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Paillet T, Lamy-Besnier Q, Figueroa C, Petit MA, Dugat-Bony E. Dynamics of the viral community on the surface of a French smear-ripened cheese during maturation and persistence across production years. mSystems 2024:e0020124. [PMID: 38860825 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00201-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The surface of smear-ripened cheeses constitutes a dynamic microbial ecosystem resulting from the successive development of different microbial groups such as lactic acid bacteria, fungi, and ripening bacteria. Recent studies indicate that a viral community, mainly composed of bacteriophages, also represents a common and substantial part of the cheese microbiome. However, the composition of this community, its temporal variations, and associations between bacteriophages and their hosts remain poorly characterized. Here, we studied a French smear-ripened cheese by both viral metagenomics and 16S metabarcoding approaches to assess both the succession of phages and bacterial communities on the cheese surface during cheese ripening and their temporal variations in ready-to-eat cheeses over the years of production. We observed a clear transition of the phage community structure during ripening with a decreased relative abundance of viral species (vOTUs) associated with Lactococcus phages, which were replaced by vOTUs associated with phages infecting ripening bacteria such as Brevibacterium, Glutamicibacter, Pseudoalteromonas, and Vibrio. The dynamics of the phage community was strongly associated with bacterial successions observed on the cheese surface. Finally, while some variations in the distribution of phages were observed in ready-to-eat cheeses produced at different dates spanning more than 4 years of production, the most abundant phages were detected throughout. This result revealed the long-term persistence of the dominant phages in the cheese production environment. Together, these findings offer novel perspectives on the ecology of bacteriophages in smear-ripened cheese and emphasize the significance of incorporating bacteriophages in the microbial ecology studies of fermented foods.IMPORTANCEThe succession of diverse microbial populations is critical for ensuring the production of high-quality cheese. We observed a temporal succession of phages on the surface of a smear-ripened cheese, with new phage communities showing up when ripening bacteria start covering this surface. Interestingly, the final phage community of this cheese is also consistent over large periods of time, as the same bacteriophages were found in cheese products from the same manufacturer made over 4 years. This research highlights the importance of considering these bacteriophages when studying the microbial life of fermented foods like cheese.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Paillet
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR SayFood, Palaiseau, France
| | - Quentin Lamy-Besnier
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Clarisse Figueroa
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR SayFood, Palaiseau, France
| | - Marie-Agnès Petit
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Eric Dugat-Bony
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR SayFood, Palaiseau, France
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Barreto Pinilla CM, Brandelli A, Ataíde Isaia H, Guzman F, Sundfeld da Gama MA, Spadoti LM, Torres Silva E Alves A. Probiotic Potential and Application of Indigenous Non-Starter Lactic Acid Bacteria in Ripened Short-Aged Cheese. Curr Microbiol 2024; 81:202. [PMID: 38829392 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-024-03729-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
There are massive sources of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in traditional dairy products. Some of these indigenous strains could be novel probiotics with applications in human health and supply the growing needs of the probiotic industry. In this work, were analyzed the probiotic and technological properties of three Lactobacilli strains isolated from traditional Brazilian cheeses. In vitro tests showed that the three strains are safe and have probiotic features. They presented antimicrobial activity against pathogenic bacteria, auto-aggregation values around 60%, high biofilm formation properties, and a survivor of more than 65% to simulated acid conditions and more than 100% to bile salts. The three strains were used as adjunct cultures separately in a pilot-scale production of Prato cheese. After 45 days of ripening, the lactobacilli counts in the cheeses were close to 8 Log CFU/g, and was observed a reduction in the lactococci counts (around -3 Log CFU/g) in a strain-dependent manner. Cheese primary and secondary proteolysis were unaffected by the probiotic candidates during the ripening, and the strains showed no lipolytic effect, as no changes in the fatty acid profile of cheeses were observed. Thus, our findings suggest that the three strains evaluated have probiotic properties and have potential as adjunct non-starter lactic acid bacteria (NSLAB) to improve the quality and functionality of short-aged cheeses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adriano Brandelli
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology and Biochemistry, Institute of Food Science and Technology (ICTA), Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Henrique Ataíde Isaia
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology and Biochemistry, Institute of Food Science and Technology (ICTA), Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Frank Guzman
- Grupo de Investigación en Epidemiología y Diseminación de la Resistencia a Antimicrobianos - "One Health", Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Perú
| | | | - Leila Maria Spadoti
- Dairy Technology Center (TECNOLAT) of the Food Technology Institute (ITAL), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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Paiva NML, Ribeiro SC, Rosa HJD, Silva CCG. Comparative study of the bacterial community of organic and conventional cow's milk. Food Microbiol 2024; 120:104488. [PMID: 38431314 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2024.104488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Agricultural practises such as conventional and organic farming can potentially affect the microbial communities in milk. In the present study, the bacterial diversity of milk was investigated using high-throughput sequencing on ten organic and ten conventional farms in the Azores, a region where milk production is largely based on year-round grazing systems. The microbiota of milk from both production systems was dominated by Bacillota, Pseudomonadota, Actinomycetota and Bacteroidota. The organic milk showed greater heterogeneity between farms, as reflected in the dispersion of diversity indices and the large variation in the relative abundances of the dominant genera. In contrast, conventionally produced milk showed a high degree of similarity within each season. In the conventional production system, the season also had a strong influence on the bacterial community, but this effect was not observed in the organic milk. The LEfSe analysis identified the genus Iamia as significantly (p < 0.05) more abundant in organic milk, but depending on the season, several other genera were identified that distinguished organic milk from conventionally produced milk. Of these, Bacillus, Iamia and Nocardioides were associated with the soil microbiota in organic farming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuno M L Paiva
- School of Agrarian and Environmental Sciences, University of the Azores, Angra do Heroísmo, Azores, Portugal
| | - Susana C Ribeiro
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Research and Technology (IITAA), University of the Azores, Angra do Heroísmo, Azores, Portugal
| | - Henrique J D Rosa
- School of Agrarian and Environmental Sciences, University of the Azores, Angra do Heroísmo, Azores, Portugal; Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Research and Technology (IITAA), University of the Azores, Angra do Heroísmo, Azores, Portugal
| | - Célia C G Silva
- School of Agrarian and Environmental Sciences, University of the Azores, Angra do Heroísmo, Azores, Portugal; Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Research and Technology (IITAA), University of the Azores, Angra do Heroísmo, Azores, Portugal.
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Luziatelli F, Abou Jaoudé R, Melini F, Melini V, Ruzzi M. Microbial Evolution in Artisanal Pecorino-like Cheeses Produced from Two Farms Managing Two Different Breeds of Sheep (Comisana and Lacaune). Foods 2024; 13:1728. [PMID: 38890955 PMCID: PMC11171825 DOI: 10.3390/foods13111728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
"Pecorino" is a typical semi-hard cheese obtained with raw or heat-treated sheep milk using procedures to valorize the raw material's chemical and microbiological properties. In the present study, using a high-throughput method of 16S rRNA gene sequencing, we assessed the evolution of the microbiome composition from milk to Pecorino-like cheese in artisanal processes using milk from Comisana and Lacaune sheep breeds. The comparative analysis of the bacterial community composition revealed significant differences in the presence and abundance of specific taxa in the milk microbiomes of the Comisana and Lacaune breeds. Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) analysis also revealed differences in the curd microbiomes related to dairy farming practices, which have a relevant effect on the final structure of the Pecorino cheese microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Luziatelli
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-Food and Forest Systems (DIBAF), University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (R.A.J.); (M.R.)
| | - Renée Abou Jaoudé
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-Food and Forest Systems (DIBAF), University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (R.A.J.); (M.R.)
| | - Francesca Melini
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, 00178 Rome, Italy; (F.M.); (V.M.)
| | - Valentina Melini
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, 00178 Rome, Italy; (F.M.); (V.M.)
| | - Maurizio Ruzzi
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-Food and Forest Systems (DIBAF), University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (R.A.J.); (M.R.)
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Vacca M, Celano G, Serale N, Costantino G, Calabrese FM, Calasso M, De Angelis M. Dynamic microbial and metabolic changes during Apulian Caciocavallo cheese-making and ripening produced according to a standardized protocol. J Dairy Sci 2024:S0022-0302(24)00750-1. [PMID: 38642657 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-24049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
The cheese microbiota plays a critical role in influencing its sensory and physicochemical properties. In this study, traditional Apulian Caciocavallo cheese coming from 4 different dairies in the same area and produced following standardized procedures have been examined, as well as the different bulk milks and natural whey starter cultures used. Moreover, considering the cheese wheels as the blocks of Caciocavallo cheeses as whole, these were characterized at different layers (i.e., core, under-rind, and rind) of the block using a multi-omics approach. In addition to physical-chemical characterization, culturomics, quantitative PCR, metagenomics, and metabolomics analysis, have been carried out post-salting and throughout ripening time (2 mo) to investigate the major shifts in the succession of the microbiota and flavor development. Culture-dependent and 16S rRNA metataxonomics results clearly clustered samples based on the microbiota biodiversity related to the production dairy plant as the result of the use of different NWS or intrinsic conditions of each production site. At the beginning of the ripening, cheeses were dominated by the Lactobacillus and, in 2 dairies (Art and SdC), Streptococcus genera associated with the NWS. The analysis allowed us to show that, although the diversity of identified genera did not change significantly between the rind, under-rind and core fractions of the same samples, there was an evolution in the relative abundance and absolute quantification, modifying and differentiating profiles during ripening. The qPCR mainly differentiated the temporal adaptation of those species originating from bulk milks and those provided by NWSs. The primary starter detected in NWS and cheese reassured the high relative concentration of 1-butanol, 2-butanol, 2-heptanol, 2-butanone, acetoin, delta-dodecalactone, hexanoic acid ethyl ester, octanoic acid ethyl ester, and VFFA during ripening, while cheeses displaying low abundances of Streptococcus and Lactococcus (dairy Del) have a lower total concentration of acetoin compared with Art and SdC. However, the sub-dominant strains and NSLAB present in cheeses are responsible for the production of secondary metabolites belonging to the chemical classes of ketones, alcohols, and organic acids, reaffirming the importance and relevance of autochthonous strains of each dairy plant although considering a delimited production area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirco Vacca
- Dept. of Soil, Plant and Food Science (DiSSPA), University of Bari Aldo Moro, via G. Amendola 165/A, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Celano
- Dept. of Soil, Plant and Food Science (DiSSPA), University of Bari Aldo Moro, via G. Amendola 165/A, 70126, Bari, Italy.
| | - Nadia Serale
- Dept. of Soil, Plant and Food Science (DiSSPA), University of Bari Aldo Moro, via G. Amendola 165/A, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Costantino
- Dept. of Soil, Plant and Food Science (DiSSPA), University of Bari Aldo Moro, via G. Amendola 165/A, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Maria Calabrese
- Dept. of Soil, Plant and Food Science (DiSSPA), University of Bari Aldo Moro, via G. Amendola 165/A, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Calasso
- Dept. of Soil, Plant and Food Science (DiSSPA), University of Bari Aldo Moro, via G. Amendola 165/A, 70126, Bari, Italy.
| | - Maria De Angelis
- Dept. of Soil, Plant and Food Science (DiSSPA), University of Bari Aldo Moro, via G. Amendola 165/A, 70126, Bari, Italy
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Barreto Pinilla CM, da Silva Oliveira W, de Oliveira Garcia A, Spadoti LM, Redruello B, Del Rio B, Alvarez MA, Torres Silva E Alves A. Brazilian indigenous nonstarter lactic acid bacteria enhance the diversification of volatile compounds in short-aged cheese. Lett Appl Microbiol 2024; 77:ovae036. [PMID: 38573828 DOI: 10.1093/lambio/ovae036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
There is growing interest in using autochthonous lactic acid bacteria (LAB) that provide unique sensory characteristics to dairy products without affecting their safety and quality. This work studied the capacity of three Brazilian indigenous nonstarter LABs (NSLAB) to produce biogenic amines (BAs) and evaluated their effect on the volatile organic compounds (VOCs), microbial LAB communities, and physicochemical profile of short-aged cheese. Initially, the strain's potential for biosynthesis of BAs was assessed by PCR and in vitro assays. Then, a pilot-scale cheese was produced, including the NSLAB, and the microbial and VOC profiles were analyzed after 25 and 45 days of ripening. As a results, the strains did not present genes related to relevant BAs and did not produce them in vitro. During cheese ripening, the Lactococci counts were reduced, probably in the production of alcohols and acid compounds by the NSLAB. Each strain produces a unique VOC profile that changes over the ripening time without the main VOCs related to rancid or old cheese. Particularly, the use of the strain Lacticaseibacillus. paracasei ItalPN16 resulted in production of ester compounds with fruity notes. Thus, indigenous NSLAB could be a valuable tool for the enhancement and diversification of flavor in short-aged cheese.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wellington da Silva Oliveira
- Reference Laboratory for Physical, Sensory and Statistics Analysis, Science and Food Quality Center, Food Technology Institute (ITAL), Avenida Brasil 2880, 13070-178 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Aline de Oliveira Garcia
- Reference Laboratory for Physical, Sensory and Statistics Analysis, Science and Food Quality Center, Food Technology Institute (ITAL), Avenida Brasil 2880, 13070-178 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Leila Maria Spadoti
- Dairy Technology Center (TECNOLAT) of the Food Technology Institute (ITAL), SP 13070-178, Campinas, São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Begoña Redruello
- Molecular Microbiology Group, Dairy Research Institute (IPLA, CSIC), Paseo Río Linares, s/n, 33300 Villaviciosa, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Av. del Hospital Universitario, s/n, 33011, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Beatriz Del Rio
- Molecular Microbiology Group, Dairy Research Institute (IPLA, CSIC), Paseo Río Linares, s/n, 33300 Villaviciosa, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Av. del Hospital Universitario, s/n, 33011, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Miguel Angel Alvarez
- Molecular Microbiology Group, Dairy Research Institute (IPLA, CSIC), Paseo Río Linares, s/n, 33300 Villaviciosa, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Av. del Hospital Universitario, s/n, 33011, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Adriana Torres Silva E Alves
- Dairy Technology Center (TECNOLAT) of the Food Technology Institute (ITAL), SP 13070-178, Campinas, São Paulo , Brazil
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Qu Y, Yun J, Li Y, Ai D, Zhang W. Microbial succession and its correlation with the dynamics of flavor compounds involved in the fermentation of Longxi bacon. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1234797. [PMID: 37720146 PMCID: PMC10500841 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1234797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Longxi bacon is a traditional fermented meat from Gansu province, China. The ripening process of the bacon is crucial for quality and flavor. The aim of this study was to gain deeper knowledges on the bacterial and fungal community diversity and the changes of chemical components including fatty acids and volatile compounds at different time points during the ripening of the bacon and to understand the relationship between microbial profiles and the chemical components related the bacon flavor. Methods Bacon samples were collected from days 0, 15, 30, 60 and 90. The bacterial and fungal compositions were analyzed with next generation sequencing targeting the 16S rDNA loci for bacteria and ITS loci for fungi. The fatty acids and the volatile components were analyzed by headspace solid phase micro extraction followed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC/MS). Results We found that the abundance of bacteria in bacon was higher than that of fungi, and Psychrobacter, Brochothrix, Phoma and Trichoderma was the dominant bacon's population. The largest contributors of volatiles were aldehydes, ketones and esters, and the main fatty acids were palmitic, oleic and linoleic acids. Pearson correlation analysis between microbial succession and key flavor substances showed that the production of Longxi bacon flavor is the result of a combination of bacteria and fungi. Ten bacteria genera and six fungi genera were determined as functional core microbiota for the flavor production based their dominance and functionality in microbial community. In addition, bacteria and fungi are involved in the oxidation and hydrolysis of fatty acids during the ripening of bacon, which also contributes to the formation of bacon flavor. Discussion This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the key microbiota involved in shaping bacon's distinctive flavor. Here, the results presented should provide insight into the influence of the microenvironment on the microbial community in bacon and lay a foundation for further investigations into the food ecology of bacon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuling Qu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jianmin Yun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yanhu Li
- Zhuanglang County Food and Drug Inspection and Testing Centre, Pingliang, China
| | - Duiyuan Ai
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wenwei Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
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Wei J, Lu J, Nie Y, Li C, Du H, Xu Y. Amino Acids Drive the Deterministic Assembly Process of Fungal Community and Affect the Flavor Metabolites in Baijiu Fermentation. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0264022. [PMID: 36943039 PMCID: PMC10100711 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02640-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Nutrient fluctuation is ubiquitous in fermentation ecosystems. However, the microbial community assembly mechanism and metabolic characteristics in response to nutrient variation are still unclear. Here, we used Baijiu fermentation as a case example to study the responses of microbial community assembly and metabolic characteristics to the variation of amino acids using high-throughput sequencing and metatranscriptomics analyses. We chose two fermentation groups (group A with low amino acid and group B with high amino acid contents). The two groups showed similar succession patterns in the bacterial community, whereas they showed different succession in the fungal community wherein Pichia was dominant in group A and Zygosaccharomyces was dominant in group B. The β-nearest taxon index (βNTI) revealed that bacterial community was randomly formed, whereas fungal community assembly was a deterministic process. Variance partitioning analysis and redundancy analysis revealed that amino acids showed the largest contribution to the fungal community (37.64%, P = 0.005) and were more tightly associated with it in group B. Further study revealed that serine was positively related to Zygosaccharomyces and promoted its growth and ethanol production. Metatranscriptomic analysis revealed that the differential metabolic pathways between the two groups mainly included carbohydrate metabolism and amino acid metabolism, which explained the differences of ethanol production and volatile metabolites (such as isoamylol, isobutanol, and 2-methyl-1-butanol). Then these metabolic pathways were constructed and related gene expression and active microorganisms were listed. Our study provides a systematical understanding of the roles of amino acids in both ecological maintenance and flavor metabolism in fermentation ecosystems. IMPORTANCE In spontaneous fermented foods production, nutrient fluctuation is a critical factor affecting microbial community assembly and metabolic function. Revealing the microbial community assembly mechanism and how it regulates its metabolic characteristics in response to nutrient variation is helpful to the management of the fermentation process. This study provides a systematical understanding of the effect of amino acids on the microbial community assembly and flavor metabolisms using Baijiu fermentation as a case example. The data of this study highlight the importance of the nutrient management in fermentation ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junlin Wei
- Laboratory of Brewing Microbiology and Applied Enzymology, Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jun Lu
- Guizhou Guotai Liquor Group Co. Ltd., Guizhou, China
| | - Yao Nie
- Laboratory of Brewing Microbiology and Applied Enzymology, Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Changwen Li
- Guizhou Guotai Liquor Group Co. Ltd., Guizhou, China
| | - Hai Du
- Laboratory of Brewing Microbiology and Applied Enzymology, Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Laboratory of Brewing Microbiology and Applied Enzymology, Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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9
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Bettera L, Levante A, Bancalari E, Bottari B, Gatti M. Lactic acid bacteria in cow raw milk for cheese production: Which and how many? Front Microbiol 2023; 13:1092224. [PMID: 36713157 PMCID: PMC9878191 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1092224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) exert a fundamental activity in cheese production, as starter LAB in curd acidification, or non-starter LAB (NSLAB) during ripening, in particular in flavor formation. NSLAB originate from the farm and dairy environment, becoming natural contaminants of raw milk where they are present in very low concentrations. Afterward, throughout the different cheesemaking processes, they withstand chemical and physical stresses becoming dominant in ripened cheeses. However, despite a great body of knowledge is available in the literature about NSLAB effect on cheese ripening, the investigations regarding their presence and abundance in raw milk are still poor. With the aim to answer the initial question: "which and how many LAB are present in cow raw milk used for cheese production?," this review has been divided in two main parts. The first one gives an overview of LAB presence in the complex microbiota of raw milk through the meta-analysis of recent taxonomic studies. In the second part, we present a collection of data about LAB quantification in raw milk by culture-dependent analysis, retrieved through a systematic review. Essentially, the revision of data obtained by plate counts on selective agar media showed an average higher concentration of coccoid LAB than lactobacilli, which was found to be consistent with meta-taxonomic analysis. The advantages of the impedometric technique applied to the quantification of LAB in raw milk were also briefly discussed with a focus on the statistical significance of the obtainable data. Furthermore, this approach was also found to be more accurate in highlighting that microorganisms other than LAB are the major component of raw milk. Nevertheless, the variability of the results observed in the studies based on the same counting methodology, highlights that different sampling methods, as well as the "history" of milk before analysis, are variables of great importance that need to be considered in raw milk analysis.
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Niro S, Fratianni A, Tremonte P, Lombardi SJ, Sorrentino E, Manzi P, Panfili G. Cis-trans retinol isomerisation: Influence of microorganisms during the production of pasta filata cheeses. Int Dairy J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2022.105441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Celano G, Costantino G, Calasso M, Randazzo C, Minervini F. Distinctive Traits of Four Apulian Traditional Agri-Food Product (TAP) Cheeses Manufactured at the Same Dairy Plant. Foods 2022; 11:foods11030425. [PMID: 35159575 PMCID: PMC8834160 DOI: 10.3390/foods11030425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to highlight the distinctive features of four Traditional Agri-food Products (TAP), namely, Caprino, Pecorino, Vaccino, and Cacioricotta cheeses produced at the same dairy plant to reveal any possible relationships between their microbiological and biochemical characteristics. Two distinct natural whey starter (NWS) cultures were used during Caprino and Vaccino cheesemaking, whereas no starter was used for the other cheeses. Cacioricotta retained the highest concentrations of salt and residual carbohydrates. Lactic acid bacteria dominated the microbiota of the cheeses. Furthermore, staphylococci represented an additional dominant microbial population in Cacioricotta. Although culture-dependent analysis showed that the use of NWS cultures only slightly affected the microbial community of cheeses, 16S metagenetic analysis showed that Lactobacillus helveticus dominated both the NWS cultures and the corresponding Caprino and Vaccino cheeses. This analysis indicated that Staphylococcus equorum and Streptococcus thermophilus dominated Cacioricotta and Pecorino cheeses, respectively. The highest peptidase activities were found in either Caprino or Vaccino. Enzymes involved in the catabolism of free amino acids and esterase showed the highest activity in Pecorino cheese. Each cheese showed a distinct profile of volatile organic compounds, with Pecorino being the richest cheese in carboxylic acids, ketones, and esters, related to lipolysis. The results of this study contribute to valorizing and safeguarding these TAP cheeses, sustaining local farming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Celano
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Amendola 165/a, 70126 Bari, Italy; (M.C.); (F.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0805442950
| | - Giuseppe Costantino
- Department of Veterinary Medicine-Food Safety Section, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy;
| | - Maria Calasso
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Amendola 165/a, 70126 Bari, Italy; (M.C.); (F.M.)
| | - Cinzia Randazzo
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environment, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy;
| | - Fabio Minervini
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Amendola 165/a, 70126 Bari, Italy; (M.C.); (F.M.)
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Anastasiou R, Kazou M, Georgalaki M, Aktypis A, Zoumpopoulou G, Tsakalidou E. Omics Approaches to Assess Flavor Development in Cheese. Foods 2022; 11:188. [PMID: 35053920 PMCID: PMC8775153 DOI: 10.3390/foods11020188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cheese is characterized by a rich and complex microbiota that plays a vital role during both production and ripening, contributing significantly to the safety, quality, and sensory characteristics of the final product. In this context, it is vital to explore the microbiota composition and understand its dynamics and evolution during cheese manufacturing and ripening. Application of high-throughput DNA sequencing technologies have facilitated the more accurate identification of the cheese microbiome, detailed study of its potential functionality, and its contribution to the development of specific organoleptic properties. These technologies include amplicon sequencing, whole-metagenome shotgun sequencing, metatranscriptomics, and, most recently, metabolomics. In recent years, however, the application of multiple meta-omics approaches along with data integration analysis, which was enabled by advanced computational and bioinformatics tools, paved the way to better comprehension of the cheese ripening process, revealing significant associations between the cheese microbiota and metabolites, as well as their impact on cheese flavor and quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania Anastasiou
- Laboratory of Dairy Research, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 118 55 Athens, Greece; (M.K.); (M.G.); (A.A.); (G.Z.); (E.T.)
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13
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Ban S, Chen L, Fu S, Wu Q, Xu Y. Modelling and predicting population of core fungi through processing parameters in spontaneous starter (Daqu) fermentation. Int J Food Microbiol 2021; 363:109493. [PMID: 34953345 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2021.109493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Traditional fermented foods are usually produced by spontaneous fermentation with multiple microorganisms. Environmental factors play important roles in microbial succession. However, it is still unclear how the processing parameters regulate the microbiota during fermentation. Here, we reveal the effects of processing parameters on the core microbiota in spontaneous fermentation of Chinese liquor starter. Rhizopus, Pichia, Wickerhamomyces, Saccharomycopsis, Aspergillus and Saccharomyces were identified as core microbiota using amplicon sequencing and metaproteomics analysis. Fermentation moisture gradually decreased from 34.8% to 14.2%, and fermentation temperature varied between 17.0 °C and 35.3 °C during the fermentation. Mantel test showed that fermentation moisture (P < 0.001) and fermentation temperature (P < 0.05) significantly affected the core microbiota. Moreover, structural equation modelling analysis indicated that fermentation moisture (P < 0.001) and fermentation temperature (P < 0.001) were respectively influenced by the processing parameters, room humidity and room temperature. The succession of Rhizopus, Pichia, Wickerhamomyces, Saccharomycopsis and Aspergillus were significantly affected by room humidity (P < 0.05), and the succession of Saccharomyces was significantly affected by room temperature (P < 0.001). Further, models were constructed to predict the population of core microbiota by room humidity and room temperature, using Gaussian process regression and linear regression (P < 0.05). This work would be beneficial for regulating microorganisms via controlling processing parameters in spontaneous food fermentations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shibo Ban
- Lab of Brewing Microbiology and Applied Enzymology, Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Lingna Chen
- Lab of Brewing Microbiology and Applied Enzymology, Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Shuangxue Fu
- Lab of Brewing Microbiology and Applied Enzymology, Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Qun Wu
- Lab of Brewing Microbiology and Applied Enzymology, Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Yan Xu
- Lab of Brewing Microbiology and Applied Enzymology, Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
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14
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Binzel DW, Li X, Burns N, Khan E, Lee WJ, Chen LC, Ellipilli S, Miles W, Ho YS, Guo P. Thermostability, Tunability, and Tenacity of RNA as Rubbery Anionic Polymeric Materials in Nanotechnology and Nanomedicine-Specific Cancer Targeting with Undetectable Toxicity. Chem Rev 2021; 121:7398-7467. [PMID: 34038115 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
RNA nanotechnology is the bottom-up self-assembly of nanometer-scale architectures, resembling LEGOs, composed mainly of RNA. The ideal building material should be (1) versatile and controllable in shape and stoichiometry, (2) spontaneously self-assemble, and (3) thermodynamically, chemically, and enzymatically stable with a long shelf life. RNA building blocks exhibit each of the above. RNA is a polynucleic acid, making it a polymer, and its negative-charge prevents nonspecific binding to negatively charged cell membranes. The thermostability makes it suitable for logic gates, resistive memory, sensor set-ups, and NEM devices. RNA can be designed and manipulated with a level of simplicity of DNA while displaying versatile structure and enzyme activity of proteins. RNA can fold into single-stranded loops or bulges to serve as mounting dovetails for intermolecular or domain interactions without external linking dowels. RNA nanoparticles display rubber- and amoeba-like properties and are stretchable and shrinkable through multiple repeats, leading to enhanced tumor targeting and fast renal excretion to reduce toxicities. It was predicted in 2014 that RNA would be the third milestone in pharmaceutical drug development. The recent approval of several RNA drugs and COVID-19 mRNA vaccines by FDA suggests that this milestone is being realized. Here, we review the unique properties of RNA nanotechnology, summarize its recent advancements, describe its distinct attributes inside or outside the body and discuss potential applications in nanotechnology, medicine, and material science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel W Binzel
- Center for RNA Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine, College of Pharmacy, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, James Comprehensive Cancer Center, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Xin Li
- Center for RNA Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine, College of Pharmacy, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, James Comprehensive Cancer Center, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Nicolas Burns
- Center for RNA Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine, College of Pharmacy, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, James Comprehensive Cancer Center, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Eshan Khan
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, College of Medicine, Center for RNA Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Wen-Jui Lee
- TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Li-Ching Chen
- TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Satheesh Ellipilli
- Center for RNA Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine, College of Pharmacy, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, James Comprehensive Cancer Center, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Wayne Miles
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, College of Medicine, Center for RNA Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Yuan Soon Ho
- TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Peixuan Guo
- Center for RNA Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine, College of Pharmacy, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, James Comprehensive Cancer Center, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
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15
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Mayo B, Rodríguez J, Vázquez L, Flórez AB. Microbial Interactions within the Cheese Ecosystem and Their Application to Improve Quality and Safety. Foods 2021; 10:602. [PMID: 33809159 PMCID: PMC8000492 DOI: 10.3390/foods10030602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The cheese microbiota comprises a consortium of prokaryotic, eukaryotic and viral populations, among which lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are majority components with a prominent role during manufacturing and ripening. The assortment, numbers and proportions of LAB and other microbial biotypes making up the microbiota of cheese are affected by a range of biotic and abiotic factors. Cooperative and competitive interactions between distinct members of the microbiota may occur, with rheological, organoleptic and safety implications for ripened cheese. However, the mechanistic details of these interactions, and their functional consequences, are largely unknown. Acquiring such knowledge is important if we are to predict when fermentations will be successful and understand the causes of technological failures. The experimental use of "synthetic" microbial communities might help throw light on the dynamics of different cheese microbiota components and the interplay between them. Although synthetic communities cannot reproduce entirely the natural microbial diversity in cheese, they could help reveal basic principles governing the interactions between microbial types and perhaps allow multi-species microbial communities to be developed as functional starters. By occupying the whole ecosystem taxonomically and functionally, microbiota-based cultures might be expected to be more resilient and efficient than conventional starters in the development of unique sensorial properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baltasar Mayo
- Departamento de Microbiología y Bioquímica, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Paseo Río Linares s/n, 33300 Villaviciosa, Spain; (J.R.); (L.V.); (A.B.F.)
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16
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Du H, Ji M, Xing M, Wang X, Xu Y. The effects of dynamic bacterial succession on the flavor metabolites during Baijiu fermentation. Food Res Int 2021; 140:109860. [PMID: 33648178 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The succession of microbial community significantly affect the flavor formation of traditional fermented foods and beverages. Chinese liquor (Baijiu) fermentation is a typical spontaneous solid-state fermentation process driven by natural microbiota. The type of process used to make liquor-craft or industrial-alters the operational environment and the aromatic qualities of the product contributed by various microbial consortia. But differences in microbial community assembly and temporal succession are often overlooked. In this study, we investigated bacterial community dynamics, substrate consumption, and metabolite production during both craft and industrial liquor-making processes (CLP and ILP, respectively). We found that the compositions of bacterial communities were different, even though no significant difference (p > 0.05) was observed in bacterial species between CLP and ILP at the beginning of fermentation. During ILP, glucose was used more rapidly by microflora, leading in turn to a higher ethanol production rate during the early stage of fermentation. The higher rate of ethanol production in ILP shortened the lifetime of bacteria such as Weissella, Pediococcus, Leuconostoc, and Bacillus during the early stage of fermentation. Lactobacillus sp. became dominant earlier in ILP than in CLP. Finally, the change in bacterial community dynamics led to changes in aroma compounds. Using CLP and ILP as a model system, our results illustrate the dynamic nature of Baijiu fermentations and microbial succession patterns therein. This can be applied to optimize the fermentation processes and flavors attributes of this and other fermented foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Du
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei Ji
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Minyu Xing
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueshan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China.
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17
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Serra N, Di Carlo P, D'Arpa F, Battaglia E, Fasciana T, Gulotta G, Maida CM, Rodolico V, Giammanco A, Sergi C. Human bile microbiota: A retrospective study focusing on age and gender. J Infect Public Health 2021; 14:206-213. [PMID: 33486377 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2020.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS The emerging biliary colonization of microorganisms in patients with biliary diseases may be devastating. Recent evidence suggests that age and gender may influence changes in the microbial composition of gut microbiota. To study the relationship between these parameters on bile microbiota, we retrospectively reviewed positive bile cultures following an endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in a QA-certified academic surgical unit of a single institution. METHODS 449 positive bile cultures from 172 Italian patients with diseases of the biliopancreatic system hospitalized from 2006 through 2017 were investigated for aerobic, anaerobic, and fungal organisms. The patients were stratified into four age intervals (22-66, 67-74, 75-81, and 82-93 years) and followed up for five years. RESULTS Gram-positive bacteria (GPB) was negatively associated with age only in multivariate analysis (Rpartial = -0.114, p = 0.017), with younger patients prone to harbor GPB and older patients likely to have Gram-negative bacteria (GNB). There was a definite link with the male gender using both univariate and multivariate analysis (p < 0.001). Enterococcus spp. was the most common strain identified in patients with GPB except for patients aged 67-74 years for male (95.2%) and female (80.9%) patients. Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp. were most frequent than others in every group analyzed. Analogous results were found for bacteria Non-fermenting Gram-negative bacilli (NFGNB), such as Pseudomonas spp. and Stenotrophomonas spp. apart of the 2nd quartile. CONCLUSIONS Our study strengthens the bond of age and gender with bile microbiota composition and suggests that further investigations may be required in targeting the aging microbiome. Other studies should also focus on Mediterranean epidemiological characteristics and antibiotic resistance surveillance system strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Serra
- Department of Public Health, University "Federico II", Neaples, Italy.
| | - Paola Di Carlo
- Department of Sciences for Health Promotion and Mother & Child Care, Section of Infectious Disease, University of Palermo, Italy.
| | - Francesco D'Arpa
- Department of General Surgery and Emergency, University of Palermo, Italy.
| | - Emanuele Battaglia
- Department of General Surgery and Emergency, University of Palermo, Italy.
| | - Teresa Fasciana
- Department of Sciences for Health Promotion and Mother & Child Care, Section of Microbiology, University of Palermo, Italy.
| | - Gaspare Gulotta
- Department of General Surgery and Emergency, University of Palermo, Italy.
| | - Carmelo M Maida
- Department of Sciences for Health Promotion and Mother & Child Care, Section of Hygiene, University of Palermo, Italy.
| | - Vito Rodolico
- Department of Sciences for Health Promotion and Mother & Child Care, Section of Anatomic Pathology, University of Palermo, Italy.
| | - Anna Giammanco
- Department of Sciences for Health Promotion and Mother & Child Care, Section of Microbiology, University of Palermo, Italy.
| | - Consolato Sergi
- Department of Lab. Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, Stollery Children's Hospital, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
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18
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Bacterial Succession through the Artisanal Process and Seasonal Effects Defining Bacterial Communities of Raw-Milk Adobera Cheese Revealed by High Throughput DNA Sequencing. Microorganisms 2020; 9:microorganisms9010024. [PMID: 33374626 PMCID: PMC7822463 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9010024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The bacterial community of the artisanal Adobera cheese from Los Altos de Jalisco was described through high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA gene libraries. Samples were collected in two different seasons (dry and rainy) during four key steps of the manufacturing process (raw milk, fresh curd, matured curd, and cheese). Bacterial diversity was higher in early steps in comparison with the final elaboration stages. Firmicutes and Proteobacteria were the most abundant phyla, strongly represented by the Streptococcaceae, Enterobacteriaceae and Lactobacillaceae families, and core bacteria genera such as Streptococcus spp., Lactococcus spp., and Lactobacillus spp. Undesirable bacteria, including Pseudomonas spp. and Acinetobacter spp., were also detected in raw milk but almost undetectable at the end of the cheese manufacturing process, and seemed to be displaced by lactic-acid bacteria-related genera. Seasonal effects were observed on the community structure but did not define the core microbiota composition. Predictive metabolism was related to membrane transport, and amino-acid, lipid, and carbohydrate metabolism pathways. Our results contribute to deduce the role of bacteria involved in Adobera cheese manufacturing in terms of the metabolism involved, cheese microbial safety, and how undesirable bacterial populations could be regulated by process standardization as a potential tool to improve safety.
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Mannitol and erythritol reduce the ethanol yield during Chinese Baijiu production. Int J Food Microbiol 2020; 337:108933. [PMID: 33181418 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2020.108933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Chinese Baijiu is prepared using multiple microbial strains and complex metabolites by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF). Yeasts are challenged by various endogenous and exogenous factors, detrimentally affecting the ethanol yield. It is imperative to identify and control inhibitory factors. In the present study, microbial taxa and metabolites during Baijiu fermentation were evaluated to identify inhibitors of ethanol production. We found that filamentous fungi and Bacillus, contributing to saccharification, were negatively related to the ethanol content (Spearman's |ρ| > 0.5, P < 0.05). To explore how they affect ethanol production, ten filamentous fungi and three Bacillus strains were isolated. In addition to glucose and maltose, polyols were simultaneously generated by filamentous fungi and Bacillus via the hydrolysis of starch, among which mannitol and erythritol had the highest contents of up to 41.56 ± 2.01 g/kg and 16.16 ± 1.13 g/kg, respectively. The presence of mannitol and erythritol inhibited ethanol production by the functional yeasts Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Pichia kudriavzevii. The presence of 10.0 g/L mannitol significantly (P < 0.01) decreased the ethanol yield of S. cerevisiae by 12.67% (from 39.34 ± 0.02% to 32.71 ± 0.49%). These results revealed that polyols may inhibit the production of Baijiu and other fermented foods, suggesting that the origin and influence of polyols should be a focus of future research.
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Acin-Albiac M, Filannino P, Gobbetti M, Di Cagno R. Microbial high throughput phenomics: The potential of an irreplaceable omics. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2020; 18:2290-2299. [PMID: 32994888 PMCID: PMC7490730 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2020.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The phenotype-genotype landscape is a projection coming from detailed phenotypic and genotypic data under environmental pressure. Although phenome of microbes or microbial consortia mirrors the functional expression of a genome or set of genomes, metabolic traits rely on the phenotype. Phenomics has the potential to revolution functional genomics. In this review, we discuss why and how phenomics was developed. We described how phenomics may extend our understanding of the assembly of microbial consortia and their functionality, and then we outlined the novel applications within the study of phenomes using Omnilog platform together with a revision of its current application to study lactic acid bacteria (LAB) metabolic traits during food processing. LAB were proposed as a suitable model system to analyze and discuss the implementation and exploitation of this emerging omics approach. We introduced the 'phenotype switching', as a new phenotype microarray approach to get insights in bacterial physiology. An overview of methodologies and tools to manage and analyze the generated data was provided. Finally, pro and cons of pipelines developed so far, including the most innovative ones were critically analyzed. We propose an R pipeline, recently deposited, which allows to automatically analyze Omnilog data integrating the latest approaches and implementing the new concepts described here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Acin-Albiac
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Pasquale Filannino
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Marco Gobbetti
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Raffaella Di Cagno
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
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22
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Characteristic physicochemical indexes and flavor compounds in Xinjiang Kazak cheese during ripening. FOOD BIOSCI 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2020.100586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Anagnostopoulos DA, Kamilari E, Tsaltas D. Evolution of Bacterial Communities, Physicochemical Changes and Sensorial Attributes of Natural Whole and Cracked Picual Table Olives During Spontaneous and Inoculated Fermentation. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1128. [PMID: 32547528 PMCID: PMC7273852 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Table olives are one of the most well-known traditionally fermented products, and their global consumption is exponentially increasing. In direct brining, table olives are produced spontaneously, without any debittering pre-treatment. Up to date, fermentation process remains empirical and inconstant, as it is affected by the physicochemical attributes of the fruit, tree and fruit management of pro and post-harvest. In the present study, whole and cracked Picual table olives were fermented at industrial scale for 120 days, using three distinct methods (natural fermentation, inoculation with lactic acid bacteria (LAB) at a 7 or a 10% NaCl concentration). Microbial, physicochemical and sensorial alterations monitored during the whole process, and several differences were observed between treatments. Results indicated that in all treatments, the dominant microflora were LAB. Yeasts also detected in noteworthy populations, especially in non-inoculated samples. However, LAB population was significantly higher in inoculated compared to non-inoculated samples. Microbial profiles identified by metagenomic approach showed meaningful differences between spontaneous and inoculated treatments. As a result, the profound dominance of starter culture had a severe effect on olives fermentation, resulting in lower pH and higher acidification, which was mainly caused by the higher levels of lactic acid produced. Furthermore, the elimination of Enterobacteriaceae was shortened, even at lower salt concentration. Although no effect observed concerning the quantitated organoleptic parameters such as color and texture, significantly higher levels in terms of antioxidant capacity were recorded in inoculated samples. At the same time, the degradation time of oleuropein was shortened, leading to the production of higher levels of hydroxytyrosol. Based on this evidence, the establishment of starter culture driven Picual olives fermentation is strongly recommended. It is crucial to mention that the inoculated treatment with reducing sodium content was highly appreciated by the sensory panel, enhancing the hypothesis that the production of Picual table olives at reduced NaCl levels is achievable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios A Anagnostopoulos
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Eleni Kamilari
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Dimitrios Tsaltas
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, Cyprus
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Ji M, Du H, Xu Y. Structural and metabolic performance of p-cresol producing microbiota in different carbon sources. Food Res Int 2020; 132:109049. [PMID: 32331677 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
p-Cresol (PC) is a potential off-flavor and carcinogenic compound that affects food flavor and safety. However, controlling the production of PC when making fermented food is hindered by a lack of knowledge of the microbial diversity and the growth requirements of the microbiota that produce PC. To address this, the present study used three media with selected carbon sources (glucose, ethanol and lactic acid) to explore the microbial origin of PC and to determine the preferred carbon source for the PC-producing microbiota in the pit mud of the strong-aroma type Baijiu. The results showed that the different carbon sources affected the microbial structure, especially of the PC-producing microbiota. Glucose led to the highest production of PC and lactic acid to the lowest. The production of PC was significantly correlated (p < 0.05, |ρ| > 0.6) with Dorea, Sporanaerobacter, Tepidimicrobium, Tissierella Soehngenia, Clostridium and Sedimentibacter in the glucose medium; with Proteiniborus, Ruminococcus and Sporanaerobacter in the ethanol medium; and with Lutispora and Tepidimicrobium in the lactic acid medium. Multiphasic metabolite target analysis further indicated that the PC-producing microbiota could also metabolize flavor compounds. Lactic acid could inhibit the production of PC and ensure that the microbiota produced the appropriate flavor compounds during culture. Collectively, Dorea, Sporanaerobacter, Tepidimicrobium, Tissierella_Soehngenia, Clostridium, Sedimentibacter, Proteiniborus, Ruminococcus and Lutispora were identified as potential PC producers in three media with glucose preferred as the carbon source. These findings provide a perspective on the microbiota and carbon source preference for ultimately improving the quality of distilled alcoholic beverage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Ji
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai Du
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China.
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25
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Diversity and succession of microbial communities and chemical analysis in dried Lutianus erythropterus during storage. Int J Food Microbiol 2020; 314:108416. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2019.108416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Jiang J, Liu Y, Li H, Yang Q, Wu Q, Chen S, Tang J, Xu Y. Modeling and Regulation of Higher Alcohol Production through the Combined Effects of the C/N Ratio and Microbial Interaction. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:10694-10701. [PMID: 31476866 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b04545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Too large of a higher alcohol content has negative effects on the liquor taste and health. Revealing the key microbes and their key driving forces is essential to regulate the higher alcohol content in spontaneous liquor fermentation. Herein, we used high-throughput sequencing associated with a multivariate statistical algorithm to reveal the contributing microbes for higher alcohol production in Chinese light-aroma-type liquor and identified that Saccharomyces and Pichia were the main contributors. In addition, the C/N ratio and microbial interaction were found to significantly affect the production of higher alcohols. Herein, we used response surface methodology to establish a predictive model for higher alcohol production with the regulating factors, and the content of total higher alcohols decreased significantly from 328.80 ± 24.83 to 114.88 ± 5.02 mg/L with the optimized levels of the regulators. This work would facilitate the control of flavor production via regulating microbial communities in food fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Biotechnology , Jiangnan University , Wuxi , Jiangsu 214122 , China
| | - Yuancai Liu
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Traditional Chinese Medicine Health Food, Jing Brand Research Institute , Jing Brand Company, Limited , Daye , Hubei 435100 , China
| | - Huanhuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Biotechnology , Jiangnan University , Wuxi , Jiangsu 214122 , China
| | - Qiang Yang
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Traditional Chinese Medicine Health Food, Jing Brand Research Institute , Jing Brand Company, Limited , Daye , Hubei 435100 , China
| | - Qun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Biotechnology , Jiangnan University , Wuxi , Jiangsu 214122 , China
| | - Shenxi Chen
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Traditional Chinese Medicine Health Food, Jing Brand Research Institute , Jing Brand Company, Limited , Daye , Hubei 435100 , China
| | - Jie Tang
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Traditional Chinese Medicine Health Food, Jing Brand Research Institute , Jing Brand Company, Limited , Daye , Hubei 435100 , China
| | - Yan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Biotechnology , Jiangnan University , Wuxi , Jiangsu 214122 , China
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Finding a common core microbiota in two Brazilian dairies through culture and DNA metabarcoding studies. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2019; 56:5326-5335. [PMID: 31749480 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-019-04003-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Dairy foods are complex ecosystems composed of microorganisms from different origins that can affect flavor and safety of final products. The objective of this paper is to assess the in-house microbiota of two Brazilian dairies and to discuss the possible implications of the taxa determined for food protection. In total, 27 samples from dairies were cultured in selective (Baird Parker, de Man, Rogosa and Sharpe) and non-selective (Brain Heart Infusion) media, and the isolates were identified by Sanger sequencing. Moreover, metagenomic DNA was directly extracted from samples and the structure of the bacterial community was determined by massive DNA sequencing followed by bioinformatics analyses. The results showed the majority of isolates belonged to the group of lactic acid bacteria, but Enterobacteriaceae, Staphylococcacceae, Bacillaceae, Pseudomonadaceae and Moraxellaceae were also detected. From the reads obtained in metataxonomics analyses, a heatmap was constructed and the top 20 OTUs (operational taxonomic units) were determined. Besides, 12 most prevalent bacterial taxa were assigned to the core microbiota of the dairies evaluated, which included Thiomonas thermosulfata, Alkalibacillus salilacus, Pseudomonas clemancea, Erythrobacter aquimans, Tetragenococcus doogicus, Macrococcus brunensis, Pseudomonas ludensis, Streptococcus dentinousetti, Serratia entomophila, Vagococcus teuberi, Lactococcus fujiensis and Tolumonas auensis. In conclusion, the results reveal the presence of bacteria that may be related to spoilage and also foodborne diseases, in microbial niches that also present rare taxa, highlighting the importance to consider culture-independent results to evaluate and improve food safety.
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28
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Liu C, Feng S, Wu Q, Huang H, Chen Z, Li S, Xu Y. Raw Material Regulates Flavor Formation via Driving Microbiota in Chinese Liquor Fermentation. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1520. [PMID: 31333623 PMCID: PMC6620735 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Raw material is important for flavors in fermented foods. Here, the effect of hulless barley on the microbiota in Chinese liquor was studied using two main cultivars (heilaoya and dulihuang). Six genera (Lactobacillus, Saccharomyces, Komagataella, Aspergillus, Pichia, and Weissella) were identified as flavor producers. Komagataella, mainly correlated with esters, dominated in heilaoya, and Pichia, mainly correlated with carbonyls, dominated in dulihuang. The Mantel test indicated reducing sugar drove the succession of microbiota (heilaoya: P = 0.001; dulihuang: P = 0.006). Especially, glucose (P = 0.0226) and fructose (P = 0.0168) presented the most significant correlations with Pichia and Komagataella, respectively. The simulative fermentation confirmed Komagataella phaffii QK2 grew better in heilaoya with more fructose, whereas Pichia fermentans PF grew better in dulihuang with more glucose. This work highlighted the effect of raw material on microbiota, which would be beneficial for regulating the quality of fermented foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongchong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Suqian Industrial Technology Research Institute, Jiangnan University, Suqian, China
| | | | - Qun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Suqian Industrial Technology Research Institute, Jiangnan University, Suqian, China
| | | | - Zhanxiu Chen
- Qinghai Huzhu Barley Wine Co., Ltd., Haidong, China
| | - Shanwen Li
- Qinghai Huzhu Barley Wine Co., Ltd., Haidong, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Suqian Industrial Technology Research Institute, Jiangnan University, Suqian, China
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29
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Kamimura BA, De Filippis F, Sant’Ana AS, Ercolini D. Large-scale mapping of microbial diversity in artisanal Brazilian cheeses. Food Microbiol 2019; 80:40-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2018.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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30
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Milk and Dairy Products. Food Microbiol 2019. [DOI: 10.1128/9781555819972.ch5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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31
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Sant'Anna FM, Wetzels SU, Cicco SHS, Figueiredo RC, Sales GA, Figueiredo NC, Nunes CA, Schmitz-Esser S, Mann E, Wagner M, Souza MR. Microbial shifts in Minas artisanal cheeses from the Serra do Salitre region of Minas Gerais, Brazil throughout ripening time. Food Microbiol 2019; 82:349-362. [PMID: 31027793 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2019.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The Minas artisanal cheese is a traditional product in its way of producing. Produced in the Minas Gerais state, Brazil, this cheese is made using raw cow's milk with the addition of an endogenous starter culture called "pingo", responsible for inoculating specific microorganisms that could enhance flavor and sensorial aspects. There are seven regions able to produce and commercialize this product - Araxá, Campo das Vertentes, Canastra Cerrado, Serra do Salitre, Serro and Triângulo Mineiro. This study aimed to assess the bacterial community of raw milk, endogenous starter culture and to uncover possible shifts in the bacterial community of the rind and core of cheeses at sixty days of ripening located in the Serra do Salitre region by Illumina MiSeq 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Raw milk and starter culture are responsible for inoculating specific bacteria into the cheese, with Planococcaceae and Streptococcaceae being prevalent throughout ripening time. The Planococcaceae family seems to develop strong interactions with the Leuconostocaceae family on the surface of these cheeses, and is associated with environmental aspects of the region, probably leading to a microbial signature of these products. Additionally, abiotic factors such as geographical location, moisture and acidity are major drivers in the microbial shift.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Machado Sant'Anna
- Department of Technology and Inspection of Products of Animal Origin, Veterinary School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Pampulha, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Stefanie Urimarie Wetzels
- Institute for Milk Hygiene, Milk Technology and Food Science, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210, Vienna, Austria; Austrian Competence Centre for Feed and Food Quality, Safety and Innovation FFoQSI GmbH, Technopark 1C, 3430, Tulln, Austria
| | - Sávio Henrique Sandes Cicco
- Department of General Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Pampulha, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ranier Chaves Figueiredo
- Department of Technology and Inspection of Products of Animal Origin, Veterinary School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Pampulha, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Gilson Assis Sales
- Department of Technology and Inspection of Products of Animal Origin, Veterinary School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Pampulha, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Naiara Chaves Figueiredo
- Department of Technology and Inspection of Products of Animal Origin, Veterinary School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Pampulha, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Cantini Alvaro Nunes
- Department of General Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Pampulha, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Stephan Schmitz-Esser
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, 3222 NSRIC, 1029 North University Boulevard, 50011, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Evelyne Mann
- Institute for Milk Hygiene, Milk Technology and Food Science, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Wagner
- Institute for Milk Hygiene, Milk Technology and Food Science, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210, Vienna, Austria; Austrian Competence Centre for Feed and Food Quality, Safety and Innovation FFoQSI GmbH, Technopark 1C, 3430, Tulln, Austria
| | - Marcelo Resende Souza
- Department of Technology and Inspection of Products of Animal Origin, Veterinary School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Pampulha, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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32
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Chen YH, Liu XW, Huang JL, Baloch S, Xu X, Pei XF. Microbial diversity and chemical analysis of Shuidouchi, traditional Chinese fermented soybean. Food Res Int 2019; 116:1289-1297. [PMID: 30716918 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Shuidouchi is a traditional Chinese fermented soybean product and its quality is largely affected by the microbes involved in the fermentation. In this study, eleven Shuidouchi samples were collected from southwest China and the microbial diversity and its correlations with chemical characteristics were investigated. Bacterial community was detected using 16S rRNA sequencing, along with bacterial and fungal viable plate counts. Biogenic amines and other chemical characteristics were determined by HPLC and corresponding chemical reaction methods. Among eleven Shuidouchi samples, 21 phyla and 356 genera were identified. Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria were the predominant phyla while Bacillus, Bacteroides and Lactobacillus were the main genera. The average cell number of bacteria, lactic acid bacteria and fungi were 1.6 × 106, 5.9 × 104 and 7.6 × 103 CFU/g, respectively. HPLC results showed that the mean concentration of tryptamine, β-phenylethylamine, putrescine, cadaverine, histamine, tyramine, spermidine and spermine were 23.11, 3.66, 12.21, 7.12, 8.13, 22.98, 24.72, and 39.00 mg/kg, respectively. The average content of other characteristics including amino acid nitrogen, titratable acidity, and reducing sugar were 2.08, 3.44, and 25.78 g/kg, respectively. Shuidouchi samples were slightly acidic or neutral. Fibrinolytic enzyme activity was detected only in one sample. Among top 52 identified genera, 9 genera showed positive correlations with the chemical characteristics of Shuidouchi while 15 genera were negatively associated. Our results indicated that Shuidouchi contained rich microbial resources and were edible safety based on the tested indexes. The associations identified between microbes and chemical characteristics could be further utilized in the food fermentation industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hang Chen
- Department of Public Health Laboratory Sciences, West China School of Public Health and Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 61000, China
| | - Xue-Wei Liu
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control & Prevention, Shanghai 200336, China
| | - Jia-Ling Huang
- Department of Public Health Laboratory Sciences, West China School of Public Health and Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 61000, China
| | - Saira Baloch
- Department of Public Health Laboratory Sciences, West China School of Public Health and Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 61000, China
| | - Xin Xu
- Department of Public Health Laboratory Sciences, West China School of Public Health and Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 61000, China
| | - Xiao-Fang Pei
- Department of Public Health Laboratory Sciences, West China School of Public Health and Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 61000, China.
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33
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De Pasquale I, Di Cagno R, Buchin S, De Angelis M, Gobbetti M. Use of autochthonous mesophilic lactic acid bacteria as starter cultures for making Pecorino Crotonese cheese: Effect on compositional, microbiological and biochemical attributes. Food Res Int 2018; 116:1344-1356. [PMID: 30716924 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The use of selected autochthonous mesophilic lactic acid bacteria as starter cultures was investigated according to the traditional protocol for making Pecorino Crotonose (PC). Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. mesenteroides 2A, Lactobacillus casei 23C and Lactobacillus plantarum 18C (Autochthonous Starter, AS1) and Leuc. mesenteroides subsp. mesenteroides 2A, and L. casei 25D and 16A (AS2) were isolated and identified from aged ewes' milk PC cheeses, selected based on several enzymatic activities, and used as starter cultures. As shown by the in vitro kinetic of acidification, selected starter cultures had suitable capabilities to acidify. The manufacture of PC cheeses was carried out at an industrial plant scale. A control cheese (CC) was also made, using commercial starters consisting of mesophilic and thermophilic species. Ripening lasted 105 days at 10 °C. A poly-phasic approach was used to compare cheeses during manufacture and ripening, mainly based on pyrosequencing of the 16S rRNA targeting DNA, proteolysis and volatile component analyses. Compared to CC, both autochthonous starter cultures slightly affected the gross chemical composition of PC cheese. The cell density of thermophilic starters of CC progressively decreased throughout ripening. Plate count and RAPD-PCR showed that the cell number of autochthonous lactobacilli cultures of PC cheeses, made with AS1 and AS2, was almost constant throughout ripening and abundantly higher than that observed in CC. As shown by culture-independent analysis, the OTUs found during ripening varied depending on the manufacture with or without autochthonous starter cultures. The major chemical differences among cheeses were the concentration of free amino acids and the synthesis of some key volatile components (e.g., 2-methyl-1-propanol, 2-methyl-1-butanol, isobutyric, isovaleric, and isocaproic acids). Compared to CC, the use of AS1 positively affected the overall cheese quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria De Pasquale
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari 70126, Italy
| | - Raffaella Di Cagno
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Libera Università di Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy.
| | - Solange Buchin
- Technologie et Analyses Laitières, INRA, Poligny UR 342, France
| | - Maria De Angelis
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari 70126, Italy
| | - Marco Gobbetti
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Libera Università di Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
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34
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Zheng X, Liu F, Li K, Shi X, Ni Y, Li B, Zhuge B. Evaluating the microbial ecology and metabolite profile in Kazak artisanal cheeses from Xinjiang, China. Food Res Int 2018; 111:130-136. [PMID: 30007669 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2017] [Revised: 04/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Kazak artisanal cheese is one of the famous fermented food in Uighur Autonomy Region of Xinjiang, China. However, the microbial ecology in Kazak artisanal cheeses across different regions is unclear. In this study, we determined the microbial community composition through amplicon sequencing and measured the flavor profile of 10 cheese samples from different regions of Xinjiang. The associations between microbial communities, flavors and environmental factors were examined by redundancy analysis and Monte Carlo permutation test. Cheeses from different regions had different microbial communities, which was mainly reflected in the relative abundance of Lactobacillus, Streptococcus, Issatchenkia, Debaryomyces and Kluyveromyces. In addition, Pichia and Torulaspora were also the key microbial groups, according to the high relative abundance and large co-occurrence incidence in the correlation network. Using the microbe-metabolites correlation analysis, the major flavor-producing taxa were identified as Kluyveromyces, Anoxybacillus, Torulaspora, Lactobacillus, Streptococcus and Dipodascus. Environmental factors accounted for the majority of the microbial community variations, 88.54% for bacteria and 75.71% for fungi. Compared to physico-chemical factors (temperature, moisture, and pH), geographical factors (longitude, latitude and elevation) had a stronger effect on microbial communities in cheese samples from different regions of Xinjiang.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoji Zheng
- School of Food Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang Uighur Autonomy Region 832003, China; The Key Lab of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Research Centre of Industrial Microorganisms, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, China.
| | - Fei Liu
- School of Food Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang Uighur Autonomy Region 832003, China
| | - Kaixiong Li
- School of Food Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang Uighur Autonomy Region 832003, China
| | - Xuewei Shi
- School of Food Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang Uighur Autonomy Region 832003, China
| | - Yongqing Ni
- School of Food Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang Uighur Autonomy Region 832003, China
| | - Baokun Li
- School of Food Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang Uighur Autonomy Region 832003, China
| | - Bin Zhuge
- The Key Lab of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Research Centre of Industrial Microorganisms, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, China.
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35
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Ribani A, Schiavo G, Utzeri VJ, Bertolini F, Geraci C, Bovo S, Fontanesi L. Application of next generation semiconductor based sequencing for species identification in dairy products. Food Chem 2018; 246:90-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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36
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De Filippis F, Parente E, Ercolini D. Recent Past, Present, and Future of the Food Microbiome. Annu Rev Food Sci Technol 2018; 9:589-608. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-food-030117-012312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca De Filippis
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy
- Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Eugenio Parente
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Danilo Ercolini
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy
- Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
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37
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Zheng X, Liu F, Shi X, Wang B, Li K, Li B, Zhuge B. Dynamic correlations between microbiota succession and flavor development involved in the ripening of Kazak artisanal cheese. Food Res Int 2018; 105:733-742. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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38
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Zheng X, Li K, Shi X, Ni Y, Li B, Zhuge B. Potential characterization of yeasts isolated from Kazak artisanal cheese to produce flavoring compounds. Microbiologyopen 2017; 7. [PMID: 29277964 PMCID: PMC5822340 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cheese is a typical handcrafted fermented food in Kazak minority from the Uighur Autonomy Region in China and Central Asia. Among the microbial community that is responsible for Kazak cheese fermentation, yeasts play important role in flavor formation during ripening. To develop ripening cultures, we isolated 123 yeasts from 25 cheese products in Kazak, and identified 87 isolates by the D1/D2 domain of the large subunit rRNA gene sequence. Pichia kudriavzevii was the dominant yeast in Kazak cheese, followed by Kluyveromyces marxianus and Kluyveromyces lactis. Of these, the ability to exhibit enzyme of dominant isolates and contribution to the typical flavor of cheeses was assessed. Enzyme producing yeast strains were inoculated in Hazak cheese‐like medium and volatile compounds were identified by head space solid phase micro extraction coupled to gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy. Pichia kudriavzevii N‐X displayed the strongest extracellular proteolytic and activity on skim milk agar and produced a range of aroma compounds (ethanol, ethyl acetate, 3‐methylbutanol, and acetic acid) for Kazak cheese flavor, could be explored as ripening cultures in commercial production of Kazak cheeses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoji Zheng
- The Key Lab of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Research Centre of Industrial Microorganisms, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China.,College of Food Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang Uighur Autonomy Region, China
| | - Kaixiong Li
- College of Food Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang Uighur Autonomy Region, China
| | - Xuewei Shi
- College of Food Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang Uighur Autonomy Region, China
| | - Yongqing Ni
- College of Food Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang Uighur Autonomy Region, China
| | - Baokun Li
- College of Food Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang Uighur Autonomy Region, China
| | - Bin Zhuge
- The Key Lab of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Research Centre of Industrial Microorganisms, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
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39
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Silvetti T, Capra E, Morandi S, Cremonesi P, Decimo M, Gavazzi F, Giannico R, De Noni I, Brasca M. Microbial population profile during ripening of Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) Silter cheese, produced with and without autochthonous starter culture. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2017.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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40
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Chen G, Chen C, Lei Z. Meta-omics insights in the microbial community profiling and functional characterization of fermented foods. Trends Food Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2017.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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41
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Bacillus licheniformis affects the microbial community and metabolic profile in the spontaneous fermentation of Daqu starter for Chinese liquor making. Int J Food Microbiol 2017; 250:59-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2017.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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42
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Giello M, La Storia A, Masucci F, Di Francia A, Ercolini D, Villani F. Dynamics of bacterial communities during manufacture and ripening of traditional Caciocavallo of Castelfranco cheese in relation to cows' feeding. Food Microbiol 2017; 63:170-177. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2016.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Revised: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/20/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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43
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Walsh AM, Crispie F, Claesson MJ, Cotter PD. Translating Omics to Food Microbiology. Annu Rev Food Sci Technol 2017; 8:113-134. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-food-030216-025729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron M. Walsh
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Fiona Crispie
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Cork, Ireland
| | - Marcus J. Claesson
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Paul D. Cotter
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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44
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Succi M, Aponte M, Tremonte P, Niro S, Sorrentino E, Iorizzo M, Tipaldi L, Pannella G, Panfili G, Fratianni A, Coppola R. Variability in chemical and microbiological profiles of long-ripened Caciocavallo cheeses. J Dairy Sci 2016; 99:9521-9533. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2016-11585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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45
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De Filippis F, Parente E, Ercolini D. Metagenomics insights into food fermentations. Microb Biotechnol 2016; 10:91-102. [PMID: 27709807 PMCID: PMC5270737 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.12421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This review describes the recent advances in the study of food microbial ecology, with a focus on food fermentations. High‐throughput sequencing (HTS) technologies have been widely applied to the study of food microbial consortia and the different applications of HTS technologies were exploited in order to monitor microbial dynamics in food fermentative processes. Phylobiomics was the most explored application in the past decade. Metagenomics and metatranscriptomics, although still underexploited, promise to uncover the functionality of complex microbial consortia. The new knowledge acquired will help to understand how to make a profitable use of microbial genetic resources and modulate key activities of beneficial microbes in order to ensure process efficiency, product quality and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca De Filippis
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Eugenio Parente
- Dipartimento di Scienze, Università degli Studi della Basilicata, Potenza, Italy
| | - Danilo Ercolini
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
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46
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Lo R, Turner MS, Weeks M, Bansal N. Culture-independent bacterial community profiling of carbon dioxide treated raw milk. Int J Food Microbiol 2016; 233:81-89. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2016.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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47
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Pega J, Rizzo S, Pérez C, Rossetti L, Díaz G, Ruzal S, Nanni M, Descalzo A. Effect of the addition of phytosterols and tocopherols on Streptococcus thermophilus robustness during industrial manufacture and ripening of a functional cheese as evaluated by qPCR and RT-qPCR. Int J Food Microbiol 2016; 232:117-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2016.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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48
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Sattin E, Andreani NA, Carraro L, Lucchini R, Fasolato L, Telatin A, Balzan S, Novelli E, Simionati B, Cardazzo B. A Multi-Omics Approach to Evaluate the Quality of Milk Whey Used in Ricotta Cheese Production. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1272. [PMID: 27582735 PMCID: PMC4987355 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In the past, milk whey was only a by-product of cheese production, but currently, it has a high commercial value for use in the food industries. However, the regulation of whey management (i.e., storage and hygienic properties) has not been updated, and as a consequence, its microbiological quality is very challenging for food safety. The Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) technique was applied to several whey samples used for Ricotta production to evaluate the microbial community composition in depth using both RNA and DNA as templates for NGS library construction. Whey samples demonstrating a high microbial and aerobic spore load contained mostly Firmicutes; although variable, some samples contained a relevant amount of Gammaproteobacteria. Several lots of whey acquired as raw material for Ricotta production presented defective organoleptic properties. To define the volatile compounds in normal and defective whey samples, a headspace gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis was conducted. The statistical analysis demonstrated that different microbial communities resulted from DNA or cDNA library sequencing, and distinguishable microbiota composed the communities contained in the organoleptic-defective whey samples.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nadia A Andreani
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova Padova, Italy
| | - Lisa Carraro
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova Padova, Italy
| | - Rosaria Lucchini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie Padova, Italy
| | - Luca Fasolato
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova Padova, Italy
| | | | - Stefania Balzan
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova Padova, Italy
| | - Enrico Novelli
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova Padova, Italy
| | | | - Barbara Cardazzo
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova Padova, Italy
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49
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De Pasquale I, Di Cagno R, Buchin S, De Angelis M, Gobbetti M. Spatial Distribution of the Metabolically Active Microbiota within Italian PDO Ewes' Milk Cheeses. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0153213. [PMID: 27073835 PMCID: PMC4830609 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Italian PDO (Protected Designation of Origin) Fiore Sardo (FS), Pecorino Siciliano (PS) and Pecorino Toscano (PT) ewes' milk cheeses were chosen as hard cheese model systems to investigate the spatial distribution of the metabolically active microbiota and the related effects on proteolysis and synthesis of volatile components (VOC). Cheese slices were divided in nine sub-blocks, each one separately subjected to analysis and compared to whole cheese slice (control). Gradients for moisture, and concentrations of salt, fat and protein distinguished sub-blocks, while the cell density of the main microbial groups did not differ. Secondary proteolysis differed between sub-blocks of each cheese, especially when the number and area of hydrophilic and hydrophobic peptide peaks were assessed. The concentration of free amino acids (FAA) agreed with these data. As determined through Purge and Trap (PT) coupled with Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (PT-GC/MS), and regardless of the cheese variety, the profile with the lowest level of VOC was restricted to the region identified by the letter E defined as core. As shown through pyrosequencing of the 16S rRNA targeting RNA, the spatial distribution of the metabolically active microbiota agreed with the VOC distribution. Differences were highlighted between core and the rest of the cheese. Top and bottom under rind sub-blocks of all three cheeses harbored the widest biodiversity. The cheese sub-block analysis revealed the presence of a microbiota statistically correlated with secondary proteolysis events and/or synthesis of VOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria De Pasquale
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Raffaella Di Cagno
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Solange Buchin
- INRA, UR 342, Technologie et Analyses Laitières, Poligny, France
| | - Maria De Angelis
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Marco Gobbetti
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
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50
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Calasso M, Ercolini D, Mancini L, Stellato G, Minervini F, Di Cagno R, De Angelis M, Gobbetti M. Relationships among house, rind and core microbiotas during manufacture of traditional Italian cheeses at the same dairy plant. Food Microbiol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2015.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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