as its sequence differs from the sequence consensus within this family. The lack of structural information on PtkA hampers the detailed characterization of the MptpA-PtkA interaction. Here, using NMR spectroscopy, we provide a detailed structural characterization of the PtkA architecture and describe its intra- and intermolecular interactions with MptpA. We found that PtkA's domain architecture differs from the conventional kinase architecture and is composed of two domains, the N-terminal highly flexible intrinsically disordered domain (IDDPtkA) and the C-terminal rigid kinase core domain (KCDPtkA). The interaction between the two domains, together with the structural model of the complex proposed in this study, reveal that the IDDPtkA is unstructured and highly dynamic, allowing for a "fly-casting-like" mechanism of transient interactions with the rigid KCDPtkA This interaction modulates the accessibility of the KCDPtkA active site. In general, the structural and functional knowledge of PtkA gained in this study is crucial for understanding the MptpA-PtkA interactions, the catalytic mechanism, and the role of the kinase-phosphatase regulatory system in Mtb virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Niesteruk
- From the Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Centre for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance (BMRZ), Goethe-University Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Hendrik R A Jonker
- From the Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Centre for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance (BMRZ), Goethe-University Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Christian Richter
- From the Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Centre for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance (BMRZ), Goethe-University Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Verena Linhard
- From the Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Centre for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance (BMRZ), Goethe-University Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Sridhar Sreeramulu
- From the Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Centre for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance (BMRZ), Goethe-University Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Harald Schwalbe
- From the Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Centre for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance (BMRZ), Goethe-University Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Karak M, Oishi T, Torikai K. Synthesis of anti-tubercular marine alkaloids denigrins A and B. Tetrahedron Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2018.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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46
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Alluri KK, Reshma RS, Suraparaju R, Gottapu S, Sriram D. Synthesis and evaluation of 4',5'-dihydrospiro[piperidine-4,7'-thieno[2,3-c]pyran] analogues against both active and dormant Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:1462-1469. [PMID: 29501415 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.12.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Revised: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Need for new drugs to fight against tuberculosis (TB) is increasing day by day. In the present work we have taken a spiro compound (GSK 2200150A) reported by GSK as a lead and we modified the structure of the lead to study the antitubercular activity. For structure activity profiling twenty-one molecules have been synthesized, characterized and evaluated for their antimycobacterial potency against both active and dormant TB. Compound 06, 1-((4-methoxyphenyl)sulfonyl)-4',5'-dihydrospiro[piperidine-4,7'-thieno[2,3-c]pyran] was found to be the most potent compound (MIC: 8.23 µM) in active TB and was less effective than the lead but more potent than standard first line drug ethambutol. It was also found to be more efficacious than Isoniazid and Rifampicin and equipotent as Moxifloxacin against dormant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). Compound 06 also showed good inhibitory potential against over expressed latent MTB enzyme lysine ε-amino transferase with an IC50 of 1.04 ± 0.32 µM. This compound is a good candidate for drug development owing to potential against both active and dormant stages of MTB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Kumar Alluri
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology & Science-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad 500078, India
| | - Rudraraju Srilakshmi Reshma
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology & Science-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad 500078, India
| | | | | | - Dharmarajan Sriram
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology & Science-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad 500078, India.
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Trofimov V, Kicka S, Mucaria S, Hanna N, Ramon-Olayo F, Del Peral LVG, Lelièvre J, Ballell L, Scapozza L, Besra GS, Cox JAG, Soldati T. Antimycobacterial drug discovery using Mycobacteria-infected amoebae identifies anti-infectives and new molecular targets. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3939. [PMID: 29500372 PMCID: PMC5834492 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-22228-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis remains a serious threat to human health world-wide, and improved efficiency of medical treatment requires a better understanding of the pathogenesis and the discovery of new drugs. In the present study, we performed a whole-cell based screen in order to complete the characterization of 168 compounds from the GlaxoSmithKline TB-set. We have established and utilized novel previously unexplored host-model systems to characterize the GSK compounds, i.e. the amoeboid organisms D. discoideum and A. castellanii, as well as a microglial phagocytic cell line, BV2. We infected these host cells with Mycobacterium marinum to monitor and characterize the anti-infective activity of the compounds with quantitative fluorescence measurements and high-content microscopy. In summary, 88.1% of the compounds were confirmed as antibiotics against M. marinum, 11.3% and 4.8% displayed strong anti-infective activity in, respectively, the mammalian and protozoan infection models. Additionally, in the two systems, 13–14% of the compounds displayed pro-infective activity. Our studies underline the relevance of using evolutionarily distant pathogen and host models in order to reveal conserved mechanisms of virulence and defence, respectively, which are potential “universal” targets for intervention. Subsequent mechanism of action studies based on generation of over-expresser M. bovis BCG strains, generation of spontaneous resistant mutants and whole genome sequencing revealed four new molecular targets, including FbpA, MurC, MmpL3 and GlpK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Trofimov
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Sébastien Kicka
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sabrina Mucaria
- Pharmaceutical Biochemistry/Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nabil Hanna
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Joël Lelièvre
- GSK, Severo Ochoa 2, 28760 Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lluís Ballell
- GSK, Severo Ochoa 2, 28760 Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Leonardo Scapozza
- Pharmaceutical Biochemistry/Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Gurdyal S Besra
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - Jonathan A G Cox
- School of Life & Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK.
| | - Thierry Soldati
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
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48
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Recent therapeutic approaches for the management of tuberculosis: Challenges and opportunities. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 99:735-745. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.01.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Heravi MM, Lashaki TB, Fattahi B, Zadsirjan V. Application of asymmetric Sharpless aminohydroxylation in total synthesis of natural products and some synthetic complex bio-active molecules. RSC Adv 2018; 8:6634-6659. [PMID: 35559209 PMCID: PMC9092437 DOI: 10.1039/c7ra12625e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
This report illustrates the applications of Asymmetric Sharpless Aminohydroxylation (ASAH) in the stereoselective synthesis of vicinal amino alcohols as important intermediates in the total synthesis of complex molecules and natural products with significant biological activities. The ASHA allows the regio- syn-selective synthesis of 1,2-amino alcohols via reaction of alkenes with salts of N-halosulfonamides, -amides and -carbamates employing osmium tetroxide (OsO4) as an efficient catalyst. In this reaction, chirality is induced via the addition of dihydroquinine- and dihydroquinidine as derived chiral ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid M Heravi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Alzahra University Vanak Tehran Iran
| | | | - Bahareh Fattahi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Alzahra University Vanak Tehran Iran
| | - Vahideh Zadsirjan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Alzahra University Vanak Tehran Iran
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50
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Malikanti R, Vadija R, Veeravarapu H, Mustyala KK, Malkhed V, Vuruputuri U. Identification of small molecular ligands as potent inhibitors of fatty acid metabolism in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J Mol Struct 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2017.08.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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