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Ma X, Crespo Tapia N, Koomen J, van Mastrigt O, Zwietering MH, Den Besten HMW, Abee T. Activation of a silent lactose utilization pathway in an evolved Listeria monocytogenes F2365 outbreak isolate. Food Res Int 2024; 189:114554. [PMID: 38876592 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes, a widespread food-borne pathogen, utilizes diverse growth substrates including mono- and di-saccharides via PEP-phosphotransferase (PTS) systems. We evaluated a collection of L. monocytogenes isolates of different origins for their ability to utilize lactose, a disaccharide composed of galactose and glucose and the main carbon source in milk and dairy products. Notably, the dairy-associated outbreak strain F2365 could not utilize lactose efficiently, conceivably due to a frameshift mutation (lacR887del) resulting in a truncated LacR. Transcriptional activator LacR is involved in the expression of two PTS systems, encoded by the lpo operon lmo1718-1720 in combination with lmo2708 and the lmo2683-2685 operon, and linked to lactose and/or cellobiose metabolism in L. monocytogenes. Via experimental evolution of the ancestral strain F2365, an evolved isolate F2365 EV was obtained which showed enhanced growth and metabolism of lactose. Using the lactose-positive model strain L. monocytogenes EGDe as a control, HPLC experiments showed that EGDe and F2365 EV could consume lactose and utilize the glucose moiety, while the galactose moiety was exported from the cells. Genome sequencing of F2365 EV found the original lacR887del mutation was still present but an additional point mutation lmo2766C415T had occurred, resulting in an amino acid substitution in the putative regulator Lmo2766. The lmo2766 gene is located next to operon lmo2761-2765 with putative PTS genes in the genome. Notably, comparative RNAseq analysis confirmed that the lmo2761-2765 operon was strongly upregulated in F2365 EV in the presence of lactose but not in EGDe and F2365. Conversely, the LacR-regulated lpo operon, lmo2708, and lmo2683-2685 operon were only upregulated in EGDe. Additional growth and HPLC experiments, using mutants constructed in lactose-positive L. monocytogenes EGDe, showed reduced growth of the EGDe lacR887del mutant with no utilization of lactose, while the double mutant EGDe lacR887dellmo2766C415T showed enhanced growth and lactose utilization. Hence, these results demonstrate that an amino acid substitution in the Lmo2766 regulator activates a previously silent lactose utilization pathway encoded by PTS operon lmo2761-2765, facilitating the growth and metabolism of L. monocytogenes with lactose as a substrate. This finding enhances our understanding of the metabolic capabilities and adaptability of L. monocytogenes, offering a broader view of the lactose utilization capacity of this pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuchuan Ma
- Food Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Natalia Crespo Tapia
- Food Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Koomen
- Food Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Oscar van Mastrigt
- Food Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel H Zwietering
- Food Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Heidy M W Den Besten
- Food Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Tjakko Abee
- Food Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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Bolten S, Ralyea RD, Lott TT, Orsi RH, Martin NH, Wiedmann M, Trmcic A. Utilizing whole genome sequencing to characterize Listeria spp. persistence and transmission patterns in a farmstead dairy processing facility and its associated farm environment. J Dairy Sci 2024:S0022-0302(24)00995-0. [PMID: 39004131 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2024-24789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Farmstead dairy processing facilities may be particularly susceptible to Listeria spp. contamination due to the close physical proximity of their processing environments (PE) to associated dairy farm environments (FE). In this case study, we supported the implementation of interventions focused on improving (i) cleaning and sanitation efficacy, (ii) hygienic zoning, and (iii) sanitary equipment/facility design and maintenance in a farmstead dairy processing facility, and evaluated their impact on Listeria spp. detection in the farmstead's PE over 1 year. Detection of Listeria spp. in the farmstead's PE was numerically reduced from 50% to 7.5% after 1 year of intervention implementation, suggesting that these interventions were effective at improving Listeria spp. control. In addition, environmental samples were also collected from the farmstead's FE to evaluate the risk of the FE as a potential source of Listeria spp. in the PE. Overall, detection of Listeria spp. was higher in samples collected from the FE (75%, 27/36) compared with samples collected from the PE (24%, 29/120). Whole genome sequencing (WGS) performed on select isolates collected from the PE and FE supported the identification of 6 clusters (range of 3 to 15 isolates per cluster) that showed ≤ 50 high quality single nucleotide polymorphism (hqSNP) differences. Of these 6 clusters, 3 (i.e., clusters 2, 4, and 5) contained isolates that were collected from both the PE and FE, suggesting that transmission between these 2 environments was likely. Moreover, all cluster 2 isolates represented a clonal complex (CC) of L. monocytogenes commonly associated with dairy farm environmental reservoirs (i.e., CC666), which may support that the farmstead's FE represented an upstream source of the cluster 2 isolates that were found in the PE. Overall, our data underscore that, while the FE can represent a potential upstream source of Listeria spp. contamination in a farmstead dairy processing facility, implementation of targeted interventions can help effectively minimize Listeria spp. contamination in the PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Bolten
- Milk Quality Improvement Program, Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853; Food Safety Laboratory, Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853
| | - Robert D Ralyea
- Milk Quality Improvement Program, Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853
| | - Timothy T Lott
- Milk Quality Improvement Program, Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853
| | - Renato H Orsi
- Food Safety Laboratory, Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853
| | - Nicole H Martin
- Milk Quality Improvement Program, Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853
| | - Martin Wiedmann
- Food Safety Laboratory, Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853
| | - Aljosa Trmcic
- Milk Quality Improvement Program, Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853.
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Sotohy SA, Elnaker YF, Omar AM, Alm Eldin NK, Diab MS. Prevalence, antibiogram and molecular characterization of Listeria monocytogenes from ruminants and humans in New Valley and Beheira Governorates, Egypt. BMC Vet Res 2024; 20:297. [PMID: 38971767 PMCID: PMC11227151 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-04138-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Listeriosis is a global health threat to both animals and humans, especially in developing countries. This study was designed to isolate Listeria monocytogenes from faeces; environmental samples; and cow, sheep and goat milk, as well as human stool, to study its molecular characteristics and antibiotic sensitivity in the New Valley and Beheira Governorates, Egypt. The isolation and identification of L. monocytogenes were carried out using traditional culture and biochemical methods, followed by antibiography, genus confirmation of some isolates and detection and sequencing of InlB genes via PCR. RESULTS Out of 2097 examined samples, the prevalence of L. monocytogenes was 13.4% in animals; the prevalence was 9.2%, 2.4%, 25.4%, 4%, 42.4%, and 6.4% in cattle faeces, cattle milk, sheep faeces, sheep milk, goat faeces, and goat milk, respectively. However, the prevalence of L. monocytogenes was 8.3% in human samples. Both animal and human isolates showed 100% resistance to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and the isolates showed the highest sensitivity to flumequine (100%), amikacin (99.2%), gentamicin (97.6%), and levofloxacin (94.6%). Multidrug resistance (MDR) was detected in 86.9% of the tested isolates. The 16 S rRNA and inlB genes were detected in 100% of the randomly selected L. monocytogenes isolates. Phylogenetic analysis of three isolates based on the inlB gene showed 100% identity between faecal, milk and human stool isolates. CONCLUSIONS Faeces and milk are major sources of listeriosis, and the high degree of genetic similarity between animal and human isolates suggests the possibility of zoonotic circulation. The high prevalence of MDR L. monocytogenes in both animal and human samples could negatively impact the success of prevention and treatments for animal and human diseases, thereby imposing serious risks to public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sotohy A Sotohy
- Department of Animal, Poultry and Environmental Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Asyut, 71515, Egypt
| | - Yasser F Elnaker
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, New Valley University, El-Kharga, 1062001, New Valley, Egypt
| | - Aya M Omar
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, New Valley University, El-Kharga, 1062001, New Valley, Egypt
| | - Nehal K Alm Eldin
- Department of Animal Hygiene and Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, New Valley University, Kharga Oasis, 1062001, New Valley, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Said Diab
- Department of Animal Hygiene and Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, New Valley University, Kharga Oasis, 1062001, New Valley, Egypt.
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Brown SRB, Bland R, McIntyre L, Shyng S, Weisberg AJ, Riutta ER, Chang JH, Kovacevic J. Genomic characterization of Listeria monocytogenes recovered from dairy facilities in British Columbia, Canada from 2007 to 2017. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1304734. [PMID: 38585707 PMCID: PMC10995413 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1304734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a foodborne pathogen of concern in dairy processing facilities, with the potential to cause human illness and trigger regulatory actions if found in the product. Monitoring for Listeria spp. through environmental sampling is recommended to prevent establishment of these microorganisms in dairy processing environments, thereby reducing the risk of product contamination. To inform on L. monocytogenes diversity and transmission, we analyzed genome sequences of L. monocytogenes strains (n = 88) obtained through the British Columbia Dairy Inspection Program. Strains were recovered from five different dairy processing facilities over a 10 year period (2007-2017). Analysis of whole genome sequences (WGS) grouped the isolates into nine sequence types and 11 cgMLST types (CT). The majority of isolates (93%) belonged to lineage II. Within each CT, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) differences ranged from 0 to 237 between isolates. A highly similar (0-16 SNPs) cluster of over 60 isolates, collected over 9 years within one facility (#71), was identified suggesting a possible persistent population. Analyses of genome content revealed a low frequency of genes associated with stress tolerance, with the exception of widely disseminated cadmium resistance genes cadA1 and cadA2. The distribution of virulence genes and mutations within internalin genes varied across the isolates and facilities. Further studies are needed to elucidate their phenotypic effect on pathogenicity and stress response. These findings demonstrate the diversity of L. monocytogenes isolates across dairy facilities in the same region. Findings also showed the utility of using WGS to discern potential persistence events within a single facility over time.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rebecca Bland
- Food Innovation Center, Oregon State University, Portland, OR, United States
| | | | - Sion Shyng
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Alexandra J. Weisberg
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Elizabeth R. Riutta
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Jeff H. Chang
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Jovana Kovacevic
- Food Innovation Center, Oregon State University, Portland, OR, United States
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Erol Z, Taşçı F. Investigation of the seasonal prevalence, phenotypic, and genotypic characteristics of Listeria monocytogenes in slaughterhouses in Burdur. J Appl Microbiol 2024; 135:lxae056. [PMID: 38460954 DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxae056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
AIM This study examined Listeria monocytogenes isolates from two slaughterhouses in Burdur province, southern Turkey, over four seasons for antibiotic resistance, serogroups, virulence genes, in vitro biofilm forming capacity, and genetic relatedness. METHODS AND RESULTS Carcass (540) and environment-equipment surface (180) samples were collected from two slaughterhouses (S1, S2) for 1 year (4 samplings). Of the 89 (12.4%) positive isolates, 48 (53.9%) were from animal carcasses, and 41 (46.1%) from the environment-equipment surfaces. Autumn was the peak season for Listeria monocytogenes compared to summer and spring (P < 0.05). In addition, the most common serotype between seasons was 1/2c. Except for plcA and luxS genes, all isolates (100%) harbored inlA, inlC, inlJ, hlyA, actA, iap, flaA genes. Listeria monocytogenes isolates were identified as belonging to IIc (1/2c-3c; 68.5%), IVb (4b-4d-4e; 29.2%), and IIa (1/2a-3a; 2.2%) in the screening using multiplex polymerase chain reaction-based serogrouping test. A total of 65 pulsotypes and 13 clusters with at least 80% homology were determined by using pulsed field gel electrophoresis on samples that had been digested with ApaI. Thirty-four (38.2%) of the isolates were not resistant to any of the 14 antibiotics tested. The antibiotic to which the isolates showed the most resistance was rifampicin (44.9%). Serotype 1/2c was the most resistant serotype to antibiotics. Despite having biofilm-associated genes (inlA, inlB, actA, flaA, and luxS), a minority (11%) of isolates formed weak biofilm. CONCLUSION This study revealed seasonal changes prevalence of Listeria monocytogenes, particularly higher in autumn, posing a greater risk of meat contamination. Notably, Serotype 1/2c showed significant prevalence and antibiotic resistance. Indistinguishable isolates indicated cross-contamination, underscoring the importance of prioritized training for slaughterhouse personnel in sanitation and hygiene protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeki Erol
- Veterinary Faculty, Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, 15030 Burdur, Turkey
- Veterinary Faculty, Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Necmettin Erbakan University, 42310 Ereğli/Konya, Turkey
| | - Fulya Taşçı
- Veterinary Faculty, Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, 15030 Burdur, Turkey
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Gana J, Gcebe N, Moerane R, Ngoshe YB, Tshuma T, Moabelo K, Adesiyun AA. A comparative study on the occurrence, genetic characteristics, and factors associated with the distribution of Listeria species on cattle farms and beef abattoirs in Gauteng Province, South Africa. Trop Anim Health Prod 2024; 56:88. [PMID: 38409615 PMCID: PMC10896870 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-024-03934-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
These cross-sectional studies reported the occurrence, genetic characteristics, and factors associated with the distribution of Listeria species on cattle farms and beef abattoirs in Gauteng Province, South Africa. A total of 328 samples (faeces, feeds, silage, and drinking water) were collected from 23 cattle farms (communal, cow-calf, and feedlot), and 262 samples (faeces, carcass swabs, and effluents) from 8 beef abattoirs (low throughput and high throughput) were processed using standard bacteriological and molecular methods to detect Listeria species. The factors associated with the prevalence of Listeria species were investigated, and multiplex polymerase chain reaction (mPCR) was used to determine Listeria species, the pathogenic serogroups, and the carriage of eight virulence-associated genes by Listeria monocytogenes. The overall prevalence of Listeria species in cattle farms was 14.6%, comprising Listeria innocua (11.3%), Listeria monocytogenes (3.4%), Listeria welshimeri (0.0%) compared with 11.1%, comprising Listeria innocua (5.7%), Listeria monocytogenes (4.6%), Listeria welshimeri (0.8%) for beef abattoirs. Of the three variables (area, type of farm/abattoir, and sample type) investigated, only the sample types at abattoirs had a significant (P < 0.001) effect on the prevalence of L. innocua and L. welshimeri. The frequency of distribution of the serogroups based on 11 L. monocytogenes isolated from farms was 72.7% and 27.3% for the serogroup 1/2a-3a and 4b-4d-4e, respectively, while for the 12 L. monocytogenes isolates recovered from abattoirs, it was 25%, 8.3%, 50% and 16.7% for the serogroup 1/2a-3a, 1/2b-3b, 1/2c-3c, and 4b-4d-4e respectively (P < 0.05). All (100%) isolates of L. monocytogenes from the farms and abattoirs were positive for seven virulence genes (hlyA, inlB, plcA, iap, inlA, inlC, and inlJ). The clinical and food safety significance of the findings cannot be ignored.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Gana
- Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, Pretoria, 0110, South Africa
- Department of Agricultural Education, Federal College of Education, P.M.B. 39, Kontagora, Niger State, Nigeria
| | - N Gcebe
- Bacteriology Department, Onderstepoort Veterinary Research, Agricultural Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - R Moerane
- Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, Pretoria, 0110, South Africa
| | - Y B Ngoshe
- Epidemiology Section, Department of Production Animal Studies, Epidemiology Section, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, Pretoria, 0110, South Africa
| | - T Tshuma
- Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, Pretoria, 0110, South Africa
| | - K Moabelo
- Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, Pretoria, 0110, South Africa
| | - A A Adesiyun
- Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, Pretoria, 0110, South Africa.
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago.
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7
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Espí-Malillos A, Palacios-Gorba C, López-Almela I, Ruiz-García P, López-Mendoza MC, García-Del Portillo F, Pucciarelli MG, Quereda JJ. Kinetic and proteomic studies in milk show distinct patterns among major Listeria monocytogenes clones. Microbes Infect 2024:105312. [PMID: 38346664 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2024.105312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes, a contaminant of raw milk, includes hypervirulent clonal complexes (CC) like CC1, CC4, and CC6, highly overrepresented in dairy products when compared to other food types. Whether their higher prevalence in dairy products is the consequence of a growth advantage in this food remains unknown. We examined growth kinetics of five L. monocytogenes isolates (CC1, CC4, CC6, CC9, and CC121) at 37 and 4 °C in ultra-high temperature (UHT) milk and raw milk. At 4 °C, hypovirulent CC9 and CC121 isolates exhibit better growth parameters in UHT milk compared to the hypervirulent CC1, CC4, and CC6 isolates. CC9 isolate in raw milk at 4 °C exhibited the fastest growth and the highest final concentrations. In contrast, hypervirulent isolates (CC1, CC4, and CC6) displayed better growth rates in UHT milk at 37 °C, the mammalian host temperature. Proteomic analysis of representative hyper- (CC1) and hypovirulent (CC9) isolates showed that they respond to milk cues differently with CC-specific traits. Proteins related to metabolism (such as LysA or different phosphotransferase systems), and stress response were upregulated in both isolates during growth in UHT milk. Our results show that there is a Listeria CC-specific and a Listeria CC-common response to the milk environment. These findings shed light on the overrepresentation of hypervirulent L. monocytogenes isolates in dairy products, suggesting that CC1 and CC4 overrepresentation in dairy products made of raw milk may arise from contamination during or after milking at the farm and discard an advantage of hypervirulent isolates in milk products when stored at refrigeration temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Espí-Malillos
- Grupo de investigación Intracellular Pathogens: Biology and Infection, Departamento Producción y Sanidad Animal, Salud Pública Veterinaria y Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Valencia, Spain
| | - Carla Palacios-Gorba
- Grupo de investigación Intracellular Pathogens: Biology and Infection, Departamento Producción y Sanidad Animal, Salud Pública Veterinaria y Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Valencia, Spain
| | - Inmaculada López-Almela
- Grupo de investigación Intracellular Pathogens: Biology and Infection, Departamento Producción y Sanidad Animal, Salud Pública Veterinaria y Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Valencia, Spain
| | - Pilar Ruiz-García
- Departamento Producción y Sanidad Animal, Salud Pública Veterinaria y Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Valencia, Spain
| | - María Carmen López-Mendoza
- Departamento Producción y Sanidad Animal, Salud Pública Veterinaria y Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - M Graciela Pucciarelli
- Laboratory of Intracellular Bacterial Pathogens, National Centre for Biotechnology (CNB)-CSIC, Madrid, Spain; Department of Molecular Biology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Centre of Molecular Biology 'Severo Ochoa' (CBMSO CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan J Quereda
- Grupo de investigación Intracellular Pathogens: Biology and Infection, Departamento Producción y Sanidad Animal, Salud Pública Veterinaria y Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Valencia, Spain.
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8
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El-Sawy YNA, Abdel-Salam AB, Abd-Elhady HM, Abou-Taleb KAA, Ahmed RF. Elimination of detached Listeria monocytogenes from the biofilm on stainless steel surfaces during milk and cheese processing using natural plant extracts. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2288. [PMID: 38280925 PMCID: PMC10821901 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52394-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Bacterial cells can form biofilm on food contact surfaces, becoming a source of food contamination with profound health implications. The current study aimed to determine some Egyptian medicinal plants antibacterial and antibiofilm effects against foodborne bacterial strains in milk plants. Results indicated that four ethanolic plant extracts, Cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum), Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla), Marigold (Calendula officinalis), and Sage (Salvia officinalis), had antibacterial (12.0-26.5 mm of inhibition zone diameter) and antibiofilm (10-99%) activities against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella Typhimurium. The tested extracts had minimum inhibitory concentration values between 0.14 and 2.50 mg/ml and minimum bactericidal concentration values between 0.14 and 12.50 mg/ml. L. monocytogenes was more sensitive for all tested ethanolic extracts; Sage and Cinnamon showed a bacteriocidal effect, while Chamomile and Marigold were bacteriostatic. The ethanolic extracts mixture from Chamomile, Sage, and Cinnamon was chosen for its antibiofilm activity against L. monocytogenes using L-optimal mixture design. Gas chromatography and mass spectrometry analysis showed that this mixture contained 12 chemical compounds, where 2-Propenal,3-phenyl- had the maximum area % (34.82%). At concentrations up to 500 µg/ml, it had no cytotoxicity in the normal Vero cell line, and the IC50 value was 671.76 ± 9.03 µg/ml. Also, this mixture showed the most significant antibacterial effect against detached L. monocytogenes cells from formed biofilm in stainless steel milk tanks. At the same time, white soft cheese fortified with this mixture was significantly accepted overall for the panelist (92.2 ± 2.7) than other cheese samples, including the control group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmine N A El-Sawy
- Agricultural Microbiology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Hadayek Shubra, Cairo, 11241, Egypt
| | - Ayah B Abdel-Salam
- Food Hygiene and Control Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Hemmat M Abd-Elhady
- Agricultural Microbiology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Hadayek Shubra, Cairo, 11241, Egypt
| | - Khadiga A A Abou-Taleb
- Agricultural Microbiology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Hadayek Shubra, Cairo, 11241, Egypt.
| | - Rania F Ahmed
- Agricultural Microbiology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Hadayek Shubra, Cairo, 11241, Egypt
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9
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Giralt-Zúñiga M, Redondo-Solano M, Moura A, Tessaud-Rita N, Bracq-Dieye H, Vales G, Thouvenot P, Leclercq A, Chaves-Ulate C, Núñez-Montero K, Guillén-Watson R, Rivas-Solano O, Chanto-Chacón G, Duarte-Martínez F, Soto-Blanco V, Pizarro-Cerdá J, Lecuit M. Genome-Based Characterization of Listeria monocytogenes, Costa Rica. Emerg Infect Dis 2023; 29:2566-2569. [PMID: 37987595 PMCID: PMC10683821 DOI: 10.3201/eid2912.230774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Genomic data on the foodborne pathogen Listeria monocytogenes from Central America are scarce. We analyzed 92 isolates collected during 2009-2019 from different regions in Costa Rica, compared those to publicly available genomes, and identified unrecognized outbreaks. Our findings suggest mandatory reporting of listeriosis in Costa Rica would improve pathogen surveillance.
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Gana J, Gcebe N, Pierneef RE, Chen Y, Moerane R, Adesiyun AA. Genomic Characterization of Listeria innocua Isolates Recovered from Cattle Farms, Beef Abattoirs, and Retail Outlets in Gauteng Province, South Africa. Pathogens 2023; 12:1062. [PMID: 37624022 PMCID: PMC10457781 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12081062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) was used for the genomic characterization of one hundred and ten strains of Listeria innocua (L. innocua) isolated from twenty-three cattle farms, eight beef abattoirs, and forty-eight retail outlets in Gauteng province, South Africa. In silico multilocus sequence typing (MLST) was used to identify the isolates' sequence types (STs). BLAST-based analyses were used to identify antimicrobial and virulence genes. The study also linked the detection of the genes to the origin (industries and types of samples) of the L. innocua isolates. The study detected 14 STs, 13 resistance genes, and 23 virulence genes. Of the 14 STs detected, ST637 (26.4%), ST448 (20%), 537 (13.6%), and 1085 (12.7%) were predominant, and the frequency varied significantly (p < 0.05). All 110 isolates of L. innocua were carriers of one or more antimicrobial resistance genes, with resistance genes lin (100%), fosX (100%), and tet(M) (30%) being the most frequently detected (p < 0.05). Of the 23 virulence genes recognized, 13 (clpC, clpE, clpP, hbp1, svpA, hbp2, iap/cwhA, lap, lpeA, lplA1, lspA, oatA, pdgA, and prsA2) were found in all 110 isolates of L. innocua. Overall, diversity and significant differences were detected in the frequencies of STs, resistance, and virulence genes according to the origins (source and sample type) of the L. innocua isolates. This, being the first genomic characterization of L. innocua recovered from the three levels/industries (farm, abattoir, and retail) of the beef production system in South Africa, provides data on the organism's distribution and potential food safety implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Gana
- Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa; (J.G.); (R.M.)
- Agricultural Education, Federal College of Education, Kontagora 923101, Nigeria
| | - Nomakorinte Gcebe
- Bacteriology Department, Onderstepoort Veterinary Research, Agricultural Research Council, Pretoria 0110, South Africa;
| | - Rian Ewald Pierneef
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa;
- Centre for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
- Microbiome@UP, Department of Biochemistry, Genetics, and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
| | - Yi Chen
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, US Food and Drug Administration, 5001 Campus Dr. Room 4E-007/Mailstop HFS-710, College Park, MD 20740, USA;
| | - Rebone Moerane
- Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa; (J.G.); (R.M.)
| | - Abiodun Adewale Adesiyun
- Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa; (J.G.); (R.M.)
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine 685509, Trinidad and Tobago
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11
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Minarovičová J, Adriana V, Zuzana K, Andrezál M, Hana D, Eva K. Tracing of persistent Listeria monocytogenes contamination in ewe's milk farm. Lett Appl Microbiol 2023; 76:6988184. [PMID: 36695431 DOI: 10.1093/lambio/ovad006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Ewe's milk farm production is permanently associated with the risk of contamination by pathogenic bacteria, including Listeria monocytogenes. In the present study, the prevalence and diversity of L. monocytogenes strains repeatedly isolated from tank ewe's milk and the milking environment on a farm in Slovakia during a prolonged period were investigated to identify the source of potentially persistent contamination. A total of 140 samples along the milk production chain were collected during an 18-month period. From all these samples, 45 samples were found L. monocytogenes positive with 90.3% positivity of tank milk samples (28 positive samples from 31 analysed). Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis profiling resulted in strain discrimination into six profiles with one pulsotype (NS1) corresponding to MLST-ST14 being predominant. A total of 17 proportionally selected L. monocytogenes isolates, including 11 NS1/ST14 isolates, were subjected to whole genome sequencing. Resulted data were used to compare the genomes diversity and to confirm the persistent contamination when <10 allelic differences threshold in cgMLST analysis was applied. The source of persistent contamination was localized inside the milking apparatus, probably in shelters that were very difficult to clean. Despite great efforts, the ewe's milk contamination could not be eliminated during the reporting period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Minarovičová
- Food Research Institute, National Agricultural and Food Centre, Priemyselná 4, 82475 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Véghová Adriana
- Food Research Institute, National Agricultural and Food Centre, Priemyselná 4, 82475 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Kubicová Zuzana
- State Veterinary and Food Institute, Jánoškova 1611/58, 026 01 Dolný Kubín, Slovakia
| | - Michal Andrezál
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Ilkovičova 6, Mlynská dolina, 84215 Bratislava 4, Slovakia
| | - Drahovská Hana
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Ilkovičova 6, Mlynská dolina, 84215 Bratislava 4, Slovakia.,Science Park, Comenius University, Ilkovičova 6, 84215 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Kaclíková Eva
- Food Research Institute, National Agricultural and Food Centre, Priemyselná 4, 82475 Bratislava, Slovakia
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12
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Matto C, Gianneechini RE, Rodríguez V, Schanzembach MA, Braga V, Mota MI, Rivero R, Varela G. Listeria innocua and serotypes of Listeria monocytogenes isolated from clinical cases in small ruminants in the northwest of Uruguay. PESQUISA VETERINÁRIA BRASILEIRA 2023. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-7174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT: Listeriosis is an infectious disease caused by bacteria of the genus Listeria, the neurological form being more common in ruminants. There are many reports of listeriosis in small ruminants in the region that includes Brazil, Argentina and Uruguay. However, these diagnoses were mainly based on histological lesions in the central nervous system (CNS) without the isolation and characterization of the involved Listeria strains. The aim of this study was to report sheep and goats listeriosis cases from 2016 to 2021 in northwestern Uruguay. The diagnosis was made according to lesions observed at histopathology, plus Listeria isolation in CNS, identifying it at specie and serotype level. Nine animals (n=9) of three outbreaks and five sporadic cases of listeriosis were studied. Sheep was the species with more cases in relation to goats, and adults were the category most affected. Cases occurred in spring and less frequently in winter. All presented neurological clinical signs and the lesions in the CNS were consistent with suppurative meningoencephalitis and micro-abscesses in the brainstem. In eight of nine CNS samples, Listeria strains were isolated (seven L. monocytogenes and one L. innocua). All the L. monocytogenes isolates carried the inlA gene; serotyping showed that four strains belonged to serotype 1/2b, two isolates belonged to serotype 4b, and one to serotype 1/2a. Considering that listeriosis is a common disease in this region and the fact that isolates are scarcely recovered from small ruminants, it would be important to emphasize the need for Listeria isolation to better characterize the strains that affect animals. Not only to improve knowledge about the epidemiology of disease but also with the objective of developing serotype specific vaccines for animal use.
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13
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Amato L, Benedetti G, Di Giuseppe P, Hénaux V, Lailler R, Nordeng Z, Scharffenberg TAZ, Skjerdal T, Cito F. Mapping food surveillance chains through different sectors. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1129851. [PMID: 37143977 PMCID: PMC10151742 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1129851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
European countries are investing in strengthening disease surveillance from a One Health (OH) perspective. During the MATRIX project, in the context of the One Health European Joint Programme, existing surveillance chains across the sectors of animal health, food safety, and public health have been investigated through questionnaires. Provided information has then been selected to be displayed in a single slide using an implemented mapping template. Two real-life scenarios are presented as case studies: the surveillance activities in place in France for Salmonella in the pork meat food chain, and in Norway for Listeria monocytogenes in the dairy food chain. The results collected through the questionnaires and the lessons learnt during the mapping process are reported, to share the advantages and drawbacks of the methodology. Moreover, the presented template could be adjusted and applied to different contexts. Mapping the components of existing disease surveillance systems is a fundamental step in understanding the relationships between its components, and subsequently facilitating their collaboration and integration under a OH approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Amato
- Department of Epidemiology and Risk Analysis, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise, Teramo, Italy
| | - Guido Benedetti
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Prevention, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Paola Di Giuseppe
- Department of Communication, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise, Teramo, Italy
| | - Viviane Hénaux
- Laboratory of Lyon, Epidemiology and Support to Surveillance Unit, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES), Lyon, France
| | - Renaud Lailler
- Laboratory for Food Safety, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES), Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Zuzana Nordeng
- Department of Research Administrative Support, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Taran Skjerdal
- Department of Animal Health, Welfare and Food Safety, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Ås, Norway
| | - Francesca Cito
- Department of Epidemiology and Risk Analysis, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise, Teramo, Italy
- *Correspondence: Francesca Cito,
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14
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Palacios-Gorba C, Moura A, Markovich Y, Tessaud-Rita N, Gómez-Martín Á, Bracq-Dieye H, Gomis J, Vales G, Pastor-Martín M, Thouvenot P, Escrig C, Leclercq A, Lecuit M, Quereda JJ. Genomic characterization of Listeria spp. isolated from tonsils, udder and feces of domestic dairy ruminants in Spain. Microbes Infect 2022; 25:105079. [PMID: 36464197 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2022.105079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Two species of Listeria are pathogenic, Listeria monocytogenes and Listeria ivanovii. Although studies have shown that dairy ruminants shed Listeria spp. in feces, there is little information about ruminants that do not shed Listeria spp. in their feces but asymptomatically carry them in organs. We evidence that ruminants can asymptomatically carry L. ivanovii in udders and L. monocytogenes and L. ivanovii in tonsils without fecal shedding. Whole-genome sequence of L. monocytogenes and L. ivanovii contained known core genes involved in virulence and antibiotic resistance. This work highlights tonsils and udders as a Listeria intra-host site of colonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Palacios-Gorba
- Research Group Intracellular Pathogens: Biology and Infection, Departamento Producción y Sanidad Animal, Salud Pública Veterinaria y Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Valencia, Spain
| | - Alexandra Moura
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Inserm U1117, Biology of Infection Unit, Paris, 75015, France; Institut Pasteur, National Reference Centre and WHO Collaborating Centre Listeria, Paris, France
| | - Yuval Markovich
- Research Group Intracellular Pathogens: Biology and Infection, Departamento Producción y Sanidad Animal, Salud Pública Veterinaria y Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Valencia, Spain
| | - Nathalie Tessaud-Rita
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Inserm U1117, Biology of Infection Unit, Paris, 75015, France; Institut Pasteur, National Reference Centre and WHO Collaborating Centre Listeria, Paris, France
| | - Ángel Gómez-Martín
- Research Group Microbiological Agents Associated with Animal Reproduction (ProVaginBIO), Departamento Producción y Sanidad Animal, Salud Pública Veterinaria y Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Valencia, Spain
| | - Hélène Bracq-Dieye
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Inserm U1117, Biology of Infection Unit, Paris, 75015, France; Institut Pasteur, National Reference Centre and WHO Collaborating Centre Listeria, Paris, France
| | - Jesús Gomis
- Research Group Microbiological Agents Associated with Animal Reproduction (ProVaginBIO), Departamento Producción y Sanidad Animal, Salud Pública Veterinaria y Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Valencia, Spain
| | - Guillaume Vales
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Inserm U1117, Biology of Infection Unit, Paris, 75015, France; Institut Pasteur, National Reference Centre and WHO Collaborating Centre Listeria, Paris, France
| | - María Pastor-Martín
- Departamento de Salud de Manises, Conselleria de Sanitat Universal i Salut Pública, Generalitat Valenciana, Valencia, Spain
| | - Pierre Thouvenot
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Inserm U1117, Biology of Infection Unit, Paris, 75015, France; Institut Pasteur, National Reference Centre and WHO Collaborating Centre Listeria, Paris, France
| | - Carles Escrig
- Public Health Center, Castellón, Dirección General de Salud Pública y Adicciones, Consellería de Sanidad Universal y Salud Pública, Comunidad Valenciana, Spain
| | - Alexandre Leclercq
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Inserm U1117, Biology of Infection Unit, Paris, 75015, France; Institut Pasteur, National Reference Centre and WHO Collaborating Centre Listeria, Paris, France
| | - Marc Lecuit
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Inserm U1117, Biology of Infection Unit, Paris, 75015, France; Institut Pasteur, National Reference Centre and WHO Collaborating Centre Listeria, Paris, France; Necker-Enfants Malades University Hospital, Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Institut Imagine, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Juan J Quereda
- Research Group Intracellular Pathogens: Biology and Infection, Departamento Producción y Sanidad Animal, Salud Pública Veterinaria y Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Valencia, Spain.
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15
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Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance of Virulent Listeria monocytogenes and Cronobacter sakazakii in Dairy Cattle, the Environment, and Dried Milk with the In Vitro Application of Natural Alternative Control. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11081087. [PMID: 36009957 PMCID: PMC9405507 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11081087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to detect the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Listeria monocytogenes and Cronobacter sakazakii in three dairy households and dried milk from different suppliers, and evaluate the antimicrobial effect of rose water, rose, and orange essential oils. In total, 360 samples were collected from cattle, the environment, and dried milk (n = 30). Antimicrobial activity was evaluated with twofold microtube dilution and the time-kill method. L. monocytogenes was identified in all households (13.3%) with a prevalence in the range of 5.8–17.5%, while C. sakazakii was identified in one household (5.3%). The former and latter pathogens were highly isolated from the feces at 20% and 2.5% and bedding at 12.5% and 1.6%, respectively. L. monocytogenes was isolated only from milk at 7.5%, but C. sakazakii was not detected in either milk or dried milk. L. monocytogenes strains were screened for virulence genes (iap, hylA, and actA). All strains were positive for the iap gene, while for hlyA and actA, the percentages were (35.4% 16.6%, respectively). L. monocytogenes strains showed high resistance against sulfamethoxazole–trimethoprim (100%), followed by gentamicin, penicillin, and imipenem (95.8%, 95.8%, and 91.6%, respectively). All C. sakazakii strains were susceptible to all tested antibiotics. The bactericidal activity of orange oil was the strongest, appeared after 1 h for both pathogens, followed by rose oil and then rose water.
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16
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Elsayed MM, Elkenany RM, Zakaria AI, Badawy BM. Epidemiological study on Listeria monocytogenes in Egyptian dairy cattle farms' insights into genetic diversity of multi-antibiotic-resistant strains by ERIC-PCR. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:54359-54377. [PMID: 35298798 PMCID: PMC9356925 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19495-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes) is frequently detected in ruminants, especially dairy cattle, and associated with the sporadic and epidemic outbreak of listeriosis in farms. In this epidemiological study, the prevalence, virulence, antibiotic resistance profiles, and genetic diversity of L. monocytogenes in three Egyptian dairy cattle farms were investigated. The risk factors associated with the fecal shedding of L. monocytogenes were analyzed. The L. monocytogenes strains from the three farms were categorized into distinct genotypes based on sampling site and sample type through enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus polymerase chain reaction (ERIC-PCR). A total of 1896 samples were collected from animals, environments, and milking equipment in the three farms. Results revealed that 137 (7.23%) of these samples were L. monocytogenes positive. The prevalence of L. monocytogenes in the animal samples was high (32.1%), and the main environmental source of prevalent genotypes in the three farms was silage. For all sample types, L. monocytogenes was more prevalent in farm I than in farms II and III. Risk factor analysis showed seasonal variation in production hygiene. For all sample types, L. monocytogenes was significantly more prevalent in winter than in spring and summer. The level of L. monocytogenes fecal shedding was high likely because of increasing age, number of parities, and milk yield in dairy cattle. Two virulence genes, namely, hlyA & prfA, were also detected in 93 strains, whereas only one of these genes was found in 44 residual strains. Conversely, iap was completely absent in all strains. The strains exhibited phenotypic resistance to most of the tested antibiotics, but none of them was resistant to netilmicin or vancomycin. According to sample type, the strains from the animal samples were extremely resistant to amoxicillin (95.2%, 80/84) and cloxacillin (92.9%, 78/84). By comparison, the strains from the environmental samples were highly resistant to cefotaxime (86.95%, 20/23). Furthermore, 25 multi-antibiotic resistance (MAR) patterns were observed in L. monocytogenes strains. All strains had a MAR index of 0.22-0.78 and harbored antibiotic resistance genes, including extended-spectrum β-lactamase (blaCTX-M [92.7%] and blaDHA-1 [66.4%]), quinolones (qnrS [91.2%], qnrA [58.4%], parC [58.4%], and qnrB [51%]), macrolides (erm[B] [76.6%], erm(C) [1.5%], and msr(A) [27%]), trimethoprim (dfrD [65.7%]), and tetracyclines (tet(M) [41.6%], tet(S) [8%], and int-Tn [26.3%]). ERIC-PCR confirmed that the strains were genetically diverse and heterogeneous. A total of 137 isolated L. monocytogenes strains were classified into 22 distinct ERIC-PCR groups (A-V). Among them, ERIC E (10.2%) was the most prevalent group. These results indicated that environment and milking equipment served as reservoirs and potential transmission ways of virulent and multidrug-resistant L. monocytogenes to dairy animals, consequently posing threats to public health. Silage is the main environmental source of prevalent genotypes on all three farms. Therefore, hygienic measures at the farm level should be developed and implemented to reduce L. monocytogenes transmission inside dairy cattle farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona M Elsayed
- Department of Hygiene and Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt.
| | - Rasha M Elkenany
- Department of Bacteriology, Mycology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Amira I Zakaria
- Department of Food Hygiene and Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Basma M Badawy
- Department of Hygiene and Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
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17
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Kaptchouang Tchatchouang CD, Fri J, Montso PK, Amagliani G, Schiavano GF, Manganyi MC, Baldelli G, Brandi G, Ateba CN. Evidence of Virulent Multi-Drug Resistant and Biofilm-Forming Listeria Species Isolated from Various Sources in South Africa. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11080843. [PMID: 36014964 PMCID: PMC9416180 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11080843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Listeriosis is a foodborne disease caused by Listeria monocytogenes species and is known to cause severe complications, particularly in pregnant women, young children, the elderly, and immunocompromised individuals. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of Listeria species in food and water using both biochemical and species-specific PCR analysis. L. monocytogenes isolates were further screened for the presence of various antibiotic resistance, virulence, and biofilm-forming determinants profiles using phenotypic and genotypic assays. A total of 207 samples (composed of meat, milk, vegetables, and water) were collected and analyzed for presence of L. monocytogenes using species specific PCR analysis. Out of 267 presumptive isolates, 53 (19.85%) were confirmed as the Listeria species, and these comprised 26 L. monocytogenes, 3 L. innocua, 2 L. welshimeri, and 1 L. thailandensis. The remaining 21 Listeria species were classified as uncultured Listeria, based on 16SrRNA sequence analysis results. A large proportion (76% to 100%) of the L. monocytogenes were resistant to erythromycin (76%), clindamycin (100%), gentamicin (100%), tetracycline (100%), novobiocin (100%), oxacillin (100%), nalidixic acid (100%), and kanamycin (100%). The isolates revealed various multi-drug resistant (MDR) phenotypes, with E-DA-GM-T-NO-OX-NA-K being the most predominant MDR phenotypes observed in the L. monocytogenes isolates. The virulence genes prfA, hlyA, actA, and plcB were detected in 100%, 68%, 56%, and 20% of the isolates, respectively. In addition, L. monocytogenes isolates were capable of forming strong biofilm at 4 °C (%) after 24 to 72 h incubation periods, moderate for 8% isolates at 48 h and 20% at 72 h (p < 0.05). Moreover, at 25 °C and 37 °C, small proportions of the isolates displayed moderate (8−20%) biofilm formation after 48 and 72 h incubation periods. Biofilm formation genes flaA and luxS were detected in 72% and 56% of the isolates, respectively. These findings suggest that proper hygiene measures must be enforced along the food chain to ensure food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christ-Donald Kaptchouang Tchatchouang
- Food Security and Safety Focus Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa; (C.-D.K.T.); (J.F.); (P.K.M.)
| | - Justine Fri
- Food Security and Safety Focus Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa; (C.-D.K.T.); (J.F.); (P.K.M.)
| | - Peter Kotsoana Montso
- Food Security and Safety Focus Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa; (C.-D.K.T.); (J.F.); (P.K.M.)
| | - Giulia Amagliani
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, PU, Italy; (G.A.); (G.B.); (G.B.)
| | | | - Madira Coutlyne Manganyi
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha 5117, South Africa;
| | - Giulia Baldelli
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, PU, Italy; (G.A.); (G.B.); (G.B.)
| | - Giorgio Brandi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, PU, Italy; (G.A.); (G.B.); (G.B.)
| | - Collins Njie Ateba
- Food Security and Safety Focus Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa; (C.-D.K.T.); (J.F.); (P.K.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +27-18-389-2247
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18
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Daeschel D, Pettengill JB, Wang Y, Chen Y, Allard M, Snyder AB. Genomic analysis of Listeria monocytogenes from US food processing environments reveals a high prevalence of QAC efflux genes but limited evidence of their contribution to environmental persistence. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:488. [PMID: 35787787 PMCID: PMC9252043 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08695-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Quaternary ammonium compound (QAC) efflux genes increase the minimum inhibitory concentration of Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) to benzalkonium chloride sanitizer, but the contribution of these genes to persistence in food processing environments is unclear. The goal of this study was to leverage genomic data and associated metadata for 4969 Lm isolates collected between 1999 and 2019 to: (1) evaluate the prevalence of QAC efflux genes among Lm isolates from diverse US food processors, (2) use comparative genomic analyses to assess confounding factors, such as clonal complex identity and stress tolerance genotypes, and (3) identify patterns in QAC efflux gene gain and loss among persistent clones within specific facilities over time. Results The QAC efflux gene cassette bcrABC was present in nearly half (46%) of all isolates. QAC efflux gene prevalence among isolates was associated with clonal complex (𝛘2 < 0.001) and clonal complex was associated with the facility type (𝛘2 < 0.001). Consequently, changes in the prevalence of QAC efflux genes within individual facilities were generally attributable to changes in the prevalence of specific clonal complexes. Additionally, a GWAS and targeted BLAST search revealed that clonal complexes with a high prevalence of QAC efflux genes commonly possessed other stress tolerance genes. For example, a high prevalence of bcrABC in a clonal complex was significantly associated with the presence of the SSI-1 gene cluster (p < 0.05). QAC efflux gene gain and loss were both observed among persistent populations of Lm in individual facilities, suggesting a limited direct role for QAC efflux genes as predictors of persistence. Conclusion This study suggests that although there is evidence that QAC efflux genes are part of a suite of adaptations common among Lm isolated from some food production environments, these genes may be neither sufficient nor necessary to enhance persistence. This is a crucial distinction for decision making in the food industry. For example, changes to sanitizer regimen targeting QAC tolerance would not address other contributing genetic or non-genetic factors, such as equipment hygienic design which physically mediates sanitizer exposure. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-022-08695-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devin Daeschel
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - James B Pettengill
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Staff, Office of Analytics and Outreach, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Yu Wang
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Staff, Office of Analytics and Outreach, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Yi Chen
- Division of Microbiology, Office of Regulatory Science, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Marc Allard
- Division of Microbiology, Office of Regulatory Science, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Abigail B Snyder
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
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19
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Evaluation of the Persistence and Characterization of Listeria monocytogenes in Foodservice Operations. Foods 2022; 11:foods11060886. [PMID: 35327308 PMCID: PMC8955912 DOI: 10.3390/foods11060886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a major foodborne pathogen that can contaminate food products and colonize food-producing facilities. Foodservice operations (FSOp) are frequently responsible for foodborne outbreaks due to food safety practices failures. We investigated the presence of and characterized L. monocytogenes from two FSOp (cafeterias) distributing ready-to-eat meals and verified FSOp’s compliance with good manufacturing practices (GMP). Two facilities (FSOp-A and FSOp-B) were visited three times each over 5 months. We sampled foods, ingredients, and surfaces for microbiological analysis, and L. monocytogenes isolates were characterized by phylogenetic analyses and phenotypic characteristics. GMP audits were performed in the first and third visits. A ready-to-eat salad (FSOp-A) and a frozen ingredient (FSOp-B) were contaminated with L. monocytogenes, which was also detected on Zone 3 surfaces (floor, drains, and a boot cover). The phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that FSOp-B had persistent L. monocytogenes strains, but environmental isolates were not closely related to food or ingredient isolates. GMP audits showed that both operations worked under “fair” conditions, and “facilities and equipment” was the section with the least compliances. The presence of L. monocytogenes in the environment and GMP failures could promote food contamination with this pathogen, presenting a risk to consumers.
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20
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Idland L, Granquist EG, Aspholm M, Lindbäck T. The prevalence of Campylobacter spp., Listeria monocytogenes and Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli in Norwegian dairy cattle farms; a comparison between free stall and tie stall housing systems. J Appl Microbiol 2022; 132:3959-3972. [PMID: 35244319 PMCID: PMC9315008 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Aims This study explored how dairy farm operating systems with free‐stall or tie‐stall housing and cow hygiene score influence the occurrence of zoonotic bacteria in raw milk. Methods and Results Samples from bulk tank milk (BTM), milk filters, faeces, feed, teats and teat milk were collected from 11 farms with loose housing and seven farms with tie‐stall housing every second month over a period of 11 months and analysed for the presence of STEC by culturing combined with polymerase chain reaction and for Campylobacter spp. and L. monocytogenes by culturing only. Campylobacter spp., L. monocytogenes and STEC were present in samples from the farm environment and were also detected in 4%, 13% and 7% of the milk filters, respectively, and in 3%, 0% and 1% of BTM samples. Four STEC isolates carried the eae gene, which is linked to the capacity to cause severe human disease. L. monocytogenes were detected more frequently in loose housing herds compared with tie‐stalled herds in faeces (p = 0.02) and feed (p = 0.03), and Campylobacter spp. were detected more frequently in loose housing herds in faeces (p < 0.01) and teat swabs (p = 0.03). An association between cow hygiene score and detection of Campylobacter spp. in teat milk was observed (p = 0.03). Conclusion Since some samples collected from loose housing systems revealed a significantly higher (p < 0.05) content of L. monocytogenes and Campylobacter spp. than samples collected from tie‐stalled herds, the current study suggests that the type of housing system may influence the food safety of raw milk. Significance and Impact of the Study This study highlights that zoonotic bacteria can be present in raw milk independent of hygienic conditions at the farm and what housing system is used. Altogether, this study provides important knowledge for evaluating the risk of drinking unpasteurized milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lene Idland
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Erik G Granquist
- Department of Production Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Marina Aspholm
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Toril Lindbäck
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
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21
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WGS analysis of Listeria monocytogenes from rural, urban, and farm environments in Norway: Genetic diversity, persistence, and relation to clinical and food isolates. Appl Environ Microbiol 2022; 88:e0213621. [PMID: 35108102 PMCID: PMC8939345 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02136-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a ubiquitous environmental bacterium associated with a wide variety of natural and human-made environments, such as soil, vegetation, livestock, food processing environments, and urban areas. It is also among the deadliest foodborne pathogens, and knowledge about its presence and diversity in potential sources is crucial to effectively track and control it in the food chain. Isolation of L. monocytogenes from various rural and urban environments showed higher prevalence in agricultural and urban developments than in forest or mountain areas, and that detection was positively associated with rainfall. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) was performed for the collected isolates and for L. monocytogenes from Norwegian dairy farms and slugs (218 isolates in total). The data were compared to available data sets from clinical and food-associated sources in Norway collected within the last decade. Multiple examples of clusters of isolates with 0 to 8 whole-genome multilocus sequence typing (wgMLST) allelic differences were collected over time in the same location, demonstrating persistence of L. monocytogenes in natural, urban, and farm environments. Furthermore, several clusters with 6 to 20 wgMLST allelic differences containing isolates collected across different locations, times, and habitats were identified, including nine clusters harboring clinical isolates. The most ubiquitous clones found in soil and other natural and animal ecosystems (CC91, CC11, and CC37) were distinct from clones predominating among both clinical (CC7, CC121, and CC1) and food (CC9, CC121, CC7, and CC8) isolates. The analyses indicated that ST91 was more prevalent in Norway than other countries and revealed a high proportion of the hypovirulent ST121 among Norwegian clinical cases. IMPORTANCEListeria monocytogenes is a deadly foodborne pathogen that is widespread in the environment. For effective management, both public health authorities and food producers need reliable tools for source tracking, surveillance, and risk assessment. For this, whole-genome sequencing (WGS) is regarded as the present and future gold standard. In the current study, we use WGS to show that L. monocytogenes can persist for months and years in natural, urban, and dairy farm environments. Notably, clusters of almost identical isolates, with genetic distances within the thresholds often suggested for defining an outbreak cluster, can be collected from geographically and temporally unrelated sources. The work highlights the need for a greater knowledge of the genetic relationships between clinical isolates and isolates of L. monocytogenes from a wide range of environments, including natural, urban, agricultural, livestock, food production, and food processing environments, to correctly interpret and use results from WGS analyses.
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22
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Denis M, Ziebal C, Boscher E, Picard S, Perrot M, Nova MV, Roussel S, Diara A, Pourcher AM. Occurrence and Diversity of Listeria monocytogenes Isolated from Two Pig Manure Treatment Plants in France. Microbes Environ 2022; 37:ME22019. [PMID: 36372433 PMCID: PMC9763045 DOI: 10.1264/jsme2.me22019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of Listeria monocytogenes in piggery effluents intended for irrigation crops may be a source of bacterial dissemination in agriculture. The occurrence and diversity of L. monocytogenes in the farm environment were examined in two pig manure treatment systems (S1 and S2). Samples collected over the course of one year consisted of manure, the liquid fraction of treated manure (lagoon effluent), and soil surrounding the lagoon. L. monocytogenes was enumerated using the Most Probable Number (MPN) method, serotyped by PCR, genotyped by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and sequenced for multilocus sequence typing (MLST). L. monocytogenes was detected in 92% of manure samples and in approximately 50% of lagoon effluent and soil samples. Concentrations ranged between 5 and 103 MPN 100 mL-1. Serogroups IIa, IIb, and IVb were identified. Diversity was high with 44 PFGE profiles (252 isolates) and 17 clonal complexes (CCs) (96 isolates) with higher diversity in manure at site S1 supplied by four farms. Some PFGE profiles and CCs identified in manure or in pig feces from a previous study were also detected in lagoons and/or soil, reflecting pig L. monocytogenes circulation throughout the manure treatment and in the vicinity of the sampling sites. However, some PFGE profiles and CCs were only found in the lagoon and/or in soil, suggesting an origin other than pigs. The present study highlights the limited ability of biological treatments to eliminate L. monocytogenes from pig manure. The persistence of some PFGE profiles and CCs throughout the year in the lagoon and soil shows the ability of L. monocytogenes to survive in this type of environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martine Denis
- ANSES, Unit of Hygiene and Quality of Poultry and Pork Products, Ploufragan, France, Corresponding author. E-mail: ; Tel: +33–296016231; Fax: +33–296018538
| | - Christine Ziebal
- INRAE, UR OPAALE, 17 Avenue de Cucillé-CS 64427, F-35044 Rennes, France
| | - Evelyne Boscher
- ANSES, Unit of Hygiene and Quality of Poultry and Pork Products, Ploufragan, France
| | - Sylvie Picard
- INRAE, UR OPAALE, 17 Avenue de Cucillé-CS 64427, F-35044 Rennes, France
| | - Morgane Perrot
- ANSES, Unit of Hygiene and Quality of Poultry and Pork Products, Ploufragan, France,INRAE, UR OPAALE, 17 Avenue de Cucillé-CS 64427, F-35044 Rennes, France
| | - Meryl Vila Nova
- ANSES, Unit Salmonella and Listeria, 14 Rue Pierre et Marie Curie, F-94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Sophie Roussel
- ANSES, Unit Salmonella and Listeria, 14 Rue Pierre et Marie Curie, F-94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Arnaud Diara
- INRAE, UR OPAALE, 17 Avenue de Cucillé-CS 64427, F-35044 Rennes, France
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23
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Palacios-Gorba C, Moura A, Gomis J, Leclercq A, Gómez-Martín Á, Bracq-Dieye H, Mocé ML, Tessaud-Rita N, Jiménez-Trigos E, Vales G, García-Muñoz Á, Thouvenot P, García-Roselló E, Lecuit M, Quereda JJ. Ruminant-associated Listeria monocytogenes isolates belong preferentially to dairy-associated hypervirulent clones: a longitudinal study in 19 farms. Environ Microbiol 2021; 23:7617-7631. [PMID: 34863016 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Studies have shown that ruminants constitute reservoirs of Listeria monocytogenes, but little is known about the epidemiology and genetic diversity of this pathogen within farms. Here we conducted a large-scale longitudinal study to monitor Listeria spp. in 19 dairy farms during three consecutive seasons (N = 3251 samples). L. innocua was the most prevalent species, followed by L. monocytogenes. Listeria monocytogenes was detected in 52.6% of farms and more frequently in cattle (4.1%) and sheep (4.5%) than in goat farms (0.2%). Lineage I accounted for 69% of L. monocytogenes isolates. Among animal samples, the most prevalent sublineages (SL) and clonal complexes (CC) were SL1/CC1, SL219/CC4, SL26/CC26 and SL87/CC87, whereas SL666/CC666 was most prevalent in environmental samples. Sixty-one different L. monocytogenes cgMLST types were found, 28% common to different animals and/or surfaces within the same farm and 21% previously reported elsewhere in the context of food and human surveillance. Listeria monocytogenes prevalence was not affected by farm hygiene but by season: higher prevalence was observed during winter in cattle, and during winter and spring in sheep farms. Cows in their second lactation had a higher probability of L. monocytogenes faecal shedding. This study highlights dairy farms as a reservoir for hypervirulent L. monocytogenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Palacios-Gorba
- Departamento Producción y Sanidad Animal, Salud Pública Veterinaria y Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Valencia, Spain
| | - Alexandra Moura
- Institut Pasteur, National Reference Centre and WHO Collaborating Centre for Listeria, Paris, France.,Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, Inserm U1117, Biology of Infection Unit, Paris, 75015, France
| | - Jesús Gomis
- Departamento Producción y Sanidad Animal, Salud Pública Veterinaria y Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Valencia, Spain
| | - Alexandre Leclercq
- Institut Pasteur, National Reference Centre and WHO Collaborating Centre for Listeria, Paris, France.,Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, Inserm U1117, Biology of Infection Unit, Paris, 75015, France
| | - Ángel Gómez-Martín
- Departamento Producción y Sanidad Animal, Salud Pública Veterinaria y Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Valencia, Spain
| | - Hélène Bracq-Dieye
- Institut Pasteur, National Reference Centre and WHO Collaborating Centre for Listeria, Paris, France.,Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, Inserm U1117, Biology of Infection Unit, Paris, 75015, France
| | - María L Mocé
- Departamento Producción y Sanidad Animal, Salud Pública Veterinaria y Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Valencia, Spain
| | - Nathalie Tessaud-Rita
- Institut Pasteur, National Reference Centre and WHO Collaborating Centre for Listeria, Paris, France.,Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, Inserm U1117, Biology of Infection Unit, Paris, 75015, France
| | - Estrella Jiménez-Trigos
- Departamento Producción y Sanidad Animal, Salud Pública Veterinaria y Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Valencia, Spain
| | - Guillaume Vales
- Institut Pasteur, National Reference Centre and WHO Collaborating Centre for Listeria, Paris, France.,Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, Inserm U1117, Biology of Infection Unit, Paris, 75015, France
| | - Ángel García-Muñoz
- Departamento Producción y Sanidad Animal, Salud Pública Veterinaria y Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Valencia, Spain
| | - Pierre Thouvenot
- Institut Pasteur, National Reference Centre and WHO Collaborating Centre for Listeria, Paris, France.,Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, Inserm U1117, Biology of Infection Unit, Paris, 75015, France
| | - Empar García-Roselló
- Departamento Medicina y Cirugía Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Valencia, Spain
| | - Marc Lecuit
- Institut Pasteur, National Reference Centre and WHO Collaborating Centre for Listeria, Paris, France.,Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, Inserm U1117, Biology of Infection Unit, Paris, 75015, France.,Necker-Enfants Malades University Hospital, Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Institut Imagine, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Juan J Quereda
- Departamento Producción y Sanidad Animal, Salud Pública Veterinaria y Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Valencia, Spain
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24
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Moura A, Lefrancq N, Wirth T, Leclercq A, Borges V, Gilpin B, Dallman TJ, Frey J, Franz E, Nielsen EM, Thomas J, Pightling A, Howden BP, Tarr CL, Gerner-Smidt P, Cauchemez S, Salje H, Brisse S, Lecuit M. Emergence and global spread of Listeria monocytogenes main clinical clonal complex. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabj9805. [PMID: 34851675 PMCID: PMC8635441 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abj9805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The bacterial foodborne pathogen Listeria monocytogenes clonal complex 1 (Lm-CC1) is the most prevalent clonal group associated with human listeriosis and is strongly associated with cattle and dairy products. Here, we analyze 2021 isolates collected from 40 countries, covering Lm-CC1 first isolation to present days, to define its evolutionary history and population dynamics. We show that Lm-CC1 spread worldwide from North America following the Industrial Revolution through two waves of expansion, coinciding with the transatlantic livestock trade in the second half of the 19th century and the rapid growth of cattle farming and food industrialization in the 20th century. In sharp contrast to its global spread over the past century, transmission chains are now mostly local, with limited inter- and intra-country spread. This study provides an unprecedented insight into L. monocytogenes phylogeography and population dynamics and highlights the importance of genome analyses for a better control of pathogen transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Moura
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, Inserm U1117, Biology of Infection Unit, Paris, France
- Institut Pasteur, National Reference Center and WHO Collaborating Center Listeria, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Noémie Lefrancq
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases Unit, CNRS UMR 2000, Paris, France
| | - Thierry Wirth
- Institut Systématique Evolution Biodiversité (ISYEB),Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université des Antilles, EPHE, Paris, France
- PSL University, EPHE, Paris, France
| | - Alexandre Leclercq
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, Inserm U1117, Biology of Infection Unit, Paris, France
- Institut Pasteur, National Reference Center and WHO Collaborating Center Listeria, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Vítor Borges
- Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Brent Gilpin
- Christchurch Science Centre, Institute of Environmental Science and Research Limited, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | | | - Joachim Frey
- Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Eelco Franz
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | | | - Juno Thomas
- Division of the National Health Laboratory Service, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Arthur Pightling
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Benjamin P. Howden
- Microbiological Diagnostic Unit Public Health Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Infectious Diseases Department, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Cheryl L. Tarr
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Simon Cauchemez
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases Unit, CNRS UMR 2000, Paris, France
| | - Henrik Salje
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases Unit, CNRS UMR 2000, Paris, France
| | - Sylvain Brisse
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, Biodiversity and Epidemiology of Bacterial Pathogens, Paris, France
| | - Marc Lecuit
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, Inserm U1117, Biology of Infection Unit, Paris, France
- Institut Pasteur, National Reference Center and WHO Collaborating Center Listeria, 75015 Paris, France
- Necker-Enfants Malades University Hospital, Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, APHP, Institut Imagine, Paris, France
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25
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Bagatella S, Tavares-Gomes L, Oevermann A. Listeria monocytogenes at the interface between ruminants and humans: A comparative pathology and pathogenesis review. Vet Pathol 2021; 59:186-210. [PMID: 34856818 DOI: 10.1177/03009858211052659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The bacterium Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) is widely distributed in the environment as a saprophyte, but may turn into a lethal intracellular pathogen upon ingestion. Invasive infections occur in numerous species worldwide, but most commonly in humans and farmed ruminants, and manifest as distinct forms. Of those, neuroinfection is remarkably threatening due to its high mortality. Lm is widely studied not only as a pathogen but also as an essential model for intracellular infections and host-pathogen interactions. Many aspects of its ecology and pathogenesis, however, remain unclear and are rarely addressed in its natural hosts. This review highlights the heterogeneity and adaptability of Lm by summarizing its association with the environment, farm animals, and disease. It also provides current knowledge on key features of the pathology and (molecular) pathogenesis of various listeriosis forms in naturally susceptible species with a special focus on ruminants and on the neuroinvasive form of the disease. Moreover, knowledge gaps on pathomechanisms of listerial infections and relevant unexplored topics in Lm pathogenesis research are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Bagatella
- Division of Neurological Sciences, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Leticia Tavares-Gomes
- Division of Neurological Sciences, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Anna Oevermann
- Division of Neurological Sciences, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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26
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Quereda JJ, Morón-García A, Palacios-Gorba C, Dessaux C, García-del Portillo F, Pucciarelli MG, Ortega AD. Pathogenicity and virulence of Listeria monocytogenes: A trip from environmental to medical microbiology. Virulence 2021; 12:2509-2545. [PMID: 34612177 PMCID: PMC8496543 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2021.1975526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a saprophytic gram-positive bacterium, and an opportunistic foodborne pathogen that can produce listeriosis in humans and animals. It has evolved an exceptional ability to adapt to stress conditions encountered in different environments, resulting in a ubiquitous distribution. Because some food preservation methods and disinfection protocols in food-processing environments cannot efficiently prevent contaminations, L. monocytogenes constitutes a threat to human health and a challenge to food safety. In the host, Listeria colonizes the gastrointestinal tract, crosses the intestinal barrier, and disseminates through the blood to target organs. In immunocompromised individuals, the elderly, and pregnant women, the pathogen can cross the blood-brain and placental barriers, leading to neurolisteriosis and materno-fetal listeriosis. Molecular and cell biology studies of infection have proven L. monocytogenes to be a versatile pathogen that deploys unique strategies to invade different cell types, survive and move inside the eukaryotic host cell, and spread from cell to cell. Here, we present the multifaceted Listeria life cycle from a comprehensive perspective. We discuss genetic features of pathogenic Listeria species, analyze factors involved in food contamination, and review bacterial strategies to tolerate stresses encountered both during food processing and along the host's gastrointestinal tract. Then we dissect host-pathogen interactions underlying listerial pathogenesis in mammals from a cell biology and systemic point of view. Finally, we summarize the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and clinical features of listeriosis in humans and animals. This work aims to gather information from different fields crucial for a comprehensive understanding of the pathogenesis of L. monocytogenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan J. Quereda
- Departamento de Producción y Sanidad Animal, Salud Pública Veterinaria y Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities. Valencia, Spain
| | - Alvaro Morón-García
- Departamento de Biología Celular. Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Madrid, Spain
| | - Carla Palacios-Gorba
- Departamento de Producción y Sanidad Animal, Salud Pública Veterinaria y Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities. Valencia, Spain
| | - Charlotte Dessaux
- Departamento de Biotecnología Microbiana, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB)- Consejo Superior De Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco García-del Portillo
- Departamento de Biotecnología Microbiana, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB)- Consejo Superior De Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - M. Graciela Pucciarelli
- Departamento de Biotecnología Microbiana, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB)- Consejo Superior De Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Biología Molecular ‘Severo Ochoa’. Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. Madrid, Spain
| | - Alvaro D. Ortega
- Departamento de Biología Celular. Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biotecnología Microbiana, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB)- Consejo Superior De Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
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Šteingolde Ž, Meistere I, Avsejenko J, Ķibilds J, Bergšpica I, Streikiša M, Gradovska S, Alksne L, Roussel S, Terentjeva M, Bērziņš A. Characterization and Genetic Diversity of Listeria monocytogenes Isolated from Cattle Abortions in Latvia, 2013-2018. Vet Sci 2021; 8:195. [PMID: 34564589 PMCID: PMC8473131 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci8090195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes can cause disease in humans and in a wide range of animal species, especially in farm ruminants. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence and genetic diversity of L. monocytogenes related to 1185 cattle abortion cases in Latvia during 2013-2018. The prevalence of L. monocytogenes among cattle abortions was 16.1% (191/1185). The seasonality of L. monocytogenes abortions was observed with significantly higher occurrence (p < 0.01) in spring (March-May). In 61.0% of the cases, the affected cattle were under four years of age. L. monocytogenes abortions were observed during the third (64.6%) and second (33.3%) trimesters of gestation. Overall, 27 different sequence types (ST) were detected, and four of them, ST29 (clonal complex, CC29), ST37 (CC37), ST451 (CC11) and ST7 (CC7), covered more than half of the L. monocytogenes isolates. Key virulence factors like the prfA-dependent virulence cluster and inlA, inlB were observed in all the analyzed isolates, but lntA, inlF, inlJ, vip were associated with individual sequence types. Our results confirmed that L. monocytogenes is the most important causative agent of cattle abortions in Latvia and more than 20 different STs were observed in L. monocytogenes abortions in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Žanete Šteingolde
- Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment BIOR, LV-1076 Riga, Latvia; (J.A.); (J.Ķ.); (I.B.); (M.S.); (S.G.); (L.A.); (A.B.)
- Institute of Food and Environmental Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, LV-3004 Jelgava, Latvia;
| | - Irēna Meistere
- Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment BIOR, LV-1076 Riga, Latvia; (J.A.); (J.Ķ.); (I.B.); (M.S.); (S.G.); (L.A.); (A.B.)
| | - Jeļena Avsejenko
- Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment BIOR, LV-1076 Riga, Latvia; (J.A.); (J.Ķ.); (I.B.); (M.S.); (S.G.); (L.A.); (A.B.)
| | - Juris Ķibilds
- Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment BIOR, LV-1076 Riga, Latvia; (J.A.); (J.Ķ.); (I.B.); (M.S.); (S.G.); (L.A.); (A.B.)
| | - Ieva Bergšpica
- Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment BIOR, LV-1076 Riga, Latvia; (J.A.); (J.Ķ.); (I.B.); (M.S.); (S.G.); (L.A.); (A.B.)
| | - Madara Streikiša
- Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment BIOR, LV-1076 Riga, Latvia; (J.A.); (J.Ķ.); (I.B.); (M.S.); (S.G.); (L.A.); (A.B.)
| | - Silva Gradovska
- Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment BIOR, LV-1076 Riga, Latvia; (J.A.); (J.Ķ.); (I.B.); (M.S.); (S.G.); (L.A.); (A.B.)
| | - Laura Alksne
- Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment BIOR, LV-1076 Riga, Latvia; (J.A.); (J.Ķ.); (I.B.); (M.S.); (S.G.); (L.A.); (A.B.)
| | - Sophie Roussel
- Maisons-Alfort Laboratory of Food Safety, University Paris-Est, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health (ANSES), F-94701 Maisons-Alfort, France;
| | - Margarita Terentjeva
- Institute of Food and Environmental Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, LV-3004 Jelgava, Latvia;
| | - Aivars Bērziņš
- Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment BIOR, LV-1076 Riga, Latvia; (J.A.); (J.Ķ.); (I.B.); (M.S.); (S.G.); (L.A.); (A.B.)
- Institute of Food and Environmental Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, LV-3004 Jelgava, Latvia;
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Unrath N, McCabe E, Macori G, Fanning S. Application of Whole Genome Sequencing to Aid in Deciphering the Persistence Potential of Listeria monocytogenes in Food Production Environments. Microorganisms 2021; 9:1856. [PMID: 34576750 PMCID: PMC8464834 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9091856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is the etiological agent of listeriosis, a foodborne illness associated with high hospitalizations and mortality rates. This bacterium can persist in food associated environments for years with isolates being increasingly linked to outbreaks. This review presents a discussion of genomes of Listeria monocytogenes which are commonly regarded as persisters within food production environments, as well as genes which are involved in mechanisms aiding this phenotype. Although criteria for the detection of persistence remain undefined, the advent of whole genome sequencing (WGS) and the development of bioinformatic tools have revolutionized the ability to find closely related strains. These advancements will facilitate the identification of mechanisms responsible for persistence among indistinguishable genomes. In turn, this will lead to improved assessments of the importance of biofilm formation, adaptation to stressful conditions and tolerance to sterilizers in relation to the persistence of this bacterium, all of which have been previously associated with this phenotype. Despite much research being published around the topic of persistence, more insights are required to further elucidate the nature of true persistence and its implications for public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Unrath
- UCD-Centre for Food Safety, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy & Sports Science, University College Dublin, D04 N2E5 Dublin, Ireland; (N.U.); (E.M.); (G.M.)
| | - Evonne McCabe
- UCD-Centre for Food Safety, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy & Sports Science, University College Dublin, D04 N2E5 Dublin, Ireland; (N.U.); (E.M.); (G.M.)
- Department of Microbiology, St. Vincent’s University Hospital, D04 T6F4 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Guerrino Macori
- UCD-Centre for Food Safety, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy & Sports Science, University College Dublin, D04 N2E5 Dublin, Ireland; (N.U.); (E.M.); (G.M.)
| | - Séamus Fanning
- UCD-Centre for Food Safety, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy & Sports Science, University College Dublin, D04 N2E5 Dublin, Ireland; (N.U.); (E.M.); (G.M.)
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Castro H, Douillard FP, Korkeala H, Lindström M. Mobile Elements Harboring Heavy Metal and Bacitracin Resistance Genes Are Common among Listeria monocytogenes Strains Persisting on Dairy Farms. mSphere 2021; 6:e0038321. [PMID: 34232074 PMCID: PMC8386393 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00383-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a foodborne pathogen and a resilient environmental saprophyte. Dairy farms are a reservoir of L. monocytogenes, and strains can persist on farms for years. Here, we sequenced the genomes of 250 L. monocytogenes isolates to investigate the persistence and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) of Listeria strains inhabiting dairy farms. We performed a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based phylogenomic analysis to identify 14 monophyletic clades of L. monocytogenes persistent on the farms for ≥6 months. We found that prophages and other mobile genetic elements were, on average, more numerous among isolates in persistent than nonpersistent clades, and we demonstrated that resistance genes against bacitracin, arsenic, and cadmium were significantly more prevalent among isolates in persistent than nonpersistent clades. We identified a diversity of mobile elements among the 250 farm isolates, including three novel plasmids, three novel transposons, and a novel prophage harboring cadmium resistance genes. Several of the mobile elements we identified in Listeria were identical to the mobile elements of enterococci, which is indicative of recent transfer between these genera. Through a genome-wide association study, we discovered that three putative defense systems against invading prophages and plasmids were negatively associated with persistence on farms. Our findings suggest that mobile elements support the persistence of L. monocytogenes on dairy farms and that L. monocytogenes inhabiting the agroecosystem is a potential reservoir of mobile elements that may spread to the food industry. IMPORTANCE Animal-derived raw materials are an important source of L. monocytogenes in the food industry. Knowledge of the factors contributing to the pathogen's transmission and persistence on farms is essential for designing effective strategies against the spread of the pathogen from farm to fork. An increasing body of evidence suggests that mobile genetic elements support the adaptation and persistence of L. monocytogenes in the food industry, as these elements contribute to the dissemination of genes encoding favorable phenotypes, such as resilience against biocides. Understanding of the role of farms as a potential reservoir of these elements is needed for managing the transmission of mobile elements across the food chain. Because L. monocytogenes coinhabits the farm ecosystem with a diversity of other bacterial species, it is important to assess the degree to which genetic elements are exchanged between Listeria and other species, as such exchanges may contribute to the rise of novel resistance phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Castro
- Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - François P. Douillard
- Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hannu Korkeala
- Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Miia Lindström
- Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Prevalence, Genetic Diversity and Factors Associated with Distribution of Listeria monocytogenes and Other Listeria spp. in Cattle Farms in Latvia. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10070851. [PMID: 34358001 PMCID: PMC8308843 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10070851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria spp. is a diverse genus of Gram-positive bacteria commonly present in the environment while L. monocytogenes and L. ivanovii are well known human and ruminant pathogens. The aim of the present study was to reveal the prevalence and genetic diversity of L. monocytogenes and other Listeria spp. and to identify the factors related to the abundance of pathogen at cattle farms. A total of 521 animal and environmental samples from 27 meat and dairy cattle farms were investigated and the genetic diversity of L. monocytogenes isolates was studied with WGS. The prevalence of Listeria was 58.9%, while of L. monocytogenes it was −11%. The highest prevalence of L. monocytogenes was found in the environment—soil samples near to manure storage (93%), mixed feed from the feeding trough and hay (29%), water samples from farms drinking trough (28%) and cattle feces (28%). Clonal complexes (CC) of CC37 (30%), CC11 (20%) and CC18 (17%) (all IIa serogroup) were predominant L. monocytogenes clones. CC18, CC37 and CC8 were isolated from case farms and CC37, CC11 and CC18 from farms without listeriosis history. Only one hypervirulent CC4 (1%) was isolated from the case farm. Sequence types (STs) were not associated with the isolation source, except for ST7, which was significantly associated with soil (p < 0.05). The contamination of soil, feeding tables and troughs with L. monocytogenes was associated with an increased prevalence of L. monocytogenes at farms. Our study indicates the importance of hygienic practice in the prevention of the dissemination of L. monocytogenes in the cattle farm environment.
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Rodriguez C, Taminiau B, García-Fuentes E, Daube G, Korsak N. Listeria monocytogenes dissemination in farming and primary production: Sources, shedding and control measures. Food Control 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2020.107540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Chow JTH, Gall AR, Johnson AK, Huynh TN. Characterization of Listeria monocytogenes isolates from lactating dairy cows in a Wisconsin farm: Antibiotic resistance, mammalian cell infection, and effects on the fecal microbiota. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:4561-4574. [PMID: 33516554 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-18885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is an invasive foodborne pathogen that is ubiquitously present in the dairy farm environment. Although cattle are a reservoir of L. monocytogenes, most adult animals do not exhibit clinical symptoms, suggesting a homeostasis between this pathogen and the bovine gastrointestinal ecosystem. Nevertheless, substantial prevalence of L. monocytogenes fecal shedding by dairy cattle has been reported in many studies, posing threats of transmission within the herd and contamination of the human food supply. Accordingly, understanding the L. monocytogenes ecology within the bovine gastrointestinal tract is important to prevent clinical illness in the animal host, reduce transmission, and guide intervention strategies. In this study, we conducted a longitudinal sampling of fecal samples from 20 lactating dairy cows in one Wisconsin farm over a 29-d period and found a strikingly high incidence of L. monocytogenes shedding, in 90% of sampled animals. The L. monocytogenes isolates were genetically diverse, representing all common serotypes previously identified from cattle. Additionally, most tested isolates were resistant to ampicillin, and a few were also resistant to gentamicin or trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. Most isolates effectively infected human epithelial cells (Caco-2) and murine fibroblasts (L2), suggesting that they are all capable of causing systemic infection if the intestinal barrier is breached. Finally, we investigated the effects of L. monocytogenes colonization on the gastrointestinal tract microbiota by analyzing the fecal bacterial communities of some shedding and nonshedding cows. Whereas L. monocytogenes did not affect the α and β diversity of tested animals, a subset of shedding cows exhibited different abundances of certain operational taxonomic units within the Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes phyla compared with nonshedding cows. Overall, our findings highlight the threat of antibiotic resistance among some L. monocytogenes isolates, emphasize the need for a strain-specific approach in listeriosis treatment, and suggest the potential negative influence of subclinical L. monocytogenes carriage on animal gut health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin T H Chow
- Department of Food Science, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706
| | - Aaron R Gall
- Department of Food Science, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706
| | | | - TuAnh N Huynh
- Department of Food Science, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706.
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Hadi J, Wu S, Brightwell G. Antimicrobial Blue Light versus Pathogenic Bacteria: Mechanism, Application in the Food Industry, Hurdle Technologies and Potential Resistance. Foods 2020; 9:E1895. [PMID: 33353056 PMCID: PMC7767196 DOI: 10.3390/foods9121895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Blue light primarily exhibits antimicrobial activity through the activation of endogenous photosensitizers, which leads to the formation of reactive oxygen species that attack components of bacterial cells. Current data show that blue light is innocuous on the skin, but may inflict photo-damage to the eyes. Laboratory measurements indicate that antimicrobial blue light has minimal effects on the sensorial and nutritional properties of foods, although future research using human panels is required to ascertain these findings. Food properties also affect the efficacy of antimicrobial blue light, with attenuation or enhancement of the bactericidal activity observed in the presence of absorptive materials (for example, proteins on meats) or photosensitizers (for example, riboflavin in milk), respectively. Blue light can also be coupled with other treatments, such as polyphenols, essential oils and organic acids. While complete resistance to blue light has not been reported, isolated evidence suggests that bacterial tolerance to blue light may occur over time, especially through gene mutations, although at a slower rate than antibiotic resistance. Future studies can aim at characterizing the amount and type of intracellular photosensitizers across bacterial species and at assessing the oxygen-independent mechanism of blue light-for example, the inactivation of spoilage bacteria in vacuum-packed meats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Hadi
- AgResearch Ltd., Hopkirk Research Institute, Cnr University and Library Road, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand; (J.H.); (S.W.)
| | - Shuyan Wu
- AgResearch Ltd., Hopkirk Research Institute, Cnr University and Library Road, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand; (J.H.); (S.W.)
| | - Gale Brightwell
- AgResearch Ltd., Hopkirk Research Institute, Cnr University and Library Road, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand; (J.H.); (S.W.)
- New Zealand Food Safety Science and Research Centre, Tennent Drive, Massey University, Palmerston North 4474, New Zealand
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de Niederhäusern S, Camellini S, Sabia C, Iseppi R, Bondi M, Messi P. Antilisterial Activity of Bacteriocins Produced by Lactic Bacteria Isolated from Dairy Products. Foods 2020; 9:foods9121757. [PMID: 33260958 PMCID: PMC7761453 DOI: 10.3390/foods9121757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sixty-nine Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) and bifidobacteria were isolated and identified from Italian dairy products (raw milk, cream, butter, soft cheese and yoghurt) to find new antimicrobial compounds to use as food bio-preservatives. All the isolates were preliminarily screened by the deferred antagonism method for bacteriocin production. Afterwards, to evaluate the release of bacteriocin in liquid medium, the Cell-Free Supernatant Fluid (CFSF) of the best producers was tested by agar well diffusion assay. The study allowed the selection of three bacteriocin producing strains (Enterococcus faecium E23, Bifidobacterium thermophilum B23 and Lactobacillus bulgaricus L21), endowed with the strongest and broadest inhibitory capability against the pathogen Listeria monocytogenes. The molecular characteristics and the chemical–physical properties of both producers and the respective bacteriocins were studied and compared. The results showed that E. faecium E23 was the best producer strain and its class IIa bacteriocins, called enterocin E23, exhibited a good spectrum of activity towards L. monocytogenes. Enterocin E23 was stable over a wide range of pH and at low temperatures for at least four months and, for this reason, it can be employed in refrigerated foods for the control of L. monocytogenes, the major concern in dairy products.
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El-Hajjaji S, Gérard A, Sindic M. Is Butter A Product at Risk Regarding Listeria Monocytogenes? - A Review. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2020.1831528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Soundous El-Hajjaji
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety of Agro-food Products, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Amaury Gérard
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety of Agro-food Products, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Marianne Sindic
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety of Agro-food Products, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
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Iwu CD, Okoh AI. Characterization of antibiogram fingerprints in Listeria monocytogenes recovered from irrigation water and agricultural soil samples. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0228956. [PMID: 32040533 PMCID: PMC7010277 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes) is a foodborne pathogen and the etiologic agent of listeriosis, which can be disseminated within the agricultural environment particularly soil and irrigation water, contaminate farm produce and cause high mortality and morbidity among vulnerable individuals. This study assessed the incidence and antibiogram of L. monocytogenes recovered from irrigation water and agricultural soil samples collected from Chris Hani and Amathole District Municipalities (DMs) in Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. The distribution of presumptive L. monocytogenes in irrigation water and agricultural soil samples was done using the standard plate count method, while polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to identify the isolates. The confirmed isolates were screened for 9 key virulence markers using PCR after which they were subjected to antibiotic susceptibility testing against 18 antibiotics used for the alleviation of listeriosis using the disk diffusion method. Relevant putative antibiotic resistance genes in the resistant variants were screened for using PCR. The distribution of L. monocytogenes in irrigation water samples was statistically significant (P ≤ 0.05) and ranged from log10 1.00 CFU/100ml to log10 3.75 CFU/100 ml. In agricultural soil samples, the distribution ranged significantly (P ≤ 0.05) from log10 2.10 CFU/g to log10 3.51 CFU/g. Of the 117 presumptive L. monocytogenes recovered from irrigation water samples and 183 presumptive L. monocytogenes isolated from agricultural soil samples, 8 (6.8%) and 12 (6.6%) isolates were confirmed respectively. Nine virulence genes including inlA, inlB, inlC, inlJ, actA, hlyA, plcA, plcB, and iap were detected in all the isolates. The proportion of the isolates exhibiting phenotypic resistance against the test antimicrobials followed the order: tetracycline (90%), doxycycline (85%), cefotaxime (80%), penicillin (80%), chloramphenicol (70%), linezolid (65%), erythromycin (60%) and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (55%). The isolates exhibited multiple antibiotic resistance against 3 or more antibiotics and the MAR indices of all the multidrug isolates were ≥0.2. The isolates harboured antibiotic resistance genes including tetA, tetB, tetC, sulI, sulII, aadA, aac(3)-IIa and ESBLs including blaTEM, blaCTX-M group 9, blaVEBas well as AmpC. None of the isolates harboured the carbapenemases. We conclude that irrigation water and agricultural soil collected from Chris Hani and Amathole District Municipalities (DMs) in Eastern Cape Province of South Africa are reservoirs and potential transmission routes of multidrug-resistant L. monocytogenes to the food web and consequently threat to public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chidozie Declan Iwu
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa.,Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa
| | - Anthony Ifeanyi Okoh
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa.,Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa
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Palma F, Brauge T, Radomski N, Mallet L, Felten A, Mistou MY, Brisabois A, Guillier L, Midelet-Bourdin G. Dynamics of mobile genetic elements of Listeria monocytogenes persisting in ready-to-eat seafood processing plants in France. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:130. [PMID: 32028892 PMCID: PMC7006209 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-6544-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Listeria monocytogenes Clonal Complexes (CCs) have been epidemiologically associated with foods, especially ready-to-eat (RTE) products for which the most likely source of contamination depends on the occurrence of persisting clones in food-processing environments (FPEs). As the ability of L. monocytogenes to adapt to environmental stressors met in the food chain challenges the efforts to its eradication from FPEs, the threat of persistent strains to the food industry and public health authorities continues to rise. In this study, 94 food and FPEs L. monocytogenes isolates, representing persistent subtypes contaminating three French seafood facilities over 2-6 years, were whole-genome sequenced to characterize their genetic diversity and determine the biomarkers associated with long-term survival in FPEs. RESULTS Food and FPEs isolates belonged to five CCs, comprising long-term intra- and inter-plant persisting clones. Mobile genetic elements (MGEs) such as plasmids, prophages and transposons were highly conserved within CCs, some of which harboured genes for resistance to chemical compounds and biocides used in the processing plants. Some of these genes were found in a 90.8 kbp plasmid, predicted to be" mobilizable", identical in isolates from CC204 and CC155, and highly similar to an 81.6 kbp plasmid from isolates belonging to CC7. These similarities suggest horizontal transfer between isolates, accompanied by deletion and homologous recombination in isolates from CC7. Prophage profiles characterized persistent clonal strains and several prophage-loci were plant-associated. Notably, a persistent clone from CC101 harboured a novel 31.5 kbp genomic island that we named Listeria genomic island 3 (LGI3), composed by plant-associated loci and chromosomally integrating cadmium-resistance determinants cadA1C. CONCLUSIONS Genome-wide analysis indicated that inter- and intra-plant persisting clones harbour conserved MGEs, likely acquired in FPEs and maintained by selective pressures. The presence of closely related plasmids in L. monocytogenes CCs supports the hypothesis of horizontal gene transfer conferring enhanced survival to FPE-associated stressors, especially in hard-to-clean harbourage sites. Investigating the MGEs evolutionary and transmission dynamics provides additional resolution to trace-back potentially persistent clones. The biomarkers herein discovered provide new tools for better designing effective strategies for the removal or reduction of resident L. monocytogenes in FPEs to prevent contamination of RTE seafood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Palma
- ANSES, Laboratory for Food Safety, University Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Thomas Brauge
- ANSES, Laboratory for Food Safety, Boulogne-sur-Mer, France
| | - Nicolas Radomski
- ANSES, Laboratory for Food Safety, University Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Ludovic Mallet
- ANSES, Laboratory for Food Safety, University Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Arnaud Felten
- ANSES, Laboratory for Food Safety, University Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Michel-Yves Mistou
- ANSES, Laboratory for Food Safety, University Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort, France
- INRAE, MaIAGE, University Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Anne Brisabois
- ANSES, Laboratory for Food Safety, University Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort, France
- ANSES, Laboratory for Food Safety, Boulogne-sur-Mer, France
| | - Laurent Guillier
- ANSES, Laboratory for Food Safety, University Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort, France
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Papić B, Pate M, Félix B, Kušar D. Genetic diversity of Listeria monocytogenes strains in ruminant abortion and rhombencephalitis cases in comparison with the natural environment. BMC Microbiol 2019; 19:299. [PMID: 31849320 PMCID: PMC6918561 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-019-1676-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Listeria monocytogenes is the causative agent of listeriosis, a serious disease affecting both animals and humans. Here, multilocus sequence typing (MLST) was used to characterize the genetic diversity of Listeria monocytogenes strains isolated from the natural environment and animal clinical cases in Europe. The prevalence of clonal complexes (CCs) obtained was compared according to (i) the origin of isolation - clinical cases vs. natural environment - and (ii) the clinical form of animal listeriosis - rhombencephalitis vs. abortion. To this aim, two datasets were constructed. The clinical dataset consisted of 350 animal clinical isolates originating from France and Slovenia and supplemented with isolates from Switzerland and Great Britain. The natural environment dataset consisted of 253 isolates from the natural environment originating from Slovenia and supplemented with isolates from nine other European countries. RESULTS For the clinical cases, CC1, CC4-CC217 and CC412 were the most prevalent in rhombencephalitis and CC1, CC37 and CC4-CC217 in abortion. The hypervirulent CC1 and CC4-CC217 prevailed in both datasets. These results indicated that livestock is constantly exposed to hypervirulent CCs. CC1 was significantly associated with a clinical origin, whereas CC9, CC29 and CC14 were associated with the natural environment. CC1 was predominant among rhombencephalitis cases both in cattle and small ruminants, and its prevalence did not differ significantly between these two groups. A novel association of CC37 and CC6 with abortion cases was revealed. CONCLUSIONS Here, we show that CC1 and CC4-CC217 are prevalent in isolates of environmental and animal clinical origin, suggesting that ruminants are frequently exposed to hypervirulent CCs. The presence of CC4 in two mastitis cases calls for further attention due to direct threat to the consumer. We showed several associations between CCs and the origin of isolation or clinical form of listeriosis, e.g. CC37 and CC6 with abortion. This study improves our understanding of the population structure of L. monocytogenes isolates from the natural environment and animal clinical cases. Moreover, it provides a basis for future studies aiming to determine the underlying mechanisms of phenotypic traits of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bojan Papić
- Institute of Microbiology and Parasitology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Mateja Pate
- Institute of Microbiology and Parasitology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Benjamin Félix
- ANSES, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety, Laboratory for Food Safety, European Union Reference Laboratory for Listeria monocytogenes, University of Paris-Est, 94700, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Darja Kušar
- Institute of Microbiology and Parasitology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Psareva EK, Egorova IY, Liskova EA, Razheva IV, Gladkova NA, Sokolova EV, Potemkin EA, Zhurilov PA, Mikhaleva TV, Blokhin AA, Chalenko YM, Kolbasov DV, Ermolaeva SА. Retrospective Study of Listeria Monocytogenes Isolated in the Territory of Inner Eurasia from 1947 to 1999. Pathogens 2019; 8:E184. [PMID: 31614553 PMCID: PMC6963828 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens8040184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeriosis is one of the most significant humans and animals foodborne infectious diseases. Here, we characterized 48 Listeria monocytogenes strains isolated in the territory of inner Eurasia during the second half of the 20th century. A total of 23 strains (52.3%) were susceptible to the nine antibiotics tested, 30.43%, 15.22%, and 8.7% were resistant penicillin G, ampicillin, and enrofloxacin, respectively. We applied the multilocus sequence typing (MLST) scheme to determine the phylogenetic positions of the strains. All but one strain belonged to the II phylogenetic lineage, and the majority of the strains belonged to one of the previously described clonal complexes (СCs). More than 60% of the strains belonged to the clonal complex CC7 that prevailed among all sources, including cattle (58%), small ruminants (64%), rodents (71%), and humans (50%). Further, CC7, CC101, and CC124 were found among human isolates. The MLST scheme was supplemented with virulence gene analysis. In total, eight inlA, six inlB, and six inlC allelic variants were found, and all but one strain carried one of the two inlE alleles. Most strains (62.5%) belonged to the same multivirulence locus sequence typing (MvLST) type, which includes CC7, inlA allele 4, inlB allele 14, inlC allele 6, and inlE allele 8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina K Psareva
- Federal Research Center for Virology and Microbiology, Nizhny Novgorod Research Veterinary Institute Branch, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia.
| | - Irina Yu Egorova
- Federal Research Center for Virology and Microbiology, 601125 Volginsky, Russia.
| | - Elena A Liskova
- Federal Research Center for Virology and Microbiology, Nizhny Novgorod Research Veterinary Institute Branch, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia.
| | - Irina V Razheva
- Federal Research Center for Virology and Microbiology, Nizhny Novgorod Research Veterinary Institute Branch, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia.
| | - Nadezda A Gladkova
- Federal Research Center for Virology and Microbiology, Nizhny Novgorod Research Veterinary Institute Branch, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia.
| | - Elena V Sokolova
- Federal Research Center for Virology and Microbiology, Nizhny Novgorod Research Veterinary Institute Branch, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia.
| | - Eugene A Potemkin
- Federal Research Center for Virology and Microbiology, Nizhny Novgorod Research Veterinary Institute Branch, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia.
| | - Pavel A Zhurilov
- Federal Research Center for Virology and Microbiology, Nizhny Novgorod Research Veterinary Institute Branch, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia.
| | - Tatyana V Mikhaleva
- Federal Research Center for Virology and Microbiology, Samara Research Veterinary Institute Branch, Samara 443013, Russia.
| | - Andrei A Blokhin
- Federal Research Center for Virology and Microbiology, Nizhny Novgorod Research Veterinary Institute Branch, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia.
| | - Yaroslava M Chalenko
- Federal Research Center for Virology and Microbiology, Nizhny Novgorod Research Veterinary Institute Branch, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia.
- Gamaleya Research Centre of Epidemiology and Microbiology, 123098 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Denis V Kolbasov
- Federal Research Center for Virology and Microbiology, 601125 Volginsky, Russia.
| | - Svetlana А Ermolaeva
- Federal Research Center for Virology and Microbiology, Nizhny Novgorod Research Veterinary Institute Branch, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia.
- Gamaleya Research Centre of Epidemiology and Microbiology, 123098 Moscow, Russia.
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40
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Papić B, Golob M, Kušar D, Pate M, Zdovc I. Source tracking on a dairy farm reveals a high occurrence of subclinical mastitis due to hypervirulent Listeria monocytogenes clonal complexes. J Appl Microbiol 2019; 127:1349-1361. [PMID: 31432571 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS An extensive source investigation was conducted on a dairy farm with neurolisteriosis and subclinical mastitis cases to identify infection source and potential transmission routes of Listeria monocytogenes. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 36 L. monocytogenes isolates were obtained from animal clinical cases (neurolisteriosis and udder infection) and the farm environment (silage, faeces, water). Isolates were typed using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and whole-genome sequencing (WGS). Their virulence potential was assessed using the gentamicin protection assay and WGS-based identification of virulence genes. PFGE and WGS revealed a high genetic diversity of L. monocytogenes. An epidemiological link was confirmed for isolates from (i) several subclinical mastitis cases, (ii) silage and subclinical mastitis cases and (iii) different water sources. The neurolisteriosis isolate belonged to clonal complex (CC) 1, but infection source was not identified. A high occurrence (9/47 cows; 19·1%) of subclinical mastitis was observed with isolates belonging to CC2, CC4 and CC11. CONCLUSIONS The dairy farm environment was contaminated with diverse L. monocytogenes strains, including genotypes associated with human disease. Several isolates harboured genetic determinants associated with increased infectious potential in humans. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Results suggest that subclinical listerial mastitis should not be neglected as a potential source of milk contamination. The presence of hypervirulent CCs in subclinical mastitis cases calls for the implementation of improved mastitis detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Papić
- Veterinary Faculty, Institute of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - M Golob
- Veterinary Faculty, Institute of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - D Kušar
- Veterinary Faculty, Institute of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - M Pate
- Veterinary Faculty, Institute of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - I Zdovc
- Veterinary Faculty, Institute of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Obaidat MM, Stringer AP. Prevalence, molecular characterization, and antimicrobial resistance profiles of Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella enterica, and Escherichia coli O157:H7 on dairy cattle farms in Jordan. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:8710-8720. [PMID: 31351714 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-16461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This study determined the prevalence, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis profiles, and antimicrobial resistance profile of Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella enterica, and Escherichia coli O157:H7 isolates from dairy cattle farms in Jordan. Samples from bulk tank milk (n = 305), cattle feces (n = 610), and rectoanal mucosal swabs (n = 610) were collected from 61 dairy cattle farms. We confirmed 32 L. monocytogenes, 28 S. enterica, and 24 E. coli O157:H7 isolates from the samples. The farm-level prevalence (at least 1 positive sample per farm) of L. monocytogenes, S. enterica, and E. coli O157:H7 was 27.9, 19.7, and 23.0%, respectively. The prevalence of L. monocytogenes, S. enterica, and E. coli O157:H7 in bulk tank milk was 7.5, 1.6, and 3.3%, respectively. The prevalence of L. monocytogenes and S. enterica in fecal samples was 1.5 and 3.8%, respectively, and the prevalence of E. coli O157:H7 in rectoanal mucosal swabs was 2.3%. Based on disk diffusion testing, all L. monocytogenes, S. enterica, and E. coli O157:H7 isolates exhibited resistance to at least 1 antimicrobial class. Multidrug resistance (resistance to 3 or more classes of antimicrobials) was exhibited by 96.9% of L. monocytogenes, 91.7% of E. coli O157:H7, and 82.1% of S. enterica isolates. Moreover, 93.8, 79.2, and 57.1% of the L. monocytogenes, E. coli O157:H7, and S. enterica isolates, respectively, were resistant to 5 or more antimicrobial classes. More than 50% of L. monocytogenes isolates were resistant to ampicillin, clindamycin, penicillin, erythromycin, quinupristin-dalfopristin, streptomycin, teicoplanin, linezolid, vancomycin, kanamycin, and tetracycline. More than 50% of S. enterica and E. coli O157:H7 isolates were resistant to ampicillin, cephalothin, nalidixic acid, kanamycin, streptomycin, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, and tetracycline. The prevalence of the studied pathogens this study was comparable to reports from other countries. The isolated pathogens exhibited a high degree of antimicrobial resistance, suggesting that the bacterial flora of dairy cattle in Jordan are under intense antimicrobial selection pressure. Additional research is required to determine the causes and drivers of resistance, and to develop approaches to mitigating antimicrobial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad M Obaidat
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan.
| | - Andrew P Stringer
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27607
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42
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Maury MM, Bracq-Dieye H, Huang L, Vales G, Lavina M, Thouvenot P, Disson O, Leclercq A, Brisse S, Lecuit M. Hypervirulent Listeria monocytogenes clones' adaption to mammalian gut accounts for their association with dairy products. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2488. [PMID: 31171794 PMCID: PMC6554400 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10380-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) is a major human and animal foodborne pathogen. Here we show that hypervirulent Lm clones, particularly CC1, are strongly associated with dairy products, whereas hypovirulent clones, CC9 and CC121, are associated with meat products. Clone adaptation to distinct ecological niches and/or different food products contamination routes may account for this uneven distribution. Indeed, hypervirulent clones colonize better the intestinal lumen and invade more intestinal tissues than hypovirulent ones, reflecting their adaption to host environment. Conversely, hypovirulent clones are adapted to food processing environments, with a higher prevalence of stress resistance and benzalkonium chloride tolerance genes and a higher survival and biofilm formation capacity in presence of sub-lethal benzalkonium chloride concentrations. Lm virulence heterogeneity therefore reflects the diversity of the ecological niches in which it evolves. These results also have important public health implications and may help in reducing food contamination and improving food consumption recommendations to at-risk populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mylène M Maury
- Biology of Infection Unit, Inserm U1117, Institut Pasteur, 75015, Paris, France.,National Reference Centre and WHO Collaborating Centre for Listeria, Institut Pasteur, 75015, Paris, France.,Microbial Evolutionary Genomics Unit, CNRS UMR 3525, Institut Pasteur, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Hélène Bracq-Dieye
- Biology of Infection Unit, Inserm U1117, Institut Pasteur, 75015, Paris, France.,National Reference Centre and WHO Collaborating Centre for Listeria, Institut Pasteur, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Lei Huang
- Biology of Infection Unit, Inserm U1117, Institut Pasteur, 75015, Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot, Université de Paris, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Guillaume Vales
- Biology of Infection Unit, Inserm U1117, Institut Pasteur, 75015, Paris, France.,National Reference Centre and WHO Collaborating Centre for Listeria, Institut Pasteur, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Morgane Lavina
- Biology of Infection Unit, Inserm U1117, Institut Pasteur, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Thouvenot
- Biology of Infection Unit, Inserm U1117, Institut Pasteur, 75015, Paris, France.,National Reference Centre and WHO Collaborating Centre for Listeria, Institut Pasteur, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Disson
- Biology of Infection Unit, Inserm U1117, Institut Pasteur, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Alexandre Leclercq
- Biology of Infection Unit, Inserm U1117, Institut Pasteur, 75015, Paris, France.,National Reference Centre and WHO Collaborating Centre for Listeria, Institut Pasteur, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Sylvain Brisse
- Microbial Evolutionary Genomics Unit, CNRS UMR 3525, Institut Pasteur, 75015, Paris, France.,Biodiversity and Epidemiology of Bacterial Pathogens Unit, Institut Pasteur, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Marc Lecuit
- Biology of Infection Unit, Inserm U1117, Institut Pasteur, 75015, Paris, France. .,National Reference Centre and WHO Collaborating Centre for Listeria, Institut Pasteur, 75015, Paris, France. .,Paris Descartes University, Institut Imagine, Necker-Enfants Malades University Hospital, Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, APHP, 75006, Paris, France.
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Chen M, Cheng J, Zhang J, Chen Y, Zeng H, Xue L, Lei T, Pang R, Wu S, Wu H, Zhang S, Wei X, Zhang Y, Ding Y, Wu Q. Isolation, Potential Virulence, and Population Diversity of Listeria monocytogenes From Meat and Meat Products in China. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:946. [PMID: 31134008 PMCID: PMC6514097 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a globally notorious foodborne pathogen. This study aimed to qualitatively and quantitatively detect L. monocytogenes from meat and meat products in China and to establish their virulence profiles and population diversity. From 1212 meat and meat product samples, 362 (29.9%) were positive for L. monocytogenes. Of these positive samples, 90.6% (328/362) had less than 10 MPN/g, 5.5% (20/364) samples had 10-110 MPN/g, and 3.9% (14/362) of the positive samples had over 110 MPN/g. Serogroup analysis showed that the most prevalent serogroup of L. monocytogenes was I.1 (1/2a-3a), which accounted for 45.0% (123/458) of the total, followed by serogroup I.2 (1/2c-3c) that comprised 26.9%, serogroup II.1 (4b-4d-4e) that comprised 4.8%, and serogroup II.2 (1/2b-3b-7) that comprised 23.3%. A total of 458 isolates were grouped into 35 sequence types (STs) that belonged to 25 clonal complexes (CCs) and one singleton (ST619) by multi-locus sequence typing. The most prevalent ST was ST9 (26.9%), followed by ST8 (17.9%), ST87 (15.3%), ST155 (9.4%), and ST121 (7.6%). Thirty-seven isolates harbored the llsX gene (representing LIPI-3), and they belonged to ST1/CC1, ST3/CC3, ST288/CC288, ST323/CC288, ST330/CC288, ST515/CC1, and ST619, among which ST323/CC288, ST330/CC288, and ST515/CC1 were newly reported to carry LIPI-3. Seventy-five isolates carried ptsA, and they belonged to ST87/CC87, ST88/CC88, and ST619, indicating that consumers may be exposed to potential hypervirulent L. monocytogenes. Antibiotics susceptibility tests revealed that over 90% of the isolates were susceptible to 11 antibiotics; however, 40.0% of the isolates exhibited resistance against ampicillin and 11.8% against tetracycline; further, 45.0 and 4.6% were intermediate resistant and resistant to ciprofloxacin, respectively. The rise of antibiotic resistance in L. monocytogenes suggests that stricter regulations should be formulated to restrict the use of antibiotic agents in human listeriosis treatment and livestock breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moutong Chen
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianheng Cheng
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jumei Zhang
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuetao Chen
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangzhou, China
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haiyan Zeng
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liang Xue
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tao Lei
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui Pang
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shi Wu
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haoming Wu
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuhong Zhang
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianhu Wei
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangzhou, China
| | - Youxiong Zhang
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Ding
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingping Wu
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangzhou, China
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Mohammed AN, Abdel Aziz SAA. Novel approach for controlling resistant Listeria monocytogenes to antimicrobials using different disinfectants types loaded on silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:1954-1961. [PMID: 30460655 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3773-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A combined use of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with different types of disinfectants as antimicrobial might be useful in mitigating the problem of development of bacterial resistance with a strong enhancement of the biocidal effect of disinfectants. To evaluate the biocidal activity of silver nanoparticles and its loaded forms, five commercial disinfectants (quaternary ammonium compounds (benzalkonium chloride (BC) and TH4+), Virkon®S, sodium hypochlorite, and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)) were used against Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes) isolates at different concentrations and exposure times to reveal intra-species variability and the percentage of resistance to antimicrobial agents used. Therefore, a total of 260 specimens from animal and human stool as well as environmental samples from dairy cattle farms were cultured for isolation of L. monocytogenes. Thereafter, bacterial isolates were identified using PCR. Silver nanoparticle was synthesized using chemical reduction. Both silver nanoparticles and its loaded forms were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The sensitivity test of 60 strains of L. monocytogenes bacteria to AgNPs and its loaded forms was evaluated using broth macrodilution method. Virkon®S/AgNPs 2.0% exhibited the highest bactericidal effect (100%) against L. monocytogenes strains followed by H2O2/AgNPs 5.0% and TH4+/AgNPs 1.0% (90% each). Furthermore, the percentage of resistance of L. monocytogenes was 0.0% to both H2O2/AgNPs 5.0% and Virkon®S/AgNPs 2.0%. In conclusion, monitoring the main source of contamination with Listeria monocytogenes in dairy cattle farms is an essential factor to achieve an efficient control. Moreover, the use of the disinfectants, Virkon®S 2.0%, H2O2 5.0%, and TH4+1.0%, loaded on silver nanoparticles composite had the strong bactericidal effect against L. monocytogenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa Nady Mohammed
- Department of Hygiene, Zoonoses and Epidemiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62511, Egypt.
| | - Sahar Abdel Aleem Abdel Aziz
- Department of Hygiene, Zoonoses and Epidemiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62511, Egypt
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