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Chalmers G, Anderson REV, Murray R, Topp E, Boerlin P. Characterization of Proteus mirabilis and associated plasmids isolated from anaerobic dairy cattle manure digesters. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0289703. [PMID: 37561682 PMCID: PMC10414651 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0289703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteus mirabilis is an opportunistic pathogen associated with a variety of human infections, including urinary tract infections. The prevalence of P. mirabilis in foods of animal origin and in the manure by-products created in animal production is not well documented. Further, the prevalence and persistence of extended-spectrum cephalosporin (ESC) resistant P. mirabilis is largely unknown. In this study, we characterized ESC-resistant P. mirabilis recovered from various stages of dairy manure anaerobic digestion. Isolates were screened by PCR for blaCTX-M, blaCMY and blaSHV, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed. Fifty-six P. mirabilis carrying CTX-M were sequenced with short and long read sequencing technologies, and the assembled chromosomes and plasmids were compared. ESC-resistant Proteus was found in four of the six manure digesters, an indication that not all digesters were colonized with resistant strains. Both CTX-M-1 and CTX-M-15 plasmids were found in P. mirabilis isolates. Transfer of plasmid DNA by conjugation was also explored, with ESC-resistance plasmids able to transfer to Escherichia coli at high frequency. We concluded that P. mirabilis can harbour and transfer ESC-resistance genes and plasmids, and may be an overlooked reservoir of antimicrobial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabhan Chalmers
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rebecca E. V. Anderson
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Roger Murray
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Edward Topp
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Patrick Boerlin
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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Odewale G, Jibola-Shittu MY, Ojurongbe O, Olowe RA, Olowe OA. Genotypic Determination of Extended Spectrum β-Lactamases and Carbapenemase Production in Clinical Isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae in Southwest Nigeria. Infect Dis Rep 2023; 15:339-353. [PMID: 37367193 DOI: 10.3390/idr15030034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Klebsiella pneumoniae is a major pathogen implicated in healthcare-associated infections. Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) and carbapenemase-producing K. pneumoniae isolates are a public health concern. This study investigated the existence of some ESBL and carbapenemase genes among clinical isolates of K. pneumoniae in Southwest Nigeria and additionally determined their circulating clones. MATERIALS AND METHODS Various clinical samples from 420 patients from seven tertiary hospitals within Southwestern Nigeria were processed between February 2018 and July 2019. These samples were cultured on blood agar and MacConkey agar, and the isolated bacteria were identified by Microbact GNB 12E. All K. pneumoniae were confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using the 16s rRNA gene. Antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) was done on these isolates, and the PCR was used to evaluate the common ESBL-encoding genes and carbapenem resistance genes. Genotyping was performed using multi-locus sequencing typing (MLST). RESULTS The overall prevalence of K. pneumoniae in Southwestern Nigeria was 30.5%. The AST revealed high resistance rates to tetracyclines (67.2%), oxacillin (61.7%), ampicillin (60.2%), ciprofloxacin (58.6%), chloramphenicol (56.3%), and lowest resistance to meropenem (43.0%). All isolates were susceptible to polymyxin B. The most prevalent ESBL gene was the TEM gene (47.7%), followed by CTX-M (43.8%), SHV (39.8%), OXA (27.3%), CTX-M-15 (19.5%), CTX-M-2 (11.1%), and CTX-M-9 (10.9%). Among the carbapenemase genes studied, the VIM gene (43.0%) was most detected, followed by OXA-48 (28.9%), IMP (22.7%), NDM (17.2%), KPC (13.3%), CMY (11.7%), and FOX (9.4%). GIM and SPM genes were not detected. MLST identified six different sequence types (STs) in this study. The most dominant ST was ST307 (50%, 5/10), while ST258, ST11, ST147, ST15, and ST321 had (10%, 1/10) each. CONCLUSION High antimicrobial resistance in K. pneumoniae is a clear and present danger for managing infections in Nigeria. Additionally, the dominance of a successful international ST307 clone highlights the importance of ensuring that genomic surveillance remains a priority in the hospital environment in Nigeria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gbolabo Odewale
- Department of Microbiology, Federal University, Lokoja P.M.B. 1154, Kogi State, Nigeria
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso P.M.B. 4000, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | | | - Olusola Ojurongbe
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso P.M.B. 4000, Oyo State, Nigeria
- Centre for Emerging and Re-Emerging Infectious Diseases (CERID-LAUTECH), Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso P.M.B. 4000, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Rita Ayanbolade Olowe
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso P.M.B. 4000, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Olugbenga Adekunle Olowe
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso P.M.B. 4000, Oyo State, Nigeria
- Centre for Emerging and Re-Emerging Infectious Diseases (CERID-LAUTECH), Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso P.M.B. 4000, Oyo State, Nigeria
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López-Siles M, Moure Z, Muadica AS, Sánchez S, Cruces R, Ávila A, Lara N, Köster PC, Dashti A, Oteo-Iglesias J, Carmena D, McConnell MJ. Fecal carriage of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales in healthy Spanish schoolchildren. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1035291. [PMID: 37362938 PMCID: PMC10288999 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1035291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Extended-spectrum ß-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales (ESBL-E) are a serious threat among emerging antibiotic resistant bacteria. Particularly, the number of cases of ESBL-E infections reported in children has been increasing in recent years, and approved antibiotic treatments for this age group are limited. However, information regarding the prevalence of colonization in European children, risk factors associated with colonization, and the characteristics of the colonizing strains is scarce. The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence of ESBL-E colonization in fecal samples of apparently healthy schoolchildren, to identify lifestyle routines associated with colonization, and to characterize clonal relationships and mechanisms of resistance in ESBL-E isolates. Methods A cohort of 887 healthy children (3-13 years old) from seven primary and secondary schools in the Madrid metropolitan area was recruited between April-June 2018, and sociodemographic information and daily habits were collected. Fecal samples were screened for ESBL-E carriage in selective medium. ESBL-E isolates were further characterized by assessing molecular epidemiology (PFGE and MLST), ESBL gene carriage, and antibiotic resistance profile. This information was analyzed in conjunction with the metadata of the participants in order to identify external factors associated with ESBL-E carriage. Results Twenty four ESBL-E, all but one Escherichia coli, were detected in 23 children (prevalence: 2.6%; 95% CI: 1.6-3.6%). Of these, seven contained the blaCTX-M-14 allele, five the blaCTX-M-15, five the blaSHV-12, three the blaCTX-M-27, three the blaCTX-M-32, and one the blaCTX-M-9. Significant clonal diversity was observed among the isolates that grouped into 22 distinct clusters (at <85% similarity of PFGE profile). ESBL-producing E. coli isolates belonged to 12 different STs, with ST10 (25%) and ST131 (17%) being the most frequent. Apart from ß-lactams, resistance to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (46%), ciprofloxacin (33%), levofloxacin (33%), tobramycin (21%), and gentamicin (8%) were the most frequently detected. Conclusion The prevalence of ESBL-E in the studied cohort of children was lower than the average colonization rate previously detected in Europe for both children and adults. E. coli was the main ESBL-producing species detected and CTX-M were the most frequently identified ESBLs. High ST diversity suggests polyclonal dissemination. Compared to other STs, ST131 isolates were associated with resistance to various antimicrobials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireia López-Siles
- Intrahospital Infections Unit, Reference and Research Laboratory in Resistance to Antibiotics and Infections Related to Healthcare, National Centre for Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Serra Húnter Fellow, Microbiology of Intestinal Diseases, Biology Department, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Zaira Moure
- Reference and Research Laboratory in Resistance to Antibiotics and Infections Related to Healthcare, National Centre for Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, (IDIVAL), Santander, Spain
| | - Aly Salimo Muadica
- Parasitology Reference and Research Laboratory, National Centre for Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Licungo, Quelimane, Mozambique
| | - Sergio Sánchez
- Reference and Research Laboratory of Food and Waterborne Bacterial Infections, National Center for Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Cruces
- Intrahospital Infections Unit, Reference and Research Laboratory in Resistance to Antibiotics and Infections Related to Healthcare, National Centre for Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alicia Ávila
- Reference and Research Laboratory in Resistance to Antibiotics and Infections Related to Healthcare, National Centre for Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Noelia Lara
- Reference and Research Laboratory in Resistance to Antibiotics and Infections Related to Healthcare, National Centre for Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pamela Carolina Köster
- Parasitology Reference and Research Laboratory, National Centre for Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Dashti
- Parasitology Reference and Research Laboratory, National Centre for Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Oteo-Iglesias
- Reference and Research Laboratory in Resistance to Antibiotics and Infections Related to Healthcare, National Centre for Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Spanish Network for Research in Infectious Diseases (REIPI RD16/0016), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Carmena
- Parasitology Reference and Research Laboratory, National Centre for Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Michael J. McConnell
- Intrahospital Infections Unit, Reference and Research Laboratory in Resistance to Antibiotics and Infections Related to Healthcare, National Centre for Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
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Tong YC, Li PC, Yang Y, Lin QY, Liu JT, Gao YN, Zhang YN, Jin S, Qing SZ, Xing FS, Fan YP, Liu YQ, Wang WL, Zhang WM, Ma WR. Detection of Antibiotic Resistance in Feline-Origin ESBL Escherichia coli from Different Areas of China and the Resistance Elimination of Garlic Oil to Cefquinome on ESBL E. coli. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119627. [PMID: 37298578 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of drug-resistance in the opportunistic pathogen Escherichia coli has become a global public health concern. Due to the share of similar flora between pets and their owners, the detection of pet-origin antibiotic-resistant E. coli is necessary. This study aimed to detect the prevalence of feline-origin ESBL E. coli in China and to explore the resistance elimination effect of garlic oil to cefquinome on ESBL E. coli. Cat fecal samples were collected from animal hospitals. The E. coli isolates were separated and purified by indicator media and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). ESBL genes were detected by PCR and Sanger sequencing. The MICs were determined. The synergistic effect of garlic oil and cefquinome against ESBL E. coli was investigated by checkerboard assays, time-kill and growth curves, drug-resistance curves, PI and NPN staining, and a scanning electronic microscope. A total of 80 E. coli strains were isolated from 101 fecal samples. The rate of ESBL E. coli was 52.5% (42/80). The prevailing ESBL genotypes in China were CTX-M-1, CTX-M-14, and TEM-116. In ESBL E. coli, garlic oil increased the susceptibility to cefquinome with FICIs from 0.2 to 0.7 and enhanced the killing effect of cefquinome with membrane destruction. Resistance to cefquinome decreased with treatment of garlic oil after 15 generations. Our study indicates that ESBL E. coli has been detected in cats kept as pets. The sensitivity of ESBL E. coli to cefquinome was enhanced by garlic oil, indicating that garlic oil may be a potential antibiotic enhancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Chao Tong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Peng-Cheng Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yang Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Qing-Yi Lin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Jin-Tong Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yi-Nuo Gao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yi-Ning Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Shuo Jin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Su-Zhu Qing
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Fu-Shan Xing
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yun-Peng Fan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Ying-Qiu Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Wei-Ling Wang
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Wei-Min Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Wu-Ren Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
- Xi'an Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Northwest A&F University, Xi'an 710065, China
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Dan B, Dai H, Zhou D, Tong H, Zhu M. Relationship Between Drug Resistance Characteristics and Biofilm Formation in Klebsiella Pneumoniae Strains. Infect Drug Resist 2023; 16:985-998. [PMID: 36824066 PMCID: PMC9942501 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s396609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To conduct epidemiological analysis of Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) with hypervirulence, and to investigate its drug resistance phenotype, Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBLs) gene, virulence factor, capsular serotype and biofilm formation, so as to provide theoretical basis for further understanding of the drug resistance mechanism of K. pneumoniae with hypervirulence. Methods K. Pneumoniae were isolated from clinical samples collected from inpatients. All strains were identified by VITEK2 Compact using fully automatic microbial analyzer, the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of antibiotics was determined by microbroth dilution test. The double disk diffusion method was used to detect the production of ESBLs, modified carbapenem inactivation method (mCIM) was used to detect the production of carbapenemase, and hypermucoviscosity phenotype was detected by wire drawing test. PCR was used to detect ESBLs gene, virulence factor and capsular serotype. Crystal violet staining was used to detect the ability of biofilm formation. Results The ESBLs genes detected in this study included strains blaTEM 35 (36.5%), blaSHV 51 (53.1%), and blaCTX-M 49 (51.0%). Most strains carried multiple ESBLs genes, but not all of them produce ESBLs. K1 and K2 accounted for 14.6% and 11.5% respectively. Most (91.7%) strains carried the fimH gene, and the other virulence genes were ybtS (53.1%), entB (46.9%), rmpA (41.7%), aerobactin (32.3%), allS (15.6%), kfu (15.6%). Of all the Klebsiella pneumoniae strains, 33 (34.4%) exhibited ESBLs phenotype, 16 (16.7%) were carbapenemase-producing, and 20 (20.8%) with ESBLs phenotype tested were resistant to all four drugs. The correlation between ESBLs-producing strains and biofilm formation was significantly increased compared to strains without ESBLs phenotype (P=0.035). Conclusion Compared to hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae (hvKP), classical Klebsiella pneumoniae (cKP) has a tendency to acquire antibiotic resistance. Our study showed that genes encoding rmpA, K1 or K2, and kfu were highly associated with hvKP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binzhi Dan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Affiliated Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Chaohu, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
| | - Heping Dai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Affiliated Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Chaohu, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dangui Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Affiliated Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Chaohu, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongfang Tong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Affiliated Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Chaohu, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mei Zhu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Affiliated Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Chaohu, Anhui, People’s Republic of China,Correspondence: Mei Zhu, Tel +86 551 8232 4254, Email
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Development of a Method for the Fast Detection of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase- and Plasmid-Mediated AmpC β-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae from Dogs and Cats in the USA. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13040649. [PMID: 36830436 PMCID: PMC9951654 DOI: 10.3390/ani13040649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance, such as resistance to beta-lactams and the development of resistance mechanisms, is associated with multifactorial phenomena and not only with the use of third-generation cephalosporins. Many methods have been recommended for the detection of ESBL and pAmpC β-lactamase production but they are very subjective and the appropriate facilities are not available in most laboratories, especially not in clinics. Therefore, for fast clinical antimicrobial selection, we need to rapidly detect ESBL- and pAmpC β-lactamase-producing bacteria using a simple method with samples containing large amounts of bacteria. For the detection of ESBL- and pAmpC phenotypes and genes, the disk diffusion test, DDST and multiplex PCR were conducted. Of the 109 samples, 99 (90.8%) samples were grown in MacConkey broth containing cephalothin, and 71 samples were grown on MacConkey agar containing ceftiofur. Of the 71 samples grown on MacConkey agar containing ceftiofur, 58 Escherichia coli and 19 Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates, in particular, harbored β-lactamase genes. Of the 38 samples that did not grow in MacConkey broth containing cephalothin or on MacConkey agar containing ceftiofur, 32 isolates were identified as E. coli, and 10 isolates were identified as K. pneumoniae; β-lactamase genes were not detected in these E. coli and K. pneumoniae isolates. Of the 78 ESBL- and pAmpC β-lactamase-producing E. coli and K. pneumoniae, 55 (70.5%) isolates carried one or more ESBL genes and 56 (71.8%) isolates carried one or more pAmpC β-lactamase genes. Our method is a fast, and low-cost tool for the screening of frequently encountered ESBL- and pAmpC β-lactamase-producing bacteria and it would assist in diagnosis and improve therapeutic treatment in animal hospitals.
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Wang A, Hu C. Antimicrobial Resistance Analysis of Escherichia coli Isolated from Pigeons in Qingdao, Shandong Province, China. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13091510. [PMID: 36140678 PMCID: PMC9498851 DOI: 10.3390/genes13091510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
With the development of the pigeon industry in Qingdao, more attention is paid to scientific breeding and precise treatment. This study isolated and identified Escherichia coli from pigeons in Qingdao to determine their susceptibility to 18 antibiotics. The PCR method was used to detect the prevalence of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase genes, carbapenem resistance genes, 16S rRNA methylase genes and plasmid-mediated colistin resistance genes in the isolates. The results showed that Escherichia coli isolated from pigeons in Qingdao were the most resistant to tetracycline, followed by ampicillin, conventional cyclosporines, quinolones, cephalosporins, and aminoglycosides. No isolates were found to be resistant to amikacin, meropenem, colistin, tigecycline, and fosfomycin. The resistance to some antibiotics (ampicillin, tetracycline, and florfenicol) and the muti-drug resistance of Escherichia coli from meat pigeons were both higher than those from homing and ornamental pigeons. A total of 24.8% of the isolates showed multi-drug resistance, especially triple-drug resistance. Two isolates were found to carry ESBLs resistance genes. Hopefully, this study will provide a certain scientific basis for the clinical medication of pigeon colibacillosis, helping to prevent antimicrobial resistance transmission of Escherichia coli among different host animals and humans and maintain public health safety in Qingdao.
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Osińska M, Nowakiewicz A, Zięba P, Gnat S, Łagowski D, Trościańczyk A. A rich mosaic of resistance in extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli isolated from red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in Poland as a potential effect of increasing synanthropization. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 818:151834. [PMID: 34808162 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In our research, we analyzed the resistance of cephalosporin-resistant E. coli strains to antimicrobial agents. The strains were collected during five years from wild animal species commonly inhabiting Poland. We have identified the type of β-lactamases produced and the multidrug-resistance profile. Most strains (73.8%) had genes encoding ESBL enzymes, mainly CTX-M-1 and TEM. Almost all AmpC-β-lactamase-producing isolates had the blaCMY-2 gene. Almost 70% of the strains tested showed a multi-drug resistance profile. The dominant phenotype was resistance to tetracycline (69.05%), and/or sulfamethoxazole (57.1%). We also found high resistance to quinolones: ciprofloxacin 35.7% and nalidixic acid 52.4%. The phenotypic resistance of the strains was in most cases confirmed by the presence of corresponding genes. Among strains, 26.2% were carriers of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes (PMQR). MLST analysis revealed a large clonal variation of the strains, which was reflected in 28 different sequence types. More than half of the strains (54.7%) were classified into the following sequence complexes: 10, 23, 69, 101, 155, 156, 168, 354, 398, 446, and 648. Only one strain in the studied group was assigned to the ExPEC pathotype and represented sequence type 117. The results of our research have confirmed that isolates obtained from wild animals possess many resistance determinants and sequence types, which are also found in food-producing animals and humans. This reflects the doctrine of "One health", which clearly indicates that human health is inextricably linked with animal health as well as degree of environmental contamination. We conclude that the resistance and virulence profiles of strains isolated from wildlife animals may be a resultant of various sources encountered by animals, creating a rich and varied mosaic of genes, which is very often unpredictable and not reflected in the correlation between the sequence type and the gene profile of resistance or virulence observed in epidemic clones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelina Osińska
- University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Preclinical Veterinary Sciences, Sub-Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Akademicka 12, 20-033 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Aneta Nowakiewicz
- University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Preclinical Veterinary Sciences, Sub-Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Akademicka 12, 20-033 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Przemysław Zięba
- State Veterinary Laboratory, Droga Męczenników Majdanka 50, 20-325 Lublin, Poland
| | - Sebastian Gnat
- University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Preclinical Veterinary Sciences, Sub-Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Akademicka 12, 20-033 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Dominik Łagowski
- University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Preclinical Veterinary Sciences, Sub-Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Akademicka 12, 20-033 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Aleksandra Trościańczyk
- University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Preclinical Veterinary Sciences, Sub-Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Akademicka 12, 20-033 Lublin, Poland.
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Martínez-Álvarez S, Sanz S, Olarte C, Hidalgo-Sanz R, Carvalho I, Fernández-Fernández R, Campaña-Burguet A, Latorre-Fernández J, Zarazaga M, Torres C. Antimicrobial Resistance in Escherichia coli from the Broiler Farm Environment, with Detection of SHV-12-Producing Isolates. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11040444. [PMID: 35453196 PMCID: PMC9024766 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11040444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is an important One Health challenge that encompasses the human, animal, and environmental fields. A total of 111 Escherichia coli isolates previously recovered from manure (n = 57) and indoor air (n = 54) samples from a broiler farm were analyzed to determine their phenotypes and genotypes of antimicrobial resistance and integron characterization; in addition, plasmid replicon analysis and molecular typing were performed in extended-spectrum-beta-lactamase (ESBL) producer isolates. A multidrug-resistance phenotype was detected in 46.8% of the isolates, and the highest rates of resistance were found for ampicillin, trimethoprim−sulfamethoxazole, and tetracycline (>40%); moreover, 15 isolates (13.5%) showed susceptibility to all tested antibiotics. None of the isolates showed imipenem and/or cefoxitin resistance. Twenty-three of the one hundred and eleven E. coli isolates (20.7%) were ESBL producers and carried the blaSHV-12 gene; one of these isolates was recovered from the air, and the remaining 22 were from manure samples. Most of ESBL-positive isolates carried the cmlA (n = 23), tet(A) (n = 19), and aac(6′)-Ib-cr (n = 11) genes. The following genetic lineages were identified among the ESBL-producing isolates (sequence type-phylogroup-clonotype): ST770-E-CH116−552 (n = 12), ST117-B2-CH45−97 (n = 4), ST68-E-CH26−382/49 (n = 3), ST68-E-CH26−49 (n = 1), and ST10992-A/B1-CH11−23/41/580 (n = 4); the latter two were detected for the first time in the poultry sector. At least two plasmid replicon types were detected in the ESBL-producing E. coli isolates, with IncF, IncF1B, IncK, and IncHI1 being the most frequently found. The following antimicrobial resistance genes were identified among the non-ESBL-producing isolates (number of isolates): blaTEM (58), aac(6′)-Ib-cr (6), qnrS (2), aac(3)-II (2), cmlA (6), tet(A)/tet(B) (22), and sul1/2/3 (51). Four different gene-cassette arrays were detected in the variable region of class 1 (dfrA1-aadA1, dfrA12-aadA2, and dfrA12-orf-aadA2-cmlA) and class 2 integrons (sat2-aadA1-orfX). This work reveals the worrying presence of antimicrobial-resistant E. coli in the broiler farm environment, with ESBL-producing isolates of SHV-12 type being extensively disseminated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Martínez-Álvarez
- Department of Agriculture and Food, University of La Rioja, 26006 Logroño, Spain; (S.M.-Á.); (S.S.); (C.O.); (R.H.-S.); (I.C.); (R.F.-F.); (A.C.-B.); (J.L.-F.); (M.Z.)
| | - Susana Sanz
- Department of Agriculture and Food, University of La Rioja, 26006 Logroño, Spain; (S.M.-Á.); (S.S.); (C.O.); (R.H.-S.); (I.C.); (R.F.-F.); (A.C.-B.); (J.L.-F.); (M.Z.)
| | - Carmen Olarte
- Department of Agriculture and Food, University of La Rioja, 26006 Logroño, Spain; (S.M.-Á.); (S.S.); (C.O.); (R.H.-S.); (I.C.); (R.F.-F.); (A.C.-B.); (J.L.-F.); (M.Z.)
| | - Raquel Hidalgo-Sanz
- Department of Agriculture and Food, University of La Rioja, 26006 Logroño, Spain; (S.M.-Á.); (S.S.); (C.O.); (R.H.-S.); (I.C.); (R.F.-F.); (A.C.-B.); (J.L.-F.); (M.Z.)
| | - Isabel Carvalho
- Department of Agriculture and Food, University of La Rioja, 26006 Logroño, Spain; (S.M.-Á.); (S.S.); (C.O.); (R.H.-S.); (I.C.); (R.F.-F.); (A.C.-B.); (J.L.-F.); (M.Z.)
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes-and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Rosa Fernández-Fernández
- Department of Agriculture and Food, University of La Rioja, 26006 Logroño, Spain; (S.M.-Á.); (S.S.); (C.O.); (R.H.-S.); (I.C.); (R.F.-F.); (A.C.-B.); (J.L.-F.); (M.Z.)
| | - Allelen Campaña-Burguet
- Department of Agriculture and Food, University of La Rioja, 26006 Logroño, Spain; (S.M.-Á.); (S.S.); (C.O.); (R.H.-S.); (I.C.); (R.F.-F.); (A.C.-B.); (J.L.-F.); (M.Z.)
| | - Javier Latorre-Fernández
- Department of Agriculture and Food, University of La Rioja, 26006 Logroño, Spain; (S.M.-Á.); (S.S.); (C.O.); (R.H.-S.); (I.C.); (R.F.-F.); (A.C.-B.); (J.L.-F.); (M.Z.)
| | - Myriam Zarazaga
- Department of Agriculture and Food, University of La Rioja, 26006 Logroño, Spain; (S.M.-Á.); (S.S.); (C.O.); (R.H.-S.); (I.C.); (R.F.-F.); (A.C.-B.); (J.L.-F.); (M.Z.)
| | - Carmen Torres
- Department of Agriculture and Food, University of La Rioja, 26006 Logroño, Spain; (S.M.-Á.); (S.S.); (C.O.); (R.H.-S.); (I.C.); (R.F.-F.); (A.C.-B.); (J.L.-F.); (M.Z.)
- Correspondence:
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10
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Molecular Characterization of Salmonella Detected along the Broiler Production Chain in Trinidad and Tobago. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10030570. [PMID: 35336145 PMCID: PMC8955423 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10030570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This cross-sectional study determined the serovars, antimicrobial resistance genes, and virulence factors of Salmonella isolated from hatcheries, broiler farms, processing plants, and retail outlets in Trinidad and Tobago. Salmonella in silico serotyping detected 23 different serovars where Kentucky 20.5% (30/146), Javiana 19.2% (28/146), Infantis 13.7% (20/146), and Albany 8.9% (13/146) were the predominant serovars. There was a 76.0% (111/146) agreement between serotyping results using traditional conventional methods and whole-genome sequencing (WGS) in in silico analysis. In silico identification of antimicrobial resistance genes conferring resistance to aminoglycosides, cephalosporins, peptides, sulfonamides, and antiseptics were detected. Multidrug resistance (MDR) was detected in 6.8% (10/146) of the isolates of which 100% originated from broiler farms. Overall, virulence factors associated with secretion systems and fimbrial adherence determinants accounted for 69.3% (3091/4463), and 29.2% (1302/4463) counts, respectively. Ten of 20 isolates of serovar Infantis (50.0%) showed MDR and contained the blaCTX-M-65 gene. This is the first molecular characterization of Salmonella isolates detected along the entire broiler production continuum in the Caribbean region using WGS. The availability of these genomes will help future source tracking during epidemiological investigations associated with Salmonella foodborne outbreaks in the region and worldwide.
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11
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Ibekwe A, Durso L, Ducey TF, Oladeinde A, Jackson CR, Frye JG, Dungan R, Moorman T, Brooks JP, Obayiuwana A, Karathia H, Fanelli B, Hasan N. Diversity of Plasmids and Genes Encoding Resistance to Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase in Escherichia coli from Different Animal Sources. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9051057. [PMID: 34068339 PMCID: PMC8153348 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9051057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance associated with the spread of plasmid-encoded extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) genes conferring resistance to third generation cephalosporins is increasing worldwide. However, data on the population of ESBL producing E. coli in different animal sources and their antimicrobial characteristics are limited. The purpose of this study was to investigate potential reservoirs of ESBL-encoded genes in E. coli isolated from swine, beef, dairy, and poultry collected from different regions of the United States using whole-genome sequencing (WGS). Three hundred isolates were typed into different phylogroups, characterized by BOX AIR-1 PCR and tested for resistance to antimicrobials. Of the 300 isolates, 59.7% were resistant to sulfisoxazole, 49.3% to tetracycline, 32.3% to cephalothin, 22.3% to ampicillin, 20% to streptomycin, 16% to ticarcillin; resistance to the remaining 12 antimicrobials was less than 10%. Phylogroups A and B1 were most prevalent with A (n = 92, 30%) and B1 (87 = 29%). A total of nine E. coli isolates were confirmed as ESBL producers by double-disk synergy testing and multidrug resistant (MDR) to at least three antimicrobial drug classes. Using WGS, significantly higher numbers of ESBL-E. coli were detected in swine and dairy manure than from any other animal sources, suggesting that these may be the primary animal sources for ESBL producing E. coli. These isolates carry plasmids, such as IncFIA(B), IncFII, IncX1, IncX4, IncQ1, CollRNAI, Col440I, and acquired ARGs aph(6)-Id, aph(3″)-Ib, aadA5, aph(3')-Ia, blaCTX-M-15, blaTEM-1B, mphA, ermB, catA1, sul1, sul2, tetB, dfrA17. One of the E. coli isolates from swine with ST 410 was resistant to nine antibiotics and carried more than 28 virulence factors, and this ST has been shown to belong to an international high-risk clone. Our data suggests that ESBL producing E. coli are widely distributed in different animal sources, but swine and dairy cattle may be their main reservoir.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abasiofiok Ibekwe
- US Salinity Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Riverside, CA 92507, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Lisa Durso
- Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA;
| | - Thomas F. Ducey
- Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Florence, SC 29501, USA;
| | - Adelumola Oladeinde
- Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Athens, GA 30605, USA; (A.O.); (C.R.J.); (J.G.F.)
| | - Charlene R. Jackson
- Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Athens, GA 30605, USA; (A.O.); (C.R.J.); (J.G.F.)
| | - Jonathan G. Frye
- Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Athens, GA 30605, USA; (A.O.); (C.R.J.); (J.G.F.)
| | - Robert Dungan
- Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Kimberly, ID 83341, USA;
| | - Tom Moorman
- Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA 50011, USA;
| | - John P. Brooks
- Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA;
| | - Amarachukwu Obayiuwana
- Department of Biological Sciences (Microbiology Option), Augustine University Ilara (AUI), Epe 106101, Lagos State, Nigeria;
| | - Hiren Karathia
- CosmosID Inc., Rockville, MD 20850, USA; (H.K.); (B.F.); (N.H.)
| | - Brian Fanelli
- CosmosID Inc., Rockville, MD 20850, USA; (H.K.); (B.F.); (N.H.)
| | - Nur Hasan
- CosmosID Inc., Rockville, MD 20850, USA; (H.K.); (B.F.); (N.H.)
- Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20878, USA
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12
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Zou M, Ma PP, Liu WS, Liang X, Li XY, Li YZ, Liu BT. Prevalence and Antibiotic Resistance Characteristics of Extraintestinal Pathogenic Escherichia coli among Healthy Chickens from Farms and Live Poultry Markets in China. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11041112. [PMID: 33924454 PMCID: PMC8070349 DOI: 10.3390/ani11041112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Chicken meat has been proved to be a suspected source of extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC), causing several diseases in humans, and bacteria in healthy chickens can contaminate chicken carcasses at the slaughter; however, reports about the prevalence and molecular characteristics of ExPEC in healthy chickens are still rare. In this study, among 926 E. coli isolates from healthy chickens in China, 22 (2.4%) were qualified as ExPEC and these ExPEC isolates were clonally unrelated. A total of six serogroups were identified in this study, with O78 being the most predominant type, and all the six serogroups had been frequently reported in human ExPEC isolates in many countries. All the 22 ExPEC isolates were multidrug-resistant and most isolates carried both blaCTX-M and fosA3 resistance genes. Notably, plasmid-borne colistin resistance gene mcr-1 was identified in six ExPEC isolates, among which two carried additional carbapenemase gene blaNDM, compromising both the efficacies of the two critically important drugs for humans, carbapenems and colistin. These results highlight that healthy chickens can serve as a potential reservoir for multidrug resistant ExPEC isolates, including mcr-1-containing ExPEC. Abstract Chicken products and chickens with colibacillosis are often reported to be a suspected source of extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) causing several diseases in humans. Such pathogens in healthy chickens can also contaminate chicken carcasses at the slaughter and then are transmitted to humans via food supply; however, reports about the ExPEC in healthy chickens are still rare. In this study, we determined the prevalence and characteristics of ExPEC isolates in healthy chickens in China. A total of 926 E. coli isolates from seven layer farms (371 isolates), one white-feather broiler farm (78 isolates) and 17 live poultry markets (477 isolates from yellow-feather broilers) in 10 cities in China, were isolated and analyzed for antibiotic resistance phenotypes and genotypes. The molecular detection of ExPEC among these healthy chicken E. coli isolates was performed by PCRs, and the serogroups and antibiotic resistance characteristics of ExPEC were also analyzed. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) were used to analyze the genetic relatedness of these ExPEC isolates. We found that the resistance rate for each of the 15 antimicrobials tested among E. coli from white-feather broilers was significantly higher than that from brown-egg layers and that from yellow-feather broilers in live poultry markets (p < 0.05). A total of 22 of the 926 E. coli isolates (2.4%) from healthy chickens were qualified as ExPEC, and the detection rate (7.7%, 6/78) of ExPEC among white-feather broilers was significantly higher than that (1.6%, 6/371) from brown-egg layers and that (2.1%, 10/477) from yellow-feather broilers (p < 0.05). PFGE and MLST analysis indicated that clonal dissemination of these ExPEC isolates was unlikely. Serogroup O78 was the most predominant type among the six serogroups identified in this study, and all the six serogroups had been frequently reported in human ExPEC isolates in many countries. All the 22 ExPEC isolates were multidrug-resistant (MDR) and the resistance rates to ampicillin (100%) and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (100%) were the highest, followed by tetracycline (95.5%) and doxycycline (90.9%). blaCTX-M was found in 15 of the 22 ExPEC isolates including 10 harboring additional fosfomycin resistance gene fosA3. Notably, plasmid-borne colistin resistance gene mcr-1 was identified in six ExPEC isolates in this study. Worryingly, two ExPEC isolates were found to carry both mcr-1 and blaNDM, compromising both the efficacies of carbapenems and colistin. The presence of ExPEC isolates in healthy chickens, especially those carrying mcr-1 and/or blaNDM, is alarming and will pose a threat to the health of consumers. To our knowledge, this is the first report of mcr-1-positive ExPEC isolates harboring blaNDM from healthy chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; (M.Z.); (P.-P.M.); (W.-S.L.); (X.L.)
| | - Ping-Ping Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; (M.Z.); (P.-P.M.); (W.-S.L.); (X.L.)
| | - Wen-Shuang Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; (M.Z.); (P.-P.M.); (W.-S.L.); (X.L.)
| | - Xiao Liang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; (M.Z.); (P.-P.M.); (W.-S.L.); (X.L.)
| | - Xu-Yong Li
- College of Agronomy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China;
| | - You-Zhi Li
- Shandong Veterinary Drug Quality Inspection Institute, Jinan 250022, China;
| | - Bao-Tao Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; (M.Z.); (P.-P.M.); (W.-S.L.); (X.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-532-58957734
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13
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Ejaz H, Younas S, Abosalif KOA, Junaid K, Alzahrani B, Alsrhani A, Abdalla AE, Ullah MI, Qamar MU, Hamam SSM. Molecular analysis of blaSHV, blaTEM, and blaCTX-M in extended-spectrum β-lactamase producing Enterobacteriaceae recovered from fecal specimens of animals. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0245126. [PMID: 33412564 PMCID: PMC7790543 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0245126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Colonization of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae as animal gut microbiota is a substantial global threat. This study aimed to determine the molecular characterization of blaSHV, blaTEM, and blaCTX-M variants in animals, as well as to evaluate the antimicrobial resistance conferred by these genes. We prospectively analyzed 1273 fecal specimens of farm and domestic animals for the isolation of enterobacteria that had the ESBL phenotype by using biochemical methods. The extracted genes were amplified by polymerase chain reaction and sequenced for the characterization of blaSHV, blaTEM, and blaCTX-M variants. The drug-resistance spectrum and hierarchical clusters were analyzed against 19 antibacterial agents. Out of 245 (19.2%) ESBL enterobacteria, 180 (75.5%) Escherichia coli and 34 (13.9%) Klebsiella pneumoniae were prevalent species. A total of 73.9% blaCTX-M, 26.1% blaTEM, and 14.2% blaSHV were found among the enterobacteria; however, their association with farm or domestic animals was not statistically significant. The distribution of bla gene variants showed the highest number of blaCTX-M-1 (133; 54.3%), followed by blaCTX-M-15 (28; 11.4%), blaTEM-52 (40; 16.3%), and blaSHV-12 (22; 9%). In addition, 84.5% of the enterobacteria had the integrons intI1. We observed ±100% enterobacteria resistant to cephalosporin, 7 (2.9%) to colistin (minimum inhibitory concentration breakpoint ≥4 μg/mL), 9 (3.7%) to piperacillin-tazobactam, 11 (4.5%) to imipenem, 14 (5.7%) to meropenem, and 18 (7.3%) to cefoperazone-sulbactam, without statistically significant association. Animal gut microbiota contain a considerable number of blaCTX-M, blaTEM, blaSHV, and integrons, which are a potential source of acquired extensive drug resistance in human strains and leaves fewer therapeutic substitutes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Ejaz
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Al Jouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sonia Younas
- Department of Pathology, Tehsil Headquarter Hospital Kamoke, District Gujranwala, Pakistan
| | - Khalid O. A. Abosalif
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Al Jouf, Saudi Arabia
- Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Omdurman Islamic University, Omdurman, Sudan
| | - Kashaf Junaid
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Al Jouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Badr Alzahrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Al Jouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Alsrhani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Al Jouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abualgasim Elgaili Abdalla
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Al Jouf, Saudi Arabia
- Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Omdurman Islamic University, Omdurman, Sudan
| | - Muhammad Ikram Ullah
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Al Jouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Usman Qamar
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Sanaa S. M. Hamam
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
- Department of Microbiology, King Abdulaziz Specialist Hospital, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
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14
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Estaleva CEL, Zimba TF, Sekyere JO, Govinden U, Chenia HY, Simonsen GS, Haldorsen B, Essack SY, Sundsfjord A. High prevalence of multidrug resistant ESBL- and plasmid mediated AmpC-producing clinical isolates of Escherichia coli at Maputo Central Hospital, Mozambique. BMC Infect Dis 2021; 21:16. [PMID: 33407206 PMCID: PMC7789290 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-020-05696-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Epidemiological data of cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacterales in Sub-Saharan Africa is still restricted, and in particular in Mozambique. The aim of this study was to detect and characterize extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) - and plasmid-mediated AmpC (pAmpC)-producing clinical strains of Escherichia coli at Maputo Central Hospital (MCH), a 1000-bed reference hospital in Maputo, Mozambique. Methods A total of 230 clinical isolates of E. coli from urine (n = 199) and blood cultures (n = 31) were collected at MCH during August–November 2015. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by the disc diffusion method and interpreted according to EUCAST guidelines. Isolates with reduced susceptibility to 3rd generation cephalosporins were examined further; phenotypically for an ESBL−/AmpC-phenotype by combined disc methods and genetically for ESBL- and pAmpC-encoding genes by PCR and partial amplicon sequencing as well as genetic relatedness by ERIC-PCR. Results A total of 75 isolates with reduced susceptibility to cefotaxime and/or ceftazidime (n = 75) from urine (n = 58/199; 29%) and blood (n = 17/31; 55%) were detected. All 75 isolates were phenotypically ESBL-positive and 25/75 (33%) of those also expressed an AmpC-phenotype. ESBL-PCR and amplicon sequencing revealed a majority of blaCTX-M (n = 58/75; 77%) dominated by blaCTX-M-15. All AmpC-phenotype positive isolates (n = 25/75; 33%) scored positive for one or more pAmpC-genes dominated by blaMOX/FOX. Multidrug resistance (resistance ≥ three antibiotic classes) was observed in all the 75 ESBL-positive isolates dominated by resistance to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, ciprofloxacin and gentamicin. ERIC-PCR revealed genetic diversity among strains with minor clusters indicating intra-hospital spread. Conclusion We have observed a high prevalence of MDR pAmpC- and/or ESBL-producing clinical E. coli isolates with FOX/MOX and CTX-Ms as the major β-lactamase types, respectively. ERIC-PCR analyses revealed genetic diversity and some clusters indicating within-hospital spread. The overall findings strongly support the urgent need for accurate and rapid diagnostic services to guide antibiotic treatment and improved infection control measures. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12879-020-05696-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calvina E L Estaleva
- Microbiology Laboratory, Maputo Central Hospital, Maputo, Mozambique.,High Institute of Health Sciences (ISCISA), Maputo, Mozambique.,Antimicrobial Research Unit, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Tomas F Zimba
- Microbiology Laboratory, Maputo Central Hospital, Maputo, Mozambique.,High Institute of Health Sciences (ISCISA), Maputo, Mozambique
| | - John Osei Sekyere
- Antimicrobial Research Unit, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Usha Govinden
- Antimicrobial Research Unit, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Hafizah Y Chenia
- Discipline of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Gunnar S Simonsen
- Antimicrobial Research Unit, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.,Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Detection of Antimicrobial Resistance, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,Research Group for Host-Microbe Interaction, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT Arctic University of Norway, NO-9037, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Bjørg Haldorsen
- Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Detection of Antimicrobial Resistance, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Sabiha Y Essack
- Antimicrobial Research Unit, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Arnfinn Sundsfjord
- Antimicrobial Research Unit, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa. .,Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Detection of Antimicrobial Resistance, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway. .,Research Group for Host-Microbe Interaction, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT Arctic University of Norway, NO-9037, Tromsø, Norway.
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15
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The Effect of Antimicrobial Resistance Plasmids Carrying blaCMY-2 on Biofilm Formation by Escherichia coli from the Broiler Production Chain. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9010104. [PMID: 33466318 PMCID: PMC7824781 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9010104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant Escherichia coli (ESCR E. coli) with plasmids carrying the blaCMY-2 resistance gene have been isolated from the Norwegian broiler production chain through the Norwegian monitoring program for antimicrobial resistance in animals, food and feed, NORM-VET. The aim of the present study was to investigate the biofilm forming abilities of these strains, and in particular to see whether these might be influenced by the carriage of blaCMY-2 plasmids. The ESCR E. coli from the broiler production chain displayed relatively low biofilm forming abilities in the crystal violet biofilm assay as compared to quinolone-resistant E. coli (QREC) from the same population (mean ± SD = 0.686 ± 0.686 vs. 1.439 ± 0.933, respectively). Acquisition of two different blaCMY-2 plasmids by QREC strains reduced their biofilm production in microtiter plates, but not their biofilm production on Congo Red agar plates. Furthermore, motility was reduced, but not planktonic growth. We hypothesize that genes carried by these plasmids may have caused the observed reduction in biofilm formation, possibly mediated through changes in flagellar expression or function. Furthermore, this may help explain the different biofilm forming abilities observed between ESCR E. coli and QREC. The results also indicate that the risk of biofilm reservoirs of antimicrobial resistant E. coli on in the broiler production is lower for ESCR E. coli than for QREC.
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Antimicrobial resistance in fecal Escherichia coli isolated from poultry chicks in northern Iran. GENE REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2020.100926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Kongsanan P, Angkititrakul S, Kiddee A, Tribuddharat C. Spread of Antimicrobial-Resistant Salmonella from Poultry to Humans in Thailand. Jpn J Infect Dis 2020; 74:220-227. [PMID: 33250489 DOI: 10.7883/yoken.jjid.2020.548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Food animal production is important for every country. Several antibiotic agents are used in poultry farming to reduce the economic losses arising from mostly untested infectious diseases. This continued study was performed to determine the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant Salmonella in broiler chickens, poultry farmers, and Salmonella bacteremia patients. A total of 121 Salmonella isolates were collected from the Thai provinces of Khon Kaen (65 isolates), Ratchaburi (43 isolates), and Phayao (13 isolates). Salmonella from chicken showed a high rate of resistance to nalidixic acid and tetracycline. Sixty-four percent of Salmonella isolates carried class 1 integrons (intI1 gene-positive). Among the 121 Salmonella isolates, there were 15 serotypes, with S. Enteritidis being the most common. A clonal relationship between the chicken and human isolates was demonstrated by 3 molecular typing methods: enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus polymerase chain reaction; pulsed-field gel electrophoresis; and high-throughput multilocus sequence typing. A spread of the sequence type 11 clone was found between chickens and humans. This study revealed a large-scale Salmonella outbreak in Thailand, a link between resistant bacteria from poultry farms and vertical transmission through the food chain, and horizontal transmission of resistance genes. These results can be used for future surveillance and monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweena Kongsanan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Thailand.,Medical Technology and Reference Laboratory for Infectious Diseases, Bamrasnaradura Infectious Diseases Institute, Ministry of Public Health, Thailand
| | - Sunpetch Angkititrakul
- Research Group for Animal Health Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Thailand
| | - Anong Kiddee
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Phayao, Thailand
| | - Chanwit Tribuddharat
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Thailand
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Song HJ, Moon DC, Mechesso AF, Kang HY, Kim MH, Choi JH, Kim SJ, Yoon SS, Lim SK. Resistance Profiling and Molecular Characterization of Extended-Spectrum/Plasmid-Mediated AmpC β-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli Isolated from Healthy Broiler Chickens in South Korea. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E1434. [PMID: 32962074 PMCID: PMC7564670 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8091434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to identify and characterize extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-and/or plasmid-mediated AmpC β-lactamase (pAmpC)-producing Escherichia coli isolated from healthy broiler chickens slaughtered for human consumption in Korea. A total of 332 E. coli isolates were identified from 339 cloacal swabs in 2019. More than 90% of the isolates were resistant to multiple antimicrobials. ESBL/pAmpC-production was noted in 14% (46/332) of the isolates. Six of the CTX-M-β-lactamase-producing isolates were found to co-harbor at least one plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance gene. We observed the co-existence of blaCMY-2 and mcr-1 genes in the same isolate for the first time in Korea. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that the majority of blaCMY-2-carrying isolates belonged to subgroup D. Conjugation confirmed the transferability of blaCTX-M and blaCMY-2 genes, as well as non-β-lactam resistance traits from 60.9% (28/46) of the ESBL/pAmpC-producing isolates to a recipient E. coli J53. The ISECP, IS903, and orf477 elements were detected in the upstream or downstream regions. The blaCTX-M and blaCMY-2 genes mainly belonged to the IncI1, IncHI2, and/or IncFII plasmids. Additionally, the majority of ESBL/pAmpC-producing isolates exhibited heterogeneous PFGE profiles. This study showed that healthy chickens act as reservoirs of ESBL/pAmpC-producing E. coli that can potentially be transmitted to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Suk-Kyung Lim
- Bacterial Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39660, Korea; (H.-J.S.); (D.C.M.); (A.F.M.); (H.Y.K.); (M.H.K.); (J.-H.C.); (S.-J.K.); (S.-S.Y.)
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Mo SS, Telke AA, Osei KO, Sekse C, Slettemeås JS, Urdahl AM, Ilag HK, Leangapichart T, Sunde M. bla CTX-M- 1/IncI1-Iγ Plasmids Circulating in Escherichia coli From Norwegian Broiler Production Are Related, but Distinguishable. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:333. [PMID: 32194533 PMCID: PMC7066084 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli carrying blaCTX–M–1 mediating resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins was recently described as a new genotype in Norwegian broiler production. The aim of this study was to characterize these isolates (n = 31) in order to determine whether the emergence of the genotype was caused by clonal expansion or horizontal dissemination of blaCTX–M–1-carrying plasmids. All included isolates were subjected to whole genome sequencing. Plasmid transferability was determined by conjugation, and plasmid replicons in the transconjugants were described using PCR-based replicon typing. Plasmid sizes were determined using S1 nuclease digestion. Plasmids in a subset of strains were reconstructed and compared to plasmids from broiler production in other European countries. The isolates belonged to nine different sequence types (STs), with the largest group being ST57 (n = 12). The vast majority of blaCTX–M–1-carrying plasmids were conjugative. All transconjugants were positive for the IncI1-Iγ replicon, and several also harbored the IncFIB replicon. Highly similar plasmids were present in different E. coli STs. Additionally, high similarity to previously published plasmids was detected. A reconstructed plasmid from an ST57 isolate harbored both IncI1-Iγ and IncFIB replicons and was considered to be co-integrated. The presence of one large plasmid was confirmed by S1 nuclease digestion. Our results show that dissemination of blaCTX–M–1 in Norwegian broiler production is due to both clonal expansion and horizontal transfer of plasmids carrying blaCTX–M–1. The blaCTX–M–1/IncI1-Iγ plasmids grouped into two main lineages, namely clonal complex (CC)-3 and CC-7. The genetic diversity at both strain and plasmid level indicates multiple introductions to Norway. We also show that the blaCTX–M–1 plasmids circulating in Norwegian broiler production are highly similar to plasmids previously described in other countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solveig Sølverød Mo
- Section for Food Safety and Animal Health Research, Department of Animal Helath, Welfare and Food Safety, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Oslo, Norway
| | - Amar Anandrao Telke
- Section for Food Safety and Animal Health Research, Department of Animal Helath, Welfare and Food Safety, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kingsley Oteng Osei
- Section for Food Safety and Animal Health Research, Department of Animal Helath, Welfare and Food Safety, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Oslo, Norway.,Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Camilla Sekse
- Section for Food Safety and Animal Health Research, Department of Animal Helath, Welfare and Food Safety, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jannice Schau Slettemeås
- Section for Food Safety and Animal Health Research, Department of Animal Helath, Welfare and Food Safety, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne Margrete Urdahl
- Section for Food Safety and Animal Health Research, Department of Animal Helath, Welfare and Food Safety, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hanna Karin Ilag
- Section for Microbiology, Department of Analysis and Diagnostics, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Oslo, Norway
| | - Thongpan Leangapichart
- Section for Food Safety and Animal Health Research, Department of Animal Helath, Welfare and Food Safety, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marianne Sunde
- Section for Food Safety and Animal Health Research, Department of Animal Helath, Welfare and Food Safety, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Oslo, Norway
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Alegría Á, Arias-Temprano M, Fernández-Natal I, Rodríguez-Calleja JM, García-López ML, Santos JA. Molecular Diversity of ESBL-Producing Escherichia coli from Foods of Animal Origin and Human Patients. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E1312. [PMID: 32085569 PMCID: PMC7068493 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17041312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Dissemination of enterobacteria that produce extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) throughout the food chain has become an important health concern. This work aimed to evaluate the occurrence of ESBL-producing bacteria in foods of animal origin and to investigate the similarities between food and human isolates. The presence of beta-lactam-resistant Enterobacteriaceae was analyzed in 108 food samples, isolating 10 strains of Escherichia coli, one strain of Citrobacter freundi, and one of Hafnia alvei. E. coli isolates were compared to a group of 15 strains isolated from human patients by antibiotic susceptibility testing, characterization of ESBL genes (blaTEM, blaCTX,), multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and pulse-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Nineteen (14 clinical and five food) isolates carried blaCTX, 14 (six clinical and eight food) carried blaTEM, and three (one clinical and two food) carried blaSHV gen. MLST analysis revealed the prevalence of ST131 among the clinical strains, which grouped together in a PFGE cluster. Food isolates showed higher diversity and two of them (ST57) grouped with clinical strains, whereas another two belonged to clonal groups with virulence potential (ST59). In conclusion, the results showed that foods of animal origin must be regarded as a reservoir of ESBL-producing bacteria of clinical relevance, which might spread through the food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángel Alegría
- Department of Food Hygiene and Food Technology, Veterinary Faculty, Universidad de León, ES24071 León, Spain; (Á.A.); (J.M.R.-C.); (M.-L.G.-L.)
| | - Marta Arias-Temprano
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de León (CAULE), ES24071 León, Spain; (M.A.-T.); (I.F.-N.)
| | - Isabel Fernández-Natal
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de León (CAULE), ES24071 León, Spain; (M.A.-T.); (I.F.-N.)
| | - Jose M. Rodríguez-Calleja
- Department of Food Hygiene and Food Technology, Veterinary Faculty, Universidad de León, ES24071 León, Spain; (Á.A.); (J.M.R.-C.); (M.-L.G.-L.)
| | - María-Luisa García-López
- Department of Food Hygiene and Food Technology, Veterinary Faculty, Universidad de León, ES24071 León, Spain; (Á.A.); (J.M.R.-C.); (M.-L.G.-L.)
| | - Jesús A. Santos
- Department of Food Hygiene and Food Technology, Veterinary Faculty, Universidad de León, ES24071 León, Spain; (Á.A.); (J.M.R.-C.); (M.-L.G.-L.)
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High prevalence of mcr-1 encoding colistin resistance and first identification of bla CTX-M-55 in ESBL/CMY-2-producing Escherichia coli isolated from chicken faeces and retail meat in Tunisia. Int J Food Microbiol 2019; 318:108478. [PMID: 31855787 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2019.108478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Avian industries have been reported as an important contributor in the worldwide spread of antibiotic resistance owing to some particular practices especially the overuse of antibiotics. Thus in this study, we aimed to characterize extended-spectrum-beta-lactamase (ESBL) and acquired-AmpC-beta-lactamase (aAmpC)-producing Escherichia coli isolates from chicken faeces and raw meat in Tunisia. During the year 2018, 286 faecal chicken swabs and 47 raw chicken meat samples were collected and processed to recover cefotaxime-resistant E. coli. Antimicrobial susceptibility was performed by disk-diffusion and/or broth-microdilution. blaTEM, blaSHV, blaCTX-M, and blaCMY genes were investigated by PCR/sequencing. Genes encoding resistance to colistin (mcr-1 to mcr-8), tetracycline (tetA/tetB), sulfonamide (sul1/sul3), and chloramphenicol (cmlA), were analysed by PCR. Class 1 integrons were investigated by PCR/sequencing. Phylogenetic groups of all isolates were determined. PFGE and MLST were performed for representative isolates. PCR-based replicon typing was performed in mcr1-harbouring isolates. Cefotaxime-resistant E. coli was detected in 22.4% (64/286) and 63.8% (30/47) of faeces and meat samples, respectively. Ninety isolates were ESBL-producers and harboured the genes: blaCTX-M-1 +/- blaTEM-1 (n = 65), blaCTX-M-55 +/- blaTEM-1 (n = 21), blaCTX-M-14 (n = 1), and blaSHV-12 (n = 3). The blaCMY-2 gene was detected in four ESBL-negative isolates. Isolates belonged to phylogroups D (50%), A (36.2%), B1 (9.6%), and B2 (4.3%). Fifty-four were colistin-resistant and 52 carried the mcr-1 gene. The tetA, sul1/sul3 and cmlA genes were detected among resistant isolates and 76 harboured class 1 integrons. MLST analysis revealed 13 sequence types (STs). The isolates were classified into 28 PFGE types. The IncP, IncFIB, and IncI1 replicons were detected among mcr-1-positive strains. We report a high frequency of ESBL-producers and colistin-resistant E. coli in chicken and derived food and the detection for the first time of blaCTX-M-55 in poultry in Tunisia.
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Mo SS, Urdahl AM, Nesse LL, Slettemeås JS, Ramstad SN, Torp M, Norström M. Occurrence of and risk factors for extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae determined by sampling of all Norwegian broiler flocks during a six month period. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0223074. [PMID: 31557254 PMCID: PMC6762140 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
All broiler flocks reared and slaughtered in Norway from May-October 2016 (n = 2110) were screened for the presence of extended-spectrum cephalosporin (ESC) -resistant Enterobacteriaceae. Furthermore, we investigated possible risk factors for occurrence of such bacteria in broiler flocks. The odds of a flock being positive for ESC-resistant Enterobacteriaceae increased if the previous flock in the same house was positive, and if the flock was reared during September-October. However, we cannot exclude seasonal fluctuations in occurrence of ESC-resistant Enterobacteriaceae during the months November to April. The overall occurrence of ESC-resistant Enterobacteriaceae was 10.4%, and primarily linked to the presence of blaCMY (82.6%) in positive isolates. We describe the first findings of Escherichia coli with blaCTX-M-1, Klebsiella pneumoniae with both blaCTX-M-15 and blaSHV-12, and K. pneumoniae with blaCMY isolated from Norwegian broiler production. This study gives us a unique overview and estimate of the true occurrence of ESC-resistant Enterobacteriaceae in Norwegian broilers over a six-month period. To the best of our knowledge, this is the most comprehensive study performed on the occurrence of ESC-resistant Enterobacteriaceae in a broiler population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solveig Sølverød Mo
- Department of Animal Health, Welfare and Food Safety, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Oslo, Norway
- * E-mail:
| | - Anne Margrete Urdahl
- Department of Animal Health, Welfare and Food Safety, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Oslo, Norway
| | - Live Lingaas Nesse
- Department of Animal Health, Welfare and Food Safety, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jannice Schau Slettemeås
- Department of Animal Health, Welfare and Food Safety, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Oslo, Norway
| | - Silje Nøstvedt Ramstad
- Department of Animal Health, Welfare and Food Safety, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mona Torp
- Department of Animal Health, Welfare and Food Safety, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Oslo, Norway
| | - Madelaine Norström
- Department of Analysis and Diagnostics, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Oslo, Norway
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Vounba P, Arsenault J, Bada-Alambédji R, Fairbrother JM. Antimicrobial Resistance and Potential Pathogenicity of Escherichia coli Isolates from Healthy Broilers in Québec, Canada. Microb Drug Resist 2019; 25:1111-1121. [PMID: 31038391 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2018.0403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global health issue, particularly when it affects critically important antimicrobials such as third-generation cephalosporins (3GC). The objective of this study was to characterize Escherichia coli isolates from healthy chickens in Québec in farms where ceftiofur has been administered to chickens in ovo over a long period with regard to their AMR, multidrug resistance (MDR), potential virulence, clonality, and possession of plasmids of the incompatibility groups carrying extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs)/AmpC genes. More than 62% of indicator isolates were MDR with resistance observed for each of the nine classes of antimicrobials tested by disk diffusion. 3GC resistance was encoded by the blaCMY-2 gene (26.7% in indicator isolates), whereas blaCTX-M was only detected in isolates selected after supplementation with ceftriaxone (3 blaCTX-M-1 isolates). Examination of blaCMY-2-positive isolates by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis showed clustering of isolates originating from different floors of the livestock building within farms. The blaCMY-2 gene was carried on replicon plasmids FIB, I1, K/B, and B/O, whereas blaCTX-M-1 gene was located on I1 as demonstrated by transformation experiments; some of these plasmids cotransferred nonsusceptibility against tetracycline or sulfonamides. In addition, six isolates, of which three were AmpC-producers, were defined as potential human extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli. In summary, this study showed that ESBLs/AmpC-producing E. coli isolates from apparently healthy chickens in Québec, Canada predominantly possess blaCMY-2 rather than blaCTX-M maybe because of the in ovo use of ceftiofur to prevent omphalitis and may be spread through clones or plasmids, and that some of these isolates could be capable of infecting humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Passoret Vounba
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, The Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Centre (CRIPA) and the Research Group on Zoonoses and Public Health (GREZOSP), Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
| | - Julie Arsenault
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, The Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Centre (CRIPA) and the Research Group on Zoonoses and Public Health (GREZOSP), Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
| | - Rianatou Bada-Alambédji
- Ecole Inter-Etats des Sciences et Médecine Vétérinaires (EISMV) de Dakar-Sénégal, Dakar, Senegal
| | - John Morris Fairbrother
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, The Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Centre (CRIPA) and the Research Group on Zoonoses and Public Health (GREZOSP), Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
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Vounba P, Arsenault J, Bada-Alambédji R, Fairbrother JM. Pathogenic potential and the role of clones and plasmids in beta-lactamase-producing E. coli from chicken faeces in Vietnam. BMC Vet Res 2019; 15:106. [PMID: 30947723 PMCID: PMC6449924 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-019-1849-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in food-producing animals is a global public health issue. This study investigated AMR and virulence profiles of E. coli isolated from healthy chickens in Vietnam. E. coli were isolated from fecal samples collected in five chicken farms located in the provinces of Hoa Binh, Thai Nguyen and Bac Giang in the North of Vietnam. These isolates were examined by disk diffusion for their AMR, PCR for virulence and AMR genes, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis for relatedness between blaCMY-2/blaCTX-M-positive isolates, electroporation for transferability of blaCMY-2 or blaCTX-M genes and sequencing for mutations responsible for ciprofloxacin resistance. RESULTS Up to 99% of indicator isolates were multidrug resistant. Resistance to third-generation cephalosporins (3GC) was encoded by both blaCTX-M and blaCMY-2 genes; blaCTX-M genes being of genotypes blaCTX-M-1, - 14, - 15, - 17, - 57 and - 87, whereas ciprofloxacin resistance was due to mutations in the gyrA and parC genes. Some isolates originating from farms located in different provinces of Vietnam were found to be closely related, suggesting they may have been disseminated from a same source of contamination. Plasmids may also have played a role in the diffusion of 3GC-resistance as the blaCMY-2 gene was located on plasmids A/C and I1, and the blaCTX-M gene variants were carried by I1, FIB, R and HI1. Plasmids carrying the blaCMY-2/blaCTX-M genes also co-transferred resistance to other antimicrobials. In addition, isolates potentially capable of infecting humans, of which some produced blaCMY-2/blaCTX-M, were identified in this study. CONCLUSIONS Both clones and plasmids could be involved in the dissemination of 3GC-resistant E. coli within and between chicken farms in Vietnam. These results demonstrate the necessity to monitor AMR and control antimicrobial use in poultry in Vietnam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Passoret Vounba
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, the Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Centre (CRIPA) and the Research Group on Zoonoses and Public Health (GREZOSP), St-Hyacinthe, Quebec Canada
| | - Julie Arsenault
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, the Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Centre (CRIPA) and the Research Group on Zoonoses and Public Health (GREZOSP), St-Hyacinthe, Quebec Canada
| | - Rianatou Bada-Alambédji
- Department of Public Health and Environment, Ecole Inter-Etats des Sciences et Médecine Vétérinaires (EISMV), de Dakar, Senegal
| | - John Morris Fairbrother
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, the Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Centre (CRIPA) and the Research Group on Zoonoses and Public Health (GREZOSP), St-Hyacinthe, Quebec Canada
- OIE Reference Laboratory for Escherichia coli (EcL), Université de Montréal, 3200 Sicotte, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2 Canada
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Hurst JJ, Oliver JP, Schueler J, Gooch C, Lansing S, Crossette E, Wigginton K, Raskin L, Aga DS, Sassoubre LM. Trends in Antimicrobial Resistance Genes in Manure Blend Pits and Long-Term Storage Across Dairy Farms with Comparisons to Antimicrobial Usage and Residual Concentrations. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:2405-2415. [PMID: 30707579 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b05702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The use of antimicrobials by the livestock industry can lead to the release of unmetabolized antimicrobials and antimicrobial resistance genes (ARG) into the environment. However, the relationship between antimicrobial use, residual antimicrobials, and ARG prevalence within manure is not well understood, specifically across temporal and location-based scales. The current study determined ARG abundance in untreated manure blend pits and long-term storage systems from 11 conventional and one antimicrobial-free dairy farms in the Northeastern U.S. at six times over one-year. Thirteen ARGs corresponding to resistance mechanisms for tetracyclines, macrolides-lincosamides, sulfonamides, aminoglycosides, and β-lactams were quantified using a Custom qPCR Array or targeted qPCR. ARG abundance differed between locations, suggesting farm specific microbial resistomes. ARG abundance also varied temporally. Manure collected during the winter contained lower ARG abundances. Overall, normalized ARG concentrations did not correlate to average antimicrobial usage or tetracycline concentrations across farms and collection dates. Of the 13 ARGs analyzed, only four genes showed a higher abundance in samples from conventional farms and eight ARGs exhibited similar normalized concentrations in the conventional and antimicrobial-free farm samples. No clear trends were observed in ARG abundance between dairy manure obtained from blend pits and long-term storage collected during two drawdown periods (fall and spring), although higher ARG abundances were generally observed in spring compared to fall. This comprehensive study informs future studies needed to determine the contributions of ARGs from dairy manure to the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerod J Hurst
- Department of Chemistry , University at Buffalo, The State University of New York (SUNY) , Buffalo , New York 14260 , United States
| | - Jason P Oliver
- Department of Animal Sciences , Cornell University , Ithaca , New York 14850 , United States
| | - Jenna Schueler
- Department of Environmental Science & Technology , University of Maryland , College Park , Maryland 20742 , United States
| | - Curt Gooch
- Department of Animal Sciences , Cornell University , Ithaca , New York 14850 , United States
| | - Stephanie Lansing
- Department of Environmental Science & Technology , University of Maryland , College Park , Maryland 20742 , United States
| | - Emily Crossette
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109 , United States
| | - Krista Wigginton
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109 , United States
| | - Lutgarde Raskin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109 , United States
| | - Diana S Aga
- Department of Chemistry , University at Buffalo, The State University of New York (SUNY) , Buffalo , New York 14260 , United States
| | - Lauren M Sassoubre
- Department of Civil, Structural, and Environmental Engineering , University at Buffalo, The State University of New York (SUNY) , Buffalo , New York 14260 , United States
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Rojs OZ, Zdovc I, Dovč A, Žgajnar J, Slavec B, Krapež U, Ambrožič JA. Presence and distribution of extended-spectrum and AmpC beta-lactamases-producing Escherichia coli on poultry farms in Slovenia. J APPL POULTRY RES 2019. [DOI: 10.3382/japr/pfy021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Seo KW, Lee YJ. Detection of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes in β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coliisolates from layer hens. Poult Sci 2019; 98:1480-1487. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Liu BT, Song FJ, Zou M. Characterization of Highly Prevalent Plasmids Coharboringmcr-1,oqxAB, andblaCTX-Mand Plasmids HarboringoqxABandblaCTX-MinEscherichia coliIsolates from Food-Producing Animals in China. Microb Drug Resist 2019; 25:108-119. [DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2017.0391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bao-Tao Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Veterinary Medicine and Diagnostic Reagents of Shandong Province, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Feng-Jing Song
- Qingdao Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Ming Zou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
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Elmowalid GA, Ahmad AAM, Hassan MN, Abd El-Aziz NK, Abdelwahab AM, Elwan SI. Molecular Detection of New SHV β-lactamase Variants in Clinical Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolates from Egypt. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2018; 60:35-41. [PMID: 30396428 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2018.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 09/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens was reported worldwide. Herein, SHV extended-spectrum β-lactamase (SHV-ESBL) variants detection was investigated in MDR E. coli and K. pneumoniae isolates recovered from human subjects (n = 144), one day-old chicks (n = 36) and broiler clinical samples (n = 90). All examined samples were positive for E. coli (n = 246/270; 91.11%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 24/270; 8.89%). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed on E. coli and K. pneumoniae. SHV-ESBL producing isolates were defined followed by SHV-ESBL amino acids sequence and proteins structure-function analyses. Phylogenetic analysis of 11 MDR isolates resistant to at least 6 β-lactams was designed to determine their genetic relationship with those previously identified in Egypt. SHV-ESBL variants were detected in 28% and 16% of E. coli and K. pneumoniae isolates, respectively. Among the 11 SHV-ESBL producing isolates, one isolate displayed 100% blaSHV-12 similarity with three point mutations, while the other 10 isolates displayed amino acid substitutions at previously non-reported sites. Amino acid sequence analyses of these 10 isolates displayed 96-100% identity to blaSHV-10 (2 isolates with 3-6 point mutations), blaSHV-18 (one isolate with 4 point mutations), blaSHV-58 (4 isolates with 4-5 point mutations), and blaSHV-91 (3 isolates with 3-7 point mutations). These mutations altered SHV-enzyme pocket dimensions and its binding sites chargeability. The blaSHV phylogeny analysis revealed occurrence of variants in closely related lineages with blaSHV-5 and blaSHV-12 with possibility of blaSHV gene transfer between human and birds. The occurrence of these variants in Egypt could help in epidemiological studies and could explain the emergent resistance to β-lactams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gamal A Elmowalid
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Ash Sharkia, Egypt.
| | - Adel Attia M Ahmad
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Ash Sharkia, Egypt
| | - Muhammad N Hassan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Ash Sharkia, Egypt
| | - Norhan K Abd El-Aziz
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Ash Sharkia, Egypt
| | - Ashraf M Abdelwahab
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Ash Sharkia, Egypt
| | - Shymaa I Elwan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Ash Sharkia, Egypt
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Ahmad K, Khattak F, Ali A, Rahat S, Noor S, Mahsood N, Somayya R. Carbapenemases and Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Multidrug-Resistant Escherichia coli Isolated from Retail Chicken in Peshawar: First Report from Pakistan. J Food Prot 2018; 81:1339-1345. [PMID: 30019956 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-18-045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
We report the prevalence of extended-spectrum β-lactamases and carbapenemases in Escherichia coli isolated from retail chicken in Peshawar, Pakistan. One hundred E. coli isolates were recovered from retail chicken. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was carried out against ampicillin, chloramphenicol, kanamycin, nalidixic acid, cephalothin, gentamicin, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, and streptomycin. Phenotypic detection of β-lactamase production was analyzed through double disc synergy test using the antibiotics amoxicillin-clavulanate, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, cefepime, and aztreonam. Fifty multidrug-resistant isolates were screened for detection of sul1, aadA, cmlA, int, blaTEM, blaSHV, blaCTX-M, blaOXA-10, blaVIM, blaIMP, and blaNDM-1 genes. Resistance to ampicillin, nalidixic acid, kanamycin, streptomycin, cephalothin, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, gentamicin, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, aztreonam, cefepime, amoxicillin-clavulanate, and chloramphenicol was 92, 91, 84, 73, 70, 67, 53, 48, 40, 39, 37, 36, and 23% respectively. Prevalence of sul1, aadA, cmlA, int, blaTEM, blaCTX-M, blaIMP, and blaNDM-1 was 78% ( n = 39), 76% ( n = 38), 20% ( n = 10), 90% ( n = 45), 74% ( n = 37), 94% ( n = 47), 22% ( n = 11), and 4% ( n = 2), respectively. blaSHV, blaOXA-10, and blaVIM were not detected. The coexistence of multiple antibiotic resistance genes in multidrug-resistant strains of E. coli is alarming. Hence, robust surveillance strategies should be developed with a focus on controlling the spread of antibiotic resistance genes via the food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Faryal Khattak
- Center of Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 25120, Pakistan (ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0532-0631 [K.A.])
| | - Amjad Ali
- Center of Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 25120, Pakistan (ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0532-0631 [K.A.])
| | - Shaista Rahat
- Center of Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 25120, Pakistan (ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0532-0631 [K.A.])
| | - Shazia Noor
- Center of Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 25120, Pakistan (ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0532-0631 [K.A.])
| | - Nargas Mahsood
- Center of Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 25120, Pakistan (ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0532-0631 [K.A.])
| | - Ramla Somayya
- Center of Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 25120, Pakistan (ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0532-0631 [K.A.])
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31
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Liu BT, Zhang XY, Wan SW, Hao JJ, Jiang RD, Song FJ. Characteristics of Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae in Ready-to-Eat Vegetables in China. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1147. [PMID: 29910786 PMCID: PMC5992273 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Vegetables harboring bacteria resistant to antibiotics are a growing food safety issue. However, data concerning carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) in ready-to-eat fresh vegetables is still rare. In this study, 411 vegetable samples from 36 supermarkets or farmer's markets in 18 cities in China, were analyzed for CRE. Carbapenemase-encoding genes and other resistance genes were analyzed among the CRE isolates. Plasmids carrying carbapenemase genes were studied by conjugation, replicon typing, S1-PFGE southern blot, restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), and sequencing. CRE isolates were also analyzed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Ten vegetable samples yielded one or more CRE isolates. The highest detection rate of CRE (14.3%, 4/28) was found in curly endive. Twelve CRE isolates were obtained and all showed multidrug resistance: Escherichia coli, 5; Citrobacter freundii, 5; and Klebsiella pneumoniae, 2. All E. coli and C. freundii carried blaNDM, while K. pneumoniae harbored blaKPC−2. Notably, E. coli with blaNDM and ST23 hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae (hvKP) carrying blaKPC−2 were found in the same cucumber sample and clonal spread of E. coli, C. freundii, and K. pneumoniae isolates were all observed between vegetable types and/or cities. IncX3 plasmids carrying blaNDM from E. coli and C. freundii showed identical or highly similar RFLP patterns, and the sequenced IncX3 plasmid from cucumber was also identical or highly similar (99%) to the IncX3 plasmids from clinical patients reported in other countries, while blaKPC−2 in K. pneumoniae was mediated by similar F35:A-:B1 plasmids. Our results suggest that both clonal expansion and horizontal transmission of IncX3- or F35:A-:B1-type plasmids may mediate the spread of CRE in ready-to-eat vegetables in China. The presence of CRE in ready-to-eat vegetables is alarming and constitutes a food safety issue. To our knowledge, this is the first report of either the C. freundii carrying blaNDM, or K. pneumoniae harboring blaKPC−2 in vegetables. This is also the first report of ST23 carbapenem-resistant hvKP strain in vegetables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao-Tao Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Zhang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Qingdao Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Shu-Wei Wan
- Institute of Plant Protection, Qingdao Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Jun-Jie Hao
- Institute of Plant Protection, Qingdao Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Rui-De Jiang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Qingdao Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Feng-Jing Song
- Institute of Plant Protection, Qingdao Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
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32
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Lopes E, Cardoso W, Nishi D, Horn R, Albuquerque Á, Lima S, Beleza A, Gaio F, Carmo C, Pascoal Filho M, Teixeira R. Serogroup identification, phenotypic detection of hemolysis and extended spectrum beta-lactamases of Escherichia coli isolated from psittacine of illegal wildlife trade in Fortaleza, Brazil. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-4162-9369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT This study aimed to identify serogroups of Escherichia coli important for human health in isolates from psittacine of illegal wildlife trade in Ceará State. In addition, hemolysis and production of Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamases (ESBL) was assessed in the isolates. A total of 78 E. coli strains isolated from different Psittaciformes species from a wildlife rehabilitation center in Fortaleza, Brazil. The isolates used in this study were previously identified and stored. Serogroup identification was performed using polyvalent sera for EPEC (O55, O111, O119, O114, O125, O86, O126, O127, O128), EIEC (O136, O124) and EHEC (O157). ESBL detection was performed with double disk synergy method. For hemolysis detection, isolates were inoculated in blood agar base enriched with ovine blood. Only 31 (39.7%) isolates were seropositive and the most frequent were O127, O114, O128 and O111. There was no agglutination for serogroups O55, O124, O136 or O157. Considering both seropositive and seronegative isolates, 9 (11.5%) and 35 (44.9%) presented hemolysis and ESBL production, respectively. In conclusion, the investigated psittacine from illegal wildlife trade hosted ESBL-producing E. coli strains and some belong to important serogroups often linked to severe human infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - R.V. Horn
- Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - F.C. Gaio
- Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Brazil
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What does the fox say? Monitoring antimicrobial resistance in the environment using wild red foxes as an indicator. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0198019. [PMID: 29799852 PMCID: PMC5969755 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to estimate and compare the occurrence of AMR in wild red foxes in relation to human population densities. Samples from wild red foxes (n = 528) included in the Norwegian monitoring programme on antimicrobial resistance in bacteria from food, feed and animals were included. All samples were divided into three different groups based on population density in the municipality where the foxes were hunted. Of the 528 samples included, 108 (20.5%), 328 (62.1%) and 92 (17.4%) originated from areas with low, medium and high population density, respectively. A single faecal swab was collected from each fox. All samples were plated out on a selective medium for Enterobacteriaceae for culturing followed by inclusion and susceptibility testing of one randomly selected Escherichia coli to assess the overall occurrence of AMR in the Gram-negative bacterial population. Furthermore, the samples were subjected to selective screening for detection of E. coli displaying resistance towards extended-spectrum cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones. In addition, a subset of samples (n = 387) were subjected to selective culturing to detect E. coli resistant to carbapenems and colistin, and enterococci resistant to vancomycin. Of these, 98 (25.3%), 200 (51.7%) and 89 (23.0%) originated from areas with low, medium and high population density, respectively. Overall, the occurrence of AMR in indicator E. coli from wild red foxes originating from areas with different human population densities in Norway was low to moderate (8.8%). The total occurrence of AMR was significantly higher; χ2 (1,N = 336) = 6.53, p = 0.01 in areas with high population density compared to areas with medium population density. Similarly, the occurrence of fluoroquinolone resistant E. coli isolated using selective detection methods was low in areas with low population density and more common in areas with medium or high population density. In conclusion, we found indications that occurrence of AMR in wild red foxes in Norway is associated with human population density. Foxes living in urban areas are more likely to be exposed to AMR bacteria and resistance drivers from food waste, garbage, sewage, waste water and consumption of contaminated prey compared to foxes living in remote areas. The homerange of red fox has been shown to be limited thereby the red fox constitutes a good sentinel for monitoring antimicrobial resistance in the environment. Continuous monitoring on the occurrence of AMR in different wild species, ecological niches and geographical areas can facilitate an increased understanding of the environmental burden of AMR in the environment. Such information is needed to further assess the impact for humans, and enables implementation of possible control measures for AMR in humans, animals and the environment in a true “One Health” approach.
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Aziz ZS, Albukhaty S, Abbood H. Prevalence and antibiotic resistance pattern of certain types of bacterial flora in uterine ewe's samples. KARBALA INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN SCIENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.kijoms.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
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35
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Abbassi MS. Antimicrobial Resistance in Escherichia coli Isolates from Healthy Poultry, Bovine and Ovine in Tunisia: A Real Animal and Human Health Threat. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.17352/jcmbt.000021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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36
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Krizman M, Avgustin JA, Zdovc I, Golob M, Trkov M, Ciglenecki UJ, Biasizzo M, Kirbis A. Antimicrobial Resistance and Molecular Characterization of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamases and Other Escherichia coli Isolated from Food of Animal Origin and Human Intestinal Isolates. J Food Prot 2017; 80:113-120. [PMID: 28221881 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-16-214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Antibiotics have always appeared miraculous, saving innumerable lives. However, the unwise use of antimicrobial drugs has led to the appearance of resistant bacteria. The purpose of this study was to evaluate antimicrobial resistance in Escherichia coli (n =160) isolated from food of animal origin. The focus was on E. coli -producing extended-spectrum β-lactamases. E. coli was chosen because it is a part of the normal microbiota in mammals and can enter the food chain during slaughtering and food manipulation. Subsequently, its resistance genes can be transferred to pathogenic bacteria and human microbiota. Phenotypic and genotypic analyses of selected antimicrobial resistances were carried out together with a molecular analysis of virulence genes. E. coli isolates from food of animal origin were compared with clinical E. coli strains isolated from the human intestinal tract. Extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing E. coli isolates were found in 9.4% of food isolates and in 1.8% of intestinal isolates. Phylogenetically, the majority of food (86.3%) and intestinal E. coli (58.1%) isolates were found to belong to the commensal phylogenetic groups A and B1. The distribution of 4 of 14 analyzed virulence factors was similar in the food and intestinal isolates. Strains isolated from food in Slovenia harbored resistance genes and virulence factors, which can constitute a problem for food safety if not handled properly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manja Krizman
- Institute of Food Safety, Feed and Environment, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Irena Zdovc
- Institute of Microbiology and Parasitology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Majda Golob
- Institute of Microbiology and Parasitology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Marija Trkov
- Department for Public Health Microbiology, Centre for Medical Microbiology, National Laboratory of Health, Environment and Food, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Urska Jamnikar Ciglenecki
- Institute of Food Safety, Feed and Environment, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Majda Biasizzo
- Institute of Food Safety, Feed and Environment, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Andrej Kirbis
- Institute of Food Safety, Feed and Environment, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Extended-Spectrum-Beta-Lactamase- and Plasmid-Encoded Cephamycinase-Producing Enterobacteria in the Broiler Hatchery as a Potential Mode of Pseudo-Vertical Transmission. Appl Environ Microbiol 2016; 83:AEM.02364-16. [PMID: 27795309 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02364-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance through extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) and transferable (plasmid-encoded) cephamycinases (pAmpCs) represents an increasing problem in human and veterinary medicine. The presence of ESBL-/pAmpC-producing commensal enterobacteria in farm animals, such as broiler chickens, is considered one possible source of food contamination and could therefore also be relevant for human colonization. Studies on transmission routes along the broiler production chain showed that 1-day-old hatchlings are already affected. In this study, ESBL-/pAmpC-positive broiler parent flocks and their corresponding eggs, as well as various environmental and air samples from the hatchery, were analyzed. The eggs were investigated concerning ESBL-/pAmpC-producing enterobacteria on the outer eggshell surface (before/after disinfection), the inner eggshell surface, and the egg content. Isolates were analyzed concerning their species, their phylogroup in the case of Escherichia coli strains, the respective resistance genes, and the phenotypical antibiotic resistance. Of the tested eggs, 0.9% (n = 560) were contaminated on their outer shell surface. Further analyses using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis showed a relationship of these strains to those isolated from the corresponding parent flocks, which demonstrates a pseudo-vertical transfer of ESBL-/pAmpC-producing enterobacteria into the hatchery. Resistant enterobacteria were also found in environmental samples from the hatchery, such as dust or surfaces which could pose as a possible contamination source for the hatchlings. All 1-day-old chicks tested negative directly after hatching. The results show a possible entry of ESBL-/pAmpC-producing enterobacteria from the parent flocks into the hatchery; however, the impact of the hatchery on colonization of the hatchlings seems to be low. IMPORTANCE ESBL-/pAmpC-producing enterobacteria occur frequently in broiler-fattening farms. Recent studies investigated the prevalence and possible transmission route of these bacteria in the broiler production chain. It seemed very likely that the hatcheries play an important role in transmission and/or contamination events. There are only few data on transmission investigations from a grandparent or parent flock to their offspring. However, reliable data on direct or indirect vertical transmission events in the hatchery are not available. Therefore, we conducted our study and intensively investigated the broiler hatching eggs from ESBL-/pAmpC-positive broiler parent flocks as well as the hatchlings and the environment of the hatchery.
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Adler A, Friedman ND, Marchaim D. Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacilli: Infection Control Implications. Infect Dis Clin North Am 2016; 30:967-997. [PMID: 27660090 DOI: 10.1016/j.idc.2016.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is a common iatrogenic complication of both modern life and medical care. Certain multidrug resistant and extensively drug resistant Gram-negative organisms pose the biggest challenges to health care today, predominantly owing to a lack of therapeutic options. Containing the spread of these organisms is challenging, and in reality, the application of multiple control measures during an evolving outbreak makes it difficult to measure the relative impact of each measure. This article reviews the usefulness of various infection control measures in containing the spread of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacilli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amos Adler
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel; Department of Medicine, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | | | - Dror Marchaim
- Department of Medicine, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel; Division of Infectious Diseases, Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Zerifin 70300, Israel.
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Abstract
Several potential reservoirs for the Escherichia coli strains that cause most human extraintestinal infections (extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli; ExPEC) have been identified, including the human intestinal tract and various non-human reservoirs, such as companion animals, food animals, retail meat products, sewage, and other environmental sources. Understanding ExPEC reservoirs, chains of transmission, transmission dynamics, and epidemiologic associations will assist greatly in finding ways to reduce the ExPEC-associated disease burden. The need to clarify the ecological behavior of ExPEC is all the more urgent because environmental reservoirs may contribute to acquisition of antimicrobial resistance determinants and selection for and amplification of resistant ExPEC. In this chapter, we review the evidence for different ExPEC reservoirs, with particular attention to food and food animals, and discuss the public health implications of these reservoirs for ExPEC dissemination and transmission.
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40
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High prevalence of extended-spectrum and plasmidic AmpC beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli from poultry in Tunisia. Int J Food Microbiol 2016; 231:69-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Revised: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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41
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Braun SD, Ahmed MFE, El-Adawy H, Hotzel H, Engelmann I, Weiß D, Monecke S, Ehricht R. Surveillance of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli in Dairy Cattle Farms in the Nile Delta, Egypt. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1020. [PMID: 27458435 PMCID: PMC4931819 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Industrial livestock farming is a possible source of multi-resistant Gram-negative bacteria, including producers of extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) conferring resistance to 3rd generation cephalosporins. Limited information is currently available on the situation of ESBL producers in livestock farming outside of Western Europe. A surveillance study was conducted from January to May in 2014 in four dairy cattle farms in different areas of the Nile delta, Egypt. Materials and Methods: In total, 266 samples were collected from 4 dairy farms including rectal swabs from clinically healthy cattle (n = 210), and environmental samples from the stalls (n = 56). After 24 h pre-enrichment in buffered peptone water, all samples were screened for 3rd generation cephalosporin-resistant Escherichia coli using Brilliance™ ESBL agar. Suspected colonies of putatively ESBL-producing E. coli were sub-cultured and subsequently genotypically and phenotypically characterized. Susceptibility testing using the VITEK-2 system was performed. All suspect isolates were genotypically analyzed using two DNA-microarray based assays: CarbDetect AS-1 and E. coli PanType AS-2 kit (ALERE). These tests allow detection of a multitude of genes and their alleles associated with resistance toward carbapenems, cephalosporins, and other frequently used antibiotics. Serotypes were determined using the E. coli SeroGenotyping AS-1 kit (ALERE). Results: Out of 266 samples tested, 114 (42.8%) ESBL-producing E. coli were geno- and phenotypically identified. 113 of 114 phenotypically 3rd generation cephalosporin-resistant isolates harbored at least one of the ESBL resistance genes covered by the applied assays [blaCTX-M15 (n = 105), blaCTX-M9 (n = 1), blaTEM (n = 90), blaSHV (n = 1)]. Alarmingly, the carbapenemase genes blaOXA-48 (n = 5) and blaOXA-181 (n = 1) were found in isolates that also were phenotypically resistant to imipenem and meropenem. Using the array-based serogenotyping method, 66 of the 118 isolates (55%) could be genotypically assigned to O-types. Conclusion: This study is considered to be a first report of the high prevalence of ESBL-producing E. coli in dairy farms in Egypt. ESBL-producing E. coli isolates with different underlying resistance mechanisms are common in investigated dairy cattle farms in Egypt. The global rise of ESBL- and carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative bacteria is a big concern, and demands intensified surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sascha D Braun
- Alere Technologies GmbHJena, Germany; InfectoGnostics Research CampusJena, Germany
| | - Marwa F E Ahmed
- Department of Animal Hygiene and Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Hosny El-Adawy
- Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Friedrich-Loeffler-InstitutJena, Germany; Department of Poultry Disease, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh UniversityKafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Helmut Hotzel
- Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut Jena, Germany
| | - Ines Engelmann
- Alere Technologies GmbHJena, Germany; InfectoGnostics Research CampusJena, Germany
| | - Daniel Weiß
- Alere Technologies GmbHJena, Germany; InfectoGnostics Research CampusJena, Germany
| | - Stefan Monecke
- Alere Technologies GmbHJena, Germany; InfectoGnostics Research CampusJena, Germany; Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Technical University of DresdenDresden, Germany
| | - Ralf Ehricht
- Alere Technologies GmbHJena, Germany; InfectoGnostics Research CampusJena, Germany
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Detection of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli in Market-Ready Chickens in Zambia. Int J Microbiol 2016; 2016:5275724. [PMID: 27190518 PMCID: PMC4852107 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5275724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Revised: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The frequent administering of antibiotics in the treatment of poultry diseases may contribute to emergence of antimicrobial-resistant strains. The objective of this study was to detect the presence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase- (ESBL-) producing Escherichia coli in poultry in Zambia. A total of 384 poultry samples were collected and analyzed for ESBL-producing Escherichia coli. The cultured E. coli isolates were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility tests and the polymerase chain reaction for detection of blaCTX-M, blaSHV, and blaTEM genes. Overall 20.1%, 77/384, (95% CI; 43.2–65.5%) of total samples analyzed contained ESBL-producing Escherichia coli. The antimicrobial sensitivity test revealed that 85.7% (66/77; CI: 75.7–92) of ESBL-producing E. coli isolates conferred resistance to beta-lactam and other antimicrobial agents. These results indicate that poultry is a potential reservoir for ESBL-producing Escherichia coli. The presence of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli in poultry destined for human consumption requires strengthening of the antibiotic administering policy. This is important as antibiotic administration in food animals is gaining momentum for improved animal productivity in developing countries such as Zambia.
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Tyrrell JM, Wootton M, Toleman MA, Howe RA, Woodward M, Walsh TR. Genetic & virulence profiling of ESBL-positive E. coli from nosocomial & veterinary sources. Vet Microbiol 2016; 186:37-43. [PMID: 27016755 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2016.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Revised: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
CTX-M genes are the most prevalent ESBL globally, infiltrating nosocomial, community and environmental settings. Wild and domesticated animals may act as effective vectors for the dissemination of CTX-producing Enterobacteriaceae. This study aimed to contextualise blaCTX-M-14-positive, cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae human infections and compared resistance and pathogenicity markers with veterinary isolates. Epidemiologically related human (n=18) and veterinary (n=4) blaCTX-M-14-positive E. coli were fully characterised. All were typed by XbaI pulsed field gel electrophoresis and ST. Chromosomal/plasmidic locations of blaCTX-M-14 were deduced by S1-nuclease digestion, and association with ISEcp1 was investigated by sequencing. Conjugation experiments assessed transmissibility of plasmids carrying blaCTX-M-14. Presence of virulence determinants was screened by PCR assay and pathogenicity potential was determined by in vitro Galleria mellonella infection models. 84% of clinical E. coli originated from community patients. blaCTX-M-14 was found ubiquitously downstream of ISEcp1 upon conjugative plasmids (25-150 kb). blaCTX-M-14 was also found upon the chromosome of eight E. coli isolates. CTX-M-14-producing E. coli were found at multiple hospital sites. Clonal commonality between patient, hospitals and livestock microbial populations was found. In vivo model survival rates from clinical isolates (30%) and veterinary isolates (0%) were significantly different (p<0.05). Co-transfer of blaCTX-M-14 and virulence determinants was demonstrated. There is evidence of clonal spread of blaCTX-M-14-positive E. coli involving community patients and farm livestock. blaCTX-M-14 positive human clinical isolates carry a lower intrinsic pathogenic potential than veterinary E. coli highlighting the need for greater veterinary practices in preventing dissemination of MDR E. coli among livestock.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Tyrrell
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Infectious Disease, Heath Hospital, Cardiff CF14 4XW, UK.
| | - M Wootton
- Public Health Wales Microbiology Cardiff, University Hospital of Wales, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XW, UK
| | - M A Toleman
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Infectious Disease, Heath Hospital, Cardiff CF14 4XW, UK
| | - R A Howe
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Infectious Disease, Heath Hospital, Cardiff CF14 4XW, UK
| | - M Woodward
- Department of Food & Nutritional Studies, University of Reading, RG6 6AP, UK
| | - T R Walsh
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Infectious Disease, Heath Hospital, Cardiff CF14 4XW, UK
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Schaufler K, Semmler T, Wieler LH, Wöhrmann M, Baddam R, Ahmed N, Müller K, Kola A, Fruth A, Ewers C, Guenther S. Clonal spread and interspecies transmission of clinically relevant ESBL-producing Escherichia coli of ST410--another successful pandemic clone? FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2015; 92:fiv155. [PMID: 26656065 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiv155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinically relevant extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing multi-resistant Escherichia coli have been on the rise for years. Initially restricted to mostly a clinical context, recent findings prove their prevalence in extraclinical settings independent of the original occurrence of antimicrobial resistance in the environment. To get further insights into the complex ecology of potentially clinically relevant ESBL-producing E. coli, 24 isolates from wild birds in Berlin, Germany, and 40 ESBL-producing human clinical E. coli isolates were comparatively analyzed. Isolates of ST410 occurred in both sample groups (six). In addition, three ESBL-producing E. coli isolates of ST410 from environmental dog feces and one clinical dog isolate were included. All 10 isolates were clonally analyzed showing almost identical macrorestriction patterns. They were chosen for whole-genome sequencing revealing that the whole-genome content of these 10 E. coli isolates showed a very high genetic similarity, differing by low numbers of single nucleotide polymorphisms only. This study gives initial evidence for a recent interspecies transmission of a new successful clone of ST410 E. coli between wildlife, humans, companion animals and the environment. The results underline the zoonotic potential of clinically relevant multi-resistant bacteria found in the environment as well as the mandatory nature of the 'One Health' approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Schaufler
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Veterinary Faculty, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Torsten Semmler
- NG 1 - Microbial Genomics, Robert Koch Institute, 13302 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Michael Wöhrmann
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Veterinary Faculty, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ramani Baddam
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Veterinary Faculty, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany Pathogen Biology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, 500046 Hyderabad, India
| | - Niyaz Ahmed
- Pathogen Biology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, 500046 Hyderabad, India
| | - Kerstin Müller
- Clinic of Small Animals, Veterinary Faculty, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Axel Kola
- Institute of Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, Charité Universitätsklinikum, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Angelika Fruth
- Department for Infectious Diseases, Division of Bacterial Infections and National Reference, Centre for Salmonella and other Bacterial Enteric Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, 38855 Wernigerode, Germany
| | - Christa Ewers
- Institute of Hygiene and Infectious Diseases of Animals, Veterinary Faculty, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Guenther
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Veterinary Faculty, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany
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Occurrence of ESBL-Producing Escherichia coli in Livestock and Farm Workers in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Germany. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0143326. [PMID: 26606146 PMCID: PMC4659621 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) producing bacteria have been found in livestock, mainly as asymptomatic colonizers. The zoonotic risk for people working in close contact to animal husbandry has still not been completely assessed. Therefore, we investigated the prevalence of ESBL-producing Escherichia spp. in livestock animals and workers to determine the potential risk for an animal-human cross-transmission.In Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, northeast Germany, inguinal swabs of 73 individuals with livestock contact from 23 different farms were tested for ESBL-producing Escherichia spp. Two pooled fecal samples per farm of animal origin from 34 different farms (17 pig farms, 11 cattle farms, 6 poultry farms) as well as cloacal swabs of 10 randomly selected broilers or turkeys were taken at each poultry farm. For identification, selective chromogenic agar was used after an enrichment step. Phenotypically ESBL-producing isolates (n = 99) were tested for CTX-M, OXA, SHV and TEM using PCR, and isolates were further characterized using multilocus sequence typing (MLST). In total, 61 diverse isolates from different sources and/or different MLST/PCR results were acquired. Five farm workers (three from cattle farms and two from pig farms) harbored ESBL-producing E. coli. All human isolates harbored the CTX-M β-lactamase; TEM and OXA β-lactamases were additionally detected in two, resp. one, isolates. ESBL-producing Escherichia spp. were found in fecal samples at pig (15/17), cattle (6/11) and poultry farms (3/6). In total, 70.6% (24/36) of the tested farms were ESBL positive. Furthermore, 9 out of 60 cloacal swabs turned out to be ESBL positive. All isolated ESBL-producing bacteria from animal sources were E. coli, except for one E. hermanii isolate. CTX-M was the most prevalent β-lactamase at cattle and pig farms, while SHV predominated in poultry. One human isolate shared an identical MLST sequence type (ST) 3891 and CTX-M allele to the isolate found in the cattle fecal sample from the same farm, indicating a zoonotic transfer. Two other pairs of human-pig and human-cattle E. coli isolates encoded the same ESBL genes but did not share the same MLST ST, which may indicate horizontal resistance gene transfer. In summary, the study shows the high prevalence of ESBL-producing E.coli in livestock in Mecklenburg- Western Pomerania and provides the risk of transfer between livestock and farm workers.
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Stedt J, Bonnedahl J, Hernandez J, Waldenström J, McMahon BJ, Tolf C, Olsen B, Drobni M. Carriage of CTX-M type extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) in gulls across Europe. Acta Vet Scand 2015; 57:74. [PMID: 26526188 PMCID: PMC4629291 DOI: 10.1186/s13028-015-0166-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs), a group of enzymes conferring resistance to third generation cephalosporins have rapidly increased in Enterobacteriacae and pose a major challenge to human health care. Resistant isolates are common in domestic animals and clinical settings, but prevalence and genotype distribution varies on a geographical scale. Although ESBL genes are frequently detected in bacteria isolated from wildlife samples, ESBL dissemination of resistant bacteria to the environment is largely unknown. To address this, we used three closely related gull species as a model system and collected more than 3000 faecal samples during breeding times in nine European countries. Samples were screened for ESBL-producing bacteria, which were characterized to the level of ESBL genotype groups (SHV, TEM), or specific genotypes (CTX-M). RESULTS ESBL-producing bacteria were frequently detected in gulls (906 of 3158 samples, 28.7 %), with significant variation in prevalence rates between countries. Highest levels were found in Spain (74.8 %), The Netherlands (37.8 %) and England (27.1 %). Denmark and Poland represented the other extreme with no, or very few positive samples. Genotyping of CTX-M isolates identified 13 different variants, with bla CTX-M-1 and bla CTX-M-14 as the most frequently detected. In samples from England, Spain and Portugal, bla CTX-M-14 dominated, while in the rest of the sampled countries bla CTX-M-1 (except Sweden where bla CTX-M-15 was dominant) was the most frequently detected genotype, a pattern similar to what is known from studies of human materials. CONCLUSIONS CTX-M type ESBLs are common in the faecal microbiota from gulls across Europe. The gull ESBL genotype distribution was in large similar to published datasets from human and food-production animals in Europe. The data suggests that the environmental dissemination of ESBL is high from anthropogenic sources, and widespread occurrence of resistant bacteria in common migratory bird species utilizing urban and agricultural areas suggests that antibiotic resistance genes may also be spread through birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Stedt
- Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems, School of Natural Sciences, Linnaeus University, 391 82, Kalmar, Sweden.
| | - Jonas Bonnedahl
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Kalmar County Hospital, 391 85, Kalmar, Sweden.
- Section of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Jorge Hernandez
- Section of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Jonas Waldenström
- Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems, School of Natural Sciences, Linnaeus University, 391 82, Kalmar, Sweden.
| | - Barry J McMahon
- UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - Conny Tolf
- Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems, School of Natural Sciences, Linnaeus University, 391 82, Kalmar, Sweden.
| | - Björn Olsen
- Section of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Mirva Drobni
- Section of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Microbiology, Östersund Hospital, 831 83, Östersund, Sweden.
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Multiple antibiotic resistances among Shiga toxin producing Escherichia coli O157 in feces of dairy cattle farms in Eastern Cape of South Africa. BMC Microbiol 2015; 15:213. [PMID: 26475706 PMCID: PMC4609099 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-015-0553-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Shiga toxin–producing Escherichia coli (STEC) O157:H7 is a well-recognized cause of bloody diarrhea and hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS). The ability of STEC strains to cause human disease is due to the production of Shiga toxins. The objectives of this study were to determinate the prevalence, serotypes, antibiotic susceptibility patterns and the genetic capability for Shiga toxin production in Escherichia coli (STEC) strains isolated from dairy cattle farms in two rural communities in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. Methods Fecal samples were collected between March and May 2014, from individual cattle (n = 400) in two commercial dairy farms having 800 and 120 cattle each. Three hundred presumptive isolates obtained were subjected to polymerase chain reactions (PCR) for identification of O157 serogroup and Shiga toxin producing genes (stx1, stx2) on genomic DNA extracted by boiling method. Susceptibility of the isolates to 17 antibiotics was carried out in vitro by the standardized agar disc-diffusion method. Results Based on direct PCR detection, 95 (31.7 %) isolates were identified as O157 serogroup. The genetic repertoire for Shiga toxin production was present in 84 (88.42 %) isolates distributed as stx1 (37), stx2 (38) and stx1/2 (9) respectively while 11 of the isolates did not harbor Shiga toxin producing genes. Multiple antibiotic resistances were observed among the isolates and genetic profiling of resistance genes identified blaampC 90 %, blaCMY 70 %, blaCTX-M 65 %, blaTEM 27 % and tetA 70 % and strA 80 % genes among the antimicrobial resistance determinants examined. Conclusion We conclude that dairy cattle farms in the Eastern Cape Province are potential reservoirs of antibiotic resistance determinants in the province.
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Considerations About Antimicrobial Stewardship in Settings with Epidemic Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing or Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae. Infect Dis Ther 2015; 4:65-83. [PMID: 26362292 PMCID: PMC4569644 DOI: 10.1007/s40121-015-0081-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2015] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Infections caused by gram-negative bacteria (GNB) resistant to multiple classes of antibiotics are increasing in many hospitals. Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing and carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae in particular are now endemic in many parts of the world and represent a serious public health threat. In this era, antimicrobial stewardship programs are essential as targeted and responsible use of antibiotics improves patient outcomes and hopefully limits the selective pressure that drives the further emergence of resistance. However, some stewardship strategies aimed at promoting carbapenem-sparing regimens remain controversial and are difficult to implement when resistance rates to non-carbapenem antibiotics are increasing. Coordinated efforts between stewardship programs and infection control are essential for reversing conditions that favor the emergence and dissemination of multidrug-resistant GNB within the hospital and identifying extra-institutional "feeder reservoirs" of resistant strains such as long-term care facilities, where colonization is common despite limited numbers of serious infections. In settings where ESBL resistance is endemic, the cost-effectiveness of expanded infection control efforts and antimicrobial stewardship is still unknown. Once a patient has been colonized, selective oral or digestive decontamination may be considered, but evidence supporting its effectiveness is limited in patients who are already colonized or in centers with high rates of resistance. Moreover, temporary success at decolonization may be associated with a higher risk of relapse with strains that are resistant to the decolonizing antibiotics.
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Phenotypic and Molecular Characterisation of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase Producing Escherichia coli Obtained from Animal Fecal Samples in Ado Ekiti, Nigeria. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2015; 2015:497980. [PMID: 26417371 PMCID: PMC4568380 DOI: 10.1155/2015/497980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Revised: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Production of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) producing E. coli in animals and different methods of identifications from Ado Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria, were investigated. Three hundred and fifty fecal samples, collected from apparently healthy cattle and pigs, were cultured and identified following standard procedures. ESBL phenotypic detection was carried out using combination disc test, double disc synergism test, and ESBL brilliance agar screening. Molecular detection of TEM, SHV, and CTX-M genes was carried out using standard molecular method. One hundred and fourteen E. coli isolates were recovered from the 350 samples processed, out of which 72 (63.2%) isolates were positive for ESBLs with multiple resistance to the antibiotics used. Eighty-one (71%) isolates were positive for ESBL by combination disc test, 90 (78.9%) were positive for double disc synergism test, and 93 (81.6%) were positive for ESBL brilliance agar. TEM and CTX-M genes were detected in 48 (42.1%) and 51 (44.7%) isolates, respectively. SHV gene was not detected in any of the isolates while TEM and CTX-M were detected in 33 (28.9%) isolates. This study showed high resistance of E. coli to antibiotics, particularly to the third generation cephalosporins. Regular monitoring and regulated use of antibiotics in livestock should be encouraged.
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Tamang MD, Gurung M, Kang MS, Nam HM, Moon DC, Jang GC, Jung SC, Park YH, Lim SK. Characterization of plasmids encoding CTX-M β-lactamase and their addiction systems in Escherichia coli isolates from animals. Vet Microbiol 2014; 174:456-462. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2014.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Revised: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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