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Surur AK, de Oliveira AB, De Annunzio SR, Ferrisse TM, Fontana CR. Bacterial resistance to antimicrobial photodynamic therapy: A critical update. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2024; 255:112905. [PMID: 38703452 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2024.112905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Bacterial antibiotic resistance is one of the most significant challenges for public health. The increase in bacterial resistance, mainly due to microorganisms harmful to health, and the need to search for alternative treatments to contain infections that cannot be treated by conventional antibiotic therapy has been aroused. An alternative widely studied in recent decades is antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT), a treatment that can eliminate microorganisms through oxidative stress. Although this therapy has shown satisfactory results in infection control, it is still controversial in the scientific community whether bacteria manage to develop resistance after successive applications of aPDT. Thus, this work provides an overview of the articles that performed successive aPDT applications in models using bacteria published since 2010, focusing on sublethal dose cycles, highlighting the main PSs tested, and addressing the possible mechanisms for developing tolerance or resistance to aPDT, such as efflux pumps, biofilm formation, OxyR and SoxRS systems, catalase and superoxide dismutase enzymes and quorum sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Koberstain Surur
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Clinical Analysis, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Analú Barros de Oliveira
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Sarah Raquel De Annunzio
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Clinical Analysis, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Túlio Morandin Ferrisse
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Carla Raquel Fontana
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Clinical Analysis, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Dahshan NA, Abu-Dahab R, Khalil EA, Al-Bakri AG. Bactericidal effect of Iberin combined with photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy against Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm cultured on ex vivo wound model. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2023; 44:103841. [PMID: 37832710 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2023.103841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Wounds infected by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) biofilms are characterized by poor healing and by being long lasting. Pyocyanin and pyoverdine are exotoxins that contribute to P. aeruginosa pathogenicity in wound infections and are known as virulence factors. Despite the usefulness of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (PDT) in the management of wound infections, biofilms are hurdle for microbial photoinactivation. Quorum sensing (QS) is a cell density-dependent chemical signaling system P. aeruginosa uses to regulate biofilm formation and virulence factors production. In the current study, QS attenuation was used in combination with PDT against P. aeruginosa biofilm cultured on skin explant. Iberin is a QS inhibitor that attenuates P. aeruginosa virulence and affects biofilm integrity. The antibiofilm and QS inhibitory activities of iberin in combination with either riboflavin or 5,10,15,20-Tetrakis(1-methyl-4-pyridinio) porphyrin tetra p-toluenesulfonate (TMP) mediated PDT were investigated using viable count method and pyocyanin and pyoverdine assays, respectively. No bactericidal activity was reported when iberin was added to a mature biofilm (24 h) followed by PDT. When added to a growing biofilm at multiple time points (0 h, 24 h and 48 h), iberin inhibited P. aeruginosa biofilm QS signaling system. This inhibitory effect resulted in an observable decrease in the levels of the QS-regulated virulence factors, pyocyanin and pyoverdine, without any effect on the growth of the biofilm cultures. These changes in biofilm virulence were associated with a decrease in biofilm resistance to PDT and caused bactericidal effect upon photosensitizers treatment and irradiation. Iberin-treated-riboflavin-mediated PDT resulted in a significant 1.3 log reduction in biofilm population. Similarly, iberin-treated-TMP-mediated PDT caused a significant 1.8 log reduction in biofilm population. The combination of QS inhibitor with PDT is a promising alternative antimicrobial therapy for the management of biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisreen A Dahshan
- Department of Applied Pharmaceutical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Isra University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Rana Abu-Dahab
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Enam A Khalil
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Amal G Al-Bakri
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.
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Kolarikova M, Hosikova B, Dilenko H, Barton-Tomankova K, Valkova L, Bajgar R, Malina L, Kolarova H. Photodynamic therapy: Innovative approaches for antibacterial and anticancer treatments. Med Res Rev 2023. [PMID: 36757198 DOI: 10.1002/med.21935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy is an alternative treatment mainly for cancer but also for bacterial infections. This treatment dates back to 1900 when a German medical school graduate Oscar Raab found a photodynamic effect while doing research for his doctoral dissertation with Professor Hermann von Tappeiner. Unexpectedly, Raab revealed that the toxicity of acridine on paramecium depends on the intensity of light in his laboratory. Photodynamic therapy is therefore based on the administration of a photosensitizer with subsequent light irradiation within the absorption maxima of this substance followed by reactive oxygen species formation and finally cell death. Although this treatment is not a novelty, there is an endeavor for various modifications to the therapy. For example, selectivity and efficiency of the photosensitizer, as well as irradiation with various types of light sources are still being modified to improve final results of the photodynamic therapy. The main aim of this review is to summarize anticancer and antibacterial modifications, namely various compounds, approaches, and techniques, to enhance the effectiveness of photodynamic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marketa Kolarikova
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Hosikova
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Hanna Dilenko
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Katerina Barton-Tomankova
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Valkova
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Robert Bajgar
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Lukas Malina
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Kolarova
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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Dias LM, Klein MI, Ferrisse TM, Medeiros KS, Jordão CC, Bellini A, Pavarina AC. The Effect of Sub-Lethal Successive Applications of Photodynamic Therapy on Candida albicans Biofilm Depends on the Photosensitizer. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:jof9010111. [PMID: 36675932 PMCID: PMC9861309 DOI: 10.3390/jof9010111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the potential of successive applications of sub-lethal doses of the antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) mediated by Photodithazine® (PDZ) and curcumin (CUR) associated with LED in the viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and gene expression of Candida albicans. The microbial assays were performed using planktonic cultures and biofilms. Ten successive applications (Apl#) were performed: aPDT (P+L+; C+L+), photosensitizer (P+L-; C+L-), and LED (P-L+; C-L+). Control groups were used (P-L-; C-L-). The viability of C. albicans was determined by cultivating treated cultures on agar plates with or without fluconazole (FLU). In addition, the ROS detection and expression of SOD1, CAP1, and ERG11 genes were determined. For planktonic cultures, no viable colonies were observed after Apl#3 (without FLU) and Apl#2 (with FLU) for either photosensitizer. Biofilm treated with P+L+ resulted in the absence of cell viability after Apl#7, while C+L+ showed ~1.40 log10 increase in cell viability after Apl#2, regardless of FLU. For both photosensitizers, after the last application with viable colonies, the production of ROS was higher in the biofilms than in the planktonic cultures, and SOD1 expression was the highest in P+L+. A reduction of CAP1 and ERG11 expression occurred after P+L+, regardless of FLU. C+L+ had a higher level of ROS, and the treatments were non-significant for gene expression. Sub-lethal doses of aPDT mediated by CUR could induce C. albicans resistance in biofilms, while C. albicans cells in biofilms were susceptible to aPDT mediated by PDZ.
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Sotthibandhu DS, Indoung S, Niwasawat H, Chaiboon J, Sungsorn N, Longji NI, Polya K, Noosak C, Schwarz S, Soimala T. The prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility of Staphylococcus spp. on ocular surfaces of fighting bulls ( Bos indicus) in Thailand. Vet World 2022; 15:2922-2928. [PMID: 36718321 PMCID: PMC9880847 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2022.2922-2928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim fighting bulls have a high risk of eye injuries, and opportunistic conjunctival bacterial flora may cause subsequent eye diseases. There is little information about the ocular health care of fighting bulls in Thailand. Thus, this study aimed to estimate the prevalence of Staphylococcus spp. from the eyes of fighting bulls and investigate their antimicrobial susceptibility. Materials and Methods The samples were collected from the right conjunctival sacs of 105 fighting bulls. Biochemical tests and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry were used to identify bacteria to genus and species levels. Antimicrobial susceptibility was tested by agar disk diffusion. Results Staphylococcus spp. (36.84%, 56/152) were the most detected bacteria. The most prevalent Staphylococcus spp. was Staphylococcus chromogenes (37.50%, 21/56). The susceptibility test revealed that all isolates were susceptible to sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (56/56, 100%) and most were susceptible to chloramphenicol and gentamicin (54/56, 96.43%). The highest resistance rates were seen for tetracycline and doxycycline (23.21%, 13/56) followed by erythromycin (19.64%, 11/56). In addition, S. chromogenes isolates were evaluated for their ability to produce biofilms by a quantitative biofilm production assay. A total of 21 isolates exhibited biofilm production, independent of their antimicrobial susceptibility. Three multidrug-resistant isolates were found, including two Staphylococcus epidermidis isolates and a single S. chromogenes isolate. Conclusion As antimicrobial resistant bacteria were detected on the eye surface, veterinarians should always conduct antimicrobial susceptibility testing before using antimicrobial agents. The results from this study will help to improve the standard of eye treatment for fighting bulls in Thailand.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Saowakon Indoung
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Husna Niwasawat
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Jiradchaya Chaiboon
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Nattakan Sungsorn
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Nu-issana Longji
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Kittipol Polya
- Thunderbolt fighting Bull Clinic, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Chayanee Noosak
- Faculty of Medical Technology, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Stefan Schwarz
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Centre for Infection Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany,Veterinary Centre for Resistance Research (TZR), Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Tanawan Soimala
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand,Corresponding author: Tanawan Soimala, e-mail: Co-authors: DSS: , SI: , HN: , JC: , NS: , NL: , KP: , CN: , SS:
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Chug MK, Brisbois EJ. Smartphone compatible nitric oxide releasing insert to prevent catheter-associated infections. J Control Release 2022; 349:227-240. [PMID: 35777483 PMCID: PMC9680949 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.06.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
A large fraction of nosocomial infections is associated with medical devices that are deemed life-threatening in immunocompromised patients. Medical device-related infections are a result of bacterial colonization and biofilm formation on the device surface that affects >1 million people annually in the US alone. Over the past few years, light-based antimicrobial therapy has made substantial advances in tackling microbial colonization. Taking the advantage of light and antibacterial properties of nitric oxide (NO), for the first time, a robust, biocompatible, anti-infective approach to design a universal disposable catheter disinfection insert (DCDI) that can both prevent bacterial adhesion and disinfect indwelling catheters in situ is reported. The DCDI is engineered using a photo-initiated NO donor molecule, incorporated in polymer tubing that is mounted on a side glow fiber optic connected to an LED light source. Using a smartphone application, the NO release from DCDI is photoactivated via white light resulting in tunable physiological levels of NO for up to 24 h. When challenged with microorganisms S. aureus and E. coli, the NO-releasing DCDI statistically reduced microbial attachment by >99% versus the controls with just 4 h of exposure. The DCDI also eradicated ∼97% of pre-colonized bacteria on the CVC catheter model demonstrating the ability to exterminate an established catheter infection. The smart, mobile-operated novel universal antibacterial device can be used to both prevent catheter infections or can be inserted within an infected catheter to eradicate the bacteria without complex surgical interventions. The therapeutic levels of NO generated via illuminating fiber optics can be the next-generation biocompatible solution for catheter-related bloodstream infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjyot Kaur Chug
- School of Chemical, Materials & Biomedical Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Elizabeth J Brisbois
- School of Chemical, Materials & Biomedical Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
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Bongaerts GPA, Williams RM, van der Wielen MWJ, Feiters MC. (Photo-)chemical roadmap to strategic antimicrobial photodynamic and photothermal therapies. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2022. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424622500493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Alves DRS, Decucio DDA, Alencar AHGD, Estrela CRDA, Souza JBD, Pinheiro ALB, Estrela C. Effect of low-power diode laser on infected root canals. Braz Dent J 2022; 33:8-17. [PMID: 35766720 DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440202204999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of photodynamic therapy (PDT) on infected root canals. Twenty-one human teeth were selected, and 18 were infected by E. faecalis for 60 days. The antimicrobial strategies tested were: G1. Root canal preparation (RCP) using Niquel-Titanium (NiTi) rotary instruments, 2.5% NaOCl, and final irrigation with 17% EDTA, followed by PDT with methylene blue photosensitizer and laser diode low power; G2. RCP using stainless steel files and the same irrigation and PDT protocols as G1; G3. Same RCP protocol as G1 without PDT; G4. Only irrigation with 2.5% NaOCl; G5. Same PDT protocol as G1 without RCP; G6. Negative control; G7. Positive control. Samples for microbiological tests were collected initially (S1), after RCP (S2), and after PDT (S3). Subsequently, the roots were sectioned and prepared for Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis. Bacterial growth was analyzed according to the turbidity of the culture medium, followed by spectrophotometric optical density (nm). The effect of PDT on the dentinal structure was evaluated at magnifications 1,600X and 5,000X and described qualitatively. The Wilcoxon test was used for the comparisons from the same specimens, and the Mann-Whitney test was used to compare groups ((=5%). Bacteria were found in all experimental groups' microbiological samples (S1, S2 and S3). The optical density of culture media was lower in S2 than in S1 of G1, 2, 3, and 4 (p> 0.05). After PDT (S3) in G1 and 2, there was an additional reduction in optical density of the culture medium, respectively (p>0.05). In Group 5, the analysis of culture media at S2 revealed an increase in optical density compared to S1(p>0.05). In SEM images of G1, 2, and 5, dentin with melting and recrystallization areas were evidenced. After preparation of the root canal with the rotary system or manually associated with 2.5% NaOCl, PDT was not able to completely eliminate E. faecalis present in the root canal.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Carlos Estrela
- Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
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Wang D, Kuzma ML, Tan X, He TC, Dong C, Liu Z, Yang J. Phototherapy and optical waveguides for the treatment of infection. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 179:114036. [PMID: 34740763 PMCID: PMC8665112 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.114036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
With rapid emergence of multi-drug resistant microbes, it is imperative to seek alternative means for infection control. Optical waveguides are an auspicious delivery method for precise administration of phototherapy. Studies have shown that phototherapy is promising in fighting against a myriad of infectious pathogens (i.e. viruses, bacteria, fungi, and protozoa) including biofilm-forming species and drug-resistant strains while evading treatment resistance. When administered via optical waveguides, phototherapy can treat both superficial and deep-tissue infections while minimizing off-site effects that afflict conventional phototherapy and pharmacotherapy. Despite great therapeutic potential, exact mechanisms, materials, and fabrication designs to optimize this promising treatment option are underexplored. This review outlines principles and applications of phototherapy and optical waveguides for infection control. Research advances, challenges, and outlook regarding this delivery system are rigorously discussed in a hope to inspire future developments of optical waveguide-mediated phototherapy for the management of infection and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingbowen Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Materials Research Institute, The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Michelle Laurel Kuzma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Materials Research Institute, The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Xinyu Tan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Materials Research Institute, The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; Academy of Orthopedics, Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degenerative Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510280, China
| | - Tong-Chuan He
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Cheng Dong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Materials Research Institute, The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Zhiwen Liu
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Jian Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Materials Research Institute, The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
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Hampden-Martin A, Fothergill J, El Mohtadi M, Chambers L, Slate AJ, Whitehead KA, Shokrollahi K. Photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy coupled with the use of the photosensitizers methylene blue and temoporfin as a potential novel treatment for Staphylococcus aureus in burn infections. Access Microbiol 2021; 3:000273. [PMID: 34816092 PMCID: PMC8604179 DOI: 10.1099/acmi.0.000273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy (PACT) is a novel alternative antimicrobial therapy that elicits a broad mechanism of action and therefore has a low probability of generating resistance. Such properties make PACT ideally suited for utilization in localized applications such as burn wounds. The aim of this study was to determine the antimicrobial activity of MB and temoporfin against both a S. aureus isolate and a P. aeruginosa isolate in light (640 nm) and dark conditions at a range of time points (0–20 min). A Staphylococcus aureus isolate and a Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolate were treated in vitro with methylene blue (MB) and temoporfin under different conditions following exposure to light at 640 nm and in no-light (dark) conditions. Bacterial cell viability [colony-forming units (c.f.u.) ml−1] was then calculated. Against P. aeruginosa, when MB was used as the photosensitizer, no phototoxic effect was observed in either light or dark conditions. After treatment with temoporfin, a reduction of less than one log (7.00×107 c.f.u. ml−1) was observed in the light after 20 min of exposure. However, temoporfin completely eradicated S. aureus in both light and dark conditions after 1 min (where a seven log reduction in c.f.u. ml−1 was observed). Methylene blue resulted in a loss of S. aureus viability, with a two log reduction in bacterial viability (c.f.u. ml−1) reported in both light and dark conditions after 20 min exposure time. Temoporfin demonstrated greater antimicrobial efficacy than MB against both the S. aureus and P. aeruginosa isolates tested. At 12.5 µM temoporfin resulted in complete eradication of S. aureus. In light of this study, further research into the validity of PACT, coupled with the photosensitizers (such as temoporfin), should be conducted in order to potentially develop alternative antimicrobial treatment regimes for burn wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jo Fothergill
- Institute of Infection and Global Heath, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Mohamed El Mohtadi
- Department of Biology, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, Lancashire, L39 4QP, UK
| | - Lucy Chambers
- Microbiology at Interfaces, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Anthony J Slate
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Kathryn A Whitehead
- Microbiology at Interfaces, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Kayvan Shokrollahi
- Mersey Regional Burns and Plastic Surgery Unit, Whiston Hospital, Liverpool, UK
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Sharab L, Baier RE, Ciancio S, Mang T. Influence of Photodynamic Therapy on Bacterial Attachment to Titanium Surface. J ORAL IMPLANTOL 2021; 47:427-435. [PMID: 33031506 DOI: 10.1563/aaid-joi-d-19-00344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lina Sharab
- Division of Orthodontics, Department of Oral Health Science, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Ken
| | - Robert E Baier
- Biomaterials Graduate Program, Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, State University of New York at Buffalo, NY
| | - Sebastian Ciancio
- Department of Periodontics and Endodontics, School of Dental Medicine, State University of New York at Buffalo, NY
| | - Thomas Mang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dental Medicine, State University of New York at Buffalo, NY
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Martins Antunes de Melo WDC, Celiešiūtė-Germanienė R, Šimonis P, Stirkė A. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) for biofilm treatments. Possible synergy between aPDT and pulsed electric fields. Virulence 2021; 12:2247-2272. [PMID: 34496717 PMCID: PMC8437467 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2021.1960105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, microbial biofilms have been the cause of a wide variety of infections in the human body, reaching 80% of all bacterial and fungal infections. The biofilms present specific properties that increase the resistance to antimicrobial treatments. Thus, the development of new approaches is urgent, and antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) has been shown as a promising candidate. aPDT involves a synergic association of a photosensitizer (PS), molecular oxygen and visible light, producing highly reactive oxygen species (ROS) that cause the oxidation of several cellular components. This therapy attacks many components of the biofilm, including proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids present within the biofilm matrix; causing inhibition even in the cells that are inside the extracellular polymeric substance (EPS). Recent advances in designing new PSs to increase the production of ROS and the combination of aPDT with other therapies, especially pulsed electric fields (PEF), have contributed to enhanced biofilm inhibition. The PEF has proven to have antimicrobial effect once it is known that extensive chemical reactions occur when electric fields are applied. This type of treatment kills microorganisms not only due to membrane rupture but also due to the formation of reactive compounds including free oxygen, hydrogen, hydroxyl and hydroperoxyl radicals. So, this review aims to show the progress of aPDT and PEF against the biofilms, suggesting that the association of both methods can potentiate their effects and overcome biofilm infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanessa de Cassia Martins Antunes de Melo
- Department of Functional Materials and Electronics, Laboratory of Bioelectric, State Research Institute, Department of Functional Materials and Electronics, Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Raimonda Celiešiūtė-Germanienė
- Department of Functional Materials and Electronics, Laboratory of Bioelectric, State Research Institute, Department of Functional Materials and Electronics, Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Povilas Šimonis
- Department of Functional Materials and Electronics, Laboratory of Bioelectric, State Research Institute, Department of Functional Materials and Electronics, Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Arūnas Stirkė
- Department of Functional Materials and Electronics, Laboratory of Bioelectric, State Research Institute, Department of Functional Materials and Electronics, Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Vilnius, Lithuania
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Gamissans M, Riera-Martí N, Romaní J, Gilaberte Y. Ultrasound-guided photodynamic therapy with intralesional methylene blue and a 635 nm light-emitting diode lamp in hidradenitis suppurativa: A retrospective study of 41 patients. PHOTODERMATOLOGY PHOTOIMMUNOLOGY & PHOTOMEDICINE 2021; 38:12-18. [PMID: 34157160 DOI: 10.1111/phpp.12709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Photodynamic therapy for hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a therapeutic alternative with a good safety profile, but its effectiveness has yet to be demonstrated. OBJECTIVES To demonstrate the effectiveness of PDT with intralesional methylene blue in HS lesions. METHODS A retrospective cross-sectional study was performed. Forty-one patients were treated with intralesional methylene blue and a diode lamp. Follow-up was carried out at 1 and 6 months after therapy. Efficacy was determined by the diameter reduction of the lesion measured by high-frequency ultrasound. RESULTS A reduction of ≥75% in the maximum diameter was recorded in 58.5% of the lesions, while 22% showed a reduction between 50% and 75%, and 19.5% showed a reduction of <50%. Recurrence rate was 12.5%. The lesions treated in patients with typical forms of HS (Canoui-Poitrine phenotype I) had a better therapeutic response. No statistically significant differences were found in terms of lesion location or concomitant treatment. CONCLUSION This therapy may potentially be a cost-effective and well-tolerated local therapy for Hurley I-II patients with superficial abscesses and fistulas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Gamissans
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Parc Taulí, Sabadel, Spain
| | | | - Jorge Romaní
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Parc Taulí, Sabadel, Spain
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Oliveira LVF, Apostólico N, Uriarte JJ, da Palma RK, Prates RA, Deana AM, Ferreira LR, Afonso JPR, de Paula Vieira R, de Oliveira Júnior MC, Navajas D, Farré R, Lopes-Martins RAB. Photodynamic Therapy in the Extracellular Matrix of Mouse Lungs: Preliminary Results of an Alternative Tissue Sterilization Process. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHOTOENERGY 2021; 2021:1-9. [DOI: 10.1155/2021/5578387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Lung transplantation is one of the most difficult and delicate procedures among organ transplants. For the success of the procedure and survival of the new organ, the sterilization step for acellular lungs prior to recellularization is important to ensure that they are free of any risk of transmitting infections from the donor to the recipient subject. However, there are no available information concerning the lung mechanical parameters after sterilizing photodynamic therapy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the extracellular matrix (ECM) and lung mechanical parameters of decellularized lungs undergoing sterilizing photodynamic therapy (PDT). Besides, we also analyzed the lung after controlled infection with C. albicans in order to evaluate the effectiveness of PDT. The lung mechanical evaluation parameters, resistance (
) and elastance (
), exhibited no significant differences between groups. In addition, there were no PDT-induced changes in lung properties, with maintenance of the viscoelastic behavior of the lung scaffold after 1 h exposure to PDT. The ECM components remained virtually unchanged in the acellular lungs of both groups. We also showed that there was a reduction in fungal infection population after 45 minutes of PDT. However, more studies should be performed to establish and verify the effectiveness of PDT as a possible means for sterilizing lung scaffolds. This manuscript was presented as a master thesis of Nadua Apostólico at the postgraduate program in rehabilitation sciences, University Nove de Julho—UNINOVE.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nadua Apostólico
- Rehabilitation Sciences, Nove de Julho University (UNINOVE), Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Juan José Uriarte
- Unitat de Biofísica i Bioenginyeria, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Renata Kelly da Palma
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Biomimetic Systems for Cell Engineering, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Renato A. Prates
- Master’s and Doctoral Degree Programs in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Nove de Julho University (UNINOVE), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Alessandro Melo Deana
- Master’s and Doctoral Degree Programs in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Nove de Julho University (UNINOVE), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Luis Rodolfo Ferreira
- Master’s and Doctoral Degree Programs in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Nove de Julho University (UNINOVE), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - João Pedro Ribeiro Afonso
- Human Movement and Rehabilitation (PPGMHR), University Center of Anápolis (UniEVANGÉLICA), Anápolis, GO, Brazil
| | - Rodolfo de Paula Vieira
- Postgraduate Program in Bioengineering, Universidade Brasil, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Brazilian Institute of Teaching and Research in Pulmonary and Exercise Immunology (IBEPIPE), São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Daniel Navajas
- Unitat de Biofísica i Bioenginyeria, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramon Farré
- Unitat de Biofísica i Bioenginyeria, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rodrigo Alvaro B. Lopes-Martins
- Human Movement and Rehabilitation (PPGMHR), University Center of Anápolis (UniEVANGÉLICA), Anápolis, GO, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Bioengineering, Universidade Brasil, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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15
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Rapacka-Zdończyk A, Woźniak A, Michalska K, Pierański M, Ogonowska P, Grinholc M, Nakonieczna J. Factors Determining the Susceptibility of Bacteria to Antibacterial Photodynamic Inactivation. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:642609. [PMID: 34055830 PMCID: PMC8149737 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.642609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic inactivation of microorganisms (aPDI) is an excellent method to destroy antibiotic-resistant microbial isolates. The use of an exogenous photosensitizer or irradiation of microbial cells already equipped with endogenous photosensitizers makes aPDI a convenient tool for treating the infections whenever technical light delivery is possible. Currently, aPDI research carried out on a vast repertoire of depending on the photosensitizer used, the target microorganism, and the light delivery system shows efficacy mostly on in vitro models. The search for mechanisms underlying different responses to photodynamic inactivation of microorganisms is an essential issue in aPDI because one niche (e.g., infection site in a human body) may have bacterial subpopulations that will exhibit different susceptibility. Rapidly growing bacteria are probably more susceptible to aPDI than persister cells. Some subpopulations can produce more antioxidant enzymes or have better performance due to efficient efflux pumps. The ultimate goal was and still is to identify and characterize molecular features that drive the efficacy of antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation. To this end, we examined several genetic and biochemical characteristics, including the presence of individual genetic elements, protein activity, cell membrane content and its physical properties, the localization of the photosensitizer, with the result that some of them are important and others do not appear to play a crucial role in the process of aPDI. In the review, we would like to provide an overview of the factors studied so far in our group and others that contributed to the aPDI process at the cellular level. We want to challenge the question, is there a general pattern of molecular characterization of aPDI effectiveness? Or is it more likely that a photosensitizer-specific pattern of molecular characteristics of aPDI efficacy will occur?
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Agata Woźniak
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Klaudia Michalska
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Michał Pierański
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Patrycja Ogonowska
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Mariusz Grinholc
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Joanna Nakonieczna
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
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16
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Llanos do Vale K, Ratto Tempestini Horliana AC, Romero Dos Santos S, Oppido Schalch T, Melo de Ana A, Agnelli Mesquita Ferrari R, Kalil Bussadori S, Porta Santos Fernandes K. Treatment of halitosis with photodynamic therapy in older adults with complete dentures: A randomized, controlled, clinical trial. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2020; 33:102128. [PMID: 33276115 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.102128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Halitosis of oral origin is mainly caused by the release of H2S (hydrogen sulfide) by bacteria lodged on the tongue. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) has been evaluated for the treatment of halitosis, but there are no previous reports of the use of this treatment modality in older people with dentures. The aim of the present study was to compare the effect of aPDT and tongue scraping (standard treatment) in older people with complete dentures diagnosed with halitosis (H2S gas concentration>112 ppb). METHODS The participants were divided into two groups: G1- treatment with a tongue scraper (n = 20); G2- treatment with aPDT (n = 20). Halimeter testing was performed before and after treatments using gas chromatography and was repeated after seven days. RESULTS After treatment, the group treated with aPDT had a lower mean concentration of H2S gas (18.5 ppb) than the tongue scraping group (185.3 ppb). After one week, the mean concentration of H2S increased to 218.2 ppb in the tongue scraping group and 39 ppb in the PDT group. CONCLUSIONS Both treatments were able to reduce the concentration of H2S but only treatment with aPDT was able to decrease halitosis to socially unnoticeable levels. Moreover, this normal breath condition remained for seven days only in the aPDT group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katia Llanos do Vale
- Postgraduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Nove de Julho University, UNINOVE, R. Vergueiro, 235/249, 01504-001, São Paulo, Brazil; Dentistry School, Nove de Julho University, UNINOVE, R. Vergueiro, 235/249, 01504-001, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Anna Carolina Ratto Tempestini Horliana
- Postgraduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Nove de Julho University, UNINOVE, R. Vergueiro, 235/249, 01504-001, São Paulo, Brazil; Dentistry School, Nove de Julho University, UNINOVE, R. Vergueiro, 235/249, 01504-001, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Sergio Romero Dos Santos
- Postgraduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Nove de Julho University, UNINOVE, R. Vergueiro, 235/249, 01504-001, São Paulo, Brazil; Dentistry School, Nove de Julho University, UNINOVE, R. Vergueiro, 235/249, 01504-001, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Tania Oppido Schalch
- Postgraduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Nove de Julho University, UNINOVE, R. Vergueiro, 235/249, 01504-001, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Alessandro Melo de Ana
- Postgraduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Nove de Julho University, UNINOVE, R. Vergueiro, 235/249, 01504-001, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Raquel Agnelli Mesquita Ferrari
- Postgraduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Nove de Julho University, UNINOVE, R. Vergueiro, 235/249, 01504-001, São Paulo, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Nove de Julho University, UNINOVE, R. Vergueiro, 235/249, 01504-001, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Sandra Kalil Bussadori
- Postgraduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Nove de Julho University, UNINOVE, R. Vergueiro, 235/249, 01504-001, São Paulo, Brazil; Dentistry School, Nove de Julho University, UNINOVE, R. Vergueiro, 235/249, 01504-001, São Paulo, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Nove de Julho University, UNINOVE, R. Vergueiro, 235/249, 01504-001, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Kristianne Porta Santos Fernandes
- Postgraduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Nove de Julho University, UNINOVE, R. Vergueiro, 235/249, 01504-001, São Paulo, Brazil; Dentistry School, Nove de Julho University, UNINOVE, R. Vergueiro, 235/249, 01504-001, São Paulo, Brazil.
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17
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López-López N, Muñoz Resta I, de Llanos R, Miravet JF, Mikhaylov M, Sokolov MN, Ballesta S, García-Luque I, Galindo F. Photodynamic Inactivation of Staphylococcus aureus Biofilms Using a Hexanuclear Molybdenum Complex Embedded in Transparent polyHEMA Hydrogels. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:6995-7003. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c00992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Noelia López-López
- Departamento de Química Inórganica y Orgánica, Universitat Jaume I, Av. Sos Baynat s/n, 12071 Castellón, Spain
| | - Ignacio Muñoz Resta
- Departamento de Química Inórganica y Orgánica, Universitat Jaume I, Av. Sos Baynat s/n, 12071 Castellón, Spain
| | - Rosa de Llanos
- Unidad Predepartamental de Medicina, Universitat Jaume I, Av. Sos Baynat s/n, 12071 Castellón, Spain
| | - Juan F. Miravet
- Departamento de Química Inórganica y Orgánica, Universitat Jaume I, Av. Sos Baynat s/n, 12071 Castellón, Spain
| | - Maxim Mikhaylov
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Acad. Lavrentiev Prosp., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Maxim N. Sokolov
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Acad. Lavrentiev Prosp., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Sofía Ballesta
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, Av. De Sanchéz Pizjuán s/n, 41009 Sevilla, Spain
- Red Española de Investigación en Patología Infecciosa (REIPI RD16/0016/0001), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel García-Luque
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, Av. De Sanchéz Pizjuán s/n, 41009 Sevilla, Spain
- Red Española de Investigación en Patología Infecciosa (REIPI RD16/0016/0001), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Galindo
- Departamento de Química Inórganica y Orgánica, Universitat Jaume I, Av. Sos Baynat s/n, 12071 Castellón, Spain
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18
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Bekmukhametova A, Ruprai H, Hook JM, Mawad D, Houang J, Lauto A. Photodynamic therapy with nanoparticles to combat microbial infection and resistance. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:21034-21059. [PMID: 33078823 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr04540c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Infections caused by drug-resistant pathogens are rapidly increasing in incidence and pose an urgent global health concern. New treatments are needed to address this critical situation while preventing further resistance acquired by the pathogens. One promising approach is antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (PDT), a technique that selectively damages pathogenic cells through reactive oxygen species (ROS) that have been deliberately produced by light-activated chemical reactions via a photosensitiser. There are currently some limitations to its wider deployment, including aggregation, hydrophobicity, and sub-optimal penetration capabilities of the photosensitiser, all of which decrease the production of ROS and lead to reduced therapeutic performance. In combination with nanoparticles, however, these challenges may be overcome. Their small size, functionalisable structure, and large contact surface allow a high degree of internalization by cellular membranes and tissue barriers. In this review, we first summarise the mechanism of PDT action and the interaction between nanoparticles and the cell membrane. We then introduce the categorisation of nanoparticles in PDT, acting as nanocarriers, photosensitising molecules, and transducers, in which we highlight their use against a range of bacterial and fungal pathogens. We also compare the antimicrobial efficiency of nanoparticles to unbound photosensitisers and examine the relevant safety considerations. Finally, we discuss the use of nanoparticulate drug delivery systems in clinical applications of antimicrobial PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Herleen Ruprai
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2750, Australia.
| | - James M Hook
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Damia Mawad
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia and Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design, Australian Centre for NanoMedicine and ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent BioNano Science and Technology, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Jessica Houang
- Biomedical Engineering, School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia and Biomedical Engineering & Neuroscience Research Group, The MARCS Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2750, Australia
| | - Antonio Lauto
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2750, Australia. and Biomedical Engineering & Neuroscience Research Group, The MARCS Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2750, Australia
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19
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Gao J, Matthews KR. Effects of the photosensitizer curcumin in inactivating foodborne pathogens on chicken skin. Food Control 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2019.106959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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20
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Feese E, Gracz HS, Boyle PD, Ghiladi RA. Towards microbe-targeted photosensitizers: Synthesis, characterization and in vitro photodynamic inactivation of the tuberculosis model pathogen M. smegmatis by porphyrin-peptide conjugates. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2020. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424619501505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Porphyrin-peptide conjugates have a breadth of potential applications, including use in photodynamic therapy, boron neutron capture therapy, as fluorescence imaging tags for tracking subcellular localization, as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) positive-contrast reagents and as biomimetic catalysts. Here, we have explored three general routes to porphyrin-peptide conjugates using the Cu(I)-catalyzed Huisgen-Medal-Sharpless 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of peptide-containing azides with a terminal alkyne-containing porphyrin, thereby generating porphyrin-peptide conjugates (PPCs) comprised of a cationic porphyrin coupled to short antimicrobial peptides. In addition to characterizing the PPCs using a variety of spectroscopic (UV-vis, [Formula: see text]H- and [Formula: see text]C-NMR) and mass spectrometric methods, we evaluated their efficacy as photosensitizers for the in vitro photodynamic inactivation of Mycobacterium smegmatis as a model for the pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Difficulties that needed to be overcome for the efficient synthesis of PPCs were the limited solubility of the quaternized pyridyl porphyrin in common solvents, undesired (de)metallation and transmetallation, and chromatographic purification. Photodynamic inactivation studies of a small library of PPCs against Mycobacterium smegmatis confirmed our hypothesis that the porphyrin-based photosensitizer maintains its ability to efficiently inactivate bacteria when conjugated to a small peptide by upwards of 5–6 log units (99.999[Formula: see text]%) using white light illumination (400–700 nm, 60 mW/cm[Formula: see text], 30 min). Further, hemolysis assays revealed the lack of toxicity of the PPCs against sheep blood at concentrations employed for in vitro photodynamic inactivation. Taken together, the results demonstrated the ability of PPCs to maintain their antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation efficacy when possessing a short cationic peptides for enabling the potential targeting of pathogens in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elke Feese
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27695-8204, USA
| | - Hanna S. Gracz
- Department of Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Paul D. Boyle
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27695-8204, USA
| | - Reza A. Ghiladi
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27695-8204, USA
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21
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Lavaee F, Shadmanpour M. Comparison of the effect of photodynamic therapy and topical corticosteroid on oral lichen planus lesions. Oral Dis 2019; 25:1954-1963. [PMID: 31478283 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this study, the effect of photodynamic therapy with topical corticosteroid in oral lichen planus patients was compared. MATERIAL AND METHODS In this randomized, double-blind clinical trial, eight patients with bilateral oral OLP lesions were recruited. Toluidine blue was applied on the lesions of both sides; a 660-nm diode laser InGaAlP was irradiated for 10 min (power: 25 mW, fluence: 19.23 J/cm2 , probe cross section: 0.78 cm2 ) for three sessions. In the control side of the oral mucosa, only sham laser was used. Follow-up sessions were held on weeks 3 and 7. In week 3, oral paste triamcinolone acetonide 0.1% was prescribed. Response rates were assessed clinically by VAS, Thongprasom sign scoring, clinical severity index, efficacy indices, and the amount of reduction in the size of the lesions. The Mann-Whitney test was used to evaluate the treatment outcomes. RESULTS In spite of the control side, all scores improved significantly between sessions 0 and 4 for the intervention side. The differences between the changes in almost all scores between sessions 0 and 4 in both the intervention and control sides were significantly considerable (p value < .05). CONCLUSION Photodynamic therapy can be used as an alternative therapy alongside standard methods or as a new modality for refractory OLP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Lavaee
- Oral and Dental Disease Research Center, Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine Department, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Maryam Shadmanpour
- Orthodontics Department, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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22
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Plenagl N, Seitz BS, Duse L, Pinnapireddy SR, Jedelska J, Brüßler J, Bakowsky U. Hypericin inclusion complexes encapsulated in liposomes for antimicrobial photodynamic therapy. Int J Pharm 2019; 570:118666. [PMID: 31494239 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.118666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The naturally occurring anthraquinone derivative hypericin is a highly potent photosensitiser. Several in vitro studies show high phototoxicity of the pigment towards gram-positive bacteria. Nevertheless, the highly lipophilic nature and poor bioavailability prevent its application in daily clinical practice thus leading to a limited therapeutic value of hypericin. Liposomal encapsulation could help overcome these limitations and would make hypericin available for daily clinical practice. The use of liposomes as carriers for hypericin in antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) is quite new. The aim of this work was to improve the photodynamic efficiency of the previously mentioned carriers by entrapping hypericin in the aqueous compartment of the liposomes. Therefore, a water-soluble inclusion complex of hypericin and (2-hydroxypropyl)-beta-cyclodextrin (Hyp-HPβCD) was prepared. After encapsulation of the inclusion complex into DSPC and DSPC/DPPC/DSPE-PEG liposomes with the dehydration-rehydration vesicle (DRV) method, the formulations were physicochemical characterised. The photodynamic efficiency towards the gram-positive model strain Staphylococcus saprophyticus subsp. bovis. was tested on planktonic cells as well as on biofilms. DSPC liposomes achieved a 4.1log reduction and the DSPC/DPPC/DSPE-PEG liposomes a 2.6log reduction in growth of planktonic bacteria, while Hyp-HPβCD showed total eradication. Even bacterial cells growing in a biofilm could be treated effectively in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikola Plenagl
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, University of Marburg, Robert-Koch-Straße 4, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Benjamin Sebastian Seitz
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, University of Marburg, Robert-Koch-Straße 4, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Lili Duse
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, University of Marburg, Robert-Koch-Straße 4, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Shashank Reddy Pinnapireddy
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, University of Marburg, Robert-Koch-Straße 4, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Jarmila Jedelska
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, University of Marburg, Robert-Koch-Straße 4, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Jana Brüßler
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, University of Marburg, Robert-Koch-Straße 4, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Udo Bakowsky
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, University of Marburg, Robert-Koch-Straße 4, 35037 Marburg, Germany.
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23
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Silva DF, Toledo Neto JL, Machado MF, Bochnia JR, Garcez AS, Foggiato AA. Effect of photodynamic therapy potentiated by ultrasonic chamber on decontamination of acrylic and titanium surfaces. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2019; 27:345-353. [PMID: 31279916 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2019.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) is an alternative to surface decontamination that is based on the interaction between a non-toxic photosensitizer (PS) and a light source to allow for the formation of reactive oxygen species. The objective of this study was to test a new patented device - the "Ultrasonic Photodynamic Inactivation Device" (UPID) under the patent deposit MU-BR 20.2018.00.9356-3 - for the photodynamic inactivation on contaminated acrylic plates and titanium disk. This new low cost device contains light emitting diodes (LEDs) and was built in a stainless-steel container for better light distribution. In addition, 28 waterproof red LEDs plates, with a wavelength of 660 nm were used, containing three irradiators in each plate, for which the irradiation distribution and the spectral irradiance on all 6 internal faces of this device were calculated. The effect of red LED irradiation (660 nm) methylene blue (MB) (100 μmol/L) diluted in water or 70% alcohol on three types of microorganisms: Candida albicans ATCC 10231, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 and Escherichia coli ATCC 25922. In order to estimate the effects of PDI, acrylic plates and Titanium disks were contaminated by bacterial suspensions (3 × 108 CFU/mL), then treated with a solution of MB for 30 min, followed by irradiation for 30 min (0.45 J/cm2). Microbial inhibition was evaluated by counting the number of colony forming units (CFU), compared to the control group. The results showed that the UPID promoted significant reduction (p < 0.001) of the microorganism when compared with the positive control. The new device promoted an effective microbial inhibition on the surfaces tested and, thus, makes possible new studies. The perspective is that this new device may be a low-cost and non-toxic alternative to the disinfection of biomedical devices, non-critical instruments and also for use in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas Fernandes Silva
- Health Science Center - Dentistry, Paraná Northern State University - UENP, Jacarezinho, PR, Brazil; Medical and Dental Institute of Phototherapy Foggiato, Jacarezinho, PR, Brazil.
| | - João Lopes Toledo Neto
- Health Science Center - Dentistry, Paraná Northern State University - UENP, Jacarezinho, PR, Brazil.
| | - Milena Ferreira Machado
- Health Science Center - Dentistry, Paraná Northern State University - UENP, Jacarezinho, PR, Brazil.
| | - Jetter Ribeiro Bochnia
- Department of Prosthodontics and Dental Materials, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | | | - Augusto Alberto Foggiato
- Health Science Center - Dentistry, Paraná Northern State University - UENP, Jacarezinho, PR, Brazil; Medical and Dental Institute of Phototherapy Foggiato, Jacarezinho, PR, Brazil.
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Rapacka-Zdonczyk A, Wozniak A, Pieranski M, Woziwodzka A, Bielawski KP, Grinholc M. Development of Staphylococcus aureus tolerance to antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation and antimicrobial blue light upon sub-lethal treatment. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9423. [PMID: 31263139 PMCID: PMC6603016 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45962-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation (aPDI) and antimicrobial blue light (aBL) are considered low-risk treatments for the development of bacterial resistance and/or tolerance due to their multitargeted modes of action. In this study, we assessed the development of Staphylococcus aureus tolerance to these phototreatments. Reference S. aureus USA300 JE2 was subjected to 15 cycles of both sub-lethal aPDI (employing an exogenously administered photosensitizer (PS), i.e., rose Bengal (RB)) and sub-lethal aBL (employing endogenously produced photosensitizing compounds, i.e., porphyrins). We demonstrate substantial aPDI/aBL tolerance development and tolerance stability after 5 cycles of subculturing without aPDI/aBL exposure (the development of aPDI/aBL tolerance was also confirmed with the employment of clinical MRSA and MSSA strain as well as other representatives of Gram-positive microbes, i.e. Enterococcus faecium and Streptococcus agalactiae). In addition, a rifampicin-resistant (RIFR) mutant selection assay showed an increased mutation rate in S. aureus upon sub-lethal phototreatments, indicating that the increased aPDI/aBL tolerance may result from accumulated mutations. Moreover, qRT-PCR analysis following sub-lethal phototreatments demonstrated increased expression of umuC, which encodes stress-responsive error-prone DNA polymerase V, an enzyme that increases the rate of mutation. Employment of recA and umuC transposon S. aureus mutants confirmed SOS-induction dependence of the tolerance development. Interestingly, aPDI/aBL-tolerant S. aureus exhibited increased susceptibility to gentamicin (GEN) and doxycycline (DOX), supporting the hypothesis of genetic alterations induced by sub-lethal phototreatments. The obtained results indicate that S. aureus may develop stable tolerance to studied phototreatments upon sub-lethal aPDI/aBL exposure; thus, the risk of tolerance development should be considered significant when designing aPDI/aBL protocols for infection treatments in vitro and in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Rapacka-Zdonczyk
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics, Department of Biotechnology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Agata Wozniak
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics, Department of Biotechnology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Michal Pieranski
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics, Department of Biotechnology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Anna Woziwodzka
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Krzysztof P Bielawski
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics, Department of Biotechnology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Mariusz Grinholc
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics, Department of Biotechnology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland.
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25
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Shen J, Liang Q, Su G, Zhang Y, Wang Z, Baudouin C, Labbé A. In Vitro Effect of Toluidine Blue Antimicrobial Photodynamic Chemotherapy on Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Ocular Surface Infection. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2019; 8:45. [PMID: 31259090 PMCID: PMC6590089 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.8.3.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose We evaluate the antimicrobial effect of toluidine blue O (TBO)-mediated photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy (PACT) on Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus isolated from ocular surface infection. Methods We selected 24 strains of bacteria for this study. The antimicrobial effect of different TBO concentrations, light irradiation, and duration were evaluated. After determining the optimal PACT parameters, four experimental groups were included: Group 1, TBO alone (T+L−); Group 2, light-emitting diode (LED) irradiation alone (T−L+); Group 3, TBO–LED irradiation combination (T+L+); and Group 4, no treatment group (T−L−). The antibacterial effect of PACT was evaluated with the colony survival fraction (SF) methods. Results The antibacterial effect of PACT on S. epidermidis and S. aureus was dose-dependent to light irradiation and TBO concentration. The optimal PACT parameters were a TBO concentration of 60 μM, light irradiation of 5.27 mW/cm2, and an irradiation duration of 30 minutes. In group 1, 60 μM TBO without irradiation did not show any antibacterial effect on S. epidermidis (1.48E7 ± 1.5E6 colony-forming units [CFU]/mL) or S. aureus (1.45E7 ± 9E5 CFU/mL). In group 2, irradiation alone with 5.27 mW/cm2 did not modify bacterial growth (S. epidermidis, 1.49E7 ± 1.43E6; S. aureus, 1.5E7 ± 1.2E6). In group 3, after treatment, bacteria density dropped to 4000 ± 1000 and 3E5 ± 1E5 CFU/mL in S. epidermidis and S. aureus groups, respectively (P < 0.001, P = 0.030). In group 4, there was uniform bacterial growth (S. epidermidis, 1.51E7 ± 1.5E6; S. aureus, 1.48E7 ± 1.5E6) before and after treatment. Conclusions TBO-mediated PACT had an antibacterial efficacy in vitro on S. epidermidis and S. aureus isolated from ocular surface infection. Translational Relevance As TBO-mediated PACT has a strong antibacterial effect to S. epidermidis and S. aureus in vitro, this approach may assist in the treatment of ocular surface infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Shen
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Ophthalmology, Beijing, China
| | - Qingfeng Liang
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing, China
| | - Guanyu Su
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiqun Wang
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing, China
| | - Christophe Baudouin
- Quinze-Vingts National Ophthalmology Hospital, Paris and Versailles Saint- Quentin-en- Yvelines University, Versailles, France.,INSERM, U968, Paris, France.,UPMC University Paris 06, UMR_S 968, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR_7210, Paris, France
| | - Antoine Labbé
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing, China.,Quinze-Vingts National Ophthalmology Hospital, Paris and Versailles Saint- Quentin-en- Yvelines University, Versailles, France.,INSERM, U968, Paris, France.,UPMC University Paris 06, UMR_S 968, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR_7210, Paris, France
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26
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Porphyrinoid photosensitizers mediated photodynamic inactivation against bacteria. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 175:72-106. [PMID: 31096157 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.04.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The multi-drug resistant bacteria have become a serious problem complicating therapies to such a degree that often the term "post-antibiotic era" is applied to describe the situation. The infections with methicillin-resistant S. aureus, vancomycin-resistant E. faecium, third generation cephalosporin-resistant E. coli, third generation cephalosporin-resistant K. pneumoniae and carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa have become commonplace. Thus, the new strategies of infection treatment have been searched for, and one of the approaches is based on photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy. Photodynamic protocols require the interaction of photosensitizer, molecular oxygen and light. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy by porphyrinoid photosensitizers. In the first part of the review information on the mechanism of photodynamic action and the mechanism of the bacteria resistance to the photodynamic technique were described. In the second one, it was described porphyrinoids photosensitizers like: porphyrins, chlorins and phthalocyanines useable in photodynamic bacteria inactivation.
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Lourenço LMO, Rocha DMGC, Ramos CIV, Gomes MC, Almeida A, Faustino MAF, Almeida Paz FA, Neves MGPMS, Cunha Â, Tomé JPC. Photoinactivation of Planktonic and Biofilm Forms of
Escherichia coli
through the Action of Cationic Zinc(II) Phthalocyanines. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.201900020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leandro M. O. Lourenço
- QOPNA-LAQV-REQUINTE and Department of Chemistry University of Aveiro Campus Universitário de Santiago 3810-193 Aveiro Portugal
| | - Deisy M. G. C. Rocha
- QOPNA-LAQV-REQUINTE and Department of Chemistry University of Aveiro Campus Universitário de Santiago 3810-193 Aveiro Portugal
- CESAM and Department of Biology University of Aveiro Campus Universitário de Santiago 3810-193 Aveiro Portugal
| | - Catarina I. V. Ramos
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory and Department of Chemistry University of Aveiro Campus Universitário de Santiago 3810-193 Aveiro Portugal
| | - Maria C. Gomes
- QOPNA-LAQV-REQUINTE and Department of Chemistry University of Aveiro Campus Universitário de Santiago 3810-193 Aveiro Portugal
- CESAM and Department of Biology University of Aveiro Campus Universitário de Santiago 3810-193 Aveiro Portugal
| | - Adelaide Almeida
- CESAM and Department of Biology University of Aveiro Campus Universitário de Santiago 3810-193 Aveiro Portugal
| | - Maria A. F. Faustino
- QOPNA-LAQV-REQUINTE and Department of Chemistry University of Aveiro Campus Universitário de Santiago 3810-193 Aveiro Portugal
| | - Filipe A. Almeida Paz
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials and Department of Chemistry University of Aveiro Campus Universitário de Santiago 3810-193 Aveiro Portugal
| | - Maria G. P. M. S. Neves
- QOPNA-LAQV-REQUINTE and Department of Chemistry University of Aveiro Campus Universitário de Santiago 3810-193 Aveiro Portugal
| | - Ângela Cunha
- CESAM and Department of Biology University of Aveiro Campus Universitário de Santiago 3810-193 Aveiro Portugal
| | - João P. C. Tomé
- CQE and Departamento de Engenharia Química Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa Av. Rovisco Pais, n°1 1049-001 Lisboa Portugal
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Hsieh YH, Chuang WC, Yu KH, Jheng CP, Lee CI. Sequential Photodynamic Therapy with Phthalocyanine Encapsulated Chitosan-Tripolyphosphate Nanoparticles and Flucytosine Treatment against Candida tropicalis. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:E16. [PMID: 30621174 PMCID: PMC6359070 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11010016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance has become a crisis. Candida tropicalis (C. tropicalis) is one of the most highly virulent and drug-resistant pathogens. An alternative antimicrobial therapy to eradicate C. tropicalis effectively, without the risk of developing drug-resistance, is needed. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an alternative therapy that does not carry the risk of undesired drug resistance. To target the pathogens and to enhance the cellular penetration of the applied photosensitizer, we fabricated cationic chitosan/tripolyphosphate nanoparticles to encapsulate phthalocyanine. Our strategy promotes the uptake of phthalocyanine four-fold. This enhanced PDT can effectively inhibit planktonic C. tropicalis, such that only ~20% of C. tropicalis in the test survived; but it has a limited ability to inhibit adherent C. tropicalis. Further tests with adherent C. tropicalis indicated that sequential treatment with PDT and flucytosine significantly eliminates pseudohyphae and yeast-like C. tropicalis cells. The cell viability is only ~10% after this sequential treatment. This study provides evidence of an effective therapy against drug resistant C. tropicalis, and this strategy can be potentially applied to other pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hsuan Hsieh
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chia-Yi 62247, Taiwan.
| | - Wen-Ching Chuang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Min-Hsiung Chia-Yi 62102, Taiwan.
| | - Kun-Hua Yu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Min-Hsiung Chia-Yi 62102, Taiwan.
| | - Cheng-Ping Jheng
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Min-Hsiung Chia-Yi 62102, Taiwan.
| | - Cheng-I Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Min-Hsiung Chia-Yi 62102, Taiwan.
- Center for Innovative Research on Aging Society (CIRAS), National Chung Cheng University, Min-Hsiung Chia-Yi 62102, Taiwan.
- Center for Nano Bio-detections, Advanced Institute of Manufacturing with High-tech Innovations (AIM-HI), National Chung Cheng University, Min-Hsiung Chia-Yi 62102, Taiwan.
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Sub-lethal antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation: an in vitro study on quorum sensing-controlled gene expression of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm formation. Lasers Med Sci 2019; 34:1159-1165. [DOI: 10.1007/s10103-018-02707-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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30
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dos Santos RF, Campos BS, Rego Filho FDAMG, Moraes JDO, Albuquerque ALI, da Silva MCD, dos Santos PV, de Araujo MT. Photodynamic inactivation of S. aureus with a water-soluble curcumin salt and an application to cheese decontamination. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2019; 18:2707-2716. [DOI: 10.1039/c9pp00196d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the optimal parameters for the photodynamic inactivation (PDI) of Staphylococcus aureus in bacterial suspensions and in cheese were assessed using a water-soluble curcumin salt as the photosensitizer (PS).
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31
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Paziani MH, Tonani L, de Menezes HD, Bachmann L, Wainwright M, Braga GÚL, von Zeska Kress MR. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy with phenothiazinium photosensitizers in non-vertebrate model Galleria mellonella infected with Fusarium keratoplasticum and Fusarium moniliforme. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2018; 25:197-203. [PMID: 30586617 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2018.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Fusarium keratoplasticum and Fusarium moniliforme are filamentous fungi common in the environment and cause mycosis in both animals and plants. Human infections include mycetoma, keratitis and onychomycosis, while deeper mycosis occurs in immunocompromised patients. Most of the Fusarium spp. are frequently resistant to treatment with currently used antifungals. The frequent occurrence of antifungal resistance has motivated the study of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy as an alternative treatment for fungal infections. Many studies have investigated the in vitro use of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy to kill fungi, but rarely in animal models of infection. Thus, here we employed the invertebrate wax moth Galleria mellonella to study the in vivo effects of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy with three different phenothiazinium photosensitizers, methylene blue, new methylene blue N and the pentacyclic S137 against infection with microconidia of Fusarium keratoplasticum and Fusarium moniliforme. The effect of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy using these photosensitizers and light-emitting diodes with an emission peak at 635 nm and an integrated irradiance from 570 to 670 nm of 9.8 mW cm-2 was investigated regarding the toxicity, fungal burden, larval survival and cellular immune response. The results from this model indicate that antimicrobial photodynamic therapy with methylene blue, new methylene blue N and S137 is efficient for the treatment of infection with F. keratoplasticum and F. moniliforme. The efficiency can be attributed to the fungal cell damage caused by antimicrobial photodynamic therapy which facilitates the action of the host immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Henrique Paziani
- Departamento de Analises Clinicas, Toxicologicas e Bromatologicas, Faculdade de Ciencias Farmaceuticas de Ribeirao Preto, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Ludmilla Tonani
- Departamento de Analises Clinicas, Toxicologicas e Bromatologicas, Faculdade de Ciencias Farmaceuticas de Ribeirao Preto, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Henrique Dantas de Menezes
- Departamento de Analises Clinicas, Toxicologicas e Bromatologicas, Faculdade de Ciencias Farmaceuticas de Ribeirao Preto, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Luciano Bachmann
- Departamento de Fisica, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciencias e Letras de Ribeirao Preto, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14040-901, Brazil
| | - Mark Wainwright
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, United Kingdom
| | - Gilberto Úbida Leite Braga
- Departamento de Analises Clinicas, Toxicologicas e Bromatologicas, Faculdade de Ciencias Farmaceuticas de Ribeirao Preto, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Marcia Regina von Zeska Kress
- Departamento de Analises Clinicas, Toxicologicas e Bromatologicas, Faculdade de Ciencias Farmaceuticas de Ribeirao Preto, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP 14040-903, Brazil.
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De Angelis N, Hanna R, Signore A, Amaroli A, Benedicenti S. Effectiveness of dual-wavelength (Diodes 980 Nm and 635 Nm) laser approach as a non-surgical modality in the management of periodontally diseased root surface: a pilot study. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2018.1544034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nicola De Angelis
- Department of Surgical and Diagnostic Sciences (D.I.S.C), Laser Therapy Center, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Reem Hanna
- Department of Surgical and Diagnostic Sciences (D.I.S.C), Laser Therapy Center, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Antonio Signore
- Department of Surgical and Diagnostic Sciences (D.I.S.C), Laser Therapy Center, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Andrea Amaroli
- Department of Surgical and Diagnostic Sciences (D.I.S.C), Laser Therapy Center, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Stefano Benedicenti
- Department of Surgical and Diagnostic Sciences (D.I.S.C), Laser Therapy Center, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
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Cardoso‐Rurr JS, Paiva JP, Paulino‐Lima IG, Alencar TA, Lage CA, Leitão AC. Microbiological Decontamination of Water: Improving the Solar Disinfection Technique (SODIS) with the Use of Nontoxic Vital Dye Methylene Blue. Photochem Photobiol 2018; 95:618-626. [DOI: 10.1111/php.12999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Janine S. Cardoso‐Rurr
- Laboratório de Radiobiologia Molecular Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil
- Laboratório de Radiações em Biologia Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Juliana Patrão Paiva
- Laboratório de Radiobiologia Molecular Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil
- Laboratório de Microbiologia e Avaliação Genotóxica College of Pharmacy Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Ivan G. Paulino‐Lima
- Laboratório de Radiobiologia Molecular Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil
- Universities Space Research Association NASA Ames Research Center Moffett Field CA
| | - Tatiana A.M. Alencar
- Laboratório de Radiobiologia Molecular Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Claudia A.S. Lage
- Laboratório de Radiações em Biologia Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Alvaro C. Leitão
- Laboratório de Radiobiologia Molecular Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil
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Foggiato AA, Silva DF, Castro RCFR. Effect of photodynamic therapy on surface decontamination in clinical orthodontic instruments. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2018; 24:123-128. [PMID: 30219341 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The objective was to develop, characterize and test a box containing light emission diode (LED), Patent Deposit MU-BR20.2017.002297-3, which was named "Photodynamic Inactivation Device" (PID) and verify if it's suitable in microbial reduction or disinfection action of solid surfaces using PID. The equipment was made in a container of polypropylene with a lid of the same material and, for a better use of irradiation the internal part was covered with a layer of reflective aluminum. In addition, sixty boards of red LED 660 nm wavelength, containing three radiators each, for which the distribution of irradiation and spectral irradiance in all of the six internal faces were calculated in this device. That way, a low cost alternative was tested over three types of microorganisms present on the human microbiota: two strains Gram-positive (Gram +), Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus mutans and one strain Gram-negative (Gram -), Escherichia coli, inoculated in orthodontic instruments previously autoclaved. To assess the Photodynamic Inactivation (PDI) over these bacteria, instruments were contaminated by bacterial suspensions (3 × 10⁸ CFU/mL) and ulterior treatment with a solution of 100 μmol/L of MB for 20 min, and irradiated for another 20 min (energy density of 026 J/cm²). Microbial reduction was assessed by number counting of Colony Forming Units (CFU). At the end, microbial reduction of the surface of orthodontic metal instruments was compared with the positive group of each group. Results showed that PID caused a significant reduction (p < 0.05) of the microbial charge stuck in the orthodontic instruments. Thus, the photo prototype of the drawing is appropriate for phototherapy studies, granting it´s advantageous to the low level light therapy as well as for the antimicrobial photodynamic therapy. The perspective is that PID may potentialize the dissemination of phototherapy studies for determining its proper use in health science. And, thus, propose a low cost and atoxic alternative for disinfection of biomedical appliances as non-critical instruments, allowing also for use in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Augusto Alberto Foggiato
- Health Science Center - Dentistry, Paraná Northern State University - UENP, Jacarezinho, PR, Brazil; São Leopoldo Mandic Dental Research Institute, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | - Douglas Fernandes Silva
- Health Science Center - Dentistry, Paraná Northern State University - UENP, Jacarezinho, PR, Brazil
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Al-Mutairi R, Tovmasyan A, Batinic-Haberle I, Benov L. Sublethal Photodynamic Treatment Does Not Lead to Development of Resistance. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1699. [PMID: 30108561 PMCID: PMC6079231 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A promising new alternative approach for eradication of antibiotic-resistant strains is to expose microbes to photosensitizers, which upon illumination generate reactive oxygen species. Among the requirements for a potent, medically applicable photosensitizer, are high efficacy in killing microbes and low toxicity to the host. Since photodynamic treatment is based on production of reactive species which are potentially DNA damaging and mutagenic, it might be expected that under selective pressure, microbes would develop resistance. The aim of this study was to determine if antibacterial photodynamic treatment with a highly photoefficient photosensitizer, Zn(II) meso-tetrakis(N-n-hexylpyridinium-2-yl)porphyrin would lead to development of resistance. To answer that question, bacterial cultures were subjected to multiple cycles of sublethal photodynamic stress and regrowth, and to continuous growth under photodynamic exposure. Antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli clinical isolates were also tested for susceptibility to photodynamic inactivation and for development of resistance. Results demonstrated that multiple photodynamic exposures and regrowth of surviving cells or continuous growth under sublethal photodynamic conditions, did not lead to development of resistance to photosensitizers or to antibiotics. Antibiotic-resistant E. coli and S. aureus were as sensitive to photodynamic killing as were their antibiotic-sensitive counterparts and no changes in their sensitivity to antibiotics or to photodynamic inactivation after multiple cycles of photodynamic treatment and regrowth were observed. In conclusion, photosensitizers with high photodynamic antimicrobial efficiency can be used successfully for eradication of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains without causing development of resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rawan Al-Mutairi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Artak Tovmasyan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Ines Batinic-Haberle
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Ludmil Benov
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
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Hu X, Huang YY, Wang Y, Wang X, Hamblin MR. Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy to Control Clinically Relevant Biofilm Infections. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1299. [PMID: 29997579 PMCID: PMC6030385 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilm describes a microbially-derived sessile community in which microbial cells are firmly attached to the substratum and embedded in extracellular polymeric matrix. Microbial biofilms account for up to 80% of all bacterial and fungal infections in humans. Biofilm-associated pathogens are particularly resistant to antibiotic treatment, and thus novel antibiofilm approaches needed to be developed. Antimicrobial Photodynamic therapy (aPDT) had been recently proposed to combat clinically relevant biofilms such as dental biofilms, ventilator associated pneumonia, chronic wound infections, oral candidiasis, and chronic rhinosinusitis. aPDT uses non-toxic dyes called photosensitizers (PS), which can be excited by harmless visible light to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS). aPDT is a multi-stage process including topical PS administration, light irradiation, and interaction of the excited state with ambient oxygen. Numerous in vitro and in vivo aPDT studies have demonstrated biofilm-eradication or substantial reduction. ROS are produced upon photo-activation and attack adjacent targets, including proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids present within the biofilm matrix, on the cell surface and inside the microbial cells. Damage to non-specific targets leads to the destruction of both planktonic cells and biofilms. The review aims to summarize the progress of aPDT in destroying biofilms and the mechanisms mediated by ROS. Finally, a brief section provides suggestions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- The Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ying-Ying Huang
- The Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Yuguang Wang
- The Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Center of Digital Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Michael R. Hamblin
- The Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
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Pereira NM, Feitosa LS, Navarro RS, Kozusny-Andreani DI, Carvalho NMP. Use of photodynamic inactivation for in vitro reduction of prevalent bacteria in Fournier's Gangrene. Int Braz J Urol 2018; 44:150-155. [PMID: 29219279 PMCID: PMC5815545 DOI: 10.1590/s1677-5538.ibju.2017.0312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Fournier's Gangrene (FG) is an infectious disease caused by several synergic microbes, with high morbidity and mortality rates; therefore, the search for new less invasive and mutilating treatments, with faster recovery, has been proposed. Surgical intervention, the use of several systemic and topic antibiotics, and hyperbaric oxygen therapy are currently the best approach for the treatment of these patients. The use of Photodynamic Inactivation (PDI) aims to lower morbidity and mortality, by reducing bacterial microbiota and speeding wound healing. In the present study, viable bacteria were separated in four groups: Group L-/F- (no irradiation with red laser and absence of methylene blue photosensitizer), Group L-/F+ (no irradiation with red laser and presence of methylene blue), Group L+/F- (irradiation with red laser and absence of methylene blue) and L+/F+ (irradiation with red laser associated to methylene blue). In all groups, exposure time to treatment was 5, 10 and 15 minutes. The concentration of methylene blue photosensitizer was 0.1mg/L, and the dose of red laser (660nm wave length) was 176.9mW/cm2. Following irradiation, the reduction of number of bacteria was evaluated, and the results were expressed in colony forming units (CFU) and as exponential reduction. As the main results, in the L+/F+ group, there were no Clostridium perfringens and Staphylococcus aureus CFUs and there was a reduction of Escherichia coli that was not observed in the other groups.
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Regiel-Futyra A, Kus-Liśkiewicz M, Sebastian V, Irusta S, Arruebo M, Kyzioł A, Stochel G. Development of noncytotoxic silver-chitosan nanocomposites for efficient control of biofilm forming microbes. RSC Adv 2017; 7:52398-52413. [PMID: 29308194 PMCID: PMC5735359 DOI: 10.1039/c7ra08359a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe bacterial and fungal infections have become a major clinical and public health concern. Nowadays, additional efforts are needed to develop effective antimicrobial materials that are not harmful to human cells. This work describes the synthesis and characterization of chitosan-ascorbic acid-silver nanocomposites as films exhibiting high antimicrobial activity and non-cytotoxicity towards human cells. The reductive and stabilizing activity of both the biocompatible polymer chitosan and ascorbic acid were used in the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). Herein, we propose an improved composite synthesis based on medium average molecular weight chitosan with a high deacetylation degree, that together with ascorbic acid gave films with a uniform distribution of small AgNPs (<10 nm) exhibiting high antimicrobial activity against biofilm forming bacterial and fungal strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans. At the same time, the resulting solid nanocomposites showed, at the same doses, reduced or totally excluded cytotoxicity on mammalian somatic and tumoral cells. Data obtained in the present study suggest that adequately designed chitosan-silver nanocomposites are powerful and promising materials for reducing pathogenic microorganism-associated infections without harmful effects towards mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Regiel-Futyra
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 3, 30-060 Kraków, Poland. ;
| | - Małgorzata Kus-Liśkiewicz
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Biotechnology Centre for Applied and Fundamental Sciences, University of Rzeszów, Sokołowska 26, Kolbuszowa, 36-100, Poland
| | - Victor Sebastian
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Nanoscience Institute of Aragon (INA), University of Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain.
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, CIBER-BBN, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Silvia Irusta
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Nanoscience Institute of Aragon (INA), University of Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain.
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, CIBER-BBN, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Manuel Arruebo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Nanoscience Institute of Aragon (INA), University of Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain.
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, CIBER-BBN, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Agnieszka Kyzioł
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 3, 30-060 Kraków, Poland. ;
| | - Grażyna Stochel
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 3, 30-060 Kraków, Poland. ;
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Baptista A, Sabino CP, Núñez SC, Miyakawa W, Martin AA, Ribeiro MS. Photodynamic damage predominates on different targets depending on cell growth phase of Candida albicans. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2017; 177:76-84. [PMID: 29107205 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2017.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic inactivation (PDI) has been reported to be effective to eradicate a wide variety of pathogens, including antimicrobial-resistant microorganisms. The aim of this study was to identify the potential molecular targets of PDI depending on growth phase of Candida albicans. Fungal cells in lag (6h) and stationary (48h) phases were submitted to PDI mediated by methylene blue (MB) combined with a (662±21) nm-LED, at 360mW of optical power. Pre-irradiation time was 10min and exposure times were 12min, 15min and 18min delivering radiant exposures of 129.6J/cm2, 162J/cm2 and 194.4J/cm2, respectively, on a 24-well plate of about 2cm2 at an irradiance of 180mW/cm2. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), atomic force spectroscopy (AFS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) were employed to evaluate the photodynamic effect in young and old fungal cells following 15min of irradiation. Morphological analysis revealed wrinkled and shrunk fungal cell membrane for both growth phases while extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) removal was only observed for old fungal cells. Damaged intracellular structures were more pronounced in young fungal cells. The surface nanostiffness of young fungal cells decreased after PDI but increased for old fungal cells. Cellular adhesion force was reduced for both growth phases. Fungal cells in lag phase predominantly showed degradation of nucleic acids and proteins, while fungal cells in stationary phase showed more pronounced degradation of polysaccharides and lipids. Taken together, our results indicate different molecular targets for fungal cells in lag and stationary growth phase following PDI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Baptista
- Center for Lasers and Applications, Nuclear and Energy Research Institute, IPEN - CNEN/SP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Biomedical Engineering Post-Graduation Program, Universidade Brasil, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Caetano P Sabino
- Center for Lasers and Applications, Nuclear and Energy Research Institute, IPEN - CNEN/SP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Department of Microbiology, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Silvia C Núñez
- Biomedical Engineering Post-Graduation Program, Universidade Brasil, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Walter Miyakawa
- Photonics Division, Institute for Advanced Studies, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Airton A Martin
- Biomedical Engineering Post-Graduation Program, Universidade Brasil, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Martha S Ribeiro
- Center for Lasers and Applications, Nuclear and Energy Research Institute, IPEN - CNEN/SP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Kashef N, Huang YY, Hamblin MR. Advances in antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation at the nanoscale. NANOPHOTONICS 2017; 6:853-879. [PMID: 29226063 PMCID: PMC5720168 DOI: 10.1515/nanoph-2016-0189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The alarming worldwide increase in antibiotic resistance amongst microbial pathogens necessitates a search for new antimicrobial techniques, which will not be affected by, or indeed cause resistance themselves. Light-mediated photoinactivation is one such technique that takes advantage of the whole spectrum of light to destroy a broad spectrum of pathogens. Many of these photoinactivation techniques rely on the participation of a diverse range of nanoparticles and nanostructures that have dimensions very similar to the wavelength of light. Photodynamic inactivation relies on the photochemical production of singlet oxygen from photosensitizing dyes (type II pathway) that can benefit remarkably from formulation in nanoparticle-based drug delivery vehicles. Fullerenes are a closed-cage carbon allotrope nanoparticle with a high absorption coefficient and triplet yield. Their photochemistry is highly dependent on microenvironment, and can be type II in organic solvents and type I (hydroxyl radicals) in a biological milieu. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles act as a large band-gap semiconductor that can carry out photo-induced electron transfer under ultraviolet A light and can also produce reactive oxygen species that kill microbial cells. We discuss some recent studies in which quite remarkable potentiation of microbial killing (up to six logs) can be obtained by the addition of simple inorganic salts such as the non-toxic sodium/potassium iodide, bromide, nitrite, and even the toxic sodium azide. Interesting mechanistic insights were obtained to explain this increased killing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasim Kashef
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Microbiology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ying-Ying Huang
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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41
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Pereira NLF, Aquino PEA, Júnior JGAS, Cristo JS, Vieira Filho MA, Moura FF, Ferreira NMN, Silva MKN, Nascimento EM, Correia FMA, Cunha FAB, Boligon AA, Coutinho HDM, Matias EFF, Guedes MIF. In vitro evaluation of the antibacterial potential and modification of antibiotic activity of the Eugenia uniflora L. essential oil in association with led lights. Microb Pathog 2017; 110:512-518. [PMID: 28760453 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.07.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Due to the great biodiversity of its flora, Brazil provides combat tools against bacterial resistance with the utilization of natural products with vegetable origin. Therefore, the present study had as its objective to evaluate the antibacterial potential of the Eugenia uniflora essential oil (EuEO) in vitro, as well as to analyze the modulatory effect of the oil against antibiotics by gaseous contact and to compare them when associated with a LED apparatus. The chemical components were characterised by gas chromatography which revealed the presence of the isoflurane-germacrene, considered the major component (61.69%). The MIC obtained from the EuEO was ≥256 μg/mL for S. aureus and ≥1024 μg/mL for E. coli. When combined with antibiotics, the EuEO presented synergism reducing the MIC when associated, with the exception of gentamicin against E. coli, where an antagonistic effect was observed. The was an interference of the EuEO over the activity of ciprofloxacin when associated with red and blue LED lights, increasing the inhibition halos against S. aureus and E. coli. Norfloxacin presented similar results to ciprofloxacin against S. aureus bacteria. When combined, norfloxacin and the EuEO presented synergism against S. aureus, which did not occur in the combination with ciprofloxacin. Interference occurred only with blue light for E. coli. Thus, it was observed that the EuEO causes changes in the activity of antibiotics, the same occurring with the use of LED lights, without significant differences in the association of the oil and the lights with the antibiotics tested. Further research is needed to elucidate the modulatory effects of the EuEO, as well as its association with LED lights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nara L F Pereira
- Centro Universitário Dr. Leão Sampaio - UNILEÃO, Juazeiro do Norte, CE, Brazil
| | - Pedro E A Aquino
- Centro Universitário Dr. Leão Sampaio - UNILEÃO, Juazeiro do Norte, CE, Brazil
| | - José G A S Júnior
- Centro Universitário Dr. Leão Sampaio - UNILEÃO, Juazeiro do Norte, CE, Brazil
| | | | | | - Flávio F Moura
- Centro Universitário Dr. Leão Sampaio - UNILEÃO, Juazeiro do Norte, CE, Brazil
| | - Najla M N Ferreira
- Centro Universitário Dr. Leão Sampaio - UNILEÃO, Juazeiro do Norte, CE, Brazil
| | - Maria K N Silva
- Centro Universitário Dr. Leão Sampaio - UNILEÃO, Juazeiro do Norte, CE, Brazil
| | - Eloiza M Nascimento
- Centro Universitário Dr. Leão Sampaio - UNILEÃO, Juazeiro do Norte, CE, Brazil
| | - Fabrina M A Correia
- Centro Universitário Dr. Leão Sampaio - UNILEÃO, Juazeiro do Norte, CE, Brazil
| | | | - Aline A Boligon
- Centro Universitário Dr. Leão Sampaio - UNILEÃO, Juazeiro do Norte, CE, Brazil
| | | | - Edinardo F F Matias
- Centro Universitário Dr. Leão Sampaio - UNILEÃO, Juazeiro do Norte, CE, Brazil
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Kashef N, Hamblin MR. Can microbial cells develop resistance to oxidative stress in antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation? Drug Resist Updat 2017; 31:31-42. [PMID: 28867242 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2017.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Infections have been a major cause of disease throughout the history of humans on earth. With the introduction of antibiotics, it was thought that infections had been conquered. However, bacteria have been able to develop resistance to antibiotics at an exponentially increasing rate. The growing threat from multi-drug resistant organisms calls for intensive action to prevent the emergence of totally resistant and untreatable infections. Novel, non-invasive, non-antibiotic strategies are needed that act more efficiently and faster than current antibiotics. One promising alternative is antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation (APDI), an approach that produces reactive oxygen species when dyes and light are combined. So far, it has been questionable if bacteria can develop resistance against APDI. This review paper gives an overview of recent studies concerning the susceptibility of bacteria towards oxidative stress, and suggests possible mechanisms of the development of APDI-resistance that should at least be addressed. Some ways to potentiate APDI and also to overcome future resistance are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasim Kashef
- Department of Microbiology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran; Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA; Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA; Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
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43
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Wu MF, Deichelbohrer M, Tschernig T, Laschke MW, Szentmáry N, Hüttenberger D, Foth HJ, Seitz B, Bischoff M. Chlorin e6 mediated photodynamic inactivation for multidrug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa keratitis in mice in vivo. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44537. [PMID: 28295043 PMCID: PMC5353637 DOI: 10.1038/srep44537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Following corneal epithelium scratches, mouse corneas were infected with the multidrug resistant (MDR) P. aeruginosa strain PA54. 24 hours later, 0% (for control group), 0.01%, 0.05% or 0.1% Chlorin e6 (Ce6), a second generation photosensitizer derived from chlorophyll, was combined with red light, for photodynamic inactivation (PDI). 1 hour or 2 days later, entire mouse eyes were enucleated and homogenized for counting colony forming units (CFU) of P. aeruginosa. For comparison, 0.1% Ce6 mediated PDI was started at 12 hours post infection, and 0.005% methylene blue mediated PDI 24 hours post infection. Clinical scores of corneal manifestation were recorded daily. Compared to the control, CFU 1 hour after PDI started 24 hours post infection in the 0.01% Ce6 and 0.05% Ce6 groups were significantly lower (more than one log10 reduction), the CFU 2 days post PDI higher in the 0.1% Ce6 group, clinical score lower in the 0.1% Ce6 group at 1 day post PDI. These findings suggest that PDI with Ce6 and red light has a transient efficacy in killing MDR-PA in vivo, and repetitive PDI treatments are required to fully resolve the infection. Before its clinical application, the paradoxical bacterial regrowth post PDI has to be further studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Feng Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg/Saar, Germany.,Department of Ophthalmology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Mona Deichelbohrer
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Thomas Tschernig
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Matthias W Laschke
- Institute for Clinical &Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Nóra Szentmáry
- Department of Ophthalmology, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg/Saar, Germany.,Department of Ophthalmology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Hans-Jochen Foth
- Department of Physics, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Berthold Seitz
- Department of Ophthalmology, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Markus Bischoff
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
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Novel iron phenanthroline-based photosensitizers for antimicrobial PDT: synthesis, DNA binding and photo-induced DNA cleavage activity. Med Chem Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-017-1831-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Tseng SP, Hung WC, Chen HJ, Lin YT, Jiang HS, Chiu HC, Hsueh PR, Teng LJ, Tsai JC. Effects of toluidine blue O (TBO)-photodynamic inactivation on community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY, AND INFECTION = WEI MIAN YU GAN RAN ZA ZHI 2017; 50:46-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2014.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Revised: 12/25/2014] [Accepted: 12/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Kashef N, Akbarizare M, Razzaghi MR. In vitro Activity of Linezolid in Combination with Photodynamic Inactivation Against Staphylococcus aureus Biofilms. Avicenna J Med Biotechnol 2017; 9:44-48. [PMID: 28090280 PMCID: PMC5219822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biofilm infections are a major challenge in medical practice. Bacteria that live in a biofilm phenotype are more resistant to both antimicrobial therapy and host immune responses compared to their planktonic counterparts. So, there is need for new therapeutic strategies to combat these infections. A promising approach [known as Photodynamic Inactivation (PDI)] to kill bacteria growing as biofilms uses light in combination with a photosensitizer to induce a phototoxic reaction which produces reactive oxygen species that can destroy lipids and proteins causing cell death. PDI does not always guarantee full success, so, combination of PDI with antibiotics may give increased efficiency. This study aimed to determine if PDI was effective in the eradication of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) biofilms in combination with linezolid. METHODS The susceptibility of biofilm cultures of three S. aureus strains to Methylene Blue (MB) and Toluidine Blue O (TBO)-mediated PDI was determined alone and in combination with linezolid. RESULTS Bactericidal activity (≥3 log10 reduction in viable cell count) was not achieved with MB/TBO-PDI or antibiotic treatment alone. When antibiotic treatment was combined with TBO-PDI, a greater reduction in viable count than antibiotic alone was observed for two strains. CONCLUSION This study showed that although TBO-PDI did not have good bactericidal activity against S. aureus biofilms; it increased the antimicrobial activity of linezolid against these bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasim Kashef
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran,Corresponding author: Nasim Kashef, Ph.D., Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran, Tel: +98 21 61113558, Fax: +98 21 66492992, E-mail:
| | - Mahboobeh Akbarizare
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Razzaghi
- Laser Application in Medical Sciences Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Karahan HE, Wei L, Goh K, Liu Z, Birer Ö, Dehghani F, Xu C, Wei J, Chen Y. Bacterial physiology is a key modulator of the antibacterial activity of graphene oxide. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:17181-17189. [PMID: 27722381 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr05745d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Carbon-based nanomaterials have a great potential as novel antibacterial agents; however, their interactions with bacteria are not fully understood. This study demonstrates that the antibacterial activity of graphene oxide (GO) depends on the physiological state of cells for both Gram-negative and -positive bacteria. GO susceptibility of bacteria is the highest in the exponential growth phase, which are in growing physiology, and stationary-phase (non-growing) cells are quite resistant against GO. Importantly, the order of GO susceptibility of E. coli with respect to the growth phases (exponential ≫ decline > stationary) correlates well with the changes in the envelope ultrastructures of the cells. Our findings are not only fundamentally important but also particularly critical for practical antimicrobial applications of carbon-based nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Enis Karahan
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637459, Singapore and Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology (SIMTech), Singapore, 638075, Singapore.
| | - Li Wei
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Kunli Goh
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637459, Singapore
| | - Zhe Liu
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637459, Singapore
| | - Özgür Birer
- Chemistry Department, Koç University, Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sarıyer, 34450, Istanbul, Turkey and KUYTAM Surface Science and Technology Center, Koç University, Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sarıyer, 34450, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Fariba Dehghani
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Chenjie Xu
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637459, Singapore and NTU-Northwestern Institute of Nanomedicine, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Jun Wei
- Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology (SIMTech), Singapore, 638075, Singapore.
| | - Yuan Chen
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
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48
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Gándara L, Mamone L, Dotto C, Buzzola F, Casas A. Sae regulator factor impairs the response to photodynamic inactivation mediated by Toluidine blue in Staphylococcus aureus. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2016; 16:136-141. [PMID: 27619533 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2016.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2016] [Revised: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic inactivation (PDI) involves the combined use of light and a photosensitizer, which, in the presence of oxygen, originates cytotoxic species capable of inactivating bacteria. Since the emergence of multi-resistant bacterial strains is becoming an increasing public health concern, PDI becomes an attractive choice. The aim of this work was to study the differential susceptibility to Toluidine blue (TB) mediated PDI (TB-PDI) of S. aureus mutants (RN6390 and Newman backgrounds) for different key regulators of virulence factors related to some extent to oxidative stress. Complete bacteria eradication of planktonic cultures of RN6390 S. aureus photosensitized with 13μM TB was obtained upon illumination with a low light dose of 4.2J/cm2 from a non-coherent light source. Similarly, complete cell death was achieved applying 1.3μM TB and 19J/cm2 light dose, showing that higher light doses can lead to equal cell death employing low photosensitizer concentrations. Interestingly, RN6390 in planktonic culture responded significantly better to TB-PDI than the Newman strain. We showed that deficiencies in rsbU, mgrA (transcription factors related to stress response) or agr (quorum sensing system involved in copper resistance to oxidative stress) did not modify the response of planktonic S. aureus to PDI. On the other hand, the two component system sae impaired the response to TB-PDI through a mechanism not related to the Eap adhesin. More severe conditions were needed to inactivate S. aureus biofilms (0.5mM TB, 157J/cm2 laser light). In mutant sae biofilms, strain dependant differential susceptibilities are not noticed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lautaro Gándara
- Centro de Investigaciones sobre Porfirinas y Porfirias (CIPYP), CONICET and Hospital de Clínicas José de San Martín, University of Buenos Aires, Córdoba 2351 1er subsuelo, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, CP1120AAF, Argentina
| | - Leandro Mamone
- Centro de Investigaciones sobre Porfirinas y Porfirias (CIPYP), CONICET and Hospital de Clínicas José de San Martín, University of Buenos Aires, Córdoba 2351 1er subsuelo, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, CP1120AAF, Argentina
| | - Cristian Dotto
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica (IMPaM), CONICET-UBA, Argentina
| | - Fernanda Buzzola
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica (IMPaM), CONICET-UBA, Argentina
| | - Adriana Casas
- Centro de Investigaciones sobre Porfirinas y Porfirias (CIPYP), CONICET and Hospital de Clínicas José de San Martín, University of Buenos Aires, Córdoba 2351 1er subsuelo, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, CP1120AAF, Argentina.
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Photodynamic therapy effect on cell growth inhibition induced by Radachlorin and toluidine blue O on Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli: An in vitro study. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2016; 15:213-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2016.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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50
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The potential of photodynamic therapy (PDT)-Experimental investigations and clinical use. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 83:912-929. [PMID: 27522005 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.07.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 07/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an intensively studied part of medicine based on free radicals. These reactive species, extremely harmful for whole human organism, are used for eradication numerous diseases. Specific structure of ill tissues causes accumulation free radicals inside them without attack remaining healthy tissues. A rapid development of medicine and scientific research has led to extension of PDT towards treatment many diseases such as cancer, herpes, acne and based on antimicrobials. The presented review article is focused on the aforementioned disorders with accurate analysis of the newest available scientific achievements. The discussed cases explicitly indicate on high efficacy of the therapy. In most cases, free radicals turned out to be solution of many afflictions. Photodynamic therapy can be considered as promising treatment with comparable effectiveness but without side effects characteristic for chemotherapy.
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