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Bento CM, van Calster K, Piller T, Oliveira GS, de Vooght L, Cappoen D, Cos P, Gomes MS, Silva T. Characterization of novel double-reporter strains of Mycobacterium abscessus for drug discovery: a study in mScarlet. Microbiol Spectr 2024:e0036224. [PMID: 39189762 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00362-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium abscessus (Mab) is an emerging pathogen that poses a severe health threat, especially in people with cystic fibrosis and other chronic lung diseases. Available drugs are largely ineffective due to an exquisite intrinsic resistance, making Mab infections only comparable to multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. Current treatment is based on lengthy multidrug therapy, complicated by poor outcomes and high rates of treatment failure, recurrence, and mortality. Thus, finding new and more efficient drugs to combat this pathogen is urgent. However, drug discovery efforts targeting Mab have been limited, and traditional drug screening methods are labor-intensive, low-throughput, and do not reflect clinical effectiveness. Therefore, this work aimed to develop a new, efficient, and reliable tool for drug screening against Mab that can be used in vitro for identifying hits in a high-throughput manner and in vivo to select drug candidates for future clinical trials. We engineered two stable double-reporter strains of Mab capable of emitting strong fluorescent and luminescent signals. This is due to the expression of mScarlet protein and luciferase enzyme or the entire lux operon. Importantly, these strains maintain the same ground characteristics as the non-transformed Mab strain. We show that these new strains can be applied to various setups, from MIC determination in broth cultures and macrophage infection assays to in vivo infection (using the Galleria mellonella model). Using these strains enhances the potential for high-throughput screening of thousands of compounds in a fast and reliable way. IMPORTANCE Mycobacterium abscessus (Mab) is currently considered an "incurable nightmare." Its intrinsic resistance, high toxicity, long duration, and low cure rates of available therapies often lead to the clinical decision not to treat. Moreover, one of the significant drawbacks of anti-Mab drug development is the lack of correlation between in vitro susceptibility and clinical efficacy. Most drug screening assays are performed on Mab growing in liquid cultures. But being an intracellular pathogen, inducing granulomas and biofilm formation, the broth culture is far from ideal as in vitro drug-testing setup. This study presents new double-reporter Mab strains that allow direct real-time bacterial detection and quantification in a non-invasive way. These strains can be applied to an extensive range of experimental settings, far surpassing the utility of single-reporter bacteria. They can be used in all steps of the pre-clinical anti-Mab drug development pipeline, constituting a highly valuable tool to increase its success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara M Bento
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação e Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- IBMC-Instituto de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Programa Doutoral em Biologia Molecular e Celular (MCBiology), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Kevin van Calster
- Laboratory for Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Tatiana Piller
- Laboratory for Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Gabriel S Oliveira
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação e Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS-Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Linda de Vooght
- Laboratory for Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Davie Cappoen
- Laboratory for Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Paul Cos
- Laboratory for Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - M Salomé Gomes
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação e Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS-Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Tânia Silva
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação e Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS-Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Tateishi Y, Nishiyama A, Ozeki Y, Matsumoto S. Construction of knockout mutants in Mycobacterium intracellulare ATCC13950 strain using a thermosensitive plasmid containing negative selection marker rpsL . Microbiol Immunol 2024. [PMID: 39041356 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.13167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nontuberculous mycobacterial disease has emerged worldwide over the past 20 years. However, there are currently few reports on the established technique for constructing knockout mutants of nontuberculous mycobacteria. Therefore, gene recombination techniques for nontuberculous mycobacteria require further research. RESULTS We constructed vector pPR23LHR that harbors the ribosomal protein S12 gene (rpsL+) as a dominant negative selection marker and the hygromycin (Hyg) and lacZ cassettes as positive selection markers. We constructed knockout mutants of proteasomal genes, which we found to be required for hypoxic pellicle formation in Mycobacterium intracellulare by functional genomic analysis. The knockout mutants showed impaired hypoxic pellicle formation, consistent with previous data using epoxomicin, a proteasomal inhibitor. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate that rpsL+ is an efficient dominant negative selection marker for gene recombination in nontuberculous mycobacteria. Our temperature-sensitive rpsL+ method for the construction of knockout mutants will facilitate functional assays to validate the virulence factors of nontuberculous mycobacteria and the pathogenesis of nontuberculous mycobacterial disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitaka Tateishi
- Department of Bacteriology, Graduate School of Medicine and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Akihito Nishiyama
- Department of Bacteriology, Graduate School of Medicine and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yuriko Ozeki
- Department of Bacteriology, Graduate School of Medicine and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Sohkichi Matsumoto
- Department of Bacteriology, Graduate School of Medicine and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
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Lagune M, Kremer L, Herrmann JL. Mycobacterium abscessus, a complex of three fast-growing subspecies sharing virulence traits with slow-growing mycobacteria. Clin Microbiol Infect 2024; 30:726-731. [PMID: 37797823 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2023.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mycobacterium abscessus belongs to the largest group of mycobacteria, the rapid-growing saprophytic mycobacteria, and is one of the most difficult-to-treat opportunistic pathogen. Several features pertain to the high adaptability of M. abscessus to the host. These include the capacity to survive and persist within amoebae, to transition from a smooth to a rough morphotype that occurs during the course of the disease and to express of a wide array of virulence factors. OBJECTIVES The main objective of this narrative review consists to report major assets of M. abscessus that contribute to the virulence of these rapid-growing saprophytic mycobacteria. Strikingly, many of these determinants, whether they are from a mycobacterial origin or acquired by horizontal gene transfer, are known virulence factors found in slow-growing and strict pathogens for humans and animals. SOURCES In the light of recent published work in the field we attempted to highlight major features characterizing M. abscessus pathogenicity and to explain why this led to the emergence of this mycobacterial species in patients with cystic fibrosis. CONTENT M. abscessus genome plasticity, the smooth-to-rough transition, and the expression of a panel of enzymes associated with virulence in other bacteria are key players in M. abscessus virulence. In addition, the very large repertoire of lipid transporters, known as mycobacterial membrane protein large and small (MmpL and MmpS respectively), deeply influences the pathogenicity of M. abscessus, as exemplified here for some of them. IMPLICATIONS All these traits largely contribute to make M. abscessus a unique mycobacterium regarding to its pathophysiological processes, ranging from the early colonization steps to the establishment of severe and chronic pulmonary diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Lagune
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Laurent Kremer
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 9004, Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM), Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France; INSERM, IRIM, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Louis Herrmann
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INSERM, U1173 Infection et Inflammation, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires Ile-de-France Ouest, GHU Paris-Saclay, Hôpital Raymond Poincaré, Garches, France.
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Miller NJ, Dimitrakopoulou D, Baglia LA, Pavelka MS, Robert J. Exploring the Role of a Putative Secondary Metabolite Biosynthesis Pathway in Mycobacterium abscessus Pathogenesis Using a Xenopus laevis Tadpole Model. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1120. [PMID: 38930501 PMCID: PMC11206028 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12061120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium abscessus (Mab) is an emerging human pathogen that has a high rate of incidence in immunocompromised individuals. We have found a putative secondary metabolite pathway within Mab, which may be a key factor in its pathogenesis. This novel pathway is encoded in a gene cluster spanning MAB_0284c to 0305 and is related to Streptomyces pathways, producing the secondary metabolites streptonigrin and nybomycin. We constructed an in-frame deletion of the MAB_0295 (phzC) gene and tested it in our Xenopus laevis animal model. We have previously shown that X. laevis tadpoles, which have functional lungs and T cells, can serve as a reliable comparative model for persistent Mab infection and pathogenesis. Here, we report that tadpoles intraperitoneally infected with the ∆phzC mutant exhibit early decreased bacterial loads and significantly increased survival compared with those infected with WT Mab. ∆phzC mutant Mab also induced lower transcript levels of several pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α, iNOS, IFN-γ) than those of WT Mab in the liver and lungs. In addition, there was impaired macrophage recruitment and decreased macrophage infection in tadpoles infected with the ∆phzC mutant, by tail wound inoculation, compared to those infected with the WT bacteria, as assayed by intravital confocal microscopy. These data underline the relevance and usefulness of X. laevis tadpoles as a novel comparative animal model to identify genetic determinants of Mab immunopathogenesis, suggesting a role for this novel and uncharacterized pathway in Mab pathogenesis and macrophage recruitment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jacques Robert
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; (N.J.M.); (D.D.); (L.A.B.); (M.S.P.J.)
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Akter S, Kamal E, Schwarz C, Lewin A. Gene knock-out in Mycobacterium abscessus using Streptococcus thermophilus CRISPR/Cas. J Microbiol Methods 2024; 220:106924. [PMID: 38548070 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2024.106924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
The CRISPRi system using dCas9Sth1 from Streptococcus thermophilus developed for Mycobacterium tuberculosis and M. smegmatis was modified to allow gene knock-out in M. abscessus. Efficacy of the knock-out system was evaluated by applying deletions and insertions to the mps1 gene. A comparative genomic analysis of mutants and wild type validated the target specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suriya Akter
- Unit 16 Mycotic and Parasitic Agents and Mycobacteria, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Kamal
- Unit 16 Mycotic and Parasitic Agents and Mycobacteria, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Carsten Schwarz
- Klinikum Westbrandenburg, Campus Potsdam, Cystic Fibrosis Section, Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Astrid Lewin
- Unit 16 Mycotic and Parasitic Agents and Mycobacteria, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany.
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Neo DM, Clatworthy AE, Hung DT. A dual-plasmid CRISPR/Cas9-based method for rapid and efficient genetic disruption in Mycobacterium abscessus. J Bacteriol 2024; 206:e0033523. [PMID: 38319218 PMCID: PMC10955840 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00335-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium abscessus is increasingly recognized for causing infections that are notoriously difficult to treat, owing to its large arsenal of intrinsic antibiotic resistance mechanisms. Tools for the genetic manipulation of the pathogen are critical for enabling a better understanding of M. abscessus biology, pathogenesis, and antibiotic resistance mechanisms. However, existing methods are largely recombination-based, which are relatively inefficient. Meanwhile, CRISPR/Cas9 has revolutionized the field of genome editing including its recent adaptation for use in mycobacteria. In this study, we report a streamlined and efficient method for rapid genetic disruptions in M. abscessus. Harnessing the CRISPR1 loci from Streptococcus thermophilus, we have developed a dual-plasmid workflow that introduces Cas9 and sgRNA cassettes in separate steps but requires no other additional factors to engineer mutations in single genes or multiple genes simultaneously or sequentially using multiple targeting sgRNAs. Importantly, the efficiency of mutant generation is several orders of magnitude higher than reported for homologous recombination-based methods. This work, thus, reports the first application of CRISPR/Cas9 for gene editing in M. abscessus and is an important tool in the arsenal for the genetic manipulation of this human pathogen. IMPORTANCE Mycobacterium abscessus is an opportunistic pathogen of increasing clinical importance due to its poor clinical outcomes and limited treatment options. Drug discovery and development in this highly antibiotic-resistant species will require further understanding of M. abscessus biology, pathogenesis, and antibiotic resistance mechanisms. However, existing methods for facile genetic engineering are relatively inefficient. This study reports on the first application of CRISPR/Cas9 for gene editing in M. abscessus using a dual-plasmid workflow. We establish that our method is easily programmable, efficient, and versatile for genetic disruptions in M. abscessus. This is a critical advancement to facilitating targeted gene function studies in this emerging pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donavan Marcus Neo
- Infectious Disease and Microbiome Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology and Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Anne E. Clatworthy
- Infectious Disease and Microbiome Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology and Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Deborah T. Hung
- Infectious Disease and Microbiome Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology and Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Boudehen YM, Tasrini Y, Aguilera-Correa JJ, Alcaraz M, Kremer L. Silencing essential gene expression in Mycobacterium abscessus during infection. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0283623. [PMID: 37831478 PMCID: PMC10714871 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02836-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Mycobacterium abscessus represents the most common rapidly growing mycobacterial pathogen in cystic fibrosis and is extremely difficult to eradicate. Essential genes are required for growth, often participate in pathogenesis, and encode valid drug targets for further chemotherapeutic developments. However, assessing the function of essential genes in M. abscessus remains challenging due to the limited spectrum of efficient genetic tools. Herein, we generated a Tet-OFF-based system allowing to knock down the expression of mmpL3, encoding the mycolic acid transporter in mycobacteria. Using this conditional mutant, we confirm the essentiality of mmpL3 in planktonic cultures, in biofilms, and during infection in zebrafish embryos. Thus, in this study, we developed a robust and reliable method to silence the expression of any M. abscessus gene during host infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yves-Marie Boudehen
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 9004, Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM), Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Yara Tasrini
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 9004, Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM), Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - John Jairo Aguilera-Correa
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 9004, Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM), Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Matthéo Alcaraz
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 9004, Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM), Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Laurent Kremer
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 9004, Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM), Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- INSERM, IRIM, Montpellier, France
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Kania K, Wόjcik K, Czekajewska J, Grzesiak M, Klesiewicz K. Molecular Identification of Strains within the Mycobacterium abscessus Complex and Determination of Resistance to Macrolides and Aminoglycosides. Pol J Microbiol 2023; 72:491-506. [PMID: 38103008 PMCID: PMC10725167 DOI: 10.33073/pjm-2023-048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the most relevant and pathogenic groups among the rapidly growing mycobacteria (RGM) is Mycobacterium abscessus complex (MABC) that includes three subspecies: M. abscessus subsp. abscessus, M. abscessus subsp. bolletii, and M. abscessus subsp. massiliense. The aim of this study was the analysis of prevalence of MABC among other non-tuberculous mycobacteria isolated from patients in the Malopolska Region of Poland, between 2018 and 2021, as well as determination of their subspecies and molecular mechanisms of resistance to macrolides and aminoglycosides. The incidence of MABC was 5,4% (12/223). Eight strains were classified as M. abscessus subsp. abscessus, three as M. abscessus subsp. massiliense and one M. abscessus subsp. bolletii. Molecular analysis showed resistance to macrolides for eight strains of M. abscessus subsp. abscessus associated with erm(41)T28 gene mutations. One strain of M. abscessus subsp. abscessus showed resistance to macrolides (two mutations simultaneously: in erm(41)T28 and rrl genes) and aminoglycosides (point mutation in rrs gene). One strain of M. abscessus subs. bolletii was resistant to macrolides (erm(41)T28 mutation), whereas presented no mutations for aminoglycosides. M. abscessus subsp. massiliense reveal no mutations. High clarithromycin resistance of M. abscessus, determines the urgent need for susceptibility-based treatment. Molecular determination of resistance mechanisms to aminoglycosides and macrolides enables fast and accurate targeted treatment implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Kania
- Malopolska Central Laboratory of Tuberculosis Diagnostics, The St. John Paul II Specialist Hospital, Cracow, Poland
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Collegium Medicum, Cracow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Wόjcik
- Malopolska Central Laboratory of Tuberculosis Diagnostics, The St. John Paul II Specialist Hospital, Cracow, Poland
| | - Joanna Czekajewska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Collegium Medicum, Cracow, Poland
| | - Magdalena Grzesiak
- Laboratory of Microbiology, The St. John Paul II Specialist Hospital, Cracow, Poland
| | - Karolina Klesiewicz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Collegium Medicum, Cracow, Poland
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Veigyabati Devi M, Singh AK. Delineation of transcriptional regulators involve in biofilm formation cycle of Mycobacterium abscessus. Gene 2023; 882:147644. [PMID: 37479094 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Mycobacterium abscessus is an intrinsically and acquired multidrug resistant (MDR) intracellular pathogen with biofilm formation capability and limited option for treatment. Biofilm is the major characteristic that leads to failure and prolong treatment, intensifies treatment cost and increases mortality/morbidity rate. However, the biofilm formation regulations of M. abscessus remain largely unexplored. In this study, we identify the putative/hypothetical transcriptional regulator (TR) of M. abscessus that are involved in biofilm formation. This study includes fifty TRs belonging to thirteen different families viz., AraC, ArsR, AsnC, CarD, CdaR, GntR, IclR, LysR, MarR, PadR, PrrA, TetR and WhiB, including TRs of unknown family. The promoter of these putative TRs were fused individually with GFP and analyzed their expression using CLSM in planktonic phase and early, mid and mature stages of biofilm formation phase, which overall termed as biofilm formation cycle. Further, qRT-PCR was carried out for selected TRs to analyze their differential expressions. This study found thirteen numbers of TR belonging to TetR family, five TRs belonging to MarR family, four TRs of unannotated TR family, two AraC TRs, two LysR, two GntR, two AsnC, one each of ArsR family, CarD family, IclR family, PadR family, PrrA family and WhiB family selected for this study are involved in biofilm formation cycle. Our study characterized the TRs with respect to their role in biofilm formation for the first time in M. abscessus and also found that their biofilm formation is regulated by diverse TR families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moirangthem Veigyabati Devi
- Biological Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat 785006, Assam, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Anil Kumar Singh
- Biological Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat 785006, Assam, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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Illouz M, Leclercq LD, Dessenne C, Hatfull G, Daher W, Kremer L, Guérardel Y. Multiple Mycobacterium abscessus O-acetyltransferases influence glycopeptidolipid structure and colony morphotype. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:104979. [PMID: 37390990 PMCID: PMC10400925 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium abscessus causes severe lung infections. Clinical isolates can have either smooth (S) or rough (R) colony morphotypes; of these, S but not R variants have abundant cell wall glycopeptidolipids (GPL) consisting of a peptidolipid core substituted by a 6-deoxy-α-L-talose (6-dTal) and rhamnose residues. Deletion of gtf1, encoding the 6-dTal transferase, results in the S-to-R transition, mycobacterial cord formation, and increased virulence, underscoring the importance of 6-dTal in infection outcomes. However, since 6-dTal is di-O-acetylated, it is unclear whether the gtf1 mutant phenotypes are related to the loss of the 6-dTal or the result of the absence of acetylation. Here, we addressed whether M. abscessus atf1 and atf2, encoding two putative O-acetyltransferases located within the gpl biosynthetic locus, transfer acetyl groups to 6-dTal. We found deletion of atf1 and/or atf2 did not drastically alter the GPL acetylation profile, suggesting there are additional enzymes with redundant functions. We subsequently identified two paralogs of atf1 and atf2, MAB_1725c and MAB_3448. While deletion of MAB_1725c and MAB_3448 had no effect on GPL acetylation, the triple atf1-atf2-MAB_1725c mutant did not synthetize fully acetylated GPL, and the quadruple mutant was totally devoid of acetylated GPL. Moreover, both triple and quadruple mutants accumulated hyper-methylated GPL. Finally, we show deletion of atf genes resulted in subtle changes in colony morphology but had no effect on M. abscessus internalization by macrophages. Overall, these findings reveal the existence of functionally redundant O-acetyltransferases and suggest that O-acetylation influences the glycan moiety of GPL by deflecting biosynthetic flux in M. abscessus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgane Illouz
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 9004, Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM), Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Louis-David Leclercq
- UMR 8576 - UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, CNRS, Université de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Clara Dessenne
- UMR 8576 - UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, CNRS, Université de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Graham Hatfull
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Wassim Daher
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 9004, Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM), Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France; INSERM, IRIM, Montpellier, France
| | - Laurent Kremer
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 9004, Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM), Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France; INSERM, IRIM, Montpellier, France.
| | - Yann Guérardel
- UMR 8576 - UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, CNRS, Université de Lille, Lille, France; Institute for Glyco-Core Research (iGCORE), Gifu University, Gifu, Japan.
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Calvet-Seral J, Crespo-Yuste E, Mathys V, Rodriguez-Villalobos H, Ceyssens PJ, Martin A, Gonzalo-Asensio J. Targeted Chromosomal Barcoding Establishes Direct Genotype-Phenotype Associations for Antibiotic Resistance in Mycobacterium abscessus. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0534422. [PMID: 36988496 PMCID: PMC10269753 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.05344-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
A bedaquiline-resistant Mycobacterium abscessus isolate was sequenced, and a candidate mutation in the atpE gene was identified as responsible for the antibiotic resistance phenotype. To establish a direct genotype-phenotype relationship of this mutation which results in a Asp-to-Ala change at position 29 (D29A), we developed a recombineering-based method consisting of the specific replacement of the desired mutation in the bacterial chromosome. As surrogate bacteria, we used two M. abscessus bedaquiline-susceptible strains: ATCC 19977 and the SL541 clinical isolate. The allelic exchange substrates used in recombineering carried either the sole D29A mutation or a genetic barcode of silent mutations in codons flanking the D29A mutation. After selection of bedaquiline-resistant M. abscessus colonies transformed with both substrates, we obtained equivalent numbers of recombinants. These resistant colonies were analyzed by allele-specific PCR and Sanger sequencing, and we demonstrated that the presence of the genetic barcode was linked to the targeted incorporation of the desired mutation in its chromosomal location. All recombinants displayed the same MIC to bedaquiline as the original isolate, from which the D29A mutation was identified. Finally, to demonstrate the broad applicability of this method, we confirmed the association of bedaquiline resistance with the atpE A64P mutation in analysis performed in independent M. abscessus strains and by independent researchers. IMPORTANCE Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) threatens the effective prevention and treatment of an ever-increasing range of infections caused by microorganisms. On the other hand, infections caused by Mycobacterium abscessus affect people with chronic lung diseases, and their incidence has grown alarmingly in recent years. Further, these bacteria are known to easily develop AMR to the few therapeutic options available, making their treatment long-lasting and challenging. The recent introduction of new antibiotics against M. abscessus, such as bedaquiline, makes us anticipate a future when a plethora of antibiotic-resistant strains will be isolated and sequenced. However, in the era of whole-genome sequencing, one of the challenges is to unequivocally assign a biological function to each identified polymorphism. Thus, in this study, we developed a fast, robust, and reliable method to assign genotype-phenotype associations for putative antibiotic-resistant polymorphisms in M. abscessus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Calvet-Seral
- Grupo de Genética de Micobacterias, Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Zaragoza IIS-Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain
- CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Estefanía Crespo-Yuste
- Grupo de Genética de Micobacterias, Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Zaragoza IIS-Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain
- CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Vanessa Mathys
- Unit of Human Bacterial Diseases, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Hector Rodriguez-Villalobos
- Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Microbiology Department, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Anandi Martin
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Université Catholique de Louvain, Woluwe-Saint-Lambert, Belgium
- Syngulon, Seraing, Belgium
| | - Jesús Gonzalo-Asensio
- Grupo de Genética de Micobacterias, Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Zaragoza IIS-Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain
- CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Biocomputación y Física de Sistemas Complejos, Zaragoza, Spain
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12
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Gilliland HN, Beckman OK, Olive AJ. A Genome-Wide Screen in Macrophages Defines Host Genes Regulating the Uptake of Mycobacterium abscessus. mSphere 2023; 8:e0066322. [PMID: 36794958 PMCID: PMC10117111 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00663-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The interactions between a host cell and a pathogen can dictate disease outcomes and are important targets for host-directed therapies. Mycobacterium abscessus (Mab) is a highly antibiotic resistant, rapidly growing nontuberculous mycobacterium that infects patients with chronic lung diseases. Mab can infect host immune cells, such as macrophages, which contribute to its pathogenesis. However, our understanding of initial host-Mab interactions remains unclear. Here, we developed a functional genetic approach to define these host-Mab interactions by coupling a Mab fluorescent reporter with a genome-wide knockout library in murine macrophages. We used this approach to conduct a forward genetic screen to define host genes that contribute to the uptake of Mab by macrophages. We identified known regulators of phagocytosis, such as the integrin ITGB2, and uncovered a key requirement for glycosaminoglycan (sGAG) synthesis for macrophages to efficiently take up Mab. CRISPR-Cas9 targeting of three key sGAG biosynthesis regulators, Ugdh, B3gat3, and B4galt7 resulted in reduced uptake of both smooth and rough Mab variants by macrophages. Mechanistic studies suggest that sGAGs function upstream of pathogen engulfment and are required for the uptake of Mab, but not Escherichia coli or latex beads. Further investigation found that the loss of sGAGs reduced the surface expression, but not the mRNA expression, of key integrins, suggesting an important role for sGAGs in modulating surface receptor availability. Together, these studies globally define and characterize important regulators of macrophage-Mab interactions and are a first step to understanding host genes that contribute to Mab pathogenesis and disease. IMPORTANCE Pathogen interactions with immune cells like macrophages contribute to pathogenesis, yet the mechanisms underlying these interactions remain largely undefined. For emerging respiratory pathogens, like Mycobacterium abscessus, understanding these host-pathogen interactions is important to fully understand disease progression. Given that M. abscessus is broadly recalcitrant to antibiotic treatments, new therapeutic approaches are needed. Here, we leveraged a genome-wide knockout library in murine macrophages to globally define host genes required for M. abscessus uptake. We identified new macrophage uptake regulators during M. abscessus infection, including a subset of integrins and the glycosaminoglycan synthesis (sGAG) pathway. While ionic characteristics of sGAGs are known to drive pathogen-cell interactions, we discovered a previously unrecognized requirement for sGAGs to maintain robust surface expression of key uptake receptors. Thus, we developed a flexible forward-genetic pipeline to define important interactions during M. abscessus infection and more broadly identified a new mechanism by which sGAGs control pathogen uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haleigh N. Gilliland
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Olivia K. Beckman
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Andrew J. Olive
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
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13
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Gupta R, Rohde KH. Implementation of a mycobacterial CRISPRi platform in Mycobacterium abscessus and demonstration of the essentiality of ftsZ Mab. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2023; 138:102292. [PMID: 36495774 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2022.102292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium abscessus (Mab) is a highly drug-resistant non-tuberculous mycobacterial species that causes debilitating TB-like pulmonary infections. The lack of genetic tools has hampered characterization of its extensive repertoire of virulence factors, antimicrobial resistance mechanisms, and drug targets. In this study, we evaluated the performance of a mycobacterial single plasmid CRISPRi-dCas9 system optimized for M. tuberculosis and M. smegmatis for inducible gene silencing in Mab. The efficacy of CRISPRi-mediated repression of two antibiotic resistance genes (blaMab, whiB7Mab) and two putative essential genes (ftsZMab,topAMab) was determined by measuring mRNA transcript levels and phenotypic outcomes. While our results support the utility of this mycobacterial CRISPRi dCas9Sth1 single-plasmid platform for inducible silencing of specific target genes in Mab, they also highlighted several caveats and nuances that may warrant species-specific optimization for Mab. We observed overall lower levels of gene repression in Mab including variable silencing of different target genes despite use of PAMs of similar predicted strength. In addition, leaky gene repression in the absence of inducer was noted for some genes but not others. Nonetheless, using CRISPRi we demonstrated the silencing of multiple target genes and validated ftsZMab as an essential gene and promising drug target for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Gupta
- Division of Immunity and Pathogenesis, College of Medicine, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, 6900 Lake Nona Blvd, FL, 32827, USA.
| | - Kyle H Rohde
- Division of Immunity and Pathogenesis, College of Medicine, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, 6900 Lake Nona Blvd, FL, 32827, USA.
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14
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Fressatti Cardoso R, Martín-Blecua I, Pietrowski Baldin V, Meneguello JE, Valverde JR, Blázquez J, Castañeda-García A. Noncanonical Mismatch Repair Protein NucS Modulates the Emergence of Antibiotic Resistance in Mycobacterium abscessus. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0222822. [PMID: 36219122 PMCID: PMC9769700 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02228-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
NucS/EndoMS-dependent noncanonical mismatch repair (MMR) ensures the stability of genomic DNA in mycobacteria and acts as a guardian of the genome by preventing the accumulation of point mutations. In order to address whether the inactivation of noncanonical MMR could increase the acquisition of drug resistance by mutation, a ΔnucS strain was constructed and explored in the emerging pathogen Mycobacterium abscessus. Deletion of nucS resulted in a mutator phenotype with increased acquisition of resistance to macrolides and aminoglycosides, the two main groups of antimycobacterial agents for M. abscessus treatment, and also to second-line drugs such as fluoroquinolones. Inactivation of the noncanonical MMR in M. abscessus led to increases of 10- to 22-fold in the appearance of spontaneous mutants resistant to the macrolide clarithromycin and the aminoglycosides amikacin, gentamicin, and apramycin, compared with the wild-type strain. Furthermore, emergence of fluoroquinolone (ciprofloxacin) resistance was detected in a nucS-deficient strain but not in a wild-type M. abscessus strain. Acquired drug resistance to macrolides and aminoglycosides was analyzed through sequencing of the 23S rRNA gene rrl and the 16S rRNA gene rrs from independent drug-resistant colonies of both strains. When the acquisition of clarithromycin resistance was examined, a different mutational profile was detected in the M. abscessus ΔnucS strain compared with the wild-type one. To summarize, M. abscessus requires the NucS-dependent noncanonical MMR pathway to prevent the emergence of drug-resistant isolates by mutation. To our knowledge, this is the first report that reveals the role of NucS in a human pathogen, and these findings have potential implications for the treatment of M. abscessus infections. IMPORTANCE Chronic infections caused by M. abscessus are an emerging challenge in public health, posing a substantial health and economic burden, especially in patients with cystic fibrosis. Treatment of M. abscessus infections with antibiotics is particularly challenging, as its complex drug resistance mechanisms, including constitutive resistance through DNA mutation, lead to high rates of treatment failure. To decipher the evolution of antibiotic resistance in M. abscessus, we studied NucS-dependent noncanonical MMR, a unique DNA repair pathway involved in genomic maintenance. Inactivation of NucS is linked to the increase of DNA mutations (hypermutation), which can confer drug resistance. Our analysis detected increased acquisition of mutations conferring resistance to first-line and second-line antibiotics. We believe that this study will improve the knowledge of how this pathogen could evolve into an untreatable infectious agent, and it uncovers a role for hypermutators in chronic infectious diseases under antibiotic pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosilene Fressatti Cardoso
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Biomedicina, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Isabel Martín-Blecua
- Departamento de Biotecnología Microbiana, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología CNB-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Vanessa Pietrowski Baldin
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Biomedicina, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Jean Eduardo Meneguello
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Biomedicina, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - José Ramón Valverde
- Departamento de Computación Científica, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología CNB-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Blázquez
- Departamento de Biotecnología Microbiana, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología CNB-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alfredo Castañeda-García
- Departamento de Biotecnología Microbiana, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología CNB-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
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15
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Iannuzo N, Haller YA, McBride M, Mehari S, Lainson JC, Diehnelt CW, Haydel SE. High-Throughput Screening Identifies Synthetic Peptides with Antibacterial Activity against Mycobacterium abscessus and Serum Stability. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:23967-23977. [PMID: 35847280 PMCID: PMC9281306 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c02844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The rise in antibiotic resistance in bacteria has spawned new technological approaches for identifying novel antimicrobials with narrow specificity. Current antibiotic treatment regimens and antituberculosis drugs are not effective in treating Mycobacterium abscessus. Meanwhile, antimicrobial peptides are gaining prominence as alternative antimicrobials due to their specificity toward anionic bacterial membranes, rapid action, and limited development of resistance. To rapidly identify antimicrobial peptide candidates, our group has developed a high-density peptide microarray consisting of 125,000 random synthetic peptides screened for interaction with the mycobacterial cell surface of M. abscessus morphotypes. From the array screening, peptides positive for interaction were synthesized and their antimicrobial activity was validated. Overall, six peptides inhibited the M. abscessus smooth morphotype (IC50 = 1.7 μM for all peptides) and had reduced activity against the M. abscessus rough morphotype (IC50 range: 13-82 μM). Peptides ASU2056 and ASU2060 had minimum inhibitory concentration values of 32 and 8 μM, respectively, against the M. abscessus smooth morphotype. Additionally, ASU2060 (8 μM) was active against Escherichia coli, including multidrug-resistant E. coli clinical isolates, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. ASU2056 and ASU2060 exhibited no significant hemolytic activity at biologically relevant concentrations, further supporting these peptides as promising therapeutic candidates. Moreover, ASU2060 retained antibacterial activity after preincubation in human serum for 24 h. With antimicrobial resistance on the rise, methods such as those presented here will streamline the peptide discovery process for targeted antimicrobial peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Iannuzo
- School
of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
- School
of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Yannik A. Haller
- School
of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Michelle McBride
- The
Biodesign Institute Center for Bioelectronics and Biosensors, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Sabrina Mehari
- School
of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - John C. Lainson
- The
Biodesign Institute Center for Innovations in Medicine, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Chris W. Diehnelt
- The
Biodesign Institute Center for Innovations in Medicine, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Shelley E. Haydel
- School
of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
- The
Biodesign Institute Center for Bioelectronics and Biosensors, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
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16
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Akusobi C, Benghomari BS, Zhu J, Wolf ID, Singhvi S, Dulberger CL, Ioerger TR, Rubin EJ. Transposon mutagenesis in Mycobacterium abscessus identifies an essential penicillin-binding protein involved in septal peptidoglycan synthesis and antibiotic sensitivity. eLife 2022; 11:71947. [PMID: 35659317 PMCID: PMC9170245 DOI: 10.7554/elife.71947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium abscessus (Mab) is a rapidly growing non-tuberculous mycobacterium (NTM) that causes a wide range of infections. Treatment of Mab infections is difficult because the bacterium is intrinsically resistant to many classes of antibiotics. Developing new and effective treatments against Mab requires a better understanding of the unique vulnerabilities that can be targeted for future drug development. To achieve this, we identified essential genes in Mab by conducting transposon sequencing (TnSeq) on the reference Mab strain ATCC 19977. We generated ~51,000 unique transposon mutants and used this high-density library to identify 362 essential genes for in vitro growth. To investigate species-specific vulnerabilities in Mab, we further characterized MAB_3167c, a predicted penicillin-binding protein and hypothetical lipoprotein (PBP-lipo) that is essential in Mab and non-essential in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). We found that PBP-lipo primarily localizes to the subpolar region and later to the septum as cells prepare to divide. Depletion of Mab PBP-lipo causes cells to elongate, develop ectopic branches, and form multiple septa. Knockdown of PBP-lipo along with PbpB, DacB1, and a carboxypeptidase, MAB_0519 lead to synergistic growth arrest. In contrast, these genetic interactions were absent in the Mtb model organism, Mycobacterium smegmatis, indicating that the PBP-lipo homologs in the two species exist in distinct genetic networks. Finally, repressing PBP-lipo sensitized the reference strain and 11 Mab clinical isolates to several classes of antibiotics, including the β-lactams, ampicillin, and amoxicillin by greater than 128-fold. Altogether, this study presents PBP-lipo as a key enzyme to study Mab-specific processes in cell wall synthesis and importantly positions PBP-lipo as an attractive drug target to treat Mab infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chidiebere Akusobi
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, United States
| | | | - Junhao Zhu
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, United States
| | - Ian D Wolf
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, United States
| | - Shreya Singhvi
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States
| | - Charles L Dulberger
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, United States
| | - Thomas R Ioerger
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, United States
| | - Eric J Rubin
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, United States
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17
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Kam JY, Wright K, Britton WJ, Oehlers SH. Treatment of infection-induced vascular pathologies is protective against persistent rough morphotype Mycobacterium abscessus infection in zebrafish. Microb Pathog 2022; 167:105590. [PMID: 35588967 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium abscessus infections are of increasing global prevalence and are often difficult to treat due to complex antibiotic resistance profiles. While there are similarities between the pathogenesis of M. abscessus and tuberculous mycobacteria, including granuloma formation and stromal remodelling, there are distinct molecular differences at the host-pathogen interface. Here we have used a zebrafish-M. abscessus model and host-directed therapies that were previously identified in the zebrafish-M. marinum model to identify potential host-directed therapies against M. abscessus infection. We find efficacy of anti-angiogenic and vascular normalizing therapies against rough M. abscessus infection, but no effect of anti-platelet drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Y Kam
- Tuberculosis Research Program at the Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia
| | - Kathryn Wright
- Tuberculosis Research Program at the Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia
| | - Warwick J Britton
- Tuberculosis Research Program at the Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia; Department of Clinical Immunology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia
| | - Stefan H Oehlers
- Tuberculosis Research Program at the Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia; The University of Sydney, Sydney Institute for Infectious Diseases, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia; A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs (A*STAR ID Labs), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138648, Singapore.
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18
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Ferrell KC, Johansen MD, Triccas JA, Counoupas C. Virulence Mechanisms of Mycobacterium abscessus: Current Knowledge and Implications for Vaccine Design. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:842017. [PMID: 35308378 PMCID: PMC8928063 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.842017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium abscessus is a member of the non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) group, responsible for chronic infections in individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF) or those otherwise immunocompromised. While viewed traditionally as an opportunistic pathogen, increasing research into M. abscessus in recent years has highlighted its continued evolution into a true pathogen. This is demonstrated through an extensive collection of virulence factors (VFs) possessed by this organism which facilitate survival within the host, particularly in the harsh environment of the CF lung. These include VFs resembling those of other Mycobacteria, and non-mycobacterial VFs, both of which make a notable contribution in shaping M. abscessus interaction with the host. Mycobacterium abscessus continued acquisition of VFs is cause for concern and highlights the need for novel vaccination strategies to combat this pathogen. An effective M. abscessus vaccine must be suitably designed for target populations (i.e., individuals with CF) and incorporate current knowledge on immune correlates of protection against M. abscessus infection. Vaccination strategies must also build upon lessons learned from ongoing efforts to develop novel vaccines for other pathogens, particularly Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb); decades of research into M. tb has provided insight into unconventional and innovative vaccine approaches that may be applied to M. abscessus. Continued research into M. abscessus pathogenesis will be critical for the future development of safe and effective vaccines and therapeutics to reduce global incidence of this emerging pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kia C. Ferrell
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- Tuberculosis Research Program, Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- *Correspondence: Kia C. Ferrell,
| | - Matt D. Johansen
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, University of Technology, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, University of Technology, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - James A. Triccas
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Institute for Infectious Diseases and the Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Claudio Counoupas
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- Tuberculosis Research Program, Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Institute for Infectious Diseases and the Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- Claudio Counoupas,
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19
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Kam JY, Hortle E, Krogman E, Warner SE, Wright K, Luo K, Cheng T, Manuneedhi Cholan P, Kikuchi K, Triccas JA, Britton WJ, Johansen MD, Kremer L, Oehlers SH. Rough and smooth variants of Mycobacterium abscessus are differentially controlled by host immunity during chronic infection of adult zebrafish. Nat Commun 2022; 13:952. [PMID: 35177649 PMCID: PMC8854618 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28638-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Prevalence of Mycobacterium abscessus infections is increasing in patients with respiratory comorbidities. After initial colonisation, M. abscessus smooth colony (S) variants can undergo an irreversible genetic switch into highly inflammatory, rough colony (R) variants, often associated with a decline in pulmonary function. Here, we use an adult zebrafish model of chronic infection with R and S variants to study M. abscessus pathogenesis in the context of fully functioning host immunity. We show that infection with an R variant causes an inflammatory immune response that drives necrotic granuloma formation through host TNF signalling, mediated by the tnfa, tnfr1 and tnfr2 gene products. T cell-dependent immunity is stronger against the R variant early in infection, and regulatory T cells associate with R variant granulomas and limit bacterial growth. In comparison, an S variant proliferates to high burdens but appears to be controlled by TNF-dependent innate immunity early during infection, resulting in delayed granuloma formation. Thus, our work demonstrates the applicability of adult zebrafish to model persistent M. abscessus infection, and illustrates differences in the immunopathogenesis induced by R and S variants during granulomatous infection. The pathogen Mycobacterium abscessus can switch from a smooth colony form (S) into a highly inflammatory, rough colony form (R) during infection. Here, Kam et al. use an adult zebrafish model of M. abscessus chronic infection to illustrate differences in the immunopathogenesis induced by R and S variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Y Kam
- Tuberculosis Research Program at the Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Elinor Hortle
- Tuberculosis Research Program at the Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.,The University of Sydney, Faculty of Medicine and Health & Marie Bashir Institute, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Krogman
- Tuberculosis Research Program at the Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Sherridan E Warner
- Tuberculosis Research Program at the Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.,The University of Sydney, Faculty of Medicine and Health & Marie Bashir Institute, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Kathryn Wright
- Tuberculosis Research Program at the Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Kaiming Luo
- Tuberculosis Research Program at the Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Tina Cheng
- Tuberculosis Research Program at the Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Pradeep Manuneedhi Cholan
- Tuberculosis Research Program at the Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Kazu Kikuchi
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.,St. Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - James A Triccas
- The University of Sydney, Faculty of Medicine and Health & Marie Bashir Institute, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Warwick J Britton
- Tuberculosis Research Program at the Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.,Department of Clinical Immunology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Matt D Johansen
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 9004, Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM), Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Laurent Kremer
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 9004, Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM), Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,INSERM, IRIM, Montpellier, France
| | - Stefan H Oehlers
- Tuberculosis Research Program at the Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia. .,The University of Sydney, Faculty of Medicine and Health & Marie Bashir Institute, Camperdown, NSW, Australia. .,A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore.
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20
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Freitas BCD, Meneguello JE, Eugenio LGF, Lemos R, Scodro RBDL, Siqueira VLD, Caleffi-Ferracioli KR, Cardoso RF. Cord factor producer Mycobacterium abscessus subsp. bolletii in asymptomatic immunocompetent host sputa samples. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-97902022e19504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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21
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de Moura VCN, Verma D, Everall I, Brown KP, Belardinelli JM, Shanley C, Stapleton M, Parkhill J, Floto RA, Ordway DJ, Jackson M. Increased Virulence of Outer Membrane Porin Mutants of Mycobacterium abscessus. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:706207. [PMID: 34335541 PMCID: PMC8317493 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.706207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic pulmonary infections caused by non-tuberculous mycobacteria of the Mycobacterium abscessus complex (MABSC) are emerging as a global health problem and pose a threat to susceptible individuals with structural lung disease such as cystic fibrosis. The molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenicity and intrinsic resistance of MABSC to antibiotics remain largely unknown. The involvement of Msp-type porins in the virulence and biocide resistance of some rapidly growing non-tuberculous mycobacteria and the finding of deletions and rearrangements in the porin genes of serially collected MABSC isolates from cystic fibrosis patients prompted us to investigate the contribution of these major surface proteins to MABSC infection. Inactivation by allelic replacement of the each of the two Msp-type porin genes of M. abscessus subsp. massiliense CIP108297, mmpA and mmpB, led to a marked increase in the virulence and pathogenicity of both mutants in murine macrophages and infected mice. Neither of the mutants were found to be significantly more resistant to antibiotics. These results suggest that adaptation to the host environment rather than antibiotic pressure is the key driver of the emergence of porin mutants during infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinicius C N de Moura
- Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Deepshikha Verma
- Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Isobel Everall
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Medical Research Council (MRC)-Laboratory of Molecular Biology, University of Cambridge Department of Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Karen P Brown
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Medical Research Council (MRC)-Laboratory of Molecular Biology, University of Cambridge Department of Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Cambridge Centre for Lung Infection, Papworth Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Juan M Belardinelli
- Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Crystal Shanley
- Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Megan Stapleton
- Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Julian Parkhill
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - R Andres Floto
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Medical Research Council (MRC)-Laboratory of Molecular Biology, University of Cambridge Department of Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Cambridge Centre for Lung Infection, Papworth Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Diane J Ordway
- Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Mary Jackson
- Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
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22
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Genome-Wide Essentiality Analysis of Mycobacterium abscessus by Saturated Transposon Mutagenesis and Deep Sequencing. mBio 2021; 12:e0104921. [PMID: 34126767 PMCID: PMC8262987 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01049-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium abscessus is an emerging opportunistic human pathogen that naturally resists most major classes of antibiotics, making infections difficult to treat. Thus far, little is known about M. abscessus physiology, pathogenesis, and drug resistance. Genome-wide analyses have comprehensively catalogued genes with essential functions in Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium avium subsp. hominissuis (here, M. avium) but not in M. abscessus. By optimizing transduction conditions, we achieved full saturation of TA insertion sites with Himar1 transposon mutagenesis in the M. abscessus ATCC 19977T genome, as confirmed by deep sequencing prior to essentiality analyses of annotated genes and other genomic features. The overall densities of inserted TA sites (85.7%), unoccupied TA sites (14.3%), and nonpermissive TA sites (8.1%) were similar to results in M. tuberculosis and M. avium. Of the 4,920 annotated genes, 326 were identified as essential, 269 (83%) of which have mutual homology with essential M. tuberculosis genes, while 39 (12%) are homologous to genes that are not essential in M. tuberculosis and M. avium, and 11 (3.4%) only have homologs in M. avium. Interestingly, 7 (2.1%) essential M. abscessus genes have no homologs in either M. tuberculosis or M. avium, two of which were found in phage-like elements. Most essential genes are involved in DNA replication, RNA transcription and translation, and posttranslational events to synthesize important macromolecules. Some essential genes may be involved in M. abscessus pathogenesis and antibiotics response, including certain essential tRNAs and new short open reading frames. Our findings will help to pave the way for better understanding of M. abscessus and benefit development of novel bactericidal drugs against M. abscessus. IMPORTANCE Limited knowledge regarding Mycobacterium abscessus pathogenesis and intrinsic resistance to most classes of antibiotics is a major obstacle to developing more effective strategies to prevent and mitigate disease. Using optimized procedures for Himar1 transposon mutagenesis and deep sequencing, we performed a comprehensive analysis to identify M. abscessus genetic elements essential for in vitro growth and compare them to similar data sets for M. tuberculosis and M. avium subsp. hominissuis. Most essential M. abscessus genes have mutual homology with essential M. tuberculosis genes, providing a foundation for leveraging available knowledge from M. tuberculosis to develop more effective drugs and other interventions against M. abscessus. A small number of essential genes unique to M. abscessus deserve further attention to gain insights into what makes M. abscessus different from other mycobacteria. The essential genes and other genomic features such as short open reading frames and noncoding RNA identified here will provide useful information for future study of M. abscessus pathogenicity and new drug development.
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23
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Chimukuche NM, Williams MJ. Genetic Manipulation of Non-tuberculosis Mycobacteria. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:633510. [PMID: 33679662 PMCID: PMC7925387 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.633510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-tuberculosis mycobacteria (NTMs) comprise a large group of organisms that are phenotypically diverse. Analysis of the growing number of completed NTM genomes has revealed both significant intra-genus genetic diversity, and a high percentage of predicted genes that appear to be unique to this group. Most NTMs have not been studied, however, the rise in NTM infections in several countries has prompted increasing interest in these organisms. Mycobacterial research has recently benefitted from the development of new genetic tools and a growing number of studies describing the genetic manipulation of NTMs have now been reported. In this review, we discuss the use of both site-specific and random mutagenesis tools in NTMs, highlighting the challenges that exist in applying these techniques to this diverse group of organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Monique J Williams
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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24
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Li B, Ye M, Zhao L, Guo Q, Chen J, Xu B, Zhan M, Zhang Y, Zhang Z, Chu H. Glycopeptidolipid Genotype Correlates With the Severity of Mycobacterium abscessus Lung Disease. J Infect Dis 2021; 221:S257-S262. [PMID: 32176786 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiz475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smooth and rough colony morphotypes of Mycobacterium abscessus are associated with virulence, but some isolates form both smooth and rough colonies, impeding successful morphotype identification. Reportedly, smooth/rough morphotypes are also related to the glycopeptidolipid (GPL) genotype. However, the accuracy of GPL genotyping to discriminate morphotypes and the relationship between GPL genotype and clinical characteristics of M abscessus lung disease have not been verified. METHODS A retrospective analysis of colony morphology, GPL genotype, and clinical data from 182 patients with M abscessus lung disease was conducted. RESULTS Of 194 clinical isolates, 126 (65.0%), 15 (7.7%), and 53 (27.3%) exhibited rough, smooth, and mixed colony morphotypes, respectively. Glycopeptidolipid genotyping indicated that 86.7% (13 of 15) of smooth isolates belonged to the GPL-wild type (WT) group, whereas 98.4% (124 of 126) of rough isolates belonged to the GPL-mutant type (MUT) group. Therefore, GPL genotyping accurately distinguished between smooth and rough morphotypes. Mixed colony morphotypes were also divided into GPL-WT (18.9%) and GPL-MUT (81.1%) groups. Further analysis revealed that patients infected with the GPL-MUT group presented with significantly worse baseline clinical characteristics and exacerbated episodes of lung disease. CONCLUSIONS Glycopeptidolipid genotyping accurately distinguishes smooth and rough colony morphotypes. Patients infected with the GPL-MUT genotype exhibit worse clinical characteristics and are at a higher risk of exacerbated lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Meiping Ye
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lan Zhao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Guo
- Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianhui Chen
- Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Benyong Xu
- Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengling Zhan
- Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongjie Zhang
- Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhemin Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Haiqing Chu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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25
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Rifabutin Is Bactericidal against Intracellular and Extracellular Forms of Mycobacterium abscessus. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2020; 64:AAC.00363-20. [PMID: 32816730 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00363-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium abscessus is increasingly recognized as an emerging opportunistic pathogen causing severe lung diseases. As it is intrinsically resistant to most conventional antibiotics, there is an unmet medical need for effective treatments. Repurposing of clinically validated pharmaceuticals represents an attractive option for the development of chemotherapeutic alternatives against M. abscessus infections. In this context, rifabutin (RFB) has been shown to be active against M. abscessus and has raised renewed interest in using rifamycins for the treatment of M. abscessus pulmonary diseases. Here, we compared the in vitro and in vivo activity of RFB against the smooth and rough variants of M. abscessus, differing in their susceptibility profiles to several drugs and physiopathologial characteristics. While the activity of RFB is greater against rough strains than in smooth strains in vitro, suggesting a role of the glycopeptidolipid layer in susceptibility to RFB, both variants were equally susceptible to RFB inside human macrophages. RFB treatment also led to a reduction in the number and size of intracellular and extracellular mycobacterial cords. Furthermore, RFB was highly effective in a zebrafish model of infection and protected the infected larvae from M. abscessus-induced killing. This was corroborated by a significant reduction in the overall bacterial burden, as well as decreased numbers of abscesses and cords, two major pathophysiological traits in infected zebrafish. This study indicates that RFB is active against M. abscessus both in vitro and in vivo, further supporting its potential usefulness as part of combination regimens targeting this difficult-to-treat mycobacterium.
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26
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Johansen MD, Herrmann JL, Kremer L. Non-tuberculous mycobacteria and the rise of Mycobacterium abscessus. Nat Rev Microbiol 2020; 18:392-407. [PMID: 32086501 DOI: 10.1038/s41579-020-0331-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 394] [Impact Index Per Article: 98.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Infections caused by non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are increasing globally and are notoriously difficult to treat due to intrinsic resistance of these bacteria to many common antibiotics. NTM are diverse and ubiquitous in the environment, with only a few species causing serious and often opportunistic infections in humans, including Mycobacterium abscessus. This rapidly growing mycobacterium is one of the most commonly identified NTM species responsible for severe respiratory, skin and mucosal infections in humans. It is often regarded as one of the most antibiotic-resistant mycobacteria, leaving us with few therapeutic options. In this Review, we cover the proposed infection process of M. abscessus, its virulence factors and host interactions and highlight the commonalities and differences of M. abscessus with other NTM species. Finally, we discuss drug resistance mechanisms and future therapeutic options. Taken together, this knowledge is essential to further our understanding of this overlooked and neglected global threat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matt D Johansen
- Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 9004, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Louis Herrmann
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, Infection et Inflammation, Montigny-Le-Bretonneux, France.,AP-HP. GHU Paris Saclay, Hôpital Raymond Poincaré, Garches, France
| | - Laurent Kremer
- Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 9004, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France. .,Inserm, Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
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27
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Promiscuous Targets for Antitubercular Drug Discovery: The Paradigm of DprE1 and MmpL3. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10020623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The development and spread of Mycobacterium tuberculosis multi-drug resistant strains still represent a great global health threat, leading to an urgent need for novel anti-tuberculosis drugs. Indeed, in the last years, several efforts have been made in this direction, through a number of high-throughput screenings campaigns, which allowed for the identification of numerous hit compounds and novel targets. Interestingly, several independent screening assays identified the same proteins as the target of different compounds, and for this reason, they were named “promiscuous” targets. These proteins include DprE1, MmpL3, QcrB and Psk13, and are involved in the key pathway for M. tuberculosis survival, thus they should represent an Achilles’ heel which could be exploited for the development of novel effective drugs. Indeed, among the last molecules which entered clinical trials, four inhibit a promiscuous target. Within this review, the two most promising promiscuous targets, the oxidoreductase DprE1 involved in arabinogalactan synthesis and the mycolic acid transporter MmpL3 are discussed, along with the latest advancements in the development of novel inhibitors with anti-tubercular activity.
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28
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Degiacomi G, Sammartino JC, Chiarelli LR, Riabova O, Makarov V, Pasca MR. Mycobacterium abscessus, an Emerging and Worrisome Pathogen among Cystic Fibrosis Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20235868. [PMID: 31766758 PMCID: PMC6928860 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20235868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) have recently emerged as important pathogens among cystic fibrosis (CF) patients worldwide. Mycobacterium abscessus is becoming the most worrisome NTM in this cohort of patients and recent findings clarified why this pathogen is so prone to this disease. M. abscessus drug therapy takes up to 2 years and its failure causes an accelerated lung function decline. The M. abscessus colonization of lung alveoli begins with smooth strains producing glycopeptidolipids and biofilm, whilst in the invasive infection, "rough" mutants are responsible for the production of trehalose dimycolate, and consequently, cording formation. Human-to-human M. abscessus transmission was demonstrated among geographically separated CF patients by whole-genome sequencing of clinical isolates worldwide. Using a M. abscessus infected CF zebrafish model, it was demonstrated that CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator) dysfunction seems to have a specific role in the immune control of M. abscessus infections only. This pathogen is also intrinsically resistant to many drugs, thanks to its physiology and to the acquisition of new mechanisms of drug resistance. Few new compounds or drug formulations active against M. abscessus are present in preclinical and clinical development, but recently alternative strategies have been investigated, such as phage therapy and the use of β-lactamase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Degiacomi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Lazzaro Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (G.D.); (J.C.S.); (L.R.C.)
| | - José Camilla Sammartino
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Lazzaro Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (G.D.); (J.C.S.); (L.R.C.)
- IUSS—University School for Advanced Studies, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Laurent Roberto Chiarelli
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Lazzaro Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (G.D.); (J.C.S.); (L.R.C.)
| | - Olga Riabova
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia; (O.R.); (V.M.)
| | - Vadim Makarov
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia; (O.R.); (V.M.)
| | - Maria Rosalia Pasca
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Lazzaro Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (G.D.); (J.C.S.); (L.R.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0382-985576
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29
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Madani A, Ridenour JN, Martin BP, Paudel RR, Abdul Basir A, Le Moigne V, Herrmann JL, Audebert S, Camoin L, Kremer L, Spilling CD, Canaan S, Cavalier JF. Cyclipostins and Cyclophostin Analogues as Multitarget Inhibitors That Impair Growth of Mycobacterium abscessus. ACS Infect Dis 2019; 5:1597-1608. [PMID: 31299146 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.9b00172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Twelve new Cyclophostin and Cyclipostins analogues (CyC19-30) were synthesized, thus extending our series to 38 CyCs. Their antibacterial activities were evaluated against four pathogenic mycobacteria (Mycobacterium abscessus, Mycobacterium marinum, Mycobacterium bovis BCG, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis) and two Gram negative bacteria. The CyCs displayed very low toxicity toward host cells and were only active against mycobacteria. Importantly, several CyCs were active against extracellular M. abscessus (CyC17/CyC18β/CyC25/CyC26) or intramacrophage residing mycobacteria (CyC7(α,β)/CyC8(α,β)) with minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC50) values comparable to or better than those of amikacin or imipenem, respectively. An activity-based protein profiling combined with mass spectrometry allowed identification of the potential target enzymes of CyC17/CyC26, mostly being involved in lipid metabolism and/or in cell wall biosynthesis. Overall, these results strengthen the selective activity of the CyCs against mycobacteria, including the most drug-resistant M. abscessus, through the cumulative inhibition of a large number of Ser- and Cys-enzymes participating in key physiological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdeldjalil Madani
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, LISM, Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France 13402 Cedex 20
| | - Jeremy N. Ridenour
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri−St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63121, United States
| | - Benjamin P. Martin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri−St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63121, United States
| | - Rishi R. Paudel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri−St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63121, United States
| | - Anosha Abdul Basir
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri−St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63121, United States
| | - Vincent Le Moigne
- APHP, GHU PIFO, Hôpital Raymond-Poincaré−Hôpital Ambroise-Paré, 92100 Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - Jean-Louis Herrmann
- APHP, GHU PIFO, Hôpital Raymond-Poincaré−Hôpital Ambroise-Paré, 92100 Boulogne-Billancourt, France
- 2I, UVSQ, INSERM UMR 1173, Université Paris-Saclay, 78035 Versailles, France
| | - Stéphane Audebert
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Marseille Protéomique, 13273 Marseille Cedex 09, France
| | - Luc Camoin
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Marseille Protéomique, 13273 Marseille Cedex 09, France
| | - Laurent Kremer
- Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM), CNRS, UMR 9004, Université de Montpellier, 34293 Montpellier, France
- IRIM, INSERM, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Christopher D. Spilling
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri−St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63121, United States
| | - Stéphane Canaan
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, LISM, Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France 13402 Cedex 20
| | - Jean-François Cavalier
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, LISM, Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France 13402 Cedex 20
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30
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Le Moigne V, Bernut A, Cortès M, Viljoen A, Dupont C, Pawlik A, Gaillard JL, Misguich F, Crémazy F, Kremer L, Herrmann JL. Lsr2 Is an Important Determinant of Intracellular Growth and Virulence in Mycobacterium abscessus. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:905. [PMID: 31114557 PMCID: PMC6503116 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium abscessus, a pathogen responsible for severe lung infections in cystic fibrosis patients, exhibits either smooth (S) or rough (R) morphotypes. The S-to-R transition correlates with inhibition of the synthesis and/or transport of glycopeptidolipids (GPLs) and is associated with an increase of pathogenicity in animal and human hosts. Lsr2 is a small nucleoid-associated protein highly conserved in mycobacteria, including M. abscessus, and is a functional homolog of the heat-stable nucleoid-structuring protein (H-NS). It is essential in Mycobacterium tuberculosis but not in the non-pathogenic model organism Mycobacterium smegmatis. It acts as a master transcriptional regulator of multiple genes involved in virulence and immunogenicity through binding to AT-rich genomic regions. Previous transcriptomic studies, confirmed here by quantitative PCR, showed increased expression of lsr2 (MAB_0545) in R morphotypes when compared to their S counterparts, suggesting a possible role of this protein in the virulence of the R form. This was addressed by generating lsr2 knock-out mutants in both S (Δlsr2-S) and R (Δlsr2-R) variants, demonstrating that this gene is dispensable for M. abscessus growth. We show that the wild-type S variant, Δlsr2-S and Δlsr2-R strains were more sensitive to H2O2 as compared to the wild-type R variant of M. abscessus. Importantly, virulence of the Lsr2 mutants was considerably diminished in cellular models (macrophage and amoeba) as well as in infected animals (mouse and zebrafish). Collectively, these results emphasize the importance of Lsr2 in M. abscessus virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Audrey Bernut
- UMR 9004, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Albertus Viljoen
- UMR 9004, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Christian Dupont
- UMR 9004, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Alexandre Pawlik
- Unité de Pathogénomique Mycobactérienne, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Louis Gaillard
- 2I, UVSQ, INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France.,APHP, GHU PIFO, Hôpital Raymond-Poincaré - Hôpital Ambroise-Paré, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | | | | | - Laurent Kremer
- UMR 9004, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,INSERM, Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Louis Herrmann
- 2I, UVSQ, INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France.,APHP, GHU PIFO, Hôpital Raymond-Poincaré - Hôpital Ambroise-Paré, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
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31
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Abstract
Actinobacteria is a group of diverse bacteria. Most species in this class of bacteria are filamentous aerobes found in soil, including the genus Streptomyces perhaps best known for their fascinating capabilities of producing antibiotics. These bacteria typically have a Gram-positive cell envelope, comprised of a plasma membrane and a thick peptidoglycan layer. However, there is a notable exception of the Corynebacteriales order, which has evolved a unique type of outer membrane likely as a consequence of convergent evolution. In this chapter, we will focus on the unique cell envelope of this order. This cell envelope features the peptidoglycan layer that is covalently modified by an additional layer of arabinogalactan . Furthermore, the arabinogalactan layer provides the platform for the covalent attachment of mycolic acids , some of the longest natural fatty acids that can contain ~100 carbon atoms per molecule. Mycolic acids are thought to be the main component of the outer membrane, which is composed of many additional lipids including trehalose dimycolate, also known as the cord factor. Importantly, a subset of bacteria in the Corynebacteriales order are pathogens of human and domestic animals, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The surface coat of these pathogens are the first point of contact with the host immune system, and we now know a number of host receptors specific to molecular patterns exposed on the pathogen's surface, highlighting the importance of understanding how the cell envelope of Actinobacteria is structured and constructed. This chapter describes the main structural and biosynthetic features of major components found in the actinobacterial cell envelopes and highlights the key differences between them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn C Rahlwes
- Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts, 639 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Ian L Sparks
- Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts, 639 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Yasu S Morita
- Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts, 639 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA.
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Dubois V, Viljoen A, Laencina L, Le Moigne V, Bernut A, Dubar F, Blaise M, Gaillard JL, Guérardel Y, Kremer L, Herrmann JL, Girard-Misguich F. MmpL8 MAB controls Mycobacterium abscessus virulence and production of a previously unknown glycolipid family. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E10147-E10156. [PMID: 30301802 PMCID: PMC6205491 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1812984115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium abscessus is a peculiar rapid-growing Mycobacterium (RGM) capable of surviving within eukaryotic cells thanks to an arsenal of virulence genes also found in slow-growing mycobacteria (SGM), such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis A screen based on the intracellular survival in amoebae and macrophages (MΦ) of an M. abscessus transposon mutant library revealed the important role of MAB_0855, a yet uncharacterized Mycobacterial membrane protein Large (MmpL). Large-scale comparisons with SGM and RGM genomes uncovered MmpL12 proteins as putative orthologs of MAB_0855 and a locus-scale synteny between the MAB_0855 and Mycobacterium chelonae mmpL8 loci. A KO mutant of the MAB_0855 gene, designated herein as mmpL8MAB , had impaired adhesion to MΦ and displayed a decreased intracellular viability. Despite retaining the ability to block phagosomal acidification, like the WT strain, the mmpL8MAB mutant was delayed in damaging the phagosomal membrane and in making contact with the cytosol. Virulence attenuation of the mutant was confirmed in vivo by impaired zebrafish killing and a diminished propensity to induce granuloma formation. The previously shown role of MmpL in lipid transport prompted us to investigate the potential lipid substrates of MmpL8MAB Systematic lipid analysis revealed that MmpL8MAB was required for the proper expression of a glycolipid entity, a glycosyl diacylated nonadecyl diol (GDND) alcohol comprising different combinations of oleic and stearic acids. This study shows the importance of MmpL8MAB in modifying interactions between the bacteria and phagocytic cells and in the production of a previously unknown glycolipid family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violaine Dubois
- Université de Versailles Saint Quentin en Yvelines, INSERM UMR1173, 78000 Versailles, France
| | - Albertus Viljoen
- CNRS UMR 9004, Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Laura Laencina
- Université de Versailles Saint Quentin en Yvelines, INSERM UMR1173, 78000 Versailles, France
| | - Vincent Le Moigne
- Université de Versailles Saint Quentin en Yvelines, INSERM UMR1173, 78000 Versailles, France
| | - Audrey Bernut
- CNRS UMR 9004, Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Faustine Dubar
- Université de Lille, CNRS UMR 8576, Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Mickaël Blaise
- CNRS UMR 9004, Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Louis Gaillard
- Université de Versailles Saint Quentin en Yvelines, INSERM UMR1173, 78000 Versailles, France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Groupement Hospitalier Universitaire Paris Ile de France Ouest, Hôpital Raymond Poincaré, Hôpital Ambroise Paré, 92380 Garches, Boulogne Billancourt, France
| | - Yann Guérardel
- Université de Lille, CNRS UMR 8576, Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Laurent Kremer
- CNRS UMR 9004, Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, 34293 Montpellier, France
- INSERM, Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Louis Herrmann
- Université de Versailles Saint Quentin en Yvelines, INSERM UMR1173, 78000 Versailles, France;
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Groupement Hospitalier Universitaire Paris Ile de France Ouest, Hôpital Raymond Poincaré, Hôpital Ambroise Paré, 92380 Garches, Boulogne Billancourt, France
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Gutiérrez AV, Viljoen A, Ghigo E, Herrmann JL, Kremer L. Glycopeptidolipids, a Double-Edged Sword of the Mycobacterium abscessus Complex. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1145. [PMID: 29922253 PMCID: PMC5996870 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium abscessus is a rapidly-growing species causing a diverse panel of clinical manifestations, ranging from cutaneous infections to severe respiratory disease. Its unique cell wall, contributing largely to drug resistance and to pathogenicity, comprises a vast panoply of complex lipids, among which the glycopeptidolipids (GPLs) have been the focus of intense research. These lipids fulfill various important functions, from sliding motility or biofilm formation to interaction with host cells and intramacrophage trafficking. Being highly immunogenic, the induction of a strong humoral response is likely to select for rough low-GPL producers. These, in contrast to the smooth high-GPL producers, display aggregative properties, which strongly impacts upon intracellular survival. A propensity to grow as extracellular cords allows these low-GPL producing bacilli to escape the innate immune defenses. Transitioning from high-GPL to low-GPL producers implicates mutations within genes involved in biosynthesis or transport of GPL. This leads to induction of an intense pro-inflammatory response and robust and lethal infections in animal models, explaining the presence of rough isolates in patients with decreased pulmonary functions. Herein, we will discuss how, thanks to the generation of defined GPL mutants and the development of appropriate cellular and animal models to study pathogenesis, GPL contribute to M. abscessus biology and physiopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Victoria Gutiérrez
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier, UMR 9004, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,CNRS, IRD 198, INSERM U1095, APHM, Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée Infection, UMR 7278, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Albertus Viljoen
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier, UMR 9004, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Eric Ghigo
- CNRS, Campus Joseph Aiguier, Marseille, France
| | | | - Laurent Kremer
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier, UMR 9004, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,INSERM, IRIM, Montpellier, France
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Viljoen A, Gutiérrez AV, Dupont C, Ghigo E, Kremer L. A Simple and Rapid Gene Disruption Strategy in Mycobacterium abscessus: On the Design and Application of Glycopeptidolipid Mutants. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2018; 8:69. [PMID: 29594066 PMCID: PMC5861769 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2018.00069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Little is known about the disease-causing genetic determinants that are used by Mycobacterium abscessus, increasingly acknowledged as an important emerging pathogen, notably in cystic fibrosis. The presence or absence of surface exposed glycopeptidolipids (GPL) conditions the smooth (S) or rough (R) M. abscessus subsp. abscessus (M. abscessus) variants, respectively, which are characterized by distinct infective programs. However, only a handful of successful gene knock-out and conditional mutants have been reported in M. abscessus, testifying that genetic manipulation of this mycobacterium is difficult. To facilitate gene disruption and generation of conditional mutants in M. abscessus, we have designed a one-step single cross-over system that allows the rapid and simple generation of such mutants. Cloning of as small as 300 bp of the target gene allows for efficient homologous recombination to occur without additional exogenous recombination-promoting factors. The presence of tdTomato on the plasmids allows easily sifting out the large background of mutants spontaneously resistant to antibiotics. Using this strategy in the S genetic background and the target gene mmpL4a, necessary for GPL synthesis and transport, nearly 100% of red fluorescent clones exhibited a rough morphotype and lost GPL on the surface, suggesting that most red fluorescent colonies obtained after transformation incorporated the plasmid through homologous recombination into the chromosome. This system was further exploited to generate another strain with reduced GPL levels to explore how the presence of these cell wall-associated glycolipids influences M. abscessus hydrophobicity as well as virulence in the zebrafish model of infection. This mutant exhibited a more pronounced killing phenotype in zebrafish embryos compared to its S progenitor and this effect correlated with the production of abscesses in the central nervous system. Overall, these results suggest that the near-complete absence of GPL on the bacterial surface is a necessary condition for optimal pathogenesis of this mycobacterium. They also suggest that GPL content affects hydrophobicity of M. abscessus, potentially altering the aerosol transmission, which is of particular importance from an epidemiological and clinical perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albertus Viljoen
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 9004, Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Ana Victoria Gutiérrez
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 9004, Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Unité de Recherche Microbes, Evolution, Phylogeny and Infection (MEPHI), Institut Hospitalier Universitaire Méditerranée-Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Christian Dupont
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 9004, Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Eric Ghigo
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Marseille, France
| | - Laurent Kremer
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 9004, Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- IRIM, 34293, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Montpellier, France
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Rominski A, Selchow P, Becker K, Brülle JK, Dal Molin M, Sander P. Elucidation of Mycobacterium abscessus aminoglycoside and capreomycin resistance by targeted deletion of three putative resistance genes. J Antimicrob Chemother 2018; 72:2191-2200. [PMID: 28486671 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkx125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Mycobacterium abscessus is innately resistant to a variety of drugs thereby limiting therapeutic options. Bacterial resistance to aminoglycosides (AGs) is conferred mainly by AG-modifying enzymes, which often have overlapping activities. Several putative AG-modifying enzymes are encoded in the genome of M. abscessus . The aim of this study was to investigate the molecular basis underlying AG resistance in M. abscessus . Methods M. abscessus deletion mutants deficient in one of three genes potentially involved in AG resistance, aac(2 ' ) , eis1 and eis2 , were generated by targeted gene inactivation, as were combinatorial double and triple deletion mutants. MICs were determined to study susceptibility to a variety of AG drugs and to capreomycin. Results Deletion of aac(2 ' ) increased susceptibility of M. abscessus to kanamycin B, tobramycin, dibekacin and gentamicin C. Deletion of eis2 increased susceptibility to capreomycin, hygromycin B, amikacin and kanamycin B. Deletion of eis1 did not affect drug susceptibility. Equally low MICs of apramycin, arbekacin, isepamicin and kanamycin A for WT and mutant strains indicate that these drugs are not inactivated by either AAC(2 ' ) or Eis enzymes. Conclusions M. abscessus expresses two distinct AG resistance determinants, AAC(2 ' ) and Eis2, which confer clinically relevant drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Rominski
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Universität Zürich, Gloriastrasse 30/32, 8006 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Petra Selchow
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Universität Zürich, Gloriastrasse 30/32, 8006 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Katja Becker
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Universität Zürich, Gloriastrasse 30/32, 8006 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Juliane K Brülle
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Universität Zürich, Gloriastrasse 30/32, 8006 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Dal Molin
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Universität Zürich, Gloriastrasse 30/32, 8006 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Peter Sander
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Universität Zürich, Gloriastrasse 30/32, 8006 Zürich, Switzerland.,Nationales Zentrum für Mykobakterien, Gloriastrasse 30/32, 8006 Zürich, Switzerland
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36
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Roux AL, Viljoen A, Bah A, Simeone R, Bernut A, Laencina L, Deramaudt T, Rottman M, Gaillard JL, Majlessi L, Brosch R, Girard-Misguich F, Vergne I, de Chastellier C, Kremer L, Herrmann JL. The distinct fate of smooth and rough Mycobacterium abscessus variants inside macrophages. Open Biol 2017; 6:rsob.160185. [PMID: 27906132 PMCID: PMC5133439 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.160185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium abscessus is a pathogenic, rapidly growing mycobacterium responsible for pulmonary and cutaneous infections in immunocompetent patients and in patients with Mendelian disorders, such as cystic fibrosis (CF). Mycobacterium abscessus is known to transition from a smooth (S) morphotype with cell surface-associated glycopeptidolipids (GPL) to a rough (R) morphotype lacking GPL. Herein, we show that M. abscessus S and R variants are able to grow inside macrophages and are present in morphologically distinct phagosomes. The S forms are found mostly as single bacteria within phagosomes characterized by a tightly apposed phagosomal membrane and the presence of an electron translucent zone (ETZ) surrounding the bacilli. By contrast, infection with the R form leads to phagosomes often containing more than two bacilli, surrounded by a loose phagosomal membrane and lacking the ETZ. In contrast to the R variant, the S variant is capable of restricting intraphagosomal acidification and induces less apoptosis and autophagy. Importantly, the membrane of phagosomes enclosing the S forms showed signs of alteration, such as breaks or partial degradation. Although not frequently encountered, these events suggest that the S form is capable of provoking phagosome-cytosol communication. In conclusion, M. abscessus S exhibits traits inside macrophages that are reminiscent of slow-growing mycobacterial species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Laure Roux
- UMR1173, Inserm and UFR Des Sciences de la Santé Simone Veil, Université de Versailles Saint Quentin, Montigny, France
| | - Albertus Viljoen
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique FRE 3689, Centre d'études d'agents Pathogènes et Biotechnologies pour la Santé, Université de Montpellier, 1919, Route de Mende, 34293, Montpellier, France.,Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix-Marseille Université UM 2, Inserm, U1104, CNRS UMR7280, 13288, Marseille, France
| | - Aïcha Bah
- CNRS, Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), UMR 5089 CNRS/Université Paul Sabatier, 205 route de Narbonne, BP 64182, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Roxane Simeone
- Unité de Pathogénomique mycobactérienne, Institut Pasteur, 25 rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, Paris, France
| | - Audrey Bernut
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique FRE 3689, Centre d'études d'agents Pathogènes et Biotechnologies pour la Santé, Université de Montpellier, 1919, Route de Mende, 34293, Montpellier, France
| | - Laura Laencina
- UMR1173, Inserm and UFR Des Sciences de la Santé Simone Veil, Université de Versailles Saint Quentin, Montigny, France
| | - Therese Deramaudt
- UMR1179, Inserm and UFR Des Sciences de la Santé Simone Veil, Université de Versailles Saint Quentin, Montigny, France
| | - Martin Rottman
- UMR1173, Inserm and UFR Des Sciences de la Santé Simone Veil, Université de Versailles Saint Quentin, Montigny, France
| | - Jean-Louis Gaillard
- UMR1173, Inserm and UFR Des Sciences de la Santé Simone Veil, Université de Versailles Saint Quentin, Montigny, France
| | - Laleh Majlessi
- Unité de Pathogénomique mycobactérienne, Institut Pasteur, 25 rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, Paris, France
| | - Roland Brosch
- Unité de Pathogénomique mycobactérienne, Institut Pasteur, 25 rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, Paris, France
| | - Fabienne Girard-Misguich
- UMR1173, Inserm and UFR Des Sciences de la Santé Simone Veil, Université de Versailles Saint Quentin, Montigny, France
| | - Isabelle Vergne
- CNRS, Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), UMR 5089 CNRS/Université Paul Sabatier, 205 route de Narbonne, BP 64182, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Chantal de Chastellier
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix-Marseille Université UM 2, Inserm, U1104, CNRS UMR7280, 13288, Marseille, France
| | - Laurent Kremer
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique FRE 3689, Centre d'études d'agents Pathogènes et Biotechnologies pour la Santé, Université de Montpellier, 1919, Route de Mende, 34293, Montpellier, France .,INSERM, CPBS, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Louis Herrmann
- UMR1173, Inserm and UFR Des Sciences de la Santé Simone Veil, Université de Versailles Saint Quentin, Montigny, France
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Antagonism between Front-Line Antibiotics Clarithromycin and Amikacin in the Treatment of Mycobacterium abscessus Infections Is Mediated by the whiB7 Gene. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2017; 61:AAC.01353-17. [PMID: 28874379 PMCID: PMC5655113 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01353-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Combinations of antibiotics, each individually effective against Mycobacterium abscessus, are routinely coadministered based on the concept that this minimizes the spread of antibiotic resistance. However, our in vitro data contradict this assumption and instead document antagonistic interactions between two antibiotics (clarithromycin and amikacin) used to treat M. abscessus infections. Clinically relevant concentrations of clarithromycin induced increased resistance to both amikacin and itself. The induction of resistance was dependent on whiB7, a transcriptional activator of intrinsic antibiotic resistance that is induced by exposure to many different antibiotics. In M. abscessus, the deletion of whiB7 (MAB_3508c) resulted in increased sensitivity to a broad range of antibiotics. WhiB7 was required for transcriptional activation of genes that confer resistance to three commonly used anti-M. abscessus drugs: clarithromycin, amikacin, and tigecycline. The whiB7-dependent gene that conferred macrolide resistance was identified as erm(41) (MAB_2297), which encodes a ribosomal methyltransferase. The whiB7-dependent gene contributing to amikacin resistance was eis2 (MAB_4532c), which encodes a Gcn5-related N-acetyltransferase (GNAT). Transcription of whiB7 and the resistance genes in its regulon was inducible by subinhibitory concentrations of clarithromycin but not by amikacin. Thus, exposure to clarithromycin, or likely any whiB7-inducing antibiotic, may antagonize the activities of amikacin and other drugs. This has important implications for the management of M. abscessus infections, both in cystic fibrosis (CF) and non-CF patients.
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Mycobacterium abscessus WhiB7 Regulates a Species-Specific Repertoire of Genes To Confer Extreme Antibiotic Resistance. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2017; 61:AAC.01347-17. [PMID: 28874378 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01347-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium abscessus causes acute and chronic bronchopulmonary infection in patients with chronic lung damage, of which cystic fibrosis (CF) patients are particularly vulnerable. The major threat posed by this organism is its high intrinsic antibiotic resistance. A typical treatment regimen involves a 6- to 12-month-long combination therapy of clarithromycin and amikacin, with cure rates below 50% and multiple side effects, especially due to amikacin. In the present work, we show that M. abscessuswhiB7, a homologue of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium smegmatis whiB7 with previously demonstrated effects on intrinsic antibiotic resistance, is strongly induced when exposed to clinically relevant antibiotics that target the ribosome: erythromycin, clarithromycin, amikacin, tetracycline, and spectinomycin. The deletion of M. abscessuswhiB7 results in sensitivity to all of the above-mentioned antibiotics. Further, we have defined and compared the whiB7 regulon of M. abscessus with the closely related nontuberculous mycobacterium (NTM) M. smegmatis to demonstrate the induction of a species-specific repertoire of genes. Finally, we show that one such gene, eis2, is specifically induced in M. abscessus by whiB7 and contributes to its higher levels of intrinsic amikacin resistance. This species-specific pattern of gene induction might account for the differences in drug susceptibilities to other antibiotics and between different mycobacterial species.
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Gregoire SA, Byam J, Pavelka MS. galK-based suicide vector mediated allelic exchange in Mycobacterium abscessus. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2017; 163:1399-1408. [PMID: 28933689 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.000528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium abscessus is a fast-growing environmental organism and an important emerging pathogen. It is highly resistant to many antibiotics and undergoes a smooth to rough colony morphology change that appears to be important for pathogenesis. Smooth environmental strains have a glycopeptidolipid (GPL) on the surface, while certain types of clinical strains are often rough and lack this GPL, due to mutations in biosynthetic genes or the mmpL4b transporter gene. We report here the development and evaluation of an allelic exchange system for unmarked alleles in M. abscessus ATCC19977, using a suicide vector bearing the E. coli galK gene and 2-deoxygalactose counterselection. We describe here two variant galK suicide vectors, and demonstrate their utility in constructing a variety of mutants with deletion alleles of the mmpL4b GPL transporter gene, the mbtH GPL biosynthesis gene, the known β-lactamase gene MAB_2875 and a putative β-lactamase gene, MAB_2833. We also show that a novel allele of the E. coli aacC4 gene, conferring apramycin resistance (aacC41), can be used as a selectable marker in M. abscessus ATCC19977 at single copy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacy A Gregoire
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Joel Byam
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Martin S Pavelka
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
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Viljoen A, Dubois V, Girard-Misguich F, Blaise M, Herrmann JL, Kremer L. The diverse family of MmpL transporters in mycobacteria: from regulation to antimicrobial developments. Mol Microbiol 2017; 104:889-904. [DOI: 10.1111/mmi.13675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Albertus Viljoen
- Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM); CNRS, UMR 9004, Université de Montpellier, France
| | - Violaine Dubois
- INSERM, UMR1173; Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines; Montigny-le-Bretonneux 78180 France
| | - Fabienne Girard-Misguich
- INSERM, UMR1173; Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines; Montigny-le-Bretonneux 78180 France
| | - Mickaël Blaise
- Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM); CNRS, UMR 9004, Université de Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Louis Herrmann
- INSERM, UMR1173; Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines; Montigny-le-Bretonneux 78180 France
| | - Laurent Kremer
- Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM); CNRS, UMR 9004, Université de Montpellier, France
- IRIM; INSERM; 34293 Montpellier France
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Fluorescent Reporter DS6A Mycobacteriophages Reveal Unique Variations in Infectibility and Phage Production in Mycobacteria. J Bacteriol 2016; 198:3220-3232. [PMID: 27672191 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00592-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacteriophage DS6A is unique among the more than 8,000 isolated mycobacteriophages due to its ability to form plaques exclusively on mycobacteria belonging to the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC). Speculation surrounding this specificity has led to unsupported assertions in published studies and patents that nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are wholly resistant to DS6A infection. In this study, we identified two independent nonessential regions in the DS6A genome and replaced them with an mVenus-expressing plasmid to generate fluorescent reporter phages Φ2GFP12 and Φ2GFP13. We show that even though DS6A is able to form plaques only on MTBC bacteria, infection of various NTM results in mVenus expression in transduced cells. The efficiency of DS6A in delivering DNA varied between NTM species. Additionally, we saw a striking difference in the efficiency of DNA delivery between the closely related members of the Mycobacterium abscessus complex, M. abscessus and Mycobacterium massiliense We also demonstrated that TM4 and DS6A, two phages that do not form plaques on M. massiliense, differ in their ability to deliver DNA, suggesting that there is a phage-specific restriction between mycobacterial species. Phylogenetic analysis reveals that the DS6A genome has a characteristically mosaic structure but provided few insights into the basis for the specificity for MTBC hosts. This study demonstrates that the inability of the MTBC-specific phage DS6A to form plaques on NTM is more complex than previously thought. Moreover, the DS6A-derived fluorophages provide important new tools for the study of mycobacterial biology. IMPORTANCE The coevolution of bacteria and their infecting phages involves a constant arms race for bacteria to prevent phage infection and phage to overcome these preventions. Although a diverse array of phage defense systems is well characterized in bacteria, very few phage restriction systems are known in mycobacteria. The DS6A mycobacteriophage is unique in the mycobacterial world in that it forms plaques only on members of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. However, the novel DS6A reporter phages developed in this work demonstrate that DS6A can infect nontuberculous mycobacteria at various efficiencies. By comparing the abilities of DS6A and another phage, TM4, to infect and form plaques on various mycobacterial species, we can begin to discern new phage restriction systems employed within the genus.
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Bernut A, Nguyen-Chi M, Halloum I, Herrmann JL, Lutfalla G, Kremer L. Mycobacterium abscessus-Induced Granuloma Formation Is Strictly Dependent on TNF Signaling and Neutrophil Trafficking. PLoS Pathog 2016; 12:e1005986. [PMID: 27806130 PMCID: PMC5091842 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium abscessus is considered the most common respiratory pathogen among the rapidly growing non-tuberculous mycobacteria. Infections with M. abscessus are increasingly found in patients with chronic lung diseases, especially cystic fibrosis, and are often refractory to antibiotic therapy. M. abscessus has two morphotypes with distinct effects on host cells and biological responses. The smooth (S) variant is recognized as the initial airway colonizer while the rough (R) is known to be a potent inflammatory inducer associated with invasive disease, but the underlying immunopathological mechanisms of the infection remain unsolved. We conducted a comparative stepwise dissection of the inflammatory response in S and R pathogenesis by monitoring infected transparent zebrafish embryos. Loss of TNFR1 function resulted in increased mortality with both variants, and was associated with unrestricted intramacrophage bacterial growth and decreased bactericidal activity. The use of transgenic zebrafish lines harboring fluorescent macrophages and neutrophils revealed that neutrophils, like macrophages, interact with M. abscessus at the initial infection sites. Impaired TNF signaling disrupted the IL8-dependent neutrophil mobilization, and the defect in neutrophil trafficking led to the formation of aberrant granulomas, extensive mycobacterial cording, unrestricted bacterial growth and subsequent larval death. Our findings emphasize the central role of neutrophils for the establishment and maintenance of the protective M. abscessus granulomas. These results also suggest that the TNF/IL8 inflammatory axis is necessary for protective immunity against M. abscessus and may be of clinical relevance to explain why immunosuppressive TNF therapy leads to the exacerbation of M. abscessus infections. The incidence of non-tuberculous mycobacterial infections has recently increased and has even surpassed tuberculosis as a public health concern in many developed countries. These infections require long treatment regimens that are often unsuccessful. Among these, Mycobacterium abscessus has emerged as perhaps the most difficult-to-manage pathogen, especially in cystic fibrosis patients. Unfortunately, very little is known regarding the contributions of the pro-inflammatory and innate immune responses during M. abscessus infection. Here, we exploited the transparency of zebrafish embryos to study, at high resolution, the interactions of M. abscessus with macrophages and neutrophils, and found that both cell types are required to control the infection. We also describe the dramatic consequences of impaired TNF/IL8 immunity on the outcome of the infection. Most importantly, by tracking the dynamics of neutrophil mobilization, we demonstrated the crucial role of these cells in the formation and integrity of protective granulomas. Together, our data provide a significant advance in deciphering the immunopathology of M. abscessus infection, which is particularly relevant for understanding the exquisite vulnerability of cystic fibrosis patients to this bacterium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Bernut
- Centre d’études d’agents Pathogènes et Biotechnologies pour la Santé, FR3689, CNRS, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Iman Halloum
- Centre d’études d’agents Pathogènes et Biotechnologies pour la Santé, FR3689, CNRS, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Louis Herrmann
- UMR1173, INSERM, Université de Versailles St Quentin, Montigny le Bretonneux, France
| | | | - Laurent Kremer
- Centre d’études d’agents Pathogènes et Biotechnologies pour la Santé, FR3689, CNRS, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- INSERM, CPBS, Montpellier, France
- * E-mail:
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MgtC as a Host-Induced Factor and Vaccine Candidate against Mycobacterium abscessus Infection. Infect Immun 2016; 84:2895-903. [PMID: 27481243 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00359-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium abscessus is an emerging pathogenic mycobacterium involved in pulmonary and mucocutaneous infections, presenting a serious threat for patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). The lack of an efficient treatment regimen and the emergence of multidrug resistance in clinical isolates require the development of new therapeutic strategies against this pathogen. Reverse genetics has revealed genes that are present in M. abscessus but absent from saprophytic mycobacteria and that are potentially involved in pathogenicity. Among them, MAB_3593 encodes MgtC, a known virulence factor involved in intramacrophage survival and adaptation to Mg(2+) deprivation in several major bacterial pathogens. Here, we demonstrated a strong induction of M. abscessus MgtC at both the transcriptional and translational levels when bacteria reside inside macrophages or upon Mg(2+) deprivation. Moreover, we showed that M. abscessus MgtC was recognized by sera from M. abscessus-infected CF patients. The intramacrophage growth (J774 or THP1 cells) of a M. abscessus knockout mgtC mutant was, however, not significantly impeded. Importantly, our results indicated that inhibition of MgtC in vivo through immunization with M. abscessus mgtC DNA, formulated with a tetrafunctional amphiphilic block copolymer, exerted a protective effect against an aerosolized M. abscessus challenge in CF (ΔF508 FVB) mice. The formulated DNA immunization was likely associated with the production of specific MgtC antibodies, which may stimulate a protective effect by counteracting MgtC activity during M. abscessus infection. These results emphasize the importance of M. abscessus MgtC in vivo and provide a basis for the development of novel therapeutic tools against pulmonary M. abscessus infections in CF patients.
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Viljoen A, Blaise M, de Chastellier C, Kremer L. MAB_3551c encodes the primary triacylglycerol synthase involved in lipid accumulation in Mycobacterium abscessus. Mol Microbiol 2016; 102:611-627. [PMID: 27513974 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.13482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Slow growing pathogenic mycobacteria utilize host-derived lipids and accumulate large amounts of triacylglycerol (TAG) in the form of intracytoplasmic lipid inclusions (ILI), serving as a source of carbon and energy during prolonged infection. Mycobacterium abscessus is an emerging and rapidly growing species capable to induce severe and chronic pulmonary infections. However, whether M. abscessus, like Mycobacterium tuberculosis, possesses the machinery to acquire and store host lipids, remains unaddressed. Herein, we aimed at deciphering the contribution of the seven putative M. abscessus TAG synthases (Tgs) in TAG synthesis/accumulation thanks to a combination of genetic and biochemical techniques and a well-defined foamy macrophage (FM) model along with electron microscopy. Targeted gene deletion and functional complementation studies identified the MAB_3551c product, Tgs1, as the major Tgs involved in TAG production. Tgs1 exhibits a preference for long acyl-CoA substrates and site-directed mutagenesis demonstrated that His144 and Gln145 are essential for enzymatic activity. Importantly, in the lipid-rich intracellular context of FM, M. abscessus formed large ILI in a Tgs1-dependent manner. This supports the ability of M. abscessus to assimilate host lipids and the crucial role of Tgs1 in intramycobacterial TAG production, which may represent important mechanisms for long-term storage of a rich energy supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albertus Viljoen
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique FRE3689, Centre d'études d'agents Pathogènes et Biotechnologies pour la Santé, Université de Montpellier, 1919 route de Mende, Montpellier, 34293, France.,Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Université UM2, Inserm, U1104, CNRS UMR7280, Marseille, 13288, France
| | - Mickael Blaise
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique FRE3689, Centre d'études d'agents Pathogènes et Biotechnologies pour la Santé, Université de Montpellier, 1919 route de Mende, Montpellier, 34293, France
| | - Chantal de Chastellier
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Université UM2, Inserm, U1104, CNRS UMR7280, Marseille, 13288, France
| | - Laurent Kremer
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique FRE3689, Centre d'études d'agents Pathogènes et Biotechnologies pour la Santé, Université de Montpellier, 1919 route de Mende, Montpellier, 34293, France.,INSERM, CPBS, Montpellier, 34293, France
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Chalut C. MmpL transporter-mediated export of cell-wall associated lipids and siderophores in mycobacteria. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2016; 100:32-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2016.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Deletion of a dehydratase important for intracellular growth and cording renders rough Mycobacterium abscessus avirulent. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:E4228-37. [PMID: 27385830 PMCID: PMC4961194 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1605477113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium abscessus (Mabs) is a rapidly growing Mycobacterium and an emerging pathogen in humans. Transitioning from a smooth (S) high-glycopeptidolipid (GPL) producer to a rough (R) low-GPL producer is associated with increased virulence in zebrafish, which involves the formation of massive serpentine cords, abscesses, and rapid larval death. Generating a cord-deficient Mabs mutant would allow us to address the contribution of cording in the physiopathological signs of the R variant. Herein, a deletion mutant of MAB_4780, encoding a dehydratase, distinct from the β-hydroxyacyl-ACP dehydratase HadABC complex, was constructed in the R morphotype. This mutant exhibited an alteration of the mycolic acid composition and a pronounced defect in cording. This correlated with an extremely attenuated phenotype not only in wild-type but also in immunocompromised zebrafish embryos lacking either macrophages or neutrophils. The abolition of granuloma formation in embryos infected with the dehydratase mutant was associated with a failure to replicate in macrophages, presumably due to limited inhibition of the phagolysosomal fusion. Overall, these results indicate that MAB_4780 is required for Mabs to successfully establish acute and lethal infections. Therefore, targeting MAB_4780 may represent an attractive antivirulence strategy to control Mabs infections, refractory to most standard chemotherapeutic interventions. The combination of a dehydratase assay with a high-resolution crystal structure of MAB_4780 opens the way to identify such specific inhibitors.
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Bernut A, Viljoen A, Dupont C, Sapriel G, Blaise M, Bouchier C, Brosch R, de Chastellier C, Herrmann JL, Kremer L. Insights into the smooth-to-rough transitioning inMycobacterium bolletiiunravels a functional Tyr residue conserved in all mycobacterial MmpL family members. Mol Microbiol 2015; 99:866-83. [DOI: 10.1111/mmi.13283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Bernut
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique FRE3689; Centre d'études d'agents Pathogènes et Biotechnologies pour la Santé; Université de Montpellier; 1919 route de Mende 34293 Montpellier France
| | - Albertus Viljoen
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique FRE3689; Centre d'études d'agents Pathogènes et Biotechnologies pour la Santé; Université de Montpellier; 1919 route de Mende 34293 Montpellier France
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix-Marseille Université UM2, Inserm, U1104, CNRS UMR7280; 13288 Marseille France
| | - Christian Dupont
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique FRE3689; Centre d'études d'agents Pathogènes et Biotechnologies pour la Santé; Université de Montpellier; 1919 route de Mende 34293 Montpellier France
| | - Guillaume Sapriel
- UMR1173; INSERM; Université de Versailles St Quentin; 2 avenue de la Source de la Bièvre 78180 Montigny le Bretonneux France
| | - Mickaël Blaise
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique FRE3689; Centre d'études d'agents Pathogènes et Biotechnologies pour la Santé; Université de Montpellier; 1919 route de Mende 34293 Montpellier France
| | | | - Roland Brosch
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Pathogénomique Mycobactérienne Intégrée; 25 rue du Dr. Roux 75724 Paris France
| | - Chantal de Chastellier
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix-Marseille Université UM2, Inserm, U1104, CNRS UMR7280; 13288 Marseille France
| | - Jean-Louis Herrmann
- UMR1173; INSERM; Université de Versailles St Quentin; 2 avenue de la Source de la Bièvre 78180 Montigny le Bretonneux France
| | - Laurent Kremer
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique FRE3689; Centre d'études d'agents Pathogènes et Biotechnologies pour la Santé; Université de Montpellier; 1919 route de Mende 34293 Montpellier France
- INSERM; CPBS; 34293 Montpellier France
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Maurer FP, Bruderer VL, Castelberg C, Ritter C, Scherbakov D, Bloemberg GV, Böttger EC. Aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes determine the innate susceptibility to aminoglycoside antibiotics in rapidly growing mycobacteria. J Antimicrob Chemother 2015; 70:1412-9. [PMID: 25604746 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dku550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Infections caused by the rapidly growing mycobacterium (RGM) Mycobacterium abscessus are notoriously difficult to treat due to the innate resistance of M. abscessus to most clinically available antimicrobials. Aminoglycoside antibiotics (AGA) are a cornerstone of antimicrobial chemotherapy against M. abscessus infections, although little is known about intrinsic drug resistance mechanisms. We investigated the role of chromosomally encoded putative aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes (AME) in AGA susceptibility in M. abscessus. METHODS Clinical isolates of M. abscessus were tested for susceptibility to a series of AGA with different substituents at positions 2', 3' and 4' of ring 1 in MIC assays. Cell-free extracts of M. abscessus type strain ATCC 19977 and Mycobacterium smegmatis strains SZ380 [aac(2')-Id(+)], EP10 [aac(2')-Id(-)] and SZ461 [aac(2')-Id(+), rrs A1408G] were investigated for AGA acetylation activity using thin-layer chromatography (TLC). Cell-free ribosome translation assays were performed to directly study drug-target interaction. RESULTS Cell-free translation assays demonstrated that ribosomes of M. abscessus and M. smegmatis show comparable susceptibility to all tested AGA. MIC assays for M. abscessus and M. smegmatis, however, consistently showed the lowest MIC values for 2'-hydroxy-AGA as compared with 2'-amino-AGA, indicating that an aminoglycoside-2'-acetyltransferase, Aac(2'), contributes to innate AGA susceptibility. TLC experiments confirmed enzymatic activity consistent with Aac(2'). Using M. smegmatis as a model for RGM, acetyltransferase activity was shown to be up-regulated in response to AGA-induced inhibition of protein synthesis. CONCLUSIONS Our findings point to AME as important determinants of AGA susceptibility in M. abscessus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian P Maurer
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland Nationales Zentrum für Mykobakterien, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Vera L Bruderer
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Claudio Castelberg
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Ritter
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland Nationales Zentrum für Mykobakterien, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Dimitri Scherbakov
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Guido V Bloemberg
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Erik C Böttger
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland Nationales Zentrum für Mykobakterien, Zürich, Switzerland
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Dubée V, Bernut A, Cortes M, Lesne T, Dorchene D, Lefebvre AL, Hugonnet JE, Gutmann L, Mainardi JL, Herrmann JL, Gaillard JL, Kremer L, Arthur M. β-Lactamase inhibition by avibactam in Mycobacterium abscessus. J Antimicrob Chemother 2014; 70:1051-8. [PMID: 25525201 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dku510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Two β-lactams, cefoxitin and imipenem, are part of the reference treatment for pulmonary infections with Mycobacterium abscessus. M. abscessus has recently been shown to produce a broad-spectrum β-lactamase, BlaMab, indicating that the combination of β-lactams with a BlaMab inhibitor may improve treatment efficacy. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the impact of BlaMab production on the efficacy of β-lactams in vitro and to assess the benefit of BlaMab inhibition on the activity of β-lactams intracellularly and in an animal model. METHODS We analysed the mechanism and kinetics of BlaMab inactivation by avibactam, a non-β-lactam β-lactamase inhibitor currently in Phase III of development, in combination with ceftazidime for the treatment of serious infections due to Gram-negative bacteria. We then deleted the gene encoding BlaMab to assess the extent of BlaMab inhibition by avibactam based on a comparison of the impact of chemical and genetic inactivation. Finally, the efficacy of amoxicillin in combination with avibactam was evaluated in cultured human macrophages and in a zebrafish model of M. abscessus infection. RESULTS We showed that avibactam efficiently inactivated BlaMab via the reversible formation of a covalent adduct. An inhibition of BlaMab by avibactam was observed in both infected macrophages and zebrafish. CONCLUSIONS Our data identify avibactam as the first efficient inhibitor of BlaMab and strongly suggest that β-lactamase inhibition should be evaluated to provide improved therapeutic options for M. abscessus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Dubée
- INSERM, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, F-75006, Paris, France Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, F-75006 Paris, France Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Audrey Bernut
- Laboratoire de Dynamique des Interactions Membranaires Normales et Pathologiques, Université de Montpellier 2 et 1, CNRS, UMR 5235, Montpellier, France INSERM, DIMNP, Montpellier, France
| | - Mélanie Cortes
- INSERM, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, F-75006, Paris, France Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, F-75006 Paris, France Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Tiffany Lesne
- Laboratoire de Dynamique des Interactions Membranaires Normales et Pathologiques, Université de Montpellier 2 et 1, CNRS, UMR 5235, Montpellier, France INSERM, DIMNP, Montpellier, France
| | - Delphine Dorchene
- INSERM, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, F-75006, Paris, France Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, F-75006 Paris, France Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Anne-Laure Lefebvre
- INSERM, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, F-75006, Paris, France Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, F-75006 Paris, France Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Jean-Emmanuel Hugonnet
- INSERM, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, F-75006, Paris, France Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, F-75006 Paris, France Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Laurent Gutmann
- INSERM, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, F-75006, Paris, France Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, F-75006 Paris, France Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, F-75006 Paris, France Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Service de Microbiologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Luc Mainardi
- INSERM, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, F-75006, Paris, France Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, F-75006 Paris, France Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, F-75006 Paris, France Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Service de Microbiologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Louis Herrmann
- EA3647 - EPIM, Université de Versailles St-Quentin-en-Yvelines et UFR des Sciences de la Santé, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Service de Microbiologie, Hôpital Raymond Poincaré, Garches, France
| | - Jean-Louis Gaillard
- EA3647 - EPIM, Université de Versailles St-Quentin-en-Yvelines et UFR des Sciences de la Santé, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Service de Microbiologie, Hôpital Raymond Poincaré, Garches, France
| | - Laurent Kremer
- Laboratoire de Dynamique des Interactions Membranaires Normales et Pathologiques, Université de Montpellier 2 et 1, CNRS, UMR 5235, Montpellier, France INSERM, DIMNP, Montpellier, France
| | - Michel Arthur
- INSERM, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, F-75006, Paris, France Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, F-75006 Paris, France Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, F-75006 Paris, France
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Mycobacterium abscessus phospholipase C expression is induced during coculture within amoebae and enhances M. abscessus virulence in mice. Infect Immun 2014; 83:780-91. [PMID: 25486995 DOI: 10.1128/iai.02032-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium abscessus is a pathogenic, rapidly growing mycobacterium involved in pulmonary and cutaneo-mucous infections worldwide, to which cystic fibrosis patients are exquisitely susceptible. The analysis of the genome sequence of M. abscessus showed that this bacterium is endowed with the metabolic pathways typically found in environmental microorganisms that come into contact with soil, plants, and aquatic environments, where free-living amoebae are frequently present. M. abscessus also contains several genes that are characteristically found only in pathogenic bacteria. One of them is MAB_0555, encoding a putative phospholipase C (PLC) that is absent from most other rapidly growing mycobacteria, including Mycobacterium chelonae and Mycobacterium smegmatis. Here, we report that purified recombinant M. abscessus PLC is highly cytotoxic to mouse macrophages, presumably due to hydrolysis of membrane phospholipids. We further showed by constructing and using an M. abscessus PLC knockout mutant that loss of PLC activity is deleterious to M. abscessus intracellular survival in amoebae. The importance of PLC is further supported by the fact that M. abscessus PLC was found to be expressed only in amoebae. Aerosol challenge of mice with M. abscessus strains that were precultured in amoebae enhanced M. abscessus lung infectivity relative to M. abscessus grown in broth culture. Our study underlines the importance of PLC for the virulence of M. abscessus. Despite the difficulties of isolating M. abscessus from environmental sources, our findings suggest that M. abscessus has evolved in close contact with environmental protozoa, which supports the argument that amoebae may contribute to the virulence of opportunistic mycobacteria.
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