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Romero-Neto I, de Almeida TM, Zugman T, Piovan L, Molento MB. Ovicidal activity of diaryl dichalcogenides and ivermectin on Fasciola hepatica: A novel candidate for a blending-based therapeutic strategy. Acta Trop 2024; 258:107363. [PMID: 39153647 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2024.107363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
Fasciolosis is a food and waterborne disease caused by Fasciola spp., representing a global health burden to various hosts, including humans and other animals. This study investigates the in vitro activity of tellurium- and selenium-containing diaryl dichalcogenides: diacetal ditelluride (LQ07), diacetal diselenide (LQ62), and diacetyl diselenide (LQ68) alone and in combination with ivermectin (IVM) against eggs of Fasciola hepatica. The eggs were exposed for 12 h with each organochalcogen (OC) (0.1 - 2 mmol l-1) and IVM (0.01 - 2 mmol l-1) following an incubation of 15 days, allowing embryonation. The inhibitory concentration of 50 % (IC50) of each OC or IVM was tested with the IC10, IC30, and IC50 of IVM or each OC, respectively. LQ07, LQ62, and LQ68, as well as IVM, demonstrated a concentration-dependent ovicidal activity. The peak ovicidal activity of 99.74 % was achieved when IVM was tested at 2.0 mmol l-1. LQ62 and LQ68 demonstrated greater ovicidal activity, having an IC50 < 0.32 mmol l-1 being 6.25-fold more toxic than IVM alone. The percentage of dead eggs was significantly higher in the IVM group (early mortality), as Se-containing OCs led to the (miracidia) embryonation of the eggs with no hatching (late mortality). Blending Se-containing OCs and IVM showed an additive effect of up to 27 % against F. hepatica eggs. The present data contribute to the potential use of blending-based therapeutic strategies to combat F. hepatica infections in eradication programs worldwide. The combinations may also act against multidrug-resistant strains, reinstating drug-based parasite control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irineu Romero-Neto
- Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Parasitology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná 80035-050, Brazil
| | - Thayany Magalhães de Almeida
- Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Parasitology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná 80035-050, Brazil
| | - Tay Zugman
- Laboratory of Chemical and Enzymatic Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Leandro Piovan
- Laboratory of Chemical and Enzymatic Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Beltrão Molento
- Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Parasitology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná 80035-050, Brazil.
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Valderas-García E, Castilla-Gómez de Agüero V, González Del Palacio L, Galli G, Escala N, Ruiz-Somacarrera M, González-Warleta M, Del Olmo E, Balaña-Fouce R, Martínez-Valladares M. New benzimidazole derivative compounds with in vitro fasciolicidal properties. Parasit Vectors 2024; 17:173. [PMID: 38570858 PMCID: PMC10993450 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-024-06224-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Control of the zoonotic food-borne parasite Fasciola hepatica remains a major challenge in humans and livestock. It is estimated that annual economic losses due to fasciolosis can reach US$3.2 billion in agriculture and livestock. Moreover, the wide distribution of drug-resistant parasite populations and the absence of a vaccine threaten sustainable control, reinforcing the need for novel flukicides. METHODS The present work analyses the flukicidal activity of a total of 70 benzimidazole derivatives on different stages of F. hepatica. With the aim to select the most potent ones, and screenings were first performed on eggs at decreasing concentrations ranging from 50 to 5 µM and then on adult worms at 10 µM. Only the most effective compounds were also evaluated using a resistant isolate of the parasite. RESULTS After the first screenings at 50 and 10 µM, four hit compounds (BZD31, BZD46, BZD56, and BZD59) were selected and progressed to the next assays. At 5 µM, all hit compounds showed ovicidal activities higher than 71% on the susceptible isolate, but only BZD31 remained considerably active (53%) when they were tested on an albendazol-resistant isolate, even with values superior to the reference drug, albendazole sulfoxide. On the other hand, BZD59 displayed a high motility inhibition when tested on adult worms from an albendazole-resistant isolate after 72 h of incubation. CONCLUSIONS BZD31 and BZD59 compounds could be promising candidates for the development of fasciolicidal compounds or as starting point for the new synthesis of structure-related compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elora Valderas-García
- Departamento Sanidad Animal, Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña, CSIC-Universidad de León, Grulleros, 24346, León, Spain
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana S/N, 24071, León, Spain
| | - Verónica Castilla-Gómez de Agüero
- Departamento Sanidad Animal, Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña, CSIC-Universidad de León, Grulleros, 24346, León, Spain
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana S/N, 24071, León, Spain
| | - Laura González Del Palacio
- Departamento Sanidad Animal, Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña, CSIC-Universidad de León, Grulleros, 24346, León, Spain
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana S/N, 24071, León, Spain
| | - Giulio Galli
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana S/N, 24071, León, Spain
| | - Nerea Escala
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas: Química Farmacéutica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, CIETUS, IBSAL, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Marta Ruiz-Somacarrera
- Departamento Sanidad Animal, Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña, CSIC-Universidad de León, Grulleros, 24346, León, Spain
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana S/N, 24071, León, Spain
| | - Marta González-Warleta
- Laboratorio de Parasitología, Centro de Investigacións Agrarias de Mabegondo, AGACAL-Xunta de Galicia, Abegondo, 15318, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Esther Del Olmo
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas: Química Farmacéutica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, CIETUS, IBSAL, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Rafael Balaña-Fouce
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), Universidad de León, 24071, León, Spain
| | - María Martínez-Valladares
- Departamento Sanidad Animal, Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña, CSIC-Universidad de León, Grulleros, 24346, León, Spain.
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Temporal and Wash-Out Studies Identify Medicines for Malaria Venture Pathogen Box Compounds with Fast-Acting Activity against Both Trypanosoma cruzi and Trypanosoma brucei. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10071287. [PMID: 35889006 PMCID: PMC9317670 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10071287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chagas disease caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi is endemic to 21 countries in the Americas, effects approximately 6 million people and on average results in 12,000 deaths annually. Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT) is caused by the Trypanosoma brucei sub-species, endemic to 36 countries within sub-Saharan Africa. Treatment regimens for these parasitic diseases are complicated and not effective against all disease stages; thus, there is a need to find improved treatments. To identify new molecules for the drug discovery pipelines for these diseases, we have utilised in vitro assays to identify compounds with selective activity against both T. cruzi and T.b. brucei from the Medicines for Malaria Venture (MMV) Pathogen Box compound collection. To prioritise these molecules for further investigation, temporal and wash off assays were utilised to identify the speed of action and cidality of compounds. For translational relevance, compounds were tested against clinically relevant T.b. brucei subspecies. Compounds with activity against T. cruzi cytochrome P450 (TcCYP51) have not previously been successful in clinical trials for chronic Chagas disease; thus, to deprioritise compounds with this activity, they were tested against recombinant TcCYP51. Compounds with biological profiles warranting progression offer important tools for drug and target development against kinetoplastids.
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Lim W, Nyuykonge B, Eadie K, Konings M, Smeets J, Fahal A, Bonifaz A, Todd M, Perry B, Samby K, Burrows J, Verbon A, van de Sande W. Screening the pandemic response box identified benzimidazole carbamates, Olorofim and ravuconazole as promising drug candidates for the treatment of eumycetoma. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2022; 16:e0010159. [PMID: 35120131 PMCID: PMC8815882 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Eumycetoma is a chronic subcutaneous neglected tropical disease that can be caused by more than 40 different fungal causative agents. The most common causative agents produce black grains and belong to the fungal orders Sordariales and Pleosporales. The current antifungal agents used to treat eumycetoma are itraconazole or terbinafine, however, their cure rates are low. To find novel drugs for eumycetoma, we screened 400 diverse drug-like molecules from the Pandemic Response Box against common eumycetoma causative agents as part of the Open Source Mycetoma initiative (MycetOS). 26 compounds were able to inhibit the growth of Madurella mycetomatis, Madurella pseudomycetomatis and Madurella tropicana, 26 compounds inhibited Falciformispora senegalensis and seven inhibited growth of Medicopsis romeroi in vitro. Four compounds were able to inhibit the growth of all five species of fungi tested. They are the benzimidazole carbamates fenbendazole and carbendazim, the 8-aminoquinolone derivative tafenoquine and MMV1578570. Minimal inhibitory concentrations were then determined for the compounds active against M. mycetomatis. Compounds showing potent activity in vitro were further tested in vivo. Fenbendazole, MMV1782387, ravuconazole and olorofim were able to significantly prolong Galleria mellonella larvae survival and are promising candidates to explore in mycetoma treatment and to also serve as scaffolds for medicinal chemistry optimisation in the search for novel antifungals to treat eumycetoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilson Lim
- Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bertrand Nyuykonge
- Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kimberly Eadie
- Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mickey Konings
- Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Juli Smeets
- Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ahmed Fahal
- Mycetoma Research Centre, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | | | - Matthew Todd
- University College London, School of Pharmacy, London, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin Perry
- Drugs for Neglected Diseases initiative (DNDi), Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Jeremy Burrows
- Medicines for Malaria Venture (MMV), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Annelies Verbon
- Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wendy van de Sande
- Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Morawietz CM, Peter Ventura AM, Grevelding CG, Haeberlein S, Spengler B. Spatial visualization of drug uptake and distribution in Fasciola hepatica using high-resolution AP-SMALDI mass spectrometry imaging. Parasitol Res 2022; 121:1145-1153. [PMID: 35067744 PMCID: PMC8986696 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-021-07388-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Understanding drug penetration, distribution, and metabolization is fundamental for understanding drug efficacy. This also accounts for parasites during antiparasitic treatment. Recently, we established matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) in blood flukes and liver flukes. This label-free technique is capable of visualizing the molecular distribution of endogenous and exogenous molecules, such as drug compounds. Here, we conducted atmospheric-pressure scanning microprobe MALDI MSI (AP-SMALDI MSI) of tissue sections of adult Fasciola hepatica that have been treated in vitro with 100 µM of triclabendazole (TCBZ), the drug of choice for treatment of fasciolosis, and its main metabolite triclabendazole sulfoxide (TCBZ-SO). Measurements covered an m/z mass range of 250–1,000 and provided a high spatial resolution using a pixel size of 10 µm. To support the interpretation of drug distribution, we first identified endogenous lipids that mark characteristic tissues such as the gastrodermis, the tegument, and the parenchyma. The obtained results suggested an early tegumental route of TCBZ uptake within 20 min, followed by spreading throughout the parasite after 4 h, and an even distribution in most tissues after 12 h. This coincided with a strong reduction of parasite vitality. TCBZ-SO treatment demonstrated the accumulation of this metabolite in the same tissues as the parent drug compound. These data demonstrate the auspicious potential of MALDI MSI to visualize uptake and distribution patterns of drugs or drug-candidate compounds in parasites, which might contribute to preclinical drug discovery in liver fluke research and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin M Morawietz
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | | | - Christoph G Grevelding
- Institute of Parasitology, Biomedical Research Center Seltersberg (BFS), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Simone Haeberlein
- Institute of Parasitology, Biomedical Research Center Seltersberg (BFS), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Bernhard Spengler
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.
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López-Arencibia A, Sifaoui I, Reyes-Batlle M, Bethencourt-Estrella CJ, San Nicolás-Hernández D, Lorenzo-Morales J, Piñero JE. Discovery of New Chemical Tools against Leishmania amazonensis via the MMV Pathogen Box. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:1219. [PMID: 34959620 PMCID: PMC8708704 DOI: 10.3390/ph14121219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The protozoan parasite Leishmania causes a spectrum of diseases and there are over 1 million infections each year. Current treatments are toxic, expensive, and difficult to administer, and resistance to them is emerging. In this study, we screened the antileishmanial activity of the Pathogen Box compounds from the Medicine for Malaria Venture against Leishmania amazonensis, and compared their structures and cytotoxicity. The compounds MMV676388 (3), MMV690103 (5), MMV022029 (7), MMV022478 (9) and MMV021013 (10) exerted a significant dose-dependent inhibition effect on the proliferation of L. amazonensis promastigotes and intracellular amastigotes. Moreover, studies on the mechanism of cell death showed that compounds 3 and 5 induced an apoptotic process while the compounds 7, 9 and 10 seem to induce an autophagic mechanism. The present findings underline the potential of these five molecules as novel therapeutic leishmanicidal agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atteneri López-Arencibia
- Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias, Campus de Anchieta, Universidad de La Laguna, Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez, S/N, 38203 La Laguna, Spain; (I.S.); (M.R.-B.); (C.J.B.-E.); (D.S.N.-H.); (J.E.P.)
- Departamento de Obstetricia y Ginecología, Pediatría, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Toxicología, Medicina Legal y Forense y Parasitología, Universidad de La Laguna, 38203 La Laguna, Spain
- Red de Investigación Colaborativa en Enfermedades Tropicales (RICET), 28006 Madrid, Spain
- Consorcio Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red M.P. (CIBER) de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ines Sifaoui
- Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias, Campus de Anchieta, Universidad de La Laguna, Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez, S/N, 38203 La Laguna, Spain; (I.S.); (M.R.-B.); (C.J.B.-E.); (D.S.N.-H.); (J.E.P.)
- Red de Investigación Colaborativa en Enfermedades Tropicales (RICET), 28006 Madrid, Spain
- Consorcio Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red M.P. (CIBER) de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Reyes-Batlle
- Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias, Campus de Anchieta, Universidad de La Laguna, Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez, S/N, 38203 La Laguna, Spain; (I.S.); (M.R.-B.); (C.J.B.-E.); (D.S.N.-H.); (J.E.P.)
- Departamento de Obstetricia y Ginecología, Pediatría, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Toxicología, Medicina Legal y Forense y Parasitología, Universidad de La Laguna, 38203 La Laguna, Spain
- Red de Investigación Colaborativa en Enfermedades Tropicales (RICET), 28006 Madrid, Spain
- Consorcio Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red M.P. (CIBER) de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos J. Bethencourt-Estrella
- Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias, Campus de Anchieta, Universidad de La Laguna, Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez, S/N, 38203 La Laguna, Spain; (I.S.); (M.R.-B.); (C.J.B.-E.); (D.S.N.-H.); (J.E.P.)
- Red de Investigación Colaborativa en Enfermedades Tropicales (RICET), 28006 Madrid, Spain
- Consorcio Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red M.P. (CIBER) de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Desirée San Nicolás-Hernández
- Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias, Campus de Anchieta, Universidad de La Laguna, Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez, S/N, 38203 La Laguna, Spain; (I.S.); (M.R.-B.); (C.J.B.-E.); (D.S.N.-H.); (J.E.P.)
- Red de Investigación Colaborativa en Enfermedades Tropicales (RICET), 28006 Madrid, Spain
- Consorcio Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red M.P. (CIBER) de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jacob Lorenzo-Morales
- Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias, Campus de Anchieta, Universidad de La Laguna, Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez, S/N, 38203 La Laguna, Spain; (I.S.); (M.R.-B.); (C.J.B.-E.); (D.S.N.-H.); (J.E.P.)
- Departamento de Obstetricia y Ginecología, Pediatría, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Toxicología, Medicina Legal y Forense y Parasitología, Universidad de La Laguna, 38203 La Laguna, Spain
- Red de Investigación Colaborativa en Enfermedades Tropicales (RICET), 28006 Madrid, Spain
- Consorcio Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red M.P. (CIBER) de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - José E. Piñero
- Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias, Campus de Anchieta, Universidad de La Laguna, Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez, S/N, 38203 La Laguna, Spain; (I.S.); (M.R.-B.); (C.J.B.-E.); (D.S.N.-H.); (J.E.P.)
- Departamento de Obstetricia y Ginecología, Pediatría, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Toxicología, Medicina Legal y Forense y Parasitología, Universidad de La Laguna, 38203 La Laguna, Spain
- Red de Investigación Colaborativa en Enfermedades Tropicales (RICET), 28006 Madrid, Spain
- Consorcio Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red M.P. (CIBER) de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28006 Madrid, Spain
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Observational study on the effectiveness and safety of multiple regimens of triclabendazole in human fascioliasis after failure to standard-of-care regimens. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2021; 25:264-267. [PMID: 33862276 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2021.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Triclabendazole (TCBZ) is the recommended anthelmintic against Fasciola hepatica at a dose of 10 mg/kg body weight administered as a single or double dose. However, treatment failures to TCBZ standard-of-care (SOC) doses have been reported in humans. The aim of this study was to describe the effectiveness and tolerability of alternative TCBZ regimens in those patients who failed the SOC regimen for fascioliasis in Peru. METHODS A retrospective study was conducted at a major referral centre for fascioliasis in Peru between 2002 and 2018. Inclusion criteria were cases with chronic F. hepatica infection who failed the SOC regimen for human fascioliasis with TCBZ at 10 mg/kg orally as single dose with food. RESULTS A total of 27 cases (59% female; mean age 39.4 years, range 6-71 years) with chronic fascioliasis failed at least once the current SOC regimen of TCBZ. Of 27 cases, 21 failed a second treatment regimen. Multiple regimens of TCBZ were given to these patients until three consecutive stool examinations were negative for Fasciola eggs. The overall cure rate was 74%. TCBZ was well tolerated with minimal side effects. CONCLUSION According to the results of this study, patients labelled as having 'TCBZ resistance' may respond to multiple regimens of TCBZ with a cure rate of 74%. Thus, the term 'TCBZ resistance' should be re-evaluated using biomarkers.
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Young ND, Stroehlein AJ, Kinkar L, Wang T, Sohn WM, Chang BCH, Kaur P, Weisz D, Dudchenko O, Aiden EL, Korhonen PK, Gasser RB. High-quality reference genome for Clonorchis sinensis. Genomics 2021; 113:1605-1615. [PMID: 33677057 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2021.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The Chinese liver fluke, Clonorchis sinensis, causes the disease clonorchiasis, affecting ~35 million people in regions of China, Vietnam, Korea and the Russian Far East. Chronic clonorchiasis causes cholangitis and can induce a malignant cancer, called cholangiocarcinoma, in the biliary system. Control in endemic regions is challenging, and often relies largely on chemotherapy with one anthelmintic, called praziquantel. Routine treatment carries a significant risk of inducing resistance to this anthelmintic in the fluke, such that the discovery of new interventions is considered important. It is hoped that the use of molecular technologies will assist this endeavour by enabling the identification of drug or vaccine targets involved in crucial biological processes and/or pathways in the parasite. Although draft genomes of C. sinensis have been published, their assemblies are fragmented. In the present study, we tackle this genome fragmentation issue by utilising, in an integrated way, advanced (second- and third-generation) DNA sequencing and informatic approaches to build a high-quality reference genome for C. sinensis, with chromosome-level contiguity and curated gene models. This substantially-enhanced genome provides a resource that could accelerate fundamental and applied molecular investigations of C. sinensis, clonorchiasis and/or cholangiocarcinoma, and assist in the discovery of new interventions against what is a highly significant, but neglected disease-complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil D Young
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
| | - Andreas J Stroehlein
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Liina Kinkar
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Woon-Mok Sohn
- Department of Parasitology and Institute of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Bill C H Chang
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Parwinder Kaur
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, Faculty of Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - David Weisz
- The Center for Genome Architecture, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Olga Dudchenko
- The Center for Genome Architecture, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Erez Lieberman Aiden
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, Faculty of Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia; The Center for Genome Architecture, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA; Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech, Pudong 201210, China
| | - Pasi K Korhonen
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Robin B Gasser
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
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Marcos L, Maco V, Terashima A. Triclabendazole for the treatment of human fascioliasis and the threat of treatment failures. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2020; 19:817-823. [PMID: 33267701 DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2021.1858798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The only drug effective against the infection caused by Fasciola hepatica or F. gigantica is triclabendazole (TCBZ), recommended by the WHO and recently approved by the FDA. Here, we describe the evolution of TCBZ regimens and the emergence of TCBZ failure to Fasciola infection. AREAS COVERED The present review focuses on the evidence of TCBZ for the treatment of fascioliasis. For acute fascioliasis, there is a lack of studies to measure the presence of eggs of Fasciola in stool samples on the follow-up after initial TCBZ treatment. For chronic fascioliasis, WHO recommends a single oral dose of TCBZ 10 mg/kg whereas CDC recommends two doses of TCBZ 10 mg/kg 12 h apart. Incremental number of treatment failures have been documented worldwide. There are currently no therapeutic alternatives for the treatment of fascioliasis in humans. EXPERT OPINION Most cases of human fascioliasis are successfully treated with TCBZ, but some continue excreting eggs in the stools despite 1-2 standard of care regimens of TCBZ. A precise regimen is unclear for those patients who fail the initial treatment with TCBZ. Further clinical trials are needed to address the possible TCBZ emerging resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Marcos
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Vicente Maco
- Laboratorio De Parasitologia, Instituto De Medicina Tropical Alexander Von Humboldt, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Angelica Terashima
- Laboratorio De Parasitologia, Instituto De Medicina Tropical Alexander Von Humboldt, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru.,Departamento De Enfermedades Infecciosas, Tropicales Y Dermatologicas, Hospital Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
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Partridge FA, Forman R, Bataille CJR, Wynne GM, Nick M, Russell AJ, Else KJ, Sattelle DB. Anthelmintic drug discovery: target identification, screening methods and the role of open science. Beilstein J Org Chem 2020; 16:1203-1224. [PMID: 32550933 PMCID: PMC7277699 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.16.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Helminths, including cestodes, nematodes and trematodes, are a huge global health burden, infecting hundreds of millions of people. In many cases, existing drugs such as benzimidazoles, diethylcarbamazine, ivermectin and praziquantel are insufficiently efficacious, contraindicated in some populations, or at risk of the development of resistance, thereby impeding progress towards World Health Organization goals to control or eliminate these neglected tropical diseases. However, there has been limited recent progress in developing new drugs for these diseases due to lack of commercial attractiveness, leading to the introduction of novel, more efficient models for drug innovation that attempt to reduce the cost of research and development. Open science aims to achieve this by encouraging collaboration and the sharing of data and resources between organisations. In this review we discuss how open science has been applied to anthelmintic drug discovery. Open resources, including genomic information from many parasites, are enabling the identification of targets for new antiparasitic agents. Phenotypic screening remains important, and there has been much progress in open-source systems for compound screening with parasites, including motility assays but also high content assays with more detailed investigation of helminth physiology. Distributed open science compound screening programs, such as the Medicines for Malaria Venture Pathogen Box, have been successful at facilitating screening in diverse assays against many different parasite pathogens and models. Of the compounds identified so far in these screens, tolfenpyrad, a repurposed insecticide, shows significant promise and there has been much progress in creating more potent and selective derivatives. This work exemplifies how open science approaches can catalyse drug discovery against neglected diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederick A Partridge
- Centre for Respiratory Biology, UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Ruth Forman
- The Lydia Becker Institute for Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Carole J R Bataille
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA United Kingdom
| | - Graham M Wynne
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA United Kingdom
| | - Marina Nick
- Centre for Respiratory Biology, UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Angela J Russell
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA United Kingdom
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3QT, United Kingdom
| | - Kathryn J Else
- The Lydia Becker Institute for Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - David B Sattelle
- Centre for Respiratory Biology, UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
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Thomas CM, Timson DJ. The Schistosoma mansoni tegumental allergen protein, SmTAL1: Binding to an IQ-motif from a voltage-gated ion channel and effects of praziquantel. Cell Calcium 2020; 86:102161. [PMID: 31981914 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2020.102161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
SmTAL1 is a calcium binding protein from the parasitic worm, Schistosoma mansoni. Structurally it is comprised of two domains - an N-terminal EF-hand domain and a C-terminal dynein light chain (DLC)-like domain. The protein has previously been shown to interact with the anti-schistosomal drug, praziquantel (PZQ). Here, we demonstrated that both EF-hands in the N-terminal domain are functional calcium ion binding sites. The second EF-hand appears to be more important in dictating affinity and mediating the conformational changes which occur on calcium ion binding. There is positive cooperativity between the four calcium ion binding sites in the dimeric form of SmTAL1. Both the EF-hand domain and the DLC-domain dimerise independently suggesting that both play a role in forming the SmTAL1 dimer. SmTAL1 binds non-cooperatively to PZQ and cooperatively to an IQ-motif from SmCav1B, a voltage-gated calcium channel. PZQ tends to strengthen this interaction, although the relationship is complex. These data suggest the hypothesis that SmTAL1 regulates at least one voltage-gated calcium channel and PZQ interferes with this process. This may be important in the molecular mechanism of this drug. It also suggests that compounds which bind SmTAL1, such as six from the Medicines for Malaria Box identified in this work, may represent possible leads for the discovery of novel antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte M Thomas
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK
| | - David J Timson
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Huxley Building, Lewes Road, Brighton, BN2 4GJ, UK.
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