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Pacholewicz E, Dame-Korevaar A, van der Most M, Ellen H, Bokma MH, Koene MGJ. Campylobacter presence on Dutch broiler farms and associated risk factors. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103568. [PMID: 38447312 PMCID: PMC11067780 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter is the most reported zoonotic pathogen in humans in the European Union. Poultry is a major source of human infection with Campylobacter. Although many studies are done on the presence of Campylobacter in broilers and theoretically effective control measures are known, their relative importance at broiler farms remains poorly understood. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the presence of Campylobacter on selected broiler farms in the Netherlands, to determine the moment of introduction, and associated risk factors. A longitudinal study on 25 broiler farms was carried out between June 2017 and December 2020. Fecal samples were collected weekly from 43 broiler houses. In total 497 flocks were sampled. Putative variables on flock and farm characteristics for a risk factor analysis were gathered through questionnaires. Risk factors associated with the presence of Campylobacter in a broiler flock were determined using regression models. In total 30% of the flocks included in the study were positive for Campylobacter. Factors associated with presence of Campylobacter at slaughter age included: season, mowing lawns and presence of agricultural side activities. While summer/autumn and mowing lawns were associated with an increase in Campylobacter presence in flocks, the farmer having agricultural side activities other than poultry production was associated with a decrease. Analysis of the age at which flocks first tested Campylobacter positive revealed that slower growing breeds became positive on average 1 wk later compared to regular growers. This study revealed a delayed introduction of Campylobacter in slower grower vs. regular grower broiler flocks reared indoors. In addition, it confirmed importance of season as major risk factor. The relevance of mowing and preceding positive flocks as risk factors needs further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Pacholewicz
- Department of Epidemiology, Bioinformatics and Animal models, Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, 8221 RA Lelystad, The Netherlands.
| | - Anita Dame-Korevaar
- Department of Epidemiology, Bioinformatics and Animal models, Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, 8221 RA Lelystad, The Netherlands
| | - Marleen van der Most
- Department of Bacteriology, Host Pathogen Interaction & Diagnostics Development, Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, 8221 RA Lelystad, The Netherlands
| | - Hilko Ellen
- Wageningen Livestock Research, 6708, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Martien H Bokma
- Wageningen Livestock Research, 6708, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Miriam G J Koene
- Department of Bacteriology, Host Pathogen Interaction & Diagnostics Development, Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, 8221 RA Lelystad, The Netherlands
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2
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Poudel S, Jia L, Arick MA, Hsu CY, Thrash A, Sukumaran AT, Adhikari P, Kiess AS, Zhang L. In silico prediction and expression analysis of vaccine candidate genes of Campylobacter jejuni. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102592. [PMID: 36972674 PMCID: PMC10066559 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni) is the most common food-borne pathogen that causes human gastroenteritis in the United States. Consumption of contaminated poultry products is considered as the major source of human Campylobacter infection. An effective vaccine would be a promising alternative to antibiotic supplements to curb C. jejuni colonization in poultry gastrointestinal (GI) tract. However, the genetic diversity among the C. jejuni isolates makes vaccine production more challenging. Despite many attempts, an effective Campylobacter vaccine is not yet available. This study aimed to identify suitable candidates to develop a subunit vaccine against C. jejuni, which could reduce colonization in the GI tract of the poultry. In the current study, 4 C. jejuni strains were isolated from retail chicken meat and poultry litter samples and their genomes were sequenced utilizing next-generation sequencing technology. The genomic sequences of C. jejuni strains were screened to identify potential antigens utilizing the reverse vaccinology approach. In silico genome analysis predicted 3 conserved potential vaccine candidates (phospholipase A [PldA], TonB dependent vitamin B12 transporter [BtuB], and cytolethal distending toxin subunit B [CdtB]) suitable for the development of a vaccine. Furthermore, the expression of predicted genes during host-pathogen interaction was analyzed by an infection study using an avian macrophage-like immortalized cell line (HD11). The HD11 was infected with C. jejuni strains, and the RT-qPCR assay was performed to determine the expression of the predicted genes. The expression difference was analyzed using ΔΔCt methods. The results indicate that all 3 predicted genes, PldA, BtuB, and CdtB, were upregulated in 4 tested C. jejuni strains irrespective of their sources of isolation. In conclusion, in silico prediction and gene expression analysis during host-pathogen interactions identified 3 potential vaccine candidates for C. jejuni.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabin Poudel
- Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
| | - Linan Jia
- Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
| | - Mark A Arick
- Institute for Genomics, Biocomputing, and Biotechnology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
| | - Chuan-Yu Hsu
- Institute for Genomics, Biocomputing, and Biotechnology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
| | - Adam Thrash
- Institute for Genomics, Biocomputing, and Biotechnology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
| | - Anuraj T Sukumaran
- Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
| | - Pratima Adhikari
- Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
| | - Aaron S Kiess
- Prestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA.
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Lynch H, Franklin-Hayes P, Koolman L, Egan J, Gutierrez M, Byrne W, Golden O, Bolton D, Reid P, Coffey A, Lucey B, O'Connor L, Unger K, Whyte P. Prevalence and levels of Campylobacter in broiler chicken batches and carcasses in Ireland in 2017-2018. Int J Food Microbiol 2022; 372:109693. [PMID: 35490507 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2022.109693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
In 2008, an EU wide baseline survey of broilers revealed a high Campylobacter prevalence. To assist with industry-wide controls, updated data were required. The primary objective of this study was to establish up-to-date data on Campylobacter carriage and carcass contamination in Irish broilers. Monthly samples were collected from the three largest broiler processing plants in Ireland over a twelve-month period. Samples were taken from both first and final thin birds (partial and full depopulation) from 358 batches of broilers. From each batch, a composite sample of 10 caecal contents (n = 358) and 5 neck skins (n = 1790) were collected and numbers of Campylobacter in each sample were determined. Of the 1790 neck skin samples tested, 53% were Campylobacter positive. Campylobacter was detected in the caecal contents of 66% of all batches tested. Depopulation and/or age had a significant effect on Campylobacter prevalence with 67% of final thin broilers yielding Campylobacter-positive neck skin samples in contrast to 38% of first thin broilers that yielded positive neck skin samples (P ≤ 0.002). A significant seasonal variation was observed in the rate of Campylobacter-positive caecal samples with higher prevalence seen in July (85%) than the colder months of November (61%), December (50%), January (61%) March (57%) and April (59%). Neck skin samples were 7 times more likely to be Campylobacter positive if the caecal contents from the same batch were positive (odds ratio = 7.1; P ≤ 0.0001). The decrease in Campylobacter prevalence observed in neck skin and caecal contents demonstrates the improvements and progress made in reducing prevalences of this important enteropathogen in the Irish poultry industry since the 2008 EU baseline survey. It also provides further supporting data on the impact of thinning, the processing environment and season on Campylobacter prevalence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Lynch
- UCD School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland; National Reference Laboratory Campylobacter, Backweston Campus, Celbridge, Ireland.
| | - Peter Franklin-Hayes
- UCD School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | | | - John Egan
- National Reference Laboratory Campylobacter, Backweston Campus, Celbridge, Ireland
| | - Montserrat Gutierrez
- National Reference Laboratory Campylobacter, Backweston Campus, Celbridge, Ireland
| | - William Byrne
- National Reference Laboratory Campylobacter, Backweston Campus, Celbridge, Ireland
| | - Olwen Golden
- National Reference Laboratory Campylobacter, Backweston Campus, Celbridge, Ireland
| | - Declan Bolton
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Ashtown, Dublin 15, Ireland
| | - Paula Reid
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Ashtown, Dublin 15, Ireland
| | - Aidan Coffey
- Department of Biological Sciences, Munster Technological University, Cork, Ireland
| | - Brigid Lucey
- Department of Biological Sciences, Munster Technological University, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Kilian Unger
- Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine, Kildare St, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Paul Whyte
- UCD School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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4
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Elmi A, Nasher F, Dorrell N, Wren B, Gundogdu O. Revisiting Campylobacter jejuni Virulence and Fitness Factors: Role in Sensing, Adapting, and Competing. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 10:607704. [PMID: 33614526 PMCID: PMC7887314 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.607704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is the leading cause of bacterial foodborne gastroenteritis world wide and represents a major public health concern. Over the past two decades, significant progress in functional genomics, proteomics, enzymatic-based virulence profiling (EBVP), and the cellular biology of C. jejuni have improved our basic understanding of this important pathogen. We review key advances in our understanding of the multitude of emerging virulence factors that influence the outcome of C. jejuni–mediated infections. We highlight, the spatial and temporal dynamics of factors that promote C. jejuni to sense, adapt and survive in multiple hosts. Finally, we propose cohesive research directions to obtain a comprehensive understanding of C. jejuni virulence mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdi Elmi
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Fauzy Nasher
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nick Dorrell
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Brendan Wren
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ozan Gundogdu
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
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5
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Hakeem MJ, Lu X. Survival and Control of Campylobacter in Poultry Production Environment. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 10:615049. [PMID: 33585282 PMCID: PMC7879573 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.615049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter species are Gram-negative, motile, and non-spore-forming bacteria with a unique helical shape that changes to filamentous or coccoid as an adaptive response to environmental stresses. The relatively small genome (1.6 Mbp) of Campylobacter with unique cellular and molecular physiology is only understood to a limited extent. The overall strict requirement of this fastidious microorganism to be either isolated or cultivated in the laboratory settings make itself to appear as a weak survivor and/or an easy target to be inactivated in the surrounding environment of poultry farms, such as soil, water source, dust, surfaces and air. The survival of this obligate microaerobic bacterium from poultry farms to slaughterhouses and the final poultry products indicates that Campylobacter has several adaptive responses and/or environmental niches throughout the poultry production chain. Many of these adaptive responses remain puzzles. No single control method is yet known to fully address Campylobacter contamination in the poultry industry and new intervention strategies are required. The aim of this review article is to discuss the transmission, survival, and adaptation of Campylobacter species in the poultry production environments. Some approved and novel control methods against Campylobacter species throughout the poultry production chain will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed J Hakeem
- Food, Nutrition and Health Program, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Xiaonan Lu
- Food, Nutrition and Health Program, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Ste Anne de Bellevue, QC, Canada
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6
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Quantitative trait loci and transcriptome signatures associated with avian heritable resistance to Campylobacter. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1623. [PMID: 33436657 PMCID: PMC7804197 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79005-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter is the leading cause of bacterial foodborne gastroenteritis worldwide. Handling or consumption of contaminated poultry meat is a key risk factor for human campylobacteriosis. One potential control strategy is to select poultry with increased resistance to Campylobacter. We associated high-density genome-wide genotypes (600K single nucleotide polymorphisms) of 3000 commercial broilers with Campylobacter load in their caeca. Trait heritability was modest but significant (h2 = 0.11 ± 0.03). Results confirmed quantitative trait loci (QTL) on chromosomes 14 and 16 previously identified in inbred chicken lines, and detected two additional QTLs on chromosomes 19 and 26. RNA-Seq analysis of broilers at the extremes of colonisation phenotype identified differentially transcribed genes within the QTL on chromosome 16 and proximal to the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) locus. We identified strong cis-QTLs located within MHC suggesting the presence of cis-acting variation in MHC class I and II and BG genes. Pathway and network analyses implicated cooperative functional pathways and networks in colonisation, including those related to antigen presentation, innate and adaptive immune responses, calcium, and renin–angiotensin signalling. While co-selection for enhanced resistance and other breeding goals is feasible, the frequency of resistance-associated alleles was high in the population studied and non-genetic factors significantly influenced Campylobacter colonisation.
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7
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Robé C, Daehre K, Merle R, Friese A, Guenther S, Roesler U. Impact of different management measures on the colonization of broiler chickens with ESBL- and pAmpC- producing Escherichia coli in an experimental seeder-bird model. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0245224. [PMID: 33411808 PMCID: PMC7790425 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0245224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The colonization of broilers with extended-spectrum β-lactamase- (ESBL-) and plasmid-mediated AmpC β-lactamase- (pAmpC-) producing Enterobacteriaceae has been extensively studied. However, only limited data on intervention strategies to reduce the colonization throughout the fattening period are available. To investigate practically relevant management measures for their potential to reduce colonization, a recently published seeder-bird colonization model was used. Groups of 90 broilers (breed Ross 308) were housed in pens under conventional conditions (stocking of 39 kg/m2, no enrichment, water and feed ad libitum). Tested measures were investigated in separate trials and included (I) an increased amount of litter in the pen, (II) the reduction of stocking density to 25 kg/m2, and (III) the use of an alternative broiler breed (Rowan x Ranger). One-fifth of ESBL- and pAmpC- negative broilers (n = 18) per group were orally co-inoculated with two E. coli strains on the third day of the trial (seeder). One CTX-M-15-positive E. coli strain (ST410) and one CMY-2 and mcr-1-positive E. coli strain (ST10) were simultaneously administered in a dosage of 102 cfu. Colonization of all seeders and 28 non-inoculated broilers (sentinel) was assessed via cloacal swabs during the trials and a final necropsy at a target weight of two kilograms (= d 36 (control, I-II), d 47 (III)). None of the applied intervention measures reduced the colonization of the broilers with both the ESBL- and the pAmpC- producing E. coli strains. A strain-dependent reduction of colonization for the ESBL- producing E. coli strain of ST410 by 2 log units was apparent by the reduction of stocking density to 25 kg/m2. Consequently, the tested management measures had a negligible effect on the ESBL- and pAmpC- colonization of broilers. Therefore, intervention strategies should focus on the prevention of ESBL- and pAmpC- colonization, rather than an attempt to reduce an already existing colonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Robé
- Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- * E-mail: ,
| | - Katrin Daehre
- Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Roswitha Merle
- Institute for Veterinary Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anika Friese
- Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Guenther
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology, Universität Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Uwe Roesler
- Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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8
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Kreling V, Falcone FH, Kehrenberg C, Hensel A. Campylobacter sp.: Pathogenicity factors and prevention methods-new molecular targets for innovative antivirulence drugs? Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:10409-10436. [PMID: 33185702 PMCID: PMC7662028 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10974-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Infections caused by bacterial species from the genus Campylobacter are one of the four main causes of strong diarrheal enteritis worldwide. Campylobacteriosis, a typical food-borne disease, can range from mild symptoms to fatal illness. About 550 million people worldwide suffer from campylobacteriosis and lethality is about 33 million p.a. This review summarizes the state of the current knowledge on Campylobacter with focus on its specific virulence factors. Using this knowledge, multifactorial prevention strategies can be implemented to reduce the prevalence of Campylobacter in the food chain. In particular, antiadhesive strategies with specific adhesion inhibitors seem to be a promising concept for reducing Campylobacter bacterial load in poultry production. Antivirulence compounds against bacterial adhesion to and/or invasion into the host cells can open new fields for innovative antibacterial agents. Influencing chemotaxis, biofilm formation, quorum sensing, secretion systems, or toxins by specific inhibitors can help to reduce virulence of the bacterium. In addition, the unusual glycosylation of the bacterium, being a prerequisite for effective phase variation and adaption to different hosts, is yet an unexplored target for combating Campylobacter sp. Plant extracts are widely used remedies in developing countries to combat infections with Campylobacter. Therefore, the present review summarizes the use of natural products against the bacterium in an attempt to stimulate innovative research concepts on the manifold still open questions behind Campylobacter towards improved treatment and sanitation of animal vectors, treatment of infected patients, and new strategies for prevention. KEY POINTS: • Campylobacter sp. is a main cause of strong enteritis worldwide. • Main virulence factors: cytolethal distending toxin, adhesion proteins, invasion machinery. • Strong need for development of antivirulence compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Kreling
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Phytochemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 48, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Franco H Falcone
- Institute of Parasitology, University of Gießen, Schubertstraße 81, 35392, Gießen, Germany
| | - Corinna Kehrenberg
- Institute of Veterinary Food Science, University of Gießen, Frankfurterstraße 81, 35392, Gießen, Germany
| | - Andreas Hensel
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Phytochemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 48, 48149, Münster, Germany.
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9
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Kasjanenko S, Kasjanenko O, Nagornaya L, Yevstafieva V, Melnychuk V, Lukyanova G, Gurenko I. Yeast-rich mannan fractions in duck cultivation: prospects of using. FOODS AND RAW MATERIALS 2020. [DOI: 10.21603/2308-4057-2020-2-337-347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction. Due to the trend of avoiding antibiotics and acquiring eco-friendly products, the use of environmentally safe preparations is becoming increasingly relevant in poultry farming.
Study objects and methods. We used Salmonella enteritidis and Campylobacter jejuni isolated from poultry carcasses. At the first in vitro stage, we studied the ability of mannan oligosaccharides, isolated from the cell walls of Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast, to adsorb bacterial pathogens. At the second stage, we studied the influence of fraction on the activity, colonization and microflora composition of ducklings’ intestines. At the third stage, we determined the antagonistic activity of Bifidobacterium spp. (Bifidobacterium lactis, Bifidobacterium longum, Bifidobacterium bifidum) and Lactobacillus spp. (Lactobacillus fermentun, Lactobacillus salivarius, Lactobacillus acidophilus) against Salmonella enteritidis and Campylobacter jejuni isolates. The experiment was conducted on the ducklings of Star 53 H.Y. cross. Their diet was supplemented with probiotics, prebiotics, and their combination.
Results and discussion. In vitro studies showed the ability of mannan oligosaccharides isolated from the cell walls of Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast to adsorb Salmonella enteritidis and Campylobacter jejun. In vivo experiment showed the ability of mannan oligosaccharides to prevent colonization of poultry intestines by bacterial pathogens with type I fimbriae.
Conclusion. The reisolation rate of ducks infected with Salmonella enteritidis was 53.6% lower, and those infected with Campylobacter jejuni, 66.2% lower than the control. Mannan oligosaccharides added to the diet did not affect the concentration of lactobacilli, enterococci, and anaerobic bacteria in the ducks’ intestines. A combined use of Bifidobacterium spp. and mannan oligosaccharides improved the preservation of poultry stock by 8.7%, which made it an effective way to prevent poultry salmonellosis.
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10
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Mehat JW, La Ragione RM, van Vliet AHM. Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli autotransporter genes exhibit lineage-associated distribution and decay. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:314. [PMID: 32306949 PMCID: PMC7168839 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-6704-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli are major global causes of bacterial gastroenteritis. Whilst several individual colonisation and virulence factors have been identified, our understanding of their role in the transmission, pathogenesis and ecology of Campylobacter has been hampered by the genotypic and phenotypic diversity within C. jejuni and C. coli. Autotransporter proteins are a family of outer membrane or secreted proteins in Gram-negative bacteria such as Campylobacter, which are associated with virulence functions. In this study we have examined the distribution and predicted functionality of the previously described capC and the newly identified, related capD autotransporter gene families in Campylobacter. Results Two capC-like autotransporter families, designated capC and capD, were identified by homology searches of genomes of the genus Campylobacter. Each family contained four distinct orthologs of CapC and CapD. The distribution of these autotransporter genes was determined in 5829 C. jejuni and 1347 C. coli genomes. Autotransporter genes were found as intact, complete copies and inactive formats due to premature stop codons and frameshift mutations. Presence of inactive and intact autotransporter genes was associated with C. jejuni and C. coli multi-locus sequence types, but for capC, inactivation was independent from the length of homopolymeric tracts in the region upstream of the capC gene. Inactivation of capC or capD genes appears to represent lineage-specific gene decay of autotransporter genes. Intact capC genes were predominantly associated with the C. jejuni ST-45 and C. coli ST-828 generalist lineages. The capD3 gene was only found in the environmental C. coli Clade 3 lineage. These combined data support a scenario of inter-lineage and interspecies exchange of capC and subsets of capD autotransporters. Conclusions In this study we have identified two novel, related autotransporter gene families in the genus Campylobacter, which are not uniformly present and exhibit lineage-specific associations and gene decay. The distribution and decay of the capC and capD genes exemplifies the erosion of species barriers between certain lineages of C. jejuni and C. coli, probably arising through co-habitation. This may have implications for the phenotypic variability of these two pathogens and provide opportunity for new, hybrid genotypes to emerge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jai W Mehat
- Department of Pathology and Infectious Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK.
| | - Roberto M La Ragione
- Department of Pathology and Infectious Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Arnoud H M van Vliet
- Department of Pathology and Infectious Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK.
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11
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Sevilla-Navarro S, Marin C, Cortés V, García C, Catalá-Gregori P. Campylobacter prevalence and risk factors associated with exceeding allowable limits in poultry slaughterhouses in Spain. Vet Rec 2020; 186:415. [PMID: 31980451 DOI: 10.1136/vr.105558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Campylobacter is the main pathogen involved in zoonotic gastrointestinal diseases. In 2018, European Regulation 2017/1495 on Campylobacter in broiler carcases came into force. In this context, the aim of the study was to assess the potential risk factors associated with exceeding the 1000 cfu/g (colony-forming units per gram) limit set by the EC in several slaughterhouses in Spain. METHODS Data relating to 12 factors were collected using questionnaires. Samples were collected from 12 Spanish abattoirs in June, July and August 2017 (n=1725) and were analysed following the ISO 10272-2:2006 method. RESULTS The proportion of Campylobacter-positive samples was 23.7 per cent (n=409). Analysis of flock age (41-50 days) revealed a significantly increased odds ratio (OR) in Campylobacter enumeration (OR=7.41). Moreover, scalding temperature (51.9°C-54°C) was positively associated with an increase in OR (OR=2.75). Time in transit to slaughter for 1-1.5 hours showed a significant decrease in OR (OR=0.25), while time in transit for more than two hours showed an increase in OR (OR=4.44). With regard to carcase weight, a weight of 3.21-3.58 kg showed a decrease in OR (OR=0.01). CONCLUSION The outcomes of this study suggest that although most chickens are contaminated by the bacterium, the prevalence of those exceeding the 1000 cfu/g limit is not so high as thought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Sevilla-Navarro
- Centro de Calidad Avícola y Alimentación Animal de la Comunidad Valenciana (CECAV), Calle Nules 16, 12539, Castellón, Spain .,Departamento de Producción y Sanidad Animal, Salud Pública Veterinaria y Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Avenida Seminario s/n, 46113, Moncada, Spain.,Instituto de Ciencia de Tecnología Animal, Universidad Politècnica de Valencia, Camí de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Clara Marin
- Departamento de Producción y Sanidad Animal, Salud Pública Veterinaria y Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Avenida Seminario s/n, 46113, Moncada, Spain
| | - Verónica Cortés
- Centro de Calidad Avícola y Alimentación Animal de la Comunidad Valenciana (CECAV), Calle Nules 16, 12539, Castellón, Spain
| | - Cristina García
- Centro de Calidad Avícola y Alimentación Animal de la Comunidad Valenciana (CECAV), Calle Nules 16, 12539, Castellón, Spain
| | - Pablo Catalá-Gregori
- Centro de Calidad Avícola y Alimentación Animal de la Comunidad Valenciana (CECAV), Calle Nules 16, 12539, Castellón, Spain.,Departamento de Producción y Sanidad Animal, Salud Pública Veterinaria y Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Avenida Seminario s/n, 46113, Moncada, Spain
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12
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Flaujac Lafontaine GM, Richards PJ, Connerton PL, O’Kane PM, Ghaffar NM, Cummings NJ, Fish NM, Connerton IF. Prebiotic Driven Increases in IL-17A Do Not Prevent Campylobacter jejuni Colonization of Chickens. Front Microbiol 2020; 10:3030. [PMID: 32010094 PMCID: PMC6972505 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.03030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Worldwide Campylobacter jejuni is a leading cause of foodborne disease. Contamination of chicken meat with digesta from C. jejuni-positive birds during slaughter and processing is a key route of transmission to humans through the food chain. Colonization of chickens with C. jejuni elicits host innate immune responses that may be modulated by dietary additives to provide a reduction in the number of campylobacters colonizing the gastrointestinal tract and thereby reduce the likelihood of human exposure to an infectious dose. Here we report the effects of prebiotic galacto-oligosaccharide (GOS) on broiler chickens colonized with C. jejuni when challenged at either an early stage in development at 6 days of age or 20 days old when campylobacters are frequently detected in commercial flocks. GOS-fed birds had increased growth performance, but the levels of C. jejuni colonizing the cecal pouches were unchanged irrespective of the age of challenge. Dietary GOS modulated the immune response to C. jejuni by increasing cytokine IL-17A expression at colonization. Correspondingly, reduced diversity of the cecal microbiota was associated with Campylobacter colonization in GOS-fed birds. In birds challenged at 6 days-old the reduction in microbial diversity was accompanied by an increase in the relative abundance of Escherichia spp. Whilst immuno-modulation of the Th17 pro-inflammatory response did not prevent C. jejuni colonization of the intestinal tract of broiler chickens, the study highlights the potential for combinations of prebiotics, and specific competitors (synbiotics) to engage with the host innate immunity to reduce pathogen burdens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geraldine M. Flaujac Lafontaine
- Division of Microbiology, Brewing and Biotechnology, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Philip J. Richards
- Division of Microbiology, Brewing and Biotechnology, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Phillippa L. Connerton
- Division of Microbiology, Brewing and Biotechnology, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Peter M. O’Kane
- Division of Microbiology, Brewing and Biotechnology, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Nacheervan M. Ghaffar
- Division of Microbiology, Brewing and Biotechnology, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola J. Cummings
- Division of Microbiology, Brewing and Biotechnology, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Neville M. Fish
- Saputo Dairy UK, Dairy Crest Innovation Centre, Harper Adams University, Newport, United Kingdom
| | - Ian F. Connerton
- Division of Microbiology, Brewing and Biotechnology, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, United Kingdom
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13
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RETRACTED ARTICLE: Campylobacter infections in poultry: update on challenges and potential immune interventions. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2019. [DOI: 10.1017/s0043933916000167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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14
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Campylobacter and Arcobacter species in food-producing animals: prevalence at primary production and during slaughter. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 35:146. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-019-2722-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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15
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Vizzini P, Braidot M, Vidic J, Manzano M. Electrochemical and Optical Biosensors for the Detection of Campylobacter and Listeria: An Update Look. MICROMACHINES 2019; 10:E500. [PMID: 31357655 PMCID: PMC6722628 DOI: 10.3390/mi10080500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Foodborne safety has aroused tremendous research interest in recent years because of a global public health problem. The rapid and precise detection of foodborne pathogens can reduce significantly infection diseases and save lives by the early initiation of an effective treatment. This review highlights current advances in the development of biosensors for detection of Campylobacter spp. and Listeria monocytogenes that are the most common causes of zoonosis. The consumption of pathogen contaminated food is responsible for humans hospitalization and death. The attention focused on the recognition elements such as antibodies (Ab), DNA probes and aptamers able to recognize cells, amplicons, and specific genes from different samples like bacteria, food, environment and clinical samples. Moreover, the review focused on two main signal-transducing mechanisms, i.e., electrochemical, measuring an amperometric, potentiometric and impedimetric signal; and optical, measuring a light signal by OLED (Organic Light Emitting Diode), SPR (Surface Plasmon Resonance), and Optical fiber. We expect that high-performance of devices being developed through basic research will find extensive applications in environmental monitoring, biomedical diagnostics, and food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Vizzini
- Department of Agriculture Food Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Matteo Braidot
- Department of Agriculture Food Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Jasmina Vidic
- Micalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78352 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Marisa Manzano
- Department of Agriculture Food Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy.
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16
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Richards PJ, Connerton PL, Connerton IF. Phage Biocontrol of Campylobacter jejuni in Chickens Does Not Produce Collateral Effects on the Gut Microbiota. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:476. [PMID: 30930877 PMCID: PMC6423408 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteriophage biocontrol to reduce Campylobacter jejuni levels in chickens can reduce human exposure and disease acquired through the consumption of contaminated poultry products. Investigating changes in the chicken microbiota during phage treatment has not previously been undertaken but is crucial to understanding the system-wide effects of such treatments to establish a sustainable application. A phage cocktail containing two virulent Campylobacter phages was used to treat broiler chickens colonized with C. jejuni HPC5. Campylobacter counts from cecal contents were significantly reduced throughout the experimental period but were most effective 2 days post-treatment showing a reduction of 2.4 log10 CFU g-1 relative to mock-treated Campylobacter colonized controls. The administered phages replicated in vivo to establish stable populations. Bacteriophage predation of C. jejuni was not found to affect the microbiota structure but selectively reduced the relative abundance of C. jejuni without affecting other bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ian F. Connerton
- Division of Food Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, United Kingdom
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17
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Bailey RA, Kranis A, Psifidi A, Watson KA, Rothwell L, Hocking PM, Kaiser P, Stevens MP, Avendano S. Colonization of a commercial broiler line by Campylobacter is under limited genetic control and does not significantly impair performance or intestinal health. Poult Sci 2018; 97:4167-4176. [PMID: 29982748 PMCID: PMC6305830 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter is the leading bacterial cause of foodborne diarrheal illness in humans and source attribution studies unequivocally identify handling or consumption of poultry meat as a key risk factor. Campylobacter colonizes the avian intestines in high numbers and rapidly spreads within flocks. A need therefore exists to devise strategies to reduce Campylobacter populations in poultry flocks. There has been a great deal of research aiming to understand the epidemiology and transmission characteristics of Campylobacter in poultry as a means to reduce carriage rates in poultry and reduce infection in humans. One potential strategy for control is the genetic selection of poultry for increased resistance to colonization by Campylobacter. The potential for genetic control of colonization has been demonstrated in inbred populations following experimental challenge with Campylobacter where quantitative trait loci associated with resistance have been identified. Currently in the literature there is no information of the genetic basis of Campylobacter colonization in commercial broiler lines and it is unknown whether these QTL are found in commercial broiler lines. The aim of this study was to estimate genetic parameters associated with Campylobacter load and genetic correlations with gut health and production traits following natural exposure of broiler chickens to Campylobacter.The results from the analysis show a low but significant heritability estimate (0.095 ± 0.037) for Campylobacter load which indicates a limited genetic basis and that non-genetic factors have a greater influence on the level of Campylobacter found in the broiler chicken.Furthermore, through examination of macroscopic intestinal health and absorptive capacity, our study indicated that Campylobacter has no detrimental effects on intestinal health and bird growth following natural exposure in the broiler line under study. These data indicate that whilst there is a genetic component to Campylobacter colonization worthy of further investigation, there is a large proportion of phenotypic variance under the influence of non-genetic effects. As such the control of Campylobacter will require understanding and manipulation of non-genetic host and environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Androniki Psifidi
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK
- Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hatfield AL9 7TA, UK
| | - Kellie A Watson
- Aviagen, Newbridge, Midlothian EH28 8SZ, UK
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Lisa Rothwell
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Paul M Hocking
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Pete Kaiser
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Mark P Stevens
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK
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18
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Swaggerty CL, Pevzner IY, He H, Genovese KJ, Kogut MH. Selection for pro-inflammatory mediators produces chickens more resistant to Campylobacter jejuni. Poult Sci 2018; 96:1623-1627. [PMID: 28339707 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pew465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter spp. are the second leading cause of bacterial-induced foodborne illnesses with an estimated economic burden of nearly $2B USD per year. Most human illness associated with campylobacteriosis is due to infection by C. jejuni and chickens are recognized as a reservoir that could lead to foodborne illness in humans resulting from handling or consuming raw or undercooked chicken. We recently developed a novel breeding strategy based on identification and selection of chickens with an inherently high and low phenotype of pro-inflammatory mediators including IL-6, CXCLi2, and CCLi2, hereafter referred to as the high and low lines, respectively. We have shown the high line chickens are more resistant to the foodborne and poultry pathogens Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis, Eimeria tenella, and Clostridium perfringens-induced necrotic enteritis compared to the low line. The objective of this study was to determine whether the same trend of enhanced resistance in the high line birds was observed for C. jejuni. Birds were challenged at 2 d of age by oral gavage (0.5 mL) with 5 × 106 colony forming units (cfu) of C. jejuni/mL, necropsied 4 d post challenge, and cecal content collected to determine if there was a difference in C. jejuni resistance between the high and low line chickens. There were fewer (P = 0.01) chickens from the high line (28/40 = 71.8%) that were colonized by C. jejuni compared to the low line (37/39 = 94.9%). The amount of C. jejuni recovered from the ceca of infected birds was quantified; however, no differences were observed (P = 0.10). Since the high line birds were also more resistant to C. jejuni, it provides additional validation of selection based on pro-inflammatory mediators producing a line of chickens with increased natural resistance against diverse foodborne and poultry pathogens. The poultry industry is moving towards reduced therapeutics and, as such, our breeding strategy would be a viable method to incorporate into traditional poultry breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- C L Swaggerty
- United States Department of Agriculture, ARS, 2881 F&B Rd., College Station, TX 77845
| | - I Y Pevzner
- Cobb-Vantress, Inc., 4703 U.S. Highway 412 East, Siloam Springs, AR 72761
| | - H He
- United States Department of Agriculture, ARS, 2881 F&B Rd., College Station, TX 77845
| | - K J Genovese
- United States Department of Agriculture, ARS, 2881 F&B Rd., College Station, TX 77845
| | - M H Kogut
- United States Department of Agriculture, ARS, 2881 F&B Rd., College Station, TX 77845
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19
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Connerton PL, Richards PJ, Lafontaine GM, O'Kane PM, Ghaffar N, Cummings NJ, Smith DL, Fish NM, Connerton IF. The effect of the timing of exposure to Campylobacter jejuni on the gut microbiome and inflammatory responses of broiler chickens. MICROBIOME 2018; 6:88. [PMID: 29753324 PMCID: PMC5948730 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-018-0477-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Campylobacters are an unwelcome member of the poultry gut microbiota in terms of food safety. The objective of this study was to compare the microbiota, inflammatory responses, and zootechnical parameters of broiler chickens not exposed to Campylobacter jejuni with those exposed either early at 6 days old or at the age commercial broiler chicken flocks are frequently observed to become colonized at 20 days old. RESULTS Birds infected with Campylobacter at 20 days became cecal colonized within 2 days of exposure, whereas birds infected at 6 days of age did not show complete colonization of the sample cohort until 9 days post-infection. All birds sampled thereafter were colonized until the end of the study at 35 days (mean 6.1 log10 CFU per g of cecal contents). The cecal microbiota of birds infected with Campylobacter were significantly different to age-matched non-infected controls at 2 days post-infection, but generally, the composition of the cecal microbiota were more affected by bird age as the time post infection increased. The effects of Campylobacter colonization on the cecal microbiota were associated with reductions in the relative abundance of OTUs within the taxonomic family Lactobacillaceae and the Clostridium cluster XIVa. Specific members of the Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae families exhibit transient shifts in microbial community populations dependent upon the age at which the birds become colonized by C. jejuni. Analysis of ileal and cecal chemokine/cytokine gene expression revealed increases in IL-6, IL-17A, and Il-17F consistent with a Th17 response, but the persistence of the response was dependent on the stage/time of C. jejuni colonization that coincide with significant reductions in the abundance of Clostridium cluster XIVa. CONCLUSIONS This study combines microbiome data, cytokine/chemokine gene expression with intestinal villus, and crypt measurements to compare chickens colonized early or late in the rearing cycle to provide insights into the process and outcomes of Campylobacter colonization. Early colonization results in a transient growth rate reduction and pro-inflammatory response but persistent modification of the cecal microbiota. Late colonization produces pro-inflammatory responses with changes in the cecal microbiota that will endure in market-ready chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillippa L Connerton
- Division of Food Sciences, School of Biosciences, Sutton Bonington Campus, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Philip J Richards
- Division of Food Sciences, School of Biosciences, Sutton Bonington Campus, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Geraldine M Lafontaine
- Division of Food Sciences, School of Biosciences, Sutton Bonington Campus, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Peter M O'Kane
- Division of Food Sciences, School of Biosciences, Sutton Bonington Campus, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Nacheervan Ghaffar
- Division of Food Sciences, School of Biosciences, Sutton Bonington Campus, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Nicola J Cummings
- Division of Food Sciences, School of Biosciences, Sutton Bonington Campus, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Darren L Smith
- Applied Sciences, University of Northumbria, Newcastle upon Tyne, Nothumbria, NE1 8ST, UK
| | - Neville M Fish
- Dairy Crest Ltd, Claygate House, Littleworth Road, Esher, Surrey, KT10 9PN, UK
| | - Ian F Connerton
- Division of Food Sciences, School of Biosciences, Sutton Bonington Campus, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, UK.
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20
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Khan JA, Rathore RS, Abulreesh HH, Qais FA, Ahmad I. Prevalence and Antibiotic Resistance Profiles ofCampylobacter jejuniIsolated from Poultry Meat and Related Samples at Retail Shops in Northern India. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2018; 15:218-225. [DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2017.2344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Javed Ahamad Khan
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University (AMU), Aligarh, India
- Division of Veterinary Public Health, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, Bareilly, India
| | - Ram Swaroop Rathore
- Division of Veterinary Public Health, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, Bareilly, India
| | - Hussein Hasan Abulreesh
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faizan Abul Qais
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University (AMU), Aligarh, India
| | - Iqbal Ahmad
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University (AMU), Aligarh, India
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21
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Premarathne JMKJK, Satharasinghe DA, Huat JTY, Basri DF, Rukayadi Y, Nakaguchi Y, Nishibuchi M, Radu S. Impact of human Campylobacter infections in Southeast Asia: The contribution of the poultry sector. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2018; 57:3971-3986. [PMID: 28001082 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2016.1266297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Campylobacter is globally recognized as a major cause of foodborne infection in humans, whilst the development of antimicrobial resistance and the possibility of repelling therapy increase the threat to public health. Poultry is the most frequent source of Campylobacter infection in humans, and southeast Asia is a global leader in poultry production, consumption, and exports. Though three of the world's top 20 most populated countries are located in southeast Asia, the true burden of Campylobacter infection in the region has not been fully elucidated. Based on published data, Campylobacter has been reported in humans, animals, and food commodities in the region. To our knowledge, this study is the first to review the status of human Campylobacter infection in southeast Asia and to discuss future perspectives. Gaining insight into the true burden of the infection and prevalence levels of Campylobacter spp. in the southeast Asian region is essential to ensuring global and regional food safety through facilitating improvements in surveillance systems, food safety regulations, and mitigation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayasekara Mudiyanselage Krishanthi Jayarukshi Kumari Premarathne
- a Food Safety Research Centre (FOSREC), Faculty of Food Science and Technology , University Putra Malaysia, UPM , Serdang , Malaysia.,b Department of Livestock and Avian Science , Wayamba University of Sri Lanka, Faculty of Livestock, Fisheries and Nutrition , Makandura , Gonawila , Sri Lanka
| | - Dilan Amila Satharasinghe
- c Institute of Bioscience , University Putra Malaysia , UPM , Serdang , Malaysia.,d Department of Basic Veterinary Science , University of Peradeniya, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science , Peradeniya , Sri Lanka
| | - John Tang Yew Huat
- e Faculty of Food Technology , Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin , Kuala Terengganu , Terengganu , Malaysia
| | - Dayang Fredalina Basri
- f School of Diagnostic and Applied Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences , Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia , Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
| | - Yaya Rukayadi
- a Food Safety Research Centre (FOSREC), Faculty of Food Science and Technology , University Putra Malaysia, UPM , Serdang , Malaysia
| | - Yoshitsugu Nakaguchi
- g Center for Southeast Asian Studies , Kyoto University, Yoshida , Sakyo-ku , Kyoto , Japan
| | - Mitsuaki Nishibuchi
- g Center for Southeast Asian Studies , Kyoto University, Yoshida , Sakyo-ku , Kyoto , Japan
| | - Son Radu
- a Food Safety Research Centre (FOSREC), Faculty of Food Science and Technology , University Putra Malaysia, UPM , Serdang , Malaysia
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22
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Corrigan A, Fay B, Corcionivoschi N, Murphy R. Effect of yeast mannan-rich fractions on reducing Campylobacter colonization in broiler chickens. J APPL POULTRY RES 2017. [DOI: 10.3382/japr/pfx002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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23
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Guyard-Nicodème M, Huneau-Salaün A, Tatone FA, Skiba F, Quentin M, Quesne S, Poezevara T, Chemaly M. Effect of Feed Additives on Productivity and Campylobacter spp. Loads in Broilers Reared under Free Range Conditions. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:828. [PMID: 28553267 PMCID: PMC5427123 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The poultry reservoir, especially broiler meat, is generally recognized as one of the most-important sources for human Campylobacteriosis. The measures to control Campylobacter targeted essentially the primary production level. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effectiveness of different treatments against natural Campylobacter colonization in a French experimental farm of free-range broilers during the whole rearing period. Five commercial products and a combination of two of them were tested and all the products were added to feed or to water at the dose recommended by the suppliers. Campylobacter loads in caeca and on carcasses of broilers at the slaughter were determined by culture methods. Natural contamination of the flock occurred at the end of the indoor rearing period between day 35 and day 42. At day 42, the multispecies probiotic added to the feed reduced the contamination of 0.55 log10 CFU/g (p = 0.02) but was not significant (p > 0.05) at the end of rearing at day 78. However, another treatment, a combination of a cation exchange clay-based product in feed and an organic acid mixture (formic acid, sodium formate, lactic acid, propionic acid) in water, led to a slight but significant reduction of 0.82 ± 0.25 log10 CFU/g (p = 0.02) compared to the control group at day 78. Testing this combination in field conditions in several flocks is needed to determine if it is biologically relevant and if it could be a valuable measure to reduce Campylobacter in broiler flocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muriel Guyard-Nicodème
- Hygiene and Quality of Poultry and Pork Products Unit, ANSES – Ploufragan-Plouzané Laboratory, Université Bretagne LoirePloufragan, France
| | - Adeline Huneau-Salaün
- Avian and Rabbit Epidemiology and Welfare Unit, ANSES – Ploufragan-Plouzané Laboratory, Université Bretagne LoirePloufragan, France
| | - Fabrizio A. Tatone
- Hygiene and Quality of Poultry and Pork Products Unit, ANSES – Ploufragan-Plouzané Laboratory, Université Bretagne LoirePloufragan, France
| | - Fabien Skiba
- NUTRICIA – Route de Saint-SeverHaut-Mauco, France
| | | | - Ségolène Quesne
- Hygiene and Quality of Poultry and Pork Products Unit, ANSES – Ploufragan-Plouzané Laboratory, Université Bretagne LoirePloufragan, France
| | - Typhaine Poezevara
- Hygiene and Quality of Poultry and Pork Products Unit, ANSES – Ploufragan-Plouzané Laboratory, Université Bretagne LoirePloufragan, France
| | - Marianne Chemaly
- Hygiene and Quality of Poultry and Pork Products Unit, ANSES – Ploufragan-Plouzané Laboratory, Université Bretagne LoirePloufragan, France
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Psifidi A, Fife M, Howell J, Matika O, van Diemen PM, Kuo R, Smith J, Hocking PM, Salmon N, Jones MA, Hume DA, Banos G, Stevens MP, Kaiser P. The genomic architecture of resistance to Campylobacter jejuni intestinal colonisation in chickens. BMC Genomics 2016; 17:293. [PMID: 27090510 PMCID: PMC4835825 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-2612-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Campylobacter is the leading cause of foodborne diarrhoeal illness in humans and is mostly acquired from consumption or handling of contaminated poultry meat. In the absence of effective licensed vaccines and inhibitors, selection for chickens with increased resistance to Campylobacter could potentially reduce its subsequent entry into the food chain. Campylobacter intestinal colonisation levels are influenced by the host genetics of the chicken. In the present study, two chicken populations were used to investigate the genetic architecture of avian resistance to colonisation: (i) a back-cross of two White Leghorn derived inbred lines [(61 x N) x N] known to differ in resistance to Campylobacter colonisation and (ii) a 9(th) generation advanced intercross (61 x N) line. RESULTS The level of colonisation with Campylobacter jejuni following experimental infection was found to be a quantitative trait. A back-cross experiment using 1,243 fully informative single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers revealed quantitative trait loci (QTL) on chromosomes 7, 11 and 14. In the advanced intercross line study, the location of the QTL on chromosome 14 was confirmed and refined and two new QTLs were identified located on chromosomes 4 and 16. Pathway and re-sequencing data analysis of the genes located in the QTL candidate regions identified potential pathways, networks and candidate resistance genes. Finally, gene expression analyses were performed for some of the candidate resistance genes to support the results. CONCLUSION Campylobacter resistance in chickens is a complex trait, possibly involving the Major Histocompatibility Complex, innate and adaptive immune responses, cadherins and other factors. Two of the QTLs for Campylobacter resistance are co-located with Salmonella resistance loci, indicating that it may be possible to breed simultaneously for enhanced resistance to both zoonoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Psifidi
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK.
| | - M Fife
- The Pirbright Institute, Genetics & Genomics Group, Surrey, GU240NF, UK
| | - J Howell
- The Pirbright Institute, Genetics & Genomics Group, Surrey, GU240NF, UK
| | - O Matika
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - P M van Diemen
- Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, The Centre for Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - R Kuo
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - J Smith
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - P M Hocking
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - N Salmon
- The Pirbright Institute, Genetics & Genomics Group, Surrey, GU240NF, UK
| | - M A Jones
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - D A Hume
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - G Banos
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK.,Scotland's Rural College, Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - M P Stevens
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - P Kaiser
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK
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Chinivasagam HN, Estella W, Rodrigues H, Mayer DG, Weyand C, Tran T, Onysk A, Diallo I. On-farm Campylobacter and Escherichia coli in commercial broiler chickens: Re-used bedding does not influence Campylobacter emergence and levels across sequential farming cycles. Poult Sci 2016; 95:1105-15. [PMID: 26908887 PMCID: PMC4957531 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pew003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Limitations in quality bedding material have resulted in the growing need to re-use litter during broiler farming in some countries, which can be of concern from a food-safety perspective. The aim of this study was to compare the Campylobacter levels in ceca and litter across three litter treatments under commercial farming conditions. The litter treatments were (a) the use of new litter after each farming cycle; (b) an Australian partial litter re-use practice; and (c) a full litter re-use practice. The study was carried out on two farms over two years (Farm 1, from 2009–2010 and Farm 2, from 2010–2011), across three sheds (35,000 to 40,000 chickens/shed) on each farm, adopting three different litter treatments across six commercial cycles. A random sampling design was adopted to test litter and ceca for Campylobacter and Escherichia coli, prior to commercial first thin-out and final pick-up. Campylobacter levels varied little across litter practices and farming cycles on each farm and were in the range of log 8.0–9.0 CFU/g in ceca and log 4.0–6.0 MPN/g for litter. Similarly the E. coli in ceca were ∼log 7.0 CFU/g. At first thin-out and final pick-up, the statistical analysis for both litter and ceca showed that the three-way interaction (treatments by farms by times) was highly significant (P < 0.01), indicating that the patterns of Campylobacter emergence/presence across time vary between the farms, cycles and pickups. The emergence and levels of both organisms were not influenced by litter treatments across the six farming cycles on both farms. Either C. jejuni or C. coli could be the dominant species across litter and ceca, and this phenomenon could not be attributed to specific litter treatments. Irrespective of the litter treatments in place, cycle 2 on Farm 2 remained Campylobacter-free. These outcomes suggest that litter treatments did not directly influence the time of emergence and levels of Campylobacter and E. coli during commercial farming.
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Affiliation(s)
- H N Chinivasagam
- EcoSciences Precinct, Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Dutton Park 4102, Queensland, Australia
| | - W Estella
- EcoSciences Precinct, Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Dutton Park 4102, Queensland, Australia
| | - H Rodrigues
- EcoSciences Precinct, Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Dutton Park 4102, Queensland, Australia
| | - D G Mayer
- EcoSciences Precinct, Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Dutton Park 4102, Queensland, Australia
| | - C Weyand
- EcoSciences Precinct, Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Dutton Park 4102, Queensland, Australia
| | - T Tran
- EcoSciences Precinct, Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Dutton Park 4102, Queensland, Australia
| | - A Onysk
- EcoSciences Precinct, Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Dutton Park 4102, Queensland, Australia
| | - I Diallo
- Biosecurity Sciences Laboratory, Health and Food Sciences Precinct, Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, PO Box 156 Archerfield BC 4108, Queensland, Australia
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26
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Romero M, D'Agostino M, Arias AP, Robles S, Casado CF, Iturbe LO, Lerma OG, Andreou M, Cook N. An immunomagnetic separation/loop-mediated isothermal amplification method for rapid direct detection of thermotolerant Campylobacter
spp. during poultry production. J Appl Microbiol 2016; 120:469-77. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.13008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Revised: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - S. Robles
- Fera Science Ltd.; Sand Hutton York UK
| | | | | | | | | | - N. Cook
- Fera Science Ltd.; Sand Hutton York UK
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27
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Sahin O, Kassem II, Shen Z, Lin J, Rajashekara G, Zhang Q. Campylobacter in Poultry: Ecology and Potential Interventions. Avian Dis 2015; 59:185-200. [PMID: 26473668 DOI: 10.1637/11072-032315-review] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Avian hosts constitute a natural reservoir for thermophilic Campylobacter species, primarily Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli, and poultry flocks are frequently colonized in the intestinal tract with high numbers of the organisms. Prevalence rates in poultry, especially in slaughter-age broiler flocks, could reach as high as 100% on some farms. Despite the extensive colonization, Campylobacter is essentially a commensal in birds, although limited evidence has implicated the organism as a poultry pathogen. Although Campylobacter is insignificant for poultry health, it is a leading cause of food-borne gastroenteritis in humans worldwide, and contaminated poultry meat is recognized as the main source for human exposure. Therefore, considerable research efforts have been devoted to the development of interventions to diminish Campylobacter contamination in poultry, with the intention to reduce the burden of food-borne illnesses. During the past decade, significant advance has been made in understanding Campylobacter in poultry. This review summarizes the current knowledge with an emphasis on ecology, antibiotic resistance, and potential pre- and postharvest interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orhan Sahin
- A Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011
| | - Issmat I Kassem
- B Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691
| | - Zhangqi Shen
- A Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011
| | - Jun Lin
- C Department of Animal Science, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996
| | - Gireesh Rajashekara
- B Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691
| | - Qijing Zhang
- A Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011
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