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Basharat Z, Foster LJ, Abbas S, Yasmin A. Comparative Proteomics of Bacteria Under Stress Conditions. Methods Mol Biol 2025; 2859:129-162. [PMID: 39436600 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-4152-1_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2024]
Abstract
Bacteria are unicellular organisms with the ability to exist in the harshest of climate and cope with sub-optimal fluctuating environmental conditions. They accomplish this by modification of their internal cellular environment. When external conditions are varied, change in the cell is triggered at the transcriptional level, which usually leads to proteolysis and rewiring of the proteome. Changes in cellular homeostasis, modifications in proteome, and dynamics of such survival mechanisms can be studied using various scientific techniques. Our focus in this chapter would be on comparative proteomics of bacteria under stress conditions using approaches like 2D electrophoresis accompanied by N-terminal sequencing and recently, mass spectrometry. More than 170 such studies on bacteria have been accomplished till to date and involve analysis of whole cells as well as that of cellular fractions, i.e., outer membrane, inner membrane, cell envelope, cytoplasm, thylakoid, lipid bodies, etc. Similar studies conducted on gram-negative and gram-positive model organism, i.e., Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis, respectively, have been summarized. Vital information, hypothesis about conservation of stress-specific proteome, and conclusions are also presented in the light of research conducted over the last decades.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leonard J Foster
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michael Smith Labs, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Sidra Abbas
- Department of Biotechnology, Fatima Jinnah Women University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Azra Yasmin
- Microbiology & Biotechnology Research Lab, Department of Environmental Sciences, Fatima Jinnah Women University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
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Verbeelen T, Fernandez CA, Nguyen TH, Gupta S, Leroy B, Wattiez R, Vlaeminck SE, Leys N, Ganigué R, Mastroleo F. Radiotolerance of N-cycle bacteria and their transcriptomic response to low-dose space-analogue ionizing irradiation. iScience 2024; 27:109596. [PMID: 38638570 PMCID: PMC11024918 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The advancement of regenerative life support systems (RLSS) is crucial to allow long-distance space travel. Within the Micro-Ecological Life Support System Alternative (MELiSSA), efficient nitrogen recovery from urine and other waste streams is vital to produce liquid fertilizer to feed food and oxygen production in subsequent photoautotrophic processes. This study explores the effects of ionizing radiation on nitrogen cycle bacteria that transform urea to nitrate. In particular, we assess the radiotolerance of Comamonas testosteroni, Nitrosomonas europaea, and Nitrobacter winogradskyi after exposure to acute γ-irradiation. Moreover, a comprehensive whole transcriptome analysis elucidates the effects of spaceflight-analogue low-dose ionizing radiation on the individual axenic strains and on their synthetic community o. This research sheds light on how the spaceflight environment could affect ureolysis and nitrification processes from a transcriptomic perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Verbeelen
- Nuclear Medical Applications (NMA), Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK CEN), Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Celia Alvarez Fernandez
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Thanh Huy Nguyen
- Department of Proteomics and Microbiology, University of Mons, Av. Du Champs de Mars 6, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Surya Gupta
- Nuclear Medical Applications (NMA), Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK CEN), Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Baptiste Leroy
- Department of Proteomics and Microbiology, University of Mons, Av. Du Champs de Mars 6, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Ruddy Wattiez
- Department of Proteomics and Microbiology, University of Mons, Av. Du Champs de Mars 6, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Siegfried E. Vlaeminck
- Research Group of Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
- Centre for Advanced Process Technology for Urban REsource Recovery (CAPTURE), Frieda Saeysstraat 1, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Natalie Leys
- Nuclear Medical Applications (NMA), Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK CEN), Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Ramon Ganigué
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Centre for Advanced Process Technology for Urban REsource Recovery (CAPTURE), Frieda Saeysstraat 1, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Felice Mastroleo
- Nuclear Medical Applications (NMA), Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK CEN), Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium
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Zheng S, Li J, Yan W, Zhao W, Ye C, Yu X. Biofilm formation and antioxidation were responsible for the increased resistance of N. eutropha to chloramination for drinking water treatment. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 254:121432. [PMID: 38461606 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Chloramination is an effective strategy for eliminating pathogens from drinking water and repressing their regrowth in water distribution systems. However, the inevitable release of NH4+ potentially promotes nitrification and associated ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) contamination. In this study, AOB (Nitrosomona eutropha) were isolated from environmental water and treated with two disinfection stages (chloramine disinfection and chloramine residues) to investigate the occurrence mechanisms of AOB in chloramination. The results showed that N. eutropha had considerable resistance to monochloramine compared to Escherichia coli, whose inactivation rate constant was 19.4-fold lower. The higher resistance was attributed to high levels of extracellular polymer substances (EPS) in AOB, which contribute to AOB surviving disinfection and entering the distribution system. In AOB response to the chloramine residues stage, the respiratory activity of N. eutropha remained at a high level after three days of continuous exposure to high chloramine residue concentrations (0.5-1.5 mg/L). Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) suggested that the mechanism of N. eutropha tolerance involved a significantly high expression of the intracellular oxidative stress-regulating (sodB, txrA) and protein-related (NE1545, NE1546) genes. Additionally, this process enhanced EPS secretion and promoted biofilm formation. Adhesion predictions based on the XDLVO theory corroborated the trend of biofilm formation. Overall, the naturally higher resistance contributed to the survival of AOB in primary disinfection; the enhanced antioxidant response of surviving N. eutropha accompanied by biofilm formation was responsible for their increased resistance to the residual chloramines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikan Zheng
- College of the Environment & Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Coastal Pollution Prevention and Control, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Jianguo Li
- College of the Environment & Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Coastal Pollution Prevention and Control, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Wanli Yan
- College of the Environment & Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Coastal Pollution Prevention and Control, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Wenya Zhao
- College of the Environment & Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Coastal Pollution Prevention and Control, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Chengsong Ye
- College of the Environment & Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Coastal Pollution Prevention and Control, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.
| | - Xin Yu
- College of the Environment & Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Coastal Pollution Prevention and Control, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.
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Hashmi MLUR, Hamid Y, Usman M, Luo J, Khan S, Sheng T, Bano N, Bhatti T, Li T. Assessing the effectiveness of 3, 4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) inhibitor in mitigating N 2O emissions from contrasting Cd-contaminated soils. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:169105. [PMID: 38070566 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Improving nitrogen use efficiency of chemical fertilizers is essential to mitigate the negative environmental impacts of nitrogen. Nitrification, the conversion of ammonium to nitrate via nitrite by soil microbes, is a prominent source of nitrogen loss in soil systems. The effectiveness of nitrification inhibitors in reducing nitrogen loss through inhibition of nitrification is well-documented, however, their efficacy in heavy metals-contaminated soils needs thorough investigations. The current study assessed the efficacy of nitrification inhibitor 3, 4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) in reducing nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions in cadmium (Cd) contaminated paddy and red soils under lab-controlled environment. Obtained results indicated the substantial reduction in N2O emissions with DMPP in paddy and red soil by 48 and 35 %, respectively. However, Cd contamination resulted in reduced efficacy of DMPP, thus decreased the N2O emissions by 36 and 25 % in paddy and red soil, respectively. It was found that addition of DMPP had a significant effect on the abundance of ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and archaea (AOA). Notably, the reduction in N2O emissions by DMPP varied with the abundance of AOB. Moreover, Cd pollution resulted in a significant (P < 0.05) reduction in the abundance of archaeal and bacterial amoA genes, as well as bacterial nirK, nirS, and nosZ genes. The combined treatment of Cd and DMPP had a detrimental impact on denitrifiers, thereby influencing the overall efficiency of DMPP. These findings provide novel insights into the application of DMPP to mitigate nitrification and its potential role in reducing N2O emissions in contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Laeeq Ur Rehman Hashmi
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yasir Hamid
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Muhammad Usman
- Université de Rennes, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, CNRS, ISCR-UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Jipeng Luo
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Sangar Khan
- Department of Geography and Spatial Information Techniques, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Tang Sheng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Nabila Bano
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Pakistan Tobacco Board, Ministry of National Food Security and Research, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Tingqiang Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Paśmionka IB, Herbut P, Kaczor G, Chmielowski K, Gospodarek J, Boligłowa E, Bik-Małodzińska M, Vieira FMC. Influence of COD in Toxic Industrial Wastewater from a Chemical Concern on Nitrification Efficiency. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:14124. [PMID: 36361004 PMCID: PMC9657722 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192114124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
COD is an arbitrary indicator of the content of organic and inorganic compounds in wastewater. The aim of this research was to determine the effect of COD of industrial wastewater on the nitrification process. This research covered wastewater from acrylonitrile and styrene-butadiene rubbers, emulsifiers, polyvinyl acetate, styrene, solvents (butyl acetate, ethyl acetate) and owipian® (self-extinguishing polystyrene intended for expansion) production. The volume of the analyzed wastewater reflected the active sludge load in the real biological treatment system. This research was carried out by the method of short-term tests. The nitrification process was inhibited to the greatest extent by wastewater from the production of acrylonitrile (approx. 51%) and styrene-butadiene (approx. 60%) rubbers. In these wastewaters, nitrification inhibition occurred due to the high COD load and the presence of inhibitors. Four-fold dilution of the samples resulted in a two-fold reduction in the inhibition of nitrification. On the other hand, in the wastewater from the production of emulsifiers and polyvinyl acetate, a two-fold reduction in COD (to the values of 226.4 mgO2·dm-3 and 329.8 mgO2·dm-3, respectively) resulted in a significant decrease in nitrification inhibition. Wastewater from the production of styrene, solvents (butyl acetate, ethyl acetate) and owipian® inhibited nitrification under the influence of strong inhibitors. Lowering the COD value of these wastewaters did not significantly reduce the inhibition of nitrification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona B. Paśmionka
- Department of Microbiology and Biomonitoring, Faculty of Agriculture and Economics, University of Agriculture in Krakow, 31-120 Krakow, Poland
| | - Piotr Herbut
- Department of Rural Building, Faculty of Environmental Engineering and Land Surveying, University of Agriculture in Krakow, 31-120 Krakow, Poland
- Biometeorology Study Group (GEBIOMET), Universida de Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (UTFPR), Estrada para Boa Esperança, km 04, Comunidade São Cristóvão, Dois Vizinhos 85660-000, Brazil
| | - Grzegorz Kaczor
- Department of Sanitary Engineering and Water Management, Faculty of Environmental Engineering and Land Surveying, University of Agriculture in Krakow, 31-120 Krakow, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Chmielowski
- Department of Sanitary Engineering and Water Management, Faculty of Environmental Engineering and Land Surveying, University of Agriculture in Krakow, 31-120 Krakow, Poland
| | - Janina Gospodarek
- Department of Microbiology and Biomonitoring, Faculty of Agriculture and Economics, University of Agriculture in Krakow, 31-120 Krakow, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Boligłowa
- Department of Microbiology and Biomonitoring, Faculty of Agriculture and Economics, University of Agriculture in Krakow, 31-120 Krakow, Poland
| | - Marta Bik-Małodzińska
- Institute of Soil Science, Engineering and Environmental Management, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-069 Lublin, Poland
| | - Frederico Márcio C. Vieira
- Biometeorology Study Group (GEBIOMET), Universida de Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (UTFPR), Estrada para Boa Esperança, km 04, Comunidade São Cristóvão, Dois Vizinhos 85660-000, Brazil
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Rivera-Araya J, Heine T, Chávez R, Schlömann M, Levicán G. Transcriptomic analysis of chloride tolerance in Leptospirillum ferriphilum DSM 14647 adapted to NaCl. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0267316. [PMID: 35486621 PMCID: PMC9053815 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0267316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Chloride ions are toxic for most acidophilic microorganisms. In this study, the chloride tolerance mechanisms in the acidophilic iron-oxidizing bacterium Leptospirillum ferriphilum DSM 14647 adapted to 180 mM NaCl were investigated by a transcriptomic approach. Results showed that 99 genes were differentially expressed in the adapted versus the non-adapted cultures, of which 69 and 30 were significantly up-regulated or down-regulated, respectively. Genes that were up-regulated include carbonic anhydrase, cytochrome c oxidase (ccoN) and sulfide:quinone reductase (sqr), likely involved in intracellular pH regulation. Towards the same end, the cation/proton antiporter CzcA (czcA) was down-regulated. Adapted cells showed a higher oxygen consumption rate (2.2 x 10−9 ppm O2 s-1cell-1) than non-adapted cells (1.2 x 10−9 ppm O2 s-1cell-1). Genes coding for the antioxidants flavohemoprotein and cytochrome c peroxidase were also up-regulated. Measurements of the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level revealed that adapted cells had a lower level than non-adapted cells, suggesting that detoxification of ROS could be an important strategy to withstand NaCl. In addition, data analysis revealed the up-regulation of genes for Fe-S cluster biosynthesis (iscR), metal reduction (merA) and activation of a cellular response mediated by diffusible signal factors (DSFs) and the second messenger c-di-GMP. Several genes related to the synthesis of lipopolysaccharide and peptidoglycan were consistently down-regulated. Unexpectedly, the genes ectB, ectC and ectD involved in the biosynthesis of the compatible solutes (hydroxy)ectoine were also down-regulated. In line with these findings, although hydroxyectoine reached 20 nmol mg-1 of wet biomass in non-adapted cells, it was not detected in L. ferriphilum adapted to NaCl, suggesting that this canonical osmotic stress response was dispensable for salt adaptation. Differentially expressed transcripts and experimental validations suggest that adaptation to chloride in acidophilic microorganisms involves a multifactorial response that is different from the response in other bacteria studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Rivera-Araya
- Biology Department, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago of Chile (USACH), Santiago, Chile
| | - Thomas Heine
- Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Biosciences, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Freiberg, Germany
| | - Renato Chávez
- Biology Department, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago of Chile (USACH), Santiago, Chile
| | - Michael Schlömann
- Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Biosciences, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Freiberg, Germany
| | - Gloria Levicán
- Biology Department, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago of Chile (USACH), Santiago, Chile
- * E-mail:
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Karnaukh EA, Bravaya KB. The redox potential of a heme cofactor in Nitrosomonas europaea cytochrome c peroxidase: a polarizable QM/MM study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:16506-16515. [PMID: 34017969 PMCID: PMC11178132 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp06632j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Redox reactions are crucial to biological processes that protect organisms against oxidative stress. Metalloenzymes, such as peroxidases which reduce excess reactive oxygen species into water, play a key role in detoxification mechanisms. Here we present the results of a polarizable QM/MM study of the reduction potential of the electron transfer heme in the cytochrome c peroxidase of Nitrosomonas europaea. We have found that environment polarization does not substantially affect the computed value of the redox potential. Particular attention has been given to analyzing the role of electrostatic interactions within the protein environment and the solvent on tuning the redox potential of the heme co-factor. We have found that the electrostatic interactions predominantly explain the fluctuations of the vertical ionization/attachment energies of the heme for the sampled configurations, and that the long range electrostatic interactions (up to 40 Å) contribute substantially to the absolute values of the vertical energy gaps.
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Ma X, Yan Y, Wang W, Guo J, Wang Y. Metatranscriptomic analysis of adaptive response of anammox bacteria Candidatus 'Kuenenia stuttgartiensis' to Zn(II) exposure. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 246:125682. [PMID: 31901527 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Zn(II) is frequently detected in biological nitrogen removal systems treating high-strength wastewater (e.g., landfill leachate), yet the cellular defense strategies of anammox bacteria against Zn(II) cytotoxicity is largely unknown. To uncover survival mechanisms under Zn(II) stress, responses of enriched anammox bacteria Candidatus 'Kuenenia stuttgartiensis' under exposure of various levels of Zn (II) were investigated through metatranscriptomic sequencing. Although increasing Zn(II) levels (50, 100 and 150 mg/L) resulted in decreasing anammox activities (86.1 ± 0.8%, 66.1 ± 1.4% and 43.9 ± 1.5% of the control, respectively), the viable cells in anammox sludge remained stable. Candidatus 'K. stuttgartiensis' possesses a complex network of regulatory systems to confer cells with the ability against Zn(II) toxicity, including functions related to substrate degradation, Zn(II) efflux, chelation, DNA repair, protein degradation, protein synthesis and signal transduction processes. Particularly, in order to maintain Zn(II) homeostasis, Candidatus 'K. stuttgartiensis' upregulated genes encoding RND efflux family (czcA, czcB, czcC, kustd1923 and kuste2279) for exporting Zn(II) actively. These heavy metal exporting genes could act as "sentinel genes" to detect the initial stage of Zn(II) inhibition on anammox bacteria, which might be beneficial to develop a diagnostic approach to predict the risk of operational failure when Zn(II) shock occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, PR China
| | - Yuan Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, PR China
| | - Weigang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, PR China
| | - Jianhua Guo
- Advanced Water Management Centre (AWMC), The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Yayi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, PR China.
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Afzal M, Yu M, Tang C, Zhang L, Muhammad N, Zhao H, Feng J, Yu L, Xu J. The negative impact of cadmium on nitrogen transformation processes in a paddy soil is greater under non-flooding than flooding conditions. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 129:451-460. [PMID: 31154147 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.05.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Nitrification and denitrification are two important processes in the nitrogen (N) cycle. Under heavy-metal pollution with water management of paddy soils, these two processes are not well understood. This study aimed to examine the effect of cadmium (Cd) on N transformation under flooding and non-flooding conditions. A paddy soil was incubated under two water regimes (flooding and non-flooding) and four Cd levels (0, 2, 5 and 10 mg kg-1). The availability of Cd was higher in the non-flooding than flooding conditions. Cadmium contamination significantly (p ≤ 0.05) decreased the copy number of archaeal and bacterial amoA genes, bacterial nirS, nirK and nosZ genes under both conditions with the decrease being greater under non-flooding. High level of Cd (10 mg kg-1) was more toxic in non-flooding than flooding conditions to the nitrifiers and denitrifiers, which in turn decreased N transformation through microbially-mediated processes. Its contamination decreased N2O emission initially under both water regimes but the effect was greater under the non-flooding condition. However, the non-significant stimulatory effect of Cd on N2O emission was observed during the late phase. The microbial community structure was changed with time and water regimes. Irrespective of water regime, the dominated fungal phyla were Ascomycota and Basidiomycota while the dominated bacteria phyla were Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, Firmicutes and Acidobacteria. In summary, water regimes and Cd bioavailability changed soil N transformations via microbial mediated processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Afzal
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Mengjie Yu
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Caixian Tang
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, AgriBio - Centre for AgriBioscience, La Trobe University (Melbourne Campus), Bundoora, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Lujun Zhang
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Niaz Muhammad
- Department of Microbiology, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat 26000, Pakistan
| | - Haochun Zhao
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jiayin Feng
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Lu Yu
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jianming Xu
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Alviz-Gazitua P, Fuentes-Alburquenque S, Rojas LA, Turner RJ, Guiliani N, Seeger M. The Response of Cupriavidus metallidurans CH34 to Cadmium Involves Inhibition of the Initiation of Biofilm Formation, Decrease in Intracellular c-di-GMP Levels, and a Novel Metal Regulated Phosphodiesterase. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1499. [PMID: 31338076 PMCID: PMC6629876 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cadmium is a highly toxic heavy metal for biological systems. Cupriavidus metallidurans CH34 is a model strain to study heavy metal resistance and bioremediation as it is able to deal with high heavy metal concentrations. Biofilm formation by bacteria is mediated by the second messenger bis-(3′–5′)-cyclic dimeric guanosine monophosphate (c-di-GMP). The aim of this study was to characterize the response of C. metallidurans CH34 planktonic and biofilm cells to cadmium including their c-di-GMP regulatory pathway. Inhibition of the initiation of biofilm formation and EPS production by C. metallidurans CH34 correlates with increased concentration of cadmium. Planktonic and biofilm cells showed similar tolerance to cadmium. During exposure to cadmium an acute decrease of c-di-GMP levels in planktonic and biofilm cells was observed. Transcription analysis by RT-qPCR showed that cadmium exposure to planktonic and biofilm cells induced the expression of the urf2 gene and the mercuric reductase encoding merA gene, which belong to the Tn501/Tn21 mer operon. After exposure to cadmium, the cadA gene involved in cadmium resistance was equally upregulated in both lifestyles. Bioinformatic analysis and complementation assays indicated that the protein encoded by the urf2 gene is a functional phosphodiesterase (PDE) involved in the c-di-GMP metabolism. We propose to rename the urf2 gene as mrp gene for metal regulated PDE. An increase of the second messenger c-di-GMP content by the heterologous expression of the constitutively active diguanylate cyclase PleD correlated with an increase in biofilm formation and cadmium susceptibility. These results indicate that the response to cadmium in C. metallidurans CH34 inhibits the initiation of biofilm lifestyle and involves a decrease in c-di-GMP levels and a novel metal regulated PDE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Alviz-Gazitua
- Laboratorio de Comunicación Bacteriana, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular y Biotecnología Ambiental, Departamento de Química and Centro de Biotecnología, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Valparaíso, Chile.,Ph.D. Program of Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sebastián Fuentes-Alburquenque
- Microbial Ecology of Extreme Systems Laboratory, Biological Sciences Faculty, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luis A Rojas
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular y Biotecnología Ambiental, Departamento de Química and Centro de Biotecnología, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Valparaíso, Chile.,Department of Chemistry, Universidad Catoìlica del Norte, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Raymond J Turner
- Biofilm Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Nicolas Guiliani
- Laboratorio de Comunicación Bacteriana, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Michael Seeger
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular y Biotecnología Ambiental, Departamento de Química and Centro de Biotecnología, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Valparaíso, Chile
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11
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Wu J, Zhan M, Chang Y, Su Q, Yu R. Adaption and recovery of Nitrosomonas europaea to chronic TiO 2 nanoparticle exposure. WATER RESEARCH 2018; 147:429-439. [PMID: 30342338 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.09.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Although the adverse impacts of emerging nanoparticles (NPs) on the biological nitrogen removal (BNR) process have been broadly reported, the adaptive responses of NP-impaired nitrifiers and the related mechanisms have seldom been addressed to date. Here, we systematically explored the adaption and recovery capacities of the ammonia oxidizer Nitrosomonas europaea under chronic TiO2 NP exposure and different dissolved oxygen (DO) conditions at the physiological and transcriptional levels in a chemostat reactor. N. europaea cells adapted to 50 mg/L TiO2 NP exposure after 40-d incubation and the inhibited cell growth, membrane integrity, nitritation rate, and ammonia monooxygenase activity all recovered regardless of the DO concentrations. Transmission electron microscope imaging indicated the remission of the membrane distortion after the cells' 40-d adaption to the NP exposure. The microarray results further suggested that the metabolic processes associated with the membrane repair were pivotal for cellular adaption/recovery, such as the membrane efflux for toxicant exclusion, the structural preservation or stabilization, and the osmotic equilibrium adjustment. In addition, diverse metabolic and stress-defense pathways, including aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, respiratory chain, ATP production, toxin-antitoxin 'stress-fighting', and DNA repair were activated for the cellular adaption coupled with the metabolic activity recovery, probably via recovering the energy production/conversion efficiency and mediating the non-photooxidative stress. Finally, low DO (0.5 mg/L) incubated cells were more susceptible to TiO2 NP exposure and required more time to adapt to and recover from the stress, which was probably due to the stimulation limitation of the oxygen-dependent energy metabolism with a lower oxygen supply. The findings of this study provide new insights into NP contamination control and management adjustments during the BNR process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junkang Wu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Energy and Environment, Wuxi Engineering Research Center of Taihu Lake Water Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210096, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China; Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
| | - Manjun Zhan
- Nanjing Research Institute of Environmental Protection, Nanjing Environmental Protection Bureau, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210013, China
| | - Yan Chang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Energy and Environment, Wuxi Engineering Research Center of Taihu Lake Water Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210096, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
| | - Qingxian Su
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
| | - Ran Yu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Energy and Environment, Wuxi Engineering Research Center of Taihu Lake Water Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210096, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China.
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12
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Miyamoto T, Yokota A, Ota Y, Tsuruga M, Aoi R, Tsuneda S, Noda N. Nitrosomonas europaea MazF Specifically Recognises the UGG Motif and Promotes Selective RNA Degradation. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2386. [PMID: 30349517 PMCID: PMC6186784 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems are implicated in prokaryotic stress adaptation. Previously, bioinformatics analysis predicted that such systems are abundant in some slowly growing chemolithotrophs; e.g., Nitrosomonas europaea. Nevertheless, the molecular functions of these stress-response modules remain largely unclear, limiting insight regarding their physiological roles. Herein, we show that one of the putative MazF family members, encoded at the ALW85_RS04820 locus, constitutes a functional toxin that engenders a TA pair with its cognate MazE antitoxin. The coordinate application of a specialised RNA-Seq and a fluorescence quenching technique clarified that a unique triplet, UGG, serves as the determinant for MazF cleavage. Notably, statistical analysis predicted that two transcripts, which are unique in the autotroph, comprise the prime targets of the MazF endoribonuclease: hydroxylamine dehydrogenase (hao), which is essential for ammonia oxidation, and a large subunit of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rbcL), which plays an important role in carbon assimilation. Given that N. europaea obtains energy and reductants via ammonia oxidation and the carbon for its growth from carbon dioxide, the chemolithotroph might use the MazF endoribonuclease to modulate its translation profile and subsequent biochemical reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuki Miyamoto
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan.,Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Akiko Yokota
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yuri Ota
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan.,Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Masako Tsuruga
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Rie Aoi
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan.,Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Satoshi Tsuneda
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naohiro Noda
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan.,Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Ibaraki, Japan
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13
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Barker LK, Giska JR, Radniecki TS, Semprini L. Effects of short- and long-term exposure of silver nanoparticles and silver ions to Nitrosomonas europaea biofilms and planktonic cells. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 206:606-614. [PMID: 29778938 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The increasing use of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in consumer products, and their resulting influx into wastewater, may pose a threat to biological nutrient removal in wastewater treatment plants. Planktonic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB), which convert ammonia to nitrite in the first step of nitrification, are highly sensitive to AgNPs and their released silver ions (Ag+), but the sensitivity of AOB biofilms to AgNPs and Ag+ is less clear. This study demonstrated that biofilms of Nitrosomonas europaea, a model AOB, were more resistant to both short-term and long-term exposure to AgNP and Ag+ than planktonic cells. The increased resistance of N. europaea biofilms was attributed primarily to the increased biomass and slower growth rates present in the biofilm. Similar inhibition mechanisms were observed for AgNPs and Ag+ in both planktonic cells and biofilms with enzymatic inhibition observed at lower concentrations and cell lysis observed at higher concentrations. Long-term continuous exposure to AgNPs lowered the inhibitory concentration by 1-2 orders of magnitude below that required by short-term exposures. Although the total AgNP load was similar between the short and long-term exposure scenarios, the long-term exposure resulted in an order of magnitude more silver being associated in the biofilms and is the primary reason for the increased sensitivity observed. This suggests that short-term batch toxicity assays may greatly underestimate the sensitivity of biofilm treatment systems to long-term exposures of low concentrations of AgNPs and Ag+.
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Affiliation(s)
- L K Barker
- School of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - J R Giska
- School of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - T S Radniecki
- School of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
| | - L Semprini
- School of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
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14
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Liu J, Cao W, Jiang H, Cui J, Shi C, Qiao X, Zhao J, Si W. Impact of Heavy Metal Pollution on Ammonia Oxidizers in Soils in the Vicinity of a Tailings Dam, Baotou, China. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2018; 101:110-116. [PMID: 29744521 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-018-2345-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Soil heavy metal pollution has received increasing attention due to their toxicity to soil microorganisms. We have analyzed the effects of heavy metal pollution on ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) in soils in the vicinity of a tailings dam of Baotou region, China. Results showed that AOB were dominated with Nitrosomonas-like clusters, while AOA was dominated by group1.1b (Nitrososphaera cluster). Single Cd and Cr contents, as well as compound heavy metal pollution levels, had a significant negative impact on soil potential nitrification rate and both diversities of AOA and AOB. No clear relationship was found between any single heavy metal and abundance of AOA or AOB. But compound pollution could significantly decrease AOA abundance. The results indicated that heavy metal pollution had an obviously deleterious effect on the abundance, diversity, activity and composition of ammonia oxidizers in natural soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jumei Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Huhhot, 010021, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, 014010, China
| | - Weiwei Cao
- School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Huhhot, 010021, China
| | - Haiming Jiang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, 014010, China
| | - Jing Cui
- School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Huhhot, 010021, China
| | - Chunfang Shi
- School of Life Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, 014010, China
| | - Xiaohui Qiao
- School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Huhhot, 010021, China
| | - Ji Zhao
- School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Huhhot, 010021, China.
| | - Wantong Si
- School of Life Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, 014010, China.
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15
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Evidence of prokaryote like protein associated with nickel resistance in higher plants: horizontal transfer of TonB-dependent receptor/protein in Betula genus or de novo mechanisms? Heredity (Edinb) 2016; 118:358-365. [PMID: 27804963 DOI: 10.1038/hdy.2016.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Revised: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms of metal resistance have been reported in many plants but knowledge in woody species is scarce. The TonB-dependent receptors family (TBDTs) is a large group of proteins that facilitate the transport of molecules across the membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. Some evidence exists that TBDTs are involved in metal stress. The existence of a TonB-like mechanism in non-prokaryotes has not been established. The recent development of the Betula papyrifera (white birch) transcriptome has allowed the discovery of genes involved in plant adaptation to stress. The main objective of the present study was to identify novel genes associated with nickel resistance in B. papyrifera. Our results from next generation sequencing and RT-qPCR analyses show that genes involved in transport activities are upregulated in nickel-resistant genotypes compared with susceptible forms. Detailed analysis of gene expression and genome analysis shows for the first time the existence of a TonB-dependent receptor and TonB-like family protein in non-prokaryotes. In addition, we have found that these proteins are associated with nickel resistance in B. papyrifera. Our experiments suggest that the TonB-dependent receptor may be exclusive to the Betula genus, suggesting that Betula species may have acquired the gene via horizontal gene transfer from prokaryotes or fungi.
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16
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Effects of Bacterial Community Members on the Proteome of the Ammonia-Oxidizing Bacterium Nitrosomonas sp. Strain Is79. Appl Environ Microbiol 2016; 82:4776-4788. [PMID: 27235442 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01171-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Microorganisms in the environment do not exist as the often-studied pure cultures but as members of complex microbial communities. Characterizing the interactions within microbial communities is essential to understand their function in both natural and engineered environments. In this study, we investigated how the presence of a nitrite-oxidizing bacterium (NOB) and heterotrophic bacteria affect the growth and proteome of the chemolithoautotrophic ammonia-oxidizing bacterium (AOB) Nitrosomonas sp. strain Is79. We investigated Nitrosomonas sp. Is79 in co-culture with Nitrobacter winogradskyi, in co-cultures with selected heterotrophic bacteria, and as a member of the nitrifying enrichment culture G5-7. In batch culture, N. winogradskyi and heterotrophic bacteria had positive effects on the growth of Nitrosomonas sp. Is79. An isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) proteomics approach was used to investigate the effect of N. winogradskyi and the co-cultured heterotrophic bacteria from G5-7 on the proteome of Nitrosomonas sp. Is79. In co-culture with N. winogradskyi, several Nitrosomonas sp. Is79 oxidative stress response proteins changed in abundance, with periplasmic proteins increasing and cytoplasmic proteins decreasing in abundance. In the presence of heterotrophic bacteria, the abundance of proteins directly related to the ammonia oxidation pathway increased, while the abundance of proteins related to amino acid synthesis and metabolism decreased. In summary, the proteome of Nitrosomonas sp. Is79 was differentially influenced by the presence of either N. winogradskyi or heterotrophic bacteria. Together, N. winogradskyi and heterotrophic bacteria reduced the oxidative stress for Nitrosomonas sp. Is79, which resulted in more efficient metabolism. IMPORTANCE Aerobic ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms play an important role in the global nitrogen cycle, converting ammonia to nitrite. In their natural environment, they coexist and interact with nitrite oxidizers, which convert nitrite to nitrate, and with heterotrophic microorganisms. The presence of nitrite oxidizers and heterotrophic bacteria has a positive influence on the growth of the ammonia oxidizers. Here, we present a study investigating the effect of nitrite oxidizers and heterotrophic bacteria on the proteome of a selected ammonia oxidizer in a defined culture to elucidate how these two groups improve the performance of the ammonia oxidizer. The results show that the presence of a nitrite oxidizer and heterotrophic bacteria reduced the stress for the ammonia oxidizer and resulted in more efficient energy generation. This study contributes to our understanding of microbe-microbe interactions, in particular between ammonia oxidizers and their neighboring microbial community.
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17
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Kapoor V, Elk M, Li X, Santo Domingo J. Inhibitory effect of cyanide on wastewater nitrification determined using
SOUR
and
RNA
‐based gene‐specific assays. Lett Appl Microbiol 2016; 63:155-61. [DOI: 10.1111/lam.12603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Revised: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- V. Kapoor
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education Oak Ridge TN USA
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development Cincinnati OH USA
| | - M. Elk
- Pegasus Technical Services, Inc. Cincinnati OH USA
| | - X. Li
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education Oak Ridge TN USA
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development Cincinnati OH USA
| | - J.W. Santo Domingo
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development Cincinnati OH USA
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18
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AAU-Specific RNA Cleavage Mediated by MazF Toxin Endoribonuclease Conserved in Nitrosomonas europaea. Toxins (Basel) 2016; 8:toxins8060174. [PMID: 27271670 PMCID: PMC4926141 DOI: 10.3390/toxins8060174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitrosomonas europaea carries numerous toxin-antitoxin systems. However, despite the abundant representation in its chromosome, studies have not surveyed the underlying molecular functions in detail, and their biological roles remain enigmatic. In the present study, we found that a chromosomally-encoded MazF family member, predicted at the locus NE1181, is a functional toxin endoribonuclease, and constitutes a toxin-antitoxin system, together with its cognate antitoxin, MazE. Massive parallel sequencing provided strong evidence that this toxin endoribonuclease exhibits RNA cleavage activity, primarily against the AAU triplet. This sequence-specificity was supported by the results of fluorometric assays. Our results indicate that N. europaea alters the translation profile and regulates its growth using the MazF family of endoribonuclease under certain stressful conditions.
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19
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Kapoor V, Li X, Chandran K, Impellitteri CA, Santo Domingo JW. Use of functional gene expression and respirometry to study wastewater nitrification activity after exposure to low doses of copper. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:6443-6450. [PMID: 26627696 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5843-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Autotrophic nitrification in biological nitrogen removal systems has been shown to be sensitive to the presence of heavy metals in wastewater treatment plants. Using transcriptase-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) data, we examined the effect of copper on the relative expression of functional genes (i.e., amoA, hao, nirK, and norB) involved in redox nitrogen transformation in batch enrichment cultures obtained from a nitrifying bioreactor operated as a continuous reactor (24-h hydraulic retention time). 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene next-generation sequencing showed that Nitrosomonas-like populations represented 60-70% of the bacterial community, while other nitrifiers represented <5%. We observed a strong correspondence between the relative expression of amoA and hao and ammonia removal in the bioreactor. There were no considerable changes in the transcript levels of amoA, hao, nirK, and norB for nitrifying samples exposed to copper dosages ranging from 0.01 to 10 mg/L for a period of 12 h. Similar results were obtained when ammonia oxidation activity was measured via specific oxygen uptake rate (sOUR). The lack of nitrification inhibition by copper at doses lower than 10 mg/L may be attributed to the role of copper as cofactor for ammonia monooxygenase or to the sub-inhibitory concentrations of copper used in this study. Overall, these results demonstrate the use of molecular methods combined with conventional respirometry assays to better understand the response of wastewater nitrifying systems to the presence of copper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikram Kapoor
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
- Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH, 45268, USA
| | - Xuan Li
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
- Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH, 45268, USA
| | - Kartik Chandran
- Department of Earth and Environmental Engineering, Columbia University, 500 West 120th Street, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | | | - Jorge W Santo Domingo
- Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH, 45268, USA.
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20
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Huang X, Feng Y, Hu C, Xiao X, Yu D, Zou X. Mechanistic model for interpreting the toxic effects of sulfonamides on nitrification. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2016; 305:123-129. [PMID: 26651069 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Revised: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotics are categorized as pseudopersistent compounds because of their widespread use and continuous emission into the environment. Biological systems such as active sludge and biofilms are still the principal tools used to remove antibiotics in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Consequently, it is important to determine the relationship between toxic effects in biological WWTPs and the structural characteristics of antibiotics. In the present study, toxic effects of 10 sulfonamides (SAs) on nitrification in an active sludge system were studied. The toxicity results (half-effective concentrations, EC50) indicated that the toxicity of sulfadimethoxine (SDM) is approximately 4 times as large as that of sulfadiazine (SD). Based on the toxicity mechanism and the partial least squares regression (PLS) method, an optimum quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) model was developed for the test system. The mechanistic model showed that the pKa, the binding energies between SAs with dihydropteroate synthetase ( [Formula: see text] ) and the binding energies between SAs with ammonia monooxygenase ( [Formula: see text] ) are the key factors affecting the toxic effects of SAs on nitration process in active sludge system, following an order of importance of [Formula: see text] > [Formula: see text] >pKa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangfeng Huang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yi Feng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Cui Hu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; School of Life Science, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an 343009, China
| | - Xiaoyu Xiao
- School of Life Science, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an 343009, China
| | - Daliang Yu
- School of Life Science, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an 343009, China
| | - Xiaoming Zou
- School of Life Science, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an 343009, China.
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21
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Kapoor V, Elk M, Li X, Impellitteri CA, Santo Domingo JW. Effects of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) on nitrification inhibition as determined by SOUR, function-specific gene expression and 16S rRNA sequence analysis of wastewater nitrifying enrichments. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 147:361-367. [PMID: 26774300 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.12.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Revised: 12/19/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The effect of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) on nitrification was examined with samples from nitrifying enrichment cultures using three different approaches: by measuring substrate (ammonia) specific oxygen uptake rates (SOUR), by using RT-qPCR to quantify the transcripts of functional genes involved in nitrification, and by analysis of 16S rRNA sequences to determine changes in structure and activity of the microbial communities. The nitrifying bioreactor was operated as a continuous reactor with a 24 h hydraulic retention time. The samples were exposed in batch vessels to Cr(III) (10-300 mg/L) and Cr(VI) (1-30 mg/L) for a period of 12 h. There was considerable decrease in SOUR with increasing dosages for both Cr(III) and Cr(VI), however Cr(VI) was more inhibitory than Cr(III). Based on the RT-qPCR data, there was reduction in the transcript levels of amoA and hao for increasing Cr(III) dosage, which corresponded well with the ammonia oxidation activity measured via SOUR. For Cr(VI) exposure, there was comparatively little reduction in amoA expression while hao expression decreased for 1-3 mg/L Cr(VI) and increased at 30 mg/L Cr(VI). While Nitrosomonas spp. were the dominant bacteria in the bioreactor, based on 16S rRNA sequencing, there was a considerable reduction in Nitrosomonas activity upon exposure to 300 mg/L Cr(III). In contrast, a relatively small reduction in activity was observed at 30 mg/L Cr(VI) loading. Our data that suggest that both Cr(III) and Cr(VI) were inhibitory to nitrification at concentrations near the high end of industrial effluent concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikram Kapoor
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA
| | - Michael Elk
- Pegasus Technical Services, Inc., Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA
| | - Xuan Li
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA
| | | | - Jorge W Santo Domingo
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA.
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22
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Rodríguez-Rojas F, Díaz-Vásquez W, Undabarrena A, Muñoz-Díaz P, Arenas F, Vásquez C. Mercury-mediated cross-resistance to tellurite in Pseudomonas spp. isolated from the Chilean Antarctic territory. Metallomics 2016; 8:108-17. [DOI: 10.1039/c5mt00256g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Mercury salts and tellurite are among the most toxic compounds for microorganisms on Earth.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Rodríguez-Rojas
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular
- Facultad de Química y Biología
- Universidad de Santiago de Chile
- Santiago, Chile
| | - W. Díaz-Vásquez
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular
- Facultad de Química y Biología
- Universidad de Santiago de Chile
- Santiago, Chile
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud
| | - A. Undabarrena
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular y Biotecnología Ambiental
- Facultad de Química, & Centro de Biotecnología Daniel Alkalay Lowitt
- Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María
- Valparaíso, Chile
| | - P. Muñoz-Díaz
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular
- Facultad de Química y Biología
- Universidad de Santiago de Chile
- Santiago, Chile
| | - F. Arenas
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular
- Facultad de Química y Biología
- Universidad de Santiago de Chile
- Santiago, Chile
| | - C. Vásquez
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular
- Facultad de Química y Biología
- Universidad de Santiago de Chile
- Santiago, Chile
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Kapoor V, Li X, Elk M, Chandran K, Impellitteri CA, Santo Domingo JW. Impact of Heavy Metals on Transcriptional and Physiological Activity of Nitrifying Bacteria. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:13454-62. [PMID: 26501957 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b02748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals can inhibit nitrification, a key process for nitrogen removal in wastewater treatment. The transcriptional responses of amoA, hao, nirK, and norB were measured in conjunction with specific oxygen uptake rate (sOUR) for nitrifying enrichment cultures exposed to different metals (Ni(II), Zn(II), Cd(II), and Pb(II)). There was significant decrease in sOUR with increasing concentrations for Ni(II) (0.03-3 mg/L), Zn(II) (0.1-10 mg/L), and Cd(II) (0.03-1 mg/L) (p < 0.05). However, no considerable changes in sOUR were observed with Pb(II) (1-100 mg/L), except at a dosage of 1000 mg/L causing 84% inhibition. Based on RT-qPCR data, the transcript levels of amoA and hao decreased when exposed to Ni(II) dosages. Slight up-regulation of amoA, hao, and nirK (0.5-1.5-fold) occurred after exposure to 0.3-3 mg/L Zn(II), although their expression decreased for 10 mg/L Zn(II). With the exception of 1000 mg/L Pb(II), stimulation of all genes occurred on Cd(II) and Pb(II) exposure. While overall the results show that RNA-based function-specific assays can be used as potential surrogates for measuring nitrification activity, the degree of inhibition inferred from sOUR and gene transcription is different. We suggest that variations in transcription of functional genes may supplement sOUR based assays as early warning indicators of upsets in nitrification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikram Kapoor
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268, United States
| | - Xuan Li
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268, United States
| | - Michael Elk
- Pegasus Technical Services, Inc., Cincinnati, Ohio 45268, United States
| | - Kartik Chandran
- Department of Earth and Environmental Engineering, Columbia University , New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Christopher A Impellitteri
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268, United States
| | - Jorge W Santo Domingo
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268, United States
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24
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Luque-Almagro V, Escribano M, Manso I, Sáez L, Cabello P, Moreno-Vivián C, Roldán M. DNA microarray analysis of the cyanotroph Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes CECT5344 in response to nitrogen starvation, cyanide and a jewelry wastewater. J Biotechnol 2015; 214:171-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2015.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Revised: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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25
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Michels C, Yang Y, Moreira Soares H, Alvarez PJJ. Silver nanoparticles temporarily retard NO2 - production without significantly affecting N2 O release by Nitrosomonas europaea. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2015; 34:2231-2235. [PMID: 26010547 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Revised: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Nitrifying bacteria are highly susceptible to silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). However, the effect of sublethal exposure to AgNPs after their release of nitrogenous compounds of environmental concern (e.g., the greenhouse gas nitrous oxide [N2 O] and the common water pollutant nitrite [NO2 -]) has not been systematically investigated. The present study reports the effect of AgNPs (and potentially released silver ions [Ag(+) ]) on NO2 - and N2 O production by Nitrosomonas europaea, and on the transcription of the associated genes. The release of NO2 - was more negatively affected than the production of N2 O. For example, exposure to AgNPs at 0.075 mg/L temporarily enhanced N2 O production (by 12%) without affecting nitrite release, whereas higher AgNP concentrations (>0.25 mg/L) inhibited NO2 - release (by >12%) but not N2 O production. Transcriptomic analyses corroborated these trends; AgNPs at 0.075 mg/L increased the expression of the nitric oxide reductase gene (norQ) associated with N2 O production (by 5.3-fold to 12.8-fold), whereas both 0.075 mg/L of Ag(+) and 0.75 mg/L of AgNPs down-regulated the ammonia monooxygenase gene (amoA2; by 0.08-fold to 0.15-fold and 0.32-fold to 0.64-fold, respectively), the nitrite reductase gene (nirK; by 0.01-fold to 0.02-fold and 0.22-fold to 0.44-fold, respectively), and norQ (by 0.11-fold to 0.15-fold and 0.32-fold to 0.57-fold, respectively). These results suggest that AgNP release to sewage treatment plants and land application of AgNP-containing biosolids should be minimized because of their potential temporary stimulation of N2 O release and interference with nitrification. Environ Toxicol Chem 2015;34:2231-2235. © 2015 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Michels
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Yu Yang
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Hugo Moreira Soares
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Pedro J J Alvarez
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA
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26
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Papp B, Török T, Sándor E, Fekete E, Flipphi M, Karaffa L. High cell density cultivation of the chemolithoautotrophic bacterium Nitrosomonas europaea. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2015; 61:191-8. [PMID: 26358065 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-015-0425-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Nitrosomonas europaea is a chemolithoautotrophic nitrifier, a gram-negative bacterium that can obtain all energy required for growth from the oxidation of ammonia to nitrite, and this may be beneficial for various biotechnological and environmental applications. However, compared to other bacteria, growth of ammonia oxidizing bacteria is very slow. A prerequisite to produce high cell density N. europaea cultures is to minimize the concentrations of inhibitory metabolic by-products. During growth on ammonia nitrite accumulates, as a consequence, N. europaea cannot grow to high cell concentrations under conventional batch conditions. Here, we show that single-vessel dialysis membrane bioreactors can be used to obtain substantially increased N. europaea biomasses and substantially reduced nitrite levels in media initially containing high amounts of the substrate. Dialysis membrane bioreactor fermentations were run in batch as well as in continuous mode. Growth was monitored with cell concentration determinations, by assessing dry cell mass and by monitoring ammonium consumption as well as nitrite formation. In addition, metabolic activity was probed with in vivo acridine orange staining. Under continuous substrate feed, the maximal cell concentration (2.79 × 10(12)/L) and maximal dry cell mass (0.895 g/L) achieved more than doubled the highest values reported for N. europaea cultivations to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedek Papp
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, H-4032, Egyetem tér 1, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tibor Török
- Safety and Environmental Department, TEVA Pharmaceutical Ltd., H-4032, Pallagi u. 13, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Erzsébet Sándor
- Institute of Food Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, H-4032, Böszörményi út 138, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Erzsébet Fekete
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, H-4032, Egyetem tér 1, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Michel Flipphi
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, H-4032, Egyetem tér 1, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Levente Karaffa
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, H-4032, Egyetem tér 1, Debrecen, Hungary.
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27
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Fujita Y, Barnes J, Eslamimanesh A, Lencka MM, Anderko A, Riman RE, Navrotsky A. Effects of Simulated Rare Earth Recycling Wastewaters on Biological Nitrification. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:9460-8. [PMID: 26132866 PMCID: PMC5380465 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b01753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Increasing rare earth element (REE) supplies by recycling and expanded ore processing will result in generation of new wastewaters. In some cases, disposal to a sewage treatment plant may be favored, but plant performance must be maintained. To assess the potential effects of such wastewaters on biological treatment, model nitrifying organisms Nitrosomonas europaea and Nitrobacter winogradskyi were exposed to simulated wastewaters containing varying levels of yttrium or europium (10, 50, and 100 ppm), and the extractant tributyl phosphate (TBP, at 0.1 g/L). Y and Eu additions at 50 and 100 ppm inhibited N. europaea, even when virtually all of the REE was insoluble. Provision of TBP with Eu increased N. europaea inhibition, although TBP alone did not substantially alter activity. For N. winogradskyi cultures, Eu or Y additions at all tested levels induced significant inhibition, and nitrification shut down completely with TBP addition. REE solubility was calculated using the previously developed MSE (Mixed-Solvent Electrolyte) thermodynamic model. The model calculations reveal a strong pH dependence of solubility, typically controlled by the precipitation of REE hydroxides but also likely affected by the formation of unknown phosphate phases, which determined aqueous concentrations experienced by the microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiko Fujita
- Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho Falls, ID 83415
- Corresponding Author Contact Information: ; Tel. (+1) 208-526-1242; Fax (+1) 208 526 0828, . Mail Stop: 83415-2203
| | - Joni Barnes
- Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho Falls, ID 83415
| | - Ali Eslamimanesh
- OLI Systems Inc., 240 Cedar Knolls Road, Suite 301, Cedar Knolls, NJ 07927
| | | | - Andrzej Anderko
- OLI Systems Inc., 240 Cedar Knolls Road, Suite 301, Cedar Knolls, NJ 07927
| | - Richard E. Riman
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, 607 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ 08855
| | - Alexandra Navrotsky
- Peter A. Rock Thermochemistry Laboratory and NEAT ORU, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616
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28
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Jiang D, Khunjar WO, Wett B, Murthy SN, Chandran K. Characterizing the metabolic trade-off in Nitrosomonas europaea in response to changes in inorganic carbon supply. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:2523-2531. [PMID: 25546702 DOI: 10.1021/es5043222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The link between the nitrogen and one-carbon cycles forms the metabolic basis for energy and biomass synthesis in autotrophic nitrifying organisms, which in turn are crucial players in engineered nitrogen removal processes. To understand how autotrophic nitrifying organisms respond to inorganic carbon (IC) conditions that could be encountered in engineered partially nitrifying systems, we investigated the response of one of the most extensively studied model ammonia oxidizing bacteria, Nitrosomonas europaea (ATCC19718), to three IC availability conditions: excess gaseous and excess ionic IC supply (40× stoichiometric requirement), excess gaseous IC supply (4× stoichiometric requirement in gaseous form only), and limiting IC supply (0.25× stoichiometric requirement). We found that, when switching from excess gaseous and excess ionic IC supply to excess gaseous IC supply, N. europaea chemostat cultures demonstrated an acclimation period that was characterized by transient decreases in the ammonia removal efficiency and transient peaks in the specific oxygen uptake rate. Limiting IC supply led to permanent reactor failures (characterized by biomass washout and failure of ammonia removal) that were preceded by similar decreases in the ammonia removal efficiency and peaks in the specific oxygen uptake rate. Notably, both excess gaseous IC supply and limiting IC supply elicited a previously undocumented increase in nitric and nitrous oxide emissions. Further, gene expression patterns suggested that excess gaseous IC supply and limiting IC supply led to consistent up-regulation of ammonia respiration genes and carbon assimilation genes. Under these conditions, interrogation of the N. europaea proteome revealed increased levels of carbon fixation and transport proteins and decreased levels of ammonia oxidation proteins (active in energy synthesis pathways). Together, the results indicated that N. europaea mobilized enhanced IC scavenging pathways for biosynthesis and turned down respiratory pathways for energy synthesis, when challenged with excess gaseous IC supply and limiting IC supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Jiang
- Department of Earth and Environmental Engineering, Columbia University , 500 W. 120th Street, Mudd 918, New York, New York 10027-4711, United States
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Inoue D, Pang J, Matsuda M, Sei K, Nishida K, Ike M. Development of a whole community genome amplification-assisted DNA microarray method to detect functional genes involved in the nitrogen cycle. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 30:2907-15. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-014-1718-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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30
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Fukushima T, Whang LM, Lee YC, Putri DW, Chen PC, Wu YJ. Transcriptional responses of bacterial amoA gene to dimethyl sulfide inhibition in complex microbial communities. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2014; 165:137-144. [PMID: 24666625 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2013] [Revised: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/01/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This study presented an approach by combining the real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction with the terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) to investigate transcriptional responses of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) to dimethyl sulfide (DMS) inhibition. Batch experiments with added ammonium and DMS were conducted using three activated sludges and Nitrosomonas europaea, and the transcriptional responses of the amo subunit A (amoA) mRNA were evaluated. It was found that DMS inhibited ammonium oxidation and amoA mRNA expression in all batch experiments but the inhibition degree observed was different for different sludges examined. It is likely that the different inhibitory effects of DMS on ammonium oxidation and amoA mRNA expression stemmed from different dominant AOB populations in the sludges. The T-RFLP results for amoA mRNA suggested that inhibition of ammonium oxidation by DMS to Nm. europaea-like AOB with T-RF 219/270 is relatively minor compared to other AOB populations in the examined sludges, such as Nm. europaea-like AOB with T-RF 491/491.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshikazu Fukushima
- Department of Environmental Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Road, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Ming Whang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Road, Tainan 701, Taiwan; Sustainable Environment Research Laboratory (SERL), National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Road, Tainan 701, Taiwan; Research Center for Energy Technology and Strategy (RCETS), National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Road, Tainan 701, Taiwan.
| | - Ya-Ching Lee
- Department of Environmental Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Road, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Dyah Wulandari Putri
- Department of Environmental Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Road, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Po-Chun Chen
- Department of Environmental Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Road, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ju Wu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Road, Tainan 701, Taiwan; Sustainable Environment Research Laboratory (SERL), National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Road, Tainan 701, Taiwan
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31
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Gómez-Sagasti MT, Becerril JM, Martín I, Epelde L, Garbisu C. cDNA microarray assessment of early gene expression profiles in Escherichia coli cells exposed to a mixture of heavy metals. Cell Biol Toxicol 2014; 30:207-32. [DOI: 10.1007/s10565-014-9281-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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32
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Vasileiadis S, Coppolecchia D, Puglisi E, Balloi A, Mapelli F, Hamon RE, Daffonchio D, Trevisan M. Response of ammonia oxidizing bacteria and archaea to acute zinc stress and different moisture regimes in soil. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2012; 64:1028-1037. [PMID: 22688860 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-012-0081-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2012] [Accepted: 05/29/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Ammonia oxidation has been intensively studied for its sensitivity to environmental shifts and stresses. However, acute stress effects on the occurrence and composition of ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and archaea (AOA) based on expression of related molecular markers in complex soil environments have been to an extent overlooked, particularly concerning transient but commonly occurring environmental changes like soil moisture shifts. The present study investigates the responses of AOB and AOA to moisture shifts and high Zn soil content. AmoA gene copies and transcripts of AOB and AOA along with potential nitrification activity were measured in a soil microcosm approach for investigating the referred environmental shifts. Moisture change from 87 to 50 % of the water holding capacity caused a ~99 % reduction of AOB but not of AOA amoA transcripts that did not change significantly. Increasing applied zinc concentrations resulted in a reduction of potential nitrification rates and negatively affected studied gene expressions of both AOB and AOA, with AOB being more responsive. Both 16 S rRNA and amoA transcripts of AOB had an inverse relation to the applied zinc, indicating a gradual loss in total cell activity. Our results suggest the existence of pronounced differences between AOB and AOA concerning ammonia oxidation activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sotirios Vasileiadis
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Chemistry, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
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Insights into glycogen metabolism in chemolithoautotrophic bacteria from distinctive kinetic and regulatory properties of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase from Nitrosomonas europaea. J Bacteriol 2012; 194:6056-65. [PMID: 22961847 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00810-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrosomonas europaea is a chemolithoautotroph that obtains energy by oxidizing ammonia in the presence of oxygen and fixes CO(2) via the Benson-Calvin cycle. Despite its environmental and evolutionary importance, very little is known about the regulation and metabolism of glycogen, a source of carbon and energy storage. Here, we cloned and heterologously expressed the genes coding for two major putative enzymes of the glycogen synthetic pathway in N. europaea, ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase and glycogen synthase. In other bacteria, ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase catalyzes the regulatory step of the synthetic pathway and glycogen synthase elongates the polymer. In starch synthesis in plants, homologous enzymes play similar roles. We purified to homogeneity the recombinant ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase from N. europaea and characterized its kinetic, regulatory, and oligomeric properties. The enzyme was allosterically activated by pyruvate, oxaloacetate, and phosphoenolpyruvate and inhibited by AMP. It had a broad thermal and pH stability and used different divalent metal ions as cofactors. Depending on the cofactor, the enzyme was able to accept different nucleotides and sugar phosphates as alternative substrates. However, characterization of the recombinant glycogen synthase showed that only ADP-Glc elongates the polysaccharide, indicating that ATP and glucose-1-phosphate are the physiological substrates of the ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase. The distinctive properties with respect to selectivity for substrates and activators of the ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase were in good agreement with the metabolic routes operating in N. europaea, indicating an evolutionary adaptation. These unique properties place the enzyme in a category of its own within the family, highlighting the unique regulation in these organisms.
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34
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Arnaout CL, Gunsch CK. Impacts of silver nanoparticle coating on the nitrification potential of Nitrosomonas europaea. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2012; 46:5387-5395. [PMID: 22533675 DOI: 10.1021/es204540z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are increasingly used as bacteriostatic agents to prevent microbial growth. AgNPs are manufactured with a variety of coatings, and their potential impacts on wastewater treatment in general are poorly understood. In the present study, Nitrosomonas europaea, a model ammonia oxidizing bacterium, was exposed to AgNPs with citrate, gum arabic (GA), and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). GA and citrate AgNPs inhibited nitrification most strongly (67.9 ± 3.6% and 91.4 ± 0.2%, respectively at 2 ppm). Our data indicate that Ag(+) dissolution and colloid stability of AgNPs were the main factors in AgNP toxicity. In general, low amounts of dissolved Ag initially caused a post-transcriptional interruption of membrane-bound nitrifying enzyme function, reducing nitrification by 10% or more. A further increase in dissolved Ag resulted in heavy metal stress response (e.g., merA up-regulation) and ultimately led to membrane disruption. The highest effect on membrane disruption was observed for citrate AgNPs (64 ± 11% membranes compromised at 2 ppm), which had high colloidal stability. This study demonstrates that coating plays a very important role in determining Ag dissolution and ultimately toxicity to nitrifiers. More research is needed to characterize these parameters in complex growth media such as wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina L Arnaout
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Duke University, Box 90287, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
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35
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Yang Y, Wang J, Zhu H, Colvin VL, Alvarez PJ. Relative susceptibility and transcriptional response of nitrogen cycling bacteria to quantum dots. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2012; 46:3433-41. [PMID: 22360857 DOI: 10.1021/es203485f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about the potential impacts of accidental or incidental releases of manufactured nanomaterials to microbial ecosystem services (e.g., nutrient cycling). Here, quantum dots (QDs) coated with cationic polyethylenimine (PEI) were more toxic to pure cultures of nitrogen-cycling bacteria than QDs coated with anionic polymaleic anhydride-alt-1-octadecene (PMAO). Nitrifying bacteria (i.e., Nitrosomonas europaea) were much more susceptible than nitrogen fixing (i.e., Azotobacter vinelandii, Rhizobium etli, and Azospirillum lipoferum) and denitrifying bacteria (i.e., Pseudomonas stutzeri). Antibacterial activity was mainly exerted by the QDs rather than by their organic coating or their released QD components (e.g., Cd and Zn), which under the near-neutral pH tested (to minimize QD weathering) were released into the bacterial growth media at lower levels than their minimum inhibitory concentrations. Sublethal exposure to QDs stimulated the expression of genes associated with nitrogen cycling. QD-PEI (10 nM) induced three types of nitrogenase genes (nif, anf, and vnf) in A. vinelandii, and one ammonia monooxygenase gene (amoA) in N. europaea was up-regulated upon exposure to 1 nM QD-PEI. We previously reported up-regulation of denitrification genes in P. stutzeri exposed to low concentrations of QD-PEI. (1) Whether this surprising stimulation of nitrogen cycling activities reflects the need to generate more energy to overcome toxicity (in the case of nitrification or denitrification) or to synthesize organic nitrogen to repair or replace damaged proteins (in the case of nitrogen fixation) remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
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Yu R, Lai B, Vogt S, Chandran K. Elemental profiling of single bacterial cells as a function of copper exposure and growth phase. PLoS One 2011; 6:e21255. [PMID: 21698126 PMCID: PMC3116902 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0021255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2010] [Accepted: 05/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The elemental composition of single cells of Nitrosomonas europaea 19718 was studied via synchrotron X-ray fluorescence microscopy (XFM) as a function of inhibition by divalent copper (Cu(II)) and batch growth phase. Based on XFM, the intracellular Cu concentrations in exponential phase cultures of N. europaea exposed to Cu(II) were statistically higher than in stationary phase cultures at the 95% confidence interval (α = 0.05). However, the impact of Cu inferred from specific oxygen uptake rate (sOUR) measurements at the two physiological states was statistically not dissimilar at the Cu(II) doses tested, except at 1000 µM Cu(II), at which exponential phase cultures were significantly more inhibited. Furthermore, the elemental composition in uninhibited exponential and stationary phase N. europaea cultures was similar. Notably, the molar fractions of Cu and Fe, relative to other elements in N. europaea cultures were statistically higher than those recently reported in Pseudomonas fluorescens possibly owing to the preponderance of metal cofactor rich catalytic enzymes (such as ammonia monooxygenase) and electron transport mechanisms in N. europaea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Yu
- Department of Earth and Environmental Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Barry Lai
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Stefan Vogt
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Kartik Chandran
- Department of Earth and Environmental Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Investigating Nitrosomonas europaea Stress Biomarkers in Batch, Continuous Culture, and Biofilm Reactors. Methods Enzymol 2011; 496:217-46. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-386489-5.00009-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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Gvakharia BO, Tjaden B, Vajrala N, Sayavedra-Soto LA, Arp DJ. Computational prediction and transcriptional analysis of sRNAs in Nitrosomonas europaea. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2010; 312:46-54. [PMID: 20840601 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2010.02095.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial small noncoding RNAs (sRNAs) have been discovered in many genetically well-studied microorganisms and have been shown to regulate critical cellular processes at the post-transcriptional level. In this study, we used comparative genomics and microarray data to analyze the genome of the ammonia-oxidizing bacterium Nitrosomonas europaea for the presence and expression of sRNAs. Fifteen genes encoding putative sRNAs (psRNAs) were identified. Most of these genes showed altered expression in a variety of experimental conditions. The transcripts of two psRNAs were further characterized by mapping their 5'- and 3'-ends and by real-time PCR. The results of these analyses suggested that one of them, psRNA11, is involved in iron homeostasis in N. europaea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara O Gvakharia
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
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Choi J, Kotay SM, Goel R. Various physico-chemical stress factors cause prophage induction in Nitrosospira multiformis 25196--an ammonia oxidizing bacteria. WATER RESEARCH 2010; 44:4550-8. [PMID: 20630557 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2010.04.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2009] [Revised: 04/05/2010] [Accepted: 04/27/2010] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Bacteriophages are viruses that infect bacteria and contribute significant changes in the overall bacterial community. Prophages are formed when temperate bacteriophages integrate their DNA into the bacterial chromosome during the lysogenic cycle of the phage infection to bacteria. The prophage (phage DNA integrated into bacterial genome) on the bacterial genome remains dormant, but can cause cell lysis under certain environmental conditions. This research examined the effect of various environmental stress factors on the ammonia oxidation and prophage induction in a model ammonia oxidizing bacteria Nitrosospira multiformis ATCC 25196. The factors included in the study were pH, temperature, organic carbon (COD), the presence of heavy metal in the form of chromium (VI) and the toxicity as potassium cyanide (KCN). The selected environmental factors are commonly encountered in wastewater treatment processes, where ammonia oxidizing bacteria play a pivotal role of converting ammonia into nitrite. All the factors could induce prophage from N. multiformis demonstrating that cell lysis due to prophage induction could be an important mechanism contributing to the frequent upset in ammonia oxidation efficiency in full scale treatment plants. Among the stress factors considered, pH in the acidic range was the most detrimental to the nitrification efficiency by N. multiformis. The number of virus like particles (VLPs) increased by 2.3E+10 at pH 5 in 5h under acidic pH conditions. The corresponding increases in VLPs at pH values of 7 and 8 were 9.67E+9 and 1.57E+10 in 5h respectively. Cell lysis due to stress resulting in phage induction seemed the primary reason for deteriorated ammonia oxidation by N. multiformis at lower concentrations of Cr (VI) and potassium cyanide. However, direct killing of N. multiformis due to the binding of Cr (VI) and potassium cyanide with cell protein as demonstrated in the literature at higher concentrations of these toxic compounds was the primary mechanism of cell lysis of N. multiformis. Organics represented by the chemical oxygen demand (COD) did not have any effect on the phage induction in N. multiformis. This AOB remained dormant at low temperature (4 degrees C) without any phage induction. Significant decrease in the number of live N. multiformis cells with a corresponding increase in the number of VLPs was recorded when the temperature was increased to 35 degrees C. Death of N. multiformis at 45 degrees C was attributed to the destruction of cell wall rather than to the phage induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeongdong Choi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, USA
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Nitrification and degradation of halogenated hydrocarbons--a tenuous balance for ammonia-oxidizing bacteria. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2010; 86:435-44. [PMID: 20146060 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-010-2454-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2009] [Revised: 01/14/2010] [Accepted: 01/14/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The process of nitrification has the potential for the in situ bioremediation of halogenated compounds provided a number of challenges can be overcome. In nitrification, the microbial process where ammonia is oxidized to nitrate, ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) are key players and are capable of carrying out the biodegradation of recalcitrant halogenated compounds. Through industrial uses, halogenated compounds often find their way into wastewater, contaminating the environment and bodies of water that supply drinking water. In the reclamation of wastewater, halogenated compounds can be degraded by AOB but can also be detrimental to the process of nitrification. This minireview considers the ability of AOB to carry out cometabolism of halogenated compounds and the consequent inhibition of nitrification. Possible cometabolism monitoring methods that were derived from current information about AOB genomes are also discussed. AOB expression microarrays have detected mRNA of genes that are expressed at higher levels during stress and are deemed "sentinel" genes. Promoters of selected "sentinel" genes have been cloned and used to drive the expression of gene-reporter constructs. The latter are being tested as early warning biosensors of cometabolism-induced damage in Nitrosomonas europaea with promising results. These and other biosensors may help to preserve the tenuous balance that exists when nitrification occurs in waste streams containing alternative AOB substrates such as halogenated hydrocarbons.
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Woznica A, Nowak A, Beimfohr C, Karczewski J, Bernas T. Monitoring structure and activity of nitrifying bacterial biofilm in an automatic biodetector of water toxicity. CHEMOSPHERE 2010; 78:1121-1128. [PMID: 20096440 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2009] [Revised: 12/11/2009] [Accepted: 12/14/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Automatic biodetector of water toxicity is a biosensor based on monitoring of catalytic activity of the nitrifying bacteria. To create a standardized biosensing system, development of the biofilm must be characterized to determine the prerequisites for its biological (biocatalytic) stability. In this paper, growth of biofilm comprising ammonium-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) in the open cellular polyurethane material polyurethane sponge bioreactor has been investigated. Dynamics of the biofilm formation was estimated using AOB and NOB metabolic activity and the volume occupied by these two types of bacteria in the biofilm. Spectrophotometry liquid ion chromatography and image cytometry were used, respectively, for these measurements. A mathematical model of the dynamics of biofilm formation was established. These data indicate that open cellular polyurethane material is a good basis for the immobilization of nitrifying bacteria. Moreover, growth of the biofilm leads to its stable structural form, whose biocatalytic activity (12.29 for AOB and 6.84 micromol min(-1) for NOB) is constant in the long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Woznica
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland.
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Radniecki TS, Semprini L, Dolan ME. Expression ofmerA,trxA,amoA, andhaoin continuously culturedNitrosomonas europaeacells exposed to cadmium sulfate additions. Biotechnol Bioeng 2009; 104:1004-11. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.22454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Lipczynska-Kochany E, Kochany J. Effect of humate on biological treatment of wastewater containing heavy metals. CHEMOSPHERE 2009; 77:279-284. [PMID: 19679330 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2009] [Revised: 07/16/2009] [Accepted: 07/17/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents results of investigations on the influence of humic substances (humate, HS) on the biological treatment of wastewater containing heavy metals (Cr,Cu,Fe,Mn,Ni, and Zn). Respirometric studies indicated that the investigated system complied with the Haldane model for inhibitory wastes. Chemical analyses showed that, while the soluble COD removal was high (82%), only 7% of ammonia was oxidized to nitrate. An addition of HS (500mg L(-1)) mitigated the inhibitory effect of the wastewater on the returned activated sludge. The system with HS complied with the Monod model for non-inhibitory wastes, and the removal of ammonia and metals was 99% and over 90%, respectively. It is suggested that an application of HS could be beneficial for treatment plants receiving wastewater streams containing heavy metals.
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Park S, Ely RL. Whole-genome transcriptional and physiological responses ofNitrosomonas europaeato cyanide: Identification of cyanide stress response genes. Biotechnol Bioeng 2009; 102:1645-53. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.22194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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