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Hammami I, Graça MPF, Gavinho SR, Jakka SK, Borges JP, Silva JC, Costa LC. Exploring the Impact of Copper Oxide Substitution on Structure, Morphology, Bioactivity, and Electrical Properties of 45S5 Bioglass ®. Biomimetics (Basel) 2024; 9:213. [PMID: 38667224 PMCID: PMC11048336 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics9040213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, the requirements for implantable medical devices have increased, but the risks of implant rejection still exist. These issues are primarily associated with poor osseointegration, leading to biofilm formation on the implant surface. This study focuses on addressing these issues by developing a biomaterial for implant coatings. 45S5 bioglass® has been widely used in tissue engineering due to its ability to form a hydroxyapatite layer, ensuring a strong bond between the hard tissue and the bioglass. In this context, 45S5 bioglasses®, modified by the incorporation of different amounts of copper oxide, from 0 to 8 mol%, were synthesized by the melt-quenching technique. The incorporation of Cu ions did not show a significant change in the glass structure. Since the bioglass exhibited the capacity for being polarized, thereby promoting the osseointegration effectiveness, the electrical properties of the prepared samples were studied using the impedance spectroscopy method, in the frequency range of 102-106 Hz and temperature range of 200-400 K. The effects of CuO on charge transport mobility were investigated. Additionally, the bioactivity of the modified bioglasses was evaluated through immersion tests in simulated body fluid. The results revealed the initiation of a Ca-P-rich layer formation on the surface within 24 h, indicating the potential of the bioglasses to enhance the bone regeneration process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imen Hammami
- I3N and Physics Department, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (I.H.); (M.P.F.G.); (S.R.G.); (S.K.J.)
| | - Manuel Pedro Fernandes Graça
- I3N and Physics Department, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (I.H.); (M.P.F.G.); (S.R.G.); (S.K.J.)
| | - Sílvia Rodrigues Gavinho
- I3N and Physics Department, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (I.H.); (M.P.F.G.); (S.R.G.); (S.K.J.)
| | - Suresh Kumar Jakka
- I3N and Physics Department, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (I.H.); (M.P.F.G.); (S.R.G.); (S.K.J.)
| | - João Paulo Borges
- CENIMAT-I3N and Materials Science Department, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal;
| | - Jorge Carvalho Silva
- CENIMAT-I3N and Physics Department, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal;
| | - Luís Cadillon Costa
- I3N and Physics Department, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (I.H.); (M.P.F.G.); (S.R.G.); (S.K.J.)
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2
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Behzadinasab S, Williams MD, Falkinham Iii JO, Ducker WA. Antimicrobial mechanism of cuprous oxide (Cu 2O) coatings. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 652:1867-1877. [PMID: 37688933 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.08.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
Some very effective antimicrobial coatings exploit copper or cuprous oxide (Cu2O) as the active agent. The aim of this study is to determine which species is the active antimicrobial - dissolved ions, the Cu2O solid, or reactive oxygen species. Copper ions were leached from Cu2O into various solutions and the leachate tested for both dissolved copper and the efficacy in killing Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The concentration of copper species leached from Cu2O into aqueous solution varied greatly with the composition of the aqueous solution. For a range of solution buffers, killing of P. aeruginosa was highly correlated with the concentration of copper in the leachate. Further, 10 µL bacterial suspension droplets were placed on Cu2O coatings, with or without a polymer barrier layer, and tested for bacterial kill. Killing occurred without contact between bacterium and solid, demonstrating that contact with Cu2O is not necessary. We therefore conclude that soluble copper species are the antimicrobial agent, and that the most potent species is Cu+. The solid quickly raises and sustains the concentration of soluble copper species near the bacterium. Killing via soluble copper ions rather than contact should allow copper coatings to kill bacteria even when fouled, which is an important practical consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Behzadinasab
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA; Center for Soft Matter and Biological Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA; Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA.
| | - Myra D Williams
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA.
| | | | - William A Ducker
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA; Center for Soft Matter and Biological Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA; Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA.
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3
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Reyes-Carmona L, Sepúlveda-Robles OA, Almaguer-Flores A, Bello-Lopez JM, Ramos-Vilchis C, Rodil SE. Antimicrobial activity of silver-copper coating against aerosols containing surrogate respiratory viruses and bacteria. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0294972. [PMID: 38079398 PMCID: PMC10712891 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The transmission of bacteria and respiratory viruses through expelled saliva microdroplets and aerosols is a significant concern for healthcare workers, further highlighted during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. To address this issue, the development of nanomaterials with antimicrobial properties for use as nanolayers in respiratory protection equipment, such as facemasks or respirators, has emerged as a potential solution. In this study, a silver and copper nanolayer called SakCu® was deposited on one side of a spun-bond polypropylene fabric using the magnetron sputtering technique. The antibacterial and antiviral activity of the AgCu nanolayer was evaluated against droplets falling on the material and aerosols passing through it. The effectiveness of the nanolayer was assessed by measuring viral loads of the enveloped virus SARS-CoV-2 and viability assays using respiratory surrogate viruses, including PaMx54, PaMx60, PaMx61 (ssRNA, Leviviridae), and PhiX174 (ssDNA, Microviridae) as representatives of non-enveloped viruses. Colony forming unit (CFU) determination was employed to evaluate the survival of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. The results demonstrated a nearly exponential reduction in SARS-CoV-2 viral load, achieving complete viral load reduction after 24 hours of contact incubation with the AgCu nanolayer. Viability assays with the surrogate viruses showed a significant reduction in viral replication between 2-4 hours after contact. The simulated viral filtration system demonstrated inhibition of viral replication ranging from 39% to 64%. The viability assays with PhiX174 exhibited a 2-log reduction in viral replication after 24 hours of contact and a 16.31% inhibition in viral filtration assays. Bacterial growth inhibition varied depending on the species, with reductions ranging from 70% to 92% for aerobic bacteria and over 90% for anaerobic strains. In conclusion, the AgCu nanolayer displayed high bactericidal and antiviral activity in contact and aerosol conditions. Therefore, it holds the potential for incorporation into personal protective equipment to effectively reduce and prevent the transmission of aerosol-borne pathogenic bacteria and respiratory viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Reyes-Carmona
- Laboratorio de Biointerfases, DEPeI, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX, México
- Programa de Maestría y Doctorado en Ciencias Médicas Odontológicas y de la Salud, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX, México
| | - Omar A. Sepúlveda-Robles
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Genética Humana, UMAE Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional "Siglo XXI", Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), CDMX, México
| | - Argelia Almaguer-Flores
- Laboratorio de Biointerfases, DEPeI, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX, México
| | - Juan Manuel Bello-Lopez
- Dirección de Investigación, Hospital Juárez de México, Magdalena de las Salinas, CDMX, México
| | - Carlos Ramos-Vilchis
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX, México
| | - Sandra E. Rodil
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX, México
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4
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Mitchell AL, Lee SH, McEnroe DJ, Null EL, Sternquist DA, Hufziger KA, Rice BJ, Scrimshire A, Bingham PA, Gross TM. Antimicrobial Fe 2O 3-CuO-P 2O 5 glasses. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17472. [PMID: 37838823 PMCID: PMC10576775 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44743-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Glasses with high antimicrobial efficacy were developed in the Fe2O3-CuO-P2O5 ternary system to mitigate fomite-mediated transmission of infectious diseases in high-risk settings such as hospitals, daycares, and nursing homes. Binary CuO-P2O5 glasses were not durable enough for use as high touch point articles, so Fe2O3 was added to the compositions to increase the chemical durability. The amount of Cu leachate decreased by at least 3 orders of magnitude when Fe2O3 was increased from 0 to 13.1 mol%. At the highest Fe2O3 contents and corresponding highest durability, the glass was no longer able to pass a test of antimicrobial efficacy with < 3 log kill compared to > 5 log kill for all other compositions. Ab-initio molecular dynamics simulations showed increasing bridging oxygen species at the expense of non-bridging oxygen species with the increase in Fe2O3 content, showing that the glasses exhibited increased chemical durability because they were more interconnected and structurally bound. Experimental results with glasses at fixed CuO and decreasing Fe2O3 confirmed that Fe2O3 content (not CuO) controlled the Cu release rate and, thus, the antimicrobial efficacy of the glasses. The significance of the oxidation state of the leached Cu was overwhelmed by the importance of the amount of Cu leachate.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sung Hoon Lee
- Corning Technology Center Korea, Corning Precision Materials Co., Ltd., 212 Tangjeong-ro, Asan, Chungcheongnam-do, 31454, Republic of Korea
| | - David J McEnroe
- Corning Incorporated, 1 Riverfront Plaza, Corning, NY, 14831, USA
| | - Eric L Null
- Corning Incorporated, 1 Riverfront Plaza, Corning, NY, 14831, USA
| | | | | | - Brian J Rice
- Corning Incorporated, 1 Riverfront Plaza, Corning, NY, 14831, USA
| | - Alex Scrimshire
- Materials and Engineering Research Institute, Sheffield Hallam University, City Campus, Sheffield, S1 1WB, UK
| | - Paul A Bingham
- Materials and Engineering Research Institute, Sheffield Hallam University, City Campus, Sheffield, S1 1WB, UK
| | - Timothy M Gross
- Corning Incorporated, 1 Riverfront Plaza, Corning, NY, 14831, USA
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5
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Duarte ME, Garavito-Duarte Y, Kim SW. Impacts of F18 +Escherichia coli on Intestinal Health of Nursery Pigs and Dietary Interventions. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2791. [PMID: 37685055 PMCID: PMC10487041 DOI: 10.3390/ani13172791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
This review focused on the impact of F18+E. coli on pig production and explored nutritional interventions to mitigate its deleterious effects. F18+E. coli is a primary cause of PWD in nursery pigs, resulting in substantial economic losses through diminished feed efficiency, morbidity, and mortality. In summary, the F18+E. coli induces intestinal inflammation with elevated IL6 (60%), IL8 (43%), and TNF-α (28%), disrupting the microbiota and resulting in 14% villus height reduction. Besides the mortality, the compromised intestinal health results in a 20% G:F decrease and a 10% ADFI reduction, ultimately culminating in a 28% ADG decrease. Among nutritional interventions to counter F18+E. coli impacts, zinc glycinate lowered TNF-α (26%) and protein carbonyl (45%) in jejunal mucosa, resulting in a 39% ADG increase. Lactic acid bacteria reduced TNF-α (36%), increasing 51% ADG, whereas Bacillus spp. reduced IL6 (27%), increasing BW (12%). Lactobacillus postbiotic increased BW (14%) and the diversity of beneficial bacteria. Phytobiotics reduced TNF-α (23%) and IL6 (21%), enhancing feed efficiency (37%). Additional interventions, including low crude protein formulation, antibacterial minerals, prebiotics, and organic acids, can be effectively used to combat F18+E. coli infection. These findings collectively underscore a range of effective strategies for managing the challenges posed by F18+E. coli in pig production.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sung Woo Kim
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; (M.E.D.); (Y.G.-D.)
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6
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Li H, Zhang L, Zhang X, Zhu G, Zheng D, Luo S, Wu M, Li WH, Liu FQ. Self-Enhanced Antibacterial and Antifouling Behavior of Three-Dimensional Porous Cu 2O Nanoparticles Functionalized by an Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Matrix. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:38808-38820. [PMID: 37526484 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c06905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Cu2O is currently an important protective material for domestic engineering and equipment used to exploit marine resources. Cu+ is considered to have more effective antibacterial and antifouling activities than Cu2+. However, disproportionation of Cu+ in the natural environment leads to its reduced bioavailability and weakened reactivity. Novel and functionalized Cu2O composites could enable efficient and environmentally friendly applications of Cu+. To this end, a series of three-dimensional porous Cu2O nanoparticles (3DNP-Cu2O) functionalized by organic (redox gel, R-Gel)-inorganic (reduced graphene oxide, rGO) hybrids─3DNP-Cu2O/rGOx@R-Gel─at room temperature by immobilization-reduction method was prepared and applied for protection against marine biofouling. 3DNP-Cu2O/rGO1.76@R-Gel includes rGO and R-Gel shape 3D porous Cu2O nanoparticles with diameters ∼177 nm and strong dispersion and antioxidant stability. Compared with commercial Cu2O (Cu2O-0), 3DNP-Cu2O/rGO1.76@R-Gel exhibited an ∼50% higher bactericidal rate, ∼96.22% higher water content, and ∼75% lower adhesion of mussels and barnacles. Moreover, 3DNP-Cu2O/rGOx@R-Gel maintains the same excellent, stable, and long-lasting bactericidal performance as Cu2O-0@R-Gel while reducing the average copper ion release concentration by ∼56 to 76%. This was also confirmed by X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectric spectroscopy (XPS), atomic absorption spectroscopy, and antifouling tests. In addition, XPS tests of rGO-Cu2+ and R-Gel-Cu2+, photocurrent tests of 3DNP-Cu2O/rGO1.76@R-Gel, and energy-dispersive spectrometry pictures of bacteria confirm that R-Gel and rGO act as electron donors and transfer substrates driving the reduction of Cu2+ (Cu2+ → Cu+) and the diffusion of Cu+. Thus, a self-growing antibacterial and antifouling system of 3DNP-Cu2O/rGO1.76@R-Gel was achieved. The mechanism of accelerated bacterial inactivation and resistance to mussel and barnacle adhesion by 3DNP-Cu2O/rGO1.76@R-Gel was interpreted. It is shown that rGO and R-Gel are important players in the antibacterial and antifouling system of 3DNP-Cu2O/rGO1.76@R-Gel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huali Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Liuqin Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Xiaohu Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Guangyu Zhu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Dongchen Zheng
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Shuwen Luo
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Min Wu
- Offshore Oil Production Plant of Sinopec Shengli Oilfield Company, Dongying 257237, China
| | - Wei-Hua Li
- School of Materials, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450045, China
| | - Fa-Qian Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China
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7
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Savargaonkar AV, Munshi AH, Soares P, Popat KC. Antifouling Behavior of Copper-Modified Titania Nanotube Surfaces. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:413. [PMID: 37623658 PMCID: PMC10455356 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14080413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Titanium and its alloys are commonly used to fabricate orthopedic implants due to their excellent mechanical properties, corrosion resistance, and biocompatibility. In recent years, orthopedic implant surgeries have considerably increased. This has also resulted in an increase in infection-associated revision surgeries for these implants. To combat this, various approaches are being investigated in the literature. One of the approaches is modifying the surface topography of implants and creating surfaces that are not only antifouling but also encourage osteointegration. Titania nanotube surfaces have demonstrated a moderate decrease in bacterial adhesion while encouraging mesenchymal stem cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation, and hence were used in this study. In this work, titania nanotube surfaces were fabricated using a simple anodization technique. These surfaces were further modified with copper using a physical vapor deposition technique, since copper is known to be potent against bacteria once in contact. In this study, scanning electron microscopy was used to evaluate surface topography; energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were used to evaluate surface chemistry; contact angle goniometry was used to evaluate surface wettability; and X-ray diffraction was used to evaluate surface crystallinity. Antifouling behavior against a gram-positive and a gram-negative bacterium was also investigated. The results indicate that copper-modified titania nanotube surfaces display enhanced antifouling behavior when compared to other surfaces, and this may be a potential way to prevent infection in orthopedic implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniruddha Vijay Savargaonkar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; (A.V.S.); (A.H.M.)
| | - Amit H. Munshi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; (A.V.S.); (A.H.M.)
| | - Paulo Soares
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba 80215-901, PR, Brazil;
| | - Ketul C. Popat
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; (A.V.S.); (A.H.M.)
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
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8
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Hammami I, Gavinho SR, Jakka SK, Valente MA, Graça MPF, Pádua AS, Silva JC, Sá-Nogueira I, Borges JP. Antibacterial Biomaterial Based on Bioglass Modified with Copper for Implants Coating. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:369. [PMID: 37504864 PMCID: PMC10381177 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14070369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Biofilm-related implant infections pose a substantial threat to patients, leading to inflammation in the surrounding tissue, and often resulting in implant loss and the necessity for additional surgeries. Overcoming this implantology challenge is crucial to ensure the success and durability of implants. This study shows the development of antibacterial materials for implant coatings by incorporating copper into 45S5 Bioglass®. By combining the regenerative properties of Bioglass® with the antimicrobial effects of copper, this material has the potential to prevent infections, enhance osseointegration and improve the long-term success of implants. Bioglasses modified with various concentrations of CuO (from 0 to 8 mol%) were prepared with the melt-quenching technique. Structural analysis using Raman and FTIR spectroscopies did not reveal significant alterations in the bioglasses structure with the addition of Cu. The antibacterial activity of the samples was assessed against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and the results demonstrated significant inhibition of bacterial growth for the bioglass with 0.5 mol% of CuO. Cell viability studies indicated that the samples modified with up to 4 mol% of CuO maintained good cytocompatibility with the Saos-2 cell line at extract concentrations up to 25 mg/mL. Furthermore, the bioactivity assessment demonstrated the formation of a calcium phosphate (CaP)-rich layer on the surfaces of all bioglasses within 24 h. Our findings show that the inclusion of copper in the bioglass offers a significant enhancement in its potential as a coating material for implants, resulting in notable advancements in both antibacterial efficacy and osteointegration properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imen Hammami
- I3N and Physics Department, Aveiro University, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | | | - Suresh Kumar Jakka
- I3N and Physics Department, Aveiro University, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | | | | | - Ana Sofia Pádua
- I3N-CENIMAT and Physics Department, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Jorge Carvalho Silva
- I3N-CENIMAT and Physics Department, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Isabel Sá-Nogueira
- Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal
- UCIBIO-Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Life Sciences, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - João Paulo Borges
- I3N-CENIMAT and Materials Science Department, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
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9
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Ye J, Chen X. Current Promising Strategies against Antibiotic-Resistant Bacterial Infections. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 12:antibiotics12010067. [PMID: 36671268 PMCID: PMC9854991 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12010067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Infections caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) are one of the major global health challenges of our time. In addition to developing new antibiotics to combat ARB, sensitizing ARB, or pursuing alternatives to existing antibiotics are promising options to counter antibiotic resistance. This review compiles the most promising anti-ARB strategies currently under development. These strategies include the following: (i) discovery of novel antibiotics by modification of existing antibiotics, screening of small-molecule libraries, or exploration of peculiar places; (ii) improvement in the efficacy of existing antibiotics through metabolic stimulation or by loading a novel, more efficient delivery systems; (iii) development of alternatives to conventional antibiotics such as bacteriophages and their encoded endolysins, anti-biofilm drugs, probiotics, nanomaterials, vaccines, and antibody therapies. Clinical or preclinical studies show that these treatments possess great potential against ARB. Some anti-ARB products are expected to become commercially available in the near future.
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10
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Mahmoudi P, Akbarpour MR, Lakeh HB, Jing F, Hadidi MR, Akhavan B. Antibacterial Ti-Cu implants: A critical review on mechanisms of action. Mater Today Bio 2022; 17:100447. [PMID: 36278144 PMCID: PMC9579810 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2022.100447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Titanium (Ti) has been widely used for manufacturing of bone implants because of its mechanical properties, biological compatibility, and favorable corrosion resistance in biological environments. However, Ti implants are prone to infection (peri-implantitis) by bacteria which in extreme cases necessitate painful and costly revision surgeries. An emerging, viable solution for this problem is to use copper (Cu) as an antibacterial agent in the alloying system of Ti. The addition of copper provides excellent antibacterial activities, but the underpinning mechanisms are still obscure. This review sheds light on such mechanisms and reviews how incorporation of Cu can render Ti-Cu implants with antibacterial activity. The review first discusses the fundamentals of interactions between bacteria and implanted surfaces followed by an overview of the most common engineering strategies utilized to endow an implant with antibacterial activity. The underlying mechanisms for antibacterial activity of Ti-Cu implants are then discussed in detail. Special attention is paid to contact killing mechanisms because the misinterpretation of this mechanism is the root of discrepancies in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pezhman Mahmoudi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, 11365-9466, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Akbarpour
- Department of Materials Engineering, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, P.O. Box 55136-553, Iran
| | | | - Fengjuan Jing
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education of China, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Mohammad Reza Hadidi
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - Behnam Akhavan
- School of Engineering, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute (HMRI), Precision Medicine Research Program, New Lambton Heights, NSW, 2305, Australia
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11
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Benmamoun Z, Wyhopen T, Li Y, Ducker WA. Mechanism and Efficacy of Cu 2O-Treated Fabric. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:1633. [PMID: 36421277 PMCID: PMC9686972 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11111633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 09/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic bacteria can remain viable on fabrics for several days and therefore are a source of infection. Antimicrobial fabrics are a potential method of reducing such infections, and advances in antimicrobial fabrics can be enhanced by knowledge of how the fabric kills bacteria. Metal oxides have been considered and used as antimicrobial ingredients in self-sanitizing surfaces, including in clinical settings. In this work, we examine how the addition of cuprous oxide (Cu2O) particles to polypropylene fibers kills bacteria. First, we show that the addition of the Cu2O particles reduces the viability of common hospital pathogens, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Streptococcus pneumoniae, by 99.9% after 30 min of contact with the treated polypropylene. Then, we demonstrate that the main killing effect is due to the drying of the bacteria onto the cuprous oxide particles. There is also a weaker effect due to free Cu+ ions that dissolve into the liquid. Other dissolved species were unimportant. Chelation of these Cu+ ions in soluble form or precipitation removes their antimicrobial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Benmamoun
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
- Center for Soft Matter and Biological Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Trent Wyhopen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
- Center for Soft Matter and Biological Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - You Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
- Center for Soft Matter and Biological Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - William A. Ducker
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
- Center for Soft Matter and Biological Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
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12
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Bucuresteanu R, Ionita M, Chihaia V, Ficai A, Trusca RD, Ilie CI, Kuncser A, Holban AM, Mihaescu G, Petcu G, Nicolaev A, Costescu RM, Husch M, Parvulescu V, Ditu LM. Antimicrobial Properties of TiO2 Microparticles Coated with Ca- and Cu-Based Composite Layers. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23136888. [PMID: 35805899 PMCID: PMC9266884 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23136888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of TiO2 to generate reactive oxygen species under UV radiation makes it an efficient candidate in antimicrobial studies. In this context, the preparation of TiO2 microparticles coated with Ca- and Cu-based composite layers over which Cu(II), Cu(I), and Cu(0) species were identified is presented here. The obtained materials were characterized by a wide range of analytical methods, such as X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy (TEM, SEM), X-ray photoelectron (XPS), and UV-VIS spectroscopy. The antimicrobial efficiency was evaluated using qualitative and quantitative standard methods and standard clinical microbial strains. A significant aspect of this composite is that the antimicrobial properties were evidenced both in the presence and absence of the light, as result of competition between photo and electrical effects. However, the antibacterial effect was similar in darkness and light for all samples. Because no photocatalytic properties were found in the absence of copper, the results sustain the antibacterial effect of the electric field (generated by the electrostatic potential of the composite layer) both under the dark and in light conditions. In this way, the composite layers supported on the TiO2 microparticles’ surface can offer continuous antibacterial protection and do not require the presence of a permanent light source for activation. However, the antimicrobial effect in the dark is more significant and is considered to be the result of the electric field effect generated on the composite layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razvan Bucuresteanu
- Microbiology Department, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Intr. Portocalelor 1-3, 060101 Bucharest, Romania; (R.B.); (A.-M.H.); (G.M.)
- Research Institute of the University of Bucharest, Sos. Panduri 90, 050663 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Monica Ionita
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 1-7 Gh Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Viorel Chihaia
- Institute of Physical Chemistry “Ilie Murgulescu”, Romanian Academy, Splaiul Independentei 202, 060021 Bucharest, Romania; (V.C.); (G.P.)
| | - Anton Ficai
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 1-7 Gh Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (A.F.); (C.-I.I.)
- National Centre for Micro and Nanomaterials and National Centre for Food Safety, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, University Politehnica of Bucharest, Spl. Indendentei 313, 060042 Bucharest, Romania;
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, 3 Ilfov Street, 050045 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Roxana-Doina Trusca
- National Centre for Micro and Nanomaterials and National Centre for Food Safety, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, University Politehnica of Bucharest, Spl. Indendentei 313, 060042 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Cornelia-Ioana Ilie
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 1-7 Gh Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (A.F.); (C.-I.I.)
- National Centre for Micro and Nanomaterials and National Centre for Food Safety, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, University Politehnica of Bucharest, Spl. Indendentei 313, 060042 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Andrei Kuncser
- National Institute of Materials Physics, 405A Atomistilor Street, 077125 Magurele, Romania; (A.K.); (A.N.); (R.M.C.)
| | - Alina-Maria Holban
- Microbiology Department, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Intr. Portocalelor 1-3, 060101 Bucharest, Romania; (R.B.); (A.-M.H.); (G.M.)
- Research Institute of the University of Bucharest, Sos. Panduri 90, 050663 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Grigore Mihaescu
- Microbiology Department, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Intr. Portocalelor 1-3, 060101 Bucharest, Romania; (R.B.); (A.-M.H.); (G.M.)
- Research Institute of the University of Bucharest, Sos. Panduri 90, 050663 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Gabriela Petcu
- Institute of Physical Chemistry “Ilie Murgulescu”, Romanian Academy, Splaiul Independentei 202, 060021 Bucharest, Romania; (V.C.); (G.P.)
| | - Adela Nicolaev
- National Institute of Materials Physics, 405A Atomistilor Street, 077125 Magurele, Romania; (A.K.); (A.N.); (R.M.C.)
| | - Ruxandra M. Costescu
- National Institute of Materials Physics, 405A Atomistilor Street, 077125 Magurele, Romania; (A.K.); (A.N.); (R.M.C.)
| | - Mihai Husch
- Faculty of Building Services Engineering, Technical University of Civil Engineering Bucharest, 020396 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Viorica Parvulescu
- Institute of Physical Chemistry “Ilie Murgulescu”, Romanian Academy, Splaiul Independentei 202, 060021 Bucharest, Romania; (V.C.); (G.P.)
- Correspondence: (V.P.); (L.-M.D.); Tel.: +40-744-42-15-51 (V.P.); +40-745-67-38-22 (L.M.-D.)
| | - Lia-Mara Ditu
- Microbiology Department, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Intr. Portocalelor 1-3, 060101 Bucharest, Romania; (R.B.); (A.-M.H.); (G.M.)
- Research Institute of the University of Bucharest, Sos. Panduri 90, 050663 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence: (V.P.); (L.-M.D.); Tel.: +40-744-42-15-51 (V.P.); +40-745-67-38-22 (L.M.-D.)
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Riaz M, Aamir M, Shahzadi S, Fida A, Hussain T. Structural, biological investigation of metal (Fe, Cu, Ag)-ceramic composites. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2022; 131:105265. [PMID: 35550945 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2022.105265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, five composites based on metals (Ag, Fe, Cu) and ceramic; named as 0.2 Ag, 0.2 Cu, 0.2 Fe, 0.1Ag-0.1Cu, and 0.1Ag-0.1Fe were prepared by the solid-state sintering method. Two different phases of wollastonite: β-wollastonite (JCPDS No.: 01-076-0186), and α-wollastonite (JCPDS No.:00-031-0300) were identified in all composite. The in vitro bioactivity assay performed in simulated body fluid showed the bioactive behavior of all composites except one having >0.1% Ag concentration. The antibacterial activity test was performed against two pathogenic bacteria Staph. Aureus and Staph. Epidermidis using the agar well diffusion method. Results of antibacterial assays showed that all samples showed antibacterial activity except the 0.2 Fe sample. It was observed that the addition of Ag and Cu provided the inhibitory ability to composites, 0.1Ag-0.1Cu and 0.1Ag-0.1Fe composites are regarded as an optimum composite having better bioactive and antibacterial efficacy as compared to all other composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeeha Riaz
- Physics Department, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Mubashra Aamir
- Physics Department, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sana Shahzadi
- Physics Department, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Aqsa Fida
- Physics Department, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Tousif Hussain
- Center for Advanced Studies in Physics, Government College, Lahore, 5400, Pakistan
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14
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Mertens B, Moore MD, Jaykus LA, Velev OD. Efficacy and Mechanisms of Copper Ion-Catalyzed Inactivation of Human Norovirus. ACS Infect Dis 2022; 8:855-864. [PMID: 35315654 PMCID: PMC9003239 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.1c00609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The antinoroviral effect of copper ions is well known, yet most of this work has previously been conducted in copper and copper alloy surfaces, not copper ions in solution. In this work, we characterized the effects that Cu ions have on human norovirus capsids' and surrogates' integrity to explain empirical data, indicating virus inactivation by copper alloy surfaces, and as means of developing novel metal ion-based virucides. Comparatively high concentrations of Cu(II) ions (>10 mM) had little effect on the infectivity of human norovirus surrogates, so we used sodium ascorbate as a reducing agent to generate unstable Cu(I) ions from solutions of copper bromide. We found that significantly lower concentrations of monovalent copper ions (∼0.1 mM) compared to divalent copper ions cause capsid protein damage that prevents human norovirus capsids from binding to cell receptors in vitro and induce a greater than 4-log reduction in infectivity of Tulane virus, a human norovirus surrogate. Further, these Cu(I) solutions caused reduction of GII.4 norovirus from stool in suspension, producing about a 2-log reduction of virus as measured by a reverse transcriptase-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) data indicate substantial major capsid protein cleavage of both GI.7 and GII.4 norovirus capsids, and TEM images show the complete loss of capsid integrity of GI.7 norovirus. GII.4 virus-like particles (VLPs) were less susceptible to inactivation by copper ion treatments than GI.7 VLPs based upon receptor binding and SDS-PAGE analysis of viral capsids. The combined data demonstrate that stabilized Cu(I) ion solutions show promise as highly effective noroviral disinfectants in solution that can potentially be utilized at low concentrations for inactivation of human noroviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany
S. Mertens
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, NC State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
| | - Matthew D. Moore
- Department
of Food, Bioprocessing, and Nutrition Sciences, NC State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
- Department
of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Lee-Ann Jaykus
- Department
of Food, Bioprocessing, and Nutrition Sciences, NC State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
| | - Orlin D. Velev
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, NC State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
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15
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Zhang Z, Zhang XR, Jin
T, Yang CG, Sun YP, Li Q, Yang K. Antibacterial mechanism of Cu-bearing 430 ferritic stainless steel. RARE METALS 2022; 41:559-569. [PMID: 34177195 PMCID: PMC8214840 DOI: 10.1007/s12598-021-01751-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Copper (Cu)-bearing stainless steel has testified its effectiveness to reduce the risk of bacterial infections. However, its antibacterial mechanism is still controversial. Therefore, three 430 ferritic stainless steels with different Cu contents are selected to conduct deeper research by the way of bacterial inactivation from two aspects of material and biology. Hereinto, electrochemical and antibacterial results show that the increase in Cu content simultaneously improves the corrosion resistance and antibacterial property of 430 stainless steel. In addition, it is found that Escherichia coli (E. coli) on the surface 430 Cu-bearing stainless steel by the dry method of inoculation possesses a rapid inactivation ability. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) aids with ion chelation experiments prove that Cu (I) plays a more crucial role in the contact-killing efficiency than Cu (II), resulting from more production of reactive oxygen species (ROS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuang Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036 China
| | - Xin-Rui Zhang
- Shi-Changxu Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016 China
| | - Tao Jin
- Department of Nephrology, Shenyang Chest Hospital, Shenyang, 110044 China
| | - Chun-Guang Yang
- Shi-Changxu Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016 China
| | - Yu-Peng Sun
- Shi-Changxu Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016 China
| | - Qi Li
- College of Chemistry, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036 China
| | - Ke Yang
- Shi-Changxu Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016 China
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16
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Godoy-Gallardo M, Eckhard U, Delgado LM, de Roo Puente YJ, Hoyos-Nogués M, Gil FJ, Perez RA. Antibacterial approaches in tissue engineering using metal ions and nanoparticles: From mechanisms to applications. Bioact Mater 2021; 6:4470-4490. [PMID: 34027235 PMCID: PMC8131399 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial infection of implanted scaffolds may have fatal consequences and, in combination with the emergence of multidrug bacterial resistance, the development of advanced antibacterial biomaterials and constructs is of great interest. Since decades ago, metals and their ions had been used to minimize bacterial infection risk and, more recently, metal-based nanomaterials, with improved antimicrobial properties, have been advocated as a novel and tunable alternative. A comprehensive review is provided on how metal ions and ion nanoparticles have the potential to decrease or eliminate unwanted bacteria. Antibacterial mechanisms such as oxidative stress induction, ion release and disruption of biomolecules are currently well accepted. However, the exact antimicrobial mechanisms of the discussed metal compounds remain poorly understood. The combination of different metal ions and surface decorations of nanoparticles will lead to synergistic effects and improved microbial killing, and allow to mitigate potential side effects to the host. Starting with a general overview of antibacterial mechanisms, we subsequently focus on specific metal ions such as silver, zinc, copper, iron and gold, and outline their distinct modes of action. Finally, we discuss the use of these metal ions and nanoparticles in tissue engineering to prevent implant failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Godoy-Gallardo
- Bioengineering Institute of Technology, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Carrer de Josep Trueta, 08195, del Vallès, Sant Cugat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ulrich Eckhard
- Proteolysis Lab, Department of Structural Biology, Molecular Biology Institute of Barcelona, CSIC, Barcelona Science Park, Baldiri Reixac 15-21, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luis M. Delgado
- Bioengineering Institute of Technology, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Carrer de Josep Trueta, 08195, del Vallès, Sant Cugat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yolanda J.D. de Roo Puente
- Bioengineering Institute of Technology, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Carrer de Josep Trueta, 08195, del Vallès, Sant Cugat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mireia Hoyos-Nogués
- Bioengineering Institute of Technology, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Carrer de Josep Trueta, 08195, del Vallès, Sant Cugat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - F. Javier Gil
- Bioengineering Institute of Technology, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Carrer de Josep Trueta, 08195, del Vallès, Sant Cugat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roman A. Perez
- Bioengineering Institute of Technology, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Carrer de Josep Trueta, 08195, del Vallès, Sant Cugat, Barcelona, Spain
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17
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Dauvergne E, Mullié C. Brass Alloys: Copper-Bottomed Solutions against Hospital-Acquired Infections? Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10030286. [PMID: 33801855 PMCID: PMC7999369 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10030286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Copper has been used for its antimicrobial properties since Antiquity. Nowadays, touch surfaces made of copper-based alloys such as brasses are used in healthcare settings in an attempt to reduce the bioburden and limit environmental transmission of nosocomial pathogens. After a brief history of brass uses, the various mechanisms that are thought to be at the basis of brass antimicrobial action will be described. Evidence shows that direct contact with the surface as well as cupric and cuprous ions arising from brass surfaces are instrumental in the antimicrobial effectiveness. These copper ions can lead to oxidative stress, membrane alterations, protein malfunctions, and/or DNA damages. Laboratory studies back up a broad spectrum of activity of brass surfaces on bacteria with the possible exception of bacteria in their sporulated form. Various parameters influencing the antimicrobial activity such as relative humidity, temperature, wet/dry inoculation or wear have been identified, making it mandatory to standardize antibacterial testing. Field trials using brass and copper surfaces consistently report reductions in the bacterial bioburden but, evidence is still sparse as to a significant impact on hospital acquired infections. Further work is also needed to assess the long-term effects of chemical/physical wear on their antimicrobial effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Dauvergne
- Laboratoire AGIR-UR UPJV 4294, UFR de Pharmacie, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80037 Amiens, France;
- FAVI Limited Company, 80490 Hallencourt, France
| | - Catherine Mullié
- Laboratoire AGIR-UR UPJV 4294, UFR de Pharmacie, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80037 Amiens, France;
- Laboratoire Hygiène, Risque Biologique et Environnement, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Amiens-Picardie, 80025 Amiens, France
- Correspondence:
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18
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The photocatalytic antibacterial behavior of Cu-doped nanocrystalline hematite prepared by mechanical alloying. APPLIED NANOSCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13204-020-01659-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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19
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Zhuang Y, Ren L, Zhang S, Wei X, Yang K, Dai K. Antibacterial effect of a copper-containing titanium alloy against implant-associated infection induced by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Acta Biomater 2021; 119:472-484. [PMID: 33091623 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Implant-associated infection (IAI) induced by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a devastating complication in the orthopedic clinic. Traditional implant materials, such as Ti6Al4V, are vulnerable to microbial infection. In this study, we fabricated a copper (Cu)-containing titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V-Cu) for the prevention and treatment of MRSA-induced IAI. The material characteristics, antibacterial activity, and biocompatibility of Ti6Al4V-Cu were systematically investigated and compared with those of Ti6Al4V. Ti6Al4V-Cu provided stable and continuous Cu2+ release, at a rate of 0.106 mg/cm2/d. Its antibacterial performance against MRSA in vitro was confirmed by plate counting analysis, crystal violet staining, and scanning electron microscopic observations. Reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) analysis demonstrated that Ti6Al4V-Cu suppressed biofilm formation, virulence, and antibiotic-resistance of MRSA. The in vivo anti-MRSA effect was investigated in a rat IAI model. Implants were contaminated with MRSA solution, implanted into the femur, and left for 6 weeks. Severe IAI developed in the Ti6Al4V group, with increased radiological score (9.6 ± 1.3) and high histological score (10.1 ± 1.9). However, no sign of infection was found in the Ti6Al4V-Cu group, as indicated by decreased radiological score (1.3 ± 0.4) and low histological score (2.3 ± 0.5). In addition, Ti6Al4V-Cu had favorable biocompatibility both in vitro and in vivo. In summary, Ti6Al4V-Cu is a promising implant material to protect against MRSA-induced IAI.
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20
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Copper containing silicocarnotite bioceramic with improved mechanical strength and antibacterial activity. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 118:111493. [PMID: 33255060 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Copper is well known for its multifunctional biological effects including antibacterial and angiogenic activities, while silicon-containing bioceramic has proved to possess superior biological properties to hydroxyapatite (HA). In this work, CuO was introduced to silicocarnotite (Ca5(PO4)2SiO4, CPS) to simultaneously enhance its mechanical and antibacterial properties, and its cytocompatibility was also evaluated. Results showed that CuO could significantly facilitate the densification process of CPS bioceramic through liquid-phase sintering. The bending strength of CPS with the addition of 3.0 wt% CuO improved from 29.2 MPa to 63.4 MPa after sintered at 1200 °C. Moreover, Cu-CPS bioceramics demonstrated superior in vitro antibacterial property against both S. aureus and E. coli strains by destroying their membrane integrity, and the antibacterial activity augmented with CuO content. Meanwhile, the released Cu ions from Cu-CPS bioceramics could promote the proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), and the in vitro cytocompatibility exhibited concentration dependence on Cu ions. These suggest that Cu-CPS bioceramics might be promising candidates for bone tissue regeneration with an ability to prevent postoperative infections.
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21
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Understanding the Antipathogenic Performance of Nanostructured and Conventional Copper Cold Spray Material Consolidations and Coated Surfaces. CRYSTALS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst10060504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The role of high strain rate and severe plastic deformation, microstructure, electrochemical behavior, surface chemistry and surface roughness were characterized for two copper cold spray material consolidations, which were produced from conventionally gas-atomized copper powder as well as spray-dried copper feedstock, during the course of this work. The motivation underpinning this work centers upon the development of a more robust understanding of the microstructural features and properties of the conventional copper and nanostructured copper coatings as they relate to antipathogenic contact killing and inactivation applications. Prior work has demonstrated greater antipathogenic efficacy with respect to the nanostructured coating versus the conventional coating. Thus, microstructural analysis was performed in order to establish differences between the two coatings that their respective pathogen kill rates could be attributed to. Results from advanced laser-induced projectile impact testing, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, electron backscatter diffraction, scanning transmission microscopy, nanoindentation, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, nanoindentation, confocal microscopy, atomic force microscopy, linear polarization, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and copper ion release assaying were performed during the course of this research.
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22
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Padmavathi AR, Sriyutha Murthy P, Das A, Nishad PA, Pandian R, Rao TS. Copper oxide nanoparticles as an effective anti-biofilm agent against a copper tolerant marine bacterium, Staphylococcus lentus. BIOFOULING 2019; 35:1007-1025. [PMID: 31718302 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2019.1687689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Biofilm formation on antifouling coatings is a serious concern in seawater cooling systems and the maritime industry. A prolific biofilm forming strain (Staphylococcus lentus), possessing high tolerance (>1,000 µg ml-1) to dissolved copper ions (Cu++) was isolated from titanium coupons exposed in the coastal waters of Kalpakkam, east coast of India. S. lentus formed increased biofilm (p < 0.05) at 100 µg ml-1 of Cu++ ions, when compared with the untreated control. To combat biofilm formation of this strain, the efficacy of copper oxide nanoparticles synthesized from copper nitrate by varying the concentrations of hexamine and cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB), was investigated. Complete (100%) inhibition of biofilm formation was observed with plain CuO NP (0.5 M hexamine, uncapped) at 1,000 µg ml-1. Capping with CTAB, influenced the morphology and the purity of the synthesized CuO NPs but did not alter their surface charge. Capping reduced metal ion release from CuO NPs and their antibacterial and anti-biofilm property against S. lentus. Overall, uncapped CuO NPs were effective in controlling biofilm formation of S. lentus. Concurrent release of copper ions and contact mediated physical damage by CuO NPs offer a promising approach to tackle metal tolerant biofilm bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alwar Ramanujam Padmavathi
- Water and Steam Chemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre Facilities, Kalpakkam, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - P Sriyutha Murthy
- Water and Steam Chemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre Facilities, Kalpakkam, Tamil Nadu, India
- Life Sciences Department, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Arindam Das
- Surface and Nanoscience Division, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam, Tamil Nadu, India
- Chemical Sciences Department, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Padala Abdul Nishad
- Water and Steam Chemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre Facilities, Kalpakkam, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ramanathasamy Pandian
- Surface and Nanoscience Division, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Toleti Subba Rao
- Water and Steam Chemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre Facilities, Kalpakkam, Tamil Nadu, India
- Life Sciences Department, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
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23
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Bennett BD, Gralnick JA. Mechanisms of toxicity by and resistance to ferrous iron in anaerobic systems. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 140:167-171. [PMID: 31251977 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Iron is an essential element for nearly all life on Earth, primarily for its value as a redox active cofactor. Iron exists predominantly in two biologically relevant redox states: ferric iron, the oxidized state (Fe3+), and ferrous iron, the reduced state (Fe2+). Fe2+ is well known to facilitate electron transfer reactions that can lead to the generation of reactive oxygen species. Less is known about why iron is toxic to cells in the absence of oxygen, yet this phenomenon is critically important for our understanding of life on early Earth and in iron-rich ecosystems today. In this brief review, we will highlight our current understanding of anaerobic Fe2+ toxicity, focusing on molecular mechanistic studies in several model systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- B D Bennett
- Pacific Biosciences Research Center, University of Hawai‛i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA
| | - J A Gralnick
- BioTechnology Institute and Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA.
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Zhuang Y, Zhang S, Yang K, Ren L, Dai K. Antibacterial activity of copper‐bearing 316L stainless steel for the prevention of implant‐related infection. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2019; 108:484-495. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yifu Zhuang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryShanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai 200011 People's Republic of China
| | - Shuyuan Zhang
- Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang 10000 People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Yang
- Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang 10000 People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Ren
- Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang 10000 People's Republic of China
| | - Kerong Dai
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryShanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai 200011 People's Republic of China
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25
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Copper-containing glass ceramic with high antimicrobial efficacy. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1979. [PMID: 31040286 PMCID: PMC6491652 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09946-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hospital acquired infections (HAIs) and the emergence of antibiotic resistant strains are major threats to human health. Copper is well known for its high antimicrobial efficacy, including the ability to kill superbugs and the notorious ESKAPE group of pathogens. We sought a material that maintains the antimicrobial efficacy of copper while minimizing the downsides – cost, appearance and metallic properties – that limit application. Here we describe a copper-glass ceramic powder as an additive for antimicrobial surfaces; its mechanism is based on the controlled release of copper (I) ions (Cu1+) from cuprite nanocrystals that form in situ in the water labile phase of the biphasic glass ceramic. Latex paints containing copper-glass ceramic powder exhibit ≥99.9% reduction in S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, K. aerogenes and E. Coli colony counts when evaluated by the US EPA test method for efficacy of copper-alloy surfaces as sanitizer, approaching that of benchmark metallic copper. Copper is well known for its high antimicrobial efficacy; however, cost, appearance and metallic properties limit application. Here the authors describe a stable, water dispersible copper-glass ceramic powder with long-term antimicrobial activity as an additive for antimicrobial surfaces.
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26
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Bydałek F, Myszograj S. Safe surface concept in vertical flow constructed wetland design to mitigate infection hazard. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2019; 54:246-255. [PMID: 30633653 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2018.1546497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Decentralized wastewater management based on vertical flow constructed wetlands (VFCWs) can be an effective solution for minimizing sanitation problems also in urban landscapes, especially when considering rapidly expanding cities in developing countries. Yet, the mass implementation of VFCWs in urbanized areas first needs improvement of a few design drawbacks - among them, the control of infection hazard is of primary importance. Therefore, in this study, the possibility of mitigation of the VFCW-derived infection hazard was assessed, through analysis of bacteriostatic properties of top filtration layer materials, according to clinical experiences based on "safe" antimicrobial surfaces. The experiment was carried out on a daily operating VFCW. Coliform bacteria survival rates were measured for known VFCW construction materials such as Pinus bark, gravel, slag, charcoal and LECA. The calculated die-off rates expressed as 12-h first-order inactivation coefficients ranged between 6.91 h-1 (slag/summer) and 0.58 h-1 (Pinus bark/autumn). The obtained die-off curves showed charcoal, Pinus bark and LECA to have little bacteriostatic properties - even occasionally providing conditions promoting the growth of the coliform population. Meanwhile, slag and gravel were strictly inhibiting bacteria growth, reducing the population up to 99% within the first 3 h of contact time. The research showed that it is possible to significantly mitigate the infection hazard of VFCW by means of proper top-layer substrate material, similar or equal to slag or gravel.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - S Myszograj
- b Institute of Environmental Engineering , University of Zielona Góra , Zielona Góra , Poland
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27
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Hampson B, Wilson J. A Comparative Study on the Effects of Copper and Steel Nails on the Health of Horseshoe Nail Holes. J Equine Vet Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2018.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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28
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Wonoputri V, Gunawan C, Liu S, Barraud N, Yee LH, Lim M, Amal R. Ferrous ion as a reducing agent in the generation of antibiofilm nitric oxide from a copper-based catalytic system. Nitric Oxide 2018; 75:8-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2018.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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29
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Vincent M, Duval RE, Hartemann P, Engels-Deutsch M. Contact killing and antimicrobial properties of copper. J Appl Microbiol 2018; 124:1032-1046. [PMID: 29280540 DOI: 10.1111/jam.13681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 280] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
With the emergence of antibiotic resistance, the interest for antimicrobial agents has recently increased again in public health. Copper was recognized in 2008 by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) as the first metallic antimicrobial agent. This led to many investigations of the various properties of copper as an antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral agent. This review summarizes the latest findings about 'contact killing', the mechanism of action of copper nanoparticles and the different ways micro-organisms develop resistance to copper.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Vincent
- CNRS, LEMTA, UMR 7563, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France.,Université de Lorraine, LEMTA, UMR 7563, Vandœuvre-lès Nancy, France
| | - R E Duval
- CNRS, UMR 7565, SRSMC, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France.,Université de Lorraine, UMR 7565, SRSMC, Nancy, France.,ABC Platform®, Nancy, France
| | - P Hartemann
- Faculté de Médecine, EA 7298, ERAMBO, DESP, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - M Engels-Deutsch
- CNRS, LEMTA, UMR 7563, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France.,Université de Lorraine, LEMTA, UMR 7563, Vandœuvre-lès Nancy, France.,Faculté de Médecine, EA 7298, ERAMBO, DESP, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
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30
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Hahn C, Hans M, Hein C, Mancinelli RL, Mücklich F, Wirth R, Rettberg P, Hellweg CE, Moeller R. Pure and Oxidized Copper Materials as Potential Antimicrobial Surfaces for Spaceflight Activities. ASTROBIOLOGY 2017; 17:1183-1191. [PMID: 29116818 DOI: 10.1089/ast.2016.1620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Microbial biofilms can lead to persistent infections and degrade a variety of materials, and they are notorious for their persistence and resistance to eradication. During long-duration space missions, microbial biofilms present a danger to crew health and spacecraft integrity. The use of antimicrobial surfaces provides an alternative strategy for inhibiting microbial growth and biofilm formation to conventional cleaning procedures and the use of disinfectants. Antimicrobial surfaces contain organic or inorganic compounds, such as antimicrobial peptides or copper and silver, that inhibit microbial growth. The efficacy of wetted oxidized copper layers and pure copper surfaces as antimicrobial agents was tested by applying cultures of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus cohnii to these metallic surfaces. Stainless steel surfaces were used as non-inhibitory control surfaces. The production of reactive oxygen species and membrane damage increased rapidly within 1 h of exposure on pure copper surfaces, but the effect on cell survival was negligible even after 2 h of exposure. However, longer exposure times of up to 4 h led to a rapid decrease in cell survival, whereby the survival of cells was additionally dependent on the exposed cell density. Finally, the release of metal ions was determined to identify a possible correlation between copper ions in suspension and cell survival. These measurements indicated a steady increase of free copper ions, which were released indirectly by cells presumably through excreted complexing agents. These data indicate that the application of antimicrobial surfaces in spaceflight facilities could improve crew health and mitigate material damage caused by microbial contamination and biofilm formation. Furthermore, the results of this study indicate that cuprous oxide layers were superior to pure copper surfaces related to the antimicrobial effect and that cell density is a significant factor that influences the time dependence of antimicrobial activity. Key Words: Contact killing-E. coli-S. cohnii-Antimicrobial copper surfaces-Copper oxide layers-Human health-Planetary protection. Astrobiology 17, 1183-1191.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Hahn
- 1 German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Aerospace Medicine , Radiation Biology Department, Cologne (Köln), Germany
| | - M Hans
- 2 Functional Materials, Saarland University , Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - C Hein
- 3 Inorganic Solid State Chemistry, Saarland University , Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - R L Mancinelli
- 4 Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, NASA Ames Research Center , Moffett Field, California, USA
| | - F Mücklich
- 2 Functional Materials, Saarland University , Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - R Wirth
- 5 Microbiology, University of Regensburg , Regensburg, Germany
| | - P Rettberg
- 1 German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Aerospace Medicine , Radiation Biology Department, Cologne (Köln), Germany
| | - C E Hellweg
- 1 German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Aerospace Medicine , Radiation Biology Department, Cologne (Köln), Germany
| | - R Moeller
- 1 German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Aerospace Medicine , Radiation Biology Department, Cologne (Köln), Germany
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31
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Sun Y, Kim SW. Intestinal challenge with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli in pigs, and nutritional intervention to prevent postweaning diarrhea. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2017; 3:322-330. [PMID: 29767133 PMCID: PMC5941267 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Gut health of nursery pigs immediately after weaning is tightly associated with their growth performance and economic values. Postweaning diarrhea (PWD) is one of the major concerns related to gut health of nursery pigs which often is caused by infections of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC), mainly including F4 (K88)+ and F18+E. coli. The main virulence factors of ETEC are adhesins (fimbriae or pili) and enterotoxins. The common types of fimbriae on ETEC from PWD pigs are F18+ and F4+. Typically, PWD in pigs is associated with both F18+ and F4+ ETEC infections whereas pre-weaning diarrhea in pigs is associated with F4+ ETEC infection. Enterotoxins including heat-labile enterotoxins (LT) and heat-stable peptide toxins (ST) are associated with causing diarrhea in pigs. At least 109 to 1010 ETEC are required to induce diarrhea in nursery pigs typically lasting 1 to 5 days after ETEC infection. Antibiotics used to be the most effective way to prevent PWD, however, with the increased bacterial resistance to antibiotics, alternatives to the use of antibiotics are urgently needed to prevent PWD. Immunopropylaxis and nutritional intervention of antimicrobial minerals (such as zinc oxide and copper sulfate), organic acids, functional feedstuffs (such as blood plasma and egg yolk antibodies), direct fed microbials, phytobiotics, and bacteriophage can potentially prevent PWD associated with ETEC. Some other feed additives such as nucleotides, feed enzymes, prebiotic oligosaccharides, and clay minerals can enhance intestinal health and thus indirectly help with preventing PWD. Numerous papers show that nutritional intervention using selected feed additives can effectively prevent PWD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawang Sun
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Sung Woo Kim
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
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32
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Physicochemical properties of copper important for its antibacterial activity and development of a unified model. Biointerphases 2016; 11:018902. [DOI: 10.1116/1.4935853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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