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Aher UP, Srivastava D, Singh GP, S JB. Synthetic strategies toward 1,3-oxathiolane nucleoside analogues. Beilstein J Org Chem 2021; 17:2680-2715. [PMID: 34804240 PMCID: PMC8576827 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.17.182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Sugar-modified nucleosides have gained considerable attention in the scientific community, either for use as molecular probes or as therapeutic agents. When the methylene group of the ribose ring is replaced with a sulfur atom at the 3’-position, these compounds have proved to be structurally potent nucleoside analogues, and the best example is BCH-189. The majority of methods traditionally involves the chemical modification of nucleoside structures. It requires the creation of artificial sugars, which is accompanied by coupling nucleobases via N-glycosylation. However, over the last three decades, efforts were made for the synthesis of 1,3-oxathiolane nucleosides by selective N-glycosylation of carbohydrate precursors at C-1, and this approach has emerged as a strong alternative that allows simple modification. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview on the reported methods in the literature to access 1,3-oxathiolane nucleosides. The first focus of this review is the construction of the 1,3-oxathiolane ring from different starting materials. The second focus involves the coupling of the 1,3-oxathiolane ring with different nucleobases in a way that only one isomer is produced in a stereoselective manner via N-glycosylation. An emphasis has been placed on the C–N-glycosidic bond constructed during the formation of the nucleoside analogue. The third focus is on the separation of enantiomers of 1,3-oxathiolane nucleosides via resolution methods. The chemical as well as enzymatic procedures are reviewed and segregated in this review for effective synthesis of 1,3-oxathiolane nucleoside analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umesh P Aher
- Chemical Research Department, Lupin Research Park, Lupin Limited, 46A/47A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune-412115, Maharashtra, India
| | - Dhananjai Srivastava
- Chemical Research Department, Lupin Research Park, Lupin Limited, 46A/47A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune-412115, Maharashtra, India
| | - Girij P Singh
- Chemical Research Department, Lupin Research Park, Lupin Limited, 46A/47A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune-412115, Maharashtra, India
| | - Jayashree B S
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal-576104, Karnataka, India
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2
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Seley-Radtke KL, Yates MK. The evolution of nucleoside analogue antivirals: A review for chemists and non-chemists. Part 1: Early structural modifications to the nucleoside scaffold. Antiviral Res 2018; 154:66-86. [PMID: 29649496 PMCID: PMC6396324 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2018.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 302] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This is the first of two invited articles reviewing the development of nucleoside-analogue antiviral drugs, written for a target audience of virologists and other non-chemists, as well as chemists who may not be familiar with the field. Rather than providing a simple chronological account, we have examined and attempted to explain the thought processes, advances in synthetic chemistry and lessons learned from antiviral testing that led to a few molecules being moved forward to eventual approval for human therapies, while others were discarded. The present paper focuses on early, relatively simplistic changes made to the nucleoside scaffold, beginning with modifications of the nucleoside sugars of Ara-C and other arabinose-derived nucleoside analogues in the 1960's. A future paper will review more recent developments, focusing especially on more complex modifications, particularly those involving multiple changes to the nucleoside scaffold. We hope that these articles will help virologists and others outside the field of medicinal chemistry to understand why certain drugs were successfully developed, while the majority of candidate compounds encountered barriers due to low-yielding synthetic routes, toxicity or other problems that led to their abandonment. This is the first of two invited articles reviewing the development of nucleoside-analogue antiviral drugs. It is written for a target audience of virologists and other non-chemists, and for chemists unfamiliar with the field. Numerous modifications have been made to the nucleoside scaffold in order to impart therapeutic benefits. Nucleoside modifications led to the development of potent antivirals such as acyclovir, entecavir, and tenofovir. We examine thought processes, progress in synthetic chemistry and results of antiviral testing that led to approved drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine L Seley-Radtke
- 1000 Hilltop Circle, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Mary K Yates
- 1000 Hilltop Circle, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA
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3
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Slusarczyk M, Serpi M, Pertusati F. Phosphoramidates and phosphonamidates (ProTides) with antiviral activity. Antivir Chem Chemother 2018; 26:2040206618775243. [PMID: 29792071 PMCID: PMC5971382 DOI: 10.1177/2040206618775243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Following the first report on the nucleoside phosphoramidate (ProTide) prodrug approach in 1990 by Chris McGuigan, the extensive investigation of ProTide technology has begun in many laboratories. Designed with aim to overcome limitations and the key resistance mechanisms associated with nucleoside analogues used in the clinic (poor cellular uptake, poor conversion to the 5'-monophosphate form), the ProTide approach has been successfully applied to a vast number of nucleoside analogues with antiviral and anticancer activity. ProTides consist of a 5'-nucleoside monophosphate in which the two hydroxyl groups are masked with an amino acid ester and an aryloxy component which once in the cell is enzymatically metabolized to deliver free 5'-monophosphate, which is further transformed to the active 5'-triphosphate form of the nucleoside analogue. In this review, the seminal contribution of Chris McGuigan's research to this field is presented. His technology proved to be extremely successful in drug discovery and has led to two Food and Drug Administration-approved antiviral agents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michaela Serpi
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Fabrizio Pertusati
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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4
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Yoshimura Y. Development of a Glycosylation Reaction: A Key to Accessing Structurally Unique Nucleosides. HETEROCYCLES 2017. [DOI: 10.3987/rev-17-865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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5
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Liu X, Xia X, Sun C, Lin C, Zhou Y, Hussain M, Tang F, Liu L, Li X, Zhang J. Synthesis and Evaluation of 2'-Deoxy-2'-Spirodiflurocyclopropyl Nucleoside Analogs. NUCLEOSIDES NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2016; 35:479-94. [PMID: 27556785 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2016.1202965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The preparation of 2'-deoxy-2'-siprodifluorocyclopropany-lnucleoside analogs has been achieved from α-d-glucose in several steps. The key step in the synthesis was the introduction of the difluorocyclopropane through a difluorocarbene type reaction at the 2'-position. Then, a series of novel 2'-deoxy-2'-spirodifluorocyclopropanyl nucleoside analogs were synthesized using the Vorbrüggen method. All the synthesized nucleosides were characterized and subsequently evaluated against hepatitis C and influenza A virus strains in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Liu
- a Institute of Pharmaceutical Research , South China Normal University , Guangzhou , Guangdong , PR China
| | - Xueliang Xia
- a Institute of Pharmaceutical Research , South China Normal University , Guangzhou , Guangdong , PR China
| | - Chenghai Sun
- a Institute of Pharmaceutical Research , South China Normal University , Guangzhou , Guangdong , PR China
| | - Cai Lin
- b Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Heath , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou , PR China
| | - Yiqian Zhou
- b Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Heath , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou , PR China
| | - Muzammal Hussain
- b Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Heath , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou , PR China.,c University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , PR China
| | - Fei Tang
- b Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Heath , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou , PR China.,c University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , PR China
| | - Lu Liu
- b Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Heath , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou , PR China.,c University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , PR China
| | - Xue Li
- a Institute of Pharmaceutical Research , South China Normal University , Guangzhou , Guangdong , PR China
| | - Jiancun Zhang
- b Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Heath , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou , PR China.,d State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease , Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health , Guangzhou , PR China
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6
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Kim S, Hong JH. The First Synthesis and Anti-retroviral Activity of 5′,5′-Difluoro-3′-Hydroxy-Apiosyl Nucleoside Cyclomonophosphonic Acid Analogs. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.10696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seyeon Kim
- BK-21 Project Team, College of Pharmacy; Chosun University; Kwangju 501-759 Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Hee Hong
- BK-21 Project Team, College of Pharmacy; Chosun University; Kwangju 501-759 Republic of Korea
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7
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Toti K, Renders M, Groaz E, Herdewijn P, Van Calenbergh S. Nucleosides with Transposed Base or 4'-Hydroxymethyl Moieties and Their Corresponding Oligonucleotides. Chem Rev 2015; 115:13484-525. [PMID: 26655745 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This review focuses on 4'-hydroxymethyl- or nucleobase-transposed nucleosides, nucleotides, and nucleoside phosphonates, their stereoisomers, and their close analogues. The biological activities of all known 4'-hydroxymethyl- or nucleobase-transposed nucleosides, nucleotides, and nucleoside phosphonates as potential antiviral or anticancer agents are compiled. The routes that have been taken for the chemical synthesis of such nucleoside derivatives are described, with special attention to the innovative strategies. The enzymatic synthesis, base-pairing properties, structure, and stability of oligonucleotides containing nucleobase- or 4'-hydroxymethyl-transposed nucleotides are discussed. The use of oligonucleotides containing nucleobase- or 4'-hydroxymethyl-transposed nucleotides as small oligonucleotide (e.g., human immunodeficiency virus integrase) inhibitors, in applications such as antisense therapy, silencing RNA (siRNA), or aptamer selections, is detailed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Toti
- Laboratory for Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University , Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marleen Renders
- Laboratory for Medicinal Chemistry, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven , Minderbroedersstraat 10, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Elisabetta Groaz
- Laboratory for Medicinal Chemistry, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven , Minderbroedersstraat 10, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Piet Herdewijn
- Laboratory for Medicinal Chemistry, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven , Minderbroedersstraat 10, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Serge Van Calenbergh
- Laboratory for Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University , Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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8
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Kim S, Hong JH. Synthesis and Anti-HIV Activity of Novel 2'-Deoxy-2'-β-Fluoro-Threosyl Nucleoside Phosphonic Acid Analogues. NUCLEOSIDES NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2015; 34:815-33. [PMID: 26407633 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2015.1076840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Novel 2'-deoxy-2'-β-fluoro-threose purine phosphonic acid analogues were designed and racemically synthesized from 2-propanone-1,3-diacetate. Condensation successfully proceeded from a glycosyl donor 9 under Vorbrüggen conditions. Cross-metathesis of vinyl analogues 13 and 23 with diethyl vinylphosphonate yielded the desired nucleoside phosphonate analogues 14 and 24, respectively. Ammonolysis and hydrolysis of phosphonates yielded the nucleoside phosphonic acid analogues 16, 19, 26, and 29. The synthesized nucleoside analogues were subjected to antiviral screening against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1. Adenine analogue 18 exhibited weak in vitro activities against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyeon Kim
- a BK-21 Project Team, College of Pharmacy, Chosun University , Kwangju , Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Hee Hong
- a BK-21 Project Team, College of Pharmacy, Chosun University , Kwangju , Republic of Korea
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9
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Toti KS, Derudas M, Pertusati F, Sinnaeve D, Van den Broeck F, Margamuljana L, Martins JC, Herdewijn P, Balzarini J, McGuigan C, Van Calenbergh S. Synthesis of an apionucleoside family and discovery of a prodrug with anti-HIV activity. J Org Chem 2014; 79:5097-112. [PMID: 24804575 DOI: 10.1021/jo500659e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
We report the synthesis of a family of D- and L-furano-D-apionucleosides, their 3'-deoxy, as well as their 2',3'-dideoxy analogues with thymine and adenine nucleobases. Single carbon homologation of 1,2-O-isopropylidene-D-glycero-tetrafuranos-3-ulose (15) and optimized glycosylation conditions involving microwave irradiation were key to the successful synthesis of the target compounds. While all target nucleosides failed to show significant antiviral activity, we demonstrated that the triphosphate of 2',3'-deoxy-D-apio-D-furanoadenosine (1), in contrast to that of its D-apio-L-furanose epimer 2, was readily incorporated into a DNA template by HIV reverse transcriptase to act as a DNA chain terminator. This led us to convert adenine derivative 1 into two phosphoramidate prodrugs. ProTide 9b was found active against HIV-1 and HIV-2 (EC50 = 0.5-1.5 μM), indicating that the lack of activity of the parent nucleoside, and possibly also other members of the D-apio-D-furanose nucleoside family must be sought in the inefficient cellular conversion to the monophosphate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran S Toti
- Laboratory for Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University , Harelbekestraat 72, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
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10
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Synthesis of a novel carbocyclic analog of bredinin. Molecules 2013; 18:11576-85. [PMID: 24048288 PMCID: PMC6270366 DOI: 10.3390/molecules180911576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2013] [Revised: 09/05/2013] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The natural nucleoside antibiotic, bredinin, exhibits antiviral and other biological activities. While various nucleosides related to bredinin have been synthesized, its carbocyclic analog has remained unknown. Synthesis of this heretofore unknown analog of bredinin is described. The key precursor, (3aS,4R,6R,6aR)-6-((methoxy-methoxy)methyl)-2,2-dimethyltetrahydro-3aH-cyclopenta[d][1,3]dioxol-4-amine (5), was prepared from the commercially available compound, (1R,4S)-2-azabicyclo[2.2.1] hept-5-en-3-one (4). Our initial approach used intermediate 6, derived in three transformations from 5, for the key photolytic step to produce the desired ring-opened precursor to the target compound. This photochemical transformation was unsuccessful. However, an appropriately protected and related precursor was synthesized from 5 through the following side-chain functional group transformations: elaboration of the amino group through malonyl ester formation, oximation at the central carbon, conversion of ester to amide and catalytic reduction of the oxime group. This precursor, on treatment with triethylorthoformate and catalytic acetic acid in ethanol, underwent cyclization to produce the desired 4-carbamoyl-imidazolium-5-olate ring. Deprotection of the latter product proceeded smoothly to give the carbocyclic analog of bredinin. This target molecule exhibits antiviral activity, albeit low, against a number of RNA viruses. Further biological evaluations are in progress.
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11
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Kore AR, Xiao Z, Senthilvelan A, Charles I, Shanmugasundaram M, Mukundarajan S, Srinivasan B. An efficient synthesis of pyrimidine specific 2'-deoxynucleoside-5'-tetraphosphates. NUCLEOSIDES NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2012; 31:567-73. [PMID: 22849648 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2012.703358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
An efficient chemical synthesis of pyrimidine specific 2'-deoxynucleoside-5'-tetraphosphates, such as 2'-deoxycytidine-5'-tetraphosphate (dC4P) and thymidine-5'-tetraphosphate (T4P) is described. The present three-step synthetic strategy involves monophosphorylation of 2'-deoxynucleoside using phosphorous oxychloride, conversion of 5'-monophosphate into the corresponding imidazolide salt, followed by reaction with tris[tributylammonium] triphosphate leading to the 2'-deoxynucleoside-5'-tetraphosphate in good yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anilkumar R Kore
- Bioorganic Chemistry Division, Life Technologies Inc., Austin, TX 78744–1832, USA.
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12
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Trost BM, Osipov M, Dong G. Palladium-catalyzed asymmetric allylic alkylation of electron-deficient pyrroles with meso electrophiles. Org Lett 2012; 14:2254-7. [PMID: 22506671 DOI: 10.1021/ol3006584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Pyrroles can serve as competent nucleophiles with meso electrophiles in the Pd-catalyzed asymmetric allylic alkylation. The products from this transformation were obtained as a single regio- and diastereomer in high yield and enantiopurity. A nitropyrrole-containing nucleoside analogue was synthesized in seven steps to demonstrate the synthetic utility of this transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry M Trost
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States.
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13
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Zhang HW, Detorio M, Herman BD, Solomon S, Bassit L, Nettles JH, Obikhod A, Tao SJ, Mellors JW, Sluis-Cremer N, Coats SJ, Schinazi RF. Synthesis, antiviral activity, cytotoxicity and cellular pharmacology of l-3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxypurine nucleosides. Eur J Med Chem 2011; 46:3832-44. [PMID: 21700368 PMCID: PMC3242641 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2011.05.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2011] [Revised: 05/19/2011] [Accepted: 05/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Microwave-assisted optimized transglycosylation reactions were used to prepare eleven modified l-3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxypurine nucleosides. These l-nucleoside analogs were evaluated against HIV and hepatitis B virus. The l-3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxypurines nucleosides were metabolized to nucleoside 5'-triphosphates in primary human lymphocytes, but exhibited weak or no antiviral activity against HIV-1. The nucleosides were also inactive against HBV in HepG2 cells. Pre-steady state kinetic experiments demonstrated that the l-3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxypurine triphosphates could be incorporated by purified HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, although their catalytic efficiency (k(pol)/K(d)) of incorporation was low. Interestingly, a phosphoramidate prodrug of l-3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxyadenosine exhibited anti-HIV-1 activity without significant toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-wang Zhang
- Center for AIDS Research, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, and the Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, GA 30033, USA
| | - Mervi Detorio
- Center for AIDS Research, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, and the Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, GA 30033, USA
| | - Brian D. Herman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Pittsburg School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Sarah Solomon
- Center for AIDS Research, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, and the Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, GA 30033, USA
| | - Leda Bassit
- Center for AIDS Research, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, and the Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, GA 30033, USA
| | - James H. Nettles
- Center for AIDS Research, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, and the Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, GA 30033, USA
| | - Aleksandr Obikhod
- Center for AIDS Research, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, and the Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, GA 30033, USA
| | - Si-jia Tao
- Center for AIDS Research, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, and the Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, GA 30033, USA
| | - John W. Mellors
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Pittsburg School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Nicolas Sluis-Cremer
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Pittsburg School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | | | - Raymond F. Schinazi
- Center for AIDS Research, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, and the Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, GA 30033, USA
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14
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Trost BM, Osipov M, Kaib PSJ, Sorum MT. Acetoxy Meldrum's acid: a versatile acyl anion equivalent in the Pd-catalyzed asymmetric allylic alkylation. Org Lett 2011; 13:3222-5. [PMID: 21615099 PMCID: PMC3144701 DOI: 10.1021/ol2011242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Acetoxy Meldrum's acid can serve as a versatile acyl anion equivalent in the Pd-catalyzed asymmetric allylic alkylation. The reaction of this nucleophile with various meso and racemic electrophiles afforded alkylated products in high yields and enantiopurities. These enantioenriched products are versatile intermediates that can be further functionalized using nitrogen- and oxygen-centered nucleophiles, affording versatile scaffolds for the synthesis of nucleoside analogues. These scaffolds were used to complete formal syntheses of the anti-HIV drugs carbovir, abacavir, and the antibiotic aristeromycin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry M Trost
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5080, USA.
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15
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16
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Li H, Lee W, Hong JH. Synthesis and in vitro activity of 4' and 5'-modified analogues of apiosyl nucleosides as potent anti-HCV agents. NUCLEOSIDES NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2010; 28:1104-16. [PMID: 20183577 DOI: 10.1080/15257770903396725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Novel doubly branched apio dideoxynucleosides were synthesized starting from 1,3-dihydroxyacetone using an ozonolysis and Grignard addition as key steps, and evaluated for anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV) activity. The adenine derivative 24 showed significant anti-HCV activity, indicating that the branches at the 4',5'-position of the apiosyl ring led to favorable interaction with HCV polymerase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Li
- BK21-Project Team, College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Kwangju, Republic of Korea
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17
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Yoshimura Y, Asami K, Imamichi T, Okuda T, Shiraki K, Takahata H. Design and Synthesis of Isonucleosides Constructed on a 2-Oxa-6-thiabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane Scaffold. J Org Chem 2010; 75:4161-71. [DOI: 10.1021/jo100556u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Yoshimura
- Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, 4-4-1 Komatsushima, Aoba-ku, Sendai 981-8558, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Asami
- Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, 4-4-1 Komatsushima, Aoba-ku, Sendai 981-8558, Japan
| | - Tomozumi Imamichi
- Laboratory of Human Retrovirology, Applied and Development Research Program, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases at Frederick, Science Applications International Corporation-Frederick, Inc. Frederick, Maryland 21702
| | - Tomoko Okuda
- Department of Virology, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Kimiyasu Shiraki
- Department of Virology, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Hiroki Takahata
- Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, 4-4-1 Komatsushima, Aoba-ku, Sendai 981-8558, Japan
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18
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Romeo G, Chiacchio U, Corsaro A, Merino P. Chemical Synthesis of Heterocyclic−Sugar Nucleoside Analogues. Chem Rev 2010; 110:3337-70. [PMID: 20232792 DOI: 10.1021/cr800464r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Romeo
- Dipartimento Farmaco-Chimico, Università di Messina, Via SS Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy, and Laboratorio de Sintesis Asimetrica, Departamento de Quimica Organica, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragon, Universidad de Zaragoza, CSIC, E-50009 Zaragoza, Aragon, Spain, Pedro Merino:
| | - Ugo Chiacchio
- Dipartimento Farmaco-Chimico, Università di Messina, Via SS Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy, and Laboratorio de Sintesis Asimetrica, Departamento de Quimica Organica, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragon, Universidad de Zaragoza, CSIC, E-50009 Zaragoza, Aragon, Spain, Pedro Merino:
| | - Antonino Corsaro
- Dipartimento Farmaco-Chimico, Università di Messina, Via SS Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy, and Laboratorio de Sintesis Asimetrica, Departamento de Quimica Organica, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragon, Universidad de Zaragoza, CSIC, E-50009 Zaragoza, Aragon, Spain, Pedro Merino:
| | - Pedro Merino
- Dipartimento Farmaco-Chimico, Università di Messina, Via SS Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy, and Laboratorio de Sintesis Asimetrica, Departamento de Quimica Organica, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragon, Universidad de Zaragoza, CSIC, E-50009 Zaragoza, Aragon, Spain, Pedro Merino:
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19
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Synthesis of 1-(5,6-dihydro-2H-thiopyran-2-yl)uracil by a Pummerer-type thioglycosylation reaction: the regioselectivity of allylic substitution. Tetrahedron 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2009.09.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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20
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Hong JH, Oh CH. Synthesis andIn-vitroActivity of 4′-Modified Analogues of ddA as Potent Anti-HIV Agents. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2009; 342:600-4. [DOI: 10.1002/ardp.200900063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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21
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Wang JL, Xu JM, Wu Q, Lv DS, Lin XF. Promiscuous enzyme-catalyzed regioselective Michael addition of purine derivatives to α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds in organic solvent. Tetrahedron 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2009.01.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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22
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Zheng F, Zhang X, Qing FL. Stereoselective Reformatskii–Claisen rearrangement: synthesis of 2′,3′-dideoxy-6′,6′-difluoro-2′-thionucleosides. Chem Commun (Camb) 2009:1505-7. [DOI: 10.1039/b819289h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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23
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Nair V, Piotrowska DG, Okello M, Vadakkan J. Isonucleosides: design and synthesis of new isomeric nucleosides with antiviral potential. NUCLEOSIDES NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2008; 26:687-90. [PMID: 18066880 DOI: 10.1080/15257770701490639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Isonucleosides discovered in our laboratory have been found to have interesting antiviral activity. The design, development of methodology, and stereochemical synthesis of new isonucleosides of anti-HCV interest are described. Antiviral results are cited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasu Nair
- Center for Drug Discovery and the Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30620-2352, USA.
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24
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Jeong LS, Lee JA, Moon HR, Kim HO, Lee KM, Lee HJ, Chun MW. Asymmetric synthesis of novel apio carbocyclic nucleoside analogues as potential antiviral and antitumor agent. NUCLEOSIDES NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2008; 26:721-4. [PMID: 18066888 DOI: 10.1080/15257770701493237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Novel apio carbocyclic nucleosides 18-21 were asymmetrically synthesized as potential antiviral and antitumor agent, starting from D-ribose employing aldol reaction, RCM reaction and Mitsunobu reaction as key reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lak Shin Jeong
- College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea.
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25
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Koszytkowska-Stawińska M, Kołaczkowska E, Adamkiewicz E, De Clercq E. Synthesis and antiviral properties of aza-analogues of ganciclovir derived from 5,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)pyrrolidin-2-one. Tetrahedron 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2007.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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26
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Chiacchio U, Corsaro A, Iannazzo D, Piperno A, Romeo G, Romeo R, Saita MG, Rescifina A. Synthesis of Methyleneisoxazolidine Nucleoside Analogues by Microwave-Assisted Nitrone Cycloaddition. European J Org Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200700171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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27
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Alexandre JA, Roy B, Topalis D, Pochet S, Périgaud C, Deville-Bonne D. Enantioselectivity of human AMP, dTMP and UMP-CMP kinases. Nucleic Acids Res 2007; 35:4895-904. [PMID: 17626051 PMCID: PMC1950558 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkm479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
l-Nucleoside analogues such as lamivudine are active for treating viral infections. Like d-nucleosides, the biological activity of the l-enantiomers requires their stepwise phosphorylation by cellular or viral kinases to give the triphosphate. The enantioselectivity of NMP kinases has not been thoroughly studied, unlike that of deoxyribonucleoside kinases. We have therefore investigated the capacity of l-enantiomers of some natural (d)NMP to act as substrates for the recombinant forms of human uridylate-cytidylate kinase, thymidylate kinase and adenylate kinases 1 and 2. Both cytosolic and mitochondrial adenylate kinases were strictly enantioselective, as they phosphorylated only d-(d)AMP. l-dTMP was a substrate for thymidylate kinase, but with an efficiency 150-fold less than d-dTMP. Both l-dUMP and l-(d)CMP were phosphorylated by UMP-CMP kinase although much less efficiently than their natural counterparts. The stereopreference was conserved with the 2′-azido derivatives of dUMP and dUMP while, unexpectedly, the 2′-azido-d-dCMP was a 4-fold better substrate for UMP-CMP kinase than was CMP. Docking simulations showed that the small differences in the binding of d-(d)NMP to their respective kinases could account for the differences in interactions of the l-isomers with the enzymes. This in vitro information was then used to develop the in vivo activation pathway for l-dT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie A.C. Alexandre
- Laboratoire d’Enzymologie Moléculaire, FRE 2852-CNRS-Université Paris 6, 4, place Jussieu, 75005 Paris Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247 CNRS-Universités Montpellier 1 et 2, case courrier 1705, Bâtiment Chimie 17, Université Montpellier 2, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier cedex 5 and Unité de Chimie Organique, URA CNRS 2128, Institut Pasteur, 28 rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex15, France
| | - Béatrice Roy
- Laboratoire d’Enzymologie Moléculaire, FRE 2852-CNRS-Université Paris 6, 4, place Jussieu, 75005 Paris Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247 CNRS-Universités Montpellier 1 et 2, case courrier 1705, Bâtiment Chimie 17, Université Montpellier 2, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier cedex 5 and Unité de Chimie Organique, URA CNRS 2128, Institut Pasteur, 28 rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex15, France
| | - Dimitri Topalis
- Laboratoire d’Enzymologie Moléculaire, FRE 2852-CNRS-Université Paris 6, 4, place Jussieu, 75005 Paris Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247 CNRS-Universités Montpellier 1 et 2, case courrier 1705, Bâtiment Chimie 17, Université Montpellier 2, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier cedex 5 and Unité de Chimie Organique, URA CNRS 2128, Institut Pasteur, 28 rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex15, France
| | - Sylvie Pochet
- Laboratoire d’Enzymologie Moléculaire, FRE 2852-CNRS-Université Paris 6, 4, place Jussieu, 75005 Paris Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247 CNRS-Universités Montpellier 1 et 2, case courrier 1705, Bâtiment Chimie 17, Université Montpellier 2, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier cedex 5 and Unité de Chimie Organique, URA CNRS 2128, Institut Pasteur, 28 rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex15, France
| | - Christian Périgaud
- Laboratoire d’Enzymologie Moléculaire, FRE 2852-CNRS-Université Paris 6, 4, place Jussieu, 75005 Paris Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247 CNRS-Universités Montpellier 1 et 2, case courrier 1705, Bâtiment Chimie 17, Université Montpellier 2, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier cedex 5 and Unité de Chimie Organique, URA CNRS 2128, Institut Pasteur, 28 rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex15, France
| | - Dominique Deville-Bonne
- Laboratoire d’Enzymologie Moléculaire, FRE 2852-CNRS-Université Paris 6, 4, place Jussieu, 75005 Paris Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247 CNRS-Universités Montpellier 1 et 2, case courrier 1705, Bâtiment Chimie 17, Université Montpellier 2, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier cedex 5 and Unité de Chimie Organique, URA CNRS 2128, Institut Pasteur, 28 rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex15, France
- *To whom correspondence should be addressed.+33 1 44 27 59 93, Fax: +33 1 44 27 59 94
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28
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Kim A, Hong JH. Racemic synthesis and antiviral evaluation of 4'(alpha)-hydroxymethyl and 6'(alpha)-methyl substituted apiosyl nucleosides. NUCLEOSIDES NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2007; 26:291-302. [PMID: 17454738 DOI: 10.1080/15257770701257491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
This article reports the novel synthesis of substituted apiosyl nucleosides. The key apiosyl intermediate 9 was constructed by sequential ozonolysis, reductions, and acetylation from the ester derivative 6. The nucleosides of uracil, thymine, cytosine, and adenine were synthesized using the glycosyl condensation procedure (silyated base and TMSOTf). The antiviral activities of the synthesized compounds against the HIV-1, HSV-1, HSV-2, and HCMV viruses were evaluated. The adenine derivative 26 showed weak anti-HIV activity (EC(50) = 10.1 microg/ml) without exhibiting any cytotoxicity up to a concentration of 100 microM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aihong Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Kwangju, Republic of Korea
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29
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Yoshimura Y, Yamazaki Y, Kawahata M, Yamaguchi K, Takahata H. Design and synthesis of a novel ring-expanded 4′-thio-apio-nucleoside derivatives. Tetrahedron Lett 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2007.04.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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30
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Conformational study and electron density analysis of 9-[tetrahydropyran-3-yl]purine derivatives. Tetrahedron 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2006.10.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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31
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Mathé C, Gosselin G. l-Nucleoside enantiomers as antivirals drugs: A mini-review. Antiviral Res 2006; 71:276-81. [PMID: 16797735 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2006.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2006] [Revised: 04/25/2006] [Accepted: 04/27/2006] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The discovery that some nucleoside analogues endowed with the unnatural L-configuration can possess biological activities has been a significant breakthrough in antiviral chemotherapy. In this regard, lamivudine (3TC) was the first L-nucleoside enantiomer approved against HIV and HBV, and several other L-nucleosides are currently under clinical development as antiviral agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Mathé
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique Biomoléculaire de Synthèse, UMR 5625 CNRS, Université Montpellier II, Case Courrier 008, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier, France
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32
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Pickering L, Nair V. SYNTHESIS OF NOVEL BICYCLIC NUCLEOSIDES RELATED TO NATURAL GRISEOLIC ACIDS. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/07328319608002730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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33
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Gosselin G, Boudou V, Griffon JF, Pavia G, Pierra C, Imbach JL, Faraj A, Sommadossi JP. Unnatural β-L-Enantiomers of Nucleoside Analogues as Potent Anti-Hepatitis B Virus Agents. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/07328319808004708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G. Gosselin
- a Laboratoire Chimie Bioorganique, UMR CNRS 5625 , Universite Montpellier II , 34095 , Montpellier , Cedex 5, France
| | - V. Boudou
- a Laboratoire Chimie Bioorganique, UMR CNRS 5625 , Universite Montpellier II , 34095 , Montpellier , Cedex 5, France
| | - J-F Griffon
- a Laboratoire Chimie Bioorganique, UMR CNRS 5625 , Universite Montpellier II , 34095 , Montpellier , Cedex 5, France
| | - G. Pavia
- a Laboratoire Chimie Bioorganique, UMR CNRS 5625 , Universite Montpellier II , 34095 , Montpellier , Cedex 5, France
| | - C. Pierra
- a Laboratoire Chimie Bioorganique, UMR CNRS 5625 , Universite Montpellier II , 34095 , Montpellier , Cedex 5, France
| | - J-L Imbach
- a Laboratoire Chimie Bioorganique, UMR CNRS 5625 , Universite Montpellier II , 34095 , Montpellier , Cedex 5, France
| | - A. Faraj
- b University of Alabama, Department of Pharmacology , Birmingham , AL , 35294 , USA
| | - J-P Sommadossi
- b University of Alabama, Department of Pharmacology , Birmingham , AL , 35294 , USA
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34
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Nishonov AA, Ma X, Nair V. Azadideoxyadenosine: Synthesis, enzymology, and anti-HIV activity. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2006; 16:4099-101. [PMID: 16698265 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.04.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2006] [Revised: 04/26/2006] [Accepted: 04/27/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis of an azanucleoside, a new analogue of dideoxyadenosine, is described. This compound is only slowly deaminated by mammalian adenosine deaminase and it is a substrate for adenosine kinase. It exhibits in vitro anti-HIV activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdumalik A Nishonov
- The Center for Drug Discovery and Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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35
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Kim JW, Hong JH. Synthesis and antiviral activity of novel phenyl branched apiosyl nucleosides. Arch Pharm Res 2006; 29:464-8. [PMID: 16833012 DOI: 10.1007/bf02969417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Novel phenyl branched apiosyl nucleosides were synthesized in this study. The introduction of phenyl group in the 4'-position was accomplished by a [3,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement. Apiosyl sugar moiety was constructed by sequential ozonolysis and reductions. The natural bases (cytosine and adenine) were efficiently coupled with an apiosyl sugar by classical glycosyl condensation procedure (persilyated base and TMSOTf). The antiviral activities of the synthesized compounds were evaluated against the HIV-1, HSV-1, HSV-2 and HCMV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Woo Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Kwangju, Korea
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36
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Kim JH, Kim HO, Lee KM, Chun MW, Moon HR, Jeong LS. Asymmetric synthesis of homo-apioneplanocin A from d-ribose. Tetrahedron 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2006.04.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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37
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Ludek OR, Balzarini J, Meier C. Synthesis and Antiviral Evaluation of Carbocyclic 3′-Azidothymidine (AZT) Analogues and TheircycloSal-Phosphate Triesters. European J Org Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200500719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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38
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Ludek OR, Meier C. Influence of theN3-Protection Group onN1- vs.O2-Alkylation in the Mitsunobu Reaction. European J Org Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200500801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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39
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Moukha-chafiq O, Tiwari KN, Secrist JA. Synthesis of some 2'-fluoro-2'-deoxy-3'-C-ethynyl and 3'-C-vinyl-beta-D-lyxofuranosyl nucleosides. NUCLEOSIDES NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2005; 24:713-5. [PMID: 16248021 DOI: 10.1081/ncn-200060300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
1-(2-Fluoro-2-deoxy-beta-D-drabinofuranosyl) uracil (5) and 1-(2-fluoro-2-deoxy-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl)cytosine (6) were synthesized as reported earlier. Both of these compounds were converted into 2'-fluoro-2'-deoxy-3'-C-ethynyl and 3'-C-vinyl-beta-D-lyxofuranosyl nuclearsides (16-19) by a multistep sequence. All these new nucleosides were evaluated against seven human tumor cell lines in vitro.
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40
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Chun BK, Vadakkan JJ, Nair V. Ring-expanded analogues of natural oxetanocin: (+) and (-) hydroxymethyl isodideoxyadenosine. NUCLEOSIDES NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2005; 24:725-8. [PMID: 16248024 DOI: 10.1081/ncn-200060036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
New enantiomeric isonucleoside analogues related to natural oxetanocin have been synthesized from D-glucosamine and D-glucose. The structures of the target compounds were confirmed by NMR, HRMS, UV, single crystal X-ray, and optical rotation data. Stability studies with respect to purine nucleoside phosphorylase and adenosine deaminase show that these compounds are not substrates. Antiviral results are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byoung-Kwon Chun
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
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41
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Kim JW, Hong JH. Synthesis and Antiviral Evaluation of Novel 4′-Hydroxymethyl Branched Thioapiosyl Nucleosides. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2005; 338:577-81. [PMID: 16353276 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.200500174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we synthesized novel 4'-hydroxymethyl branched thioapiosyl nucleosides. The thioapiosyl sugar moiety was constructed using sequential ozonolysis and reduction. The natural bases (uracil, thymine, cytosine, and adenine) were efficiently coupled using the Vorbrüggen glycosyl condensation procedure (persilyated base and TMSOTf). The antiviral activities of the synthesized compounds were evaluated against HIV-1, HSV-1, HSV-2, and HCMV. Compound 19 showed moderate anti-HIV activity (EC(50) = 19.3 microg/mL) without exhibiting any cytotoxicity up to 100 microM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Woo Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Kwangju, Republic of Korea
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42
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Lee JA, Moon HR, Kim HO, Kim KR, Lee KM, Kim BT, Hwang KJ, Chun MW, Jacobson KA, Jeong LS. Synthesis of novel apio carbocyclic nucleoside analogues as selective a(3) adenosine receptor agonists. J Org Chem 2005; 70:5006-13. [PMID: 15960499 DOI: 10.1021/jo0503207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
On the basis of the biological activity of neplanocin A and apio-dideoxyadenosine (apio-ddA), novel apio-neplanocin A analogues 5a-d, combining the properties of two nucleosides, were stereoselectively synthesized. The apio moiety of the target nucleosides 5a-d was stereoselectively introduced by treating lactol 10 with 37% formaldehyde in the presence of potassium carbonate. The carbasugar moiety of neplanocin A was successively built by exposing diene 12 on a Grubbs catalyst in methylene chloride. The final nucleosides 5a-d were synthesized from the condensation of the glycosyl donor 14 with nucleic bases under the standard Mitsunobu conditions. Similarly, apio-aristeromycin 6 and (N)-apio-methanocarbaadenosine 7 were derived from the common intermediate 13 using catalytic hydrogenation and Simmons-Smith cyclopropanation as key steps. All of the final nucleosides 5a-d, 6, and 7 did not show significant inhibitory activity against S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase (SAH) up to 100 muM, maybe due to the absence of the secondary hydroxyl group at the C3'-position, which should be oxidized by cofactor-bound NAD(+). However, apio-neplanocin A (5a) showed potent and highly selective binding affinity (K(i) = 628 +/- 69 nM) at the A(3) adenosine receptor without any binding affinity at the A(1) and A(2A) adenosine receptors. In conclusion, we have first developed novel carbocyclic nucleosides with unnatural apio-carbasugars using stereoselective hydroxymethylation and RCM reaction and also discovered a new template of human A(3) adenosine receptor agonist, which play a great role in developing new A(3) adenosine receptor agonist as well as in identifying the binding site of the receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong A Lee
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
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43
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Kim MJ, Jeong LS, Kim JH, Shin JH, Chung SY, Lee SK, Chun MW. Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel apio nucleosides with thiazole-4-carboxamide and 1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide. NUCLEOSIDES NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2005; 23:715-24. [PMID: 15200033 DOI: 10.1081/ncn-120037666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
In view of biological activities of azole nucleosides and apio-dideoxynucleoside, novel apio nucleoside analogues (1 and 2) with thiazole and triazole base moiety were synthesized using 2,3-O-isopropylidene-apio-beta-D-furanose (3), which was prepared from D-mannose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myong Jung Kim
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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44
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45
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Guenther S, Nair V. A new approach for the synthesis of novel 5-substituted isodeoxyuridine analogs. NUCLEOSIDES NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2004; 23:183-93. [PMID: 15043146 DOI: 10.1081/ncn-120027827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Cyclic sulfates of carbohydrates provide excellent synthons for the preparation of isodeoxyuridines through direct nucleophilic substitution reactions. These substitution reactions have exceptional regioselectivity. The products of the reactions served as key precursors for the synthesis of 5-substituted isodeoxyuridines via the Stille and Heck coupling reactions. Interestingly, unprotected nucleosides could be used in these metal-mediated functionalizations. The methodologies are general and allow ready access to a variety of C-5 functionalized isomeric deoxyuridines, but also have the potential to be extended to other nucleoside analogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Guenther
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
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46
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Wu YY, Zhang X, Meng WD, Qing FL. Synthesis of New 2‘,3‘-Dideoxy-6‘,6‘-difluoro-3‘-thionucleoside from gem-Difluorohomoallyl Alcohol. Org Lett 2004; 6:3941-4. [PMID: 15496069 DOI: 10.1021/ol048423j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] 2',3'-Dideoxy-6',6'-difluoro-3'-thionucleoside 1b, an analogue of 3Tc that has high biological activities against HIV and HBV, has been synthesized from gem-difluorohomoallyl alcohol 3 in an efficient way. The key intermediate 4-amino-3,3-difluorotetrahydrothiophen-2-ylmethyl benzoate 15 was prepared from 2,2-difluoro-1-[(4R)-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]but-3-en-1-ol 3 in 11 steps. The construction of pyrimidine ring with the amino group of compound 15 gave the target compound 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Yun Wu
- Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, 354 Fenglin Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
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Mereyala HB, Mamidyala SK. Simple entry into isonucleosides: synthesis of 6-amino-9-[(3S,4S,5R)-4-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-3-yl]purine. Tetrahedron Lett 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2004.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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48
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Zhang X, Xia H, Dong X, Jin J, Meng WD, Qing FL. 3-Deoxy-3,3-difluoro-d-arabinofuranose: First Stereoselective Synthesis and Application in Preparation of gem-Difluorinated Sugar Nucleosides. J Org Chem 2003; 68:9026-33. [PMID: 14604377 DOI: 10.1021/jo034512i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The design and synthesis of gem-difluorinated sugar nucleosides were described. The key intermediate, 3-deoxy-3,3-difluoro-d-arabinofuranose 9, was first stereoselectively prepared from the chiral gem-difluorohomoallyl alcohol 12. The kinetic formation of single anti-14 in the benzylation of 12 could be accomplished by controlling the amount of sodium hydride used. The dihydroxylation of 14 (a mixture of anti and syn isomers) followed by deprotection and oxidation stereoselectively afforded furanose 9 with the arabino configuration at the C2 position. N(1)-(3-Deoxy-3,3-difluoro-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl)cytosine 6 was prepared from 9 by the glycosylation reaction. 4'-Thiofuranose 25 was easily synthesized from 9. The oxidation of 25 followed by the condensation with silylated N(4)-benzoylcytosine (Pummerer reaction) failed to give our desired protected nucleoside l-3'-deoxy-3',3'-difluoro- 4'-thiocytidine 27', but the regioisomer 27 was obtained. The regiochemistry of the Pummerer reaction was determined by the kinetic acidity of the alpha-proton of 4'-thiofuranose 25.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, 354 Fenglin Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
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Richichi B, Cicchi S, Chiacchio U, Romeo G, Brandi A. Stereoselective synthesis of new bicyclic N,O-iso-homonucleoside analogues. Tetrahedron 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(03)00772-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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50
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Aragonès S, Bravo F, Dı́az Y, Matheu MI, Castillón S. Stereoselective synthesis of l-isonucleosides. Tetrahedron Lett 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(03)00743-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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