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Yang C, Zhen Y, Hou J, Mi T. Development of a Rapid Detection Method to Prorocentrum lima by Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification with Hydroxy Naphthol Blue. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2024; 26:475-487. [PMID: 38602600 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-024-10310-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Prorocentrum lima, a widely distributed dinoflagellate known for its production of harmful biotoxins, poses a significant threat to humans, aquaculture, and marine ecosystems. As a result, the detection of this toxic alga in coastal waters has become an urgent research focus. In this study, a rapid, sensitive, and cost-effective detection method based on loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) was developed to identify P. lima. In this method, cell extracts of P. lima were diluted and used directly as templates for amplification, eliminating the need for nucleic acid purification and simplifying the detection process. Hydroxy naphthol blue (HNB) was incorporated into the reaction mix to facilitate result interpretation, enabling visual determination of the amplification outcome with the naked eye. The entire detection process, from DNA extraction to template amplification and product detection, could be completed within 80 min using a simple constant temperature-control device. This LAMP-based detection method demonstrated excellent reliability, specificity, and a low detection limit of 5.87 cells/mL for DNA crude extract. The assay offered an efficient alternative to PCR for rapid detection of P. lima. By streamlining the detection process and offering a visual readout, this technique holds promise for efficient and routine monitoring of harmful algal species, benefitting both research efforts and environmental management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Yu Zhen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education, Qingdao, 266100, China.
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266237, China.
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China.
| | - Jialin Hou
- Weifang Bangmao Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Weifang, 261000, China
| | - Tiezhu Mi
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education, Qingdao, 266100, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266237, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
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2
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Ruvindy R, Ajani PA, Ashlin S, Hallegraeff G, Klemm K, Bolch CJ, Ugalde S, Van Asten M, Woodcock S, Tesoriero M, Murray SA. An On-Farm Workflow for Predictive Management of Paralytic Shellfish Toxin-Producing Harmful Algal Blooms for the Aquaculture Industry. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:6924-6933. [PMID: 38608723 PMCID: PMC11044886 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c10502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs) produced by marine dinoflagellates significantly impact shellfish industries worldwide. Early detection on-farm and with minimal training would allow additional time for management decisions to minimize economic losses. Here, we describe and test a standardized workflow based on the detection of sxtA4, an initial gene in the biosynthesis of PSTs. The workflow is simple and inexpensive and does not require a specialized laboratory. It consists of (1) water collection and filtration using a custom gravity sampler, (2) buffer selection for sample preservation and cell lysis for DNA, and (3) an assay based on a region of sxtA, DinoDtec lyophilized quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay. Water samples spiked with Alexandrium catenella showed a cell recovery of >90% when compared to light microscopy counts. The performance of the lysis method (90.3% efficient), Longmire's buffer, and the DinoDtec qPCR assay (tested across a range of Alexandrium species (90.7-106.9% efficiency; r2 > 0.99)) was found to be specific, sensitive, and efficient. We tested the application of this workflow weekly from May 2016 to 30th October 2017 to compare the relationship between sxtA4 copies L-1 in seawater and PSTs in mussel tissue (Mytilus galloprovincialis) on-farm and spatially (across multiple sites), effectively demonstrating an ∼2 week early warning of two A. catenella HABs (r = 0.95). Our tool provides an early, accurate, and efficient method for the identification of PST risk in shellfish aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rendy Ruvindy
- School
of Life Sciences, University of Technology
Sydney, Ultimo 2007, Australia
| | - Penelope A. Ajani
- School
of Life Sciences, University of Technology
Sydney, Ultimo 2007, Australia
| | | | - Gustaaf Hallegraeff
- Institute
for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University
of Tasmania, Hobart 7004, Australia
| | - Kerstin Klemm
- Alfred
Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Christopher J. Bolch
- Institute
for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University
of Tasmania, Hobart 7004, Australia
| | - Sarah Ugalde
- Institute
for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University
of Tasmania, Hobart 7004, Australia
- Centre
for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Hobart 7004, Australia
| | - Mark Van Asten
- Diagnostic
Technology, Belrose 2085, Australia
- School
of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Stephen Woodcock
- School
of Life Sciences, University of Technology
Sydney, Ultimo 2007, Australia
| | - Matthew Tesoriero
- School
of Life Sciences, University of Technology
Sydney, Ultimo 2007, Australia
| | - Shauna A. Murray
- School
of Life Sciences, University of Technology
Sydney, Ultimo 2007, Australia
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3
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Yao Y, Luo N, Zong Y, Jia M, Rao Y, Huang H, Jiang H. Recombinase Polymerase Amplification Combined with Lateral Flow Dipstick Assay for the Rapid and Sensitive Detection of Pseudo-nitzschia multiseries. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1350. [PMID: 38279350 PMCID: PMC10816074 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The harmful algal bloom (HAB) species Pseudo-nitzschia multiseries is widely distributed worldwide and is known to produce the neurotoxin domoic acid, which harms marine wildlife and humans. Early detection and preventative measures are more critical than late management. However, the major challenge related to early detection is the accurate and sensitive detection of microalgae present in low abundance. Therefore, developing a sensitive and specific method that can rapidly detect P. multiseries is critical for expediting the monitoring and prediction of HABs. In this study, a novel assay method, recombinase polymerase amplification combined with lateral flow dipstick (RPA-LFD), is first developed for the detection of P. multiseries. To obtain the best test results, several important factors that affected the amplification effect were optimized. The internal transcribed spacer sequence of the nuclear ribosomal DNA from P. multiseries was selected as the target region. The results showed that the optimal amplification temperature and time for the recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) of P. multiseries were 37 °C and 15 min. The RPA products could be visualized directly using the lateral flow dipstick after only 3 min. The RPA-LFD assay sensitivity for detection of recombinant plasmid DNA (1.9 × 100 pg/μL) was 100 times more sensitive than that of RPA, and the RPA-LFD assay sensitivity for detection of genomic DNA (2.0 × 102 pg/μL) was 10 times more sensitive than that of RPA. Its feasibility in the detection of environmental samples was also verified. In conclusion, these results indicated that the RPA-LFD detection of P. multiseries that was established in this study has high efficiency, sensitivity, specificity, and practicability. Management measures made based on information gained from early detection methods may be able to prevent certain blooms. The use of a highly sensitive approach for early warning detection of P. multiseries is essential to alleviate the harmful impacts of HABs on the environment, aquaculture, and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Yao
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (Y.Y.); (N.L.); (Y.Z.); (M.J.); (Y.R.)
| | - Ningjian Luo
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (Y.Y.); (N.L.); (Y.Z.); (M.J.); (Y.R.)
| | - Yujie Zong
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (Y.Y.); (N.L.); (Y.Z.); (M.J.); (Y.R.)
| | - Meng Jia
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (Y.Y.); (N.L.); (Y.Z.); (M.J.); (Y.R.)
| | - Yichen Rao
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (Y.Y.); (N.L.); (Y.Z.); (M.J.); (Y.R.)
| | - Hailong Huang
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (Y.Y.); (N.L.); (Y.Z.); (M.J.); (Y.R.)
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519080, China
| | - Haibo Jiang
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (Y.Y.); (N.L.); (Y.Z.); (M.J.); (Y.R.)
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519080, China
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4
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Cembella A, Klemm K, John U, Karlson B, Arneborg L, Clarke D, Yamanaka T, Cusack C, Naustvoll L, Bresnan E, Šupraha L, Lundholm N. Emerging phylogeographic perspective on the toxigenic diatom genus Pseudo-nitzschia in coastal northern European waters and gateways to eastern Arctic seas: Causes, ecological consequences and socio-economic impacts. HARMFUL ALGAE 2023; 129:102496. [PMID: 37951606 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2023.102496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
The diatom Pseudo-nitzschia H. Peragallo is perhaps the most intensively researched genus of marine pennate diatoms, with respect to species diversity, life history strategies, toxigenicity, and biogeographical distribution. The global magnitude and consequences of harmful algal blooms (HABs) of Pseudo-nitzschia are particularly significant because of the high socioeconomic impacts and environmental and human health risks associated with the production of the neurotoxin domoic acid (DA) among populations of many (although not all) species. This has led to enhanced monitoring and mitigation strategies for toxigenic Pseudo-nitzschia blooms and their toxins in recent years. Nevertheless, human adaptive actions based on future scenarios of bloom dynamics and proposed shifts in biogeographical distribution under climate-change regimes have not been implemented on a regional scale. In the CoCliME (Co-development of climate services for adaptation to changing marine ecosystems) program these issues were addressed with respect to past, current and anticipated future status of key HAB genera such as Pseudo-nitzschia and expected benefits of enhanced monitoring. Data on the distribution and frequency of Pseudo-nitzschia blooms in relation to DA occurrence and associated amnesic shellfish toxin (AST) events were evaluated in a contemporary and historical context over the past several decades from key northern CoCliME Case Study areas. The regional studies comprised the greater North Sea and adjacent Kattegat-Skagerrak and Norwegian Sea, eastern North Atlantic marginal seas and Arctic gateways, and the Baltic Sea. The first evidence of possible biogeographical expansion of Pseudo-nitzschia taxa into frontier eastern Arctic gateways was provided from DNA barcoding signatures. Key climate change indicators, such as salinity, temperature, and water-column stratification were identified as drivers of upwelling and advection related to the distribution of regional Pseudo-nitzschia blooms. The possible influence of changing variables on bloom dynamics, magnitude, frequency and spatial and temporal distribution were interpreted in the context of regional ocean climate models. These climate change indicators may play key roles in selecting for the occurrence and diversity of Pseudo-nitzschia species within the broader microeukaryote communities. Shifts to higher temperature and lower salinity regimes predicted for the southern North Sea indicate the potential for high-magnitude Pseudo-nitzschia blooms, currently absent from this area. Ecological and socioeconomic impacts of Pseudo-nitzschia blooms are evaluated with reference to effects on fisheries and mariculture resources and coastal ecosystem function. Where feasible, effective adaptation strategies are proposed herein as emerging climate services for the northern CoCLiME region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan Cembella
- Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Alfred Wegener Institute, Am Handelshafen 12, Bremerhaven 27570, Germany; Departamento de Biotecnología Marina, Centro de Investigación Científica y Educación Superior de Ensenada, Carr. Tijuana-Ensenada 3918, Zona Playitas, Ensenada, Baja California 22860, Mexico
| | - Kerstin Klemm
- Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Alfred Wegener Institute, Am Handelshafen 12, Bremerhaven 27570, Germany; Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity at the University of Oldenburg (HIFMB), Ammerländer Heerstraße 231, Oldenburg 26129, Germany
| | - Uwe John
- Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Alfred Wegener Institute, Am Handelshafen 12, Bremerhaven 27570, Germany; Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity at the University of Oldenburg (HIFMB), Ammerländer Heerstraße 231, Oldenburg 26129, Germany.
| | - Bengt Karlson
- Research and Development, Oceanography, Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute, Sven Källfelts gata 15, Västra SE-426 71, Frölunda, Sweden
| | - Lars Arneborg
- Research and Development, Oceanography, Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute, Sven Källfelts gata 15, Västra SE-426 71, Frölunda, Sweden
| | - Dave Clarke
- Marine Institute, Rinville, Oranmore, Co. Galway H91 R673, Ireland
| | - Tsuyuko Yamanaka
- Marine Institute, Rinville, Oranmore, Co. Galway H91 R673, Ireland
| | - Caroline Cusack
- Marine Institute, Rinville, Oranmore, Co. Galway H91 R673, Ireland
| | - Lars Naustvoll
- Institute of Marine Research, PO Box 1870 Nordnes, Bergen NO-5817, Norway
| | - Eileen Bresnan
- Marine Directorate of the Scottish Government, Science, Evidence, Digital and Data, 375 Victoria Rd, Aberdeen AB11 9DB, UK
| | - Luka Šupraha
- Section for Aquatic Biology and Toxicology, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1066 Blindern, Oslo 0316, Norway
| | - Nina Lundholm
- Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, Copenhagen K 1353, Denmark
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5
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Ferrari M, Barra L, Ruffolo L, Muto A, Galasso C, Percopo I, Greco S, Cozza R. Identification of Pseudo-nitzschia Cryptic Species Collected in the Gulf of Naples Using Whole-Cell Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization: From Cultured Sample to Field Test. DIVERSITY 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/d15040521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
The planktonic diatom genus Pseudo-nitzschia contains several genetically closely related species that can produce domoic acid, a potent neurotoxin known to cause amnesic shellfish poisoning (ASP). An early identification and an adequate monitoring of the potential toxic Pseudo-nitzschia spp. are necessary. However, effective monitoring programs are time consuming due, in some cases, to the cell morphology similarities among species, determined with light microscopy, that can result in insufficient data to give a definitive species and toxins attribution. In this paper, Whole-Cell Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization (WC-FISH) has been evaluated as a powerful tool to detect and enumerate harmful cryptic and/or pseudo-cryptic Pseudo-nitzschia spp. collected in the Gulf of Naples. Fluorescently labelled probes directed against the ribosomal RNA (rRNA) of the 28S large subunit (LSU) were used. In particular, five probes detecting four cryptic species of Pseudo-nitzschia delicatissima complex and one specific for Pseudo-nitzschia multistriata gave good results for the molecular identification of potentially toxic target species in natural samples. Finally, we can state that the WC-FISH method, to identify Pseudo-nitzschia species, is faster and more cost-effective if compared with other rDNA-based methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Ferrari
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Science, University of Calabria, Ponte P. Bucci, Arcavacata di Rende, 87036 Cosenza, Italy
| | - Lucia Barra
- Department of Ecosustainable Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, C. da Torre Spaccata, 87071 Amendolara, Italy
| | - Luisa Ruffolo
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Science, University of Calabria, Ponte P. Bucci, Arcavacata di Rende, 87036 Cosenza, Italy
| | - Antonella Muto
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Science, University of Calabria, Ponte P. Bucci, Arcavacata di Rende, 87036 Cosenza, Italy
| | - Christian Galasso
- Department of Ecosustainable Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, C. da Torre Spaccata, 87071 Amendolara, Italy
| | - Isabella Percopo
- Research Infrastructures for Marine Biological Resources Department, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy
| | - Silvestro Greco
- Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, C. da Torre Spaccata, 87071 Amendolara, Italy
| | - Radiana Cozza
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Science, University of Calabria, Ponte P. Bucci, Arcavacata di Rende, 87036 Cosenza, Italy
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6
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Ajani PA, Henriquez-Nunez HF, Verma A, Nagai S, Uchida H, Tesoriero MJ, Farrell H, Zammit A, Brett S, Murray SA. Mapping the development of a Dinophysis bloom in a shellfish aquaculture area using a novel molecular qPCR assay. HARMFUL ALGAE 2022; 116:102253. [PMID: 35710205 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2022.102253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Diarrhetic shellfish toxins produced by certain species of the marine dinoflagellate Dinophysis can accumulate in shellfish in high concentrations, representing a significant food safety issue worldwide. This risk is routinely managed by monitoring programs in shellfish producing areas, however the methods used to detect these harmful marine microbes are not usually automated nor conducted onsite, and are often expensive and require specialized expertise. Here we designed a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay based on the ITS-5.8S ribosomal region of Dinophysis spp. and evaluated its specificity, efficiency, and sensitivity to detect species belonging to this genus. We designed and tested twenty sets of primers pairs using three species of Dinophysis - D. caudata, D. fortii and D. acuminata. We optimized a qPCR assay using the primer pair that sufficiently amplified each of the target species (Dacu_11F/Dacu_11R), and tested this assay for cross-reactivity with other dinoflagellates and diatoms in the laboratory (11 species) and in silico 8 species (15 strains) of Dinophysis, 3 species of Ornithocercus and 2 species of Phalacroma. The qPCR assay returned efficiencies of 92.4% for D. caudata, 91.3% for D fortii, and 91.5% for D. acuminata, while showing no cross-reactivity with other phytoplankton taxa. Finally, we applied this assay to a D. acuminata bloom which occurred in an oyster producing estuary in south eastern Australia, and compared cell numbers inferred by qPCR to those determined by microscopy counts (max abund. ∼6.3 × 103 and 5.3 × 103 cells L-1 respectively). Novel molecular tools such as qPCR have the potential to be used on-farm, be automated, and provide an early warning for the management of harmful algal blooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penelope A Ajani
- University of Technology Sydney, School of Life Sciences, Sydney, PO Box 123, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia; Food Agility CRC Ltd, 175 Pitt St, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia.
| | - Hernan F Henriquez-Nunez
- University of Technology Sydney, School of Life Sciences, Sydney, PO Box 123, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia; Food Agility CRC Ltd, 175 Pitt St, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia
| | - Arjun Verma
- University of Technology Sydney, School of Life Sciences, Sydney, PO Box 123, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia; Food Agility CRC Ltd, 175 Pitt St, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia
| | - Satoshi Nagai
- Coastal and Inland Fisheries Ecosystems Division, Fisheries Technology Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency. 2-12-4 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-8648, Japan
| | - Hajime Uchida
- Seafood Safety and Technology Division, Fisheries Technology Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, 2-12-4 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-8648, Japan
| | - Matthew J Tesoriero
- University of Technology Sydney, School of Life Sciences, Sydney, PO Box 123, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia; Food Agility CRC Ltd, 175 Pitt St, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia
| | - Hazel Farrell
- NSW Food Authority, NSW Department of Primary Industries, PO Box 232, Taree 2430, Australia
| | - Anthony Zammit
- NSW Food Authority, NSW Department of Primary Industries, PO Box 232, Taree 2430, Australia
| | - Steve Brett
- Microalgal Services, 308 Tucker Rd, Ormond 3204, Australia
| | - Shauna A Murray
- University of Technology Sydney, School of Life Sciences, Sydney, PO Box 123, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia; Food Agility CRC Ltd, 175 Pitt St, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia
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7
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Gaiani G, Cucchi F, Toldrà A, Andree KB, Rey M, Tsumuraya T, O'Sullivan CK, Diogène J, Campàs M. Electrochemical biosensor for the dual detection of Gambierdiscus australes and Gambierdiscus excentricus in field samples. First report of G. excentricus in the Balearic Islands. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 806:150915. [PMID: 34653452 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Several genera of marine dinoflagellates are known to produce bioactive compounds that affect human health. Among them, Gambierdiscus and Fukuyoa stand out for their ability to produce several toxins, including the potent neurotoxic ciguatoxins (CTXs), which accumulate through the food web. Once fishes contaminated with CTXs are ingested by humans, it can result in an intoxication named ciguatera. Within the two genera, only some species are able to produce toxins, and G. australes and G. excentricus have been highlighted to be the most abundant and toxic. Although the genera Gambierdiscus and Fukuyoa are endemic to tropical areas, their presence in subtropical and temperate regions has been recently recorded. In this work, the combined use of species-specific PCR primers for G. australes and G. excentricus modified with short oligonucleotide tails allowed the development of a multiplex detection system for these two toxin-producing species. Simultaneous detection was achieved using capture probes specific for G. australes and G. excentricus immobilized on maleimide-coated magnetic beads (MBs), separately placed on the working electrodes of a dual electrode array. Additionally, a rapid DNA extraction technique based on a portable bead beater system and MBs was developed, significantly reducing the extraction time (from several hours to 30 min). The developed technique was able to detect as low as 10 cells of both Gambierdiscus species and allowed the first detection of G. excentricus in the Balearic Islands in 8 out of the 12 samples analyzed. Finally, field samples were screened for CTXs with an immunosensor, successfully reporting 13.35 ± 0.5 pg CTX1B equiv. cell-1 in one sample and traces of toxins in 3 out of the 9 samples analyzed. These developments provide rapid and cost-effective strategies for ciguatera risk assessment, with the aim of guaranteeing seafood safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greta Gaiani
- IRTA, Ctra Poble Nou km 5.5, 43540 Sant Carles de la Ràpita, Spain
| | - Francesca Cucchi
- IRTA, Ctra Poble Nou km 5.5, 43540 Sant Carles de la Ràpita, Spain; Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita,UNITS, Via Giorgieri, 5, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Anna Toldrà
- IRTA, Ctra Poble Nou km 5.5, 43540 Sant Carles de la Ràpita, Spain
| | - Karl B Andree
- IRTA, Ctra Poble Nou km 5.5, 43540 Sant Carles de la Ràpita, Spain
| | - María Rey
- IRTA, Ctra Poble Nou km 5.5, 43540 Sant Carles de la Ràpita, Spain
| | - Takeshi Tsumuraya
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka 599-8570, Japan
| | - Ciara K O'Sullivan
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química, URV, Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; ICREA, Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jorge Diogène
- IRTA, Ctra Poble Nou km 5.5, 43540 Sant Carles de la Ràpita, Spain
| | - Mònica Campàs
- IRTA, Ctra Poble Nou km 5.5, 43540 Sant Carles de la Ràpita, Spain.
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8
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Nishimura T, Murray JS, Boundy MJ, Balci M, Bowers HA, Smith KF, Harwood DT, Rhodes LL. Update of the Planktonic Diatom Genus Pseudo-nitzschia in Aotearoa New Zealand Coastal Waters: Genetic Diversity and Toxin Production. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:637. [PMID: 34564641 PMCID: PMC8473122 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13090637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Domoic acid (DA) is produced by almost half of the species belonging to the diatom genus Pseudo-nitzschia and causes amnesic shellfish poisoning (ASP). It is, therefore, important to investigate the diversity and toxin production of Pseudo-nitzschia species for ASP risk assessments. Between 2018 and 2020, seawater samples were collected from various sites around Aotearoa New Zealand, and 130 clonal isolates of Pseudo-nitzschia were established. Molecular phylogenetic analysis of partial large subunit ribosomal DNA and/or internal transcribed spacer regions revealed that the isolates were divided into 14 species (Pseudo-nitzschia americana, Pseudo-nitzschia arenysensis, Pseudo-nitzschia australis, Pseudo-nitzschia calliantha, Pseudo-nitzschia cuspidata, Pseudo-nitzschia delicatissima, Pseudo-nitzschia fraudulenta, Pseudo-nitzschia galaxiae, Pseudo-nitzschia hasleana, Pseudo-nitzschia multiseries, Pseudo-nitzschia multistriata, Pseudo-nitzschia plurisecta, Pseudo-nitzschia pungens, and Pseudo-nitzschia cf. subpacifica). The P. delicatissima and P. hasleana strains were further divided into two clades/subclades (I and II). Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was used to assess the production of DA and DA isomers by 73 representative strains. The analyses revealed that two (P. australis and P. multiseries) of the 14 species produced DA as a primary analogue, along with several DA isomers. This study is the first geographical distribution record of P. arenysensis, P.cuspidata, P. galaxiae, and P. hasleana in New Zealand coastal waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Nishimura
- Cawthron Institute, Nelson 7010, New Zealand; (J.S.M.); (M.J.B.); (K.F.S.); (D.T.H.)
| | - J. Sam Murray
- Cawthron Institute, Nelson 7010, New Zealand; (J.S.M.); (M.J.B.); (K.F.S.); (D.T.H.)
| | - Michael J. Boundy
- Cawthron Institute, Nelson 7010, New Zealand; (J.S.M.); (M.J.B.); (K.F.S.); (D.T.H.)
| | - Muharrem Balci
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, Istanbul 34134, Turkey;
| | - Holly A. Bowers
- Moss Landing Marine Laboratories, Moss Landing, CA 95039, USA;
| | - Kirsty F. Smith
- Cawthron Institute, Nelson 7010, New Zealand; (J.S.M.); (M.J.B.); (K.F.S.); (D.T.H.)
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - D. Tim Harwood
- Cawthron Institute, Nelson 7010, New Zealand; (J.S.M.); (M.J.B.); (K.F.S.); (D.T.H.)
| | - Lesley L. Rhodes
- Cawthron Institute, Nelson 7010, New Zealand; (J.S.M.); (M.J.B.); (K.F.S.); (D.T.H.)
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9
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Ajani PA, Verma A, Kim JH, Woodcock S, Nishimura T, Farrell H, Zammit A, Brett S, Murray SA. Using qPCR and high-resolution sensor data to model a multi-species Pseudo-nitzschia (Bacillariophyceae) bloom in southeastern Australia. HARMFUL ALGAE 2021; 108:102095. [PMID: 34588117 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2021.102095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Harmful algal blooms, including those caused by the toxic diatom Pseudo-nitzschia, can have significant impacts on human health, ecosystem functioning and ultimately food security. In the current study we characterized a bloom of species of Pseudo-nitzschia that occurred in a south-eastern Australian oyster-growing estuary in 2019. Using light microscopy, combined with molecular (ITS/5.8S and LSU D1-D3 rDNA regions) and toxicological evidence, we observed the bloom to consist of multiple species of Pseudo-nitzschia including P. cf. cuspidata, P. hasleana, P. fraudulenta and P. multiseries, with P. cf. cuspidata being the only species that produced domoic acid (3.1 pg DA per cell). As several species of Pseudo-nitzschia co-occurred, only one of which produced DA, we developed a rapid, sensitive and efficient quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay to detect only species belonging to the P. pseudodelicatissima complex Clade I, to which P. cf. cuspidata belongs, and this indicated that P. cuspidata or closely related strains may have dominated the Pseudo-nitzschia community at this time. Finally, using high resolution water temperature and salinity sensor data, we modeled the relationship between light microscopy determined abundance of P. delicatissima group and environmental variables (temperature, salinity, rainfall) at two sites within the estuary. A total of eight General Linear Models (GLMs) explaining between 9 and 54% of the deviance suggested that the temperature (increasing) and/or salinity (decreasing) data were generally more predictive of high cell concentrations than the rainfall data at both sites, and that overall, cell concentrations were more predictive at the more oceanic site than the more upstream site, using this method. We conclude that the combination of rapid molecular methods such as qPCR and real-time sensor data modeling, can provide a more rapid and effective early warning of harmful algal blooms of species of Pseudo-nitzschia, resulting in more beneficial regulatory and management outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penelope A Ajani
- University of Technology Sydney, School of Life Sciences, Sydney, PO Box 123, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia; Food Agility CRC Ltd, 81 Broadway, Ulitmo, NSW 2007, Australia.
| | - Arjun Verma
- University of Technology Sydney, School of Life Sciences, Sydney, PO Box 123, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia; Food Agility CRC Ltd, 81 Broadway, Ulitmo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Jin Ho Kim
- Department of Earth and Marine Science, College of Ocean Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
| | - Stephen Woodcock
- University of Technology Sydney, School of Life Sciences, Sydney, PO Box 123, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia
| | | | - Hazel Farrell
- NSW Food Authority, NSW Department of Primary Industries, PO Box 232, Taree 2430, Australia
| | - Anthony Zammit
- NSW Food Authority, NSW Department of Primary Industries, PO Box 232, Taree 2430, Australia
| | - Steve Brett
- Microalgal Services, 308 Tucker Rd, Ormond 3204, Australia
| | - Shauna A Murray
- University of Technology Sydney, School of Life Sciences, Sydney, PO Box 123, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia; Food Agility CRC Ltd, 81 Broadway, Ulitmo, NSW 2007, Australia
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10
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Assessing the Use of Molecular Barcoding and qPCR for Investigating the Ecology of Prorocentrum minimum (Dinophyceae), a Harmful Algal Species. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9030510. [PMID: 33670984 PMCID: PMC7997176 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9030510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Prorocentrum minimum is a species of marine dinoflagellate that occurs worldwide and can be responsible for harmful algal blooms (HABs). Some studies have reported it to produce tetrodotoxin; however, results have been inconsistent. qPCR and molecular barcoding (amplicon sequencing) using high-throughput sequencing have been increasingly applied to quantify HAB species for ecological analyses and monitoring. Here, we isolated a strain of P. minimum from eastern Australian waters, where it commonly occurs, and developed and validated a qPCR assay for this species based on a region of ITS rRNA in relation to abundance estimates from the cultured strain as determined using light microscopy. We used this tool to quantify and examine ecological drivers of P. minimum in Botany Bay, an estuary in southeast Australia, for over ~14 months in 2016–2017. We compared abundance estimates using qPCR with those obtained using molecular barcoding based on an 18S rRNA amplicon. There was a significant correlation between the abundance estimates from amplicon sequencing and qPCR, but the estimates from light microscopy were not significantly correlated, likely due to the counting method applied. Using amplicon sequencing, ~600 unique actual sequence variants (ASVs) were found, much larger than the known phytoplankton diversity from this region. P. minimum abundance in Botany Bay was found to be significantly associated with lower salinities and higher dissolved CO2 levels.
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11
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Accoroni S, Giulietti S, Romagnoli T, Siracusa M, Bacchiocchi S, Totti C. Morphological Variability of Pseudo-nitzschia pungens Clade I (Bacillariophyceae) in the Northwestern Adriatic Sea. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9111420. [PMID: 33114135 PMCID: PMC7716229 DOI: 10.3390/plants9111420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Pseudo-nitzschia pungens is a common component of the phytoplankton community of the northern Adriatic Sea. In this study, an in-depth morphological analysis of P. pungens was carried out in both cultured strains isolated in different periods and field samples, revealing a surprisingly wide variability in a number of details, with both the gross morphology and ultrastructural levels deviating from the nominal P. pungens. Colonies showed an overlap (from one-third to one-sixth) and a transapical axis (rarely reaching 3 µm), strongly differing from the original description of the species. Moreover, valves may be either symmetrical or slightly asymmetrical, with striae almost always biseriate but sometimes uniseriate or triseriate. Poroids' morphology in cingular bands was characterized by a wide variability (square, circular, or rectangular poroids without or with up to two hymen sectors), with several combination of them, even within the same cingular band. Phylogenetic analyses based on ITS rDNA showed that the P. pungens of the northern Adriatic Sea belonged to clade I. Domoic acid was not detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Accoroni
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell’Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (S.G.); (T.R.); (C.T.)
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Umbria e Marche, Via Cupa di Posatora, 3, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (M.S.); (S.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-071-2204919
| | - Sonia Giulietti
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell’Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (S.G.); (T.R.); (C.T.)
| | - Tiziana Romagnoli
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell’Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (S.G.); (T.R.); (C.T.)
| | - Melania Siracusa
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Umbria e Marche, Via Cupa di Posatora, 3, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (M.S.); (S.B.)
| | - Simone Bacchiocchi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Umbria e Marche, Via Cupa di Posatora, 3, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (M.S.); (S.B.)
| | - Cecilia Totti
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell’Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (S.G.); (T.R.); (C.T.)
- Consorzio Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare, CoNISMa, ULR Ancona, Ancona, Italy
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12
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Turk Dermastia T, Cerino F, Stanković D, Francé J, Ramšak A, Žnidarič Tušek M, Beran A, Natali V, Cabrini M, Mozetič P. Ecological time series and integrative taxonomy unveil seasonality and diversity of the toxic diatom Pseudo-nitzschia H. Peragallo in the northern Adriatic Sea. HARMFUL ALGAE 2020; 93:101773. [PMID: 32307066 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2020.101773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Pseudo-nitzschia H. Peragallo (1900) is a globally distributed genus of pennate diatoms that are important components of phytoplankton communities worldwide. Some members of the genus produce the neurotoxin domoic acid, so regular monitoring is in place. However, the identification of toxic members in routine samplings remains problematic. In this study, the diversity and seasonal occurrence of Pseudo-nitzschia species were investigated in the Gulf of Trieste, a shallow gulf in the northern Adriatic Sea. We used time series data from 2005 to 2018 to describe the seasonal and inter-annual occurrence of the genus in the area and its contribution to the phytoplankton community. On average, the genus accounted for about 15 % of total diatom abundance and peaked in spring and autumn, with occasional outbreaks during summer and large inter-annual fluctuations. Increased water temperature and decreased salinity positively affected the presence of some members of the genus, while strong effects could be masked by an unsuitable definition of the species complexes used for monitoring purposes. Therefore, combining morphological (TEM) and molecular analyses by sequencing the ITS, 28S and rbcL markers, eight species were identified from 83 isolated monoclonal strains: P. calliantha, P. fraudulenta, P. delicatissima, P. galaxiae, P. mannii, P. multistriata, P. pungens and P. subfraudulenta. A genetic comparison between the isolated strains and other strains in the Mediterranean was carried out and rbcL was inspected as a potential barcode marker in respect to our results. This is the first study in the Gulf of Trieste on Pseudo-nitzschia time series from a long-term ecological research (LTER) site coupled with molecular data. We show that meaningful ecological conclusions can be drawn by applying integrative methodology, as opposed to the approach that only considers species complexes. The results of this work will provide guidance for further monitoring efforts as well as research activities, including population genetics and genomics, associated with seasonal distribution and toxicity profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timotej Turk Dermastia
- National Institute of Biology, Marine Biology Station Piran, Fornače 41, 6330 Piran, Slovenia; International Postgraduate School Jožef Stefan, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Federica Cerino
- Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimentale - OGS, via Piccard 54, 34151 Trieste, Italy
| | - David Stanković
- National Institute of Biology, Marine Biology Station Piran, Fornače 41, 6330 Piran, Slovenia
| | - Janja Francé
- National Institute of Biology, Marine Biology Station Piran, Fornače 41, 6330 Piran, Slovenia
| | - Andreja Ramšak
- National Institute of Biology, Marine Biology Station Piran, Fornače 41, 6330 Piran, Slovenia
| | - Magda Žnidarič Tušek
- National Institute of Biology, Department of Biotechnology and Systems Biology, Večna pot 111, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Alfred Beran
- Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimentale - OGS, via Piccard 54, 34151 Trieste, Italy
| | - Vanessa Natali
- Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimentale - OGS, via Piccard 54, 34151 Trieste, Italy
| | - Marina Cabrini
- Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimentale - OGS, via Piccard 54, 34151 Trieste, Italy
| | - Patricija Mozetič
- National Institute of Biology, Marine Biology Station Piran, Fornače 41, 6330 Piran, Slovenia
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13
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Qin Y, Chen G, Zhang C, Wang Y, Zhou J. Development of loop-mediated isothermal amplification combined with a chromatographic lateral-flow dipstick for rapid detection of Chattonella marina. HARMFUL ALGAE 2019; 89:101666. [PMID: 31672231 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2019.101666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Harmful algal blooms caused by Chattonella marina recently have caused severe negative effect on coastal economy worldwide, with increased occurrence frequency and scale. It is therefore vital to establish new methods for rapid detection of this alga. In this study, the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence was used as the target gene for molecular detection of C. marina. First, four loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) primers were designed based on the six regions of ITS, and the LAMP reaction system was established using these primers. Next, a probe was designed to detect the LAMP products by lateral-flow dipstick (LFD). Finally, a new method for rapid and sensitive detection of C. marina that is referred to as LAMP-LFD was established. The LAMP reaction system, amplification time, and amplification temperature were particularly optimized. The optimal parameters are as follows: Mg2+ concentration, 10 mM;dNTP concentration, 1.2 mM;ratio of internal primer concentration to outer primer concentration, 8:1;reaction time, 60 min;and reaction temperature, 60 °C. Both specificity and sensitivity were tested using the optimized LAMP reaction system in combination with LFD (LAMP-LFD). The established LAMP-LFD displayed good specificity and no cross reaction was detected with non-target algal species. The detection limit of LAMP-LFD was 3.4 × 10-4 ng μL-1 (3.4 × 10-4 ng per reaction) for the genomic DNA of target algae, and 1.3 copies μL-1 (1.3 copies per reaction) for the plasmid DNA containing the target ITS. Sensitivity tests using genomic DNA and plasmid DNA as templates consistently revealed that LAMP-LFD is 100 times more sensitive than regular PCR. The established LAMP-LFD was applied to analyze the simulated samples and the results showed that the detection limit of LAMP-LFD could reach 1 cell mL-1. LAMP-LFD also demonstrated good specificity and sensitivity in the analysis of natural samples. The whole procedure of LAMP-LFD could be completed within 1.5 h. Taken together, the LAMP-LFD assay developed here is characterized by simplicity, high specificity and sensitivity, and rapidity and therefore is promising for rapid detection of C. marina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Qin
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology (Weihai), Weihai, 264209, PR China
| | - Guofu Chen
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology (Weihai), Weihai, 264209, PR China.
| | - Chunyun Zhang
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology (Weihai), Weihai, 264209, PR China.
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology (Weihai), Weihai, 264209, PR China
| | - Jin Zhou
- Division of Ocean Science and Technology, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China
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14
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Rowland-Pilgrim S, Swan SC, O'Neill A, Johnson S, Coates L, Stubbs P, Dean K, Parks R, Harrison K, Teixeira Alves M, Walton A, Davidson K, Turner AD, Maskrey BH. Variability of Amnesic Shellfish Toxin and Pseudo-nitzschia occurrence in bivalve molluscs and water samples-Analysis of ten years of the official control monitoring programme. HARMFUL ALGAE 2019; 87:101623. [PMID: 31349885 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2019.101623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
As the official control laboratory for marine biotoxins within Great Britain, the Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, in conjunction with the Scottish Association for Marine Science, has amassed a decade's worth of data regarding the prevalence of the toxins associated with Amnesic Shellfish Poisoning within British waters. This monitoring involves quantitative HPLC-UV analysis of shellfish domoic acid concentration, the causative toxin for Amnesic Shellfish Poisoning, and water monitoring for Pseudo-nitzschia spp., the phytoplankton genus that produces domoic acid. The data obtained since 2008 indicate that whilst the occurrence of domoic acid in shellfish was generally below the maximum permitted limit of 20 mg/kg, there were a number of toxic episodes that breached this limit. The data showed an increase in the frequency of both domoic acid occurrence and toxic events, although there was considerable annual variability in intensity and geographical location of toxic episodes. A particularly notable increase in domoic acid occurrence in England was observed during 2014. Comparison of Scottish toxin data and Pseudo-nitzschia cell densities during this ten-year period revealed a complex relationship between the two measurements. Whilst the majority of events were associated with blooms, absolute cell densities of Pseudo-nitzschia did not correlate with domoic acid concentrations in shellfish tissue. This is believed to be partly due to the presence of a number of different Pseudo-nitzschia species in the water that can exhibit variable toxin production. These data highlight the requirement for tissue monitoring as part of an effective monitoring programme to protect the consumer, as well as the benefit of more detailed taxonomic discrimination of the Pseudo-nitzschia genus to allow greater accuracy in the prediction of shellfish toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Rowland-Pilgrim
- Food Safety Group, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Barrack Road, Weymouth, Dorset DT4 8UB, UK
| | - Sarah C Swan
- Scottish Association for Marine Science, Scottish Marine Institute, Oban, PA37 1QA, Scotland, UK
| | - Alison O'Neill
- Food Safety Group, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Barrack Road, Weymouth, Dorset DT4 8UB, UK
| | - Sarah Johnson
- Food Safety Group, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Barrack Road, Weymouth, Dorset DT4 8UB, UK
| | - Lewis Coates
- Food Safety Group, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Barrack Road, Weymouth, Dorset DT4 8UB, UK
| | - Patrycja Stubbs
- Food Safety Group, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Barrack Road, Weymouth, Dorset DT4 8UB, UK
| | - Karl Dean
- Food Safety Group, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Barrack Road, Weymouth, Dorset DT4 8UB, UK
| | - Rachel Parks
- Food Safety Group, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Barrack Road, Weymouth, Dorset DT4 8UB, UK
| | - Keith Harrison
- Food Safety Group, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Barrack Road, Weymouth, Dorset DT4 8UB, UK
| | - Mickael Teixeira Alves
- Aquatic Pathogens and Pests, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Barrack Road, Weymouth, Dorset DT4 8UB, UK
| | - Alison Walton
- Phytoplankton Laboratory, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk NR33 0HT, UK
| | - Keith Davidson
- Scottish Association for Marine Science, Scottish Marine Institute, Oban, PA37 1QA, Scotland, UK
| | - Andrew D Turner
- Food Safety Group, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Barrack Road, Weymouth, Dorset DT4 8UB, UK
| | - Benjamin H Maskrey
- Food Safety Group, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Barrack Road, Weymouth, Dorset DT4 8UB, UK.
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15
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Toldrà A, Alcaraz C, Andree KB, Fernández-Tejedor M, Diogène J, Katakis I, O'Sullivan CK, Campàs M. Colorimetric DNA-based assay for the specific detection and quantification of Ostreopsis cf. ovata and Ostreopsis cf. siamensis in the marine environment. HARMFUL ALGAE 2019; 84:27-35. [PMID: 31128810 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2019.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Ostreopsis is a toxic benthic dinoflagellate largely distributed worldwide in tropical and temperate areas. In the Mediterranean Sea, periodic summer blooms have been reported and have become a serious concern due to their direct impact on human health and the environment. Current microalgae identification is performed via light microscopy, which is time-consuming and is not able to differentiate among Ostreopsis species. Therefore, there is mature need for rapid, specific and easy-to-use detection tools. In this work, a colorimetric assay exploiting a combination of recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) and a sandwich hybridisation assay was developed for O. cf. ovata and O. cf. siamensis detection and quantification. The specificity of the system was demonstrated by cross-reactivity experiments and calibration curves were successfully constructed using genomic DNA, achieving limits of detection of 10 and 14 pg/μL for O. cf. ovata and O. cf. siamensis, respectively. The assay was applied to the analysis of planktonic and benthic environmental samples from different sites of the Catalan coast. Species-specific DNA quantifications were in agreement with qPCR analysis, demonstrating the reliability of the colorimetric approach. Significant correlations were also obtained between DNA quantifications and light microscopy counts. The approach may be a valuable tool to provide timely warnings, facilitate monitoring activities or study population dynamics, and paves the way towards the development of in situ tools for the monitoring of harmful algal blooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Toldrà
- IRTA, Ctra. Poble Nou km 5.5, 43540, Sant Carles de la Ràpita, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Carles Alcaraz
- IRTA, Ctra. Poble Nou km 5.5, 43540, Sant Carles de la Ràpita, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Karl B Andree
- IRTA, Ctra. Poble Nou km 5.5, 43540, Sant Carles de la Ràpita, Tarragona, Spain
| | | | - Jorge Diogène
- IRTA, Ctra. Poble Nou km 5.5, 43540, Sant Carles de la Ràpita, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Ioanis Katakis
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Països Catalans 26, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Ciara K O'Sullivan
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Països Catalans 26, 43007, Tarragona, Spain; ICREA, Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Mònica Campàs
- IRTA, Ctra. Poble Nou km 5.5, 43540, Sant Carles de la Ràpita, Tarragona, Spain.
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16
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Bates SS, Hubbard KA, Lundholm N, Montresor M, Leaw CP. Pseudo-nitzschia, Nitzschia, and domoic acid: New research since 2011. HARMFUL ALGAE 2018; 79:3-43. [PMID: 30420013 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Some diatoms of the genera Pseudo-nitzschia and Nitzschia produce the neurotoxin domoic acid (DA), a compound that caused amnesic shellfish poisoning (ASP) in humans just over 30 years ago (December 1987) in eastern Canada. This review covers new information since two previous reviews in 2012. Nitzschia bizertensis was subsequently discovered to be toxigenic in Tunisian waters. The known distribution of N. navis-varingica has expanded from Vietnam to Malaysia, Indonesia, the Philippines and Australia. Furthermore, 15 new species (and one new variety) of Pseudo-nitzschia have been discovered, bringing the total to 52. Seven new species were found to produce DA, bringing the total of toxigenic species to 26. We list all Pseudo-nitzschia species, their ability to produce DA, and show their global distribution. A consequence of the extended distribution and increased number of toxigenic species worldwide is that DA is now found more pervasively in the food web, contaminating new marine organisms (especially marine mammals), affecting their physiology and disrupting ecosystems. Recent findings highlight how zooplankton grazers can induce DA production in Pseudo-nitzschia and how bacteria interact with Pseudo-nitzschia. Since 2012, new discoveries have been reported on physiological controls of Pseudo-nitzschia growth and DA production, its sexual reproduction, and infection by an oomycete parasitoid. Many advances are the result of applying molecular approaches to discovering new species, and to understanding the population genetic structure of Pseudo-nitzschia and mechanisms used to cope with iron limitation. The availability of genomes from three Pseudo-nitzschia species, coupled with a comparative transcriptomic approach, has allowed advances in our understanding of the sexual reproduction of Pseudo-nitzschia, its signaling pathways, its interactions with bacteria, and genes involved in iron and vitamin B12 and B7 metabolism. Although there have been no new confirmed cases of ASP since 1987 because of monitoring efforts, new blooms have occurred. A massive toxic Pseudo-nitzschia bloom affected the entire west coast of North America during 2015-2016, and was linked to a 'warm blob' of ocean water. Other smaller toxic blooms occurred in the Gulf of Mexico and east coast of North America. Knowledge gaps remain, including how and why DA and its isomers are produced, the world distribution of potentially toxigenic Nitzschia species, the prevalence of DA isomers, and molecular markers to discriminate between toxigenic and non-toxigenic species and to discover sexually reproducing populations in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen S Bates
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Gulf Fisheries Centre, P.O. Box 5030, Moncton, New Brunswick, E1C 9B6, Canada.
| | - Katherine A Hubbard
- Fish and Wildlife Research Institute (FWRI), Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC), 100 Eighth Avenue SE, St. Petersburg, FL 33701 USA; Woods Hole Center for Oceans and Human Health, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 266 Woods Hole Road, Woods Hole, MA, 02543 USA
| | - Nina Lundholm
- Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Sølvgade 83S, DK-1307 Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Marina Montresor
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy
| | - Chui Pin Leaw
- Bachok Marine Research Station, Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, 16310 Bachok, Kelantan, Malaysia
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17
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Toldrà A, Jauset-Rubio M, Andree KB, Fernández-Tejedor M, Diogène J, Katakis I, O'Sullivan CK, Campàs M. Detection and quantification of the toxic marine microalgae Karlodinium veneficum and Karlodinium armiger using recombinase polymerase amplification and enzyme-linked oligonucleotide assay. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1039:140-148. [PMID: 30322545 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.07.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Karlodinium is a dinoflagellate responsible for fish-killing events worldwide. In Alfacs Bay (NW Mediterranean Sea), the presence of two Karlodinium species (K. veneficum and K. armiger) with different toxicities has been reported. This work presents a method that combines recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) with an enzyme-linked oligonucleotide assay (ELONA) to identify, discriminate and quantify these two species. The system was characterised using synthetic DNA and genomic DNA, and the specificity was confirmed by cross-reactivity experiments. Calibration curves were constructed using 10-fold dilutions of cultured cells, attaining a limit of detection of around 50,000 cells/L, far below the Karlodinium spp. alert threshold (200,000 cells/L). Finally, the assay was applied to spiked seawater samples, showing an excellent correlation with the spiking levels and light microscopy counts. This approach is more rapid, specific and user-friendly than traditional microscopy techniques, and shows great promise for the surveillance and management of harmful algal blooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Toldrà
- IRTA, Ctra. Poble Nou km 5.5, 43540, Sant Carles de la Ràpita, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Míriam Jauset-Rubio
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Països Catalans 26, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Karl B Andree
- IRTA, Ctra. Poble Nou km 5.5, 43540, Sant Carles de la Ràpita, Tarragona, Spain
| | | | - Jorge Diogène
- IRTA, Ctra. Poble Nou km 5.5, 43540, Sant Carles de la Ràpita, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Ioanis Katakis
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Països Catalans 26, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Ciara K O'Sullivan
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Països Catalans 26, 43007, Tarragona, Spain; ICREA, Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Mònica Campàs
- IRTA, Ctra. Poble Nou km 5.5, 43540, Sant Carles de la Ràpita, Tarragona, Spain.
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18
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Kim JH, Wang P, Park BS, Kim JH, Patidar SK, Han MS. Revealing the distinct habitat ranges and hybrid zone of genetic sub-populations within Pseudo-nitzschia pungens (Bacillariophyceae) in the West Pacific area. HARMFUL ALGAE 2018; 73:72-83. [PMID: 29602508 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2018.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Genetic sub-populations (clades) of cosmopolitan marine diatom Pseudo-nitzschia pungens might have distinct habitats, and their hybrid zone is suspected in higher latitude area of the West Pacific area, however, it is still unrevealed because of technical difficulties and lack of evidences in natural environments. The aim of this study is to investigate the habitat characteristics of each clade of P. pungens on geographical distribution with the habitat temperature ranges of each clade and to reveal their hybrid zone in the West Pacific area. We employed the 137 number of nucleotide sequences of P. pungens and its sampling data (spatial and temporal scale) originated from the West Pacific area, and used field application of qPCR assay for intra-specific level of P. pungens. Only two genotypes, clade I and III, were identified in the West Pacific area. Clade I was distributed from 39 to 32.3°N, and clade III were from 1.4 to 34.4°N. The estimated habitat temperature for the clade I and clade III ranges were 8.1-26.9 °C and 24.2-31.2 °C, respectively. The latitudinal distributions and temperature ranges of each clade were significantly different. The qPCR assay employed, and results suggested that the hybrid zone for clade I and III has been observed in the southern Korean coasts, and clade III might be introduced from the Southern Pacific area. The cell abundances of clade III were strongly related with the higher seawater temperature and warm current force. This study has defined distinct habitat characteristics of genetically different sub-populations of P. pungens, and revealed its hybrid zone in natural environment for the first time. We also provided strong evidences about dispersion of the population of clade III to higher latitude in the West Pacific area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Ho Kim
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea; Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Pengbin Wang
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Bum Soo Park
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Joo-Hwan Kim
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Shailesh Kumar Patidar
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Myung-Soo Han
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea; Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea.
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19
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Mertens KN, Carbonell-Moore MC, Pospelova V, Head MJ, Highfield A, Schroeder D, Gu H, Andree KB, Fernandez M, Yamaguchi A, Takano Y, Matsuoka K, Nézan E, Bilien G, Okolodkov Y, Koike K, Hoppenrath M, Pfaff M, Pitcher G, Al-Muftah A, Rochon A, Lim PT, Leaw CP, Lim ZF, Ellegaard M. Pentaplacodinium saltonense gen. et sp. nov. (Dinophyceae) and its relationship to the cyst-defined genus Operculodinium and yessotoxin-producing Protoceratium reticulatum. HARMFUL ALGAE 2018; 71:57-77. [PMID: 29306397 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2017.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Strains of a dinoflagellate from the Salton Sea, previously identified as Protoceratium reticulatum and yessotoxin producing, have been reexamined morphologically and genetically and Pentaplacodinium saltonense n. gen. et sp. is erected to accommodate this species. Pentaplacodinium saltonense differs from Protoceratium reticulatum (Claparède et Lachmann 1859) Bütschli 1885 in the number of precingular plates (five vs. six), cingular displacement (two widths vs. one), and distinct cyst morphology. Incubation experiments (excystment and encystment) show that the resting cyst of Pentaplacodinium saltonense is morphologically most similar to the cyst-defined species Operculodinium israelianum (Rossignol, 1962) Wall (1967) and O. psilatum Wall (1967). Collections of comparative material from around the globe (including Protoceratium reticulatum and the genus Ceratocorys) and single cell PCR were used to clarify molecular phylogenies. Variable regions in the LSU (three new sequences), SSU (12 new sequences) and intergenic ITS 1-2 (14 new sequences) were obtained. These show that Pentaplacodinium saltonense and Protoceratium reticulatum form two distinct clades. Pentaplacodinium saltonense forms a monophyletic clade with several unidentified strains from Malaysia. LSU and SSU rDNA sequences of three species of Ceratocorys (C. armata, C. gourreti, C. horrida) from the Mediterranean and several other unidentified strains from Malaysia form a well-supported sister clade. The unique phylogenetic position of an unidentified strain from Hawaii is also documented and requires further examination. In addition, based on the V9 SSU topology (bootstrap values >80%), specimens from Elands Bay (South Africa), originally described as Gonyaulax grindleyi by Reinecke (1967), cluster with Protoceratium reticulatum. The known range of Pentaplacodinium saltonense is tropical to subtropical, and its cyst is recorded as a fossil in upper Cenozoic sediments. Protoceratium reticulatum and Pentaplacodinium saltonense seem to inhabit different niches: motile stages of these dinoflagellates have not been found in the same plankton sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Neil Mertens
- Research Unit for Palaeontology, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 s8, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - M Consuelo Carbonell-Moore
- Oregon State University, Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, College of Agricultural Sciences, 2082 Cordley Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331-2902, USA
| | - Vera Pospelova
- School of Earth and Ocean Sciences, University of Victoria, OEASB A405, P.O. Box 1700 Box 1700 STN CSC, Victoria, BC, V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - Martin J Head
- Department of Earth Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, Ontario, L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Andrea Highfield
- The Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, Citadel Hill, Plymouth PL1 2PB, United Kingdom
| | - Declan Schroeder
- The Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, Citadel Hill, Plymouth PL1 2PB, United Kingdom; School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AJ, United Kingdom
| | - Haifeng Gu
- Third Institute of Oceanography, SOA, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Karl B Andree
- IRTA, Crta. Poble Nou, Km 5.5, 43540 Sant Carles de la Rápita, Spain
| | | | - Aika Yamaguchi
- Kobe University Research Center for Inland Seas, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Yoshihito Takano
- Institute for East China Sea Research (ECSER), Nagasaki University, 1551-7, Taira-machi, Nagasaki, 851-2213, Japan
| | - Kazumi Matsuoka
- Institute for East China Sea Research (ECSER), Nagasaki University, 1551-7, Taira-machi, Nagasaki, 851-2213, Japan
| | - Elisabeth Nézan
- Ifremer, LER BO, Station de Biologie Marine, Place de la Croix, BP40537, F-29185 Concarneau Cedex, France
| | - Gwenael Bilien
- Ifremer, LER BO, Station de Biologie Marine, Place de la Croix, BP40537, F-29185 Concarneau Cedex, France
| | - Yuri Okolodkov
- Universidad Veracruzana, Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Pesquerías, Calle Hidalgo núm. 617, Colonia Río Jamapa, Boca del Río, 94290 Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Kazuhiko Koike
- Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Kagamiyama 1-4-4, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan
| | - Mona Hoppenrath
- Senckenberg am Meer, Deutsches Zentrum für Marine Biodiversitätsforschung (DZMB), Südstrand 44, D-26382 Wilhelmshaven, Germany
| | - Maya Pfaff
- Marine Biology Research Center, Ma-RE Institute, Zoology Department, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Grant Pitcher
- Marine and Coastal Management, Private Bag X2, Rogge Bay 8012, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | - André Rochon
- Institut des sciences de la mer de Rimouski (ISMER), Université du Québec à Rimouski, 310 allée des Ursulines, Rimouski, QC, G5L 3A1, Canada
| | - Po Teen Lim
- Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, 16310 Bachok, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Chui Pin Leaw
- Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, 16310 Bachok, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Zhen Fei Lim
- Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, 16310 Bachok, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Marianne Ellegaard
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871, Frederiksberg, Denmark
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20
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Krock B, Busch JA, Tillmann U, García-Camacho F, Sánchez-Mirón A, Gallardo-Rodríguez JJ, López-Rosales L, Andree KB, Fernández-Tejedor M, Witt M, Cembella AD, Place AR. LC-MS/MS Detection of Karlotoxins Reveals New Variants in Strains of the Marine Dinoflagellate Karlodinium veneficum from the Ebro Delta (NW Mediterranean). Mar Drugs 2017; 15:md15120391. [PMID: 29258236 PMCID: PMC5742851 DOI: 10.3390/md15120391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was developed for the detection and quantitation of karlotoxins in the selected reaction monitoring (SRM) mode. This novel method was based upon the analysis of purified karlotoxins (KcTx-1, KmTx-2, 44-oxo-KmTx-2, KmTx-5), one amphidinol (AM-18), and unpurified extracts of bulk cultures of the marine dinoflagellate Karlodinium veneficum strain CCMP2936 from Delaware (Eastern USA), which produces KmTx-1 and KmTx-3. The limit of detection of the SRM method for KmTx-2 was determined as 2.5 ng on-column. Collision induced dissociation (CID) spectra of all putative karlotoxins were recorded to present fragmentation patterns of each compound for their unambiguous identification. Bulk cultures of K. veneficum strain K10 isolated from an embayment of the Ebro Delta, NW Mediterranean, yielded five previously unreported putative karlotoxins with molecular masses 1280, 1298, 1332, 1356, and 1400 Da, and similar fragments to KmTx-5. Analysis of several isolates of K. veneficum from the Ebro Delta revealed small-scale diversity in the karlotoxin spectrum in that one isolate from Fangar Bay produced KmTx-5, whereas the five putative novel karlotoxins were found among several isolates from nearby, but hydrographically distinct Alfacs Bay. Application of this LC-MS/MS method represents an incremental advance in the determination of putative karlotoxins, particularly in the absence of a complete spectrum of purified analytical standards of known specific potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Krock
- Alfred Wegener Institut-Helmholtz Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Chemische Ökologie, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany.
| | - Julia A Busch
- Alfred Wegener Institut-Helmholtz Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Chemische Ökologie, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany.
- Common Wadden Sea Secretariat, Virchowstr. 1, 26382 Wilhelmshaven, Germany.
| | - Urban Tillmann
- Alfred Wegener Institut-Helmholtz Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Chemische Ökologie, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany.
| | | | | | - Juan J Gallardo-Rodríguez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Concepción, Concepción 4030000, Chile.
| | | | - Karl B Andree
- Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Ctra Poble Nou km 5.5, 43540 Sant Carles de la Rapita, Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Margarita Fernández-Tejedor
- Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Ctra Poble Nou km 5.5, 43540 Sant Carles de la Rapita, Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Matthias Witt
- Bruker Daltonik GmbH, Fahrenheitstr. 4, 28359 Bremen, Germany.
| | - Allan D Cembella
- Alfred Wegener Institut-Helmholtz Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Chemische Ökologie, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany.
| | - Allen R Place
- Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, UMCES, Baltimore, MD 21613, USA.
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21
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Chai Y, Deng WJ, Qin X, Xu X. Occurrence of four species of algae in the marine water of Hong Kong. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2017; 124:890-896. [PMID: 28065552 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.12.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Harmful algal blooms (HABs) have broken out frequently throughout the world in recent decades; they are caused by the rapid multiplication of algal cells in near-coastal waters polluted with nitrogen and phosphorus and greatly affect the quality of marine water and human health. Over the past several decades, climate change and increasing environmental degradation have provided favourable growth conditions for certain phytoplankton species. Therefore, it is essential to rapidly identify and enumerate harmful marine algae to control these species. In this study, quantitative PCR (qPCR) was used to detect four representative species of HABs that are widespread in the marine water of Hong Kong, namely, Alexandrium catenella, Pseudo-nitzschia spp., Karenia mikimotoi and Heterosigma akashiwo. We applied qPCR with the dye SYBR Green to detect Alexandrium spp. and Pseudo-nitzschia spp. and used TaqMan probe for the enumeration of Karenia mikimotoi and Heterosigma akashiwo. The total genomic DNA of these algae from Hong Kong marine water was extracted successfully using the CTAB method, and for each kind of alga, we constructed a ten-fold series of recombinant plasmid solutions containing certain gene fragments of 18S rDNA and ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 as standard samples. Ten-fold dilutions of the DNA of known numbers of the extracted algal cells were also used to create an additional standard curve. In this way, the relationship between the cell number and the related plasmid copy number was established. The qPCR assay displayed high sensitivity in monitoring marine water samples in which the low concentrations of harmful algae were not detected accurately by traditional methods. The results showed that the cell numbers of the four species were all in low abundance. For Alexandrium catenella, the cell abundances at 12 sites ranged from 3.8×102 to 4.3×103cellsL-1, while H. akashiwo, K. mikimotoi and Pseudo-nitzschia ranged from 1.1×102 to 1.3×103, from 23 to 6.5×102 and from 45 to 3.3×103cellsL-1, respectively. The concentrations of these algae were much lower than those observed during outbreaks of HABs in Hong Kong. These results may be useful for local aquaculture development and may provide effective suggestions and a theoretical basis for HAB monitoring and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yemao Chai
- Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, N.T., Hong Kong, China
| | - Wen-Jing Deng
- Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, N.T., Hong Kong, China.
| | - Xing Qin
- Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, N.T., Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiangrong Xu
- South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, 164 Xingangxi Rd, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, China
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22
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Pugliese L, Casabianca S, Perini F, Andreoni F, Penna A. A high resolution melting method for the molecular identification of the potentially toxic diatom Pseudo-nitzschia spp. in the Mediterranean Sea. Sci Rep 2017; 7:4259. [PMID: 28652566 PMCID: PMC5484702 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04245-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop and validate a high resolution melting (HRM) method for the rapid, accurate identification of the various harmful diatom Pseudo-nitzschia species in marine environments. Pseudo-nitzschia has a worldwide distribution and some species are toxic, producing the potent domoic acid toxin, which poses a threat to both human and animal health. Hence, it is important to identify toxic Pseudo-nitzschia species. A pair of primers targeting the LSU rDNA of the genus Pseudo-nitzschia was designed for the development of the assay and its specificity was validated using 22 control DNAs of the P. calliantha, P. delicatissima/P. arenysensis complex and P. pungens. The post-PCR HRM assay was applied to numerous unidentified Pseudo-nitzschia strains isolated from the northwestern Adriatic Sea (Mediterranean Sea), and it was able to detect and discriminate three distinct Pseudo-nitzschia taxa from unidentified samples. Moreover, the species-specific identification of Pseudo-nitzschia isolates by the HRM assay was consistent with phylogenetic analyses. The HRM assay was specific, robust and rapid when applied to high numbers of cultured samples in order to taxonomically identify Pseudo-nitzschia isolates recovered from environmental samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Pugliese
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino, Viale Trieste 296, 61121, Pesaro, Italy
| | - Silvia Casabianca
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino, Viale Trieste 296, 61121, Pesaro, Italy.,Conisma, Consorzio Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare, Pz. Flaminio 9, 00196, Rome, Italy
| | - Federico Perini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino, Viale Trieste 296, 61121, Pesaro, Italy
| | - Francesca Andreoni
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino, Viale Trieste 296, 61121, Pesaro, Italy
| | - Antonella Penna
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino, Viale Trieste 296, 61121, Pesaro, Italy. .,Conisma, Consorzio Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare, Pz. Flaminio 9, 00196, Rome, Italy. .,CNR-Institute of Marine Sciences (ISMAR), Largo Fiera della Pesca, 60125, Ancona, Italy.
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23
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Kim JH, Kim JH, Park BS, Wang P, Patidar SK, Han MS. Development of a qPCR assay for tracking the ecological niches of genetic sub-populations within Pseudo-nitzschia pungens (Bacillariophyceae). HARMFUL ALGAE 2017; 63:68-78. [PMID: 28366401 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2016.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Three genetic sub-populations (clade I, II and III) of Pseudo-nitzschia pungens, the potential toxic marine diatom, are known to have distinguishable growth characteristics under different culture conditions and distinct distributed patterns in the world. However, to date their exact eco-physiological traits are unrevealed in fields due to lack of the method to detect and/or measure abundances of each sub-populations, hence, the qPCR (quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction) assay was developed to detect and quantify the P. pungens cells of each clade. Designed two specific primer sets, Pcla12F/R (for clade I and II) and Pcla3F/R (for clade III) only could amplify each target genomic DNA. The, significant linear relationships (R2>0.998) was established between Ct (threshold cycle) value and the log of cell abundance for each clade. Through the melting curve analysis, comparisons for gene copy numbers among the three clades and spike test for field study, our qPCR assay was reliable to quantify the cell numbers of each clade. There was strong linear correlation (R2>0.990) between cell abundances as estimated by qPCR assay and direct counting via light microscope in spike test, and 0.24 (clade I), 0.25 (clade II) and 0.33 (clade III) P. pungens cells per mL were detected markedly upon the use of specific two-primer set. Finally, developed qPCR assay was applied on field samples successfully. Our study implicate that our qPCR assay is an accurate and sensitive technique to estimate the cell abundances of each clade of P. pungens in field works.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Ho Kim
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, South Korea
| | - Joo-Hwan Kim
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, South Korea
| | - Bum Soo Park
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, South Korea
| | - Pengbin Wang
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, South Korea
| | - Shailesh Kumar Patidar
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, South Korea
| | - Myung-Soo Han
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, South Korea; Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, South Korea.
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24
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Markowitz KN, Williams JD, Krause MK. Development of quantitative PCR assay for detection of the trematode parasite Proctoeces maculatus in the blue mussel Mytilus edulis. DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS 2016; 122:125-136. [PMID: 28000603 DOI: 10.3354/dao03072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The digenean trematode Proctoeces maculatus is an important parasite of the blue mussel Mytilus edulis. The parasite reduces mussel quality and yield, negatively impacting mussel aquaculture efforts. Typically, the trematode is detected by visual observation. To provide a better diagnostic tool able to detect this parasite at any life stage and at low intensities, we designed a species-specific molecular assay to detect P. maculatus in M. edulis tissue. Primers targeting the 18S nuclear ribosomal DNA (rDNA) from P. maculatus were used to develop an end-point polymerase chain reaction assay and a quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay. Analytical specificity of the assays was demonstrated using DNA from 4 other digenean trematodes. The qPCR assay was linear from 6.79 × 102 to 6.79 × 107 copies of the cloned target DNA and had a conservative detection limit of 68 copies. The qPCR assay detected single cercariae, and the number of isolated cercariae was linearly correlated with the threshold cycle (CT). Diagnostic sensitivity of the PCR-based methods was 100%. The assays also detected the parasite in 6 additional samples from the 57 tested through microscopy. We used the assays to verify the presence of encapsulated sporocysts in the mantle and to document infected mussels from Dover, New Hampshire, extending the previously described northern range of the species. Thus, this work has important implications for detection of the parasite in aquaculture and in monitoring its potential spread with climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly N Markowitz
- Department of Biology, Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY 11549-1140, USA
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25
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Guallar C, Delgado M, Diogène J, Fernández-Tejedor M. Artificial neural network approach to population dynamics of harmful algal blooms in Alfacs Bay (NW Mediterranean): Case studies of Karlodinium and Pseudo-nitzschia. Ecol Modell 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2016.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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26
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Carnicer O, García-Altares M, Andree KB, Tartaglione L, Dell'Aversano C, Ciminiello P, de la Iglesia P, Diogène J, Fernández-Tejedor M. Ostreopsis cf. ovata from western Mediterranean Sea: Physiological responses under different temperature and salinity conditions. HARMFUL ALGAE 2016; 57:98-108. [PMID: 30170726 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2016.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Revised: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The dinoflagellate Ostreopsis cf. ovata proliferates seasonally in the Mediterranean Sea, producing palytoxin-like compounds (ovatoxins) which are considered among the most potent marine toxins. Blooms have been related to several toxic events in which respiratory problems in humans and mortality of benthic marine organisms have been observed. In the coming decades, an increase in temperature and salinity is predicted in the Mediterranean Sea as a consequence of global warming that may provoke alterations in the dynamics of marine microorganisms. In this study, the physiological effects of changes in water temperature and salinity were analyzed, and their interaction through a multi-factorial experiment using two strains of O. cf. ovata in culture that had been isolated from the western Mediterranean Sea. In order to perform an accurate and reliable estimation of cell abundance, hydrochloric acid and sodium-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid treatments were evaluated for the purpose of disaggregating cell clumps, with the former providing lower counting errors, especially after the stationary phase. Results of the physiological study showed that growth was inhibited at 19°C for all salinities. The highest growth rates were registered at 24°C for both strains (0.48±0.05divday-1), and a significant variability in growth rate was found among salinities at 24°C and 28°C. Two groups were distinguished by cell size in all high temperature conditions and a positive correlation was found between the amount of small cells and growth rate. The concentration of palytoxin-like compounds in the cultures increased with time and significantly higher amounts of toxin were found at 28°C in comparison to 24°C. The results suggest that climate change may not affect intensity of blooms, but their toxicity may be enhanced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Carnicer
- IRTA, Carretera de Poble Nou, Km 5.5, 43540 Sant Carles de la Ràpita, Spain
| | | | - Karl B Andree
- IRTA, Carretera de Poble Nou, Km 5.5, 43540 Sant Carles de la Ràpita, Spain
| | - Luciana Tartaglione
- Dipartimento di Chimica delle Sostanze Naturali, Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Carmela Dell'Aversano
- Dipartimento di Chimica delle Sostanze Naturali, Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Patrizia Ciminiello
- Dipartimento di Chimica delle Sostanze Naturali, Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | | | - Jorge Diogène
- IRTA, Carretera de Poble Nou, Km 5.5, 43540 Sant Carles de la Ràpita, Spain
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Busch JA, Andree KB, Diogène J, Fernández-Tejedor M, Toebe K, John U, Krock B, Tillmann U, Cembella AD. Toxigenic algae and associated phycotoxins in two coastal embayments in the Ebro Delta (NW Mediterranean). HARMFUL ALGAE 2016; 55:191-201. [PMID: 28073532 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2016.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Revised: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Harmful Algal Bloom (HAB) surveillance is complicated by high diversity of species and associated phycotoxins. Such species-level information on taxonomic affiliations and on cell abundance and toxin content is, however, crucial for effective monitoring, especially of aquaculture and fisheries areas. The aim addressed in this study was to determine putative HAB taxa and related phycotoxins in plankton from aquaculture sites in the Ebro Delta, NW Mediterranean. The comparative geographical distribution of potentially harmful plankton taxa was established by weekly field sampling throughout the water column during late spring-early summer over two years at key stations in Alfacs and Fangar embayments within the Ebro Delta. Core results included not only confirmed identification of HAB taxa that are common for the time period and geographical area, but also provided evidence of potentially new taxa. At least 25 HAB taxa were identified to species level, and an additional six genera were confirmed, by morphological criteria under light microscopy and/or by molecular genetics approaches involving qPCR and next generation DNA pyrosequencing. In particular, new insights were gained by the inclusion of molecular techniques, which focused attention on the HAB genera Alexandrium, Karlodinium, and Pseudo-nitzschia. Noteworthy is the discovery of Azadinium sp., a potentially new HAB species for this area, and Gymnodinium catenatum or Gymnodinium impudicum by means of light microscopy. In addition, significant amounts of the neurotoxin domoic acid (DA) were found for the first time in phytoplankton samples in the Ebro Delta. While the presence of the known DA-producing diatom genus Pseudo-nitzschia was confirmed in corresponding samples, the maximal toxin concentration did not coincide with highest cell abundances of the genus and the responsible species could not be identified. Combined findings of microscopic and molecular detection approaches underline the need for a synoptic strategy for HAB monitoring, which integrates the respective advantages and compensates for limitations of individual methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia A Busch
- University of Oldenburg, Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, 26111 Oldenburg, Germany; Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany.
| | - Karl B Andree
- IRTA, Ctra Poble Nou km 5,5, 43540 Sant Carles de la Rapita, Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Jorge Diogène
- IRTA, Ctra Poble Nou km 5,5, 43540 Sant Carles de la Rapita, Tarragona, Spain.
| | | | - Kerstin Toebe
- Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany.
| | - Uwe John
- Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany.
| | - Bernd Krock
- Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany.
| | - Urban Tillmann
- Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany.
| | - Allan D Cembella
- Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany.
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Carnicer O, Guallar C, Andree KB, Diogène J, Fernández-Tejedor M. Ostreopsis cf. ovata dynamics in the NW Mediterranean Sea in relation to biotic and abiotic factors. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2015; 143:89-99. [PMID: 26365038 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2015.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Revised: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
An expansion of the distribution of Ostreopsis cf. ovata, a dinoflagellate which produces palytoxin-like compounds, has been reported in recent years. Economical and social interests are affected by blooms, as they are responsible for respiratory and skin problems in humans and may cause damage to marine organisms. In order to identify the most influential environmental factors that trigger proliferations of O. cf. ovata in the area of the adjacent shallow rocky coast of the Ebro Delta (NW Mediterranean Sea) a three-year survey was performed on the metaphytic microalgae community growing on the macrophytes Jania rubens and Corallina elongata. Small-size diatoms were more abundant than dinoflagellates; O. cf. ovata was identified as the only species present from the genus. Seawater temperature was the primary driver defining the ecological niche of O. cf. ovata. Freshwater and groundwater fluxes were more pronounced in southern than in northern sites, which may have resulted in a distinct O. cf. ovata spatial distribution, with the highest records of abundance and more frequent blooms in the north. In consequence, negative correlations between the abundance of O. cf. ovata and nitrate concentrations and significant positive correlation with salinity were observed. The temporal pattern of O. cf. ovata dynamics from mid-July to early-November is probably due to the fact that this species is observed only above a certain threshold temperature of seawater. Metaphytic cells of O. cf. ovata were smaller in the northern site than in the south, possibly as a result of an increase in cell division, coinciding with higher abundance, and this could be an indicator of favorable conditions. Toxicity in planktonic cells was negatively correlated with cell abundance in the water column, achieving maximum concentrations of 25pg. PLTX eqcell(-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Carnicer
- IRTA, Carretera de Poble Nou, km 5.5, 43540 Sant Carles de la Ràpita, Spain
| | - Carles Guallar
- IRTA, Carretera de Poble Nou, km 5.5, 43540 Sant Carles de la Ràpita, Spain; IFREMER, DYNECO-PELAGOS Centre de Brest, Pointe du Diable BP70, 29280 Plouzane, France
| | - Karl B Andree
- IRTA, Carretera de Poble Nou, km 5.5, 43540 Sant Carles de la Ràpita, Spain
| | - Jorge Diogène
- IRTA, Carretera de Poble Nou, km 5.5, 43540 Sant Carles de la Ràpita, Spain
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Noyer C, Abot A, Trouilh L, Leberre VA, Dreanno C. Phytochip: development of a DNA-microarray for rapid and accurate identification of Pseudo-nitzschia spp and other harmful algal species. J Microbiol Methods 2015; 112:55-66. [PMID: 25765159 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2015.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Revised: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Detection of harmful algal blooms has become a challenging concern because of the direct impacts on public health and economy. The identification of toxic dinoflagellates and diatoms in monitoring programs requires an extensive taxonomic expertise and is time consuming. Advances in molecular biology have allowed the development of new approaches, more rapid, accurate and cost-effective for detecting these microorganisms. In this context, we developed a new DNA microarray (called, Phytochip) for the simultaneous detection of multiple HAB species with a particular emphasis on Pseudo-nitzschia species. Oligonucleotide probes were designed along the rRNA operon. After DNA extraction, the target rDNA genes were amplified and labeled using an asymmetric PCR; then, the amplicons were hybridized to the oligonucleotide probes present on the chips. The total assay from seawater sampling to data acquisition can be performed within a working day. Specificity and sensitivity were assessed by using monoclonal cultures, mixtures of species and field samples spiked with a known amount of cultured cells. The Phytochip with its 81 validated oligonucleotide probes was able to detect 12 species of Pseudo-nitzschia and 11 species of dinoflagellates among which were 3 species of Karenia and 3 species of Alexandrium. The Phytochip was applied to environmental samples already characterized by light microscopy and cloned into DNA libraries. The hybridizations on the Phytochip were in good agreement with the sequences retrieved from the clone libraries and the microscopic observations. The Phytochip enables a reliable multiplex detection of phytoplankton and can assist a water quality monitoring program as well as more general ecological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Noyer
- IFREMER, Centre Bretagne, Laboratoire Detections, Capteurs et Mesures, F-29280 Plouzané, France; Université de Toulouse, INSA, UPS, INP, LISBP, F-31077 Toulouse, France; INRA, UMR792, Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés, F-31400 Toulouse, France; CNRS, UMR5504, F-31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Anne Abot
- Université de Toulouse, INSA, UPS, INP, LISBP, F-31077 Toulouse, France; INRA, UMR792, Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés, F-31400 Toulouse, France; CNRS, UMR5504, F-31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Lidwine Trouilh
- Université de Toulouse, INSA, UPS, INP, LISBP, F-31077 Toulouse, France; INRA, UMR792, Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés, F-31400 Toulouse, France; CNRS, UMR5504, F-31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Véronique Anton Leberre
- Université de Toulouse, INSA, UPS, INP, LISBP, F-31077 Toulouse, France; INRA, UMR792, Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés, F-31400 Toulouse, France; CNRS, UMR5504, F-31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Catherine Dreanno
- IFREMER, Centre Bretagne, Laboratoire Detections, Capteurs et Mesures, F-29280 Plouzané, France.
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The novel ovatoxin-g and isobaric palytoxin (so far referred to as putative palytoxin) from Ostreopsis cf. ovata (NW Mediterranean Sea): structural insights by LC-high resolution MSn. Anal Bioanal Chem 2014; 407:1191-204. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-014-8338-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Revised: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Approaches for the detection of harmful algal blooms using oligonucleotide interactions. Anal Bioanal Chem 2014; 407:95-116. [PMID: 25381608 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-014-8193-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Revised: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Blooms of microscopic algae in our waterways are becoming an increasingly important environmental concern. Many are sources of harmful biotoxins that can lead to death in humans, marine life and birds. Additionally, their biomass can cause damage to ecosystems such as oxygen depletion, displacement of species and habitat alteration. Globally, the number and frequency of harmful algal blooms has increased over the last few decades, and monitoring and detection strategies have become essential for managing these events. This review discusses developments in the use of oligonucleotide-based 'molecular probes' for the selective monitoring of algal cell numbers. Specifically, hybridisation techniques will be a focus.
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Barra L, Ruggiero MV, Chen J, Kooistra WHCF. Specificity of LSU rRNA-targeted oligonucleotide probes for Pseudo-nitzschia species tested through dot-blot hybridisation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 21:548-557. [PMID: 23812792 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-013-1953-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In the scope of the development of a microarray PhyloChip for the detection of toxic phytoplankton species, we designed a large series of probes specific against targets in the nuclear large subunit (LSU) rRNA of a range of Pseudo-nitzschia species and spotted these onto the microarray. Hybridisation with rRNA extracted from monoclonal cultures and from plankton samples revealed many cross-reactions. In the present work, we tested the functionality and specificity of 23 of these probes designed against ten of the species, using a dot-blot procedure. In this case, probe specificity is tested against the target region in PCR products of the LSU rRNA gene marker region blotted on nitrocellulose filters. Each filter was incubated with a species-specific oligoprobe. Eleven of the tested probes showed specific responses, identifying seven Pseudo-nitzschia species. The other probes showed non-specific responses or did not respond at all. Results of dot-blot hybridisations are more specific than those obtained with the microarray approach and the possible reasons for this are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Barra
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121, Naples, Italy
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Taylor JD, Berzano M, Percy L, Lewis J. Evaluation of the MIDTAL microarray chip for monitoring toxic microalgae in the Orkney Islands, U.K. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 20:6765-6777. [PMID: 23292222 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-012-1393-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2012] [Accepted: 11/30/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Harmful or nuisance algal blooms can cause economic damage to fisheries and tourism. Additionally, toxins produced by harmful algae and ingested via contaminated shellfish can be potentially fatal to humans. The seas around the Orkney Islands, UK currently hold a number of toxic algal species which cause shellfishery closures in most years. Extensive and costly monitoring programs are carried out to detect harmful microalgae before they reach action levels. However, the ability to distinguish between toxic and non-toxic strains of some algae is not possible using these methods. The microarrays for the detection of toxic algae (MIDTAL) microarray contains rRNA probes for toxic algal species/strains which have been adapted and optimized for microarray use. In order to investigate the use of the chip for monitoring in the Orkney Islands, samples were collected between 2009 and 2011 from Brings Deep, Scapa Flow, Orkney Islands, UK; RNA was extracted and hybridized with generation 2 and 3.1 of the chip. The data were then compared to cell counts performed under light microscopy and in the case of Alexandrium tamarense to qPCR data targeting the saxitoxin gene and the LSU-rRNA gene. A good agreement between cell numbers and microarray signal was found for A. tamarense, Pseudo-nitzschia sp., Dinophysis sp. (r<0.5, for all) in addition to this there the chip successfully detected a large bloom of Karenia mikimotoi (r<0.70) in August and September 2011. Overall, there was good improvement in probe signal between generation 2 and generation 3.1 of the chip with much less variability and more consistent results and better correlation between the probes. The chip performed well for A. tamarense group I signal to cell numbers in calibrations (r>0.9). However, in field samples, this correlation was slightly lower suggesting interactions between all species in the sample may affect signal. Overall, the chip showed it could identify the presence of target species in field samples although some work is needed to improve the quantitative nature of the chip before it would be suitable for monitoring in the Orkney Islands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe D Taylor
- School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, 115 New Cavendish Street, London, W1W 6UW, UK
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Barra L, Ruggiero MV, Sarno D, Montresor M, Kooistra WHCF. Strengths and weaknesses of microarray approaches to detect Pseudo-nitzschia species in the field. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 20:6705-6718. [PMID: 24065245 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-012-1330-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2012] [Accepted: 11/12/2012] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The planktonic diatom genus Pseudo-nitzschia contains several genetically closely related species. Some of these can produce domoic acid, a potent neurotoxin. Thus, monitoring programs are needed to screen for the presence of these toxic species. Unfortunately, many are impossible to distinguish using light microscopy. Therefore, we assessed the applicability of microarray technology for detection of toxic and non-toxic Pseudo-nitzschia species in the Gulf of Naples (Mediterranean Sea). Here, 11 species have been detected, of which at least 5 are potentially toxic. A total of 49 genus- and species-specific DNA probes were designed in silico against the nuclear LSU and SSU rRNA of 19 species, and spotted on the microarray. The microarray was tested against total RNA of monoclonal cultures of eight species. Only three of the probes designed to be species-specific were indeed so within the limits of our experimental design. To assess the effectiveness of the microarray in detecting Pseudo-nitzschia species in environmental samples, we hybridized total RNA extracted from 11 seasonal plankton samples against microarray slides and compared the observed pattern with plankton counts in light microscopy and with expected hybridization patterns obtained with monoclonal cultures of the observed species. Presence of species in field samples generally resulted in signal patterns on the microarray as observed with RNA extracted from cultures of these species, but many a-specific signals appeared as well. Possible reasons for the numerous cross reactions are discussed. Calibration curves for Pseudo-nitzschia multistriata showed linear relationship between signal strength and cell number.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Barra
- Laboratory of Ecology and Evolution of Plankton, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale I, 80121, Naples, Italy
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Penna A, Galluzzi L. The quantitative real-time PCR applications in the monitoring of marine harmful algal bloom (HAB) species. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 20:6851-62. [PMID: 23247526 PMCID: PMC3782655 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-012-1377-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2012] [Accepted: 11/29/2012] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
In the last decade, various molecular methods (e.g., fluorescent hybridization assay, sandwich hybridization assay, automatized biosensor detection, real-time PCR assay) have been developed and implemented for accurate and specific identification and estimation of marine toxic microalgal species. This review focuses on the recent quantitative real-time PCR (qrt-PCR) technology developed for the control and monitoring of the most important taxonomic phytoplankton groups producing biotoxins with relevant negative impact on human health, the marine environment, and related economic activities. The high specificity and sensitivity of the qrt-PCR methods determined by the adequate choice of the genomic target gene, nucleic acid purification protocol, quantification through the standard curve, and type of chemical detection method make them highly efficient and therefore applicable to harmful algal bloom phenomena. Recent development of qrt-PCR-based assays using the target gene of toxins, such as saxitoxin compounds, has allowed more precise quantification of toxigenic species (i.e., Alexandrium catenella) abundance. These studies focus only on toxin-producing species in the marine environment. Therefore, qrt-PCR technology seems to offer the advantages of understanding the ecology of harmful algal bloom species and facilitating the management of their outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Penna
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino, Viale Trieste 296, Pesaro, Italy,
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Giménez Papiol G, Casanova A, Fernández-Tejedor M, de la Iglesia P, Diogène J. Management of domoic acid monitoring in shellfish from the Catalan coast. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2013; 185:6653-6666. [PMID: 23275095 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-012-3054-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring of amnesic shellfish poisoning (ASP) toxins in shellfish from the Catalan coast started in 2001. No ASP toxins were detected in any of the analyses performed before 2008. On 22 January 2008, domoic acid (DA) was detected in Donax trunculus (0.5 mg kg(-1)) and confirmed by rapid resolution liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (0.6 mg kg(-1)). A total of 974 shellfish samples were analyzed from January 2008 to December 2011, covering all the Catalan production areas and the most important marketed species. DA was detected in 23.8 % of the samples and was recorded every month in all areas and all species, except Ostrea edulis, although the percentage of samples with DA and DA content varied widely among samples. DA exceeded the regulatory level of 20 mg kg(-1) twice: in Callista chione sampled on February 2008 and in D. trunculus sampled on April 2010. DA content in Bolinus brandaris appeared constant and close to 4.5 mg kg(-1) for months in 2009. Mytilus galloprovincialis, Crassostrea gigas, and Ruditapes sp. presented very low concentrations of DA in the Ebro Delta bays, despite 113 alert situations according to Pseudo-nitzschia spp. abundances and the high number of shellfish samples analyzed. The origin of DA in Catalan shellfish remains unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Giménez Papiol
- Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentaries (IRTA), Ctra. Poble Nou Km. 5.5, 43540, Sant Carles de la Rapita, Tarragona, Spain.
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Caron DA. Towards a Molecular Taxonomy for Protists: Benefits, Risks, and Applications in Plankton Ecology. J Eukaryot Microbiol 2013; 60:407-13. [DOI: 10.1111/jeu.12044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Accepted: 03/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David A. Caron
- Department of Biological Sciences; University of Southern California; Los Angeles California
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Ebenezer V, Medlin LK, Ki JS. Molecular detection, quantification, and diversity evaluation of microalgae. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2012; 14:129-142. [PMID: 22200918 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-011-9427-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2011] [Accepted: 12/02/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
This study reviews the available molecular methods and new high-throughput technologies for their practical use in the molecular detection, quantification, and diversity assessment of microalgae. Molecular methods applied to other groups of organisms can be adopted for microalgal studies because they generally detect universal biomolecules, such as nucleic acids or proteins. These methods are primarily related to species detection and discrimination among various microalgae. Among current molecular methods, some molecular tools are highly valuable for small-scale detection [e.g., single-cell polymerase chain reaction (PCR), quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR), and biosensors], whereas others are more useful for large-scale, high-throughput detection [e.g., terminal restriction length polymorphism, isothermal nucleic acid sequence-based amplification, loop-mediated isothermal amplification, microarray, and next generation sequencing (NGS) techniques]. Each molecular technique has its own strengths in detecting microalgae, but they may sometimes have limitations in terms of detection of other organisms. Among current technologies, qPCR may be considered the best method for molecular quantification of microalgae. Metagenomic microalgal diversity can easily be achieved by 454 pyrosequencing rather than by the clone library method. Current NGS, third and fourth generation technologies pave the way for the high-throughput detection and quantification of microalgal diversity, and have significant potential for future use in field monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinitha Ebenezer
- Department of Green Life Science, College of Convergence, Sangmyung University, Seoul 110-743, South Korea
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