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Hikmah N, Hidayat M, Permatasari N, Aulanni'am A, Rudijanto A. The effect of cacao bean extracts on the prevention of periodontal tissue breakdown in diabetic rats with orthodontic tooth movements. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res 2024; 14:384-389. [PMID: 38832299 PMCID: PMC11144750 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2024.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Proper management of orthodontic treatment in diabetic patients is essential due to the heightened risk of periodontal tissue breakdown associated with hyperglycemia. Cacao bean extracts (CBE) are known to reduce the inflammatory response and increase synthesis and angiogenesis in periodontitis. Therefore, this study aims to examine the effect of CBE on preventing periodontal tissue breakdown in diabetes with orthodontic force. Methods A total of 25 Wistar rats were divided randomly into 5 groups, including non-diabetes, diabetes, diabetes cacao 125, 250, and 500 mg/kg BW. Diabetic rats were induced with the stratified dose of Streptozotocin, and a 30-g-force from orthodontic device was applied in all groups. Diabetes cacao group was given CBE for 7 days using a gastric probe. GCF samples were used to analyze the eNOS level through the ELISA method. NFκB, Collagen-1, and FGF-2 expression were then assessed using the immunohistochemical method, while the number of fibroblasts and blood vessels was observed using hematoxylin-eosin stained tissue. The data obtained were analyzed with one-way ANOVA and post hoc tests, with p < 0.05. Results CBE at a dose of 250 mg/kg BW significantly increased eNOS level, Collagen-1, and FGF-2 expression, and the number of fibroblasts and blood vessels in diabetes groups. Meanwhile, the treatment decreased NFκB expression in diabetes groups (p < 0.05). Conclusion This study proved that CBE increased periodontal ligament synthesis and angiogenesis and decreased inflammatory response, thereby preventing periodontal tissue breakdown in diabetic rat models with tooth movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuzulul Hikmah
- Doctoral Program in Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
- Department of Dentistry-Biomedical Sciences, Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Jember, Jember, Indonesia
| | - Mohamad Hidayat
- Department of Orthopaedic, Saiful Anwar General Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Nur Permatasari
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Aulanni'am Aulanni'am
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Achmad Rudijanto
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saiful Anwar General Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
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Carneiro BT, de Castro FNAM, Benetti F, Nima G, Suzuki TYU, André CB. Flavonoids effects against bacteria associated to periodontal disease and dental caries: a scoping review. BIOFOULING 2024; 40:99-113. [PMID: 38425046 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2024.2321965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
This scoping review focused on exploring the efficacy of flavonoids against bacteria associated with dental caries and periodontal diseases. Inclusion criteria comprise studies investigating the antibacterial effects of flavonoids against bacteria linked to caries or periodontal diseases, both pure or diluted in vehicle forms. The search, conducted in August 2023, in databases including PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, LILACS, and Gray Literature. Out of the initial 1125 studies, 79 met the inclusion criteria, majority in vitro studies. Prominent flavonoids tested included epigallocatechin-gallate, apigenin, quercetin, and myricetin. Predominant findings consistently pointed to bacteriostatic, bactericidal, and antibiofilm activities. The study primarily investigated bacteria associated with dental caries, followed by periodontopathogens. A higher number of publications presented positive antibacterial results against Streptococcus mutans in comparison to Porphyromonas gingivalis. These encouraging findings underline the potential applicability of commercially available flavonoids in materials or therapies, underscoring the need for further exploration in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Tavares Carneiro
- Departament of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Francine Benetti
- Departament of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Nima
- Departament of Biomaterials, School of Dentistry, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Thais Yumi Umeda Suzuki
- Departament of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Carolina Bosso André
- Departament of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Kariu T, Hamada N, Lakshmyya K. Luteolin inhibits Porphyromonas gingivalis growth and alleviates alveolar bone destruction in experimental murine periodontitis. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2023; 88:37-43. [PMID: 37740573 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbad137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Periodontal disease is a major oral infectious disease that destroys alveolar bones and causes tooth loss. Porphyromonas gingivalis is a key pathogen that plays a crucial role in periodontitis. In our previous study on the anti-P. gingivalis activity of flavonoid, luteolin, a major flavonoid in edible plants, inhibited the proteolytic activity of gingipains, the major virulence factor in P. gingivalis. This study demonstrated luteolin in vitro and in vivo anti-bacterial activities. Thus, luteolin inhibits planktonic growth and biofilm formation in P. gingivalis. Furthermore, oral administration of luteolin alleviated maxillary alveolar bone resorption (ABR) in murine periodontitis induced by P. gingivalis infection. These results indicate that luteolin may be a potential therapeutic compound that targets P. gingivalis by hindering its growth, biofilm formation, and ABR in the oral cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toru Kariu
- Department of Life Science, Shokei University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Nobushiro Hamada
- Department of Oral Microbiology, Kanagawa Dental University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kesavalu Lakshmyya
- Department of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Esquivel-Chirino C, Bolaños-Carrillo MA, Carmona-Ruiz D, Lopéz-Macay A, Hernández-Sánchez F, Montés-Sánchez D, Escuadra-Landeros M, Gaitán-Cepeda LA, Maldonado-Frías S, Yáñez-Ocampo BR, Ventura-Gallegos JL, Laparra-Escareño H, Mejía-Velázquez CP, Zentella-Dehesa A. The Protective Role of Cranberries and Blueberries in Oral Cancer. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2330. [PMID: 37375955 DOI: 10.3390/plants12122330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral cancer has a high prevalence worldwide, and this disease is caused by genetic, immunological, and environmental factors. The main risk factors associated with oral cancer are smoking and alcohol. RESULTS There are various strategies to reduce risk factors, including prevention programs as well as the consumption of an adequate diet that includes phytochemical compounds derived from cranberries (Vaccinium macrocarpon A.) and blueberries (Vaccinium corymbosum L.); these compounds exhibit antitumor properties. RESULTS The main outcome of this review is as follows: the properties of phytochemicals derived from cranberries were evaluated for protection against risk factors associated with oral cancer. CONCLUSIONS The secondary metabolites of cranberries promote biological effects that provide protection against smoking and alcoholism. An alternative for the prevention of oral cancer can be the consumption of these cranberries and blueberries.
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Affiliation(s)
- César Esquivel-Chirino
- Área de Básicas Médicas, División de Estudios Profesionales, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Mario Augusto Bolaños-Carrillo
- Área de Ciencias Naturales, Departamento de Bachillerato, Universidad del Valle de México, Campus Guadalajara Sur, Guadalajara 045601, Mexico
| | - Daniela Carmona-Ruiz
- Área de Ortodoncia, División de Estudios Profesionales, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Ambar Lopéz-Macay
- Laboratorio de Liquído Sinovial, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación LGII, Ciudad de México 14389, Mexico
| | - Fernando Hernández-Sánchez
- Departamento de Virología y Micología, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosío Villegas", Ciudad de México 04502, Mexico
| | - Delina Montés-Sánchez
- Investigación Biomédica Básica, Licenciatura en Estomatología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla 75770, Mexico
| | | | - Luis Alberto Gaitán-Cepeda
- Departamento de Medicina y Patología Oral Clínica, División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Silvia Maldonado-Frías
- Laboratorio de Bioingeniería de Tejidos, División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04360, Mexico
| | - Beatriz Raquel Yáñez-Ocampo
- Especialidad en Periodoncia e Implantología, División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - José Luis Ventura-Gallegos
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Hugo Laparra-Escareño
- Departamento de Cirugía, Sección de Cirugía Vascular y Terapia, Instituto de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México 14080, Mexico
| | - Claudia Patricia Mejía-Velázquez
- Departamento de Patología, Medicina Bucal y Maxilofacial, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Zentella-Dehesa
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
- Unidad de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México 14080, Mexico
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Sanghavi AD, Chopra A, Shah A, Lobo R, Shenoy PA. Antimicrobial, anti-adhesion, anti-biofilm properties of goji berry ( Lycium barbarum) against periodontal bacteria: potential benefits for periodontal diseases. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY & INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2023; 20:129-136. [PMID: 36398568 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2022-0214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Lycium barbarum, commonly known as goji berry, Himalayan berry, or Tibetian berry, is emerging as a popular "superfood" with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. However, its use for the management of oral inflammatory diseases has not been explored. The present study aims to evaluate the antimicrobial, anti-adhesion, anti-biofilm, and cytotoxic properties of an ethanolic extract of L. barbarum (LBE) against common oral and periodontal pathogens. METHODS The antimicrobial properties of LBE against five potential periodontal pathogens (Porphyromonas gingivalis, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Prevotella intermedia, Tanerella forsythia) were tested and compared to chlorhexidine and doxycycline using serial dilution and disc diffusion assay. The MTT Assay was performed for evaluating the cytotoxicity and cell viability of the LBE on the gingival fibroblast and modified keratinocyte cell lines. The anti-adhesion and anti-biofilm properties of LBE against P. gingivalis at its minimal bactericidal value were also assessed. RESULTS LBE inhibited the growth of periodontal pathogens as compared to control, however, the zone of inhibition of LBE was less when compared to doxycycline and chlorhexidine. The de novo extract showed a maximum zone of inhibition against Tf and Aa. The LBE extract was also compatible to gingival fibroblast tissues and oral keratinocytes at 1 mg/mL. CONCLUSIONS L. barbarum is a promising alternative to Chlorhexidine for the management of oral and periodontal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amee Dilip Sanghavi
- Department of Periodontology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Aditi Chopra
- Department of Periodontology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Ashmeet Shah
- Department of Periodontology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Richard Lobo
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Padmaja A Shenoy
- Department of Microbiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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Chen H, Wang W, Yu S, Wang H, Tian Z, Zhu S. Procyanidins and Their Therapeutic Potential against Oral Diseases. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27092932. [PMID: 35566283 PMCID: PMC9104295 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Procyanidins, as a kind of dietary flavonoid, have excellent pharmacological properties, such as antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor properties, and so they can be used to treat various diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease, diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, tumors, and obesity. Given the low bioavailability of procyanidins, great efforts have been made in drug delivery systems to address their limited use. Nowadays, the heavy burden of oral diseases such as dental caries, periodontitis, endodontic infections, etc., and their consequences on the patients’ quality of life indicate a strong need for developing effective therapies. Recent years, plenty of efforts are being made to develop more effective treatments. Therefore, this review summarized the latest researches on versatile effects and enhanced bioavailability of procyanidins resulting from innovative drug delivery systems, particularly focused on its potential against oral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Chen
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (H.C.); (S.Y.); (H.W.); (Z.T.)
| | - Wanyu Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China;
| | - Shiyang Yu
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (H.C.); (S.Y.); (H.W.); (Z.T.)
| | - Huimin Wang
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (H.C.); (S.Y.); (H.W.); (Z.T.)
| | - Zilu Tian
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (H.C.); (S.Y.); (H.W.); (Z.T.)
| | - Song Zhu
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (H.C.); (S.Y.); (H.W.); (Z.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-135-7878-5725
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Nowaczyk PM, Bajerska J, Lasik-Kurdyś M, Radziejewska-Kubzdela E, Szwengiel A, Woźniewicz M. The effect of cranberry juice and a cranberry functional beverage on the growth and metabolic activity of selected oral bacteria. BMC Oral Health 2021; 21:660. [PMID: 34930215 PMCID: PMC8686276 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-021-02025-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The oral microbiota is a significant risk indicator for oral diseases, such as dental caries and periodontal inflammation. Much attention is presently paid to the development of functional foods (e.g. beverages containing cranberry constituents, or foods containing probiotics) that may serve as adjuncts for oral disease treatments (e.g. periodontitis and caries). Cranberry fruit, due to its unique chemical composition and antimicrobial potential, is a possible ingredient of such foods. The study aimed to investigate the effects of cranberry juice (CJ) and a cranberry functional beverage (mixture of 80% v/v apple juice, 20% v/v cranberry juice, and 0.25 g/100 mL ground cinnamon; CFB) on the growth and metabolic activity of selected oral bacteria. METHODS Serial dilution pour plate method (SDPP) was used to examine the effect of CJ and CFB on the growth of Actinomyces naeslundii, Streptococcus mutans, and Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei. 48-h electrical impedance measurements (EIM) during the cultivation of A. naeslundii were applied to evaluate the utility of the method as a rapid alternative for the assessment of the antimicrobial potential of cranberry beverages. RESULTS The tested bacteria differed in their susceptibility to the antimicrobial action of CJ and CFB, with L. paracasei subsp. paracasei being least vulnerable to CFB (according to SDPP). Although CJ at a concentration of 0.5 mL/mL, showed a bactericidal effect on the growth of S. mutans, A. naeslundii was more sensitive to CJ (SDPP). Its inhibitory effect on A. naeslundii was seen even at concentrations as small as 0.03125-0.125 mL/mL (SDPP and EIM). On the other hand, S. mutans seemed to be more vulnerable to CFB than A. naeslundii (SDPP). CONCLUSIONS CFB may be considered an adjunct in the treatment of oral diseases due to its action against selected oral pathogens, and not against the presumably beneficial L. paracasei subsp. paracasei. Bioelectrical impedance measurements appear to be a quick alternative to evaluating the antimicrobial activity of fruit beverages, but their utility should be confirmed with tests on other bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina M Nowaczyk
- Department of Sports Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Poznan University of Physical Education, Królowej Jadwigi 27/39, 61-871, Poznan, Poland
| | - Joanna Bajerska
- Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Food Sciences and Nutrition, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 31, 60-624, Poznań, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Lasik-Kurdyś
- Department of Food Technology of Plant Origin, Faculty of Food Sciences and Nutrition, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 31, 60-624, Poznań, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Radziejewska-Kubzdela
- Department of Food Technology of Plant Origin, Faculty of Food Sciences and Nutrition, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 31, 60-624, Poznań, Poland
| | - Artur Szwengiel
- Department of Food Technology of Plant Origin, Faculty of Food Sciences and Nutrition, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 31, 60-624, Poznań, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Woźniewicz
- Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Food Sciences and Nutrition, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 31, 60-624, Poznań, Poland.
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Pellerin G, Bazinet L, Grenier D. Effect of cranberry juice deacidification on its antibacterial activity against periodontal pathogens and its anti-inflammatory properties in an oral epithelial cell model. Food Funct 2021; 12:10470-10483. [PMID: 34554173 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo01552d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Cranberries are widely recognized as a functional food that can promote oral health. However, the high concentration of organic acids in cranberry juice can cause tooth enamel erosion. Electrodialysis with bipolar membrane (EDBM) is a process used for the deacidification of cranberry juice. The present study investigated whether the removal of organic acids (0%, 19%, 42%, 60%, and 79%) from cranberry juice by EDBM affects its antibacterial activity against major periodontopathogens as well as its anti-inflammatory properties in an oral epithelial cell model. A deacidification rate ≥60% attenuated the bactericidal effect against planktonic and biofilm-embedded Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans but had no impact on Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum. Cranberry juice increased the adherence of A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis to oral epithelial cells, but reduced the adherence of F. nucleatum by half regardless of the deacidification rate. F. nucleatum produced more hydrogen sulfide when it was exposed to deacidified cranberry juice with a deacidification rate ≥42% compared to the raw beverage. Interestingly, the removal of organic acids from cranberry juice lowered the cytotoxicity of the beverage for oral epithelial cells. Deacidification attenuated the anti-inflammatory effect of cranberry juice in an in vitro oral epithelial cell model. The secretion of IL-6 by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated oral epithelial cells exposed to cranberry juice increased proportionally with the deacidification rate. No such effect was observed with respect to the production of IL-8. This study provided evidence that organic acids, just like phenolic compounds, might contribute to the health benefits of cranberry juice against periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geneviève Pellerin
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF) and Department of Food Sciences, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada G1V 0A6.,Laboratoire de Transformation Alimentaire et Procédés Électro-Membranaires (LTAPEM, Laboratory of Food Processing and Electromembrane Processes), Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada G1V 0A6.
| | - Laurent Bazinet
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF) and Department of Food Sciences, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada G1V 0A6.,Laboratoire de Transformation Alimentaire et Procédés Électro-Membranaires (LTAPEM, Laboratory of Food Processing and Electromembrane Processes), Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada G1V 0A6.
| | - Daniel Grenier
- Oral Ecology Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada G1V 0A6.
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Elnagdy S, Raptopoulos M, Kormas I, Pedercini A, Wolff LF. Local Oral Delivery Agents with Anti-Biofilm Properties for the Treatment of Periodontitis and Peri-Implantitis. A Narrative Review. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26185661. [PMID: 34577132 PMCID: PMC8467993 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26185661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite many discoveries over the past 20 years regarding the etiopathogenesis of periodontal and peri-implant diseases, as well as significant advances in our understanding of microbial biofilms, the incidence of these pathologies continues to rise. For this reason, it was clear that other strategies were needed to eliminate biofilms. In this review, the literature database was searched for studies on locally delivered synthetic agents that exhibit anti-biofilm properties and their potential use in the treatment of two important oral diseases: periodontitis and peri-implantitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shorouk Elnagdy
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Developmental and Surgical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (M.R.); (I.K.); (A.P.); (L.F.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-612-481-8904
| | - Michail Raptopoulos
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Developmental and Surgical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (M.R.); (I.K.); (A.P.); (L.F.W.)
| | - Ioannis Kormas
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Developmental and Surgical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (M.R.); (I.K.); (A.P.); (L.F.W.)
- Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, Texas A&M University, Dallas, TX 75246, USA
| | - Alessandro Pedercini
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Developmental and Surgical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (M.R.); (I.K.); (A.P.); (L.F.W.)
| | - Larry F. Wolff
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Developmental and Surgical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (M.R.); (I.K.); (A.P.); (L.F.W.)
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Nawrot-Hadzik I, Matkowski A, Kubasiewicz-Ross P, Hadzik J. Proanthocyanidins and Flavan-3-ols in the Prevention and Treatment of Periodontitis-Immunomodulatory Effects, Animal and Clinical Studies. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13010239. [PMID: 33467650 PMCID: PMC7830097 DOI: 10.3390/nu13010239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper continues the systematic review on proanthocyanidins and flavan-3-ols in the prevention and treatment of periodontal disease and covers the immunomodulatory effects, and animal- and clinical studies, while the other part discussed the direct antibacterial properties. Inflammation as a major response of the periodontal tissues attacked by pathogenic microbes can significantly exacerbate the condition. However, the bidirectional activity of phytochemicals that simultaneously inhibit bacterial proliferation and proinflammatory signaling can provide a substantial alleviation of both cause and symptoms. The modulatory effects on various aspects of inflammatory and overall immune response are covered, including confirmed and postulated mechanisms of action, structure activity relationships and molecular targets. Further, the clinical relevance of flavan-3-ols and available outcomes from clinical studies is analyzed and discussed. Among the numerous natural sources of flavan-3-ols and proanthocyanidins the most promising are, similarly to antibacterial properties, constituents of various foods, such as fruits of Vaccinium species, tea leaves, grape seeds, and tannin-rich medicinal herbs. Despite a vast amount of in vitro and cell-based evidence of immunomodulatory there are still only a few animal and clinical studies. Most of the reports, regardless of the used model, indicated the efficiency of these phytochemicals from cranberries and other Vaccinium species and tea extracts (green or black). Other sources such as grape seeds and traditional medicinal plants, were seldom. In conclusion, the potential of flavan-3-ols and their derivatives in prevention and alleviation of periodontal disease is remarkable but clinical evidence is urgently needed for issuing credible dietary recommendation and complementary treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Nawrot-Hadzik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology and Botany, Wroclaw Medical University, 50556 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Adam Matkowski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology and Botany, Wroclaw Medical University, 50556 Wroclaw, Poland;
- Correspondence:
| | - Paweł Kubasiewicz-Ross
- Department of Dental Surgery, Wroclaw Medical University, 50425 Wroclaw, Poland; (P.K.-R.); (J.H.)
| | - Jakub Hadzik
- Department of Dental Surgery, Wroclaw Medical University, 50425 Wroclaw, Poland; (P.K.-R.); (J.H.)
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Ben Lagha A, Azelmat J, Vaillancourt K, Grenier D. A polyphenolic cinnamon fraction exhibits anti-inflammatory properties in a monocyte/macrophage model. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0244805. [PMID: 33439867 PMCID: PMC7806150 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0244805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontal diseases are bacteria-induced inflammatory disorders that lead to the destruction of the tooth-supporting tissues. Active compounds endowed with a capacity to regulate the inflammatory response are regarded as potential therapeutic agents for the treatment of periodontal diseases. The aim of this study was to characterize the anti-inflammatory properties of a polyphenolic cinnamon fraction. Chromatographic and mass spectrometry analyses of the polyphenolic composition of the cinnamon fraction revealed that phenolic acids, flavonoids (flavonols, anthocyanins, flavan-3-ols), and procyanidins make up 9.22%, 0.72%, and 10.63% of the cinnamon fraction, respectively. We used a macrophage model stimulated with lipopolysaccharides (LPS) from either Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans or Escherichia coli to show that the cinnamon fraction dose-dependently reduced IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α secretion. Evidence was brought that this inhibition of cytokine secretion may result from the ability of the fraction to prevent LPS-induced NF-κB activation. We also showed that the cinnamon fraction reduces LPS binding to monocytes, which may contribute to its anti-inflammatory properties. Lastly, using a competitor assay, it was found that the cinnamon fraction may represent a natural PPAR-γ ligand. Within the limitations of this in vitro study, the cinnamon fraction was shown to exhibit a therapeutic potential for the treatment of periodontal diseases due to its anti-inflammatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amel Ben Lagha
- Oral Ecology Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Jabrane Azelmat
- Oral Ecology Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Katy Vaillancourt
- Oral Ecology Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Daniel Grenier
- Oral Ecology Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Proanthocyanidins and Flavan-3-Ols in the Prevention and Treatment of Periodontitis-Antibacterial Effects. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13010165. [PMID: 33430257 PMCID: PMC7825738 DOI: 10.3390/nu13010165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavan-3-ols and their oligomeric forms called proanthocyanidins are polyphenolic compounds occurring in several foodstuffs and in many medicinal herbs. Their consumption is associated with numerous health benefits. They exhibit antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, cytoprotective, as well as antimicrobial activity. The latter property is important in the prevention and treatment of periodontal diseases. Periodontitis is a multifactorial polymicrobial infection characterized by a destructive inflammatory process affecting the periodontium. Using non-toxic and efficient natural products such as flavanol derivatives can significantly contribute to alleviating periodontitis symptoms and preventing the disease’s progress. Therefore, a comprehensive systematic review of proanthocyanidins and flavan-3-ols in the prevention and treatment of periodontitis was performed. The present paper reviews the direct antibacterial effects of these compounds against periodontic pathogens. The immunomodulatory effects, including animal and clinical studies, are included in a separate, parallel article. There is significant evidence supporting the importance of the antibacterial action exerted by proanthocyanidins from edible fruits, tea, and medicinal herbs in the inhibition of periodontitis-causing pathogens.
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Ben Lagha A, Howell A, Grenier D. Highbush blueberry proanthocyanidins alleviate Porphyromonas gingivalis-induced deleterious effects on oral mucosal cells. Anaerobe 2020; 65:102266. [PMID: 32871243 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2020.102266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Strong evidence points to Porphyromonas gingivalis, a Gram-negative anaerobic bacterium, as a keystone species in the development of the chronic form of periodontitis. The aim of the present study was to investigate the ability of highbush blueberry proanthocyanidins (PACs) to alleviate the P. gingivalis-induced deleterious effects on oral mucosal cells. We first showed that highbush blueberry PACs protect the integrity of the gingival keratinocyte barrier against P. gingivalis-mediated damage, as determined by measuring the transepithelial electrical resistance and paracellular flux of FITC-conjugated dextran. Moreover, the PACs prevented the translocation of P. gingivalis across the gingival keratinocyte barrier model. The proteinase activity of P. gingivalis was inhibited by the PACs suggesting that they may exert beneficial effects by reducing proteolytic degradation of the epithelial tight junctions. Regulation of gingival fibroblast inflammatory reactions may be one of the ways to prevent and control periodontal disease progression and severity. We showed that PACs significantly reduce IL-6 and IL-8 secretion by P. gingivalis-stimulated gingival fibroblasts. The present study showed the capacity of highbush blueberry PACs to protect the integrity of an in vitro model of gingival keratinocyte barrier against P. gingivalis, and to attenuate the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines by gingival fibroblasts infected with P. gingivalis. These results suggest beneficial effects of blueberry PACs thus supporting the need for future clinical trials on the potential of these bioactive molecules for periodontal disease prevention and/or treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amel Ben Lagha
- Oral Ecology Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Amy Howell
- Marucci Center for Blueberry and Cranberry Research, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Chatsworth, NJ, USA
| | - Daniel Grenier
- Oral Ecology Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada.
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Mountcastle SE, Cox SC, Sammons RL, Jabbari S, Shelton RM, Kuehne SA. A review of co-culture models to study the oral microenvironment and disease. J Oral Microbiol 2020; 12:1773122. [PMID: 32922679 PMCID: PMC7448840 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2020.1773122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Co-cultures allow for the study of cell-cell interactions between different eukaryotic species or with bacteria. Such an approach has enabled researchers to more closely mimic complex tissue structures. This review is focused on co-culture systems modelling the oral cavity, which have been used to evaluate this unique cellular environment and understand disease progression. Over time, these systems have developed significantly from simple 2D eukaryotic cultures and planktonic bacteria to more complex 3D tissue engineered structures and biofilms. Careful selection and design of the co-culture along with critical parameters, such as seeding density and choice of analysis method, have resulted in several advances. This review provides a comparison of existing co-culture systems for the oral environment, with emphasis on progression of 3D models and the opportunity to harness techniques from other fields to improve current methods. While filling a gap in navigating this literature, this review ultimately supports the development of this vital technique in the field of oral biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie E Mountcastle
- EPSRC Centre for Doctoral Training in Physical Sciences for Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- School of Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Sophie C Cox
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Sara Jabbari
- School of Mathematics, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Sarah A Kuehne
- School of Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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15
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New Evidences of Antibacterial Effects of Cranberry Against Periodontal Pathogens. Foods 2020; 9:foods9020246. [PMID: 32102416 PMCID: PMC7074180 DOI: 10.3390/foods9020246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The worrying rise in antibiotic resistances emphasizes the need to seek new approaches for treating and preventing periodontal diseases. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial and anti-biofilm activity of cranberry in a validated in vitro biofilm model. After chemical characterization of a selected phenolic-rich cranberry extract, its values for minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration were calculated for the six bacteria forming the biofilm (Streptococcus oralis, Actinomyces naeslundii, Veillonella parvula, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans). Antibacterial activity of the cranberry extract in the formed biofilm was evaluated by assessing the reduction in bacteria viability, using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) combined with propidium monoazide (PMA), and by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), and anti-biofilm activity by studying the inhibition of the incorporation of different bacteria species in biofilms formed in the presence of the cranberry extract, using qPCR and CLSM. In planktonic state, bacteria viability was significantly reduced by cranberry (p < 0.05). When growing in biofilms, a significant effect was observed against initial and early colonizers (S. oralis (p ≤ 0.017), A. naeslundii (p = 0.006) and V. parvula (p = 0.010)) after 30 or 60 s of exposure, while no significant effects were detected against periodontal pathogens (F. nucleatum, P. gingivalis or A. actinomycetemcomitans (p > 0.05)). Conversely, cranberry significantly (p < 0.001 in all cases) interfered with the incorporation of five of the six bacteria species during the development of 6 h-biofilms, including P. gingivalis, A. actinomycetemcomitans, and F. nucleatum. It was concluded that cranberry had a moderate antibacterial effect against periodontal pathogens in biofilms, but relevant anti-biofilm properties, by affecting bacteria adhesion in the first 6 h of development of biofilms.
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Nowacka M, Wiktor A, Anuszewska A, Dadan M, Rybak K, Witrowa-Rajchert D. The application of unconventional technologies as pulsed electric field, ultrasound and microwave-vacuum drying in the production of dried cranberry snacks. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2019; 56:1-13. [PMID: 31101243 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2019.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A lot of effort is put to decrease the energy consumption of drying. This effect might be achieved by shift of a drying technology e.g. from a hot-air to a microwave-vacuum method. Moreover, an unconventional pre-treatment such as ultrasound or pulsed electric field may modify a cellular tissue, what influences drying kinetics of plant tissue. The aim of the study was to analyse the quality of microwave-vacuum dried, osmodehydrated (OD) cranberries processed by the means of blanching and ultrasound (US) or blanching followed by pulsed electric field and sonication (PEF + US) in comparison to traditionally treated material. Physical, chemical and sensorial properties of cranberry fruits were assessed. What is more, the impact of aforementioned unconventional treatments on the kinetics of microwave-vacuum dried cranberries was studied. Microwave-vacuum drying process was very short (25-38 min) in comparison to convective drying, which lasted several hours (13.2 h). Most of the samples subjected to US and PEF + US treatments before OD and drying were characterized by similar or a higher amount of bioactive compounds such as polyphenols, anthocyanins and flavonoids, and better colour and taste, as compared to cut osmodehydrated cranberry fruits subjected to convective drying (reference samples).
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Nowacka
- Department of Food Engineering and Process Management, Faculty of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159c, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Artur Wiktor
- Department of Food Engineering and Process Management, Faculty of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159c, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Aleksandra Anuszewska
- Department of Food Engineering and Process Management, Faculty of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159c, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Dadan
- Department of Food Engineering and Process Management, Faculty of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159c, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Rybak
- Department of Food Engineering and Process Management, Faculty of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159c, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dorota Witrowa-Rajchert
- Department of Food Engineering and Process Management, Faculty of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159c, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
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17
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Smida I, Pentelescu C, Pentelescu O, Sweidan A, Oliviero N, Meuric V, Martin B, Colceriu L, Bonnaure‐Mallet M, Tamanai‐Shacoori Z. Benefits of sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides) pulp oil‐based mouthwash on oral health. J Appl Microbiol 2019; 126:1594-1605. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.14210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- I. Smida
- INSERM U 1241 INRA Université de Rennes 1 Université Bretagne Loire Nutrition Metabolism and Cancer Rennes France
| | - C. Pentelescu
- Odontology Department School of Dentistry University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hatieganu” Cluj‐Napoca Romania
| | - O. Pentelescu
- Department of Animal Science University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj‐Napoca Romania
| | - A. Sweidan
- INSERM U 1241 INRA Université de Rennes 1 Université Bretagne Loire Nutrition Metabolism and Cancer Rennes France
| | - N. Oliviero
- INSERM U 1241 INRA Université de Rennes 1 Université Bretagne Loire Nutrition Metabolism and Cancer Rennes France
| | - V. Meuric
- INSERM U 1241 INRA Université de Rennes 1 Université Bretagne Loire Nutrition Metabolism and Cancer Rennes France
- CHU Rennes Rennes France
| | - B. Martin
- INSERM U 1241 INRA Université de Rennes 1 Université Bretagne Loire Nutrition Metabolism and Cancer Rennes France
| | - L. Colceriu
- Odontology Department School of Dentistry University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hatieganu” Cluj‐Napoca Romania
| | - M. Bonnaure‐Mallet
- INSERM U 1241 INRA Université de Rennes 1 Université Bretagne Loire Nutrition Metabolism and Cancer Rennes France
- CHU Rennes Rennes France
| | - Z. Tamanai‐Shacoori
- INSERM U 1241 INRA Université de Rennes 1 Université Bretagne Loire Nutrition Metabolism and Cancer Rennes France
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18
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Moore K, Howard L, Brownmiller C, Gu I, Lee SO, Mauromoustakos A. Inhibitory effects of cranberry polyphenol and volatile extracts on nitric oxide production in LPS activated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Food Funct 2019; 10:7091-7102. [DOI: 10.1039/c9fo01500k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cranberry volatiles have received little attention for health-promoting properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie Moore
- Department of Food Science
- University of Arkansas
- Fayetteville
- USA
| | - Luke Howard
- Department of Food Science
- University of Arkansas
- Fayetteville
- USA
| | | | - Inah Gu
- Department of Food Science
- University of Arkansas
- Fayetteville
- USA
| | - Sun-Ok Lee
- Department of Food Science
- University of Arkansas
- Fayetteville
- USA
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19
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Kuang X, Chen V, Xu X. Novel Approaches to the Control of Oral Microbial Biofilms. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:6498932. [PMID: 30687755 PMCID: PMC6330817 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6498932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Effective management of biofilm-related oral infectious diseases is a global challenge. Oral biofilm presents increased resistance to antimicrobial agents and elevated virulence compared with planktonic bacteria. Antimicrobial agents, such as chlorhexidine, have proven effective in the disruption/inhibition of oral biofilm. However, the challenge of precisely and continuously eliminating the specific pathogens without disturbing the microbial ecology still exists, which is a major factor in determining the virulence of a multispecies microbial consortium and the consequent development of oral infectious diseases. Therefore, several novel approaches are being developed to inhibit biofilm virulence without necessarily inducing microbial dysbiosis of the oral cavity. Nanoparticles, such as pH-responsive enzyme-mimic nanoparticles, have been developed to specifically target the acidic niches within the oral biofilm where tooth demineralization readily occurs, in effect controlling dental caries. Quaternary ammonium salts (QAS) such as dimethylaminododecyl methacrylate (DMADDM), when incorporated into dental adhesives or resin composite, have also shown excellent and durable antimicrobial activity and thus could effectively inhibit the occurrence of secondary caries. In addition, custom-designed small molecules, natural products and their derivatives, as well as basic amino acids such as arginine, have demonstrated ecological effects by modulating the virulence of the oral biofilm without universally killing the commensal bacteria, indicating a promising approach to the management of oral infectious diseases such as dental caries and periodontal diseases. This article aims to introduce these novel approaches that have shown potential in the control of oral biofilm. These methods may be utilized in the near future to effectively promote the clinical management of oral infectious diseases and thus benefit oral health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Kuang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | | | - Xin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
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20
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Efficacy of Proanthocyanidins from Pelargonium sidoides Root Extract in Reducing P. gingivalis Viability While Preserving Oral Commensal S. salivarius. MATERIALS 2018; 11:ma11091499. [PMID: 30135370 PMCID: PMC6164244 DOI: 10.3390/ma11091499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial resistance to antibiotics and the disruption of beneficial microbiota are key problems in contemporary medicine and make the search for new, more efficient infection treatment strategies among the most important tasks in medicine. Multicomponent plant-derived preparations with mild antibacterial activity created by many simultaneous mechanisms together with anti-inflammatory, innate immune and regenerative capacity-stimulating properties are good candidates for this therapy, and proanthocyanidins are among the most promising compounds of this sort. In this study, we have isolated proanthocyanidins from Pelargonium sidoides DC root extract and characterized and compared the composition, antioxidant properties and antibacterial activity of the proanthocyanidin fraction with those of the whole extract. The results revealed that proanthocyanidins had significantly stronger antioxidant capacity compared to the root extract and exhibited a unique antibacterial action profile that selectively targets Gram-negative keystone periodontal and peri-implant pathogenic strains, such as Porphyromonas gingivalis, while preserving the viability of beneficial oral commensal Streptococcus salivarius. The finding suggests that proanthocyanidins from Pelargonium sidoides root extract are good candidates for the prolonged and harmless treatment of infectious diseases.
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21
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Woźniewicz M, Nowaczyk PM, Kurhańska-Flisykowska A, Wyganowska-Świątkowska M, Lasik-Kurdyś M, Walkowiak J, Bajerska J. Consumption of cranberry functional beverage reduces gingival index and plaque index in patients with gingivitis. Nutr Res 2018; 58:36-45. [PMID: 30340813 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2018.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Periodontal disease is highly prevalent worldwide, and consumption of certain foods, such as fruits, seem to improve the effectiveness of periodontal therapy (PT) due to their antiadhesive, immunomodulatory, and antioxidative properties. We hypothesized that the cranberry functional beverage (CFB) consumed for eight weeks improves gingival inflammation indices via inhibition of dental plaque, and alterations in antioxidant status, and systemic inflammation in patients with gingivitis. In this two-arm randomized controlled study, fifty participants were divided into an experimental group (CFB), administered daily with 750 ml CFB, or a control group administered the same amount of water. All patients underwent nonsurgical PT prior to the intervention. Gingival (GI) and bleeding on probing (BoP) indices of inflammation, plaque (PI) and approximal plaque (API) indices of dental plaque deposition, saliva and serum total antioxidant status (TAS), serum malonylodialdehyde level (MDA), and interleukin 1-beta level (IL-1beta) were measured pre- and postintervention. A risk of caries development was determined by Streptococcus mutans (SM) and Lactobacillus spp. (LAB) counts in supragingival dental plaque. Changes in GI and PI but not BoP and API were significantly more pronounced in the CFB group compared to the control group. Serum or saliva TAS, IL-1beta, and MDA did not differ between groups. The number of SM reduced in CFB, but not in the control group. We demonstrated that the consumption of CFB improves gingival and plaque indices without posing a risk of caries development. Thus CFB can be recommended as a safe adjunct for nonsurgical PT in patients with gingivitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Woźniewicz
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poland.
| | - Paulina M Nowaczyk
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poland
| | | | | | - Małgorzata Lasik-Kurdyś
- Institute of Food Technology of Plant Origin, Department of Fermentation and Biosynthesis, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poland
| | - Jarosław Walkowiak
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Metabolic Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poland
| | - Joanna Bajerska
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poland
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Esteban-Fernández A, Zorraquín-Peña I, Ferrer MD, Mira A, Bartolomé B, González de Llano D, Moreno-Arribas MV. Inhibition of Oral Pathogens Adhesion to Human Gingival Fibroblasts by Wine Polyphenols Alone and in Combination with an Oral Probiotic. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:2071-2082. [PMID: 29464948 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b05466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Several benefits have been described for red wine polyphenols and probiotic strains in the promotion of colonic metabolism and health. On the contrary, knowledge about their role in the management of oral health is still scarce. In this work, the antiadhesive capacity of selected red wine polyphenols and oenological extracts against the oral pathogens Porphyromonas gingivalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Streptococcus mutans in an in vitro model of human gingival fibroblasts has been explored as well as their complementary action with the candidate oral probiotic Streptococcus dentisani. Results highlighted the antiadhesive capacity of caffeic and p-coumaric acids as well as grape seed and red wine oenological extracts. Both, caffeic and p-coumaric acids increased their inhibition potential against S. mutans adhesion when combined with S. dentisani. Additionally, UHPLC-MS/MS analysis demonstrated the oral metabolism of wine phenolics due to both, cellular and bacterial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adelaida Esteban-Fernández
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL) , CSIC-UAM , c/Nicolás Cabrera, 9 , 28049 Madrid , Spain
| | - Irene Zorraquín-Peña
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL) , CSIC-UAM , c/Nicolás Cabrera, 9 , 28049 Madrid , Spain
| | - Maria D Ferrer
- Department of Health and Genomics, Center for Advanced Research in Public Health , FISABIO Foundation , 46020 Valencia , Spain
- CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health , 28029 Madrid , Spain
| | - Alex Mira
- Department of Health and Genomics, Center for Advanced Research in Public Health , FISABIO Foundation , 46020 Valencia , Spain
- CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health , 28029 Madrid , Spain
| | - Begoña Bartolomé
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL) , CSIC-UAM , c/Nicolás Cabrera, 9 , 28049 Madrid , Spain
| | - Dolores González de Llano
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL) , CSIC-UAM , c/Nicolás Cabrera, 9 , 28049 Madrid , Spain
| | - M Victoria Moreno-Arribas
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL) , CSIC-UAM , c/Nicolás Cabrera, 9 , 28049 Madrid , Spain
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23
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Esteban-Fernández A, Zorraquín-Peña I, González de Llano D, Bartolomé B, Moreno-Arribas MV. The role of wine and food polyphenols in oral health. Trends Food Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2017.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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24
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Shahidi M, Vaziri F, Haerian A, Farzanegan A, Jafari S, Sharifi R, Shirazi FS. Proliferative and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Resveratrol and Silymarin on Human Gingival Fibroblasts: A View to the Future. JOURNAL OF DENTISTRY (TEHRAN, IRAN) 2017; 14:203-211. [PMID: 29285030 PMCID: PMC5745224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES It has been demonstrated that polyphenol components such as silymarin and resveratrol have anti-inflammatory properties. Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease that leads to the breakdown of dental supporting tissues and tooth loss. The purpose of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of silymarin and resveratrol on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory response in human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs). MATERIALS AND METHODS HGFs were treated with different concentrations of silymarin and/or resveratrol (25, 50, 100 and 200μg/ml). The effects of silymarin and resveratrol on cell viability and proliferation were assessed by MTT assay and cell cycle analysis, respectively. Also, HGFs were treated with silymarin and/or resveratrol and were stimulated with LPS. The levels of Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-8 were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS After treatment with silymarin, the viability of fibroblasts significantly increased, whereas treatment with resveratrol did not have any significant effect on cell viability. However, the combination of these flavonoids (50μg/ml silymarin and 100μg/ml resveratrol) significantly increased the viability of fibroblasts. Resveratrol significantly inhibited LPS-induced IL-6 and IL-8 secretion by HGFs, but silymarin did not show such a significant effect. CONCLUSIONS The findings of the present study demonstrated the anti-inflammatory effects of resveratrol and its combination with silymarin. Therefore, the combination of silymarin and resveratrol may be useful as a therapeutic agent for treatment of periodontal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minoo Shahidi
- Assistant Professor, Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Department of Hematology, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Vaziri
- Assistant Professor, Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Ahmad Haerian
- Professor, Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Amir Farzanegan
- Postgraduate Student, Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran,Corresponding author: A. Farzanegan, Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran,
| | - Soudeh Jafari
- Assistant Professor, Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roya Sharifi
- Assistant Professor, Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Sadeghi Shirazi
- MSc Student, Department of Hematology, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Gerits E, Verstraeten N, Michiels J. New approaches to combat Porphyromonas gingivalis biofilms. J Oral Microbiol 2017; 9:1300366. [PMID: 28473880 PMCID: PMC5405727 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2017.1300366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In nature, bacteria predominantly reside in structured, surface-attached communities embedded in a self-produced, extracellular matrix. These so-called biofilms play an important role in the development and pathogenesis of many infections, as they are difficult to eradicate due to their resistance to antimicrobials and host defense mechanisms. This review focusses on the biofilm-forming periodontal bacterium Porphyromonas gingivalis. Current knowledge on the virulence mechanisms underlying P. gingivalis biofilm formation is presented. In addition, oral infectious diseases in which P. gingivalis plays a key role are described, and an overview of conventional and new therapies for combating P. gingivalis biofilms is given. More insight into this intriguing pathogen might direct the development of better strategies to combat oral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelien Gerits
- Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, KU Leuven, Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Natalie Verstraeten
- Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, KU Leuven, Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan Michiels
- Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, KU Leuven, Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, Leuven, Belgium
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Kariu T, Nakao R, Ikeda T, Nakashima K, Potempa J, Imamura T. Inhibition of gingipains and Porphyromonas gingivalis growth and biofilm formation by prenyl flavonoids. J Periodontal Res 2017; 52:89-96. [PMID: 26957413 PMCID: PMC5199630 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Porphyromonas gingivalis is considered a major pathogen of chronic periodontitis, which also may be implicated with systemic diseases such as atherosclerosis. Secreted cysteine proteases, gingipains Rgp and Kgp, are essential for P. gingivalis virulence. Some polyphenols and flavonoids are known to inhibit gingipain activity and interfere with biofilm formation by P. gingivalis. Many bioactive compounds have been isolated from Epimedium species, but availability of these compounds on gingipains and P. gingivalis is still unclear. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate natural products from medical plants to develop a new therapeutic agent against periodontal disease. MATERIAL AND METHODS Prenylated flavonoids were isolated from Epimedium species plant using column chromatographies. The inhibitory effect of the prenylated flavonoids against protease activity of gingipains were examined using purified gingipains and fluorogenic substrates. Anti-P. gingivalis activity was evaluated to analyze planktonic growth and biofilm formation in brain heart infusion medium in the presence of the prenylated flavonoids. RESULTS We isolated 17 prenylated flavonoids (Limonianin, Epimedokoreanin B, etc.) from Epimedium species. We found that some prenylated flavonoids inhibited gingipain activity in a non-competitive manner with Ki values at μm order. The prenylated flavonoids also hindered growth and biofilm formation of P. gingivalis, in a manner independent of gingipain inhibition by the compounds. CONCLUSION The results indicated an inhibitory effect of the prenylated flavonoids against P. gingivalis and would provide useful information for future development of periodontitis treatment that suppresses gingipains, P. gingivalis growth and biofilm formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toru Kariu
- Department of Life Science, Shokei University, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Ryoma Nakao
- Department of Bacteriology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Ikeda
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, Nishi-ku, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Keisuke Nakashima
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, Nishi-ku, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Jan Potempa
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Disease, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Takahisa Imamura
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Japan
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de Medeiros AKB, de Melo LA, Alves RAH, Barbosa GAS, de Lima KC, Porto Carreiro ADF. Inhibitory effect of cranberry extract on periodontopathogenic biofilm: An integrative review. J Indian Soc Periodontol 2016; 20:503-508. [PMID: 29242685 PMCID: PMC5676331 DOI: 10.4103/jisp.jisp_302_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Combating biofilm-dependent oral infections involves the use of synthetic antibiotics, which are often associated with bacterial resistance and adverse effects. As a result, herbs such as cranberry have emerged as an alternative treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate, through an integrative literature review, the effectiveness of cranberry extract on cultures and biofilms of periodontopathogenic bacteria. Materials and Methods: In vitro and in vivo studies evaluating the action of cranberry extract on the growth, coaggregation and formation of periodontopathogenic bacteria and periodontal biofilm were identified. Searches were carried out in the “Cochrane Library,” “MEDLINE,” “Web of Science,” “Scopus,” “LILACS,” “Scielo,” and “Google Scholar” databases, using the terms: “vaccinium macrocarpon;” “cranberries;” “cranberry;” “biofilms;” “periodontitis;” “chronic periodontitis;” “aggressive periodontitis;” “periodontal diseases;” and “periodont*.” Results: a low number of studies evaluating the effectiveness of cranberry extract on periodontal disease were found, and no human studies were identified. In general, the eight studies included in the revision found that the compounds effectively inhibited the formation of a biofilm of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum at concentrations equal or superior to 62.5 μg/ml, but did not significantly inhibit bacterial growth or promote the breakdown of preformed biofilm. Conclusions: while most of the studies presented certain methodological limitations, they did identify an inhibiting effect of cranberry on periodontal bacteria. These results serve as support for the development of further studies evaluating the most effective vehicle and ideal concentration that can be used without causing adverse effects on oral tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laércio Almeida de Melo
- Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | | | | | - Kenio Costa de Lima
- Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
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Effect of hydrothermodynamic (HTD) processing on physical and chemical qualities of American cranberry puree using response surface methodology (RSM). Lebensm Wiss Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2016.02.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Shahzad M, Millhouse E, Culshaw S, Edwards CA, Ramage G, Combet E. Selected dietary (poly)phenols inhibit periodontal pathogen growth and biofilm formation. Food Funct 2016; 6:719-29. [PMID: 25585200 DOI: 10.1039/c4fo01087f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Periodontitis (PD) is a chronic infectious disease mediated by bacteria in the oral cavity. (Poly)phenols (PPs), ubiquitous in plant foods, possess antimicrobial activities and may be useful in the prevention and management of periodontitis. The objective of this study was to test the antibacterial effects of selected PPs on periodontal pathogens, on both planktonic and biofilm modes of growth. Selected PPs (n = 48) were screened against Streptococcus mitis (S. mitis), Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (A. actinomycetemcomitans), Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum) and Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis). The antibacterial potential of each compound was evaluated in terms of planktonic minimum inhibitory concentration (PMIC) and planktonic minimum bactericidal concentration (PMBC) using standardized broth microdilution assays. The most active PPs were further tested for their effect on mono-species and multi-species biofilms using a colorimetric resazurin-based viability assay and scanning electron microscopy. Of the 48 PPs tested, 43 showed effective inhibition of planktonic growth of one or more test strains, of which curcumin was the most potent (PMIC range = 7.8-62.5 μg mL(-1)), followed by pyrogallol (PMIC range = 2.4-2500 μg mL(-1)), pyrocatechol (MIC range = 4.9-312.5 μg mL(-1)) and quercetin (PMIC range = 31.2-500 μg mL(-1)). At this concentration, adhesion of curcumin and quercetin to the substrate also inhibited adhesion of S. mitis, and biofilm formation and maturation. While both curcumin and quercetin were able to alter architecture of mature multi-species biofilms, only curcumin-treated biofilms displayed a significantly reduced metabolic activity. Overall, PPs possess antibacterial activities against periodontopathic bacteria in both planktonic and biofilm modes of growth. Further cellular and in vivo studies are necessary to confirm their beneficial activities and potential use in the prevention and or treatment of periodontal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Shahzad
- Human Nutrition, School of Medicine, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, The University of Glasgow, Glasgow G31 2ER, UK.
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Cao WL, Huang HB, Fang L, Hu JN, Jin ZM, Wang RW. Protective effect of ginkgo proanthocyanidins against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury associated with its antioxidant effects. Neural Regen Res 2016; 11:1779-1783. [PMID: 28123420 PMCID: PMC5204232 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.194722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Proanthocyanidins have been shown to effectively protect ischemic neurons, but its mechanism remains poorly understood. Ginkgo proanthocyanidins (20, 40, 80 mg/kg) were intraperitoneally administered 1, 24, 48 and 72 hours before reperfusion. Results showed that ginkgo proanthocyanidins could effectively mitigate neurological disorders, shorten infarct volume, increase superoxide dismutase activity, and decrease malondialdehyde and nitric oxide contents. Simultaneously, the study on grape seed proanthocyanidins (40 mg/kg) confirmed that different sources of proanthocyanidins have a similar effect. The neurological outcomes of ginkgo proanthocyanidins were similar to that of nimodipine in the treatment of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. Our results suggest that ginkgo proanthocyanidins can effectively lessen cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury and protect ischemic brain tissue and these effects are associated with antioxidant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang-Li Cao
- Zhejiang Modern Chinese Medicine and Natural Drug Research Academy Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Hai-Bo Huang
- Zhejiang Conba Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ling Fang
- Zhejiang Conba Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jiang-Ning Hu
- Zhejiang Modern Chinese Medicine and Natural Drug Research Academy Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zhu-Ming Jin
- Zhejiang Conba Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ru-Wei Wang
- Zhejiang Modern Chinese Medicine and Natural Drug Research Academy Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; Zhejiang Conba Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
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Kim D, Hwang G, Liu Y, Wang Y, Singh AP, Vorsa N, Koo H. Cranberry Flavonoids Modulate Cariogenic Properties of Mixed-Species Biofilm through Exopolysaccharides-Matrix Disruption. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0145844. [PMID: 26713438 PMCID: PMC4699891 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The exopolysaccharides (EPS) produced by Streptococcus mutans-derived glucosyltransferases (Gtfs) are essential virulence factors associated with the initiation of cariogenic biofilms. EPS forms the core of the biofilm matrix-scaffold, providing mechanical stability while facilitating the creation of localized acidic microenvironments. Cranberry flavonoids, such as A-type proanthocyanidins (PACs) and myricetin, have been shown to inhibit the activity of Gtfs and EPS-mediated bacterial adhesion without killing the organisms. Here, we investigated whether a combination of cranberry flavonoids disrupts EPS accumulation and S. mutans survival using a mixed-species biofilm model under cariogenic conditions. We also assessed the impact of cranberry flavonoids on mechanical stability and the in situ pH at the biofilm-apatite interface. Topical application of an optimized combination of PACs oligomers (100-300 μM) with myricetin (2 mM) twice daily was used to simulate treatment regimen experienced clinically. Treatments with cranberry flavonoids effectively reduced the insoluble EPS content (>80% reduction vs. vehicle-control; p<0.001), while hindering S. mutans outgrowth within mixed-species biofilms. As a result, the 3D architecture of cranberry-treated biofilms was severely compromised, showing a defective EPS-matrix and failure to develop microcolonies on the saliva-coated hydroxyapatite (sHA) surface. Furthermore, topical applications of cranberry flavonoids significantly weaken the mechanical stability of the biofilms; nearly 90% of the biofilm was removed from sHA surface after exposure to a shear stress of 0.449 N/m2 (vs. 36% removal in vehicle-treated biofilms). Importantly, in situ pH measurements in cranberry-treated biofilms showed significantly higher pH values (5.2 ± 0.1) at the biofilm-apatite interface vs. vehicle-treated biofilms (4.6 ± 0.1). Altogether, the data provide important insights on how cranberry flavonoids treatments modulate virulence properties by disrupting the biochemical and ecological changes associated with cariogenic biofilm development, which could lead to new alternative or adjunctive antibiofilm/anticaries chemotherapeutic formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyeop Kim
- Biofilm Research Labs, Department of Orthodontics and Divisions of Pediatric Dentistry & Community Oral Health, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Geelsu Hwang
- Biofilm Research Labs, Department of Orthodontics and Divisions of Pediatric Dentistry & Community Oral Health, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Yuan Liu
- Biofilm Research Labs, Department of Orthodontics and Divisions of Pediatric Dentistry & Community Oral Health, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Yifei Wang
- Department of Plant Biology and Plant Pathology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Ajay P. Singh
- Department of Plant Biology and Plant Pathology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Nicholi Vorsa
- Department of Plant Biology and Plant Pathology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
- Philip E. Marucci Center for Blueberry and Cranberry Research and Extension, Rutgers University, Chatsworth, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Hyun Koo
- Biofilm Research Labs, Department of Orthodontics and Divisions of Pediatric Dentistry & Community Oral Health, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Tipton DA, Hatten AA, Babu JP, Dabbous MK. Effect of glycated albumin and cranberry components on interleukin-6 and matrix metalloproteinase-3 production by human gingival fibroblasts. J Periodontal Res 2015; 51:228-36. [PMID: 26179241 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Gingival fibroblasts have the potential to participate in periodontal inflammation and breakdown, producing interleukin (IL)-6 and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-3. Advanced glycation end products (AGEs), formed during diabetic hyperglycemia, might aggravate periodontal inflammation. The cranberry contains anti-inflammatory polyphenols, which inhibit proinflammatory activities of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- and IL-1β-stimulated human cells. Little is known of its effects on gingival fibroblast IL-6 or MMP-3 production stimulated by AGEs. The objectives were to determine cranberry effects on IL-6 and MMP-3 production by gingival fibroblasts exposed to the representative AGE, glycated human serum albumin (G-HSA), or LPS ± G-HSA. MATERIAL AND METHODS Cranberry high molecular weight non-dialyzable material (NDM), was derived from cranberry juice. Normal human gingival fibroblasts were incubated with G-HSA or normal HSA or Porphyromonas gingivalis LPS (1 μg/mL) ± G-HSA, in the presence or absence of preincubation with NDM. IL-6 and MMP-3 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and Scheffe's F procedure. RESULTS IL-6 production was stimulated by G-HSA or LPS (p < 0.01), which was inhibited in both cases by NDM (p < 0.002). [G-HSA+LPS] synergistically stimulated IL-6 production (p < 0.0001), which was inhibited by NDM. MMP-3 levels were not stimulated by G-HSA but were decreased by LPS (p < 0.02). [G-HSA+LPS] increased MMP-3 production significantly, vs. LPS (p = 0.0005). NDM inhibited MMP-3 levels in the presence of G-HSA or LPS, and in the presence of [G-HSA+LPS] (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS G-HSA ± LPS may have differential effects on IL-6 and MMP-3 production by human gingival fibroblasts, but both are inhibited by NDM. The study suggests that cranberry phenols may be useful in regulating the host response and perhaps treating periodontitis in patients with poorly controlled diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Tipton
- College of Dentistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA.,Department of Bioscience Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - A A Hatten
- College of Dentistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - J P Babu
- College of Dentistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA.,Department of Bioscience Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - M Kh Dabbous
- College of Dentistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA.,Department of Bioscience Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA.,College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
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Lombardo Bedran TB, Palomari Spolidorio D, Grenier D. Green tea polyphenol epigallocatechin-3-gallate and cranberry proanthocyanidins act in synergy with cathelicidin (LL-37) to reduce the LPS-induced inflammatory response in a three-dimensional co-culture model of gingival epithelial cells and fibroblasts. Arch Oral Biol 2015; 60:845-53. [PMID: 25791329 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2015.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Revised: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The human antimicrobial peptide cathelicidin (LL-37) possesses anti-inflammatory properties that may contribute to attenuating the inflammatory process associated with chronic periodontitis. Plant polyphenols, including those from cranberry and green tea, have been reported to reduce inflammatory cytokine secretion by host cells. In the present study, we hypothesized that A-type cranberry proanthocyanidins (AC-PACs) and green tea epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) act in synergy with LL-37 to reduce the secretion of inflammatory mediators by oral mucosal cells. METHODS A three-dimensional (3D) co-culture model of gingival epithelial cells and fibroblasts treated with non-cytotoxic concentrations of AC-PACs (25 and 50 μg/ml), EGCG (1 and 5 μg/ml), and LL-37 (0.1 and 0.2 μM) individually and in combination (AC-PACs+LL-37 and EGCG+LL-37) were stimulated with Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Multiplex ELISA assays were used to quantify the secretion of 54 host factors, including chemokines, cytokines, growth factors, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs). RESULTS LL-37, AC-PACs, and EGCG, individually or in combination, had no effect on the regulation of MMP and TIMP secretion but inhibited the secretion of several cytokines. AC-PACs and LL-37 acted in synergy to reduce the secretion of CXC-chemokine ligand 1 (GRO-α), granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), and interleukin-6 (IL-6), and had an additive effect on reducing the secretion of interleukin-8 (IL-8), interferon-γ inducible protein 10 (IP-10), and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) in response to LPS stimulation. EGCG and LL-37 acted in synergy to reduce the secretion of GRO-α, G-CSF, IL-6, IL-8, and IP-10, and had an additive effect on MCP-1 secretion. CONCLUSION The combination of LL-37 and natural polyphenols from cranberry and green tea acted in synergy to reduce the secretion of several cytokines by an LPS-stimulated 3D co-culture model of oral mucosal cells. Such combinations show promising results as potential adjunctive therapies for treating inflammatory periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Telma Blanca Lombardo Bedran
- Department of Oral Diagnosis and Surgery, Araraquara Dental School, State University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Denise Palomari Spolidorio
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, Araraquara Dental School, State University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniel Grenier
- Oral Ecology Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada.
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Girardot M, Guerineau A, Boudesocque L, Costa D, Bazinet L, Enguehard-Gueiffier C, Imbert C. Promising results of cranberry in the prevention of oral Candida biofilms. Pathog Dis 2014; 70:432-9. [PMID: 24623607 DOI: 10.1111/2049-632x.12168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2013] [Revised: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In the context of dental caries prevention by natural foodstuff sources, antifungal and antibiofilm activities of dry commercial extracts of cranberry fruit (Vaccinium macrocarpon Aiton) and two other red fruits (Vaccinium myrtillus L. and Malpighia punicifolia L.) were assessed on Candida albicans and Candida glabrata yeasts. When added to the culture medium, the cranberry extract displayed a significant anti-adhesion activity against Candida spp. when used at low concentrations. In addition, the pretreatment of surfaces with this extract induced an anti-adhesion activity mainly against C. glabrata yeasts and an antibiofilm activity against C. albicans. This activity was dependent on concentration, species, and strain. A phytochemical investigation bioguided by anti-adhesion tests against the two Candida species was carried out on crude cranberry juice to determine the active fractions. Three subfractions enriched in proanthocyanidins showed an anti-adhesion activity at low concentrations. This study investigated for the first time the interest of crude extracts of cranberry and cranberry juice fractions to prevent biofilms of C. glabrata. It highlighted the potency of consuming this fruit and using it as a source of anti-adhesion agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Girardot
- UMR CNRS 7267 Laboratory of Ecology and Biology of Interactions, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Poitiers, France
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Olsen I, Potempa J. Strategies for the inhibition of gingipains for the potential treatment of periodontitis and associated systemic diseases. J Oral Microbiol 2014; 6:24800. [PMID: 25206939 PMCID: PMC4138498 DOI: 10.3402/jom.v6.24800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Revised: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gingipains are the major virulence factors of Porphyromonas gingivalis, the main periodontopathogen. It is expected that inhibition of gingipain activity in vivo could prevent or slow down the progression of adult periodontitis. To date, several classes of gingipain inhibitors have been recognized. These include gingipain N-terminal prodomains, synthetic compounds, inhibitors from natural sources, antibiotics, antiseptics, antibodies, and bacteria. Several synthetic compounds are potent gingipain inhibitors but inhibit a broad spectrum of host proteases and have undesirable side effects. Synthetic compounds with high specificity for gingipains have unknown toxicity effects, making natural inhibitors more promising as therapeutic gingipain blockers. Cranberry and rice extracts interfere with gingipain activity and prevent the growth and biofilm formation of periodontopathogens. Although the ideal gingipain inhibitor has yet to be discovered, gingipain inhibition represents a novel approach to treat and prevent periodontitis. Gingipain inhibitors may also help treat systemic disorders that are associated with periodontitis, including cardiovascular disease, rheumatoid arthritis, aspiration pneumonia, pre-term birth, and low birth weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingar Olsen
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jan Potempa
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland ; Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Disease, School of Dentistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
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Mukherjee M, Bandyopadhyay P, Kundu D. Exploring the role of cranberry polyphenols in periodontits: A brief review. J Indian Soc Periodontol 2014; 18:136-9. [PMID: 24872617 PMCID: PMC4033875 DOI: 10.4103/0972-124x.131301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Cranberry juice polyphenols have gained importance over the past decade due to their promising health benefits. The bioactive component, proanthocyanidins is mainly responsible for its protective effect. A lot has been said about its role in urinary tract infection and other systemic diseases, but little is known about its oral benefits. An extensive search was carried out in the PubMed database using the terms "cranberry polyphenols" and "periodontitis" together. The institute library was also thoroughly scrutinized for all relevant information. Thus, a paper was formulated, the aim of which was to review the role of high molecular weight cranberry fraction on oral tissues and periodontal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malancha Mukherjee
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Implantology, Dr. R. Ahmed Dental College and Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Prasanta Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Implantology, Dr. R. Ahmed Dental College and Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Debabrata Kundu
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Implantology, Dr. R. Ahmed Dental College and Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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Use of polyphenols in periodontal inflammation. Eur J Pharmacol 2013; 720:77-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.10.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2013] [Revised: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Rane HS, Bernardo SM, Howell AB, Lee SA. Cranberry-derived proanthocyanidins prevent formation of Candida albicans biofilms in artificial urine through biofilm- and adherence-specific mechanisms. J Antimicrob Chemother 2013; 69:428-36. [PMID: 24114570 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkt398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Candida albicans is a common cause of nosocomial urinary tract infections (UTIs) and is responsible for increased morbidity and healthcare costs. Moreover, the US Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services no longer reimburse for hospital-acquired catheter-associated UTIs. Thus, development of specific approaches for the prevention of Candida urinary infections is needed. Cranberry juice-derived proanthocyanidins (PACs) have efficacy in the prevention of bacterial UTIs, partially due to anti-adherence properties, but there are limited data on their use for the prevention and/or treatment of Candida UTIs. Therefore, we sought to systematically assess the in vitro effect of cranberry-derived PACs on C. albicans biofilm formation in artificial urine. METHODS C. albicans biofilms in artificial urine were coincubated with cranberry PACs at serially increasing concentrations and biofilm metabolic activity was assessed using the XTT assay in static microplate and silicone disc models. RESULTS Cranberry PAC concentrations of ≥16 mg/L significantly reduced biofilm formation in all C. albicans strains tested, with a paradoxical effect observed at high concentrations in two clinical isolates. Further, cranberry PACs were additive in combination with traditional antifungals. Cranberry PACs reduced C. albicans adherence to both polystyrene and silicone. Supplementation of the medium with iron reduced the efficacy of cranberry PACs against biofilms. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that cranberry PACs have excellent in vitro activity against C. albicans biofilm formation in artificial urine. We present preliminary evidence that cranberry PAC activity against C. albicans biofilm formation is due to anti-adherence properties and/or iron chelation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hallie S Rane
- Section of Infectious Diseases, New Mexico Veterans Healthcare System, Albuquerque, NM, USA
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Tipton DA, Carter TB, Dabbous MK. Inhibition of interleukin 1β-stimulated interleukin-6 production by cranberry components in human gingival epithelial cells: effects on nuclear factor κB and activator protein 1 activation pathways. J Periodontal Res 2013; 49:437-47. [DOI: 10.1111/jre.12122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. A. Tipton
- College of Dentistry; The University of Tennessee Health Science Center; Memphis TN USA
- Department of Bioscience Research; The University of Tennessee Health Science Center; Memphis TN USA
| | - T. B. Carter
- College of Dentistry; The University of Tennessee Health Science Center; Memphis TN USA
- Department of Periodontology; The University of Tennessee Health Science Center; Memphis TN USA
| | - M. Kh. Dabbous
- College of Dentistry; The University of Tennessee Health Science Center; Memphis TN USA
- Department of Bioscience Research; The University of Tennessee Health Science Center; Memphis TN USA
- College of Medicine; The University of Tennessee Health Science Center; Memphis TN USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry; The University of Tennessee Health Science Center; Memphis TN USA
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Grace MH, Guzman I, Roopchand DE, Moskal K, Cheng DM, Pogrebnyak N, Raskin I, Howell A, Lila MA. Stable binding of alternative protein-enriched food matrices with concentrated cranberry bioflavonoids for functional food applications. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:6856-64. [PMID: 23786629 PMCID: PMC3769697 DOI: 10.1021/jf401627m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Defatted soy flour (DSF), soy protein isolate (SPI), hemp protein isolate (HPI), medium-roast peanut flour (MPF), and pea protein isolate (PPI) stably bind and concentrate cranberry (CB) polyphenols, creating protein/polyphenol-enriched matrices. Proanthocyanidins (PAC) in the enriched matrices ranged from 20.75 mg/g (CB-HPI) to 10.68 mg/g (CB-SPI). Anthocyanins (ANC) ranged from 3.19 mg/g (CB-DSF) to 1.68 mg/g (CB-SPI), whereas total phenolics (TP) ranged from 37.61 mg/g (CB-HPI) to 21.29 mg/g (CB-SPI). LC-MS indicated that the enriched matrices contained all identifiable ANC, PAC, and flavonols present in CB juice. Complexation with SPI stabilized and preserved the integrity of the CB polyphenolic components for at least 15 weeks at 37 °C. PAC isolated from enriched matrices demonstrated comparable antiadhesion bioactivity to PAC isolated directly from CB juice (MIC 0.4-0.16 mg/mL), indicating their potential utility for maintenance of urinary tract health. Approximately 1.0 g of polyphenol-enriched matrix delivered the same amount of PAC available in 1 cup (300 mL) of commercial CB juice cocktail, which has been shown clinically to be the prophylactic dose for reducing recurring urinary tract infections. CB-SPI inhibited Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial growth. Nutritional and sensory analyses indicated that the targeted CB-matrix combinations have high potential for incorporation in functional food formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary H. Grace
- Plants for Human Health Institute, Food, Bioprocessing, and Nutrition Sciences Department, North Carolina State University, North Carolina Research Campus, 600 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, USA
| | - Ivette Guzman
- Plants for Human Health Institute, Food, Bioprocessing, and Nutrition Sciences Department, North Carolina State University, North Carolina Research Campus, 600 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, USA
| | - Diana E. Roopchand
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Foran Hall, 59 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Kristin Moskal
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Foran Hall, 59 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Diana M. Cheng
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Foran Hall, 59 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Natasha Pogrebnyak
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Foran Hall, 59 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Ilya Raskin
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Foran Hall, 59 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Amy Howell
- Marucci Center for Blueberry and Cranberry Research, Rutgers University, 125A Lake Oswego Rd, Chatsworth, NJ 08019, USA
| | - Mary Ann Lila
- Plants for Human Health Institute, Food, Bioprocessing, and Nutrition Sciences Department, North Carolina State University, North Carolina Research Campus, 600 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, USA
- Corresponding Author: Phone (704) 250-5407; Fax: (704) 250-5409.
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Polak D, Naddaf R, Shapira L, Weiss EI, Houri-Haddad Y. Protective Potential of Non-Dialyzable Material Fraction of Cranberry Juice on the Virulence ofP. gingivalisandF. nucleatumMixed Infection. J Periodontol 2013; 84:1019-25. [DOI: 10.1902/jop.2012.120331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Tipton DA, Cho S, Zacharia N, Dabbous MK. Inhibition of interleukin-17-stimulated interleukin-6 and -8 production by cranberry components in human gingival fibroblasts and epithelial cells. J Periodontal Res 2013; 48:638-46. [DOI: 10.1111/jre.12050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- D. A. Tipton
- College of Dentistry; The University of Tennessee Health Science Center; Memphis TN USA
- Department of Bioscience Research; The University of Tennessee Health Science Center; Memphis TN USA
| | - S. Cho
- College of Dentistry; The University of Tennessee Health Science Center; Memphis TN USA
| | - N. Zacharia
- College of Dentistry; The University of Tennessee Health Science Center; Memphis TN USA
| | - M. K. Dabbous
- College of Dentistry; The University of Tennessee Health Science Center; Memphis TN USA
- Department of Bioscience Research; The University of Tennessee Health Science Center; Memphis TN USA
- College of Medicine; The University of Tennessee Health Science Center; Memphis TN USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry; The University of Tennessee Health Science Center; Memphis TN USA
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Pérez-Jiménez J, Torres JL. Analysis of proanthocyanidins in almond blanch water by HPLC–ESI–QqQ–MS/MS and MALDI–TOF/TOF MS. Food Res Int 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2012.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Tang X, Pan Y, Zhao Y. Vitamin D inhibits the expression of interleukin-8 in human periodontal ligament cells stimulated with Porphyromonas gingivalis. Arch Oral Biol 2012; 58:397-407. [PMID: 23083515 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2012.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2012] [Revised: 08/30/2012] [Accepted: 09/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Vitamin D has been known to be closely associated with periodontitis while the exact mechanisms remain unclear. The present study aimed to discover the effects of 1a,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25D) on the expressions of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 in human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs) stimulated with Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) W83. DESIGN Primary cultures of hPDLCs from ten donors were established and the cells of passage four were treated with 1,25D or P. gingivalis individually or 1,25D combined with P. gingivalis. The levels of IL-6 and IL-8 protein in hPDLCs were detected with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the mRNA levels were detected with real-time RT-PCR. RESULTS P. gingivalis significantly promoted the protein expressions of IL-6 and IL-8. P. gingivalis at the multiplicity of infection (MOI) 100 exerted the strongest promotion effect on the IL-6 protein expression by 5.83-fold compared with the controls (2482.88±26.53pg/ml versus 425.80±77.25pg/ml, P<0.0005) and the IL-8 protein expression by 12.39-fold (4965.81±1072.55pg/ml versus 400.75±2.27pg/ml, P=0.005) in hPDLCs at 24h. At 48h, 10(-8)mol/L 1,25D had the best inhibition on the IL-8 protein expression in hPDLCs by 2.00-fold compared with the controls (100.76±21.11pg/ml versus 201.75±18.15pg/ml, P<0.0005) and the IL-8 mRNA expression by 2.13-fold (P<0.0005). 10(-8)mol/L 1,25D combined with P. gingivalis (MOI 100) exerted the strongest inhibition effect on the IL-8 protein expression by 1.54-fold compared with P. gingivalis treatment alone (3077.33±210.04pg/ml versus 4738.24±1386.17pg/ml, P=0.018) and the IL-8 mRNA expression by 1.78-fold (P=0.012) in hPDLCs at 12h. 1,25D did not influence the expression of IL-6 in hPDLCs with or without P. gingivalis treatment. CONCLUSION Vitamin D may potentially inhibit the periodontal inflammation induced by P. gingivalis partly by decreasing the IL-8 expression in hPDLCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Tang
- Department of Medical Genetics, China Medical University, 92 North 2nd Road, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
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Winsauer H, Vlachojannis C, Chrubasik S, Wichelhaus A. Letter to the editor. J Orofac Orthop 2012; 73:326-7; author reply 327-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s00056-012-0085-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Feghali K, Feldman M, La VD, Santos J, Grenier D. Cranberry proanthocyanidins: natural weapons against periodontal diseases. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:5728-5735. [PMID: 22082264 DOI: 10.1021/jf203304v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Cranberry ( Vaccinium macrocarpon ) is known to have a beneficial effect on several aspects of human health. Proanthocyanidins (PACs), the most abundant flavonoids extracted from red cranberry fruits, have been reported to possess antimicrobial, antiadhesion, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. Recent in vitro studies have shown that cranberry PACs may be potential therapeutic agents for the prevention and management of periodontitis, an inflammatory disease of bacterial origin affecting tooth-supporting tissues. After presenting an overview of cranberry phytochemicals and their potential for human health benefits, this review will focus on the effects of cranberry PACs on connective tissue breakdown and alveolar bone destruction, as well as their potential for controlling periodontal diseases. Possible mechanisms of action of cranberry PACs include the inhibition of (i) bacterial and host-derived proteolytic enzymes, (ii) host inflammatory response, and (iii) osteoclast differentiation and activity. Given that cranberry PACs have shown interesting properties in in vitro studies, clinical trials are warranted to better evaluate the potential of these molecules for controlling periodontal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Feghali
- Groupe de Recherche en Écologie Buccale, Faculté de Médecine Dentaire, Université Laval , Quebec City, QC, Canada G1V 0A6
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Feldman M, Grenier D. Cranberry proanthocyanidins act in synergy with licochalcone A to reduce Porphyromonas gingivalis growth and virulence properties, and to suppress cytokine secretion by macrophages. J Appl Microbiol 2012; 113:438-47. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2012.05329.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Feldman M, Tanabe S, Howell A, Grenier D. Cranberry proanthocyanidins inhibit the adherence properties of Candida albicans and cytokine secretion by oral epithelial cells. Altern Ther Health Med 2012; 12:6. [PMID: 22248145 PMCID: PMC3273432 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-12-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2011] [Accepted: 01/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral candidiasis is a common fungal disease mainly caused by Candida albicans. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of A-type cranberry proanthocyanidins (AC-PACs) on pathogenic properties of C. albicans as well as on the inflammatory response of oral epithelial cells induced by this oral pathogen. METHODS Microplate dilution assays were performed to determine the effect of AC-PACs on C. albicans growth as well as biofilm formation stained with crystal violet. Adhesion of FITC-labeled C. albicans to oral epithelial cells and to acrylic resin disks was monitored by fluorometry. The effects of AC-PACs on C. albicans-induced cytokine secretion, nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) p65 activation and kinase phosphorylation in oral epithelial cells were determined by immunological assays. RESULTS Although AC-PACs did not affect growth of C. albicans, it prevented biofilm formation and reduced adherence of C. albicans to oral epithelial cells and saliva-coated acrylic resin discs. In addition, AC-PACs significantly decreased the secretion of IL-8 and IL-6 by oral epithelial cells stimulated with C. albicans. This anti-inflammatory effect was associated with reduced activation of NF-κB p65 and phosphorylation of specific signal intracellular kinases. CONCLUSION AC-PACs by affecting the adherence properties of C. albicans and attenuating the inflammatory response induced by this pathogen represent potential novel therapeutic agents for the prevention/treatment of oral candidiasis.
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Shmuely H, Ofek I, Weiss EI, Rones Z, Houri-Haddad Y. Cranberry components for the therapy of infectious disease. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2011; 23:148-52. [PMID: 22088310 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2011.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2011] [Revised: 10/14/2011] [Accepted: 10/24/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Summary of the in vitro data support a beneficial effect of cranberry or its proanthocyanin constituents by blocking adhesion to and biofilm formation on target tissues of pathogens. In vivo data partially support these beneficial effects. Consumption of various cranberry products benefited young and elderly females in preventing urinary tract infections, and in conjunction with antibiotic treatment in eradicating Helicobacter pylori infections in women. Mouthwash supplemented with an isolated cranberry derivative reduced significantly the caryogenic mutans streptococci. None of the mice infected intranasal with lethal dose of influenza virus and treated with cranberry fraction died after two weeks. Further studies should focus on the active cranberry component as supplement for food and other products especially where whole juice or powder cannot be used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haim Shmuely
- Department of Internal Medicine C, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Hospital, Petah Tikva, Israel
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50
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Dickinson BC, Moffatt CE, Hagerty D, Whitmore SE, Brown TA, Graves DT, Lamont RJ. Interaction of oral bacteria with gingival epithelial cell multilayers. Mol Oral Microbiol 2011; 26:210-20. [PMID: 21545698 DOI: 10.1111/j.2041-1014.2011.00609.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Primary gingival epithelial cells were cultured in multilayers as a model for the study of interactions with oral bacteria associated with health and periodontal disease. Multilayers maintained at an air-liquid interface in low-calcium medium displayed differentiation and cytokeratin properties characteristic of junctional epithelium. Multilayers were infected with fluorescently labeled Porphyromonas gingivalis, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Fusobacterium nucleatum or Streptococcus gordonii, and bacterial association was determined by confocal microscopy and quantitative image analysis. Porphyromonas gingivalis invaded intracellularly and spread from cell to cell; A. actinomycetemcomitans and F. nucleatum remained extracellular and showed intercellular movement through the multilayer; whereas S. gordonii remained extracellular and predominantly associated with the superficial cell layer. None of the bacterial species disrupted barrier function as measured by transepithelial electrical resistance. P. gingivalis did not elicit secretion of proinflammatory cytokines. However, A. actinomycetemcomitans and S. gordonii induced interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), IL-6 and IL-8 secretion; and F. nucleatum stimulated production of IL-1β and TNF-α. Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, F. nucleatum and S. gordonii, but not P. gingivalis, increased levels of apoptosis after 24 h infection. The results indicate that the organisms with pathogenic potential were able to traverse the epithelium, whereas the commensal bacteria did not. In addition, distinct host responses characterized the interaction between the junctional epithelium and oral bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- B C Dickinson
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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