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Newcomer BW. 75 years of bovine viral diarrhea virus: Current status and future applications of the use of directed antivirals. Antiviral Res 2021; 196:105205. [PMID: 34742739 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2021.105205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) was first reported 75 years ago and remains a source of major financial and production losses in the North American cattle industry. Currently, control methods in North America primarily center around biosecurity and vaccination programs; however, despite high levels of vaccination, the virus persists in the cattle herd due at least in part to the often-insidious nature of disease and the constant viremia and viral shedding of persistently infected animals which act as a reservoir for the virus. Continued development of targeted antivirals represents an additional tool for the prevention of BVDV-associated losses. Currently, in vivo studies of BVDV antivirals are relatively limited and have primarily been directed at the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase which represents the viral target with the highest potential for commercial development. Additional live animal studies have explored the potential of exogenous interferon treatment. Future research of commercial antivirals must focus on the establishment and validation of in vivo efficacy for compounds with demonstrated antiviral potential. The areas which provide the most viable economic justification for the research and development of antivirals drugs are the fed cattle sector, outbreak control, and wildlife or animals of high genetic value. With further development, targeted antivirals represent an additional tool for the management and control of BVDV in North American cattle herds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin W Newcomer
- Veterinary Education, Research, & Outreach Program, Texas A&M and West Texas A&M Universities, Canyon, TX, 79016, USA.
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2
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An adventitious agent-free clonal cell line that is highly susceptible to foot -and-mouth disease virus. Biologicals 2021; 72:33-41. [PMID: 34092457 DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2021.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine LFBKαVβ6 cells have been successfully used for diagnostics and propagation of all FMDV serotypes/subtypes. Unfortunately, after initial characterization, these cells showed contamination with bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), a non-cytopathic adventitious agent. Persistent infection with BVDV could interfere with diagnostic tests and, also prevent consideration for other uses, i.e., vaccine production. In this study, we developed a three-prong methodology to completely remove BVDV from LFBKαVβ6 cells. Combined treatment with siRNA against BVDV NS5A, porcine interferon alpha and ribavirin resulted in the elimination of BVDV, as determined by immunohistochemistry analysis, quantitative RT-PCR and RNA sequencing. Importantly, elimination of BVDV from LFBKαVβ6 did not affect FMDV growth and plaque phenotype from different serotypes isolated and propagated in the clean cell line, newly named MGPK αVβ6-C5. Additionally, isolation of FMDV from field oro-pharyngeal samples, was successful at the same sensitivity as in BVDV-contaminated LFBKαVβ6 cells. Our results identified a direct method to efficiently eliminate BVDV from porcine cells without altering FMDV permissiveness, diagnostic value, or potential for use in vaccine production. Furthermore, these cells may provide an improved platform for diagnostics and propagation of other viruses of interest in the veterinary field and the virology community at large.
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3
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Bacterial Ribonuclease (Binase) Promotes Decontamination of MDBK Cell Cultures From Bovine Diarrhea Virus. BIONANOSCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12668-021-00862-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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4
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Evans DeWald L, Starr C, Butters T, Treston A, Warfield KL. Iminosugars: A host-targeted approach to combat Flaviviridae infections. Antiviral Res 2020; 184:104881. [PMID: 32768411 PMCID: PMC7405907 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2020.104881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
N-linked glycosylation is the most common form of protein glycosylation and is required for the proper folding, trafficking, and/or receptor binding of some host and viral proteins. As viruses lack their own glycosylation machinery, they are dependent on the host's machinery for these processes. Certain iminosugars are known to interfere with the N-linked glycosylation pathway by targeting and inhibiting α-glucosidases I and II in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Perturbing ER α-glucosidase function can prevent these enzymes from removing terminal glucose residues on N-linked glycans, interrupting the interaction between viral glycoproteins and host chaperone proteins that is necessary for proper folding of the viral protein. Iminosugars have demonstrated broad-spectrum antiviral activity in vitro and in vivo against multiple viruses. This review discusses the broad activity of iminosugars against Flaviviridae. Iminosugars have shown favorable activity against multiple members of the Flaviviridae family in vitro and in murine models of disease, although the activity and mechanism of inhibition can be virus-specfic. While iminosugars are not currently approved for the treatment of viral infections, their potential use as future host-targeted antiviral (HTAV) therapies continues to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chloe Starr
- Emergent BioSolutions, Gaithersburg, MD, 20879, USA
| | | | | | - Kelly L. Warfield
- Emergent BioSolutions, Gaithersburg, MD, 20879, USA,Corresponding author. 400 Professional Drive, Gaithersburg, MD, 20879, USA
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5
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Musiu S, Castillo YP, Muigg A, Pürstinger G, Leyssen P, Froeyen M, Neyts J, Paeshuyse J. Quinolinecarboxamides Inhibit the Replication of the Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus by Targeting a Hot Spot for the Inhibition of Pestivirus Replication in the RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25061283. [PMID: 32178258 PMCID: PMC7144022 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25061283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), a pestivirus from the family of Flaviviridae is ubiquitous and causes a range of clinical manifestations in livestock, mainly cattle. Two quinolinecarboxamide analogues were identified in a CPE-based screening effort, as selective inhibitors of the in vitro bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) replication, i.e., TO505-6180/CSFCI (average EC50 = 0.07 µM, SD = 0.02 µM, CC50 > 100 µM) and TO502-2403/CSFCII (average EC50 = 0.2 µM, SD = 0.06 µM, CC50 > 100 µM). The initial antiviral activity observed for both hits against BVDV was corroborated by measuring the inhibitory effect on viral RNA synthesis and the production of infectious virus. Modification of the substituents on the quinolinecarboxamide scaffold resulted in analogues that proved about 7-fold more potent (average EC50 = 0.03 with a SD = 0.01 µM) and that were devoid of cellular toxicity, for the concentration range tested (SI = 3333). CSFCII resistant BVDV variants were selected and were found to carry the F224P mutation in the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), whereas CSFCI resistant BVDV carried two mutations in the same region of the RdRp, i.e., N264D and F224Y. Likewise, molecular modeling revealed that F224P/Y and N264D are located in a small cavity near the fingertip domain of the pestivirus polymerase. CSFC-resistant BVDV proved to be cross-resistant to earlier reported pestivirus inhibitors (BPIP, AG110, LZ37, and BBP) that are known to target the same region of the RdRp. CSFC analogues did not inhibit the in vitro activity of recombinant BVDV RdRp but inhibited the activity of BVDV replication complexes (RCs). CSFC analogues likely interact with the fingertip of the pestivirus RdRp at the same position as BPIP, AG110, LZ37, and BBP. This indicates that this region is a “hot spot” for the inhibition of pestivirus replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Musiu
- KU Leuven University, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Leuven, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Yunierkis Perez Castillo
- Bio-Cheminformatics Research Group and Escuela de Ciencias Físicas y Matemáticas, Universidad de Las Americas, 170150 Quito, Ecuador
| | - Alexandra Muigg
- Institut für Pharmazie, Abteilung Pharmazeutische Chemie, Universität Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Gerhard Pürstinger
- Institut für Pharmazie, Abteilung Pharmazeutische Chemie, Universität Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Pieter Leyssen
- KU Leuven University, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Leuven, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mathy Froeyen
- KU Leuven University, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Leuven, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Johan Neyts
- KU Leuven University, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Leuven, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan Paeshuyse
- KU Leuven, Division Animal and Human Health Engineering, Laboratory for host pathogen interactions, Kasteelpark Arenberg 30, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
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6
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Quintana ME, Barone LJ, Trotta MV, Turco C, Mansilla FC, Capozzo AV, Cardoso NP. In-vivo Activity of IFN-λ and IFN-α Against Bovine-Viral-Diarrhea Virus in a Mouse Model. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:45. [PMID: 32118067 PMCID: PMC7015039 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine-viral-diarrhea virus (BVDV) can cause significant economic losses in livestock. The disease is controlled with vaccination and bovines are susceptible until vaccine immunity develops and may remain vulnerable if a persistently infected animal is left on the farm; therefore, an antiviral agent that reduces virus infectivity can be a useful tool in control programs. Although many compounds with promising in-vitro efficacy have been identified, the lack of laboratory-animal models limited their potential for further clinical development. Recently, we described the activity of type I and III interferons, IFN-α and IFN-λ respectively, against several BVDV strains in-vitro. In this study, we analyzed the in-vivo efficacy of both IFNs using a BALB/c-mouse model. Mice infected with two type-2 BVDV field strains developed a viremia with different kinetics, depending on the infecting strain's virulence, that persisted for 56 days post-infection (dpi). Mice infected with the low-virulence strain elicited high systemic TNF-α levels at 2 dpi. IFNs were first applied subcutaneously 1 day before or after infection. The two IFNs reduced viremia with different kinetics, depending on whether either one was applied before or after infection. In a second experiment, we increased the number of applications of both IFNs. All the treatments reduced viremia compared to untreated mice. The application of IFN-λ pre- and post-infection reduced viremia over time. This study is the first proof of the concept of the antiviral potency of IFN-λ against BVDV in-vivo, thus encouraging further trails for a potential use of this cytokine in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Eugenia Quintana
- Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, Instituto de Virología e Innovaciones Tecnológicas, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lucas José Barone
- Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, Instituto de Virología e Innovaciones Tecnológicas, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Myrian Vanesa Trotta
- Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, Instituto de Virología e Innovaciones Tecnológicas, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cecilia Turco
- Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, Instituto de Virología e Innovaciones Tecnológicas, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Florencia Celeste Mansilla
- Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, Instituto de Virología e Innovaciones Tecnológicas, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alejandra Victoria Capozzo
- Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, Instituto de Virología e Innovaciones Tecnológicas, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nancy Patricia Cardoso
- Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, Instituto de Virología e Innovaciones Tecnológicas, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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7
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Npro of Classical Swine Fever Virus Suppresses Type III Interferon Production by Inhibiting IRF1 Expression and Its Nuclear Translocation. Viruses 2019; 11:v11110998. [PMID: 31683525 PMCID: PMC6893713 DOI: 10.3390/v11110998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Classical swine fever virus (CSFV) causes a contagious disease of pigs. The virus can break the mucosal barrier to establish its infection. Type III interferons (IFN-λs) play a crucial role in maintaining the antiviral state in epithelial cells. Limited information is available on whether or how CSFV modulates IFN-λs production. We found that IFN-λ3 showed dose-dependent suppression of CSFV replication in IPEC-J2 cells. Npro-deleted CSFV mutant (∆Npro) induced significantly higher IFN-λs transcription from 24 h post-infection (hpi) than its parental strain (wtCSFV). The strain wtCSFV strongly inhibited IFN-λs transcription and IFN-λ3 promoter activity in poly(I:C)-stimulated IPEC-J2 cells, whereas ∆Npro did not show such inhibition. Npro overexpression caused significant reduction of IFN-λs transcription and IFN-λ3 promoter activity. Both wtCSFV and ∆Npro infection induced time-dependent IRF1 expression in IPEC-J2 cells, with ΔNpro showing more significant induction, particularly at 24 hpi. However, infection with wtCSFV or Npro overexpression led not only to significant reduction of IRF1 expression and its promoter activity in poly(I:C)-treated IPEC-J2 cells but also to blockage of IRF1 nuclear translocation. This study provides clear evidence that CSFV Npro suppresses IRF1-mediated type III IFNs production by inhibiting IRF1 expression and its nuclear translocation.
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8
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Shiokawa M, Omatsu T, Katayama Y, Nishine K, Fujimoto Y, Uchiyama S, Kameyama KI, Nagai M, Mizutani T, Sakoda Y, Fukusho A, Aoki H. END-phenomenon negative bovine viral diarrhea virus that induces the host's innate immune response supports propagation of BVDVs with different immunological properties. Virology 2019; 538:97-110. [PMID: 31590058 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2019.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Our previous study reported that persistently infected (PI) cattle of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) have co-infected with BVDV/END- and /END+ that promote and inhibit host's type-I interferon (IFN) production, respectively. However, the relationship between co-infection of immunologically distinct BVDVs and persistent infection as well as the biological significance of END- viruses remains unknown. Experiments using cultured cells revealed that END+ virus, which is unable to propagate in situations where the host's immune response is induced by IFN-α addition, is able to propagate under those conditions when co-infecting with END- virus. These results indicate that BVDV/END- can coexist with BVDV/END+ and that co-infection with END- viruses supports the propagation of END+ viruses. Our in vitro experiments strongly suggest that co-infection with END- virus is involved in the maintenance of persistent infection of BVDV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Shiokawa
- School of Veterinary Nursing and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Omatsu
- Research and Education Center for Prevention of Global Infectious Disease of Animal, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukie Katayama
- Research and Education Center for Prevention of Global Infectious Disease of Animal, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaoru Nishine
- School of Veterinary Nursing and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan; Kyoto Biken Laboratories, Inc. Formulation Department, Formulation Section 1, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuri Fujimoto
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Shiori Uchiyama
- School of Veterinary Nursing and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichiro Kameyama
- Division of Transboundary Animal Disease, National Institute of Animal Health, NARO, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Makoto Nagai
- Research and Education Center for Prevention of Global Infectious Disease of Animal, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Mizutani
- Research and Education Center for Prevention of Global Infectious Disease of Animal, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Sakoda
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Akio Fukusho
- School of Veterinary Nursing and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Aoki
- School of Veterinary Nursing and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan.
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9
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Zhu L, Huang L, Wang A, Li Q, Guo J, Wang L, Zhang G. The evaluation of an immunoperoxidase assay applicable in antiviral drug screening. Biologicals 2018; 57:61-66. [PMID: 30477957 DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2018.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) fall into cytopathic (CP) and noncytopathic (NCP) biotypes, based on their ability to kill cultured cells. NCP-BVDV can not be titrated by conventional means as used for CP-BVDV, which has impeded the identification of antiviral drugs targeting NCP-BVDV virus strains. In this study, the application of an immunoperoxidase assay in the screening of antiviral drugs was tested using two known BVDV inhibitors, ribavirin and ammonium chloride (NH4Cl). Phospholipase C inhibitor U73122 was identified to affect BVDV infection by using this immunoperoxidase assay. In addition, the results of immunoperoxidase assay were validated by real-time PCR. Taken together, the immunoperoxidase assay is a useful and versatile method suitable for antiviral drug screening targeting NCP-BVDV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqian Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Immunology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450002, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, 225009, China
| | - Liai Huang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Immunology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450002, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, 225009, China
| | - Aiping Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Qingmei Li
- Key Laboratory for Animal Immunology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450002, China
| | - Junqing Guo
- Key Laboratory for Animal Immunology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450002, China
| | - Li Wang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Immunology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450002, China
| | - Gaiping Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Immunology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450002, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, 225009, China.
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Bella M, Šesták S, Moncoľ J, Koóš M, Poláková M. Synthesis of 1,4-imino-L-lyxitols modified at C-5 and their evaluation as inhibitors of GH38 α-mannosidases. Beilstein J Org Chem 2018; 14:2156-2162. [PMID: 30202468 PMCID: PMC6122390 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.14.189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A synthetic approach to 1,4-imino-L-lyxitols with various modifications at the C-5 position is reported. These imino-L-lyxitol cores were used for the preparation of a series of N-(4-halobenzyl)polyhydroxypyrrolidines. An impact of the C-5 modification on the inhibition and selectivity against GH38 α-mannosidases from Drosophila melanogaster, the Golgi (GMIIb) and lysosomal (LManII) mannosidases and commercial jack bean α-mannosidase from Canavalia ensiformis was evaluated. The modification at C-5 affected their inhibitory activity against the target GMIIb enzyme. In contrast, no inhibition effect of the pyrrolidines against LManII was observed. The modification of the imino-L-lyxitol core is therefore a suitable motif for the design of inhibitors with desired selectivity against the target GMIIb enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maroš Bella
- Department of Glycochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, SK-845 38, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Sergej Šesták
- Department of Glycochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, SK-845 38, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ján Moncoľ
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Radlinského 9, SK-812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Miroslav Koóš
- Department of Glycochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, SK-845 38, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Monika Poláková
- Department of Glycochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, SK-845 38, Bratislava, Slovakia
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11
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Morphogenesis of pestiviruses: new insights from ultrastructural studies of strain Giraffe-1. J Virol 2013; 88:2717-24. [PMID: 24352462 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.03237-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Knowledge on the morphogenesis of pestiviruses is limited due to low virus production in infected cells. In order to localize virion morphogenesis and replication sites of pestiviruses and to examine intracellular virion transport, a cell culture model was established to facilitate ultrastructural studies. Based on results of virus growth kinetic analysis and quantification of viral RNA, pestivirus strain Giraffe-1 turned out to be a suitable candidate for studies on virion generation and export from culture cells. Using conventional transmission electron microscopy and single-tilt electron tomography, we found virions located predominately in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in infected cells and were able to depict the budding process of virions at ER membranes. Colocalization of the viral core protein and the envelope glycoprotein E2 with the ER marker protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) was demonstrated by immunogold labeling of cryosections. Moreover, pestivirions could be shown in transport vesicles and the Golgi complex and during exocytosis. Interestingly, viral capsid protein and double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) were detected in multivesicular bodies (MVBs), which implies that the endosomal compartment plays a role in pestiviral replication. Significant cellular membrane alterations such as those described for members of the Flavivirus and Hepacivirus genera were not found. Based on the gained morphological data, we present a consistent model of pestivirus morphogenesis.
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Newcomer BW, Givens MD. Approved and experimental countermeasures against pestiviral diseases: Bovine viral diarrhea, classical swine fever and border disease. Antiviral Res 2013; 100:133-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2013.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2013] [Revised: 07/01/2013] [Accepted: 07/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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13
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Timokhova AV, Bakinovskii LV, Zinin AI, Popenko VI, Ivanov AV, Rubtsov PM, Kochetkov SN, Belzhelarskaya SN. Effect of deoxynojirimycin derivatives on morphogenesis of hepatitis C virus. Mol Biol 2012. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893312040115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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14
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15
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Development of a reporter bovine viral diarrhea virus and initial evaluation of its application for high throughput antiviral drug screening. J Virol Methods 2011; 180:54-61. [PMID: 22227616 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2011.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2011] [Revised: 12/15/2011] [Accepted: 12/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) causes lethal mucosal disease of cattle and leads to severe economic loss of cattle production and reproduction worldwide. Over the past decades, vaccination was not very successful in providing prevention of BVDV infection. This reality demands that anti-BVDV drugs should be used as an alternative treatment strategy. In this study, a BAC cDNA of noncytopathic BVDV strain SD-1 is constructed to contain an enhanced green fluorescence protein (eGFP) gene between viral NS3 and NS4A coding sequences. The recombinant reporter virus is generated subsequently by transfection of MDBK cells with the transcripts produced in vitro. The rescued reporter virus is stable in MDBK cells and the eGFP protein is expressed and processed properly. Of most importance, the reporter virus shows a growth property similar to the SD-1 parent and the fluorescent signal intensity increases in parallel to the reporter virus RNA and protein replication. In addition, two known anti-BVDV drug G418 (viral assembly/release inhibitor) and ribavirin (viral RNA replication inhibitor) are identified as hits in a high-throughput format, suggesting that this system is capable of identifying BVDV inhibitors that target different steps in viral life cycle. The cell-based system developed provides a useful and versatile tool which should facilitate the identification of BVDV inhibitors on a large scale.
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16
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McLaughlin M, Vandenbroeck K. The endoplasmic reticulum protein folding factory and its chaperones: new targets for drug discovery? Br J Pharmacol 2011; 162:328-45. [PMID: 20942857 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2010.01064.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytosolic heat shock proteins have received significant attention as emerging therapeutic targets. Much of this excitement has been triggered by the discovery that HSP90 plays a central role in the maintenance and stability of multifarious oncogenic membrane receptors and their resultant tyrosine kinase activity. Numerous studies have dealt with the effects of small molecules on chaperone- and stress-related pathways of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). However, unlike cytosolic chaperones, relatively little emphasis has been placed upon translational avenues towards targeting of the ER for inhibition of folding/secretion of disease-promoting proteins. Here, we summarise existing small molecule inhibitors and potential future targets of ER chaperone-mediated inhibition. Client proteins of translational relevance in disease treatment are outlined, alongside putative future disease treatment modalities based on ER-centric targeted therapies. Particular attention is paid to cancer and autoimmune disorders via the effects of the GRP94 inhibitor geldanamycin and its population of client proteins, overloading of the unfolded protein response, and inhibition of members of the IL-12 family of cytokines by celecoxib and non-coxib analogues.
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17
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Dragutan I, Dragutan V, Mitan C, Vosloo HCM, Delaude L, Demonceau A. Metathesis access to monocyclic iminocyclitol-based therapeutic agents. Beilstein J Org Chem 2011; 7:699-716. [PMID: 21804866 PMCID: PMC3135129 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.7.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2011] [Accepted: 05/05/2011] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
By focusing on recent developments on natural and non-natural azasugars (iminocyclitols), this review bolsters the case for the role of olefin metathesis reactions (RCM, CM) as key transformations in the multistep syntheses of pyrrolidine-, piperidine- and azepane-based iminocyclitols, as important therapeutic agents against a range of common diseases and as tools for studying metabolic disorders. Considerable improvements brought about by introduction of one or more metathesis steps are outlined, with emphasis on the exquisite steric control and atom-economical outcome of the overall process. The comparative performance of several established metathesis catalysts is also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ileana Dragutan
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Romanian Academy, 202B Spl. Independentei, P.O. Box 35-108, Bucharest 060023, Romania
| | - Valerian Dragutan
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Romanian Academy, 202B Spl. Independentei, P.O. Box 35-108, Bucharest 060023, Romania
| | - Carmen Mitan
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Romanian Academy, 202B Spl. Independentei, P.O. Box 35-108, Bucharest 060023, Romania
| | - Hermanus CM Vosloo
- School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, North-West University, Hoffman Street, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - Lionel Delaude
- Macromolecular Chemistry and Organic Catalysis, Institute of Chemistry (B6a), University of Liège, Sart Tilman, Liège 4000, Belgium
| | - Albert Demonceau
- Macromolecular Chemistry and Organic Catalysis, Institute of Chemistry (B6a), University of Liège, Sart Tilman, Liège 4000, Belgium
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Zhang N, Liu Z, Han Q, Chen J, Lv Y. Xanthohumol enhances antiviral effect of interferon alpha-2b against bovine viral diarrhea virus, a surrogate of hepatitis C virus. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2010; 17:310-6. [PMID: 19748253 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2009.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2009] [Revised: 07/16/2009] [Accepted: 08/06/2009] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Xanthohumol (XN) is a natural compound with multifunctional potentials, including antiviral activity. In this study, the antiviral activity of addition of XN to interferon (IFN)-alpha was examined and compared with each compound alone using bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), a surrogate model of hepatitis C virus (HCV). BVDV E2 protein and the viral RNA level were determined by immunofluorescence and quantitative real-time RT-PCR, respectively. The addition of XN to IFN-alpha significantly improved CPEs induced by the virus and inhibited BVDV E2 protein and viral RNA levels. The interaction between XN and IFN-alpha was significant (P<0.001). XN at 3.13 microg/ml in combination with IFN-alpha at 50 IU/ml showed greater inhibitory effect on the viral RNA level than each compound used alone at 6.25 microg/ml and 100 IU/ml, respectively, indicating synergistic effect on BVDV replication in this combination. The inhibitory activity in all the tested combinations of XN and IFN-alpha was stronger than that of each compound used alone at the corresponding concentration. These results suggest that XN in combination with IFN-alpha exhibited a greater in vitro antiviral effect compared with each compound used alone. Further studies are deserved to investigate the anti-HCV activity of XN and the potential of XN in formulating novel anti-HCV regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
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Chezal JM, Paeshuyse J, Gaumet V, Canitrot D, Maisonial A, Lartigue C, Gueiffier A, Moreau E, Teulade JC, Chavignon O, Neyts J. Synthesis and antiviral activity of an imidazo[1,2-a]pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine series against the bovine viral diarrhea virus. Eur J Med Chem 2010; 45:2044-7. [PMID: 20149501 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2010.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2009] [Revised: 01/07/2010] [Accepted: 01/11/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
A series of imidazo[1,2-a]pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridines has been prepared and evaluated for their anti-BVDV activities in MDBK cells. From the synthesized analogues bearing modifications of the substituents at positions 2, 3, 7 and 8, compounds 10a, b, 16, 24, 25 and 26 exhibited significant anti-BVDV activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Michel Chezal
- Clermont Université, University Clermont 1, EA 4231, Clermont-Ferrand F-63001, France.
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Zhang N, Liu Z, Han Q, Chen J, Lou S, Qiu J, Zhang G. Inhibition of bovine viral diarrhea virus in vitro by xanthohumol: Comparisons with ribavirin and interferon-α and implications for the development of anti-hepatitis C virus agents. Eur J Pharm Sci 2009; 38:332-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2009.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2009] [Revised: 07/05/2009] [Accepted: 08/21/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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21
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Abstract
Despite improvements to treatments for HCV infection, almost half of patients cannot be cured with standard combination therapy (pegylated interferon alpha and ribavirin). The HCV life cycle offers a number of potential targets for molecular therapy, and several specifically targeted antiviral therapies for HCV (STAT-Cs) are in preclinical and clinical stages of development. Evidence to date suggests that monotherapy with any antiviral drug is unlikely to eradicate HCV infection. Combination therapy with interferon and ribavirin is necessary for the augmentation of antiviral drug activity and/or prevention of drug resistance. Results from clinical trials carried out in the past few years on STAT-C agents in combination with standard therapy with peginterferon and ribavirin provide great promise of higher rates of sustained virological response and, potentially, shorter duration of therapy than standard therapy alone achieves. Although pegylated interferon and ribavirin are likely to remain a cornerstone of therapeutic regimens in the short term, combinations of antiviral drugs of different classes, possibly along with novel agents that target host factors and modulate viral replication or augment antiviral defenses, offer the eventual possibility of interferon-free regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arema A Pereira
- Weill Cornell Medical College, Center for the Study of Hepatitis C, New York, NY 10021, USA
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22
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Efferth T, Romero MR, Wolf DG, Stamminger T, Marin JJG, Marschall M. The antiviral activities of artemisinin and artesunate. Clin Infect Dis 2009; 47:804-11. [PMID: 18699744 DOI: 10.1086/591195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 327] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine commands a unique position among all traditional medicines because of its 5000 years of history. Our own interest in natural products from traditional Chinese medicine was triggered in the 1990s, by artemisinin-type sesquiterpene lactones from Artemisia annua L. As demonstrated in recent years, this class of compounds has activity against malaria, cancer cells, and schistosomiasis. Interestingly, the bioactivity of artemisinin and its semisynthetic derivative artesunate is even broader and includes the inhibition of certain viruses, such as human cytomegalovirus and other members of the Herpesviridae family (e.g., herpes simplex virus type 1 and Epstein-Barr virus), hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, and bovine viral diarrhea virus. Analysis of the complete profile of the pharmacological activities and molecular modes of action of artemisinin and artesunate and their performance in clinical trials will further elucidate the full antimicrobial potential of these versatile pharmacological tools from nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Efferth
- German Cancer Research Center, Pharmaceutical Biology, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg, Germany.
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A pyrazolotriazolopyrimidinamine inhibitor of bovine viral diarrhea virus replication that targets the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. Antiviral Res 2009; 82:141-7. [PMID: 19428605 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2009.02.192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2008] [Revised: 02/16/2009] [Accepted: 02/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
[7-[3-(1,3-Benzodioxol-5-yl)propyl]-2-(2-furyl)-7H-pyrazolo[4,3-e][1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-c]pyrimidin-5-amine] (LZ37) was identified as a selective inhibitor of in vitro bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) replication. The EC(50) values for inhibition of BVDV-induced cytopathic effect (CPE) formation, viral RNA synthesis and production of infectious virus were 4.3+/-0.7microM, 12.9+/-1microM and 5.8+/-0.6microM, respectively. LZ37 proved inactive against the hepatitis C virus and the flavivirus yellow fever. LZ37 inhibits BVDV replication at a time point that coincides with the onset of intracellular viral RNA synthesis. Drug-resistant mutants carried the F224Y mutation in the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). LZ37 showed cross-resistance with the imidazopyrrolopyridine AG110 [which selects for the E291G drug resistance mutation] as well as with the imidazopyridine BPIP [which selects for the F224S drug-resistant mutation]. LZ37 did not inhibit the in vitro activity of purified recombinant BVDV RdRp. Molecular modelling revealed that F224 is located near the tip of the finger domain of the RdRp. Docking of LZ37 in the crystal structure of the BVDV RdRp revealed several potential contacts including: (i) hydrophobic contacts of LZ37 with A221, A222, G223, F224 and A392; (ii) a stacking interaction between F224 side chain and the ring system of LZ37 and (iii) a hydrogen bond between the amino function of LZ37 and the O backbone atom of A392. It is concluded that LZ37 interacts with the same binding site as BPIP or VP32947 at the top of the finger domain of the polymerase that is a "hot spot" for inhibition of pestivirus replication.
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24
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Aguilar M, Gloster TM, García-Moreno MI, Ortiz Mellet C, Davies GJ, Llebaria A, Casas J, Egido-Gabás M, García Fernandez JM. Molecular Basis for β-Glucosidase Inhibition by Ring-Modified Calystegine Analogues. Chembiochem 2008; 9:2612-8. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200800451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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25
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Abstract
Chronic hepatitis B and C affect approximately 500 million people in the world, with substantial disease burden including liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. For chronic hepatitis B, two treatment strategies are currently available, both with suboptimal response and significant side effects. Promising new drugs are approaching the stage of approval; however, these agents still need further development to control this disease. Based on the understanding of the hepatitis C virus life cycle, new treatment developments for chronic hepatitis C tend to succeed rapidly; therefore, it is only a matter of time before new therapies emerge. This review summarizes the most important new agents available for treatment of chronic hepatitis B and C.
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26
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Birk AV, Dubovi EJ, Zhang X, Szeto HH. Antiviral activity of geneticin against bovine viral diarrhoea virus. Antivir Chem Chemother 2008; 19:33-40. [PMID: 18610556 DOI: 10.1177/095632020801900105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aminoglycoside G418 is commonly used to generate stable replicons for RNA viruses, such as hepatitis C virus, West Nile virus, and bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV). This precludes testing 6418's own antiviral activities against those viruses. Here, we report antiviral activity of 6418 against BVDV. METHODS Cell viability and virus yield reduction assays were used to investigate antiviral effects of G418 against BVDV. The expression of viral proteins and RNA were determined by western blot and real-time quantitive PCR, respectively. RESULTS We demonstrated that G418 (50% cytotoxicity concentration of 400 microg/ml) improved cell viability of Madin-Darby bovine kidney cells infected with a cytopathic strain of BVDV (NADL) in a dose-dependent manner with 50% effective concentration of 4 microg/ml. Interestingly, close structural analogues with known properties as translation inhibitors similar to G418 - kanamycin and gentamicin - had no antiviral activity against BVDV. In addition, 6418 inhibits virus yield of two different strains of BVDV (NADL and NY-1) without affecting viral RNA replication and translation or viral NS3 protein processing. CONCLUSION Our data indicate that antiviral activity of G418 could result from interference with either the assembly or release of active virus, rather than the regulation of viral translation and replication. Thus, we propose the use of chemical analogues of G418 as antiviral therapeutics for treatment of viral diseases associated with the Flaviviridae family, such as hepatitis C virus, dengue virus, yellow fever virus, West Nile virus and others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander V Birk
- Institute of Hepatitis and Viral Research, Doylestown, PA 18902, USA.
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27
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Iminosugars in combination with interferon and ribavirin permanently eradicate noncytopathic bovine viral diarrhea virus from persistently infected cells. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2008; 52:1820-8. [PMID: 18316522 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01181-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We evaluated interferon (IFN) and ribavirin (RBV) as dual therapy and as part of triple-combination therapies with the iminosugars N-butyl-deoxynojirimycin (NB-DNJ), N-nonyl-deoxynojirimycin, and N-7-oxanonyl-6-deoxymethyl-galactonojirimycin. The ability of these compounds to clear bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), a surrogate model for hepatitis C virus (HCV), from a persistently infected Madin-Darby bovine kidney cells cell line was determined by monitoring the secretion of viral RNA and the infectivity of secreted virions. In the BVDV system, after treatment with IFN-RBV alone, viral rebound was observed immediately after removal of the drugs. In contrast, we demonstrate that a triple drug combination of IFN, RBV, and an iminosugar eradicated the BVDV infection in a time- and a dose-dependent manner, leading to sustained viral clearance. Importantly, in the case of NB-DNJ, the sustained viral clearance was achieved by using physiologically relevant and tolerated drug concentrations. Therefore, the use of a triple-combination therapy that includes an iminosugar may prove to be of greater therapeutic value for the treatment of HCV infection than the use of IFN-RBV alone.
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28
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Aguilar M, Díaz-Pérez P, García-Moreno MI, Carmen Ortiz Mellet,* and, García Fernández JM. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Guanidine-Type Iminosugars. J Org Chem 2008; 73:1995-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jo702374f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matilde Aguilar
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, Profesor García González 1, E-41012 Sevilla, Spain, and Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas, CSIC - Universidad de Sevilla, Américo Vespucio 49, Isla de la Cartuja, E-41092 Sevilla, Spain %;
| | - Paula Díaz-Pérez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, Profesor García González 1, E-41012 Sevilla, Spain, and Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas, CSIC - Universidad de Sevilla, Américo Vespucio 49, Isla de la Cartuja, E-41092 Sevilla, Spain %;
| | - M. Isabel García-Moreno
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, Profesor García González 1, E-41012 Sevilla, Spain, and Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas, CSIC - Universidad de Sevilla, Américo Vespucio 49, Isla de la Cartuja, E-41092 Sevilla, Spain %;
| | - Carmen Ortiz Mellet,* and
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, Profesor García González 1, E-41012 Sevilla, Spain, and Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas, CSIC - Universidad de Sevilla, Américo Vespucio 49, Isla de la Cartuja, E-41092 Sevilla, Spain %;
| | - José M. García Fernández
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, Profesor García González 1, E-41012 Sevilla, Spain, and Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas, CSIC - Universidad de Sevilla, Américo Vespucio 49, Isla de la Cartuja, E-41092 Sevilla, Spain %;
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Cipolla L, Fernandes MR, Gregori M, Airoldi C, Nicotra F. Synthesis and biological evaluation of a small library of nojirimycin-derived bicyclic iminosugars. Carbohydr Res 2007; 342:1813-30. [PMID: 17477911 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2007.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2007] [Revised: 04/04/2007] [Accepted: 04/09/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Novel nojirimycin-derived bicyclic structures, containing cyclic carbamate, urea and guanidine moieties have been synthesised starting from suitably protected alpha-C-vinylnojirimycin and alpha-C-allylnojirimycin, respectively, and their biological activity against different glycosidases and as antibacterial agents tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Cipolla
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, P.za della Scienza 2, 20126 Milano, Italy.
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30
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Paeshuyse J, Chezal JM, Froeyen M, Leyssen P, Dutartre H, Vrancken R, Canard B, Letellier C, Li T, Mittendorfer H, Koenen F, Kerkhofs P, De Clercq E, Herdewijn P, Puerstinger G, Gueiffier A, Chavignon O, Teulade JC, Neyts J. The imidazopyrrolopyridine analogue AG110 is a novel, highly selective inhibitor of pestiviruses that targets the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase at a hot spot for inhibition of viral replication. J Virol 2007; 81:11046-53. [PMID: 17686854 PMCID: PMC2045526 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00388-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ethyl 2-methylimidazo[1,2-a]pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridin-8-carboxylate (AG110) was identified as a potent inhibitor of pestivirus replication. The 50% effective concentration values for inhibition of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV)-induced cytopathic effect, viral RNA synthesis, and production of infectious virus were 1.2 +/- 0.5 microM, 5 +/- 1 microM, and 2.3 +/- 0.3 microM, respectively. AG110 proved inactive against the hepatitis C virus and a flavivirus. AG110 inhibits BVDV replication at a time point that coincides with the onset of intracellular viral RNA synthesis. Drug-resistant mutants carry the E291G mutation in the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). AG110-resistant virus is cross-resistant to the cyclic urea compound 1453 which also selects for the E291G drug resistance mutation. Moreover, BVDV that carries the F224S mutation (because of resistance to the imidazopyridine 5-[(4-bromophenyl)methyl]-2-phenyl-5H-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridine [BPIP]and VP32947) is also resistant to AG110. AG110 did not inhibit the in vitro activity of recombinant BVDV RdRp but inhibited the activity of BVDV replication complexes (RCs). Molecular modeling revealed that E291 is located in a small cavity near the tip of the finger domain of the RdRp about 7 A away from F224. Docking of AG110 in the crystal structure of the BVDV RdRp revealed several potential contacts including with Y257. The E291G mutation might enable the free rotation of Y257, which might in turn destabilize the backbone of the loop formed by residues 223 to 226, rendering more mobility to F224 and, hence, reducing the affinity for BPIP and VP32947. It is concluded that a single drug-binding pocket exists within the finger domain region of the BVDV RdRp that consists of two separate but potentially overlapping binding sites rather than two distinct drug-binding pockets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Paeshuyse
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Minderbroedersstraat 10, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
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31
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Caines M, Hancock S, Tarling C, Wrodnigg T, Stick R, Stütz A, Vasella A, Withers S, Strynadka N. The Structural Basis of Glycosidase Inhibition by Five-Membered Iminocyclitols: The Clan A Glycoside Hydrolase Endoglycoceramidase as a Model System. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200700268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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32
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Caines MEC, Hancock SM, Tarling CA, Wrodnigg TM, Stick RV, Stütz AE, Vasella A, Withers SG, Strynadka NCJ. The Structural Basis of Glycosidase Inhibition by Five-Membered Iminocyclitols: The Clan A Glycoside Hydrolase Endoglycoceramidase as a Model System. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007; 46:4474-6. [PMID: 17487923 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200700268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew E C Caines
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
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33
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Moriarty RM, Mitan CI, Branza-Nichita N, Phares KR, Parrish D. exo-Imino to endo-iminocyclitol rearrangement. A general route to five-membered antiviral azasugars. Org Lett 2007; 8:3465-7. [PMID: 16869636 DOI: 10.1021/ol061071r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A facile synthesis is reported for five-membered iminocyclitols which allows for variation in stereochemistry at all the chiral centers, diverse C1- and N-substitution, and the potential for a three-component combinatorial process. The key step is inversion at the C4 stereocenter (L-lyxo sugar --> D-ribono azasugar). The exo-imino to endo-iminocyclitol process was extended to the D-lyxo and the D- and L-hexose series. Some analogues were found to be more potent than N-butyl DNJ and N-nonyl DNJ in antiviral activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M Moriarty
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Chemistry, Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA.
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34
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Pawlotsky JM, Chevaliez S, McHutchison JG. The hepatitis C virus life cycle as a target for new antiviral therapies. Gastroenterology 2007; 132:1979-98. [PMID: 17484890 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2007.03.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2007] [Accepted: 03/23/2007] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The burden of disease consequent to hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection has been well described and is expected to increase dramatically over the next decade. Current approved antiviral therapies are effective in eradicating the virus in approximately 50% of infected patients. However, pegylated interferon and ribavirin-based therapy is costly, prolonged, associated with significant adverse effects, and not deemed suitable for many HCV-infected patients. As such, there is a clear and pressing need for the development of additional agents that act through alternate or different mechanisms, in the hope that such regimens could lead to enhanced response rates more broadly applicable to patients with hepatitis C infection. Recent basic science enhancements in HCV cell culture systems and replication assays have led to a broadening of our understanding of many of the mechanisms of HCV replication and, therefore, potential novel antiviral targets. In this article, we have attempted to highlight important new information as it relates to our understanding of the HCV life cycle. These steps broadly encompass viral attachment, entry, and fusion; viral RNA translation; posttranslational processing; HCV replication; and viral assembly and release. In each of these areas, we present up-to-date knowledge of the relevant aspects of that component of the viral life cycle and then describe the preclinical and clinical development targets and pathways being explored in the translational and clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Michel Pawlotsky
- French National Reference Center for Viral Hepatitis B, C, and delta, Department of Virology, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Université Paris 12, Créteil, France.
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35
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Abstract
The replacement of the oxygen-containing ring (pyranose, furanose) of monosaccharides by a nitrogen-containing ring (pyrrolidine, piperidine) leads to a particularly interesting class of glycomimetics: iminosugars. The first synthesis of such a sugar analog by Prof. H. Paulsen in 1966 (5-amino-5-deoxy-D-glucose) was followed by the discovery in Japan, a few months later, of the same compound from bacterial extracts by S. Inouye. The compound was named nojirimycin. Whereas this compound was shown in 1966 to exhibit modest antibiotic activities, the properties of iminosugars as powerful glycosidase inhibitors were discovered only many years later (1976) by chemists at Bayer. Since then, these compounds have been extensively studied and other biological properties have been discovered: inhibition of glycosyltransferases, of glycogen phosphorylase, of purine nucleoside phosphorylases, etc. The first therapeutic agent of this family is Miglitol, a drug that is used to modulate sugar absorption in the case of non-insulin-dependent diabetes; a second iminosugar has been recently put on the market, N-butyl-1-deoxynojirimycin, under the trade name Zavesca, for the treatment of lysosomal diseases (Gaucher disease in particular). Other therapeutic applications are under investigations, for example for the treatment of certain forms of cancer, of Fabry disease and viral infections (hepatitis B).
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Affiliation(s)
- O Martin
- ICOA, Cnrs & Université d'Orléans, BP 6759, F 45067 Orléans Cedex.
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36
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Paeshuyse J, Leyssen P, Mabery E, Boddeker N, Vrancken R, Froeyen M, Ansari IH, Dutartre H, Rozenski J, Gil LHVG, Letellier C, Lanford R, Canard B, Koenen F, Kerkhofs P, Donis RO, Herdewijn P, Watson J, De Clercq E, Puerstinger G, Neyts J. A novel, highly selective inhibitor of pestivirus replication that targets the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. J Virol 2007; 80:149-60. [PMID: 16352539 PMCID: PMC1317535 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.80.1.149-160.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We report on the highly potent and selective antipestivirus activity of 5-[(4-bromophenyl)methyl]-2-phenyl-5H-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridine (BPIP). The 50% effective concentration (EC50) for inhibition of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV)-induced cytopathic effect formation was 0.04 +/- 0.01 microM. Comparable reduction of viral RNA synthesis (EC50 = 0.12 +/- 0.02 microM) and production of infectious virus (EC50= 0.074 +/- 0.003 microM) were observed. The selectivity index (ratio of 50% cytostatic concentration/EC50) of BPIP was approximately 2,000. BPIP was inactive against the hepatitis C virus subgenomic replicon and yellow fever virus but demonstrated weak activity against GB virus. Drug-resistant mutants were at least 300-fold less susceptible to BPIP than wild-type virus; showed cross-resistance to N-propyl-N-[2-(2H-1,2,4-triazino[5,6-b]indol-3-ylthio)ethyl]-1-propanamine (VP32947), and carried the F224S mutation in the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). When the F224S mutation was introduced into an infectious clone, the drug-resistant phenotype was obtained. BPIP did not inhibit the in vitro activity of recombinant BVDV RdRp, but did inhibit the activity of replication complexes (RCs). Computational docking revealed that F224 is located at the top of the finger domain of the polymerase. Docking of BPIP in the crystal structure of the BVDV RdRp revealed aromatic ring stacking, some hydrophobic contacts, and a hydrogen bond. Since two structurally unrelated compounds, i.e., BPIP and VP32947, target the same region of the BVDV RdRp, this position may be expected to be critical in the functioning of the polymerase or assembly of the RC. The potential of BPIP for the treatment of pestivirus and hepacivirus infections is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Paeshuyse
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Minderbroedersstraat 10, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
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La Ferla B, Bugada P, Nicotra F. Synthesis of the Dimethyl Ester of 1‐Deoxy‐l‐Idonojirimycin‐1‐Methylenphosphonate: A New Approach to Iminosugar Phosphonates. J Carbohydr Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/07328300600731990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara La Ferla
- a Department of Biotechnology and Bioscience , University of Milano Bicocca , Milano, Italy
| | - Piergiuliano Bugada
- a Department of Biotechnology and Bioscience , University of Milano Bicocca , Milano, Italy
| | - Francesco Nicotra
- a Department of Biotechnology and Bioscience , University of Milano Bicocca , Milano, Italy
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38
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Puerstinger G, Paeshuyse J, Herdewijn P, Rozenski J, De Clercq E, Neyts J. Substituted 5-benzyl-2-phenyl-5H-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridines: a new class of pestivirus inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2006; 16:5345-9. [PMID: 16901692 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.07.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2006] [Revised: 07/23/2006] [Accepted: 07/25/2006] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
A novel class of inhibitors of pestiviruses (5-substituted 2-phenyl-5H-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridines) is described. Modification of the substituent in position 5 resulted in analogues with high activity (EC(50)<100nM) and selectivity (SI>1000) against the pestivirus BVDV (bovine viral diarrhea virus).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerhard Puerstinger
- Institut für Pharmazie, Abteilung Pharmazeutische Chemie, Universität Innsbruck, Innrain 52a, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
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39
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Schweizer M, Mätzener P, Pfaffen G, Stalder H, Peterhans E. "Self" and "nonself" manipulation of interferon defense during persistent infection: bovine viral diarrhea virus resists alpha/beta interferon without blocking antiviral activity against unrelated viruses replicating in its host cells. J Virol 2006; 80:6926-35. [PMID: 16809298 PMCID: PMC1489018 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02443-05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2005] [Accepted: 04/27/2006] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), together with Classical swine fever virus (CSFV) and Border disease virus (BDV) of sheep, belongs to the genus Pestivirus of the Flaviviridae. BVDV is either cytopathic (cp) or noncytopathic (ncp), as defined by its effect on cultured cells. Infection of pregnant animals with the ncp biotype may lead to the birth of persistently infected calves that are immunotolerant to the infecting viral strain. In addition to evading the adaptive immune system, BVDV evades key mechanisms of innate immunity. Previously, we showed that ncp BVDV inhibits the induction of apoptosis and alpha/beta interferon (IFN-alpha/beta) synthesis by double-stranded RNA (dsRNA). Here, we report that (i) both ncp and cp BVDV block the induction by dsRNA of the Mx protein (which can also be induced in the absence of IFN signaling); (ii) neither biotype blocks the activity of IFN; and (iii) once infection is established, BVDV is largely resistant to the activity of IFN-alpha/beta but (iv) does not interfere with the establishment of an antiviral state induced by IFN-alpha/beta against unrelated viruses. The results of our study suggest that, in persistent infection, BVDV is able to evade a central element of innate immunity directed against itself without generally compromising its activity against unrelated viruses ("nonself") that may replicate in cells infected with ncp BVDV. This highly selective "self" and "nonself" model of evasion of the interferon defense system may be a key element in the success of persistent infection in addition to immunotolerance initiated by the early time point of fetal infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Schweizer
- Institute of Veterinary Virology, University of Bern, Laenggass-Str. 122, P.O. Box, CH-3001 Bern, Switzerland.
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40
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Chapel C, Garcia C, Roingeard P, Zitzmann N, Dubuisson J, Dwek RA, Trépo C, Zoulim F, Durantel D. Antiviral effect of alpha-glucosidase inhibitors on viral morphogenesis and binding properties of hepatitis C virus-like particles. J Gen Virol 2006; 87:861-871. [PMID: 16528036 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.81503-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections are a major public-health concern. New antiviral drugs are needed urgently to complement and improve the efficacy of current chemotherapies. The morphogenesis of HCV represents an interesting, and still unexploited, novel molecular target. alpha-Glucosidase inhibitors derived from the glucose analogue deoxynojirimycin (DNJ) inhibit viral morphogenesis in cellulo via perturbation of the N-glycosylation pathway and hence the misfolding of viral glycoproteins that depend on certain N-glycans for correct folding. Due to the heavy N-glycosylation of HCV glycoproteins, it was hypothesized that such inhibitors would also affect HCV morphogenesis. To study the effect of alpha-glucosidase inhibitors on viral morphogenesis and binding properties, HCV virus-like particles (VLPs) were produced by using baculovirus loaded with HCV structural-protein genes. Here, it is demonstrated that, in the presence of these alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, viral glycoproteins synthesized and retained in the endoplasmic reticulum (i) contain unprocessed, triglucosylated N-glycans, (ii) are impaired in their interaction with calnexin and (iii) are at least partially misfolded. Moreover, it is shown that, although the production of VLPs is not affected by alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, these VLPs contain unprocessed, triglucosylated N-glycans and potentially misfolded glycoproteins. Finally, it is demonstrated that VLPs produced in the presence of alpha-glucosidase inhibitors have impaired binding properties to hepatoma cells. The inhibitors of morphogenesis studied here target steps of the HCV viral cycle that may prevent or delay viral resistance. These alpha-glucosidase inhibitors may prove to be useful molecules to fight HCV infection in combination protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Chapel
- INSERM U271, Laboratoire des Virus Hépatiques et Pathologies Associées, 151 cours Albert Thomas, 69424 Lyon Cedex 03, France
| | - Céline Garcia
- INSERM U271, Laboratoire des Virus Hépatiques et Pathologies Associées, 151 cours Albert Thomas, 69424 Lyon Cedex 03, France
| | | | - Nicole Zitzmann
- Glycobiology Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jean Dubuisson
- CNRS-UPR2511, Institut de Biologie de Lille et Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Raymond A Dwek
- Glycobiology Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Christian Trépo
- INSERM U271, Laboratoire des Virus Hépatiques et Pathologies Associées, 151 cours Albert Thomas, 69424 Lyon Cedex 03, France
| | - Fabien Zoulim
- INSERM U271, Laboratoire des Virus Hépatiques et Pathologies Associées, 151 cours Albert Thomas, 69424 Lyon Cedex 03, France
| | - David Durantel
- INSERM U271, Laboratoire des Virus Hépatiques et Pathologies Associées, 151 cours Albert Thomas, 69424 Lyon Cedex 03, France
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41
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Tabarrini O, Manfroni G, Fravolini A, Cecchetti V, Sabatini S, De Clercq E, Rozenski J, Canard B, Dutartre H, Paeshuyse J, Neyts J. Synthesis and Anti-BVDV Activity of Acridones As New Potential Antiviral Agents. J Med Chem 2006; 49:2621-7. [PMID: 16610805 DOI: 10.1021/jm051250z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
In this study we report the design, synthesis, and activity against bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) of a novel series of acridone derivatives. BVDV is responsible for major losses in cattle. The virus is also considered to be a valuable surrogate for the hepatitis C virus (HCV) in antiviral drug studies. Some of the synthesized acridones elicited selective anti-BVDV activity with EC(50) values ranging from 0.4 to 4 microg/mL and were not cytotoxic at concentrations that were 25- to 200-fold higher (CC(50) >100 microg/mL). It was proven that the most potent acridone derivative 10 was able to not only protect cells from virus-induced cytopathic effect but also reduce the production of infectious virus and extracellular viral RNA. Furthermore, compound 10, as well as a number of other analogues, inhibited HCV replication to some extent. However, there was no direct correlation between anti-BVDV and anti-HCV activity. Thus, the acridone scaffold, when appropriately functionalized, can yield compounds with selective activity against pestiviruses and related viruses such as the HCV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oriana Tabarrini
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy.
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42
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Liang P, Cheng W, Lee Y, Yu H, Wu Y, Lin Y, Wong C. Novel five-membered iminocyclitol derivatives as selective and potent glycosidase inhibitors: new structures for antivirals and osteoarthritis. Chembiochem 2006; 7:165-73. [PMID: 16397876 PMCID: PMC7161998 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200500321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2005] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A novel 5-membered iminocyclitol derivative was found to be a potent and selective inhibitor of the glycoprotein-processing alpha-glucosidase with a Ki value of 53 nM. This compound was further derivatized to antiviral agents against Japanese encephalitis virus, dengue virus serotype 2 (DEN-2), human SARS coronavirus, and human beta-hexosaminidase (Ki = 2.6 nM), a new target for the development of osteoarthritis therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pi‐Hui Liang
- The Genomics Research Center and Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Academia Road Sec. 2, Nankang District, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan, Fax: (+886) 2‐2785‐8847
| | - Wei‐Chieh Cheng
- The Genomics Research Center and Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Academia Road Sec. 2, Nankang District, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan, Fax: (+886) 2‐2785‐8847
| | - Yi‐Ling Lee
- The Genomics Research Center and Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Academia Road Sec. 2, Nankang District, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan, Fax: (+886) 2‐2785‐8847
| | - Han‐Pang Yu
- The Genomics Research Center and Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Academia Road Sec. 2, Nankang District, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan, Fax: (+886) 2‐2785‐8847
| | - Ying‐Ta Wu
- The Genomics Research Center and Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Academia Road Sec. 2, Nankang District, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan, Fax: (+886) 2‐2785‐8847
| | - Yi‐Ling Lin
- The Genomics Research Center and Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Academia Road Sec. 2, Nankang District, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan, Fax: (+886) 2‐2785‐8847
| | - Chi‐Huey Wong
- The Genomics Research Center and Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Academia Road Sec. 2, Nankang District, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan, Fax: (+886) 2‐2785‐8847
- Department of Chemistry and Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA, Fax: (+1) 858‐784‐2409
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43
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Escuret V, Aucagne V, Joubert N, Durantel D, Rapp KL, Schinazi RF, Zoulim F, Agrofoglio LA. Synthesis of 5-haloethynyl- and 5-(1,2-dihalo)vinyluracil nucleosides: antiviral activity and cellular toxicity. Bioorg Med Chem 2005; 13:6015-24. [PMID: 16023859 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2005.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2005] [Revised: 06/06/2005] [Accepted: 06/10/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
In this article, we report the synthesis of hitherto unknown 5-haloethynyl and 5-(1,2-dihalo)vinyluracil nucleosides in the 2'-deoxy, 3'-deoxy- and ribosyl series, and we discuss their in vitro anti-HIV and anti-HCV activities and cellular toxicitites. As a result, on the basis of their selectivity index (SI) obtained with the HCV replicon system, but also on their cytotoxicity on peripheral blood mononuclear, CEM and VERO cell lines, the best compounds were the 5-bromoethynyluridine (SI = 3.2) and the 5-(1-chloro-2-iodo)vinyluridine (SI > 2.8).
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Escuret
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique, ICOA UMR 6005, UFR Sciences, BP 6759, 45067 Orléans Cedex 2, France
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44
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Pavlovic D, Fischer W, Hussey M, Durantel D, Durantel S, Branza-Nichita N, Woodhouse S, Dwek RA, Zitzmann N. Long alkylchain iminosugars block the HCV p7 ion channel. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2005; 564:3-4. [PMID: 16400798 DOI: 10.1007/0-387-25515-x_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- D Pavlovic
- Oxford Glycobiology Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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45
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Segraves NL, Crews P. A Madagascar Sponge Batzella sp. as a source of alkylated iminosugars. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2005; 68:118-121. [PMID: 15679333 DOI: 10.1021/np049763g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Three new C-alkylated iminosugars, batzellasides A (3), B (4), and C (5), along with the known halitoxin (2) polymer were isolated from a Batzella sp. sponge, collected off the west coast of Madagascar. Although this class of azasugars is well known from terrestrial sources, our report represents the first examples of iminosugars from a marine organism. Comparison with the properties of known natural and synthetic iminosugars assisted in the structure determinations. Compounds 3-5 inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus epidermidis with MICs of < or =6.3 microg/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel L Segraves
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute of Marine Sciences, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
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46
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Al-Masoudi NA, Al-Masoudi IA, Ali IAI, Saeed B, Colla PL. Amino acid derivatives, part 3: New peptide and glycopeptide derivatives conjugated naphthalene. Synthesis, antitumor, anti-HIV, and BVDV evaluation. HETEROATOM CHEMISTRY 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/hc.20149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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