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Hou Z, Pan H, Gu M, Chen X, Ying T, Qiao P, Cao J, Wang H, Hu T, Zheng L, Zhong W. Simultaneously degradation of various phthalate esters by Rhodococcus sp. AH-ZY2: Strain, omics and enzymatic study. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 474:134776. [PMID: 38852255 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Phthalate esters (PAEs) are widely used as plasticizers and cause serious complex pollution problem in environment. Thus, strains with efficient ability to simultaneously degrade various PAEs are required. In this study, a newly isolated strain Rhodococcus sp. AH-ZY2 can degrade 500 mg/L Di-n-octyl phthalate completely within 16 h and other 500 mg/L PAEs almost completely within 48 h at 37 °C, 180 rpm, and 2 % (v/v) inoculum size of cultures with a OD600 of 0.8. OD600 = 0.8, 2 % (v/v). Twenty genes in its genome were annotated as potential esterase and four of them (3963, 4547, 5294 and 5359) were heterogeneously expressed and characterized. Esterase 3963 and 4547 is a type I PAEs esterase that hydrolyzes PAEs to phthalate monoesters. Esterase 5294 is a type II PAEs esterase that hydrolyzes phthalate monoesters to phthalate acid (PA). Esterase 5359 is a type III PAEs esterase that simultaneously degrades various PAEs to PA. Molecular docking results of 5359 suggested that the size and indiscriminate binding feature of spacious substrate binding pocket may contribute to its substrate versatility. AH-ZY2 is a potential strain for efficient remediation of PAEs complex pollution in environment. It is first to report an esterase that can efficiently degrade mixed various PAEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyu Hou
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Hejuan Pan
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Mengjie Gu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Xiaowang Chen
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Tongtong Ying
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Pei Qiao
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Junwei Cao
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Haixia Wang
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Tong Hu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Lianbao Zheng
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Weihong Zhong
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
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Mu B, Sadowski P, Te'o J, Patel B, Pathiraja N, Dudley K. Identification and characterisation of moderately thermostable diisobutyl phthalate degrading esterase from a Great Artesian Basin Bacillus velezensis NP05. BIOTECHNOLOGY REPORTS (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2024; 42:e00840. [PMID: 38645886 PMCID: PMC11033087 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2024.e00840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Phthalate esters are known to be endocrine disrupting chemicals and are documented to pollute environments. Enzymatic degradation of PAEs is a potential bioremedial strategy to manage contamination. Thermostable bioremedial enzymes have advantages in enzyme manufacturing and storage. In this study, we identified, overexpressed, and characterised a moderately thermostable para-nitrobenzyl esterase from whole genome sequencing of a Bacillus velezensis NP05 from the Great Artesian Basin, capable of sequential 2-step hydrolysis of diisobutyl phthalate. The pnbA enzyme has a molecular weight of 55.14 kDa and pI of 5.31. It preferentially degrades para-nitrophenyl butanoate and has an optimal pH of 7-8. The pnbA esterase has an optimal temperature of 55 °C with a half-life of 4 h. Using HPLC we found that pnbA (0.122 U) can hydrolyse 0.83 mM of DIBP within 25 min. Lastly, pnbA is potentially a more economically viable candidate for enzymatic bioremediation of diisobutyl phthalate as a free enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Mu
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), The School of Biology and Environmental Science (BES), 2 George St Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Central Analytical Research Facility (CARF), 2 George St Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
| | - Pawel Sadowski
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Central Analytical Research Facility (CARF), 2 George St Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
| | - Junior Te'o
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), The School of Biology and Environmental Science (BES), 2 George St Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
| | - Bharat Patel
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), The School of Biology and Environmental Science (BES), 2 George St Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
| | - Nayana Pathiraja
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), The School of Biology and Environmental Science (BES), 2 George St Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
| | - Kevin Dudley
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), The School of Biology and Environmental Science (BES), 2 George St Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Central Analytical Research Facility (CARF), 2 George St Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
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3
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Daunoras J, Kačergius A, Gudiukaitė R. Role of Soil Microbiota Enzymes in Soil Health and Activity Changes Depending on Climate Change and the Type of Soil Ecosystem. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:85. [PMID: 38392304 PMCID: PMC10886310 DOI: 10.3390/biology13020085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
The extracellular enzymes secreted by soil microorganisms play a pivotal role in the decomposition of organic matter and the global cycles of carbon (C), phosphorus (P), and nitrogen (N), also serving as indicators of soil health and fertility. Current research is extensively analyzing these microbial populations and enzyme activities in diverse soil ecosystems and climatic regions, such as forests, grasslands, tropics, arctic regions and deserts. Climate change, global warming, and intensive agriculture are altering soil enzyme activities. Yet, few reviews have thoroughly explored the key enzymes required for soil fertility and the effects of abiotic factors on their functionality. A comprehensive review is thus essential to better understand the role of soil microbial enzymes in C, P, and N cycles, and their response to climate changes, soil ecosystems, organic farming, and fertilization. Studies indicate that the soil temperature, moisture, water content, pH, substrate availability, and average annual temperature and precipitation significantly impact enzyme activities. Additionally, climate change has shown ambiguous effects on these activities, causing both reductions and enhancements in enzyme catalytic functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jokūbas Daunoras
- Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Sauletekis Av. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Audrius Kačergius
- Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Kedainiai Distr., LT-58344 Akademija, Lithuania
| | - Renata Gudiukaitė
- Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Sauletekis Av. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
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Singh S, Thakur RS, Manickam N. Insights into molecular mechanism of plasticizer biodegradation in Dietzia kunjamensis IITR165 and Brucella intermedia IITR166 isolated from a solid waste dumpsite. J Appl Microbiol 2023; 134:lxad231. [PMID: 37838476 DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxad231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Isolation of phthalate esters (PAEs) degrading bacteria from a solid waste dumpsite could degrade many plasticizers efficiently and to investigate their degrading kinetics, pathways, and genes. METHODS AND RESULTS Based on their 16S rRNA gene sequence the strains were identified as Dietzia kunjamensis IITR165 and Brucella intermedia IITR166, which showed a first-order degradation kinetic model under lab conditions. The quantification of phthalates and their intermediate metabolites identification were done by using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) and gas chromatography-tandem mass-spectrometry (GC-MS/MS), respectively. Both the bacteria utilized >99% dibutyl phthalate at a high concentration of 100-400 mg L-1 within 192 h as monitored by UHPLC. GC-MS/MS revealed the presence of metabolites dimethyl phthalate (DMP), phthalic acid (PA), and benzoic acid (BA) during DBP degradation by IITR165 while monobutyl phthalate (MBP) and PA were identified in IITR166. Phthalate esters degrading gene cluster in IITR165 comprised two novel genes coding for carboxylesterase (dkca1) and mono-alkyl phthalate hydrolase (maph), having only 37.47% and 47.74% homology, respectively, with reported phthalate degradation genes, along with the terephthalate dioxygenase system (tphA1, A2, A3, and B). However, IITR166 harbored different gene clusters comprising di-alkyl phthalate hydrolase (dph_bi), and phthalate dioxygenase (ophA, B, and C) genes. CONCLUSIONS Two novel bacterial strains, Dietzia kunjamensis IITR165 and Brucella intermedia IITR166, were isolated and found to efficiently degrade DBP at high concentrations. The degradation followed first-order kinetics, and both strains exhibited a removal efficiency of over 99%. Metabolite analysis revealed that both bacteria utilized de-methylation, de-esterification, and decarboxylation steps during degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Singh
- FEST Division, Environmental Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ravindra Singh Thakur
- Analytical Sciences and Accredited Testing Services, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Natesan Manickam
- FEST Division, Environmental Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Zhao Z, Liu Y, Liu C, Xu Q, Song M, Yan H. Whole-genome analysis of Comamonas sp. USTBZA1 for biodegrading diethyl phthalate. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:329. [PMID: 37670801 PMCID: PMC10475450 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03736-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Extensive use of phthalic acid esters (PAEs) as plasticizer causes diffusion into the environment, which posed a great threat to mankind. It was reported that Comamonas sp. was a potentially robust aromatic biodegrader. Although the biodegradation of several PAEs by Comamonas sp. was studies, the comprehensive genomic analysis of Comamonas sp. was few reported. In the present study, one promising bacterial strain for biodegrading diethyl phthalate (DEP) was successfully isolated from activated sludge and characterized as Comamonas sp. USTBZA1 based on the 16S rRNA sequence analysis. The results showed that pH 7.5, 30 °C and inoculum volume ratio of 6% were optimal for biodegradation. Initial DEP of 50 mg/L could be completely biodegrade by strain USTBZA1 within 24 h which conformed to the Gompertz model. Based on the Q-TOF LC/MS analysis, monoethyl phthalate (MEP) and phthalic acid (PA) were identified as the metabolic products of DEP biodegradation by USTBZA1. Furthermore, the whole genome of Comamonas sp. USTBZA1 was analyzed to clarify the molecular mechanism for PAEs biodegradation by USTBZA1. There were 3 and 41 genes encoding esterase/arylesterase and hydrolase, respectively, and two genes regions (pht34512 and pht4253) were responsible for the conversion of PA to protocatechuate (PCA), and two genes regions (ligCBAIKJ) were involved in PCA metabolism in USTBZA1. These results substantiated that Comamonas sp. USTBZA1 has potential application in the DEP bioremediation. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-023-03736-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Zhao
- College of Seed and Facility Agricultural Engineering, Weifang University, Weifang, 261061 China
| | - Yanfeng Liu
- Weifang Ecological Environment Monitoring Center of Shandong Province, Weifang, 261011 China
| | - Chao Liu
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology, Beijing, Beijing, 100083 China
| | - Qianqian Xu
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology, Beijing, Beijing, 100083 China
| | - Meijie Song
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology, Beijing, Beijing, 100083 China
| | - Hai Yan
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology, Beijing, Beijing, 100083 China
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6
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Fan S, Guo J, Han S, Du H, Wang Z, Fu Y, Han H, Hou X, Wang W. A Novel and Efficient Phthalate Hydrolase from Acinetobacter sp. LUNF3: Molecular Cloning, Characterization and Catalytic Mechanism. Molecules 2023; 28:6738. [PMID: 37764514 PMCID: PMC10537300 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28186738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Phthalic acid esters (PAEs), which are widespread environmental contaminants, can be efficiently biodegraded, mediated by enzymes such as hydrolases. Despite great advances in the characterization of PAE hydrolases, which are the most important enzymes in the process of PAE degradation, their molecular catalytic mechanism has rarely been systematically investigated. Acinetobacter sp. LUNF3, which was isolated from contaminated soil in this study, demonstrated excellent PAE degradation at 30 °C and pH 5.0-11.0. After sequencing and annotating the complete genome, the gene dphAN1, encoding a novel putative PAE hydrolase, was identified with the conserved motifs catalytic triad (Ser201-Asp295-His325) and oxyanion hole (H127GGG130). DphAN1 can hydrolyze DEP (diethyl phthalate), DBP (dibutyl phthalate) and BBP (benzyl butyl phthalate). The high activity of DphAN1 was observed under a wide range of temperature (10-40 °C) and pH (6.0-9.0). Moreover, the metal ions (Fe2+, Mn2+, Cr2+ and Fe3+) and surfactant TritonX-100 significantly activated DphAN1, indicating a high adaptability and tolerance of DphAN1 to these chemicals. Molecular docking revealed the catalytic triad, oxyanion hole and other residues involved in binding DBP. The mutation of these residues reduced the activity of DphAN1, confirming their interaction with DBP. These results shed light on the catalytic mechanism of DphAN1 and may contribute to protein structural modification to improve catalytic efficiency in environment remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuanghu Fan
- College of Life Science, Langfang Normal University, Langfang 065000, China; (S.F.); (S.H.); (H.D.); (Z.W.); (Y.F.); (H.H.)
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
- Technical Innovation Center for Utilization of Edible and Medicinal Fungi in Hebei Province, Langfang 065000, China
| | - Jingjing Guo
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Langfang Normal University, Langfang 065000, China;
| | - Shaoyan Han
- College of Life Science, Langfang Normal University, Langfang 065000, China; (S.F.); (S.H.); (H.D.); (Z.W.); (Y.F.); (H.H.)
| | - Haina Du
- College of Life Science, Langfang Normal University, Langfang 065000, China; (S.F.); (S.H.); (H.D.); (Z.W.); (Y.F.); (H.H.)
| | - Zimeng Wang
- College of Life Science, Langfang Normal University, Langfang 065000, China; (S.F.); (S.H.); (H.D.); (Z.W.); (Y.F.); (H.H.)
| | - Yajuan Fu
- College of Life Science, Langfang Normal University, Langfang 065000, China; (S.F.); (S.H.); (H.D.); (Z.W.); (Y.F.); (H.H.)
- Technical Innovation Center for Utilization of Edible and Medicinal Fungi in Hebei Province, Langfang 065000, China
| | - Hui Han
- College of Life Science, Langfang Normal University, Langfang 065000, China; (S.F.); (S.H.); (H.D.); (Z.W.); (Y.F.); (H.H.)
- Technical Innovation Center for Utilization of Edible and Medicinal Fungi in Hebei Province, Langfang 065000, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Hou
- College of Life Science, Langfang Normal University, Langfang 065000, China; (S.F.); (S.H.); (H.D.); (Z.W.); (Y.F.); (H.H.)
- Technical Innovation Center for Utilization of Edible and Medicinal Fungi in Hebei Province, Langfang 065000, China
| | - Weixuan Wang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
- National Nanfan Research Institute (Sanya), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya 572024, China
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Cheng J, Du H, Zhou MS, Ji Y, Xie YQ, Huang HB, Zhang SH, Li F, Xiang L, Cai QY, Li YW, Li H, Li M, Zhao HM, Mo CH. Substrate-enzyme interactions and catalytic mechanism in a novel family VI esterase with dibutyl phthalate-hydrolyzing activity. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 178:108054. [PMID: 37354883 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
Microbial degradation has been confirmed as effective and environmentally friendly approach to remediate phthalates from the environment, and hydrolase is an effective element for contaminant degradation. In the present study, a novel dibutyl phthalate (DBP)-hydrolyzing carboxylesterase (named PS06828) from Pseudomonas sp. PS1 was heterogeneously expressed in E. coli, which was identified as a new member of the lipolytic family VI. Purified PS06828 could efficiently degrade DBP with a wide range of temperature (25-37 °C) and pH (6.5-9.0). Multi-spectroscopy methods combined with molecular docking were employed to study the interaction of PS06828 with DBP. Fluorescence and UV-visible absorption spectra revealed the simultaneous presence of static and dynamic component in the fluorescence quenching of PS06828 by DBP. Synchronous fluorescence and circular dichroism spectra showed inconspicuous alteration in micro-environmental polarity around amino acid residues but obvious increasing of α-helix and reducing of β-sheet and random coil in protein conformation. Based on the information on exact binding sites of DBP on PS06828 provided by molecular docking, the catalytic mechanism mediated by key residues (Ser113, Asp166, and His197) was proposed and subsequently confirmed by site-directed mutagenesis. The results can strengthen our mechanistic understanding of family VI esterase involved in hydrolysis of phthalic acid esters, and provide a solid foundation for further enzymatic modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiliang Cheng
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Huan Du
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Guangzhou Customs Technology Center, No. 66 Huacheng Avenue, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meng-Sha Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yuan Ji
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - You-Qun Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - He-Biao Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Shu-Hui Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Fen Li
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Lei Xiang
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Quan-Ying Cai
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yan-Wen Li
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Hui Li
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Meng Li
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Hai-Ming Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Ce-Hui Mo
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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8
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Liu YY, Zhang YX, Wen HM, Liu XL, Fan XJ. Cloning and rational modification of a cold-adapted esterase for phthalate esters and parabens degradation. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 325:138393. [PMID: 36925017 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Phthalate esters (PAEs) and parabens are environmental pollutants that can be toxic to human health. Herein, a cold-adapted esterase from the Mao-tofu metagenome named Est1260 was screened for its PAE-hydrolyzing potential in cold temperatures. The results showed that purified Est1260 could degrade a variety of PAEs and parabens at temperatures as low as 0 °C. After careful analysis of the structural information and molecular docking, site-saturation mutation was conducted at the identified hotspots. Protein expression of variant A1B6 doubled, and its thermal stability significantly improved (24 times) without sacrificing activity at low temperatures. In addition, Est1260 and its variants were activated by NaCl and demonstrated resistance to high concentrations of saline (up to 5 M), making it a potential biocatalyst for bioremediation of PAE and paraben-polluted environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Yan Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Rd, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China; Clinical Laboratory of Suzhou First People's Hospital, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Xin Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Rd, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua-Mei Wen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Rd, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Long Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Rd, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xin-Jiong Fan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Rd, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China.
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Lai J, Huang H, Lin M, Xu Y, Li X, Sun B. Enzyme catalyzes ester bond synthesis and hydrolysis: The key step for sustainable usage of plastics. Front Microbiol 2023; 13:1113705. [PMID: 36713200 PMCID: PMC9878459 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1113705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Petro-plastic wastes cause serious environmental contamination that require effective solutions. Developing alternatives to petro-plastics and exploring feasible degrading methods are two solving routes. Bio-plastics like polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), polylactic acid (PLA), polycaprolactone (PCL), poly (butylene succinate) (PBS), poly (ethylene furanoate) s (PEFs) and poly (ethylene succinate) (PES) have emerged as promising alternatives. Meanwhile, biodegradation plays important roles in recycling plastics (e.g., bio-plastics PHAs, PLA, PCL, PBS, PEFs and PES) and petro-plastics poly (ethylene terephthalate) (PET) and plasticizers in plastics (e.g., phthalate esters, PAEs). All these bio- and petro-materials show structure similarity by connecting monomers through ester bond. Thus, this review focused on bio-plastics and summarized the sequences and structures of the microbial enzymes catalyzing ester-bond synthesis. Most of these synthetic enzymes belonged to α/β-hydrolases with conserved serine catalytic active site and catalyzed the polymerization of monomers by forming ester bond. For enzymatic plastic degradation, enzymes about PHAs, PBS, PCL, PEFs, PES and PET were discussed, and most of the enzymes also belonged to the α/β hydrolases with a catalytic active residue serine, and nucleophilically attacked the ester bond of substrate to generate the cleavage of plastic backbone. Enzymes hydrolysis of the representative plasticizer PAEs were divided into three types (I, II, and III). Type I enzymes hydrolyzed only one ester-bond of PAEs, type II enzymes catalyzed the ester-bond of mono-ester phthalates, and type III enzymes hydrolyzed di-ester bonds of PAEs. Divergences of catalytic mechanisms among these enzymes were still unclear. This review provided references for producing bio-plastics, and degrading or recycling of bio- and petro-plastics from an enzymatic point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghui Lai
- Key Laboratory of Brewing Microbiology and Enzymatic Molecular Engineering of China General Chamber of Commence, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Huiqin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Brewing Microbiology and Enzymatic Molecular Engineering of China General Chamber of Commence, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Mengwei Lin
- Key Laboratory of Brewing Microbiology and Enzymatic Molecular Engineering of China General Chamber of Commence, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Youqiang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Brewing Microbiology and Enzymatic Molecular Engineering of China General Chamber of Commence, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Youqiang Xu, ✉
| | - Xiuting Li
- Key Laboratory of Brewing Microbiology and Enzymatic Molecular Engineering of China General Chamber of Commence, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China,Key Laboratory of Brewing Molecular Engineering of China Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Baoguo Sun
- Key Laboratory of Brewing Microbiology and Enzymatic Molecular Engineering of China General Chamber of Commence, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China,Key Laboratory of Brewing Molecular Engineering of China Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
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Fan X, Gu C, Jin Z, Cai J, Bian Y, Wang F, Chen H, Jiang X. Major biotransformation of phthalic acid esters in Eisenia fetida: Mechanistic insights and association with catalytic enzymes and intestinal symbionts. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 171:107712. [PMID: 36577298 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Phthalic acid esters (PAEs) are an important group of organic pollutants that are widely used as plasticizers in the environment. The PAEs in soil organisms are likely to be biotransformed into a variety of metabolites, and the combined toxicity of PAEs and their metabolites might be more serious than PAEs alone. However, there are only a few studies on PAE biotransformation by terrestrial animals, e.g. earthworms. Herein, the key biotransformation pathways of PAEs and their association with catalytic enzymes and intestinal symbionts in earthworms were studied using in vivo and in vitro incubation approaches. The widely distributed PAE in soil, dibutyl phthalate (DBP), was proven to be biotransformed rapidly together with apparent bioaccumulation in earthworms. The biotransformation of PAE congeners with medium or long side chains appeared to be faster compared with those with short side chains. DBP was biotransformed into butyl methyl phthalate (BMP), monobutyl phthalate (MBP), and phthalic acid (PA) through esterolysis and transesterification. Besides, the generation of small quantities of low-molecular weight metabolites via β-oxidation, decarboxylation or ring-cleavage, was also observed, especially when the appropriate proportion of NADPH coenzyme was applied to transfer electrons for oxidases. Interestingly, the esterolysis of PAEs was mainly regulated by the cytoplasmic carboxylesterase (CarE) in earthworms, with a Michaelis constant (Km) of 0.416 mM in the catalysis of DBP. The stronger esterolysis in non-intestinal tissues indicated that the CarE was primarily secreted by non-intestinal tissues of earthworms. Additionally, the intestinal symbiotic bacteria of earthworms could respond to PAE stress, leading to the changes in their diversity and composition. The enrichment of some genera e.g. Bacillus and Paracoccus, and the enhancement of metabolism function, e.g. amino acids, energy, lipids biosynthesis and oxidase secretion, indicated their important role in the degradation of PAEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuli Fan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, PR China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Chenggang Gu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, PR China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China.
| | - Zhihua Jin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, PR China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Jun Cai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, PR China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Yongrong Bian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, PR China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Fang Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, PR China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Hong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, PR China
| | - Xin Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, PR China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
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11
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Wang J, Tian Y, Wei J, Yu H, Lyu C, Song Y. Impacts of dibutyl phthalate on biological municipal wastewater treatment in a pilot-scale A 2/O-MBR system. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 308:136559. [PMID: 36207797 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Dibutyl phthalate (DBP) is a typical contaminant in pharmaceutical wastewater with strong bio-depressive properties which potentially affects the operation of municipal wastewater treatment systems. Based on a year-round monitoring of the quality of influent and effluent of a full-scale pharmaceutical wastewater treatment plant in Northeast China, the DBP was found to be the representative pollutant and its concentration in the effluent ranged 4.28 ± 0.93 mg/L. In this study, the negative effects of DBP on a pilot-scale A2/O-MBR system was investigated. When the influent DBP concentration reached 8.0 mg/L, the removals of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total nitrogen (TN) were significantly inhabited (P < 0.01), with the effluent concentration of 54.7 ± 2.6 mg/L and 22.8 ± 3.7 mg/L, respectively. The analysis of pollutant removal characteristics of each process unit showed that DBP had the most significant effects on the removals of COD and TN in the anoxic tank. The α- and β-diversity in the system decreased significantly when the influent DBP concentration reached 8.0 mg/L. The impacts of DBP on known nitrifying bacteria, such as Nitrospira, and phosphorus accumulating organisms (PAOs), such as Cadidatus Accumulibacter, were not remarkable. Whereas, DBP negatively affected the proliferation of key denitrifying bacteria, represented by Simplicispira, Dechloromonas and Acinetobacter. This study systematically revealed the impacts of DBP on the pollutants removal performance and the bacterial community structure of the biological municipal wastewater treatment process, which would provide insights for understanding the potential impacts of residues in treated pharmaceutical wastewater on biological municipal wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Dayangfang 8, Anwai Beiyuan, Chaoyang District, 100012 Beijing, China; State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yucheng Tian
- School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China; School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jian Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Dayangfang 8, Anwai Beiyuan, Chaoyang District, 100012 Beijing, China.
| | - Huibin Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Dayangfang 8, Anwai Beiyuan, Chaoyang District, 100012 Beijing, China
| | - Chunjian Lyu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Dayangfang 8, Anwai Beiyuan, Chaoyang District, 100012 Beijing, China
| | - Yonghui Song
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Dayangfang 8, Anwai Beiyuan, Chaoyang District, 100012 Beijing, China; State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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12
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Balci E, Rosales E, Pazos M, Sofuoglu A, Sanroman MA. Continuous treatment of diethyl hexyl and dibutyl phthalates by fixed-bed reactor: Comparison of two esterase bionanocomposites. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 363:127990. [PMID: 36130686 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The removal of Diethyl hexyl phthalate (DEHP) and Dibutyl phthalate (DBP) is of great importance due to their potential adverse effects on the environment and human health. In this study, two bionanocomposites prepared by immobilization of Bacillus subtilis esterase by crosslinking to halloysite and supported in chitosan and alginate beads were studied and proposed as a green approach. The esterase immobilization was confirmed by physical-chemical characterization. Bionanocomposite using chitosan showed the best degradation levels in batch tests attaining complete degradation of DBP and around 90% of DEHP. To determine the operational stability and efficiency of the system, two fixed bed reactors filled with both bionanocomposites were carried out operating in continuous mode. Chitosan based bionanocomposite showed the best performance being able to completely remove DBP and more than 85% of DEHP at the different flowrates. These results proved the potential of these synthesized bionanocomposites to effectively remove Phthalic Acid Esters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esin Balci
- CINTECX, Universidade de Vigo, Grupo de Bioingeniería y Procesos Sostenibles, Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Campus Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain; Izmir Institute of Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Environmental Engineering, 35430 Urla/İzmir, Turkey
| | - Emilio Rosales
- CINTECX, Universidade de Vigo, Grupo de Bioingeniería y Procesos Sostenibles, Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Campus Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Marta Pazos
- CINTECX, Universidade de Vigo, Grupo de Bioingeniería y Procesos Sostenibles, Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Campus Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Aysun Sofuoglu
- Izmir Institute of Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, 35430 Urla/İzmir, Turkey
| | - Maria Angeles Sanroman
- CINTECX, Universidade de Vigo, Grupo de Bioingeniería y Procesos Sostenibles, Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Campus Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain.
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13
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Bhattacharyya M, Basu S, Dhar R, Dutta TK. Phthalate hydrolase: distribution, diversity and molecular evolution. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2022; 14:333-346. [PMID: 34816599 DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.13028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The alpha/beta-fold superfamily of hydrolases is rapidly becoming one of the largest groups of structurally related enzymes with diverse catalytic functions. In this superfamily of enzymes, esterase deserves special attention because of their wide distribution in biological systems and importance towards environmental and industrial applications. Among various esterases, phthalate hydrolases are the key alpha/beta enzymes involved in the metabolism of structurally diverse estrogenic phthalic acid esters, ubiquitously distributed synthetic chemicals, used as plasticizer in plastic manufacturing processes. Although they vary both at the sequence and functional levels, these hydrolases use a similar acid-base-nucleophile catalytic mechanism to catalyse reactions on structurally different substrates. The current review attempts to present insights on phthalate hydrolases, describing their sources, structural diversities, phylogenetic affiliations and catalytically different types or classes of enzymes, categorized as diesterase, monoesterase and diesterase-monoesterase, capable of hydrolysing phthalate diester, phthalate monoester and both respectively. Furthermore, available information on in silico analyses and site-directed mutagenesis studies revealing structure-function integrity and altered enzyme kinetics have been highlighted along with the possible scenario of their evolution at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Suman Basu
- Department of Microbiology, Bose Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Rinita Dhar
- Department of Microbiology, Bose Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Tapan K Dutta
- Department of Microbiology, Bose Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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14
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Phthalate Esters Metabolic Strain Gordonia sp. GZ-YC7, a Potential Soil Degrader for High Concentration Di-(2-ethylhexyl) Phthalate. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10030641. [PMID: 35336217 PMCID: PMC8955600 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10030641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
As commonly used chemical plasticizers in plastic products, phthalate esters have become a serious ubiquitous environmental pollutant, such as in soil of plastic film mulch culture. Microbial degradation or transformation was regarded as a suitable strategy to solve the phthalate esters pollution. Thus, a new phthalate esters degrading strain Gordonia sp. GZ-YC7 was isolated in this study, which exhibited the highest di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate degradation efficiency under 1000 mg/L and the strongest tolerance to 4000 mg/L. The comparative genomic analysis results showed that there exist diverse esterases for various phthalate esters such as di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate and dibutyl phthalate in Gordonia sp. GZ-YC7. This genome characteristic possibly contributes to its broad substrate spectrum, high degrading efficiency, and high tolerance to phthalate esters. Gordonia sp. GZ-YC7 has potential for the bioremediation of phthalate esters in polluted soil environments.
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15
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Zhou M, Li Y. Modification of PAE-degrading Esterase(CarEW) for Higher Degradation Efficiency Through Integrated Homology Modeling, Molecular Docking, and Molecular Dynamics Simulation. Chem Res Chin Univ 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s40242-022-1433-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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16
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González-Márquez A, Volke-Sepulveda T, Díaz R, Sánchez C. Enhanced esterase activity during the degradation of dibutyl phthalate by Fusarium species in liquid fermentation. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 48:6371103. [PMID: 34529076 PMCID: PMC8788865 DOI: 10.1093/jimb/kuab062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Dibutyl phthalate (DBP) is one of the most abundantly produced and used plasticizers and is incorporated into plastic to make it more flexible and malleable. DBP has been found to be an environmental contaminant and reported as an endocrine disruptor. Therefore, it is crucial to develop ecofriendly alternatives to eliminate phthalate pollution. In the present research, the growth of F. culmorum and F. oxysporum in the presence of DBP was studied in liquid fermentation. The esterase activity, specific growth rate, and growth and enzymatic yield parameters were determined in DBP-supplemented media (1,500 or 2,000 mg/L) and in control medium (lacking DBP). These results show that in general, for both Fusarium species, the highest esterase activities, specific growth rates, and yield parameters were observed in media supplemented with DBP. It was observed that 1,500 and 2,000 mg of DBP/L did not inhibit F. culmorum or F. oxysporum growth and that DBP induced esterase production in both fungi. These organisms have much to offer in the mitigation of environmental pollution caused by the endocrine disruptor DBP. This study reports, for the first time, esterase production during the degradation of high concentrations (i.e., 1,500 and 2,000 mg/L) of DBP by F. culmorum F. oxysporum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel González-Márquez
- Maestría en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, CP 90000, Mexico
| | - Tania Volke-Sepulveda
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Av. San Rafael Atlixco N° 186, Col. Vicentina C.P. 09340, Iztapalapa, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Rubén Díaz
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Research Centre for Biological Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Ixtacuixtla, CP. 90062, Tlaxcala, Mexico
| | - Carmen Sánchez
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Research Centre for Biological Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Ixtacuixtla, CP. 90062, Tlaxcala, Mexico
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17
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Ghodke VM, Punekar NS. Environmental role of aromatic carboxylesterases. Environ Microbiol 2021; 24:2657-2668. [PMID: 34528362 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The carboxylesterases (EC 3.1.1.x) are widely distributed and form an important yet diverse group of hydrolases catalysing the ester bond cleavage in a variety of substrates. Besides acting on plant cell wall components like cutin, tannin and feruloyl esters, they are often the first line of defence to metabolize drugs, xenobiotics, pesticides, insecticides and plastic. But for the promiscuity of some carboxylesterases and cutinases, very few enzymes act exclusively on aromatic carboxylic acid esters. Infrequent occurrence of aromatic carboxylesterases suggests that aromatic carboxylesters are inherently more difficult to hydrolyse than the regular carboxylesters because of both steric and polar effects. Naturally occurring aromatic carboxylesters were rare before the anthropogenic activity augmented their environmental presence and diversity. An appraisal of the literature shows that the hydrolysis of aromatic carboxylic esters is a uniquely difficult endeavour and hence deserves special attention. Enzymes to hydrolyse such esters are evolving rapidly in nature. Very few such enzymes are known and they often display much lower catalytic efficiencies. Obviously, the esters of aromatic carboxylic acids, including polyethylene terephthalate waste, pose an environmental challenge. In this review, we highlight the uniqueness of aromatic carboxylesters and then underscore the importance of relevant carboxylesterases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkatesh M Ghodke
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Narayan S Punekar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
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18
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Yan Z, Ding L, Zou D, Qiu J, Shao Y, Sun S, Li L, Xin Z. Characterization of a novel carboxylesterase with catalytic activity toward di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate from a soil metagenomic library. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 785:147260. [PMID: 33957585 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A novel carboxylesterase gene estyz5 was isolated from a soil metagenomic library. The recombinant enzyme EstYZ5 is 298 amino acids in length with a predicted molecular weight of 32 kDa. Sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis revealed that EstYZ5 belongs to the hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) family with a deduced catalytic triad of Ser144-Glu238-His268. EstYZ5 contains two conserved motifs, a pentapeptide motif GDSAG and a HGGG motif, which are typically found in members of the HSL family. Esterolytic activity of the recombinant enzyme was optimal at 30 °C and pH 8.0, and the kcat/Km value of the enzyme for the optimum substrate p-nitrophenyl butyrate was as high as 1272 mM-1·s-1. Importantly, EstYZ5 showed activity toward di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate with complex side chains, which is rare for HSLs. Molecular docking simulations revealed that the catalytic triad and an oxyanion hole likely play vital roles in enzymatic activity and specificity. The phthalate-degrading activity of EstYZ5, combined with its high levels of esterolytic activity, render this new enzyme a candidate for biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Yan
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Liping Ding
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Dandan Zou
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Jiarong Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Yuting Shao
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Shengwei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Longxiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Zhihong Xin
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
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19
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Integrated Multi-omics Investigations Reveal the Key Role of Synergistic Microbial Networks in Removing Plasticizer Di-(2-Ethylhexyl) Phthalate from Estuarine Sediments. mSystems 2021; 6:e0035821. [PMID: 34100638 PMCID: PMC8269228 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00358-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is the most widely used plasticizer worldwide, with an annual global production of more than 8 million tons. Because of its improper disposal, endocrine-disrupting DEHP often accumulates in estuarine sediments in industrialized countries at submillimolar levels, resulting in adverse effects on both ecosystems and human beings. The microbial degraders and biodegradation pathways of DEHP in O2-limited estuarine sediments remain elusive. Here, we employed an integrated meta-omics approach to identify the DEHP degradation pathway and major degraders in this ecosystem. Estuarine sediments were treated with DEHP or its derived metabolites, o-phthalic acid and benzoic acid. The rate of DEHP degradation in denitrifying mesocosms was two times slower than that of o-phthalic acid, suggesting that side chain hydrolysis of DEHP is the rate-limiting step of anaerobic DEHP degradation. On the basis of microbial community structures, functional gene expression, and metabolite profile analysis, we proposed that DEHP biodegradation in estuarine sediments is mainly achieved through synergistic networks between denitrifying proteobacteria. Acidovorax and Sedimenticola are the major degraders of DEHP side chains; the resulting o-phthalic acid is mainly degraded by Aestuariibacter through the UbiD-dependent benzoyl coenzyme A (benzoyl-CoA) pathway. We isolated and characterized Acidovorax sp. strain 210-6 and its extracellular hydrolase, which hydrolyzes both alkyl side chains of DEHP. Interestingly, genes encoding DEHP/mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP) hydrolase and phthaloyl-CoA decarboxylase—key enzymes for side chain hydrolysis and o-phthalic acid degradation, respectively—are flanked by transposases in these proteobacterial genomes, indicating that DEHP degradation capacity is likely transferred horizontally in microbial communities. IMPORTANCE Xenobiotic phthalate esters (PAEs) have been produced on a considerably large scale for only 70 years. The occurrence of endocrine-disrupting di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) in environments has raised public concern, and estuarine sediments are major DEHP reservoirs. Our multi-omics analyses indicated that complete DEHP degradation in O2-limited estuarine sediments depends on synergistic microbial networks between diverse denitrifying proteobacteria and uncultured candidates. Our data also suggested that the side chain hydrolysis of DEHP, rather than o-phthalic acid activation, is the rate-limiting step in DEHP biodegradation within O2-limited estuarine sediments. Therefore, deciphering the bacterial ecophysiology and related biochemical mechanisms can help facilitate the practice of bioremediation in O2-limited environments. Furthermore, the DEHP hydrolase genes of active DEHP degraders can be used as molecular markers to monitor environmental DEHP degradation. Finally, future studies on the directed evolution of identified DEHP/mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP) hydrolase would bring a more catalytically efficient DEHP/MEHP hydrolase into practice.
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20
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Das MT, Kumar SS, Ghosh P, Shah G, Malyan SK, Bajar S, Thakur IS, Singh L. Remediation strategies for mitigation of phthalate pollution: Challenges and future perspectives. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 409:124496. [PMID: 33187797 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Phthalates are a group of emerging xenobiotic compounds commonly used as plasticizers. In recent times, there has been an increasing concern over the risk of phthalate exposure leading to adverse effects to human health and the environment. Therefore, it is necessary to not only understand the current status of phthalate pollution, their sources, exposure routes and health impacts, but also identify remediation technologies for mitigating phthalate pollution. Present review article aims to inform its readers about the ever increasing data on health burdens posed by phthalates and simultaneously highlights the recent advancements in research to alleviate phthalate contamination from environment. The article enumerates the major phthalates in use today, traces their environmental fate, addresses their growing health hazard concerns and largely focus on to provide an in-depth understanding of the different physical, chemical and biological treatment methods currently being used or under research for alleviating the risk of phthalate pollution, their challenges and the future research perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihir Tanay Das
- Department of Environmental Science, Fakir Mohan University, Balasore 756020, Odisha, India
| | - Smita S Kumar
- J.C. Bose University of Science and Technology, YMCA, Faridabad 121006, Haryana, India; Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Pooja Ghosh
- Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Goldy Shah
- Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Sandeep K Malyan
- Institute for Soil, Water, and Environmental Sciences, The Volcani Center, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel
| | - Somvir Bajar
- J.C. Bose University of Science and Technology, YMCA, Faridabad 121006, Haryana, India
| | - Indu Shekhar Thakur
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110 067, India
| | - Lakhveer Singh
- Department of Environmental Science, SRM University-AP, Amaravati 522502, Andhra Pradesh, India.
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21
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Du H, Hu RW, Zhao HM, Huang HB, Xiang L, Liu BL, Feng NX, Li H, Li YW, Cai QY, Mo CH. Mechanistic insight into esterase-catalyzed hydrolysis of phthalate esters (PAEs) based on integrated multi-spectroscopic analyses and docking simulation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 408:124901. [PMID: 33360702 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A novel PAE-hydrolyzing esterase (named Hyd) gene was screened from the genomic library of Rhodococcus sp. 2G and was successfully expressed in heterologous E. coli, which was defined as a new family of esterolytic enzymes. The purified Hyd could efficiently degrade various PAEs, displaying high activity and stability with a broad range of pH (4-10) and temperature (20-60 °C). Interaction mechanism of Hyd with dibutyl phthalate (DBP) was investigated by integrated multi-spectroscopic and docking simulation methods. Fluorescence and UV-vis spectra revealed that DBP could quench the fluorescence of Hyd through a static quenching mechanism. The results from synchronous fluorescence and CD spectra confirmed that the DBP binding to Hyd triggered conformational and micro-environmental changes of Hyd, which were characterized by increased stretching extent and random coil, and decreased α-helix and β-sheet. Molecular docking study showed that DBP could be bound to the cavity of Hyd with hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interaction. A novel and distinctive catalytic mechanism was proposed: two key residues Thr190 and Ser191 might catalyze the hydrolysis of DBP, instead of the conserved catalytic triad (Ser-His-Asp) reported elsewhere, which was confirmed by site-directed mutagenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Du
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Rui-Wen Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Hai-Ming Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - He-Biao Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Lei Xiang
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Bai-Lin Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Nai-Xian Feng
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Hui Li
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yan-Wen Li
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Quan-Ying Cai
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Ce-Hui Mo
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
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Özdemir Fİ, Tülek A, Erdoğan D. Identification and Heterologous Production of a Lipase from Geobacillus kaustophilus DSM 7263 T and Tailoring Its N-Terminal by a His-Tag Epitope. Protein J 2021; 40:436-447. [PMID: 33856621 DOI: 10.1007/s10930-021-09987-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Lipases are versatile biocatalysts with many biotechnological applications and the necessity of screening, production and characterization of new lipases from diverse microbial strains to meet industrial needs is constantly emerging. In this study, the lipase gene (gklip) from a thermophilic bacterium, Geobacillus kaustophilus DSM 7263 T was cloned into the pET28a ( +) vector with N-terminal 6xHis-tag. The recombinant gklip gene was heterologously expressed in host E. coli BL21 (DE3) cells and purified by Ni-NTA affinity chromatography. Histidine tag was removed from the purified 6xHistag-Gklip enzyme with thrombin enzyme and the molecular mass was determined to be approximately 43 kDa by SDS-PAGE. Gklip showed optimal activity at pH 8.0 and 50 °C. The specific hydrolytic activities against substrates were significantly increased by the removal of the His-tag. Km and kcat values of Gklip against p-nitrophenyl palmitate (pNPP, 4-nitrophenyl palmitate) as the target substrate were found to be as 1.22 mM and 417.1 min-1, respectively. Removing His-tag changed the substrate preference of the enzyme leading to maximum lipolytic activity towards C10 and C12 lipids. Similarly, the activity against coconut oil that containing 62% medium-chain fatty acids was significantly higher than other oils. Furthermore, preservation of activity in the presence of inhibitors, organic solvents support the effect of lid structure of the enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- F İnci Özdemir
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, 41400, Kocaeli, Turkey.
| | - Ahmet Tülek
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, 41400, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Davut Erdoğan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, 41400, Kocaeli, Turkey
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Qiu J, Yang H, Shao Y, Li L, Sun S, Wang L, Tan Y, Xin Z. Enhancing the activity and thermal stability of a phthalate-degrading hydrolase by random mutagenesis. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 209:111795. [PMID: 33341696 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Our previous work has reported that EstJ6 was a phthalate-degrading hydrolase. In the study, a random mutant library was constructed by two rounds of error-prone PCR, three mutants (ET1.1, ET2.1, and ET2.2) with enhanced hydrolytic activity against dibutyl phthalate (DBP) were obtained. The best mutant ET2.2, accumulated three amino acid substitutions (Thr91Met, Ala67Val, and Val249Ile) and exhibited 2.8-fold increase enzyme activity and 2.3-fold higher expression level. Meanwhile, compared with EstJ6, ET2.2 showed over 50% improvement in thermostability (at 50 °C for 1 h) and 1.2-fold increase in 50% methanol tolerance. Kinetic parameters analysis revealed that the Km value for ET2.2 decreased by 60% and the kcat/Km value increased by 166%. The molecular docking indicated that the shortening of hydrogen bond between Ser146-OH and DBP-CO, which may led to an increase in enzyme activity and catalytic efficiency, the enhancement of hydrophobicity of hydrophobic pocket was related to the improvement of organic solvents tolerance, and three hydrophobic amino acid substitutions Thr91Met, Ala67Val, and Val249Ile facilitated to improve the thermal stability and organic solvents tolerance. These results confirmed that random mutagenesis was an effective tool for improving enzyme properties and lay a foundation for practical applications of phthalate-degrading hydrolase in biotechnology and industrial fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiarong Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Haiyan Yang
- College of Food Science and Pharmacy, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, PR China
| | - Yuting Shao
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Longxiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Shengwei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Luyao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Yuzhi Tan
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Zhihong Xin
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
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Carmen S. Microbial capability for the degradation of chemical additives present in petroleum-based plastic products: A review on current status and perspectives. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 402:123534. [PMID: 33254737 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Plastic additives are present as pollutants in the environment because they are released from plastics and have been reported to be toxic to mammals. Due to this toxicity, it is crucial to develop ecofriendly tools to decontaminate the environment. Microorganisms are a promising alternative for efficient and effective plastic additive removal. This review describes the current knowledge and significant advances in the microbial degradation of plastic additives (i.e. plasticizers, flame retardants, stabilizers and antioxidants) and biotechnological research strategies that are being used to accelerate the biodegradation process of these additives. It is expected that further research supported by advances in genomics, proteomics, gene expression, enzyme immobilization, protein design, and nanotechnology can substantially increase our knowledge to enhance the enzymatic degradation efficiency, which will accelerate plastic additive degradation and establish successful and cost-effective bioremediation processes. Investigations should also address the identification of the enzymes involved in the degradation process and their catalytic mechanisms to achieve full metabolization of organopollutants (i.e. plastic additives) while avoiding harmful plastic additive biodegradation products. Microorganisms and their enzymes undoubtedly represent a potential resource for developing promising environmental biotechnologies, as they have the best systems for pollutant degradation, and their actions are essential for decontaminating the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sánchez Carmen
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Research Centre for Biological Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Ixtacuixtla, C.P.90120, Tlaxcala, Mexico.
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Characterization of XtjR8: A novel esterase with phthalate-hydrolyzing activity from a metagenomic library of lotus pond sludge. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 164:1510-1518. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.07.317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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26
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Guan Z, Dai S, Yao Q, Zong W, Deng Z, Liu S, Yun J, Xiao X, Liu L, Li H. Properties of a Newly Identified Acetyl Esterase and Its Degradation of Diisobutyl Phthalate. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202003720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ziran Guan
- College of Life Science and Biopharmaceuticals Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
- Guangdong key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances Guangdong Pharmaceutical University Guangzhou 510006 PR China
| | - Shuang Dai
- College of Life Science and Biopharmaceuticals Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
- Guangdong key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances Guangdong Pharmaceutical University Guangzhou 510006 PR China
| | - Qian Yao
- College of Life Science and Biopharmaceuticals Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
- Guangdong key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances Guangdong Pharmaceutical University Guangzhou 510006 PR China
| | - Wei Zong
- College of Life Science and Biopharmaceuticals Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
- Guangdong key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances Guangdong Pharmaceutical University Guangzhou 510006 PR China
| | - Zujun Deng
- College of Life Science and Biopharmaceuticals Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
- Guangdong key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances Guangdong Pharmaceutical University Guangzhou 510006 PR China
| | - Shan Liu
- Guangzhou Base Clean Cosmetics Manufacturer Co., Ltd Guangzhou 510006 PR China
| | - Jeonyun Yun
- Guangzhou Base Clean Cosmetics Manufacturer Co., Ltd Guangzhou 510006 PR China
| | - Xiong Xiao
- Guangzhou Base Clean Cosmetics Manufacturer Co., Ltd Guangzhou 510006 PR China
| | - Liyang Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Business Guangdong Pharmaceutical University Guangzhou 510006 PR China
| | - He Li
- College of Life Science and Biopharmaceuticals Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
- Guangdong key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances Guangdong Pharmaceutical University Guangzhou 510006 PR China
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González-Márquez A, Loera-Corral O, Viniegra-González G, Sánchez C. Induction of esterase activity during the degradation of high concentrations of the contaminant di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate by Fusarium culmorum under liquid fermentation conditions. 3 Biotech 2020; 10:488. [PMID: 33123455 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-020-02476-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the induction of esterase activity during the degradation of a high concentration of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) (1500 mg l-1) by Fusarium culmorum was investigated using Ca(NO3)2 as nitrogen source under liquid fermentation conditions. Assessments of esterase activities through biochemical tests and zymographic assays, as well as fungal growth were studied. A high concentration of DEHP increased esterase activity in F. culmorum, which produces five esterase isoforms (26.4, 31.7, 43, 73.6 and 125 kDa), which were different in abundance and molecular weight to those produced constitutively in glucose-containing medium (control medium). F. culmorum showed higher µ and Y X/S values in DEHP-containing medium than those observed in the control medium. F. culmorum has great potential for use in the restoration of sites contaminated with high concentrations of DEHP and even of other phthalates with less complex structures.
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Liu T, Li J, Qiu L, Zhang F, Linhardt RJ, Zhong W. Combined genomic and transcriptomic analysis of the dibutyl phthalate metabolic pathway in
Arthrobacter
sp. ZJUTW. Biotechnol Bioeng 2020; 117:3712-3726. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.27524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tengfei Liu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou China
| | - Jun Li
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou China
| | - Lequan Qiu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou China
| | - Fuming Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Troy New York
| | - Robert J. Linhardt
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Troy New York
| | - Weihong Zhong
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou China
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29
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Lu M, Jiang W, Gao Q, Zhang M, Hong Q. Degradation of dibutyl phthalate (DBP) by a bacterial consortium and characterization of two novel esterases capable of hydrolyzing PAEs sequentially. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 195:110517. [PMID: 32220793 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Phthalate esters (PAEs), a class of toxic anthropogenic compounds, have been predominantly used as additives or plasticizers, and great concern and interests have been raised regarding its environmental behavior and degradation mechanism. In the present study, a bacterial consortium consisting of Microbacterium sp. PAE-1 and Pandoraea sp. PAE-2 was isolated by the enrichment method, which could degrade dibutyl phthalate (DBP) completely by biochemical cooperation. DBP was converted to phthalic acid (PA) via monobutyl phthalate (MBP) by two sequential hydrolysis steps in strain PAE-1, and then PA was further degraded by strain PAE-2. Strain PAE-1 could hydrolyze many dialkyl Phthalate esters (PAEs) including dimethyl, diethyl, dibutyl, dipentyl, benzyl butyl, dihexyl, di-(2-ethyhexyl) and their corresponding monoalkyl PAEs. Two esterase genes named dpeH and mpeH, located in the same transcription unit, were cloned from strain PAE-1 by the shotgun method and heterologously expressed in Escherichia. coli (DE3). The Km and kcat values of DpeH for DBP were 9.60 ± 0.97 μM and (2.72 ± 0.06) × 106 s-1, while those of MpeH for MBP were 18.61 ± 2.00 μM and (5.83 ± 1.00) × 105 s-1, respectively. DpeH could only hydrolyze dialkyl PAEs to the corresponding monoalkyl PAEs, which were then hydrolyzed to PA by MpeH. DpeH shares the highest similarity (53%) with an alpha/beta hydrolase from Microbacterium sp. MED-G48 and MpeH shows only 25% identity with a secreted lipase from Trichophyton benhamiae CBS 112371, indicating that DpeH and MpeH are two novel hydrolases against PAEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiyu Lu
- Key Lab of Microbiological Agricultural Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Life Science, Nanjing Agriculture University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Wankui Jiang
- Key Lab of Microbiological Agricultural Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Life Science, Nanjing Agriculture University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinqin Gao
- Key Lab of Microbiological Agricultural Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Life Science, Nanjing Agriculture University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingliang Zhang
- Key Lab of Microbiological Agricultural Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Life Science, Nanjing Agriculture University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Hong
- Key Lab of Microbiological Agricultural Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Life Science, Nanjing Agriculture University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.
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30
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Ding J, Zhou Y, Wang C, Peng Z, Mu Y, Tang X, Huang Z. Development of a whole-cell biocatalyst for diisobutyl phthalate degradation by functional display of a carboxylesterase on the surface of Escherichia coli. Microb Cell Fact 2020; 19:114. [PMID: 32471417 PMCID: PMC7260753 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-020-01373-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Phthalic acid esters (PAEs) are widely used as plasticizers or additives during the industrial manufacturing of plastic products. PAEs have been detected in both aquatic and terrestrial environments due to their overuse. Exposure of PAEs results in human health concerns and environmental pollution. Diisobutyl phthalate is one of the main plasticizers in PAEs. Cell surface display of recombinant proteins has become a powerful tool for biotechnology applications. In this current study, a carboxylesterase was displayed on the surface of Escherichia coli cells, for use as whole-cell biocatalyst in diisobutyl phthalate biodegradation. Results A carboxylesterase-encoding gene (carEW) identified from Bacillus sp. K91, was fused to the N-terminal of ice nucleation protein (inpn) anchor from Pseudomonas syringae and gfp gene, and the fused protein was then cloned into pET-28a(+) vector and was expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) cells. The surface localization of INPN-CarEW/or INPN-CarEW-GFP fusion protein was confirmed by SDS-PAGE, western blot, proteinase accessibility assay, and green fluorescence measurement. The catalytic activity of the constructed E. coli surface-displayed cells was determined. The cell-surface-displayed CarEW displayed optimal temperature of 45 °C and optimal pH of 9.0, using p-NPC2 as substrate. In addition, the whole cell biocatalyst retained ~ 100% and ~ 200% of its original activity per OD600 over a period of 23 days at 45 °C and one month at 4 °C, exhibiting the better stability than free CarEW. Furthermore, approximately 1.5 mg/ml of DiBP was degraded by 10 U of surface-displayed CarEW cells in 120 min. Conclusions This work provides a promising strategy of cost-efficient biodegradation of diisobutyl phthalate for environmental bioremediation by displaying CarEW on the surface of E. coli cells. This approach might also provide a reference in treatment of other different kinds of environmental pollutants by displaying the enzyme of interest on the cell surface of a harmless microorganism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junmei Ding
- Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China. .,Key Laboratory of Yunnan for Biomass Energy and Biotechnology of Environment, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China. .,Key Laboratory of Enzyme Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China.
| | - Yang Zhou
- Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China.,Key Laboratory of Yunnan for Biomass Energy and Biotechnology of Environment, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China.,Key Laboratory of Enzyme Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Chaofan Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China.,Key Laboratory of Yunnan for Biomass Energy and Biotechnology of Environment, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China.,Key Laboratory of Enzyme Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Zheng Peng
- Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China.,Key Laboratory of Yunnan for Biomass Energy and Biotechnology of Environment, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China.,Key Laboratory of Enzyme Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Yuelin Mu
- Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China.,Key Laboratory of Yunnan for Biomass Energy and Biotechnology of Environment, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China.,Key Laboratory of Enzyme Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Xianghua Tang
- Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China.,Key Laboratory of Yunnan for Biomass Energy and Biotechnology of Environment, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China.,Key Laboratory of Enzyme Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Zunxi Huang
- Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China. .,Key Laboratory of Yunnan for Biomass Energy and Biotechnology of Environment, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China. .,Key Laboratory of Enzyme Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China.
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Huang L, Meng D, Tian Q, Yang S, Deng H, Guan Z, Cai Y, Liao X. Characterization of a novel carboxylesterase from Bacillus velezensis SYBC H47 and its application in degradation of phthalate esters. J Biosci Bioeng 2020; 129:588-594. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2019.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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32
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Sarkar J, Dutta A, Pal Chowdhury P, Chakraborty J, Dutta TK. Characterization of a novel family VIII esterase EstM2 from soil metagenome capable of hydrolyzing estrogenic phthalates. Microb Cell Fact 2020; 19:77. [PMID: 32209105 PMCID: PMC7092541 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-020-01336-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microbes are rich sources of enzymes and esterases are one of the most important classes of enzymes because of their potential for application in the field of food, agriculture, pharmaceuticals and bioremediation. Due to limitations in their cultivation, only a small fraction of the complex microbial communities can be cultured from natural habitats. Thus to explore the catalytic potential of uncultured organisms, the metagenomic approach has turned out to be an effective alternative method for direct mining of enzymes of interest. Based on activity-based screening method, an esterase-positive clone was obtained from metagenomic libraries. RESULTS Functional screening of a soil metagenomic fosmid library, followed by transposon mutagenesis led to the identification of a 1179 bp esterase gene, estM2, that encodes a 392 amino acids long protein (EstM2) with a translated molecular weight of 43.12 kDa. Overproduction, purification and biochemical characterization of the recombinant protein demonstrated carboxylesterase activity towards short-chain fatty acyl esters with optimal activity for p-nitrophenyl butyrate at pH 8.0 and 37 °C. Amino acid sequence analysis and subsequent phylogenetic analysis suggested that EstM2 belongs to the family VIII esterases that bear modest similarities to class C β-lactamases. EstM2 possessed the conserved S-x-x-K motif of class C β-lactamases but did not exhibit β-lactamase activity. Guided by molecular docking analysis, EstM2 was shown to hydrolyze a wide range of di- and monoesters of alkyl-, aryl- and benzyl-substituted phthalates. Thus, EstM2 displays an atypical hydrolytic potential of biotechnological significance within family VIII esterases. CONCLUSIONS This study has led to the discovery of a new member of family VIII esterases. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first phthalate hydrolase (EstM2), isolated from a soil metagenomic library that belongs to a family possessing β-lactamase like catalytic triad. Based on its catalytic potential towards hydrolysis of both phthalate diesters and phthalate monoesters, this enzyme may find use to counter the growing pollution caused by phthalate-based plasticizers in diverse geological environment and in other aspects of biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayita Sarkar
- Department of Microbiology, Bose Institute, P-1/12 CIT Scheme VII M, Kolkata, 700054, India
| | - Arindam Dutta
- Department of Microbiology, Bose Institute, P-1/12 CIT Scheme VII M, Kolkata, 700054, India
| | - Piyali Pal Chowdhury
- Department of Microbiology, Bose Institute, P-1/12 CIT Scheme VII M, Kolkata, 700054, India
| | - Joydeep Chakraborty
- Department of Microbiology, Bose Institute, P-1/12 CIT Scheme VII M, Kolkata, 700054, India
| | - Tapan K Dutta
- Department of Microbiology, Bose Institute, P-1/12 CIT Scheme VII M, Kolkata, 700054, India.
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Identification and characterization of a novel bacterial carbohydrate esterase from the bacterium Pantoea ananatis Sd-1 with potential for degradation of lignocellulose and pesticides. Biotechnol Lett 2020; 42:1479-1488. [PMID: 32144558 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-020-02855-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Identification and characterization of a novel bacterial carbohydrate esterase (PaCes7) with application potential for lignocellulose and pesticide degradation. RESULTS PaCes7 was identified from the lignocellulolytic bacterium, Pantoea ananatis Sd-1 as a new carbohydrate esterase. Recombinant PaCes7 heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli showed a clear preference for esters with short-chain fatty acids and exhibited maximum activity towards α-naphthol acetate at 37 °C and pH 7.5. Purified PaCes7 exhibited its catalytic activity under mesophilic conditions and retained more than 40% activity below 30 °C. It displayed a relatively wide pH stability from pH 6-11. Furthermore, the enzyme was strongly resistant to Mg2+, Pb2+, and Co2+ and activated by K+ and Ca2+. Both P. ananatis Sd-1 and PaCes7 could degrade the pesticide carbaryl. Additionally, PaCes7 was shown to work in combination with cellulase and/or xylanase in rice straw degradation. CONCLUSIONS The data suggest that PaCes7 possesses promising biotechnological potential.
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Qiu J, Zhang Y, Shi Y, Jiang J, Wu S, Li L, Shao Y, Xin Z. Identification and characterization of a novel phthalate-degrading hydrolase from a soil metagenomic library. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 190:110148. [PMID: 31911388 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.110148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Phthalate esters have raised public concerns owing to their effects on the environment and human health. We identified a novel phthalate-degrading hydrolase, EstJ6, from a metagenomic library using function-driven screening. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that EstJ6 is a member of family IV esterases. EstJ6 hydrolyzed various dialkyl and monoalkyl phthalate esters, and exhibited high hydrolytic activity (128 U/mg) toward dibutyl phthalate at 40 °C and pH 7.5. EstJ6 hydrolyzed not only common phthalate esters with simple side chains but also diethylhexyl phthalate and monoethylhexyl phthalate, which have complex and long side chains. Site-directed mutagenesis indicated that the catalytic triad residues of EstJ6 consists of Ser146, Glu240, and His270. EstJ6 is therefore a promising biodegradation enzyme, and our study illustrates the advantages of a metagenomic approach in identifying enzyme-coding genes for agricultural, food, and biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiarong Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Yueqi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Yaning Shi
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Junwei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Shenglu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Longxiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Yuting Shao
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Zhihong Xin
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China.
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Cheng X, Dong S, Chen D, Rui Q, Guo J, Jiang J. Potential of esterase DmtH in transforming plastic additive dimethyl terephthalate to less toxic mono-methyl terephthalate. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 187:109848. [PMID: 31670182 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Dimethyl terephthalate (DMT) is a primary ingredient widely used in the manufacture of polyesters and industrial plastics; its environmental fate is of concern due to its global use. Microorganisms play key roles in the dissipation of DMT from the environment; however, the enzymes responsible for the initial transformation of DMT and the possible altered toxicity due to this biotransformation have not been extensively studied. To reduce DMT toxicity, we identified the esterase gene dmtH involved in the initial transformation of DMT from the AOPP herbicide-transforming strain Sphingobium sp. C3. DmtH shows 24-41% identity with α/β-hydrolases and belongs to subfamily V of bacterial esterases. The purified recombinant DmtH was capable of transforming DMT to mono-methyl terephthalate (MMT) and potentially transforming other p-phthalic acid esters, including diallyl terephthalate (DAT) and diethyl terephthalate (DET). Using C. elegans as an assay model, we observed the severe toxicity of DMT in inducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, decreasing locomotion behavior, reducing lifespan, altering molecular basis for oxidative stress, and inducing mitochondrial stress. In contrast, exposure to MMT did not cause obvious toxicity, induce oxidative stress, and activate mitochondrial stress in nematodes. Our study highlights the usefulness of Sphingobium sp. C3 and its esterase DmtH in transforming p-phthalic acid esters and reducing the toxicity of DMT to organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaokun Cheng
- Department of Microbiology, Key Lab of Microbiology for Agricultural Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Shuangshuang Dong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Dian Chen
- Department of Microbiology, Key Lab of Microbiology for Agricultural Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Qi Rui
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jingjing Guo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jiandong Jiang
- Department of Microbiology, Key Lab of Microbiology for Agricultural Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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Sun R, Wang L, Jiao Y, Zhang Y, Zhang X, Wu P, Chen Z, Feng C, Li Y, Li X, Yan L. Metabolic process of di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) by Enterobacter sp. DNB-S2, isolated from Mollisol region in China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 255:113344. [PMID: 31668953 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The accumulation of phthalate acid esters (PAEs) in the environment has aroused a global concern. Microbial degradation is the most promising method for removing PAEs from polluted environment. Di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) is one of the most widely used PAEs. In this study, a highly efficient DBP-degrading strain, Enterobacter sp. DNB-S2 was isolated from Mollisol in northeast China, and the degradation rate of 500 mg L-1 DBP reached 44.10% at 5 °C and 91.08% at 50 °C within 7 days. A new intermediate, n-butyl benzoate BP, was detected, implying a new degradation pathway. The complete genome of the strain DNB-S2 was successfully sequenced to comprehensively understand of the entire DBP catabolic process. Key genes were proposed to be involved in DBP degradation, such as esterases, 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate decarboxylase and catechol 2,3-dioxygenase genes. Intermediate-utilization tests and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) validated the proposed DBP catabolic pathway. The aboriginal bacterium DNB-S2 is a promising germplasm for restoring PAE-contaminated Mollisol regions at low temperature. This study provides novel insight into the catabolic mechanisms and abundant gene resources of PAE biodegradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixue Sun
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Wang
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaqi Jiao
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Zhang
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xing Zhang
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Pan Wu
- College of Environment and Resources, Dalian Minzu University, 18 Liaohe West Road, Dalian, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaobo Chen
- College of Environment and Resources, Dalian Minzu University, 18 Liaohe West Road, Dalian, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengcheng Feng
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Li
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqian Li
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Lilong Yan
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People's Republic of China
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Duan X, Xiang M, Wang L, Yan Q, Yang S, Jiang Z. Biochemical characterization of a novel lipase from Malbranchea cinnamomea suitable for production of lipolyzed milkfat flavor and biodegradation of phthalate esters. Food Chem 2019; 297:124925. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.05.199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Huang H, Zhang XY, Chen TL, Zhao YL, Xu DS, Bai YP. Biodegradation of Structurally Diverse Phthalate Esters by a Newly Identified Esterase with Catalytic Activity toward Di(2-ethylhexyl) Phthalate. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:8548-8558. [PMID: 31266305 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b02655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report a double enzyme system to degrade 12 phthalate esters (PAEs), particularly bulky PAEs, such as the widely used bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), in a one-pot cascade process. A PAE-degrading bacterium, Gordonia sp. strain 5F, was isolated from soil polluted with plastic waste. From this strain, a novel esterase (GoEst15) and a mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate hydrolase (GoEstM1) were identified by homology-based cloning. GoEst15 showed broad substrate specificity, hydrolyzing DEHP and 10 other PAEs to monoalkyl phthalates, which were further degraded by GoEstM1 to phthalic acid. GoEst15 and GoEstM1 were heterologously coexpressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3), which could then completely degrade 12 PAEs (5 mM), within 1 and 24 h for small and bulky substrates, respectively. To our knowledge, GoEst15 is the first DEHP hydrolase with a known protein sequence, which will enable protein engineering to enhance its catalytic performance in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering , East China University of Science and Technology , 130 Meilong Road , Shanghai 200237 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering , East China University of Science and Technology , 130 Meilong Road , Shanghai 200237 , People's Republic of China
| | - Tian-Lei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering , East China University of Science and Technology , 130 Meilong Road , Shanghai 200237 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Lian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering , East China University of Science and Technology , 130 Meilong Road , Shanghai 200237 , People's Republic of China
| | - Dian-Sheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering , East China University of Science and Technology , 130 Meilong Road , Shanghai 200237 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yun-Peng Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering , East China University of Science and Technology , 130 Meilong Road , Shanghai 200237 , People's Republic of China
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Duan X, Jiang Z, Liu Y, Yan Q, Xiang M, Yang S. High-level expression of codon-optimized Thielavia terrestris cutinase suitable for ester biosynthesis and biodegradation. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 135:768-775. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.05.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Duan X, Xiang M, Wang L, Yan Q, Yang S, Jiang Z. WITHDRAWN: Biochemical characterization of a novel lipase from Malbranchea cinnamomea suitable for production of lipolyzed milkfat flavor and biodegradation of phthalate esters. Food Chem X 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2019.100036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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González-Márquez A, Loera-Corral O, Santacruz-Juárez E, Tlécuitl-Beristain S, García-Dávila J, Viniegra-González G, Sánchez C. Biodegradation patterns of the endocrine disrupting pollutant di(2-ethyl hexyl) phthalate by Fusarium culmorum. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 170:293-299. [PMID: 30530181 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.11.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is a widely used plasticizer, which is considered an endocrine disrupting pollutant. Growth kinetics and esterases activity by biochemical tests and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis were characterized for Fusarium culmorum grown in DEHP-supplemented (1000 mg/L) medium as the only carbon source and in control medium with glucose. Intermediate compounds of biodegraded DEHP were identified by GC-MS. F. culmorum degraded 92% of DEHP within 36 h. DEHP was degraded to butanol, hexanal, catechol and acetic acid. It is suggested that the first two compounds would transform into butanediol and the last two would enter into the Krebs cycle and would be mineralized to CO2 and H2O. DEHP induced eight esterase isoforms, which were different to those constitutive isoforms produced in the control medium. It is suggested that five enzymes (25.7, 29.5, 31.8, 97.6 and 144.5 kDa) detected during the first 36 h be involved in the primary biodegradation of DEHP. The rest of the enzymes (45.9, 66.6 and 202.9 kDa) might be involved in the final steps for DEHP metabolism. F. culmorum has a promising practical application in the treatment of DEHP-contaminated environments because it can secrete specific esterase to breakdown high concentrations of DEHP in a short period of time. This research represents the first approach for the study of esterase involved in the DEHP degradation by fungi using this phthalate as the sole source of carbon and energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel González-Márquez
- Doctorado en Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Av. San Rafael Atlixco N° 186, Col. Vicentina, C.P. 09340 Iztapalapa, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Octavio Loera-Corral
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Av. San Rafael Atlixco N° 186, Col. Vicentina, C.P. 09340 Iztapalapa, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Ericka Santacruz-Juárez
- Universidad Politécnica de Tlaxcala, San Pedro Xalcatzinco, Tepeyanco, Tlaxcala C.P. 90180, Mexico
| | - Saúl Tlécuitl-Beristain
- Universidad Politécnica de Tlaxcala, San Pedro Xalcatzinco, Tepeyanco, Tlaxcala C.P. 90180, Mexico
| | - Jorge García-Dávila
- Universidad Politécnica de Tlaxcala, San Pedro Xalcatzinco, Tepeyanco, Tlaxcala C.P. 90180, Mexico
| | - Gustavo Viniegra-González
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Av. San Rafael Atlixco N° 186, Col. Vicentina, C.P. 09340 Iztapalapa, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Carmen Sánchez
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Research Centre for Biological Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Ixtacuixtla C.P. 90062, Tlaxcala, Mexico.
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Nahurira R, Wang J, Yan Y, Jia Y, Fan S, Khokhar I, Eltoukhy A. In silico genome analysis reveals the metabolic versatility and biotechnology potential of a halotorelant phthalic acid esters degrading Gordonia alkanivorans strain YC-RL2. AMB Express 2019; 9:21. [PMID: 30715639 PMCID: PMC6362181 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-019-0733-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of genus Gordonia are known to degrade various xenobitics and produce secondary metabolites. The genome of a halotorelant phthalic acid ester (PAEs) degrading actinobacterium Gordonia alkanivorans strain YC-RL2 was sequenced using Biosciences RS II platform and Single Molecular Real-Time (SMRT) technology. The reads were assembled de novo by hierarchical genome assembly process (HGAP) algorithm version 2. Genes were annotated by NCBI Prokaryotic Genome Annotation Pipeline. The generated genome sequence was 4,979,656 bp with an average G+C content of 67.45%. Calculation of ANI confirmed previous classification that strain YC-RL2 is G. alkanivorans. The sequences were searched against KEGG and COG databases; 3132 CDSs were assigned to COG families and 1808 CDSs were predicted to be involved in 111 pathways. 95 of the KEGG annotated genes were predicted to be involved in the degradation of xenobiotics. A phthalate degradation operon could not be identified in the genome indicating that strain YC-RL2 possesses a novel way of phthalate degradation. A total of 203 and 22 CDSs were annotated as esterase/hydrolase and dioxygenase genes respectively. A total of 53 biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) were predicted by antiSMASH (antibiotics & Secondary Metabolite Analysis Shell) bacterial version 4.0. The genome also contained putative genes for heavy metal metabolism. The strain could tolerate 1 mM of Cd2+, Co2+, Cu2+, Ni2+, Zn2+, Mn2+ and Pb2+ ions. These results show that strain YC-RL2 has a great potential to degrade various xenobiotics in different environments and will provide a rich genetic resource for further biotechnological and remediation studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Nahurira
- Biological Laboratory, Department of Biology, Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junhuan Wang
- Biological Laboratory, Department of Biology, Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanchun Yan
- Biological Laboratory, Department of Biology, Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Jia
- Biological Laboratory, Department of Biology, Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuanghu Fan
- Biological Laboratory, Department of Biology, Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ibatsam Khokhar
- Biological Laboratory, Department of Biology, Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Adel Eltoukhy
- Biological Laboratory, Department of Biology, Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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Hernández-Sánchez B, Díaz-Godínez R, Luna-Sánchez S, Sánchez C. Producción de esterasas por microorganismos: importancia y aplicación industrial. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.29267/mxjb.2019.4.1.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Las enzimas esterasas son de gran importancia en el área biotecnológica debido a las reacciones de interesterificación, transesterificación y esterificación que llevan a cabo. Las esterasas microbianas pueden ser secretadas por hongos filamentosos, levaduras o bacterias. En base a las características de cada enzima, éstas se pueden emplear en las industrias del vino y de lácteos, en la degradación de sustratos complejos, en biorremediación de sitios contaminados, entre otras aplicaciones. La enzima de interés debe ser caracterizada para que pueda ser producida a nivel industrial. El proceso de producción industrial de las
enzimas se lleva a cabo principalmente en fermentación líquida. En general, este proceso consiste en una serie de pasos que inician con la inoculación del organismo, mismo que debe crecer en condiciones óptimas, posteriormente se lleva a cabo el pretratamiento de la enzima de interés, seguido del concentrado de ésta por medio de filtración para eliminar el excedente de agua y finalmente se realiza la purificación del producto.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda Hernández-Sánchez
- Maestría en Biotecnología y manejo de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Ixtacuixtla, Tlaxcala, CP. 90120, México
| | - Rubén Díaz-Godínez
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Biológicas. Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Ixtacuixtla, Tlaxcala, CP. 90120, México
| | - Silvia Luna-Sánchez
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Aplicada. Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN). Ex-Hacienda San Juan Molino Carretera Estatal Tecuexcomac-Tepetitla Km 1.5, Tlaxcala C.P. 90700, México
| | - Carmen Sánchez
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Biológicas. Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Ixtacuixtla, Tlaxcala, CP. 90120, México
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Soni S, Sathe SS, Sheth RR, Tiwari P, Vadgama RKN, Odaneth AA, Lali AM, Chandrayan SK. N-terminal domain replacement changes an archaeal monoacylglycerol lipase into a triacylglycerol lipase. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2019; 12:110. [PMID: 31080517 PMCID: PMC6501381 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-019-1452-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lipolytic enzymes of hyperthermophilic archaea generally prefer small carbon chain fatty acid esters (C2-C12) and are categorized as esterases. However, a few have shown activity with long-chain fatty acid esters, but none of them have been classified as a true lipase except a lipolytic enzyme AFL from Archaeglobus fulgidus. Thus, our main objective is to engineer an archaeal esterase into a true thermostable lipase for industrial applications. Lipases which hydrolyze long-chain fatty acid esters display an interfacial activation mediated by the lid domain which lies over active site and switches to open conformation at the oil-water interface. Lid domains modulate enzyme activities, substrate specificities, and stabilities which have been shown by protein engineering and mutational analyses. Here, we report engineering of an uncharacterized monoacylglycerol lipase (TON-LPL) from an archaeon Thermococcus onnurineus (strain NA1) into a triacylglycerol lipase (rc-TGL) by replacing its 61 N-terminus amino acid residues with 118 residues carrying lid domain of a thermophilic fungal lipase-Thermomyces lanuginosus (TLIP). RESULTS TON-LPL and rc-TGL were cloned and overexpressed in E. coli, and the proteins were purified by Ni-NTA affinity chromatography for biochemical studies. Both enzymes were capable of hydrolyzing various monoglycerides and shared the same optimum pH of 7.0. However, rc-TGL showed a significant decrease of 10 °C in its optimum temperature (Topt). The far UV-CD spectrums were consistent with a well-folded α/β-hydrolase fold for both proteins, but gel filtration chromatography revealed a change in quaternary structure from trimer (TON-LPL) to monomer (rc-TGL). Seemingly, the difference in the oligomeric state of rc-TGL may be linked to a decrease in temperature optimum. Nonetheless, rc-TGL hydrolyzed triglycerides and castor oil, while TON-LPL was not active with these substrates. CONCLUSIONS Here, we have confirmed the predicted esterase activity of TON-LPL and also performed the lid engineering on TON-LPL which effectively expanded its substrate specificity from monoglycerides to triglycerides. This approach provides a way to engineer other hyperthermophilic esterases into industrially suitable lipases by employing N-terminal domain replacement. The immobilized preparation of rc-TGL has shown significant activity with castor oil and has a potential application in castor oil biorefinery to obtain value-added chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surabhi Soni
- DBT Centre for Energy Biosciences, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Marg, Matunga East, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400019 India
| | - Sneha S. Sathe
- DBT Centre for Energy Biosciences, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Marg, Matunga East, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400019 India
| | - Rutuja R. Sheth
- DBT Centre for Energy Biosciences, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Marg, Matunga East, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400019 India
| | - Prince Tiwari
- IISER Mohali, Knowledge City, Sector 81, Manauli PO, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar, Punjab 140306 India
| | - Rajesh-Kumar N. Vadgama
- DBT Centre for Energy Biosciences, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Marg, Matunga East, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400019 India
| | - Annamma Anil Odaneth
- DBT Centre for Energy Biosciences, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Marg, Matunga East, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400019 India
| | - Arvind M. Lali
- DBT Centre for Energy Biosciences, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Marg, Matunga East, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400019 India
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Marg, Matunga East, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400019 India
| | - Sanjeev K. Chandrayan
- DBT Centre for Energy Biosciences, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Marg, Matunga East, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400019 India
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Huang YH, Huang XJ, Chen XH, Cai QY, Chen S, Mo CH, Lü H, Wong MH. Biodegradation of di-butyl phthalate (DBP) by a novel endophytic bacterium Bacillus subtilis and its bioaugmentation for removing DBP from vegetation slurry. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2018; 224:1-9. [PMID: 30025259 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/07/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Di-butyl phthalate (DBP) is a widely used plasticizer, recalcitrant and hazardous organic compound with high detection frequencies and concentrations in water and soil that pose a great threat to human health. A novel endphytic bacterium strain N-1 capable of efficiently degrading DBP and utilizing it as sole carbon source was isolated from Ageratum conyzoides. This bacterium was identified as Bacillus subtilis based on its morphological characteristics and 16S rDNA sequence analysis. Under the optimal culture conditions (pH 7.0, 30 °C), degradation percentage of DBP (12.5-100 mg/L) was up to 95% within five days, and its biodegradation half-life was less than 7.23 h. Degradation percentage of high DBP concentration (200 mg/L) was relatively lower (89%) with half-life of 56.8 h. DBP was degraded by Bacillus subtilis N-1 into mono-butyl phthalate and phthalic acid as evidenced by GC-MS analysis. Bioaugmentation of Youngia japonica plant slurry with strain N-1 greatly accelerated DBP dissipation with 97.5% removal percentage (higher by 47% than non-inoculation). The results highlighted that strain N-1 has great potential for bioremediation by plant-endophyte partnerships and for lowering PAE accumulation in crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hong Huang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Xue-Jing Huang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xiao-Hong Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Quan-Ying Cai
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Shaohua Chen
- Integrate Microbiology Research Center, South China Agriculture University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Ce-Hui Mo
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Huixiong Lü
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Integrate Microbiology Research Center, South China Agriculture University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Ming-Hung Wong
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China; Consortium on Health, Environment, Education and Research (CHEER), Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Fan S, Wang J, Yan Y, Wang J, Jia Y. Excellent Degradation Performance of a Versatile Phthalic Acid Esters-Degrading Bacterium and Catalytic Mechanism of Monoalkyl Phthalate Hydrolase. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19092803. [PMID: 30231475 PMCID: PMC6164851 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Despites lots of characterized microorganisms that are capable of degrading phthalic acid esters (PAEs), there are few isolated strains with high activity towards PAEs under a broad range of environmental conditions. In this study, Gordonia sp. YC-JH1 had advantages over its counterparts in terms of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) degradation performance. It possessed an excellent degradation ability in the range of 20–50 °C, pH 5.0–12.0, or 0–8% NaCl with the optimal degradation condition 40 °C and pH 10.0. Therefore, strain YC-JH1 appeared suitable for bioremediation application at various conditions. Metabolites analysis revealed that DEHP was sequentially hydrolyzed by strain YC-JH1 to mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP) and phthalic acid (PA). The hydrolase MphG1 from strain YC-JH1 hydrolyzed monoethyl phthalate (MEP), mono-n-butyl phthalate (MBP), mono-n-hexyl phthalate (MHP), and MEHP to PA. According to molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation between MphG1 and monoalkyl phthalates (MAPs), some key residues were detected, including the catalytic triad (S125-H291-D259) and the residues R126 and F54 potentially binding substrates. The mutation of these residues accounted for the reduced activity. Together, the mechanism of MphG1 catalyzing MAPs was elucidated, and would shed insights into catalytic mechanism of more hydrolases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuanghu Fan
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Junhuan Wang
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Yanchun Yan
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Jiayi Wang
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Yang Jia
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
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New insights into the photocatalytic endocrine disruptors dimethyl phathalate esters degradation by UV/MWCNTs-TiO2 nanocomposites. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2018.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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48
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Fan S, Wang J, Li K, Yang T, Jia Y, Zhao B, Yan Y. Complete genome sequence of Gordonia sp. YC-JH1, a bacterium efficiently degrading a wide range of phthalic acid esters. J Biotechnol 2018; 279:55-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2018.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Characterization and Genome Analysis of a Phthalate Esters-Degrading Strain Sphingobium yanoikuyae SHJ. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:3917054. [PMID: 30065937 PMCID: PMC6051330 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3917054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 05/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A bacterium capable of utilizing dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP), and diisobuthyl phthalate (DIBP) as the sole carbon and energy source was isolated from shallow aquifer sediments. The strain was identified as Sphingobium yanoikuyae SHJ based on morphological characteristics, 16S rDNA gene phylogeny, and whole genome average nucleotide identity (ANI). The degradation half-life of DBP with substrate concentration of 8.5 and 50.0 mg/L by strain SHJ was 99.7 and 101.4 hours, respectively. The optimum degradation rate of DBP by SHJ was observed at 30°C and weak alkaline (pH 7.5). Genome sequence of the strain SHJ showed a circular chromosome and additional two circular plasmids with whole genome size of 5,669,383 bp and GC content of 64.23%. Functional annotation of SHJ revealed a total of 5,402 genes, with 5,183 protein-encoding genes, 143 pseudogenes, and 76 noncoding RNA genes. Based on genome annotation, 44 genes were identified to be involved in PAEs hydrolysis potentially. Besides, a region with size of about 6.9 kb comprised of seven ORFs, which is located on the smaller plasmid pSES189, was presumed to be responsible for the biodegradation of phthalate. These results provide insights into the genetic basis of DBP biodegradation in this strain.
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Rong Z, Huo YY, Jian SL, Wu YH, Xu XW. Characterization of a novel alkaline esterase from Altererythrobacter epoxidivorans CGMCC 1.7731 T. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2018; 48:113-120. [PMID: 29099313 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2017.1387559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A novel esterase gene (e25) was identified from Altererythrobacter epoxidivorans CGMCC 1.7731T by genome sequence screening. The e25 gene is 948 nucleotides in length and encodes a 315 amino acid protein (E25) with a predicted molecular mass of 33,683 Da. A phylogenetic tree revealed that E25 belongs to the hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) family of lipolytic enzymes. An activity assay of E25 showed that it exhibited the highest catalytic efficiency when using p-nitrophenyl caproate (C6) as a substrate. The optimum pH and temperature were determined to be approximately pH 9 and 45°C, and the Km and Vmax values were 0.12 mM and 1,772 µmol/min/mg, respectively. After an incubation at 40°C for 80 min, E25 retained 75% of its basal activity. The enzyme exhibited good tolerance to metal cations, such as Ba2+, Ca2+, and Cu2+ (10 mM), but its activity was strongly inhibited by Co2+, Ni2+, Mn2+, and Zn2+. The E25 enzyme was stimulated by glycerol and retained over 60% of its basal activity in the presence of 1% Tween-80 and Triton X-100. Overall, the activity of E25 under alkaline conditions and its organic solvent and detergent tolerance indicate that E25 could be useful as a novel industrial catalyst in biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Rong
- a Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem and Biogeochemistry , Second Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration , Hangzhou , China
| | - Ying-Yi Huo
- a Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem and Biogeochemistry , Second Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration , Hangzhou , China
| | - Shu-Ling Jian
- a Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem and Biogeochemistry , Second Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration , Hangzhou , China
| | - Yue-Hong Wu
- a Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem and Biogeochemistry , Second Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration , Hangzhou , China
| | - Xue-Wei Xu
- a Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem and Biogeochemistry , Second Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration , Hangzhou , China
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