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Abdelaziz AA, Kamer AMA, Al-Monofy KB, Al-Madboly LA. Pseudomonas aeruginosa's greenish-blue pigment pyocyanin: its production and biological activities. Microb Cell Fact 2023; 22:110. [PMID: 37291560 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-023-02122-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
A subject of great interest is the bioprospecting of microorganisms and their bioactive byproducts, such as pigments. Microbial pigments have various benefits, including being safe to use due to their natural makeup, having therapeutic effects, and being produced all year round, regardless of the weather or location. Pseudomonas aeruginosa produces phenazine pigments that are crucial for interactions between Pseudomonas species and other living things. Pyocyanin pigment, which is synthesized by 90-95% of P. aeruginosa, has potent antibacterial, antioxidant, and anticancer properties. Herein, we will concentrate on the production and extraction of pyocyanin pigment and its biological use in different areas of biotechnology, engineering, and biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A Abdelaziz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Amal M Abo Kamer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Khaled B Al-Monofy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.
| | - Lamiaa A Al-Madboly
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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2
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Rajapaksha DC, Edirisinghe SL, Nikapitiya C, Whang I, De Zoysa M. The Antimicrobial Peptide Octopromycin Suppresses Biofilm Formation and Quorum Sensing in Acinetobacter baumannii. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12030623. [PMID: 36978490 PMCID: PMC10044867 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12030623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii is an opportunistic bacterial pathogen that causes severe infections in immunocompromised individuals. A. baumannii forms biofilm and produces extracellular matrix, which supports bacteria to survive under harsh conditions and be resistant to antibacterial treatments. In the present study, we investigated the biofilm and quorum-sensing inhibitory effects of antimicrobial peptide, octopromycin in A. baumannii. Field emission-scanning electron microscopy results clearly showed significantly reduced biofilm mass and caused a collapse in biofilm architecture at the minimum inhibitory concentration (50 µg/mL) and minimum bactericidal concentration (200 µg/mL) of octopromycin. Antibiotic-resistant persister cells of A. baumannii were successfully killed by octopromycin treatment, and it inhibited violacein production in Chromobacterium violaceum in a concentration-dependent manner. Octopromycin also inhibited alginate production, surface movements (swarming and swimming), and twitching motility of A. baumannnii, confirming its anti-quorum-sensing activity. Multiple metabolic pathways, two-component regulation systems, quorum-sensing, and antibiotic synthesis-related pathways in A. baumannii biofilms were strongly affected by octopromycin treatment. The collective findings indicate that the antibacterial peptide octopromycin may control A. baumannii biofilms through multi-target interactions. Octopromycin could be a desirable therapeutic option for the prevention and control of A. baumannii infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinusha Chathurangi Rajapaksha
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Shan Lakmal Edirisinghe
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Chamilani Nikapitiya
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Ilson Whang
- National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea (MABIK), 75, Jangsan-ro 101 beon-gil, Janghang-eup, Seochun-gun 33662, Chungchungnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Mahanama De Zoysa
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
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3
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Nnorom MA, Saroj D, Avery L, Hough R, Guo B. A review of the impact of conductive materials on antibiotic resistance genes during the anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge and animal manure. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 446:130628. [PMID: 36586329 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The urgent need to reduce the environmental burden of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) has become even more apparent as concerted efforts are made globally to tackle the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance. Concerning levels of ARGs abound in sewage sludge and animal manure, and their inadequate attenuation during conventional anaerobic digestion (AD) compromises the safety of the digestate, a nutrient-rich by-product of AD commonly recycled to agricultural land for improvement of soil quality. Exogenous ARGs introduced into the natural environment via the land application of digestate can be transferred from innocuous environmental bacteria to clinically relevant bacteria by horizontal gene transfer (HGT) and may eventually reach humans through food, water, and air. This review, therefore, discusses the prospects of using carbon- and iron-based conductive materials (CMs) as additives to mitigate the proliferation of ARGs during the AD of sewage sludge and animal manure. The review spotlights the core mechanisms underpinning the influence of CMs on the resistome profile, the steps to maximize ARG attenuation using CMs, and the current knowledge gaps. Data and information gathered indicate that CMs can profoundly reduce the abundance of ARGs in the digestate by easing selective pressure on ARGs, altering microbial community structure, and diminishing HGT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mac-Anthony Nnorom
- Centre for Environmental Health and Engineering (CEHE), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - Devendra Saroj
- Centre for Environmental Health and Engineering (CEHE), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - Lisa Avery
- The James Hutton Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen AB15 8QH, United Kingdom
| | - Rupert Hough
- The James Hutton Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen AB15 8QH, United Kingdom
| | - Bing Guo
- Centre for Environmental Health and Engineering (CEHE), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom.
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4
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Sousa A, Phung AN, Škalko-Basnet N, Obuobi S. Smart delivery systems for microbial biofilm therapy: Dissecting design, drug release and toxicological features. J Control Release 2023; 354:394-416. [PMID: 36638844 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial biofilms are highly protected surface attached communities of bacteria that typically cause chronic infections. To address their recalcitrance to antibiotics and minimise side effects of current therapies, smart drug carriers are being explored as promising platforms for antimicrobials. Herein, we briefly summarize recent efforts and considerations that have been applied in the design of these smart carriers. We guide readers on a journey on how they can leverage the inherent biofilm microenvironment, external stimuli, or combine both types of stimuli in a predictable manner. The specific carrier features that are responsible for their 'on-demand' properties are detailed and their impact on antibiofilm property are further discussed. Moreover, an analysis on the impact of such features on drug release profiles is provided. Since nanotechnology represents a significant slice of the drug delivery pie, some insights on the potential toxicity are also depicted. We hope that this review inspires researchers to use their knowledge and creativity to design responsive systems that can eradicate biofilm infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sousa
- Drug Transport and Delivery Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, UIT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - A Ngoc Phung
- Drug Transport and Delivery Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, UIT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - N Škalko-Basnet
- Drug Transport and Delivery Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, UIT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - S Obuobi
- Drug Transport and Delivery Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, UIT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
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5
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Tibbits G, Mohamed A, Gelston S, Flurin L, Raval YS, Greenwood-Quaintance KE, Patel R, Beyenal H. Activity of a hypochlorous acid-producing electrochemical bandage as assessed with a porcine explant biofilm model. Biotechnol Bioeng 2023; 120:250-259. [PMID: 36168277 PMCID: PMC10091757 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The activity of a hypochlorous acid-producing electrochemical bandage (e-bandage) in preventing methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection (MRSA) infection and removing biofilms formed by MRSA was assessed using a porcine explant biofilm model. e-Bandages inhibited S. aureus infection (p = 0.029) after 12 h (h) of exposure and reduced 3-day biofilm viable cell counts after 6, 12, and 24 h exposures (p = 0.029). Needle-type microelectrodes were used to assess HOCl concentrations in explant tissue as a result of e-bandage treatment; toxicity associated with e-bandage treatment was evaluated. HOCl concentrations in infected and uninfected explant tissue varied between 30 and 80 µM, decreasing with increasing distance from the e-bandage. Eukaryotic cell viability was reduced by an average of 71% and 65% in fresh and day 3-old explants, respectively, when compared to explants exposed to nonpolarized e-bandages. HOCl e-bandages are a promising technology that can be further developed as an antibiotic-free treatment for wound biofilm infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gretchen Tibbits
- The Gene and Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Abdelrhman Mohamed
- The Gene and Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Suzanne Gelston
- The Gene and Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Laure Flurin
- Divison of Clinical Microbiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Yash S Raval
- Divison of Clinical Microbiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Robin Patel
- Divison of Clinical Microbiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.,Division of Public Health, Infectious Diseases and Occupational Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Haluk Beyenal
- The Gene and Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
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6
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Mohamed A, Raval YS, Gelston S, Tibbits G, Ay SU, Flurin L, Greenwood-Quaintance KE, Patel R, Beyenal H. Anti-Biofilm Activity of a Tunable Hypochlorous Acid-Generating Electrochemical Bandage Controlled By a Wearable Potentiostat. ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATERIALS 2023; 25:2200792. [PMID: 36817722 PMCID: PMC9937732 DOI: 10.1002/adem.202200792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Chronic wound biofilm infections represent a major clinical challenge which results in a substantial burden to patients and healthcare systems. Treatment with topical antibiotics is oftentimes ineffective as a result of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms and biofilm-specific antibiotic tolerance. Use of biocides such as hypochlorous acid (HOCl) has gained increasing attention due to the lack of known resistance mechanisms. We designed an HOCl-generating electrochemical bandage (e-bandage) that delivers HOCl continuously at low concentrations targeting infected wound beds in a similar manner to adhesive antimicrobial wound dressings. We developed a battery-operated wearable potentiostat that controls the e-bandage electrodes at potentials suitable for HOCl generation. We demonstrated that e-bandage treatment was tunable by changing the applied potential. HOCl generation on electrode surfaces was verified using microelectrodes. The developed e-bandage showed time-dependent responses against in vitro Acinetobacter baumannii and Staphylococcus aureus biofilms, reducing viable cells to non-detectable levels within 6 and 12 hours of treatment, respectively. The developed e-bandage should be further evaluated as an alternative to topical antibiotics to treat wound biofilm infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelrhman Mohamed
- The Gene and Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Yash S. Raval
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Suzanne Gelston
- The Gene and Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Gretchen Tibbits
- The Gene and Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Suat U. Ay
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Idaho, Moscow
| | - Laure Flurin
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Intensive Care, University Hospital of Guadeloupe, Pointe-à-Pitre, France
| | | | - Robin Patel
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Division of Public Health, Infectious Diseases, and Occupational Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Haluk Beyenal
- The Gene and Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Pullman, WA, USA
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7
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Tibbits G, Mohamed A, Gelston S, Flurin L, Raval YS, Greenwood‐Quaintance K, Patel R, Beyenal H. Efficacy and toxicity of hydrogen peroxide producing electrochemical bandages in a porcine explant biofilm model. J Appl Microbiol 2022; 133:3755-3767. [PMID: 36073322 PMCID: PMC9671841 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Effects of H2 O2 producing electrochemical-bandages (e-bandages) on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus colonization and biofilm removal were assessed using a porcine explant biofilm model. Transport of H2 O2 produced from the e-bandage into explant tissue and associated potential toxicity were evaluated. METHODS AND RESULTS Viable prokaryotic cells from infected explants were quantified after 48 h treatment with e-bandages in three ex vivo S. aureus infection models: (1) reducing colonization, (2) removing young biofilms and (3) removing mature biofilms. H2 O2 concentration-depth profiles in explants/biofilms were measured using microelectrodes. Reductions in eukaryotic cell viability of polarized and nonpolarized noninfected explants were compared. e-Bandages effectively reduced S. aureus colonization (p = 0.029) and reduced the viable prokaryotic cell concentrations of young biofilms (p = 0.029) with limited effects on mature biofilms (p > 0.1). H2 O2 penetrated biofilms and explants and reduced eukaryotic cell viability by 32-44% compared to nonpolarized explants. CONCLUSIONS H2 O2 producing e-bandages were most active when used to reduce colonization and remove young biofilms rather than to remove mature biofilms. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF STUDY The described e-bandages reduced S. aureus colonization and young S. aureus biofilms in a porcine explant wound model, supporting their further development as an antibiotic-free alternative for managing biofilm infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gretchen Tibbits
- The Gene and Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and BioengineeringWashington State UniversityPullmanWashingtonUSA
| | - Abdelrhman Mohamed
- The Gene and Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and BioengineeringWashington State UniversityPullmanWashingtonUSA
| | - Suzanne Gelston
- The Gene and Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and BioengineeringWashington State UniversityPullmanWashingtonUSA
| | - Laure Flurin
- Division of Clinical MicrobiologyMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
| | - Yash S. Raval
- Division of Clinical MicrobiologyMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
| | | | - Robin Patel
- Division of Clinical MicrobiologyMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA,Division of Public Health, Infectious Diseases and Occupational MedicineMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
| | - Haluk Beyenal
- The Gene and Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and BioengineeringWashington State UniversityPullmanWashingtonUSA
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8
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Antioxidant, Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Properties of Glechoma hederacea Extracts Obtained by Supercritical Fluid Extraction, Using Different Extraction Conditions. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12073572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Glechoma hederacea var. longituba is a herbaceous plant from the Lamiaceae family, used in herbal medicine. In this work, we aimed to assess the total phenolic content, antioxidant, antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity of extracts obtained from G. hederacea via supercritical dioxide extraction with methanol as a co-solvent under different extraction conditions. The results showed that the activity of the obtained SC-CO2 extracts is strongly dependent on the extraction temperature. Significantly higher total polyphenol content, as well as antioxidant and antimicrobial activity towards bacteria and yeasts, was observed in the extract obtained at 40 °C, compared to extracts obtained at 50 °C and 60 °C; however, antifungal activity against filamentous fungi was not dependent on the extraction conditions. Antimicrobial activity also depended on the microorganism type. Higher sensitivity was exhibited by Gram-positive bacteria than by Gram-negative bacteria, with S. aureus and P. aeruginosa being the most sensitive species among each group. The most susceptible fungi were Candida albicans and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. The antibiofilm activity was differentiated and depended on the extraction conditions, the microorganism and the method of biofilm treatment. All tested extracts inhibited biofilm formation, with the extract obtained at 40 °C showing the highest value, whereas only extract obtained at 60 °C efficiently removed mature biofilm.
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9
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Alzahrani AY, Ammar YA, Salem MA, Abu-Elghait M, Ragab A. Design, synthesis, molecular modeling, and antimicrobial potential of novel 3-[(1H-pyrazol-3-yl)imino]indolin-2-one derivatives as DNA gyrase inhibitors. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2021; 355:e2100266. [PMID: 34747519 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202100266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A series of 3-[(1H-pyrazol-3-yl)imino]indolin-2-one derivatives were designed using the molecular hybridization method, characterized using different spectroscopic techniques, and evaluated for their in vitro antimicrobial activity. Most of the target compounds demonstrated good to moderate antimicrobial activity compared with ciprofloxacin and fluconazole. Four compounds (8b, 9a, 9c, and 10a) showed encouraging results, with minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values (53.45-258.32 µM) comparable to those of norfloxacin (100.31-200.63 µM) and ciprofloxacin (48.33-96.68 µM). Noticeably, the four derivatives revealed excellent bactericidal and fungicidal activities, except for the bacteriostatic potential of compounds 8b and 9a against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, respectively. The time-killing kinetic study against S. aureus confirmed the efficacy of these derivatives. Furthermore, two of the four promising derivatives, 9a and 10a, could prevent the formation of biofilms of S. aureus without affecting the bacterial growth at low concentrations. A combination study with seven commercial antibiotics against the multidrug-resistant bacterium P. aeruginosa showed a notable reduction in the antibiotic MIC values, represented mainly through a synergistic or additive effect. The enzymatic assay implied that the most active derivatives had inhibition potency against DNA gyrase comparable to that of ciprofloxacin. Molecular docking and density functional theory calculations were performed to explore the binding mode and study the reactivity of the promising compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Y Alzahrani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Arts, King Khalid University, Mohail, Assir, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yousry A Ammar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Salem
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Arts, King Khalid University, Mohail, Assir, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Abu-Elghait
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Ragab
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
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10
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Santos LM, Rodrigues DM, Kalil MA, Azevedo V, Meyer R, Umsza-Guez MA, Machado BA, Seyffert N, Portela RW. Activity of Ethanolic and Supercritical Propolis Extracts in Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis and Its Associated Biofilm. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:700030. [PMID: 34540932 PMCID: PMC8440938 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.700030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis is the etiological agent of caseous lymphadenitis in small ruminants, a chronic disease characterized by the development of granulomas in superficial and visceral lymph nodes as well as in several organs. An important characteristic of the infection with this bacterium is the formation of a biofilm and the absence of effective antibiotic therapy against the disease. From this scenario, the objective of this study was to evaluate the susceptibility of C. pseudotuberculosis to conventional antibiotics and to red, green, and brown propolis extracts obtained by the supercritical and ethanolic extraction methods as well as its activity in the bacterial biofilm. The results of the sensitivity test using antibiotics indicated a sensitivity of C. pseudotuberculosis strains to the antimicrobial agents. The ethanolic extract of green propolis and the supercritical red propolis extract showed the best antibacterial activities against planktonic C. pseudotuberculosis. A lower antimicrobial activity of the brown propolis extract was identified. Propolis extracts were effective in interfering with the formation of the C. pseudotuberculosis biofilm but had little activity on the consolidated biofilm. In conclusion, propolis extracts are more effective against C. pseudotuberculosis in the planktonic stage, being able to interfere with the formation of bacterial biofilm. However, the action of propolis extracts in a sessile and structured microbial biofilm is reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laerte Marlon Santos
- Laboratório de Imunologia e Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil.,Instituto de Tecnologia em Saúde, CIMATEC-SENAI, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Daniela Méria Rodrigues
- Laboratório de Imunologia e Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Maurício Alcantara Kalil
- Laboratório de Imunologia e Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Vasco Azevedo
- Laboratório de Genética Celular e Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Roberto Meyer
- Laboratório de Imunologia e Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | | | | | - Nubia Seyffert
- Laboratório de Imunologia e Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Wagner Portela
- Laboratório de Imunologia e Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
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11
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Novel Nitro-Heteroaromatic Antimicrobial Agents for the Control and Eradication of Biofilm-Forming Bacteria. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10070855. [PMID: 34356776 PMCID: PMC8300661 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10070855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis and biological activity of several novel nitrothiazole, nitrobenzothiazole, and nitrofuran containing antimicrobial agents for the eradication of biofilm-forming Gram-negative and Gram-positive pathogens is described. Nitazoxanide (NTZ), nitrofurantoin, and furazolidone are commercial antimicrobials which were used as models to show how structural modification improved activity toward planktonic bacteria via minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assays and biofilms via minimum biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC) assays. Structure–activity relationship (SAR) studies illustrate the ways in which improvements have been made to the aforementioned antimicrobial agents. It is of particular interest in this regard that the introduction of a chloro substituent at the 5-position of NTZ (analog 1b) resulted in marked activity enhancement, as did the replacement of the 2-acetoxy substituent in the latter compound with a basic amine group (analog 7b). It is also of importance that analog 4a, which is a simple methacrylamide, displayed noteworthy activity against S. epidermidis biofilms. These lead compounds identified to have high activity towards biofilms provide promise as starting points in future pro-drug studies.
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12
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Bogue AL, Panmanee W, McDaniel CT, Mortensen JE, Kamau E, Actis LA, Johannigman JA, Schurr MJ, Satish L, Kotagiri N, Hassett DJ. AB569, a non-toxic combination of acidified nitrite and EDTA, is effective at killing the notorious Iraq/Afghanistan combat wound pathogens, multi-drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii and Acinetobacter spp. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0247513. [PMID: 33657146 PMCID: PMC7928478 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Multi-drug resistant (MDR) Acinetobacter baumannii (Ab) and Acinetobacter spp. present monumental global health challenges. These organisms represent model Gram-negative pathogens with known antibiotic resistance and biofilm-forming properties. Herein, a novel, nontoxic biocide, AB569, consisting of acidified nitrite (A-NO2-) and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), demonstrated bactericidal activity against all Ab and Acinetobacter spp. strains, respectively. Average fractional inhibitory concentrations (FICs) of 0.25 mM EDTA plus 4 mM A-NO2- were observed across several clinical reference and multiple combat wound isolates from the Iraq/Afghanistan wars. Importantly, toxicity testing on human dermal fibroblasts (HDFa) revealed an upper toxicity limit of 3 mM EDTA plus 64 mM A-NO2-, and thus are in the therapeutic range for effective Ab and Acinetobacter spp. treatment. Following treatment of Ab strain ATCC 19606 with AB569, quantitative PCR analysis of selected genes products to be responsive to AB569 revealed up-regulation of iron regulated genes involved in siderophore production, siderophore biosynthesis non-ribosomal peptide synthetase module (SBNRPSM), and siderophore biosynthesis protein monooxygenase (SBPM) when compared to untreated organisms. Taken together, treating Ab infections with AB569 at inhibitory concentrations reveals the potential clinical application of preventing Ab from gaining an early growth advantage during infection followed by extensive bactericidal activity upon subsequent exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy L. Bogue
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
- Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton (Wright-Patterson Air Force Base), Dayton, OH, United States of America
| | - Warunya Panmanee
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Cameron T. McDaniel
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Joel E. Mortensen
- Diagnostic Infectious Disease Testing Laboratory and Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Edwin Kamau
- Walter Reed National Military Medical Center (WRNMMC), Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Luis A. Actis
- Department of Microbiology, Miami University, Oxford, OH, United States of America
| | - Jay A. Johannigman
- U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research, San Antonio, TX, United States of America
| | - Michael J. Schurr
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz School of Medicine, Denver, CO, United States of America
| | - Latha Satish
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
- College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Nalinikanth Kotagiri
- Research Department, Shriners Hospitals for Children- Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Daniel J. Hassett
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Acinetobacter baumannii LOS Regulate the Expression of Inflammatory Cytokine Genes and Proteins in Human Mast Cells. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10030290. [PMID: 33802578 PMCID: PMC7998227 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10030290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, we investigated the effect of bacterial lipooligosaccharides (LOS), from Acinetobacter baumannii, on the expression of pro-inflammatory genes that play an essential role in bacterial clearance. LAD2 human mast cells were stimulated with LOS derived from two strains of A. baumannii—ATCC 19606 and MDRA T14. LOS exposure induced the expression of genes for pro-inflammatory mediators, including TNF-α, IL-8, LTC4S, CCL4, and TLR4. The mRNA expression levels of a majority of the pro-inflammatory genes, except TLR4, in A. baumannii-LOS stimulated mast cells were increased. Moreover, co-culture of neutrophils with the supernatant obtained from LOS (ATCC 19606 and MDRA T14)-induced LAD2 cells increased the transmigration of neutrophils, which plays a critical role in the early protection against bacterial infections. The results of the present study suggest that LOS could be involved in the pathogenicity of A. baumannii by inducing inflammatory responses via mast cells and that IL-8 is involved in recruiting neutrophils in response to bacterial invasion.
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14
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Walsh DJ, Livinghouse T, Durling GM, Arnold AD, Brasier W, Berry L, Goeres DM, Stewart PS. Novel phenolic antimicrobials enhanced activity of iminodiacetate prodrugs against biofilm and planktonic bacteria. Chem Biol Drug Des 2021; 97:134-147. [PMID: 32844569 PMCID: PMC7821224 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Prodrugs are pharmacologically attenuated derivatives of drugs that undergo bioconversion into the active compound once reaching the targeted site, thereby maximizing their efficiency. This strategy has been implemented in pharmaceuticals to overcome obstacles related to absorption, distribution, and metabolism, as well as with intracellular dyes to ensure concentration within cells. In this study, we provide the first examples of a prodrug strategy that can be applied to simple phenolic antimicrobials to increase their potency against mature biofilms. The addition of (acetoxy)methyl iminodiacetate groups increases the otherwise modest potency of simple phenols. Biofilm-forming bacteria exhibit a heightened tolerance toward antimicrobial agents, thereby accentuating the need for new antibiotics as well as those, which incorporate novel delivery strategies to enhance activity toward biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danica J. Walsh
- Chemistry and BiochemistryMontana State UniversityBozemanMTUSA
- Center for Biofilm EngineeringMontana State UniversityBozemanMTUSA
| | - Tom Livinghouse
- Chemistry and BiochemistryMontana State UniversityBozemanMTUSA
| | - Greg M. Durling
- Chemistry and BiochemistryMontana State UniversityBozemanMTUSA
| | - Adrienne D. Arnold
- Center for Biofilm EngineeringMontana State UniversityBozemanMTUSA
- Microbiology and ImmunologyMontana State UniversityBozemanMTUSA
| | - Whitney Brasier
- Center for Biofilm EngineeringMontana State UniversityBozemanMTUSA
| | - Luke Berry
- Chemistry and BiochemistryMontana State UniversityBozemanMTUSA
| | - Darla M. Goeres
- Center for Biofilm EngineeringMontana State UniversityBozemanMTUSA
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15
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Antibiofilm and antivirulence efficacy of myrtenol enhances the antibiotic susceptibility of Acinetobacter baumannii. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21975. [PMID: 33319862 PMCID: PMC7738676 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79128-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii (AB) is rising as a human pathogen of critical priority worldwide as it is the leading cause of chronic opportunistic infections in healthcare settings and the condition is ineradicable with antibiotic therapy. AB possesses the ability to form biofilm on abiotic as well as biotic surfaces which plays a major role in its pathogenesis and resistance in clinical settings. Hence, the demand for an alternative therapy to combat the biofilm-associated infections is increasing. The present study explored the antibiofilm potential of myrtenol, a bicyclic monoterpene present in various plants against reference and clinical strains of AB. Myrtenol (200 μg/mL) exhibited a strong antibiofilm activity without exerting any harmful effect on growth and metabolic viability of AB strains. Microscopic analyses confirmed the reduction in the biofilm thickness and surface coverage upon myrtenol treatment. Especially, myrtenol was found to be effective in disrupting the mature biofilms of tested AB strains. Furthermore, myrtenol inhibited the biofilm-associated virulence factors of AB strains such as extracellular polysaccharide, cell surface hydrophobicity, oxidant resistance, swarming and twitching motility. Transcriptional analysis unveiled the suppression of the biofilm-associated genes such as bfmR, csuA/B, bap, ompA, pgaA, pgaC, and katE by myrtenol. Notably, myrtenol improved the susceptibility of AB strains towards conventional antibiotics such as amikacin, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin and trimethoprim. Thus, the present study demonstrates the therapeutic potential of myrtenol against biofilm-associated infections of AB.
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16
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Rode DK, Singh PK, Drescher K. Multicellular and unicellular responses of microbial biofilms to stress. Biol Chem 2020; 401:1365-1374. [DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2020-0213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
AbstractBiofilms are a ubiquitous mode of microbial life and display an increased tolerance to different stresses. Inside biofilms, cells may experience both externally applied stresses and internal stresses that emerge as a result of growth in spatially structured communities. In this review, we discuss the spatial scales of different stresses in the context of biofilms, and if cells in biofilms respond to these stresses as a collection of individual cells, or if there are multicellular properties associated with the response. Understanding the organizational level of stress responses in microbial communities can help to clarify multicellular functions of biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel K.H. Rode
- Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Karl-von-Frisch-Str. 16, D-35043 Marburg, Germany
- Department of Physics, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Str. 16, D-35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Praveen K. Singh
- Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Karl-von-Frisch-Str. 16, D-35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Knut Drescher
- Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Karl-von-Frisch-Str. 16, D-35043 Marburg, Germany
- Department of Physics, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Str. 16, D-35043 Marburg, Germany
- SYNMIKRO Center for Synthetic Microbiology, Karl-von-Frisch-Str. 16, D-35043 Marburg, Germany
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17
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Sequential Hypertonic-Hypotonic Treatment Enhances Efficacy of Antibiotic against Acinetobacter baumannii Biofilm Communities. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9110832. [PMID: 33233331 PMCID: PMC7700435 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9110832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Infections with bacterial biofilm communities are highly tolerant of antibiotics. This protection is attributed, in part, to a hydrated extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) that surrounds the bacterial community and that limits antibiotic diffusion. In this study, we evaluated whether it is possible to dehydrate and then re-hydrate a biofilm as a means to increase antibiotic penetration and efficacy. Acinetobacter baumannii biofilms (24 h) were exposed to hypertonic concentrations of maltodextrin, sucrose or polyethylene glycol (PEG) as the dehydration step. These biofilms were then washed with deionized water containing 10 times the concentration of antibiotics needed to kill these bacteria in broth culture (50 µg/mL tobramycin, 300 µg/mL chloramphenicol, 20 µg/mL ciprofloxacin or 100 µg/mL erythromycin) as the rehydration step. Biofilms were then harvested, and the number of viable cells was determined. Sequential treatment with PEG and tobramycin reduced cell counts 4 to 7 log (p < 0.05) relative to combining PEG and tobramycin in a single treatment, and 3 to 7 log relative to tobramycin treatment alone (p < 0.05). Results were variable for other osmotic compounds and antibiotics depending on the concentrations used, likely related to mass and hydrophobicity. Our findings support future clinical evaluation of sequential regimens of hypertonic and hypotonic solutions to enhance antibiotic efficacy against chronic biofilm infections.
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18
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Sabarinathan D, Vanaraj S, Sathiskumar S, Poorna Chandrika S, Sivarasan G, Arumugam SS, Preethi K, Li H, Chen Q. Characterization and application of rhamnolipid from Pseudomonas plecoglossicida BP03. Lett Appl Microbiol 2020; 72:251-262. [PMID: 33025574 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The production of rhamnolipid (glycolipid) biosurfactant was achieved under optimized conditions from newly isolated bacteria (Pseudomonas plecoglossicida BP03) from rice mill effluent. The isolated biosurfactant was structurally characterized using FTIR and NMR spectroscopic studies. The obtained biosurfactant (1·39 g l-1 ) showed a variety of applications including larvicidal and pupicidal activity against malarial vector (Anopheles sunadicus). It also exhibited antimicrobial activity against human pathogens, and possessed potent anti-biofilm activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis and Aeromonas hydrophila. The obtained biosurfactant showed a dose-dependent inhibition of exopolymeric substance (EPS) and growth curve in S. aureus. Furthermore, the cytotoxicity assays revealed that the biosurfactant exhibit a cytotoxic potency against the human fibroblastic sarcoma cells Ht-1080. An in silco analysis was also performed using Schrodinger maestro 9.3 against surface protein (SasG) of S. aureus, and the resultant analysis revealed an interactive docking score of -3·4 kcal mol-1 . The obtained result indicates that the synthesized economically viable biosurfactant ensures excellent applications towards various fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Sabarinathan
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - S Vanaraj
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - S Sathiskumar
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Biopharmacy Lab, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Poorna Chandrika
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - G Sivarasan
- Department of Applied Medical Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - S S Arumugam
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - K Preethi
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Biopharmacy Lab, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - H Li
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Q Chen
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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19
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Paul Bhattacharya S, Mitra A, Bhattacharya A, Sen A. Quorum quenching activity of pentacyclic triterpenoids leads to inhibition of biofilm formation by Acinetobacter baumannii. BIOFOULING 2020; 36:922-937. [PMID: 33103466 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2020.1831480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The quorum quenching (QQ) potential of three pentacyclic triterpenoids, glycyrrhetinic acid (GRA), ursolic acid (UA) and betulinic acid (BA), representing distinct groups of compounds, was evaluated. Violacein production by Chromobacterium violaceum and pyocyanin production by Pseudomonas aeruginosa were severely affected by GRA, UA and BA, suggesting a perturbation of N-acyl homoserine lactone (ASL) based signaling. Molecular docking analysis revealed a possible interaction between ASL-synthase and ASL-dependent transcriptional activator homologs from P. aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii with common binding pockets for GRA, UA and BA. The triterpenoids inhibited biofilm formation by A. baumannii and affected the overall structure of biofilms. When administered in combination, two of the three molecules fostered antibiotic action against A. baumannii biofilms, widening the scope for developing novel combinations against the pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Akash Mitra
- Department of Microbiology, Adamas University, Kolkata, India
| | | | - Aparna Sen
- Department of Microbiology, Lady Brabourne College, Kolkata, India
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20
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Walsh DJ, Livinghouse T, Durling GM, Chase-Bayless Y, Arnold AD, Stewart PS. Sulfenate Esters of Simple Phenols Exhibit Enhanced Activity against Biofilms. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:6010-6020. [PMID: 32226882 PMCID: PMC7098047 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b04392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The recalcitrance exhibited by microbial biofilms to conventional disinfectants has motivated the development of new chemical strategies to control and eradicate biofilms. The activities of several small phenolic compounds and their trichloromethylsulfenyl ester derivatives were evaluated against planktonic cells and mature biofilms of Staphylococcus epidermidis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Some of the phenolic parent compounds are well-studied constituents of plant essential oils, for example, eugenol, menthol, carvacrol, and thymol. The potency of sulfenate ester derivatives was markedly and consistently increased toward both planktonic cells and biofilms. The mean fold difference between the parent and derivative minimum inhibitory concentration against planktonic cells was 44 for S. epidermidis and 16 for P. aeruginosa. The mean fold difference between the parent and derivative biofilm eradication concentration for 22 tested compounds against both S. epidermidis and P. aeruginosa was 3. This work demonstrates the possibilities of a new class of biofilm-targeting disinfectants deploying a sulfenate ester functional group to increase the antimicrobial potency toward microorganisms in biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danica J Walsh
- Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, United States
- Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, United States
| | - Tom Livinghouse
- Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, United States
| | - Greg M Durling
- Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, United States
| | - Yenny Chase-Bayless
- Fish and Wildlife, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, United States
| | - Adrienne D Arnold
- Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, United States
| | - Philip S Stewart
- Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, United States
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21
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Machineni L. Effects of biotic and abiotic factors on biofilm growth dynamics and their heterogeneous response to antibiotic challenge. J Biosci 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12038-020-9990-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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22
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Machineni L. Effects of biotic and abiotic factors on biofilm growth dynamics and their heterogeneous response to antibiotic challenge. J Biosci 2020; 45:25. [PMID: 32020907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Over the last couple of decades, with the crisis of new antimicrobial arsenal, multidrug-resistant clinical pathogens have been observed extensively. In clinical and medical settings, these persistent pathogens predominantly grow as complex heterogeneous structures enmeshed in a self-produced exopolysaccharide matrix, termed as biofilms. Since biofilms can rapidly form by adapting new environmental surroundings and have potential effect on human health, it is critical to study them promptly and consistently. Biofilm infections are challenging in the contamination of medical devices and implantations, food processing and pharmaceutical industrial settings, and in dental area caries, periodontitis and so on. The persistence of infections associated with biofilms has been mainly attributed to the increased antibiotic resistance offered by the cells growing in biofilms. In fact, it is well known that this recalcitrance of bacterial biofilms is multifactorial, and there are several resistance mechanisms that may act in parallel in order to provide an enhanced level of resistance to the biofilm. In combination, distinct resistance mechanisms significantly decrease our ability to control and eradicate biofilm-associated infections with current antimicrobial arsenal. In addition, various factors are known to influence the process of biofilm formation, growth dynamics, and their heterogeneous response towards antibiotic therapy. The current review discusses the contribution of cellular and physiochemical factors on the growth dynamics of biofilm, especially their role in antibiotic resistance mechanisms of bacterial population living in surface attached growth mode. A systematic investigation on the effects and treatment of biofilms may pave the way for novel therapeutic strategies to prevent and treat biofilms in healthcare and industrial settings.
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23
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Verderosa AD, Totsika M, Fairfull-Smith KE. Bacterial Biofilm Eradication Agents: A Current Review. Front Chem 2019; 7:824. [PMID: 31850313 PMCID: PMC6893625 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 267] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Most free-living bacteria can attach to surfaces and aggregate to grow into multicellular communities encased in extracellular polymeric substances called biofilms. Biofilms are recalcitrant to antibiotic therapy and a major cause of persistent and recurrent infections by clinically important pathogens worldwide (e.g., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus). Currently, most biofilm remediation strategies involve the development of biofilm-inhibition agents, aimed at preventing the early stages of biofilm formation, or biofilm-dispersal agents, aimed at disrupting the biofilm cell community. While both strategies offer some clinical promise, neither represents a direct treatment and eradication strategy for established biofilms. Consequently, the discovery and development of biofilm eradication agents as comprehensive, stand-alone biofilm treatment options has become a fundamental area of research. Here we review our current understanding of biofilm antibiotic tolerance mechanisms and provide an overview of biofilm remediation strategies, focusing primarily on the most promising biofilm eradication agents and approaches. Many of these offer exciting prospects for the future of biofilm therapeutics for a large number of infections that are currently refractory to conventional antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony D Verderosa
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,School of Chemistry, Physics, and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Makrina Totsika
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Kathryn E Fairfull-Smith
- School of Chemistry, Physics, and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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24
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Deliorman M, Duatepe FPG, Davenport EK, Fransson BA, Call DR, Beyenal H, Abu-Lail NI. Responses of Acinetobacter baumannii Bound and Loose Extracellular Polymeric Substances to Hyperosmotic Agents Combined with or without Tobramycin: An Atomic Force Microscopy Study. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:9071-9083. [PMID: 31184900 PMCID: PMC7607972 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b01227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
In this work, contributions of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) to the nanoscale mechanisms through which the multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii responds to antimicrobial and hyperosmotic treatments were investigated by atomic force microscopy. Specifically, the adhesion strengths to a control surface of silicon nitride (Si3N4) and the lengths of bacterial surface biopolymers of bound and loose EPS extracted from A. baumannii biofilms were quantified after individual or synergistic treatments with hyperosmotic agents (NaCl and maltodextrin) and an antibiotic (tobramycin). In the absence of any treatment, the loose EPS were significantly longer in length and higher in adhesion to Si3N4 than the bound EPS. When used individually, the hyperosmotic agents and tobramycin collapsed the A. baumannii bound and loose EPS. The combined treatment of maltodextrin with tobramycin collapsed only the loose EPS and did not alter the adhesion of both bound and loose EPS to Si3N4. In addition, the combined treatment was not as effective in collapsing the EPS molecules as when tobramycin was applied alone. Finally, the effects of treatments were dose-dependent. Altogether, our findings suggest that a sequential treatment could be effective in treating A. baumannii biofilms, in which a hyperosmotic agent is used first to collapse the EPS and limit the diffusion of nutrients into the biofilm, followed by the use of an antibiotic to kill the bacterial cells that escape from the biofilm because of starvation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammedin Deliorman
- Division of Engineering, New York University Abu Dhabi, P.O. Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | | | - Emily K. Davenport
- Gene and Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, 99164 Pullman, Washington, United States
| | - Boel A. Fransson
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Washington State University, 99164 Pullman, Washington, United States
| | - Douglas R. Call
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, 99164 Pullman, Washington, United States
| | - Haluk Beyenal
- Gene and Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, 99164 Pullman, Washington, United States
| | - Nehal I. Abu-Lail
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, 78249 San Antonio, Texas, United States
- Corresponding Author:. Phone: +1 210 458 8131
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25
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Gordon V, Bakhtiari L, Kovach K. From molecules to multispecies ecosystems: the roles of structure in bacterial biofilms. Phys Biol 2019; 16:041001. [PMID: 30913545 DOI: 10.1088/1478-3975/ab1384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Biofilms are communities of sessile microbes that are bound to each other by a matrix made of biopolymers and proteins. Spatial structure is present in biofilms on many lengthscales. These range from the nanometer scale of molecular motifs to the hundred-micron scale of multicellular aggregates. Spatial structure is a physical property that impacts the biology of biofilms in many ways. The molecular structure of matrix components controls their interaction with each other (thereby impacting biofilm mechanics) and with diffusing molecules such as antibiotics and immune factors (thereby impacting antibiotic tolerance and evasion of the immune system). The size and structure of multicellular aggregates, combined with microbial consumption of growth substrate, give rise to differentiated microenvironments with different patterns of metabolism and gene expression. Spatial association of more than one species can benefit one or both species, while distances between species can both determine and result from the transport of diffusible factors between species. Thus, a widespread theme in the biological importance of spatial structure in biofilms is the effect of structure on transport. We survey what is known about this and other effects of spatial structure in biofilms, from molecules up to multispecies ecosystems. We conclude with an overview of what experimental approaches have been developed to control spatial structure in biofilms and how these and other experiments can be complemented with computational work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vernita Gordon
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at Austin, Austin TX 78712, United States of America. Center for Nonlinear Dynamics, University of Texas at Austin, Austin TX 78712, United States of America. Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin TX 78712, United States of America. Author to whom any correspondence should be addressed
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26
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Kiamco MM, Zmuda HM, Mohamed A, Call DR, Raval YS, Patel R, Beyenal H. Hypochlorous-Acid-Generating Electrochemical Scaffold for Treatment of Wound Biofilms. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2683. [PMID: 30804362 PMCID: PMC6389966 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-38968-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilm formation causes prolonged wound infections due to the dense biofilm structure, differential gene regulation to combat stress, and production of extracellular polymeric substances. Acinetobacter baumannii, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are three difficult-to-treat biofilm-forming bacteria frequently found in wound infections. This work describes a novel wound dressing in the form of an electrochemical scaffold (e-scaffold) that generates controlled, low concentrations of hypochlorous acid (HOCl) suitable for killing biofilm communities without substantially damaging host tissue. Production of HOCl near the e-scaffold surface was verified by measuring its concentration using needle-type microelectrodes. E-scaffolds producing 17, 10 and 7 mM HOCl completely eradicated S. aureus, A. baumannii, and P. aeruginosa biofilms after 3 hours, 2 hours, and 1 hour, respectively. Cytotoxicity and histopathological assessment showed no discernible harm to host tissues when e-scaffolds were applied to explant biofilms. The described strategy may provide a novel antibiotic-free strategy for treating persistent biofilm-associated infections, such as wound infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mia Mae Kiamco
- The Gene and Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Hannah M Zmuda
- The Gene and Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Abdelrhman Mohamed
- The Gene and Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Douglas R Call
- The Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Yash S Raval
- Divisions of Clinical Microbiology, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Robin Patel
- Divisions of Clinical Microbiology, Rochester, MN, USA
- Divisions of Infectious Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Haluk Beyenal
- The Gene and Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA.
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27
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Mao YH, Song AX, Wang ZM, Yao ZP, Wu JY. Protection of Bifidobacterial cells against antibiotics by a high molecular weight exopolysaccharide of a medicinal fungus Cs-HK1 through physical interactions. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 119:312-319. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.07.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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28
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Costa OYA, Raaijmakers JM, Kuramae EE. Microbial Extracellular Polymeric Substances: Ecological Function and Impact on Soil Aggregation. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1636. [PMID: 30083145 PMCID: PMC6064872 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 384] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A wide range of microorganisms produce extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), highly hydrated polymers that are mainly composed of polysaccharides, proteins, and DNA. EPS are fundamental for microbial life and provide an ideal environment for chemical reactions, nutrient entrapment, and protection against environmental stresses such as salinity and drought. Microbial EPS can enhance the aggregation of soil particles and benefit plants by maintaining the moisture of the environment and trapping nutrients. In addition, EPS have unique characteristics, such as biocompatibility, gelling, and thickening capabilities, with industrial applications. However, despite decades of research on the industrial potential of EPS, only a few polymers are widely used in different areas, especially in agriculture. This review provides an overview of current knowledge on the ecological functions of microbial EPSs and their application in agricultural soils to improve soil particle aggregation, an important factor for soil structure, health, and fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ohana Y. A. Costa
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, Netherlands
- Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Jos M. Raaijmakers
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, Netherlands
- Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Eiko E. Kuramae
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, Netherlands
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Olwal CO, Ang'ienda PO, Onyango DM, Ochiel DO. Susceptibility patterns and the role of extracellular DNA in Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilm resistance to physico-chemical stress exposure. BMC Microbiol 2018; 18:40. [PMID: 29720089 PMCID: PMC5930741 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-018-1183-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Over 65% of human infections are ascribed to bacterial biofilms that are often highly resistant to antibiotics and host immunity. Staphylococcus epidermidis is the predominant cause of recurrent nosocomial and biofilm-related infections. However, the susceptibility patterns of S. epidermidis biofilms to physico-chemical stress induced by commonly recommended disinfectants [(heat, sodium chloride (NaCl), sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)] in domestic and human healthcare settings remains largely unknown. Further, the molecular mechanisms of bacterial biofilms resistance to the physico-chemical stresses remain unclear. Growing evidence demonstrates that extracellular DNA (eDNA) protects bacterial biofilms against antibiotics. However, the role of eDNA as a potential mechanism underlying S. epidermidis biofilms resistance to physico-chemical stress exposure is yet to be understood. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the susceptibility patterns of and eDNA release by S. epidermidis biofilm and planktonic cells to physico-chemical stress exposure. Results S. epidermidis biofilms exposed to physico-chemical stress conditions commonly recommended for disinfection [heat (60 °C), 1.72 M NaCl, solution containing 150 μL of waterguard (0.178 M NaOCl) in 1 L of water or 1.77 M H2O2] for 30 and 60 min exhibited lower log reductions of CFU/mL than the corresponding planktonic cells (p < 0.0001). The eDNA released by sub-lethal heat (50 °C)-treated S. epidermidis biofilm and planktonic cells was not statistically different (p = 0.8501). However, 50 °C-treated S. epidermidis biofilm cells released significantly increased eDNA than the untreated controls (p = 0.0098). The eDNA released by 0.8 M NaCl-treated S. epidermidis biofilm and planktonic cells was not significantly different (p = 0.9697). Conversely, 5 mM NaOCl-treated S. epidermidis biofilms exhibited significantly increased eDNA release than the corresponding planktonic cells (p = 0.0015). Further, the 50 μM H2O2-treated S. epidermidis biofilms released significantly more eDNA than the corresponding planktonic cells (p = 0.021). Conclusions S. epidermidis biofilms were less susceptible to physico-chemical stress induced by the four commonly recommended disinfectants than the analogous planktonic cells. Further, S. epidermidis biofilms enhanced eDNA release in response to the sub-lethal heat and oxidative stress exposure than the corresponding planktonic cells suggesting a role of eDNA in biofilms resistance to the physico-chemical stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Ochieng' Olwal
- Department of Zoology, School of Physical and Biological Sciences, Maseno University, P.O. Box, 333-40105, Maseno, Kenya.
| | - Paul Oyieng' Ang'ienda
- Department of Zoology, School of Physical and Biological Sciences, Maseno University, P.O. Box, 333-40105, Maseno, Kenya
| | - David Miruka Onyango
- Department of Zoology, School of Physical and Biological Sciences, Maseno University, P.O. Box, 333-40105, Maseno, Kenya
| | - Daniel Otieno Ochiel
- Department of Zoology, School of Physical and Biological Sciences, Maseno University, P.O. Box, 333-40105, Maseno, Kenya
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Kreth J, Giacaman RA, Raghavan R, Merritt J. The road less traveled - defining molecular commensalism with Streptococcus sanguinis. Mol Oral Microbiol 2017; 32:181-196. [PMID: 27476770 PMCID: PMC5288394 DOI: 10.1111/omi.12170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The commensal oral microbial flora has evolved with the human host to support colonization of the various intraoral sites without triggering a significant immune response. In exchange, the commensal microbes provide critical protection against invading pathogens. The intrinsic ability of the oral flora to create a symbiotic microbial community with the host can be disturbed, selecting for the overgrowth of a dysbiotic community that can result in dental diseases, such as caries and periodontitis. Although the mechanisms of molecular pathogenesis in oral diseases are well characterized, much less is known about the molecular mechanisms used by the commensal flora to maintain oral health. Here we focus on the commensal species Streptococcus sanguinis, which is found in abundance in the early oral biofilm and is strongly correlated with oral health. Streptococcus sanguinis exhibits a variety of features that make it ideally suited as a model organism to explore the molecular basis for commensalism. As such, this review will describe our current mechanistic understanding of S. sanguinis commensalism and speculate upon its molecular traits that may be exploitable to maintain or restore oral health under conditions that would otherwise lead to disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Kreth
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Rodrigo A. Giacaman
- Cariology Unit, Department of Oral Rehabilitation and Interdisciplinary Excellence Research Program on Healthy Aging (PIEI-ES), University of Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Rahul Raghavan
- Department of Biology and Center for Life in Extreme Environments, Portland State University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Justin Merritt
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
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31
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Eradication of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms and persister cells using an electrochemical scaffold and enhanced antibiotic susceptibility. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2016. [PMID: 28649396 PMCID: PMC5460242 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-016-0003-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilms in chronic wounds are known to contain a persister subpopulation that exhibits enhanced multidrug tolerance and can quickly rebound after therapeutic treatment. The presence of these “persister cells” is partly responsible for the failure of antibiotic therapies and incomplete elimination of biofilms. Electrochemical methods combined with antibiotics have been suggested as an effective alternative for biofilm and persister cell elimination, yet the mechanism of action for improved antibiotic efficacy remains unclear. In this work, an electrochemical scaffold (e-scaffold) that electrochemically generates a constant concentration of H2O2 was investigated as a means of enhancing tobramycin susceptibility in pre-grown Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 biofilms and attacking persister cells. Results showed that the e-scaffold enhanced tobramycin susceptibility in P. aeruginosa PAO1 biofilms, which reached a maximum susceptibility at 40 µg/ml tobramycin, with complete elimination (7.8-log reduction vs control biofilm cells, P ≤ 0.001). Moreover, the e-scaffold eradicated persister cells in biofilms, leaving no viable cells (5-log reduction vs control persister cells, P ≤ 0.001). It was observed that the e-scaffold induced the intracellular formation of hydroxyl free radicals and improved membrane permeability in e-scaffold treated biofilm cells, which possibly enhanced antibiotic susceptibility and eradicated persister cells. These results demonstrate a promising advantage of the e-scaffold in the treatment of persistent biofilm infections. Using an electrically conductive fabric to generate hydrogen peroxide could eradicate persistent biofilms in chronically infected wounds. Electrochemical scaffolds (e-scaffolds) are thin networks of conductive material such as carbon fiber used to generate chemical responses in media they are in contact with. Haluk Beyenal and colleagues at Washington State University, USA, investigated the effect of a carbon fabric e-scaffold on cultured biofilms of the bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The procedure enhanced the susceptibility of this troublesome multidrug-resistant bacterium to the antibiotic tobramycin. Crucially, it eradicated so-called persister cells that can evade antibiotic treatment to reform biofilms in chronic wounds. The research suggests that the effect involves the production of hydroxyl free radicals from hydrogen peroxide and increased permeability of the bacterial cell membranes. The potential of e-scaffolds for treating infected wounds warrants further exploration.
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Wilkinson HN, McBain AJ, Stephenson C, Hardman MJ. Comparing the Effectiveness of Polymer Debriding Devices Using a Porcine Wound Biofilm Model. Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle) 2016; 5:475-485. [PMID: 27867752 PMCID: PMC5105345 DOI: 10.1089/wound.2015.0683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Debridement to remove necrotic and/or infected tissue and promote active healing remains a cornerstone of contemporary chronic wound management. While there has been a recent shift toward less invasive polymer-based debriding devices, their efficacy requires rigorous evaluation. Approach: This study was designed to directly compare monofilament debriding devices to traditional gauze using a wounded porcine skin biofilm model with standardized application parameters. Biofilm removal was determined using a surface viability assay, bacterial counts, histological assessment, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results: Quantitative analysis revealed that monofilament debriding devices outperformed the standard gauze, resulting in up to 100-fold greater reduction in bacterial counts. Interestingly, histological and morphological analyses suggested that debridement not only removed bacteria, but also differentially disrupted the bacterially-derived extracellular polymeric substance. Finally, SEM of post-debridement monofilaments showed structural changes in attached bacteria, implying a negative impact on viability. Innovation: This is the first study to combine controlled and defined debridement application with a biologically relevant ex vivo biofilm model to directly compare monofilament debriding devices. Conclusion: These data support the use of monofilament debriding devices for the removal of established wound biofilms and suggest variable efficacy towards biofilms composed of different species of bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly N. Wilkinson
- Faculty of Life Sciences, The Healing Foundation Center, The University of Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J. McBain
- Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, Manchester Pharmacy School, The University of Manchester, United Kingdom
| | | | - Matthew J. Hardman
- Faculty of Life Sciences, The Healing Foundation Center, The University of Manchester, United Kingdom
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33
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Bio-inspired gold nanoparticles synthesis and their anti-biofilm efficacy. JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL INVESTIGATION 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s40005-016-0280-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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34
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Tanzil AH, Sultana ST, Saunders SR, Dohnalkova AC, Shi L, Davenport E, Ha P, Beyenal H. Production of gold nanoparticles by electrode-respiring Geobacter sulfurreducens biofilms. Enzyme Microb Technol 2016; 95:69-75. [PMID: 27866628 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2016.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Revised: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this work was to synthesize gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) using electrode-respiring Geobacter sulfurreducens biofilms. We found that AuNPs are generated in the extracellular matrix of Geobacter biofilms and have an average particle size of 20nm. The formation of AuNPs was verified using TEM, FTIR and EDX. We also found that the extracellular substances extracted from electrode-respiring G. sulfurreducens biofilms reduce Au3+ to AuNPs. From FTIR spectra, it appears that reduced sugars were involved in the bioreduction and synthesis of AuNPs and that amine groups acted as the major biomolecules involved in binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abid H Tanzil
- The Gene and Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Sujala T Sultana
- The Gene and Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Steven R Saunders
- The Gene and Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Alice C Dohnalkova
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Liang Shi
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Emily Davenport
- The Gene and Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Phuc Ha
- The Gene and Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Haluk Beyenal
- The Gene and Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA.
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Xie GJ, Liu BF, Wang Q, Ding J, Ren NQ. Ultrasonic waste activated sludge disintegration for recovering multiple nutrients for biofuel production. WATER RESEARCH 2016; 93:56-64. [PMID: 26896823 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2016.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Revised: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Waste activated sludge is a valuable resource containing multiple nutrients, but is currently treated and disposed of as an important source of pollution. In this work, waste activated sludge after ultrasound pretreatment was reused as multiple nutrients for biofuel production. The nutrients trapped in sludge floc were transferred into liquid medium by ultrasonic disintegration during first 30 min, while further increase of pretreatment time only resulted in slight increase of nutrients release. Hydrogen production by Ethanoligenens harbinense B49 from glucose significantly increased with the concentration of ultrasonic sludge, and reached maximum yield of 1.97 mol H2/mol glucose at sludge concentration of 7.75 g volatile suspended solids/l. Without addition of any other chemicals, waste molasses rich in carbohydrate was efficiently turned into hydrogen with yield of 189.34 ml H2/g total sugar by E. harbinense B49 using ultrasonic sludge as nutrients. The results also showed that hydrogen production using pretreated sludge as multiple nutrients was higher than those using standard nutrients. Acetic acid produced by E. harbinense B49 together with the residual nutrients in the liquid medium were further converted into hydrogen (271.36 ml H2/g total sugar) by Rhodopseudomonas faecalis RLD-53 through photo fermentation, while ethanol was the sole end product with yield of 220.26 mg/g total sugar. Thus, pretreated sludge was an efficient nutrients source for biofuel production, which could replace the standard nutrients. This research provided a novel strategy to achieve environmental friendly sludge disposal and simultaneous efficient biofuel recovery from organic waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Jun Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China; Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Bing-Feng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
| | - Qilin Wang
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Jie Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Nan-Qi Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
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Bhattacharya M, Wozniak DJ, Stoodley P, Hall-Stoodley L. Prevention and treatment of Staphylococcus aureus biofilms. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2015; 13:1499-516. [PMID: 26646248 DOI: 10.1586/14787210.2015.1100533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
S. aureus colonizes both artificial and tissue surfaces in humans causing chronic persistent infections that are difficult to cure. It is a notorious pathogen due to its antibiotic recalcitrance and phenotypic adaptability, both of which are facilitated by its ability to develop biofilms. S. aureus biofilms challenge conventional anti-infective approaches, most notably antibiotic therapy. Therefore there is an unmet need to develop and include parallel approaches that target S. aureus biofilm infections. This review discusses two broad anti-infective strategies: (1) preventative approaches (anti-biofilm surface coatings, the inclusion of biofilm-specific vaccine antigens); and (2) approaches aimed at eradicating established S. aureus biofilms, particularly those associated with implant infections. Advances in understanding the distinct nature of S. aureus biofilm development and pathogenesis have led to growing optimism in S. aureus biofilm targeted anti-infective strategies. Further research is needed however, to see the successful administration and validation of these approaches to the diverse types of infections caused by S. aureus biofilms from multiple clinical strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohini Bhattacharya
- a Department of Microbiology , The Ohio State University , Columbus , OH , USA
| | - Daniel J Wozniak
- a Department of Microbiology , The Ohio State University , Columbus , OH , USA.,b Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity , The Ohio State University College of Medicine , Columbus , OH , USA.,c The Center for Microbial Interface Biology, The Ohio State University , Columbus , OH , USA
| | - Paul Stoodley
- b Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity , The Ohio State University College of Medicine , Columbus , OH , USA.,c The Center for Microbial Interface Biology, The Ohio State University , Columbus , OH , USA.,d Department of Orthopedics , The Ohio State University College of Medicine , Columbus , OH , USA.,e Department of Engineering Sciences, National Centre for Advanced Tribology at Southampton (nCATS) , University of Southampton , Southampton , UK
| | - Luanne Hall-Stoodley
- b Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity , The Ohio State University College of Medicine , Columbus , OH , USA.,c The Center for Microbial Interface Biology, The Ohio State University , Columbus , OH , USA
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Bacillus cereus NVH 0500/00 Can Adhere to Mucin but Cannot Produce Enterotoxins during Gastrointestinal Simulation. Appl Environ Microbiol 2015; 82:289-96. [PMID: 26497468 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02940-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Adhesion to the intestinal epithelium could constitute an essential mechanism of Bacillus cereus pathogenesis. However, the enterocytes are protected by mucus, a secretion composed mainly of mucin glycoproteins. These may serve as nutrients and sites of adhesion for intestinal bacteria. In this study, the food poisoning bacterium B. cereus NVH 0500/00 was exposed in vitro to gastrointestinal hurdles prior to evaluation of its attachment to mucin microcosms and its ability to produce nonhemolytic enterotoxin (Nhe). The persistence of mucin-adherent B. cereus after simulated gut emptying was determined using a mucin adhesion assay. The stability of Nhe toward bile and pancreatin (intestinal components) in the presence of mucin agar was also investigated. B. cereus could grow and simultaneously adhere to mucin during in vitro ileal incubation, despite the adverse effect of prior exposure to a low pH or intestinal components. The final concentration of B. cereus in the simulated lumen at 8 h of incubation was 6.62 ± 0.87 log CFU ml(-1). At that point, the percentage of adhesion was approximately 6%. No enterotoxin was detected in the ileum, due to either insufficient bacterial concentrations or Nhe degradation. Nevertheless, mucin appears to retain B. cereus and to supply it to the small intestine after simulated gut emptying. Additionally, mucin may play a role in the protection of enterotoxins from degradation by intestinal components.
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38
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Kiamco MM, Atci E, Khan QF, Mohamed A, Renslow RS, Abu-Lail N, Fransson BA, Call DR, Beyenal H. Vancomycin and maltodextrin affect structure and activity of Staphylococcus aureus biofilms. Biotechnol Bioeng 2015; 112:2562-70. [PMID: 26084588 DOI: 10.1002/bit.25681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Revised: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Hyperosmotic agents such as maltodextrin negatively impact bacterial growth through osmotic stress without contributing to drug resistance. We hypothesized that a combination of maltodextrin (osmotic agent) and vancomycin (antibiotic) would be more effective against Staphylococcus aureus biofilms than either alone. To test our hypothesis, S. aureus was grown in a flat plate flow cell reactor. Confocal laser scanning microscopy images were analyzed to quantify changes in biofilm structure. We used dissolved oxygen microelectrodes to quantify how vancomycin and maltodextrin affected the respiration rate and oxygen penetration into the biofilm. We found that treatment with vancomycin or maltodextrin altered biofilm structure. The effect on the structure was significant when they were used simultaneously to treat S. aureus biofilms. In addition, vancomycin treatment increased the oxygen respiration rate, while maltodextrin treatment caused an increase and then a decrease. An increased maltodextrin concentration decreased the diffusivity of the antibiotic. Overall, we conclude that (1) an increased maltodextrin concentration decreases vancomycin diffusion but increases the osmotic effect, leading to the optimum treatment condition, and (2) the combination of vancomycin and maltodextrin is more effective against S. aureus biofilms than either alone. Vancomycin and maltodextrin act together to increase the effectiveness of treatment against S. aureus biofilm growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mia Mae Kiamco
- The Gene and Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
| | - Erhan Atci
- The Gene and Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
| | - Qaiser Farid Khan
- The Gene and Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
| | - Abdelrhman Mohamed
- The Gene and Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
| | - Ryan S Renslow
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington
| | - Nehal Abu-Lail
- The Gene and Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
| | - Boel A Fransson
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
| | - Douglas R Call
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
| | - Haluk Beyenal
- The Gene and Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington.
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Doi Y, Murray GL, Peleg AY. Acinetobacter baumannii: evolution of antimicrobial resistance-treatment options. Semin Respir Crit Care Med 2015; 36:85-98. [PMID: 25643273 DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1398388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The first decade of the 20th century witnessed a surge in the incidence of infections due to several highly antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in hospitals worldwide. Acinetobacter baumannii is one such organism that turned from an occasional respiratory pathogen into a major nosocomial pathogen. An increasing number of A. baumannii genome sequences have broadened our understanding of the genetic makeup of these bacteria and highlighted the extent of horizontal transfer of DNA. Animal models of disease combined with bacterial mutagenesis have provided some valuable insights into mechanisms of A. baumannii pathogenesis. Bacterial factors known to be important for disease include outer membrane porins, surface structures including capsule and lipopolysaccharide, enzymes such as phospholipase D, iron acquisition systems, and regulatory proteins. A. baumannii has a propensity to accumulate resistance to various groups of antimicrobial agents. In particular, carbapenem resistance has become commonplace, accounting for the majority of A. baumannii strains in many hospitals today. Carbapenem-resistant strains are often resistant to all other routinely tested agents. Treatment of carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii infection therefore involves the use of combinations of last resort agents such as colistin and tigecycline, but the efficacy and safety of these approaches are yet to be defined. Antimicrobial-resistant A. baumannii has high potential to spread among ill patients in intensive care units. Early recognition and timely implementation of appropriate infection control measures is crucial in preventing outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Doi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Gerald L Murray
- Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Anton Y Peleg
- Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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Characterization of the algC gene expression pattern in the multidrug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii AIIMS 7 and correlation with biofilm development on abiotic surface. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014:593546. [PMID: 25544957 PMCID: PMC4269089 DOI: 10.1155/2014/593546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Revised: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Relative quantification of algC gene expression was evaluated in the multidrug resistant strain Acinetobacter baumannii AIIMS 7 biofilm (3 to 96 h, on polystyrene surface) compared to the planktonic counterparts. Comparison revealed differential algC expression pattern with maximum 81.59-fold increase in biofilm cells versus 3.24-fold in planktonic cells (P < 0.05). Expression levels strongly correlated with specific biofilm stages (scale of 3 to 96 h), coinciding maximum at initial surface attachment stage (9 h) and biofilm maturation stage (48 h). Cloning, heterologous expression, and bioinformatics analyses indicated algC gene product as the bifunctional enzyme phosphomannomutase/phosphoglucomutase (PMM/PGM) of ∼ 53 kDa size, which augmented biofilms significantly in algC clones compared to controls (lacking algC gene), further localized by scanning electron microscopy. Moreover, molecular dynamics analysis on the three-dimensional structure of PMM/PGM (simulated up to 10 ns) revealed enzyme structure as stable and similar to that in P. aeruginosa (synthesis of alginate and lipopolysaccharide core) and involved in constitution of biofilm EPS (extracellular polymeric substances). Our observation on differential expression pattern of algC having strong correlation with important biofilm stages, scanning electron-microscopic evidence of biofilm augmentation taken together with predictive enzyme functions via molecular dynamic (MD) simulation, proposes a new basis of A. baumannii AIIMS 7 biofilm development on inanimate surfaces.
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Prax M, Bertram R. Metabolic aspects of bacterial persisters. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2014; 4:148. [PMID: 25374846 PMCID: PMC4205924 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2014.00148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Persister cells form a multi-drug tolerant subpopulation within an isogenic culture of bacteria that are genetically susceptible to antibiotics. Studies with different Gram negative and Gram positive bacteria have identified a large number of genes associated with the persister state. In contrast, the revelation of persister metabolism has only been addressed recently. We here summarize metabolic aspects of persisters, which includes an overview about the bifunctional role of selected carbohydrates as both triggers for the exit from the drug tolerant state and metabolites which persisters feed on. Also alarmones as indicators for starvation have been shown to influence persister levels via different signaling cascades involving the activation of toxin-antitoxin systems and other regulatory factors. Finally, recent data obtained by (13)C-isotopolog profiling demonstrated an active amino acid anabolism in Staphylococcus aureus cultures challenged with high drug concentrations. Understanding the metabolism of persister cells poses challenges but also paves the way for the development of anti-persister compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Prax
- Department of Microbial Genetics, Faculty of Science, Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine Tübingen (IMIT), University of Tübingen Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ralph Bertram
- Department of Microbial Genetics, Faculty of Science, Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine Tübingen (IMIT), University of Tübingen Tübingen, Germany
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