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Kuroki A, Tay J, Lee GH, Yang YY. Broad-Spectrum Antiviral Peptides and Polymers. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2101113. [PMID: 34599850 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202101113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
As the human cost of the pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is still being witnessed worldwide, the development of broad-spectrum antiviral agents against emerging and re-emerging viruses is seen as a necessity to hamper the spread of infections. Various targets during the viral life-cycle can be considered to inhibit viral infection, from viral attachment to viral fusion or replication. Macromolecules represent a particularly attractive class of therapeutics due to their multivalency and versatility. Although several antiviral macromolecules hold great promise in clinical applications, the emergence of resistance after prolonged exposure urges the need for improved solutions. In the present article, the recent advancement in the discovery of antiviral peptides and polymers with diverse structural features and antiviral mechanisms is reviewed. Future perspectives, such as, the development of virucidal peptides/polymers and their coatings against SARS-CoV-2 infection, standardization of antiviral testing protocols, and use of artificial intelligence or machine learning as a tool to accelerate the discovery of antiviral macromolecules, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnès Kuroki
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore Singapore 117597 Singapore
- Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging 31 Biopolis Ways, The Nanos Singapore 138669 Singapore
| | - Joyce Tay
- Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging 31 Biopolis Ways, The Nanos Singapore 138669 Singapore
| | - Guan Huei Lee
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore Singapore 117597 Singapore
| | - Yi Yan Yang
- Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging 31 Biopolis Ways, The Nanos Singapore 138669 Singapore
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2
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Jiang X, Li Z, Young DJ, Liu M, Wu C, Wu YL, Loh XJ. Toward the prevention of coronavirus infection: what role can polymers play? MATERIALS TODAY. ADVANCES 2021; 10:100140. [PMID: 33778467 PMCID: PMC7980145 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtadv.2021.100140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus 2 has caused a global public health crisis with high rates of infection and mortality. Treatment and prevention approaches include vaccine development, the design of small-molecule antiviral drugs, and macromolecular neutralizing antibodies. Polymers have been designed for effective virus inhibition and as antiviral drug delivery carriers. This review summarizes recent progress and provides a perspective on polymer-based approaches for the treatment and prevention of coronavirus infection. These polymer-based partners include polyanion/polycations, dendritic polymers, macromolecular prodrugs, and polymeric drug delivery systems that have the potential to significantly improve the efficacy of antiviral therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Jiang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research and State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Z Li
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A∗STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - D J Young
- College of Engineering, Information Technology and Environment, Charles Darwin University, Northern Territory 0909, Australia
| | - M Liu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research and State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - C Wu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research and State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Y-L Wu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research and State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - X J Loh
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A∗STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore 138634, Singapore
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3
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Zoepfl M, Dwivedi R, Taylor MC, Pomin VH, McVoy MA. Antiviral activities of four marine sulfated glycans against adenovirus and human cytomegalovirus. Antiviral Res 2021; 190:105077. [PMID: 33864843 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2021.105077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Broad-spectrum antivirals are more needed than ever to provide treatment options for novel emerging viruses and for viruses that lack therapeutic options or have developed resistance. A large number of viruses rely on charge-dependent non-specific interactions with heparan sulfate (HS), a highly sulfated glycosaminoglycan (GAG), for attachment to cell surfaces to initiate cell entry. As such, inhibitors targeting virion-HS interactions have potential to have broad-spectrum antiviral activity. Previous research has explored organic and inorganic small molecules, peptides, and GAG mimetics to disrupt virion-HS interactions. Here we report antiviral activities against both enveloped (the herpesvirus human cytomegalovirus) and non-enveloped (adenovirus) DNA viruses for four defined marine sulfated glycans: a sulfated galactan from the red alga Botryocladia occidentalis; a sulfated fucan from the sea urchin Lytechinus variegatus, and a sulfated fucan and a fucosylated chondroitin sulfate from the sea cucumber Isostichopus badionotus. As evidenced by gene expression, time of addition, and treatment/removal assays, all four novel glycans inhibited viral attachment and entry, most likely through interactions with virions. The sulfated fucans, which both lack anticoagulant activity, had similar antiviral profiles, suggesting that their activities are not only due to sulfation content or negative charge density but also due to other physicochemical factors such as the potential conformational shapes of these carbohydrates in solution and upon interaction with virion proteins. The structural and chemical properties of these marine sulfated glycans provide unique opportunities to explore relationships between glycan structure and their antiviral activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Zoepfl
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1001 W Main St, Richmond, VA, 23284, USA
| | - Rohini Dwivedi
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, 417A Faser Hall University, MS, 38677-1848, USA
| | - Maggie C Taylor
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, 417A Faser Hall University, MS, 38677-1848, USA
| | - Vitor H Pomin
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, 417A Faser Hall University, MS, 38677-1848, USA.
| | - Michael A McVoy
- Department of Pediatrics, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1101 E. Marshall Street, Richmond, VA, 23298-0163, USA.
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4
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Substitution-inert polynuclear platinum compounds inhibit human cytomegalovirus attachment and entry. Antiviral Res 2020; 184:104957. [DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2020.104957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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5
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Bianculli RH, Mase JD, Schulz MD. Antiviral Polymers: Past Approaches and Future Possibilities. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c01273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel H. Bianculli
- Department of Chemistry, Macromolecules Innovation Institute (MII), Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Jonathan D. Mase
- Department of Chemistry, Macromolecules Innovation Institute (MII), Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Michael D. Schulz
- Department of Chemistry, Macromolecules Innovation Institute (MII), Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
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Jarach N, Dodiuk H, Kenig S. Polymers in the Medical Antiviral Front-Line. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1727. [PMID: 32752109 PMCID: PMC7464166 DOI: 10.3390/polym12081727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Antiviral polymers are part of a major campaign led by the scientific community in recent years. Facing this most demanding of campaigns, two main approaches have been undertaken by scientists. First, the classic approach involves the development of relatively small molecules having antiviral properties to serve as drugs. The other approach involves searching for polymers with antiviral properties to be used as prescription medications or viral spread prevention measures. This second approach took two distinct directions. The first, using polymers as antiviral drug-delivery systems, taking advantage of their biodegradable properties. The second, using polymers with antiviral properties for on-contact virus elimination, which will be the focus of this review. Anti-viral polymers are obtained by either the addition of small antiviral molecules (such as metal ions) to obtain ion-containing polymers with antiviral properties or the use of polymers composed of an organic backbone and electrically charged moieties like polyanions, such as carboxylate containing polymers, or polycations such as quaternary ammonium containing polymers. Other approaches include moieties hybridized by sulphates, carboxylic acids, or amines and/or combining repeating units with a similar chemical structure to common antiviral drugs. Furthermore, elevated temperatures appear to increase the anti-viral effect of ions and other functional moieties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Samuel Kenig
- The Department of Polymer Materials Engineering, Pernick Faculty of Engineering, Shenkar College of Engineering and Design, Raman-Gan 52562, Israel; (N.J.); (H.D.)
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7
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Pachota M, Kłysik-Trzciańska K, Synowiec A, Yukioka S, Yusa SI, Zając M, Zawilinska B, Dzieciątkowski T, Szczubialka K, Pyrc K, Nowakowska M. Highly Effective and Safe Polymeric Inhibitors of Herpes Simplex Virus in Vitro and in Vivo. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:26745-26752. [PMID: 31287654 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b10302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
A series of poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(3-(methacryloylamino)propyl trimethylammonium chloride) (PEG-b-PMAPTAC) water-soluble block copolymers consisting of PEG and PMPTAC were obtained by reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer (RAFT) polymerization and demonstrated to function as highly effective herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) inhibitors as shown by in vitro tests (Vero E6 cells) and in vivo experiments (mouse model). Half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values were determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction to be 0.36 ± 0.08 μg/mL for the most effective polymer PEG45-b-PMAPTAC52 and 0.84 ± 1.24 μg/mL for the less effective one, PEG45-b-PMAPTAC74. The study performed on the mouse model showed that the polymers protect mice from lethal infection. The polymers are not toxic to the primary human skin fibroblast cells up to the concentration of 100 μg/mL and to the Vero E6 cells up to 500 μg/mL. No systemic or topical toxicity was observed in vivo, even with mice treated with concentrated formulation (100 mg/mL). The mechanistic studies indicated that polymers interacted with the cell and blocked the formation of the entry/fusion complex. Physicochemical and biological properties of PEGx-b-PMAPTACy make them promising drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Shotaro Yukioka
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering , University of Hyogo , Himeji 671-2280 , Hyogo Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Yusa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering , University of Hyogo , Himeji 671-2280 , Hyogo Japan
| | | | - Barbara Zawilinska
- Department of Virology, Chair of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine , Jagiellonian University Medical College , Krakow 31-121 , Poland
| | - Tomasz Dzieciątkowski
- Chair and Department of Medical Microbiology , Warsaw Medical University , Warsaw 02-004 , Poland
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Cagno V, Tseligka ED, Jones ST, Tapparel C. Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans and Viral Attachment: True Receptors or Adaptation Bias? Viruses 2019; 11:v11070596. [PMID: 31266258 PMCID: PMC6669472 DOI: 10.3390/v11070596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPG) are composed of unbranched, negatively charged heparan sulfate (HS) polysaccharides attached to a variety of cell surface or extracellular matrix proteins. Widely expressed, they mediate many biological activities, including angiogenesis, blood coagulation, developmental processes, and cell homeostasis. HSPG are highly sulfated and broadly used by a range of pathogens, especially viruses, to attach to the cell surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Cagno
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Geneva Medical School, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Eirini D Tseligka
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Geneva Medical School, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Samuel T Jones
- School of Materials, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Caroline Tapparel
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Geneva Medical School, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
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Ranucci E, Manfredi A. Polyamidoamines: Versatile Bioactive Polymers with Potential for Biotechnological Applications. CHEMISTRY AFRICA-A JOURNAL OF THE TUNISIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s42250-019-00046-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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10
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Donalisio M, Cagno V, Civra A, Gibellini D, Musumeci G, Rittà M, Ghosh M, Lembo D. The traditional use of Vachellia nilotica for sexually transmitted diseases is substantiated by the antiviral activity of its bark extract against sexually transmitted viruses. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 213:403-408. [PMID: 29203273 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Vachellia (Acacia) nilotica and other plants of this genus have been used in traditional medicine of Asian and African countries to treat many disorders, including sexually transmitted diseases, but few studies were performed to validate their anti-microbial and anti-viral activity against sexually transmitted infections. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study was undertaken to explore whether the ethnomedical use of V.nilotica to treat genital lesions is substantiated by its antiviral activity against the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the herpes simplex virus (HSV) and the human papillomavirus (HPV). MATERIALS AND METHODS The antiviral activity of V.nilotica was tested in vitro by virus-specific inhibition assays using HSV-2 strains, sensible or resistant to acyclovir, HIV-1IIIb strain and HPV-16 pseudovirion (PsV). The potential mode of action of extract against HSV-2 and HPV-16 was further investigated by virus inactivation and time-of-addition assays on cell cultures. RESULTS V.nilotica chloroform, methanolic and water bark extracts exerted antiviral activity against HSV-2 and HPV-16 PsV infections; among these, methanolic extract showed the best EC50s with values of 4.71 and 1.80µg/ml against HSV-2 and HPV-16, respectively, and it was also active against an acyclovir-resistant HSV-2 strain with an EC50 of 6.71µg/ml. By contrast, no suppression of HIV infection was observed. Investigation of the mechanism of action revealed that the methanolic extract directly inactivated the infectivity of the HPV-16 particles, whereas a partial virus inactivation and interference with virus attachment (EC50 of 2.74µg/ml) were both found to contribute to the anti-HSV-2 activity. CONCLUSIONS These results support the traditional use of V.nilotica applied externally for the treatment of genital lesions. Further work remains to be done in order to identify the bioactive components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Donalisio
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, 10043 Orbassano, Torino, Italy
| | - Valeria Cagno
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, 10043 Orbassano, Torino, Italy
| | - Andrea Civra
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, 10043 Orbassano, Torino, Italy
| | - Davide Gibellini
- Department of Pathology and Diagnostic, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Musumeci
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostics and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Massimo Rittà
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, 10043 Orbassano, Torino, Italy
| | - Manik Ghosh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi 83215, India
| | - David Lembo
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, 10043 Orbassano, Torino, Italy.
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11
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Donalisio M, Rittà M, Francese R, Civra A, Tonetto P, Coscia A, Giribaldi M, Cavallarin L, Moro GE, Bertino E, Lembo D. High Temperature-Short Time Pasteurization Has a Lower Impact on the Antiviral Properties of Human Milk Than Holder Pasteurization. Front Pediatr 2018; 6:304. [PMID: 30460212 PMCID: PMC6232822 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2018.00304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Holder pasteurization (62. 5°C for 30 min) is recommended by all international human milk bank guidelines to prevent infections potentially transmitted by donor human milk. A drawback is that it affects some human milk bioactive and nutritive components. Recently, High Temperature-Short Time (HTST) pasteurization has been reported to be a valuable alternative technology to increase the retention of some biological features of human milk. Nevertheless, to date, few data are available about the impact of pasteurization methods other than Holder on the antiviral activity of human milk. The present study was aimed at evaluating the antiviral activity of human milk against a panel of viral pathogens common in newborns and children (i.e., herpes simplex virus 1 and 2, cytomegalovirus, respiratory syncytial virus, rotavirus, and rhinovirus), and at assessing the effect of Holder and HTST pasteurization on milk's antiviral properties. The results indicate that human milk is endowed with antiviral activity against all viruses tested, although to a different extent. Unlike the Holder pasteurization, HTST preserved the inhibitory activity against cytomegalovirus, respiratory syncytial virus, rotavirus and herpes simplex virus type 2. By contrast, both methods reduced significantly the antiviral activities against rhinovirus and herpes simplex virus type 1. Unexpectedly, Holder pasteurization improved milk's anti-rotavirus activity. In conclusion, this study contributes to the definition of the pasteurization method that allows the best compromise between microbiological safety and biological quality of the donor human milk: HTST pasteurization preserved milk antiviral activity better than Holder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Donalisio
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Massimo Rittà
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Rachele Francese
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Andrea Civra
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Paola Tonetto
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Alessandra Coscia
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Marzia Giribaldi
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche-Istituto di Scienze delle Produzioni Alimentari, Bari, Italy.,Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'Analisi dell'Economia Agraria, Centro di Ricerca in Ingegneria e Trasformazioni Agroalimentari, Turin, Italy
| | - Laura Cavallarin
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche-Istituto di Scienze delle Produzioni Alimentari, Bari, Italy
| | - Guido E Moro
- Italian Association of Human Milk Banks, Milan, Italy
| | - Enrico Bertino
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - David Lembo
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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12
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Luo X, Jiang Z, Zhang N, Yang Z, Zhou Z. Interactions of Biocidal Polyhexamethylene Guanidine Hydrochloride and Its Analogs with POPC Model Membranes. Polymers (Basel) 2017; 9:polym9100517. [PMID: 30965821 PMCID: PMC6418608 DOI: 10.3390/polym9100517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The bacterial membrane-targeted polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride (PHGH) and its novel analog polyoctamethylene guanidine hydrochloride (POGH) had excellent antimicrobial activities against antibiotics-resistant bacteria. However, the biocompatibility aspects of PHGH and POGH on the phospholipid membrane of the eukaryotic cell have not yet been considered. Four chemically synthesized cationic oligoguanidine polymers containing alkyl group with different carbon chain lengths, including PHGH, POGH, and their two analogs, were used to determine their interactions with zwitterionic 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC) phospholipids vesicles mimicking the eukaryotic cell membrane. Characterization was conducted by using bactericidal dynamics, hemolysis testing, calcein dye leakage, and isothermal titration calorimetry. Results showed that the gradually lengthened alkyl carbon chain of four oligoguanidine polymers increased the biocidal activity of the polymer, accompanied with the increased hemolytic activity, calcein dye leakage rate and the increased absolute value of the exothermic effect of polymer-POPC membrane interaction. The thermodynamic curve of the polymer-POPC membrane interaction exhibited a very weak exothermic effect and a poorly unsaturated titration curve, which indicated that four guanidine polymers had weak affinity for zwitterionic POPC vesicles. Generally, PHGH of four guanidine polymers had high biocidal activity and relatively high biocompatibility. This study emphasized that appropriate amphiphilicity balanced by the alkyl chain length, and the positive charge is important factor for the biocompatibility of cationic antimicrobial guanidine polymer. Both PHGH and POGH exhibited destructive power to phospholipid membrane of eukaryotic cell, which should be considered in their industry applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuliang Luo
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences & Technology, Huazhong Agriculture University, 1 Shizishan Street, Wuhan 430070, China.
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agriculture University, 1 Shizishan Street, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Ziran Jiang
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences & Technology, Huazhong Agriculture University, 1 Shizishan Street, Wuhan 430070, China.
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agriculture University, 1 Shizishan Street, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Niya Zhang
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences & Technology, Huazhong Agriculture University, 1 Shizishan Street, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Zixin Yang
- College of Sciences, Huazhong Agriculture University, 1 Shizishan Street, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Zhongxin Zhou
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences & Technology, Huazhong Agriculture University, 1 Shizishan Street, Wuhan 430070, China.
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agriculture University, 1 Shizishan Street, Wuhan 430070, China.
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Pachota M, Klysik K, Synowiec A, Ciejka J, Szczubiałka K, Pyrć K, Nowakowska M. Inhibition of Herpes Simplex Viruses by Cationic Dextran Derivatives. J Med Chem 2017; 60:8620-8630. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Pachota
- Microbiology
Department, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
- Malopolska
Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7A, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Klysik
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Synowiec
- Microbiology
Department, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Justyna Ciejka
- Malopolska
Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7A, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Szczubiałka
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Pyrć
- Microbiology
Department, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
- Malopolska
Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7A, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Maria Nowakowska
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
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14
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Microscopic Examination of Polymeric Monoguanidine, Hydrochloride-Induced Cell Membrane Damage in Multidrug-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Polymers (Basel) 2017; 9:polym9090398. [PMID: 30965707 PMCID: PMC6418527 DOI: 10.3390/polym9090398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in antimicrobial activities of molecule-containing, multiple guanidinium groups against antibiotics-resistant bacteria should be noted. The synthesized polyoctamethylene monoguanidine hydrochloride (POGH), carrying cationic amphiphilic moieties, display excellent activity against multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MDR-PA) and other antibiotics-resistant bacteria. The membrane damage effects of POGH on MDR-PA were clarified using beta-lactamase activity assay, confocal fluorescence microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The results showed that POGH disrupted both the outer and inner membranes and the intracellular structure of MDR-PA to different extents depending on the dose. All concentrations of POGH within 3–23 μg/mL increased the outer membrane permeability, which facilitated the release of beta-lactamase across the inner membrane. A median dose (10 μg/mL) of POGH led to the separation of the inner and outer membrane, an increase in the membrane gap, and outer membrane structure damage with still maintained overall cytoskeletal structures. The application of a 30 μg/mL dose of POGH led to the collapse of the outer membrane, cellular wrinkling, and shrinkage, and the formation of local membrane holes. The disruption of the outer and inner membranes and the formation of the local membrane holes by a relative high dose were probably the main bactericidal mechanism of POGH. The microscopic evidence explained the strong outer-membrane permeation ability of guanidine-based antimicrobial polymers, which could be considered for the molecular design of novel guanidine-based polymers, as well as the damaged membrane structure and intracellular structure of MDR-PA.
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Mauro N, Ferruti P, Ranucci E, Manfredi A, Berzi A, Clerici M, Cagno V, Lembo D, Palmioli A, Sattin S. Linear biocompatible glyco-polyamidoamines as dual action mode virus infection inhibitors with potential as broad-spectrum microbicides for sexually transmitted diseases. Sci Rep 2016; 6:33393. [PMID: 27641362 PMCID: PMC5027566 DOI: 10.1038/srep33393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The initial steps of viral infections are mediated by interactions between viral proteins and cellular receptors. Blocking the latter with high-affinity ligands may inhibit infection. DC-SIGN, a C-type lectin receptor expressed by immature dendritic cells and macrophages, mediates human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection by recognizing mannose clusters on the HIV-1 gp120 envelope glycoprotein. Mannosylated glycodendrimers act as HIV entry inhibitors thanks to their ability to block this receptor. Previously, an amphoteric, but prevailingly cationic polyamidoamine named AGMA1 proved effective as infection inhibitor for several heparan sulfate proteoglycan-dependent viruses, such as human papilloma virus HPV-16 and herpes simplex virus HSV-2. An amphoteric, but prevailingly anionic PAA named ISA23 proved inactive. It was speculated that the substitution of mannosylated units for a limited percentage of AGMA1 repeating units, while imparting anti-HIV activity, would preserve the fundamentals of its HPV-16 and HSV-2 infection inhibitory activity. In this work, four biocompatible linear PAAs carrying different amounts of mannosyl-triazolyl pendants, Man-ISA7, Man-ISA14, Man-AGMA6.5 and Man-AGMA14.5, were prepared by reaction of 2-(azidoethyl)-α-D-mannopyranoside and differently propargyl-substituted AGMA1 and ISA23. All mannosylated PAAs inhibited HIV infection. Both Man-AGMA6.5 and Man-AGMA14.5 maintained the HPV-16 and HSV-2 activity of the parent polymer, proving broad-spectrum, dual action mode virus infection inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolò Mauro
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, via C. Golgi 19, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Ferruti
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, via C. Golgi 19, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Consorzio Interuniversitario di Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali, via G. Giusti 9, 56121 Firenze, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Ranucci
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, via C. Golgi 19, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Amedea Manfredi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, via C. Golgi 19, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Angela Berzi
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences “Sacco”, University of Milan, via G. B. Grassi 74, 20157 Milan, Italy
| | - Mario Clerici
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Transplants Physiopathology, University of Milan, via Fratelli Cervi 93, 20090 Segrate, Milan, and Don C. Gnocchi Foundation IRCCS, Via Capecelatro 66, 20148 Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria Cagno
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Biologiche, Università di Torino, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria S. Luigi Gonzaga, via Regione Gonzole 10, 10043 Orbassano, Torino, Italy
| | - David Lembo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Biologiche, Università di Torino, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria S. Luigi Gonzaga, via Regione Gonzole 10, 10043 Orbassano, Torino, Italy
| | - Alessandro Palmioli
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, via C. Golgi 19, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Sattin
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, via C. Golgi 19, 20133 Milan, Italy
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Urbán P, Ranucci E, Fernàndez-Busquets X. Polyamidoamine nanoparticles as nanocarriers for the drug delivery to malaria parasite stages in the mosquito vector. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2016; 10:3401-14. [PMID: 26582279 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.15.174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Malaria is arguably one of the main medical concerns worldwide because of the numbers of people affected, the severity of the disease and the complexity of the life cycle of its causative agent, the protist Plasmodium spp. With the advent of nanoscience, renewed hopes have appeared of finally obtaining the long sought-after magic bullet against malaria in the form of a nanovector for the targeted delivery of antimalarial compounds exclusively to Plasmodium-infected cells, thus increasing drug efficacy and minimizing the induction of resistance to newly developed therapeutic agents. Polyamidoamine-derived nanovectors combine into a single chemical structure drug encapsulating capacity, antimalarial activity, low unspecific toxicity, specific targeting to Plasmodium, optimal in vivo activity and affordable synthesis cost. After having shown their efficacy in targeting drugs to intraerythrocytic parasites, now polyamidoamines face the challenge of spearheading a new generation of nanocarriers aiming at the malaria parasite stages in the mosquito vector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Urbán
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Health & Consumer Protection, via E. Fermi 2749, IT-21027, Ispra, Varese, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Ranucci
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Golgi 19, IT-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Xavier Fernàndez-Busquets
- Nanomalaria Group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Baldiri Reixac 10-12, ES-08028 Barcelona, Spain.,Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona Center for International Health Research (CRESIB, Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona), Rosselló 149-153, ES-08036 Barcelona, Spain.,Nanoscience & Nanotechnology Institute (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, ES-08028 Barcelona, Spain
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17
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Donalisio M, Quaranta P, Chiuppesi F, Pistello M, Cagno V, Cavalli R, Volante M, Bugatti A, Rusnati M, Ranucci E, Ferruti P, Lembo D. The AGMA1 poly(amidoamine) inhibits the infectivity of herpes simplex virus in cell lines, in human cervicovaginal histocultures, and in vaginally infected mice. Biomaterials 2016; 85:40-53. [PMID: 26854390 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.01.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Revised: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The development of topical microbicides is a valid approach to protect the genital mucosa from sexually transmitted infections that cannot be contained with effective vaccination, like HSV and HIV infections. A suitable target of microbicides is the interaction between viral proteins and cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs). AGMA1 is a prevailingly cationic agmatine-containing polyamidoamine polymer previously shown to inhibit HSPGs dependent viruses, including HSV-1, HSV-2, and HPV-16. The aim of this study was to elucidate the mechanism of action of AGMA1 against HSV infection and assess its antiviral efficacy and biocompatibility in preclinical models. The results show AGMA1 to be a non-toxic inhibitor of HSV infectivity in cell cultures and human cervicovaginal histocultures. Moreover, it significantly reduced the burden of infection of HSV-2 genital infection in mice. The investigation of the mechanism of action revealed that AGMA1 reduces cells susceptibility to virus infection by binding to cell surface HSPGs thereby preventing HSV attachment. This study indicates that AGMA1 is a promising candidate for the development of a topical microbicide to prevent sexually transmitted HSV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Donalisio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Biologiche, Università degli Studi di Torino, 10043 Orbassano, Torino, Italy
| | - Paola Quaranta
- Dipartimento di Ricerca Traslazionale e delle Nuove Tecnologie in Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; ARPA Foundation, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Flavia Chiuppesi
- Dipartimento di Ricerca Traslazionale e delle Nuove Tecnologie in Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Mauro Pistello
- Dipartimento di Ricerca Traslazionale e delle Nuove Tecnologie in Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Valeria Cagno
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Biologiche, Università degli Studi di Torino, 10043 Orbassano, Torino, Italy
| | - Roberta Cavalli
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Marco Volante
- Dipartimento di Oncologia, Università di Torino, 10043 Orbassano, Torino Italy
| | - Antonella Bugatti
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Traslazionale, Università di Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Marco Rusnati
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Traslazionale, Università di Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Ranucci
- Dipartimento di Chimica Organica e Industriale, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Paolo Ferruti
- Dipartimento di Chimica Organica e Industriale, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - David Lembo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Biologiche, Università degli Studi di Torino, 10043 Orbassano, Torino, Italy.
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Szczubiałka K, Pyrć K, Nowakowska M. In search for effective and definitive treatment of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infections. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra22896d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Herpes Simplex Virus type 1 (HSV-1) is a nuclear replicating enveloped virus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Krzysztof Pyrć
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology
- Jagiellonian University
- 30-387 Kraków
- Poland
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The agmatine-containing poly(amidoamine) polymer AGMA1 binds cell surface heparan sulfates and prevents attachment of mucosal human papillomaviruses. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2015; 59:5250-9. [PMID: 26077258 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00443-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The agmatine-containing poly(amidoamine) polymer AGMA1 was recently shown to inhibit the infectivity of several viruses, including human papillomavirus 16 (HPV-16), that exploit cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) as attachment receptors. The aim of this work was to assess the antiviral activity of AGMA1 and its spectrum of activity against a panel of low-risk and high-risk HPVs and to elucidate its mechanism of action. AGMA1 was found to be a potent inhibitor of mucosal HPV types (i.e., types 16, 31, 45, and 6) in pseudovirus-based neutralization assays. The 50% inhibitory concentration was between 0.34 μg/ml and 0.73 μg/ml, and no evidence of cytotoxicity was observed. AGMA1 interacted with immobilized heparin and with cellular heparan sulfates, exerting its antiviral action by preventing virus attachment to the cell surface. The findings from this study indicate that AGMA1 is a leading candidate compound for further development as an active ingredient of a topical microbicide against HPV and other sexually transmitted viral infections.
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