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Li J, Sun M, Song X, Chen G, Zhou J, Chang Y, Xue C. Analysis of unsaturated alginate oligosaccharides using high-performance anion exchange chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2024; 416:3501-3508. [PMID: 38658402 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-024-05299-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Alginate is a commercially important polysaccharide composed of mannuronic acid and its C5 differential isomer guluronic acid. Comprehensive research on alginate and alginate lyases requires efficient and precise analytical methods for alginate oligosaccharides. In this research, high-performance anion exchange chromatography (HPAEC) in parallel with pulsed amperometric detection (PAD) and mass spectrometry (MS) was applied to the analysis of oligosaccharides obtained by alginate lyase. By optimizing the chromatographic conditions including mobile phase concentration, flow rate, and elution gradient, the analysis of a single sample could be completed in 30 min. Seven unsaturated alginate oligosaccharides were separated and identified through their analysis time observed with PAD, including all structurally different unsaturated disaccharides and trisaccharides. The quantitative analysis of seven oligosaccharides was performed based on the quantitative capability of PAD. The method exhibited adequate linearity and precision parameters. All the calibration curves showed good linearity at least in the concentration range of 0.002 to 0.1 mg/mL. The HPAEC-PAD/MS method provides a general and efficient online method to analyze alginate oligosaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajing Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 1299 Sansha Road, Qingdao, 266404, China
| | - Menghui Sun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 1299 Sansha Road, Qingdao, 266404, China
| | - Xiao Song
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 1299 Sansha Road, Qingdao, 266404, China
| | - Guangning Chen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 1299 Sansha Road, Qingdao, 266404, China
| | - Jinhang Zhou
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 1299 Sansha Road, Qingdao, 266404, China
| | - Yaoguang Chang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 1299 Sansha Road, Qingdao, 266404, China.
| | - Changhu Xue
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 1299 Sansha Road, Qingdao, 266404, China
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2
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Kanwar K, Sharma D, Singh H, Pal M, Bandhu R, Azmi W. In vitro effects of alginate lyase SG4 + produced by Paenibacillus lautus alone and combined with antibiotics on biofilm formation by mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Braz J Microbiol 2024; 55:1189-1203. [PMID: 38705960 PMCID: PMC11153421 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-024-01334-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Alginate is a major extra polymeric substance in the biofilm formed by mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa. It is the main proven perpetrator of lung infections in patients suffering from cystic fibrosis. Alginate lyases are very important in the treatment of cystic fibrosis. This study evaluated the role of standalone and in conjugation, effect of alginate lyase of SG4 + isolated from Paenibacillus lautus in enhancing in vitro bactericidal activity of gentamicin and amikacin on mucoid P. aeruginosa. Using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) alginate lyase SG4 + production was optimized in shake flask and there 8.49-fold enhancement in enzyme production. In fermenter, maximum growth (10.15 mg/ml) and alginate lyase (1.46 International Units) production, 1.71-fold was increased using Central Composite Design (CCD). Further, fermentation time was reduced from 48 to 20 h. To the best of our knowledge this is the first report in which CCD was used for fermenter studies to optimize alginate lyase production. The Km and Vmax of purified enzyme were found to be 2.7 mg/ml and 0.84 mol/ml-min, respectively. The half-life (t 1/2) of purified alginate lyase SG4 + at 37 °C was 180 min. Alginate lyase SG4 + in combination with gentamicin and amikacin eradiated 48.4- 52.3% and 58- 64.6%, alginate biofilm formed by P. aeruginosa strains, respectively. The study proves that alginate lyase SG4 + has excellent exopolysaccharide disintegrating ability and may be useful in development of potent therapeutic agent to treat P. aeruginosa biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kriti Kanwar
- Department of Biotechnology, Himachal Pradesh University, Summerhill Shimla, H.P, 171005, India.
- Chandigarh Group of College, Landran, Kharar- Banur Highway, Sector 112, Greater Mohali, Panjab, 140307, India.
| | - Deepika Sharma
- Chandigarh Group of College, Landran, Kharar- Banur Highway, Sector 112, Greater Mohali, Panjab, 140307, India
| | - Harjodh Singh
- Chandigarh Group of College, Landran, Kharar- Banur Highway, Sector 112, Greater Mohali, Panjab, 140307, India
| | - Mohinder Pal
- Chandigarh Group of College, Landran, Kharar- Banur Highway, Sector 112, Greater Mohali, Panjab, 140307, India
| | - Rajneesh Bandhu
- Department of Biotechnology, Himachal Pradesh University, Summerhill Shimla, H.P, 171005, India
| | - Wamik Azmi
- Department of Biotechnology, Himachal Pradesh University, Summerhill Shimla, H.P, 171005, India.
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3
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Shu Z, Wang G, Liu F, Xu Y, Sun J, Hu Y, Dong H, Zhang J. Genome Sequencing-Based Mining and Characterization of a Novel Alginate Lyase from Vibrio alginolyticus S10 for Specific Production of Disaccharides. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:564. [PMID: 37999388 PMCID: PMC10672080 DOI: 10.3390/md21110564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Alginate oligosaccharides prepared by alginate lyases attracted great attention because of their desirable biological activities. However, the hydrolysis products are always a mixture of oligosaccharides with different degrees of polymerization, which increases the production cost because of the following purification procedures. In this study, an alginate lyase, Alg4755, with high product specificity was identified, heterologously expressed, and characterized from Vibrio alginolyticus S10, which was isolated from the intestine of sea cucumber. Alg4755 belonged to the PL7 family with two catalytic domains, which was composed of 583 amino acids. Enzymatic characterization results show that the optimal reaction temperature and pH of Alg4755 were 35 °C and 8.0, respectively. Furthermore, Alg4755 was identified to have high thermal and pH stability. Moreover, the final hydrolysis products of sodium alginate catalyzed by Alg4755 were mainly alginate disaccharides with a small amount of alginate trisaccharides. The results demonstrate that alginate lyase Alg4755 could have a broad application prospect because of its high product specificity and desirable catalytic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Shu
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 200120, China;
- Shandong Marine Resource and Environment Research Institute, Yantai 264006, China; (G.W.)
| | - Gongming Wang
- Shandong Marine Resource and Environment Research Institute, Yantai 264006, China; (G.W.)
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control and Deep Processing of Marine Food, Yantai 264006, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Shandong Marine Resource and Environment Research Institute, Yantai 264006, China; (G.W.)
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control and Deep Processing of Marine Food, Yantai 264006, China
| | - Yingjiang Xu
- Shandong Marine Resource and Environment Research Institute, Yantai 264006, China; (G.W.)
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control and Deep Processing of Marine Food, Yantai 264006, China
| | - Jianan Sun
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266404, China; (J.S.)
- Key Laboratory of Biological Processing of Aquatic Products, China National Light Industry, Qingdao 266404, China
| | - Yang Hu
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266404, China; (J.S.)
- Key Laboratory of Biological Processing of Aquatic Products, China National Light Industry, Qingdao 266404, China
| | - Hao Dong
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266404, China; (J.S.)
- Key Laboratory of Biological Processing of Aquatic Products, China National Light Industry, Qingdao 266404, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Shandong Marine Resource and Environment Research Institute, Yantai 264006, China; (G.W.)
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control and Deep Processing of Marine Food, Yantai 264006, China
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Li L, Zhu B, Yao Z, Jiang J. Directed preparation, structure-activity relationship and applications of alginate oligosaccharides with specific structures: A systematic review. Food Res Int 2023; 170:112990. [PMID: 37316063 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.112990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The alginate oligosaccharides (AOS) possess versatile activities (such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, and immune-regulatory activities) and have been the research topic in marine bioresource utilization fields. The degree of polymerization (DP) and the β-D-mannuronic acid (M)/α-L-guluronic acid (G)-units ratio strongly affect the functionality of AOS. Therefore, directed preparation of AOS with specific structures is essential for expanding the applications of alginate polysaccharides and has been the research topic in the marine bioresource field. Alginate lyases could efficiently degrade alginate and specifically produce AOS with specific structures. Therefore, enzymatic preparation of AOS with specific structures has drawn increasing attention. Herein, we systematically summarized the current research progress on the structure-function relation of AOS and focuses on the application of the enzymatic properties of alginate lyase to the specific preparation of various types of AOS. At the same time, current challenges and opportunities for AOS applications are presented to guide and improve the preparation and application of AOS in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Benwei Zhu
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Zhong Yao
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Jinju Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Seaweed Substances, Qingdao 266400, China
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Cell aggregation is associated with enzyme secretion strategies in marine polysaccharide-degrading bacteria. THE ISME JOURNAL 2023; 17:703-711. [PMID: 36813911 PMCID: PMC10119383 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-023-01385-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Polysaccharide breakdown by bacteria requires the activity of enzymes that degrade polymers either intra- or extra-cellularly. The latter mechanism generates a localized pool of breakdown products that are accessible to the enzyme producers themselves as well as to other organisms. Marine bacterial taxa often show marked differences in the production and secretion of degradative enzymes that break down polysaccharides. These differences can have profound effects on the pool of diffusible breakdown products and hence on the ecological dynamics. However, the consequences of differences in enzymatic secretions on cellular growth dynamics and interactions are unclear. Here we study growth dynamics of single cells within populations of marine Vibrionaceae strains that grow on the abundant marine polymer alginate, using microfluidics coupled to quantitative single-cell analysis and mathematical modelling. We find that strains that have low extracellular secretions of alginate lyases aggregate more strongly than strains that secrete high levels of enzymes. One plausible reason for this observation is that low secretors require a higher cellular density to achieve maximal growth rates in comparison with high secretors. Our findings indicate that increased aggregation increases intercellular synergy amongst cells of low-secreting strains. By mathematically modelling the impact of the level of degradative enzyme secretion on the rate of diffusive oligomer loss, we find that enzymatic secretion capability modulates the propensity of cells within clonal populations to cooperate or compete with each other. Our experiments and models demonstrate that enzymatic secretion capabilities can be linked with the propensity of cell aggregation in marine bacteria that extracellularly catabolize polysaccharides.
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Cloning, Expression and Characterization of an Alginate Lyase in Bacillus subtilis WB600. FERMENTATION 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation9020144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to further broaden the heterologous expression of alginate lyase from Vibrio alginolyticus in a Bacillus subtilis expression vector. A B. subtilis WB600/pP43NMK-alg62 strain was constructed. (NH4)2SO4 precipitation and Ni-affinity chromatography were performed to purify the enzyme. We then characterized the enzyme. Its molecular weight was 57.64 kDa, and it worked optimally at 30 °C with a pH of 8.0. Ca2+ markedly enhanced the enzymatic activity of Alg62 while Cu2+ and Ni2+ inhibited its activity. Alg62 had a wide range of substrate specificity, showing high activity toward sodium alginate and polyG. Following optimization of the fermentation process, the optimal conditions for the recombinant expression of Alg62 were as follows: temperature of 37 °C, pH of 7.0, medium consisting of glycerol 15 g/L, yeast powder 25 g/L and K+ 1.5 mmol/L. At these optimal conditions, enzyme activity reached 318.21 U/mL, which was 1.54 times higher than the initial enzyme activity.
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Chen C, Cao S, Zhu B, Jiang L, Yao Z. Biochemical characterization and elucidation the degradation pattern of a new cold-adapted and Ca2+ activated alginate lyase for efficient preparation of alginate oligosaccharides. Enzyme Microb Technol 2023; 162:110146. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2022.110146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Characterization of Multiple Alginate Lyases in a Highly Efficient Alginate-Degrading Vibrio Strain and Its Degradation Strategy. Appl Environ Microbiol 2022; 88:e0138922. [PMID: 36409133 PMCID: PMC9746302 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01389-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Alginate is an important polysaccharide in the ocean that supports the growth of marine microorganisms. Many widespread Vibrio species possess alginate lyases and can utilize alginate as a carbon source, but the detailed alginate degradation mechanism in Vibrio remains to be further explored. In this study, we obtained a highly efficient alginate-degrading strain, Vibrio pelagius WXL662, with 11 alginate lyases (VpAly-I to -XI) and further elucidated its molecular mechanism of alginate degradation. Three alginate utilization loci (AUL) were identified in different parts of WXL662's genome, comprising six alginate lyases (VpAly-I, -II, -VIII, -IX, -X, and -XI) and other genes related to alginate degradation. Most of the alginate-degrading genes are strongly induced when alginate is provided as the sole carbon source. Ten alginate lyases (VpAly-I to -X) had been purified and characterized, including six from polysaccharide lyase family 7 (PL7), three from PL17, and one from PL6. These recombinant alginate lyases existing in different cellular locations were active at a wide temperature (10 to 50°C) and pH (4.0 to 9.0) range, with different substrate preferences and diverse degradation products, enabling WXL662 to efficiently utilize alginate in a changing marine environment. Importantly, outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) can act as vectors for alginate lyases (VpAly-II, -V, and -VI) in WXL662. Further investigations of public Vibrio genomes revealed that most alginate-degrading vibrios possess one AUL instead of previously reported "scattered" system. These results emphasize the specific alginate degradation strategy in Vibrio pelagius WXL662, which can be used as a model strain to study the ecological importance of effective alginate-degrading vibrios in the ocean. IMPORTANCE Alginate is an important carbon source in the marine environment, and vibrios are major alginate utilizers. Previous studies focused only on the characteristics of individual alginate lyases in vibrios, but few of them discussed the comprehensive alginate-degrading strategy. Here, we depicted the alginate utilization mechanism and its ecological implications of a highly efficient alginate-degrading Vibrio strain, WXL662, which contained 11 alginate lyases with distinct enzymatic characteristics. Importantly, unlike other vibrios with only one alginate utilization locus (AUL) or the previously reported "scattered" system, three AUL were identified in WXL662. Additionally, the involvement of outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) in the secretion of alginate lyases is proposed for the first time.
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Synergy of the Two Alginate Lyase Domains of a Novel Alginate Lyase from Vibrio sp. NC2 in Alginate Degradation. Appl Environ Microbiol 2022; 88:e0155922. [PMID: 36394323 PMCID: PMC9746311 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01559-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Alginate lyases play a vital role in the degradation of alginate, an important marine carbon source. Alginate is a complex macromolecular substrate, and the synergy of alginate lyases is important for the alginate utilization by microbes and the application of alginate lyases in biotechnology. Although many studies have focused on the synergy between different alginate lyases, the synergy between two alginate lyase domains of one alginate lyase has not been reported. Here, we report the synergism between the two catalytic domains of a novel alginate lyase, AlyC6', from the marine alginate-degrading bacterium Vibrio sp. NC2. AlyC6' contains two PL7 catalytic domains (CD1 and CD2) that have no sequence similarity. While both CD1 and CD2 are endo-lyases with the highest activity at 30°C, pH 8.0, and 1.0 M NaCl, they also displayed some different properties. CD1 was PM-specific, but CD2 was PG-specific. Compared with CD2, CD1 had higher catalytic efficiency, but lower substrate affinity. In addition, CD1 had a smaller minimal substrate than CD2, and the products from CD2 could be further degraded by CD1. These distinctions between the two domains enable them to synergize intramolecularly in alginate degradation, resulting in efficient and complete degradation of various alginate substrates. The bioinformatics analysis revealed that diverse alginate lyases have multiple catalytic domains, which are widespread, especially abundant in Flavobacteriaceae and Alteromonadales, which may secret multimodular alginate lyases for alginate degradation. This study provides new insight into bacterial alginate lyases and alginate degradation and is helpful for designing multimodular enzymes for efficient alginate depolymerization. IMPORTANCE Alginate is a major component in the cell walls of brown algae. Alginate degradation is carried out by alginate lyases. Until now, while most characterized alginate lyases contain one single catalytic domain, only a few have been shown to contain two catalytic domains. Furthermore, the synergy of alginate lyases has attracted increasing attention since it plays important roles in microbial alginate utilization and biotechnological applications. Although many studies have focused on the synergy between different alginate lyases, the synergy between two catalytic domains of one alginate lyase has not been reported. Here, a novel alginate lyase, AlyC6', with two functional alginate lyase domains was biochemically characterized. Moreover, the synergism between the two domains of AlyC6' was revealed. Additionally, the distribution of the alginate lyases with multiple alginate lyase domains was investigated based on the bioinformatics analysis. This study provides new insight into bacterial alginate lyases and alginate degradation.
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Sun XM, Xue Z, Sun ML, Zhang Y, Zhang YZ, Fu HH, Zhang YQ, Wang P. Characterization of a Novel Alginate Lyase with Two Alginate Lyase Domains from the Marine Bacterium Vibrio sp. C42. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20120746. [PMID: 36547893 PMCID: PMC9781882 DOI: 10.3390/md20120746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Alginate is abundant in the cell walls of brown algae. Alginate lyases can degrade alginate, and thus play an important role in the marine carbon cycle and industrial production. Currently, most reported alginate lyases contain only one functional alginate lyase domain. AlyC8 is a putative alginate lyase with two alginate lyase domains (CD1 and CD2) from the marine alginate-degrading strain Vibrio sp. C42. To characterize AlyC8 and its two catalytic domains, AlyC8 and its two catalytic domain-deleted mutants, AlyC8-CD1 and AlyC8-CD2, were expressed in Escherichia coli. All three proteins have noticeable activity toward sodium alginate and exhibit optimal activities at pH 8.0-9.0 and at 30-40 °C, demonstrating that both CD1 and CD2 are functional. However, CD1 and CD2 showed opposite substrate specificity. The differences in substrate specificity and degradation products of alginate between the mutants and AlyC8 demonstrate that CD1 and CD2 can act synergistically to enable AlyC8 to degrade various alginate substrates into smaller oligomeric products. Moreover, kinetic analysis indicated that AlyC8-CD1 plays a major role in the degradation of alginate by AlyC8. These results demonstrate that AlyC8 is a novel alginate lyase with two functional catalytic domains that are synergistic in alginate degradation, which is helpful for a better understanding of alginate lyases and alginate degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Meng Sun
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Marine Biotechnology Center, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
- Life Science College, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Zhao Xue
- Life Science College, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Mei-Ling Sun
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Yu-Zhong Zhang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Hui-Hui Fu
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Yu-Qiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Marine Biotechnology Center, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
- Correspondence: (Y.-Q.Z.); (P.W.)
| | - Peng Wang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
- Correspondence: (Y.-Q.Z.); (P.W.)
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11
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Yan F, Chen J, Cai T, Zhong J, Zhang S. Cloning, expression, and characterization of a novel endo-type alginate lyase from Microbulbifer sp. BY17. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:4522-4531. [PMID: 35137421 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alginate oligosaccharides (AOS), with various physiological effects, have been widely used in the food, agricultural, and pharmaceutical industries. The biological enzymatic method of preparing AOS, using alginate lyase, has more advantages compared with physical and chemical methods. Cloning and heterologously expressing alginate lyase are therefore very important. RESULTS A novel alginate lyase, BY17PV7, from Microbulbifer sp. BY17, isolated from Gracilaria, was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3). BY17PV7 was about 27 KDa. BY17PV7 showed the greatest activity (150.42 ± 3.32 U/mg) at 43 °C and pH 8.9. It could be activated by Ca2+ , Mn2+ , Co2+ , Fe3+ , Na+ , and inhibited by Mg2+ , Zn2+ , Ba2+ , Cu2+ , sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA). BY17PV7 had a wide range of substrate specificity and good degradation effects for poly β-D-mannuronate (polyM) and poly α-L-guluronate (polyG), demonstrating that it is a bifunctional alginate lyase. The kinetic parameters showed that BY17PV7 had a greater affinity for polyG. BY17PV7 released AOS with a degree of polymerization (DP) of 3-4 in an endolytic manner from sodium alginate. Alginate oligosaccharides showed strong antioxidant ability of reducing Fe3+ and scavenging radicals such as hydroxyl, 2,2-azion-bia (3-ethylbenzo-thiazoline-6-sulfonic acid diammonium salt) (ABTS) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). CONCLUSION A novel bifunctional alginate lyase, BY17PV7, was expressed and characterized in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3). The results were helpful for the analysis of the molecular mechanisms of degrading patterns in the polysaccharide lyase (PL) family. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fen Yan
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Junying Chen
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Ting Cai
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jinfu Zhong
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Shaolong Zhang
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
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Determination of oligosaccharide product distributions of PL7 alginate lyases by their structural elements. Commun Biol 2022; 5:782. [PMID: 35918517 PMCID: PMC9345997 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03721-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Alginate lyases can be used to produce well-defined alginate oligosaccharides (AOSs) because of their specificities for AOS products. A large number of alginate lyases have been recorded in the CAZy database; however, the majority are annotated-only alginate lyases that include little information on their products, thus limiting their applications. Here, we establish a simple and experiment-saving approach to predict product distributions for PL7 alginate lyases through extensive structural biology, bioinformatics and biochemical studies. Structural study on several PL7 alginate lyases reveals that two loops around the substrate binding cleft determine product distribution. Furthermore, a database containing the loop information of all annotated-only single-domain PL7 alginate lyases is constructed, enabling systematic exploration of the association between loop and product distribution. Based on these results, a simplified loop/product distribution relationship is proposed, giving us information on product distribution directly from the amino acid sequence. Characterization of PL7 alginate lyase structure and products enables a bioinformatics approach to predict product distribution from the amino acid sequence.
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Sha L, Huang M, Huang X, Huang Y, Shao E, Guan X, Huang Z. Cloning and Characterization of a Novel Endo-Type Metal-Independent Alginate Lyase from the Marine Bacteria Vibrio sp. Ni1. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20080479. [PMID: 35892947 PMCID: PMC9331746 DOI: 10.3390/md20080479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The applications of alginate lyase are diverse, but efficient commercial enzymes are still unavailable. In this study, a novel alginate lyase with high activity was obtained from the marine bacteria Vibrio sp. Ni1. The ORF of the algB gene has 1824 bp, encoding 607 amino acids. Homology analysis shows that AlgB belongs to the PL7 family. There are two catalytic domains with the typical region of QIH found in AlgB. The purified recombinant enzyme of AlgB shows highest activity at 35 °C, pH 8.0, and 50 mmol/L Tris-HCl without any metal ions. Only K+ slightly enhances the activity, while Fe2+ and Cu2+ strongly inhibit the activity. The AlgB preferred polyM as substrate. The end products of enzymatic mixture are DP2 and DP3, without any metal ion to assist them. This enzyme has good industrial application prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Sha
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (L.S.); (M.H.); (Y.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China;
- Ministerial and Provincial Joint Innovation Centre for Safety Production of Cross-Strait Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Minghai Huang
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (L.S.); (M.H.); (Y.H.)
| | - Xiaonan Huang
- Fuzhou Ocean and Fisheries Technology Center, Fuzhou 350007, China;
| | - Yongtong Huang
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (L.S.); (M.H.); (Y.H.)
| | - Ensi Shao
- National Engineering Research Center of Juncao Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China;
| | - Xiong Guan
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China;
- Ministerial and Provincial Joint Innovation Centre for Safety Production of Cross-Strait Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Zhipeng Huang
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (L.S.); (M.H.); (Y.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China;
- Ministerial and Provincial Joint Innovation Centre for Safety Production of Cross-Strait Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-591-83789259
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14
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Schwartzman JA, Ebrahimi A, Chadwick G, Sato Y, Roller BRK, Orphan VJ, Cordero OX. Bacterial growth in multicellular aggregates leads to the emergence of complex life cycles. Curr Biol 2022; 32:3059-3069.e7. [PMID: 35777363 PMCID: PMC9496226 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Facultative multicellular behaviors expand the metabolic capacity and physiological resilience of bacteria. Despite their ubiquity in nature, we lack an understanding of how these behaviors emerge from cellular-scale phenomena. Here, we show how the coupling between growth and resource gradient formation leads to the emergence of multicellular lifecycles in a marine bacterium. Under otherwise carbon-limited growth conditions, Vibrio splendidus 12B01 forms clonal multicellular groups to collectively harvest carbon from soluble polymers of the brown-algal polysaccharide alginate. As they grow, groups phenotypically differentiate into two spatially distinct sub-populations: a static "shell" surrounding a motile, carbon-storing "core." Differentiation of these two sub-populations coincides with the formation of a gradient in nitrogen-source availability within clusters. Additionally, we find that populations of cells containing a high proportion of carbon-storing individuals propagate and form new clusters more readily on alginate than do populations with few carbon-storing cells. Together, these results suggest that local metabolic activity and differential partitioning of resources leads to the emergence of reproductive cycles in a facultatively multicellular bacterium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia A Schwartzman
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Ali Ebrahimi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Grayson Chadwick
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Yuya Sato
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Environmental Management Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 16-1 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8569, Japan
| | - Benjamin R K Roller
- Division of Microbial Ecology, Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, Center for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna, Djerassiplatz 1, Vienna 1030, Austria; Department of Environmental Systems Sciences, ETH Zürich, Universitätsstrasse 16, Zürich 8092, Switzerland; Department of Environmental Microbiology, Eawag, Ueberlandstrasse 133, Dübendorf 8600, Switzerland
| | - Victoria J Orphan
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Otto X Cordero
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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15
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Lu S, Na K, Wei J, Zhang L, Guo X. Alginate oligosaccharides: The structure-function relationships and the directional preparation for application. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 284:119225. [PMID: 35287920 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Alginate oligosaccharides (AOS) are degradation products of alginate extracted from brown algae. With low molecular weight, high water solubility, and good biological activity, AOS present anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and antitumor properties. They also exert growth-promoting effects in animals and plants. Three types of AOS, mannuronate oligosaccharides (MAOS), guluronate oligosaccharides (GAOS), and heterozygous mannuronate and guluronate oligosaccharides (HAOS), can be produced from alginate by enzymatic hydrolysis. Thus far, most studies on the applications and biological activities of AOS have been based mainly on a hybrid form of HAOS. To improve the directional production of AOS for practical applications, systematic studies on the structures and related biological activities of AOS are needed. This review provides a summary of current understanding of structure-function relationships and advances in the production of AOS. The current challenges and opportunities in the application of AOS is suggested to guide the precise application of AOS in practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Lu
- College of Life Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, No. 182, Minyuan Road, Hongshan District, Wuhan City, Hubei Province 430074, China
| | - Kai Na
- College of Life Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, No. 182, Minyuan Road, Hongshan District, Wuhan City, Hubei Province 430074, China
| | - Jiani Wei
- College of Life Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, No. 182, Minyuan Road, Hongshan District, Wuhan City, Hubei Province 430074, China
| | - Li Zhang
- College of Life Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, No. 182, Minyuan Road, Hongshan District, Wuhan City, Hubei Province 430074, China
| | - Xiaohua Guo
- College of Life Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, No. 182, Minyuan Road, Hongshan District, Wuhan City, Hubei Province 430074, China.
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16
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Biochemical Characterization and Cold-Adaption Mechanism of A PL-17 Family Alginate Lyase Aly23 from Marine Bacterium Pseudoalteromonas sp. ASY5 and Its Application for Oligosaccharides Production. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20020126. [PMID: 35200655 PMCID: PMC8876620 DOI: 10.3390/md20020126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
As an important enzyme involved in the marine carbon cycle, alginate lyase has received extensive attention because of its excellent degradation ability on brown algae, which is widely utilized for alginate oligosaccharide preparation or bioethanol production. In comparison with endo-type alginate lyases (PL-5, PL-7, and PL-18 families), limited studies have focused on PL-17 family alginate lyases, especially for those with special characteristics. In this study, a novel PL-17 family alginate lyase, Aly23, was identified and cloned from the marine bacterium Pseudoalteromonas carrageenovora ASY5. Aly23 exhibited maximum activity at 35 °C and retained 48.93% of its highest activity at 4 °C, representing an excellent cold-adaptation property. Comparative molecular dynamics analysis was implemented to explore the structural basis for the cold-adaptation property of Aly23. Aly23 had a high substrate preference for poly β-D-mannuronate and exhibited both endolytic and exolytic activities; its hydrolysis reaction mainly produced monosaccharides, disaccharides, and trisaccharides. Furthermore, the enzymatic hydrolyzed oligosaccharides displayed good antioxidant activities to reduce ferric and scavenge radicals, such as hydroxyl, ABTS+, and DPPH. Our work demonstrated that Aly23 is a promising cold-adapted biocatalyst for the preparation of natural antioxidants from brown algae.
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17
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Desvals A, Fortino M, Lefebvre C, Rogier J, Michelin C, Alioui S, Rousset E, Pedone A, Lemercier G, Hoffmann N. Synthesis and characterization of polymethine dyes carrying thiobarbituric and carboxylic acid moieties. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj00684g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Polymethine dyes are prepared using a convenient synthesis and characterized by physicochemical and computational methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Desvals
- CNRS, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, ICMR, Equipe de Photochimie, UFR Sciences, B.P. 1039, 51687 Reims, France
| | | | - Corentin Lefebvre
- CNRS, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, ICMR, Equipe de Photochimie, UFR Sciences, B.P. 1039, 51687 Reims, France
| | - Johann Rogier
- CNRS, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, ICMR, Equipe de Photochimie, UFR Sciences, B.P. 1039, 51687 Reims, France
| | - Clément Michelin
- CNRS, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, ICMR, Equipe de Photochimie, UFR Sciences, B.P. 1039, 51687 Reims, France
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Clermont Auvergne INP, ICCF, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Samy Alioui
- CNRS, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, ICMR, Equipe de Photochimie, UFR Sciences, B.P. 1039, 51687 Reims, France
| | - Elodie Rousset
- CNRS, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, ICMR, Equipe de Photochimie, UFR Sciences, B.P. 1039, 51687 Reims, France
| | - Alfonso Pedone
- Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, via Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Gilles Lemercier
- CNRS, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, ICMR, Equipe de Photochimie, UFR Sciences, B.P. 1039, 51687 Reims, France
| | - Norbert Hoffmann
- CNRS, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, ICMR, Equipe de Photochimie, UFR Sciences, B.P. 1039, 51687 Reims, France
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18
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Wan MC, Qin W, Lei C, Li QH, Meng M, Fang M, Song W, Chen JH, Tay F, Niu LN. Biomaterials from the sea: Future building blocks for biomedical applications. Bioact Mater 2021; 6:4255-4285. [PMID: 33997505 PMCID: PMC8102716 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Marine resources have tremendous potential for developing high-value biomaterials. The last decade has seen an increasing number of biomaterials that originate from marine organisms. This field is rapidly evolving. Marine biomaterials experience several periods of discovery and development ranging from coralline bone graft to polysaccharide-based biomaterials. The latter are represented by chitin and chitosan, marine-derived collagen, and composites of different organisms of marine origin. The diversity of marine natural products, their properties and applications are discussed thoroughly in the present review. These materials are easily available and possess excellent biocompatibility, biodegradability and potent bioactive characteristics. Important applications of marine biomaterials include medical applications, antimicrobial agents, drug delivery agents, anticoagulants, rehabilitation of diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, bone diseases and diabetes, as well as comestible, cosmetic and industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-chen Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, PR China
| | - Wen Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, PR China
| | - Chen Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, PR China
| | - Qi-hong Li
- Department of Stomatology, The Fifth Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital (Former 307th Hospital of the PLA), Dongda Street, Beijing, 100071, PR China
| | - Meng Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, PR China
| | - Ming Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, PR China
| | - Wen Song
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, PR China
| | - Ji-hua Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, PR China
| | - Franklin Tay
- College of Graduate Studies, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Li-na Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, PR China
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453000, PR China
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19
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Meng Q, Tian X, Jiang B, Zhou L, Chen J, Zhang T. Characterization and enhanced extracellular overexpression of a new salt-activated alginate lyase. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2021; 101:5154-5162. [PMID: 33608926 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alginate lyases (EC 4.4.2.3/4.4.2.11) have been applied to produce alginate oligosaccharides, which have physiological advantages such as prebiotic and antidiabetic effects, and are of benefit in the food and pharmaceutical industries. Extracellular production of recombinant proteins in Escherichia coli presents advantages including simplified downstream processing and high productivity; however, the presence of certain signal peptides does not always ensure successful secretion, which make the extracellular production of alginate lyase in E. coli rarely reported but of great significance. RESULTS A PL7 family alginate lyase, Aly01, with its native signal peptide from Vibrio natriegens SK42.001, was identified, characterized, and extracellularly expressed in E. coli. The enzyme specifically released trisaccharide from alginate and was strictly NaCl activated. Green fluorescent protein (GFP) was fused with the Aly01 signal peptide and successfully secreted in E. coli to expand the feasibility of using this signal peptide to produce other heterologous proteins extracellularly. Through a synergistic strategy of utilizing Terrific Broth (TB) medium supplemented with 120 mmol L-1 glycine and 10 mmol L-1 calcium, the lag phase of protein secretion was reduced to 3 h from 12 h; meanwhile calcium remedied glycine-related cell growth impairment, leading to further enhancement of overall enzyme productivity, reaching a maximum of 4.55 U mL-1 . CONCLUSION A new salt-activated alginate lyase, Aly01, was identified and characterized. E. coli employed its signal peptide and extracellularly expressed both Aly01 and a GFP, which indicated the signal peptide of Aly01 could be a powerful tool for extracellular production of other heterologous proteins in E. coli. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xinyu Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Bo Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Licheng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jingjing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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20
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Zhang F, Fu Z, Tang L, Zhang Z, Han F, Yu W. Biochemical Characterization of a Novel Exo-Type PL7 Alginate Lyase VsAly7D from Marine Vibrio sp. QY108. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:8402. [PMID: 34445107 PMCID: PMC8395142 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Brown algae is a kind of renewable resource for biofuels production. As the major component of carbohydrate in the cell walls of brown algae, alginate can be degraded into unsaturated monosaccharide by exo-type alginate lyases, then converted into 4-deoxy-L-erythro-5-hexoseulose uronate (DEH) by a non-enzyme reaction, which is an important raw material for the preparation of bioethanol. In our research, a novel exo-type alginate lyase, VsAly7D, belonging to the PL7 family was isolated from marine bacterium Vibrio sp. QY108 and recombinantly expressed in Escherichia coli. The purified VsAly7D demonstrated the highest activity at 35 °C, whereas it still maintained 46.5% and 83.1% of its initial activity at 20 °C and 30 °C, respectively. In addition, VsAly7D exhibited the maximum activity under alkaline conditions (pH 8.0), with the simultaneously remaining stability between pH 8.0 and 10.0. Compared with other reported exo-type enzymes, VsAly7D could efficiently degrade alginate, poly-β-D-mannuronate (polyM) and poly-α-L-guluronate (polyG) with highest specific activities (663.0 U/mg, 913.6 U/mg and 894.4 U/mg, respectively). These results showed that recombinant VsAly7D is a suitable tool enzyme for unsaturated alginate monosaccharide preparation and holds great promise for producing bioethanol from brown algae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengchao Zhang
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (F.Z.); (Z.F.); (L.T.); (Z.Z.)
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266003, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Zheng Fu
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (F.Z.); (Z.F.); (L.T.); (Z.Z.)
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266003, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Luyao Tang
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (F.Z.); (Z.F.); (L.T.); (Z.Z.)
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266003, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Zhelun Zhang
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (F.Z.); (Z.F.); (L.T.); (Z.Z.)
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266003, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Feng Han
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (F.Z.); (Z.F.); (L.T.); (Z.Z.)
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266003, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Wengong Yu
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (F.Z.); (Z.F.); (L.T.); (Z.Z.)
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266003, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, Qingdao 266003, China
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21
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Zhang L, Li X, Zhang X, Li Y, Wang L. Bacterial alginate metabolism: an important pathway for bioconversion of brown algae. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2021; 14:158. [PMID: 34275475 PMCID: PMC8286568 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-021-02007-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Brown macroalgae have attracted great attention as an alternative feedstock for biorefining. Although direct conversion of ethanol from alginates (major components of brown macroalgae cell walls) is not amenable for industrial production, significant progress has been made not only on enzymes involved in alginate degradation, but also on metabolic pathways for biorefining at the laboratory level. In this article, we summarise recent advances on four aspects: alginate, alginate lyases, different alginate-degrading systems, and application of alginate lyases and associated pathways. This knowledge will likely inspire sustainable solutions for further application of both alginate lyases and their associated pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanzeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Xue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Xiyue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Yingjie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China.
| | - Lushan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
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22
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Mrudulakumari Vasudevan U, Lee OK, Lee EY. Alginate derived functional oligosaccharides: Recent developments, barriers, and future outlooks. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 267:118158. [PMID: 34119132 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Alginate is a biopolymer used extensively in the food, pharmaceutical, and chemical industries. Alginate oligosaccharides (AOS) derived from alginate exhibit superior biological activities and therapeutic potential. Alginate lyases with characteristic substrate specificity can facilitate the production of a broad array of AOS with precise structure and functionality. By adopting innovative analytical tools in conjunction with focused clinical studies, the structure-bioactivity relationship of a number of AOS has been brought to light. This review covers fundamental aspects and recent developments in AOS research. Enzymatic and microbial processes involved in AOS production from brown algae and sequential steps involved in AOS structure elucidation are outlined. Biological mechanisms underlying the health benefits of AOS and their potential industrial and therapeutic applications are elaborated. Withal, various challenges in AOS research are traced out, and future directions, specifically on recombinant systems for AOS preparation, are delineated to further widen the horizon of these exceptional oligosaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ushasree Mrudulakumari Vasudevan
- Department of Chemical Engineering (Integrated Engineering), Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Ok Kyung Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering (Integrated Engineering), Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Yeol Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering (Integrated Engineering), Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Republic of Korea.
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23
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Bunse C, Koch H, Breider S, Simon M, Wietz M. Sweet spheres: succession and CAZyme expression of marine bacterial communities colonizing a mix of alginate and pectin particles. Environ Microbiol 2021; 23:3130-3148. [PMID: 33876546 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Polysaccharide particles are important substrates and microhabitats for marine bacteria. However, substrate-specific bacterial dynamics in mixtures of particle types with different polysaccharide composition, as likely occurring in natural habitats, are undescribed. Here, we studied the composition, functional diversity and gene expression of marine bacterial communities colonizing a mix of alginate and pectin particles. Amplicon, metagenome and metatranscriptome sequencing revealed that communities on alginate and pectin particles significantly differed from their free-living counterparts. Unexpectedly, microbial dynamics on alginate and pectin particles were similar, with predominance of amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) from Tenacibaculum, Colwellia, Psychrobium and Psychromonas. Corresponding metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) expressed diverse alginate lyases, several colocalized in polysaccharide utilization loci. Only a single, low-abundant MAG showed elevated transcript abundances of pectin-degrading enzymes. One specific Glaciecola ASV dominated the free-living fraction, possibly persisting on particle-derived oligomers through different glycoside hydrolases. Elevated ammonium uptake and metabolism signified nitrogen as an important factor for degrading carbon-rich particles, whereas elevated methylcitrate and glyoxylate cycles suggested nutrient limitation in surrounding waters. The bacterial preference for alginate, whereas pectin primarily served as colonization scaffold, illuminates substrate-driven dynamics within mixed polysaccharide pools. These insights expand our understanding of bacterial niche specialization and the biological carbon pump in macroalgae-rich habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Bunse
- Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity at the University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany.,Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Hanna Koch
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany.,Department of Microbiology, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Sven Breider
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Meinhard Simon
- Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity at the University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany.,Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Wietz
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany.,Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
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24
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Park S, Cho SW, Lee Y, Choi M, Yang J, Lee H, Seo SW. Engineering Vibrio sp. SP1 for the production of carotenoids directly from brown macroalgae. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2021; 19:1531-1540. [PMID: 33815690 PMCID: PMC7994440 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2021.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Macroalgae is regarded as a promising third-generation marine biomass that can be utilized as a sustainable feedstock for bio-industry due to the high sugar level and absence of lignin. Alginate, composed of 1,4-linked D-mannuronate (M) and L-guluronate (G), is one of the major carbohydrates in brown macroalgae. It is difficult to be assimilated by most industrial microorganisms. Therefore, developing engineered microorganisms that can utilize alginate as a feedstock in order to produce natural products from marine biomass is critical. In this study, we isolated, characterized, and sequenced Vibrio sp. SP1 which rapidly grows using alginate as a sole carbon source. We further engineered this strain by introducing genes encoding enzymes under the control of synthetic expression cassettes to produce lycopene and β-carotene which are attractive phytochemicals owing to the antioxidant property. We confirmed that the engineered Vibrio sp. SP1 could successfully produce 2.13 ± 0.37 mg L-1 of lycopene, 2.98 ± 0.43 mg L-1 of β -carotene, respectively, from 10 g L-1 of alginate as a sole carbon source. Furthermore, our engineered strain could directly convert 60 g L-1 of brown macroalgae Sargassum fusiforme into 1.23 ± 0.21 mg L-1 of lycopene without any pretreatment which had been vitally required for the previous productions. As the first demonstrated strain to produce high-value product from Sargassum, Vibrio sp. SP1 is evaluated to be a desirable platform for the brown macroalgae-based biorefinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungwoo Park
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Sung Won Cho
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Yungyu Lee
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Mincheol Choi
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Jina Yang
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, South Korea
- Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Hojun Lee
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Sang Woo Seo
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, South Korea
- Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, South Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, South Korea
- Bio-MAX Institute Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, South Korea
- Institute of Engineering Research, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, South Korea
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25
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Yang J, Cui D, Ma S, Chen W, Chen D, Shen H. Characterization of a novel PL 17 family alginate lyase with exolytic and endolytic cleavage activity from marine bacterium Microbulbifer sp. SH-1. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 169:551-563. [PMID: 33385459 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.12.196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Alginate lyases are essential tools for depolymerizing alginate into bioactive oligosaccharides and fermentable monosaccharides. Herein, we characterized a novel polysaccharide lyase AlgSH17 from marine bacterium Microbulbifer sp. SH-1. The recombinant enzyme exhibited the maximum activity at 30 °C, pH 7.0 and retained 86.20% and 65.43% of its maximum activity at 20 °C and 15 °C, respectively, indicating that AlgSH17 has an excellent cold-adapted property. The final products of AlgSH17 mainly consisted of monosaccharides with small amounts of oligosaccharides with degrees of polymerization (DP) 2-6, suggesting that AlgSH17 possesses both exolytic and endolytic activity. Degradation pattern analysis indicated that AlgSH17 could degrade DP ≥ 4 oligosaccharides into disaccharides and trisaccharides by cleaving the endo-glycosidic bonds and further digest disaccharides and trisaccharides into monosaccharides in an exolytic manner. Products distribution and molecular docking analysis revealed that AlgSH17 could cleave the glycosidic bonds between -1 and +2 within the substrate. Furthermore, The ABTS+, hydroxyl and DPPH radicals scavenging activity of the enzymatic hydrolysates prepared by AlgSH17 reached up to 91.53%, 81.23% and 61.06%, respectively, and the enzymatic hydrolysates displayed an excellent preservation effect on fresh-cut apples. The above results suggested that AlgSH17 could be utilized for the production of monosaccharides, antioxidants and food additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Yang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Dandan Cui
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Shuo Ma
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Wenkang Chen
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Diwen Chen
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Hong Shen
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Circular Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, PR China.
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26
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Cheng D, Jiang C, Xu J, Liu Z, Mao X. Characteristics and applications of alginate lyases: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 164:1304-1320. [PMID: 32745554 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.07.199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Brown algae, as the main source of alginate, are a type of marine biomass with a very high output. Alginate, a polysaccharide composed of β-D-mannuronic acid (M) and α-L-guluronic acid (G), has great potential for applications in the food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. Alginate lyases (Alys) can degrade alginate polymers into oligosaccharides or monosaccharides, resulting in a broad application field. Alys can be used for both the production of alginate oligosaccharides and the biorefinery of brown algae. In view of their important functions, an increasing number of Alys have been isolated and characterized. For better application, a comprehensive understanding of Alys is essential. Therefore, in this paper, we summarized recently discovered Alys, discussed their characteristics, and introduced their structural properties, degradation patterns and biological roles in alginate-degrading organisms. In addition, applications of Alys have been illustrated with examples. This paper provides a relatively comprehensive description of Alys, which is significant for Alys exploration and application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyang Cheng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Chengcheng Jiang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Jiachao Xu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Xiangzhao Mao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China.
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27
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Cheng W, Yan X, Xiao J, Chen Y, Chen M, Jin J, Bai Y, Wang Q, Liao Z, Chen Q. Isolation, identification, and whole genome sequence analysis of the alginate-degrading bacterium Cobetia sp. cqz5-12. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10920. [PMID: 32616809 PMCID: PMC7331586 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67921-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Alginate-degrading bacteria or alginate lyases can be used to oligomerize alginate. In this study, an alginate-degrading bacterium with high alginolytic activity was successfully screened by using Sargassum fusiforme sludge. When the strain was grown on a plate containing sodium alginate, the transparent ring diameter (D) was 2.2 cm and the ratio (D/d) of transparent ring diameter to colony diameter (d) was 8.8. After 36 h in culture at a temperature of 28 °C shaken at 150 r/min, the enzymatic activity of the fermentation supernatant reached 160 U/mL, and the enzymatic activity of the bacterial precipitate harvested was 2,645 U/mL. The strain was named Cobetia sp. cqz5-12. Its genome is circular in shape, 4,209,007 bp in size, with a 62.36% GC content. It contains 3,498 predicted coding genes, 72 tRNA genes, and 21 rRNA genes. The functional annotations for the coding genes demonstrated that there were 181 coding genes in the genome related to carbohydrate transport and metabolism and 699 coding genes with unknown functions. Three putative coding genes, alg2107, alg2108 and alg2112, related to alginate degradation were identified by analyzing the carbohydrate active enzyme (CAZy) database. Moreover, proteins Alg2107 and Alg2112 were successfully expressed and exhibited alginate lyase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Cheng
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuanyu Yan
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiali Xiao
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunyun Chen
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, People's Republic of China
| | - Minghui Chen
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiayi Jin
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Bai
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Wang
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyong Liao
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qiongzhen Chen
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, People's Republic of China.
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28
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Tang L, Wang Y, Gao S, Wu H, Wang D, Yu W, Han F. Biochemical characteristics and molecular mechanism of an exo-type alginate lyase VxAly7D and its use for the preparation of unsaturated monosaccharides. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2020; 13:99. [PMID: 32514311 PMCID: PMC7268478 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-020-01738-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As the most abundant polysaccharide in brown algae, alginate has become a promising economical material for bioethanol production. Recently, exo-type alginate lyases have received extensive attention because the unsaturated monosaccharides produced by their degradation of alginate can be easily converted into 4-deoxy-l-erythro-5-hexoseulose uronate (DEH), a promising material for bioethanol production and biorefinery systems. RESULTS In this study, we cloned and characterized an exo-type polysaccharide lyase family 7 (PL7) alginate lyase VxAly7D from the marine bacterium Vibrio xiamenensis QY104. Recombinant VxAly7D was most active at 30 °C and exhibited 21%, 46% and 90% of its highest activity at 0, 10 and 20 °C, respectively. Compared with other exo-type alginate lyases, recombinant VxAly7D was shown to be a bifunctional alginate lyase with higher specific activity towards sodium alginate, polyG and polyM (462.4 ± 0.64, 357.37 ± 0.53 and 441.94 ± 2.46 U/mg, respectively). A total of 13 μg recombinant VxAly7D could convert 3 mg sodium alginate to unsaturated monosaccharides in 1 min with a yield of 37.6%, and the yield reached 95% in 1 h. In addition, the three-dimensional structure of VxAly7D was modelled using the crystal structure of AlyA5 from Zobellia galactanivorans DsijT as the template. The action mode and the end products of the W295A mutant revealed that Trp295 is a key amino acid residue responsible for the exolytic action mode of VxAly7D. CONCLUSION Overall, our results show that VxAly7D is a PL7 exo-type alginate lyase with high activity and a high conversion rate at low/moderate temperatures, which provides a useful enzymatic tool for the development of biofuel production from brown algae and enriches the understanding of the structure and functional relationships of polysaccharide lyases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyao Tang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycoengineering, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003 China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237 China
| | - Ying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycoengineering, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003 China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237 China
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250103 Shandong China
| | - Shan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycoengineering, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003 China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237 China
| | - Hao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycoengineering, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003 China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237 China
| | - Danni Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycoengineering, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003 China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237 China
| | - Wengong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycoengineering, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003 China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237 China
| | - Feng Han
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycoengineering, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003 China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237 China
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29
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Purification and Characterization of a Novel Endolytic Alginate Lyase from Microbulbifer sp. SH-1 and Its Agricultural Application. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18040184. [PMID: 32244418 PMCID: PMC7230735 DOI: 10.3390/md18040184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Alginate, an important acidic polysaccharide in marine multicellular algae, has attracted attention as a promising biomass resource for the production of medical and agricultural chemicals. Alginate lyase is critical for saccharification and utilization of alginate. Discovering appropriate and efficient enzymes for depolymerizing alginate into fermentable fractions plays a vital role in alginate commercial exploitation. Herein, a unique alginate lyase, AlgSH7, belonging to polysaccharide lyase 7 family is purified and characterized from an alginate-utilizing bacterium Microbulbifer sp. SH-1. The purified AlgSH7 shows a specific activity of 12,908.26 U/mg, and its molecular weight is approximately 66.4 kDa. The optimal temperature and pH of AlgSH7 are 40 °C and pH 9.0, respectively. The enzyme exhibits stability at temperatures below 30 °C and within an extensive pH range of 5.0-9.0. Metal ions including Na+, K+, Al3+, and Fe3+ considerably enhance the activity of the enzyme. AlgSH7 displays a preference for poly-mannuronic acid (polyM) and a very low activity towards poly-guluronic acid (polyG). TLC and ESI-MS analysis indicated that the enzymatic hydrolysates mainly include disaccharides, trisaccharides, and tetrasaccharides. Noteworthy, the alginate oligosaccharides (AOS) prepared by AlgSH7 have an eliciting activity against chilling stress in Chinese flowering cabbage (Brassica parachinensis L.). These results suggest that AlgSH7 has a great potential to design an effective process for the production of alginate oligomers for agricultural applications.
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30
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Li S, Wang L, Jung S, Lee BS, He N, Lee MS. Biochemical Characterization of a New Oligoalginate Lyase and Its Biotechnological Application in Laminaria japonica Degradation. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:316. [PMID: 32210931 PMCID: PMC7076127 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Oligoalginate lyases catalyze the degradation of alginate polymers and oligomers into monomers, a prerequisite for biotechnological utilizing alginate. In this study, we report the cloning, expression and biochemical characterization of a new polysaccharide lyase (PL) family 17 oligoalginate lyase, OalV17, from the marine bacterium Vibrio sp. SY01. The recombinant OalV17 showed metal ion independent and detergent resistant properties. Furthermore, OalV17 is an exo-type enzyme that yields alginate monomers as the main product and recognizes alginate disaccharides as the minimal substrate. Site-directed mutagenesis followed by kinetic analysis indicates that the residue Arg231 plays a key role in substrate specificity. Furthermore, a rapid and efficient alginate monomer-producing method was developed directly from Laminaria japonica. These results suggest that OalV17 is a potential candidate for saccharification of alginate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangyong Li
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Molecular Cancer Biology Laboratory, Cellular Heterogeneity Research Center, Department of Biosystem, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Linna Wang
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Samil Jung
- Molecular Cancer Biology Laboratory, Cellular Heterogeneity Research Center, Department of Biosystem, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Beom Suk Lee
- Molecular Cancer Biology Laboratory, Cellular Heterogeneity Research Center, Department of Biosystem, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ningning He
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Myeong-Sok Lee
- Molecular Cancer Biology Laboratory, Cellular Heterogeneity Research Center, Department of Biosystem, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, South Korea
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31
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Belik A, Silchenko A, Malyarenko O, Rasin A, Kiseleva M, Kusaykin M, Ermakova S. Two New Alginate Lyases of PL7 and PL6 Families from Polysaccharide-Degrading Bacterium Formosa algae KMM 3553 T: Structure, Properties, and Products Analysis. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18020130. [PMID: 32102373 PMCID: PMC7074159 DOI: 10.3390/md18020130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A bifunctional alginate lyase (ALFA3) and mannuronate-specific alginate lyase (ALFA4) genes were found in the genome of polysaccharide-degrading marine bacterium Formosa algae KMM 3553T. They were classified to PL7 and PL6 polysaccharide lyases families and expressed in E. coli. The recombinant ALFA3 appeared to be active both on mannuronate- and guluronate-enriched alginates, as well as pure sodium mannuronate. For all substrates, optimum conditions were pH 6.0 and 35 °C; Km was 0.12 ± 0.01 mg/ml, and half-inactivation time was 30 min at 42 °C. Recombinant ALFA4 was active predominately on pure sodium mannuronate, with optimum pH 8.0 and temperature 30 °C, Km was 3.01 ± 0.05 mg/ml. It was stable up to 30 °C; half-inactivation time was 1h 40 min at 37 °C. 1H NMR analysis showed that ALFA3 degraded mannuronate and mannuronate-guluronate blocks, while ALFA4 degraded only mannuronate blocks, producing mainly disaccharides. Products of digestion of pure sodium mannuronate by ALFA3 at 200 µg/ml inhibited anchorage-independent colony formation of human melanoma cells SK-MEL-5, SK-MEL-28, and RPMI-7951 up to 17% stronger compared to native polymannuronate. This fact supports previous data and suggests that mannuronate oligosaccharides may be useful for synergic tumor therapy.
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32
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Xu B, Albert Ng TC, Huang S, Shi X, Ng HY. Feasibility of isolated novel facultative quorum quenching consortiums for fouling control in an AnMBR. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 114:151-180. [PMID: 31706123 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 478] [Impact Index Per Article: 119.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR) technology is being recognized as an appealing strategy for wastewater treatment, however, severity of membrane fouling inhibits its widespread implementations. This study engineered novel facultative quorum quenching consortiums (FQQs) coping with membrane fouling in AnMBRs with preliminary analysis for their quorum quenching (QQ) performances. Herein, Acyl-homoserine lactones (AHLs)-based quorum sensing (QS) in a lab-scale AnMBR initially revealed that N-Hexanoyl-dl-homoserine lactone (C6-HSL), N-Octanoyl-dl-homoserine lactone (C8-HSL) and N-Decanoyl-dl-homoserine lactone (C10-HSL) were the dominant AHLs in AnMBRs in this study. Three FQQs, namely, FQQ-C6, FQQ-C8 and FQQ-C10, were harvested after anaerobic screening of aerobic QQ consortiums (AeQQs) which were isolated by enrichment culture, aiming to degrade C6-HSL, C8-HSL and C10-HSL, respectively. Growth of FQQ-C6 and FQQ-C10 using AHLs as carbon source under anaerobic condition was significantly faster than those using acetate, congruously suggesting that their QQ performance will not be compromised in AnMBRs. All FQQs degraded a wide range of AHLs pinpointing their extensive QQ ability. FQQ-C6, FQQ-C8 and FQQ-C10 remarkably alleviated extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) production in a lab-scale AnMBR by 72.46%, 35.89% and 65.88%, respectively, and FQQ-C6 retarded membrane fouling of the AnMBR by 2 times. Bioinformatics analysis indicated that there was a major shift in dominant species from AeQQs to FQQs where Comamonas sp., Klebsiella sp., Stenotrophomonas sp. and Ochrobactrum sp. survived after anaerobic screening and were the majority in FQQs. High growth rate utilizing AHLs under anaerobic condition and enormous EPS retardation efficiency in FQQ-C6 and FQQ-C10 could be attributed to Comamonas sp.. These findings demonstrated that FQQs could be leveraged for QQ under anaerobic systems. We believe that this was the first work proposing a bacterial pool of facultative QQ candidates holding biotechnological promises for membrane fouling control in AnMBRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyan Xu
- Centre for Water Research, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, 1 Engineering Drive 2, Singapore, 117576
| | - Tze Chiang Albert Ng
- Centre for Water Research, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, 1 Engineering Drive 2, Singapore, 117576
| | - Shujuan Huang
- Centre for Water Research, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, 1 Engineering Drive 2, Singapore, 117576
| | - Xueqing Shi
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, 11 Fushun Road, Qingdao, 266033, PR China
| | - How Yong Ng
- Centre for Water Research, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, 1 Engineering Drive 2, Singapore, 117576; National University of Singapore Environmental Research Institute, 5A Engineering Drive 1, 117411, Singapore.
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Badur AH, Ammar EM, Yalamanchili G, Hehemann JH, Rao CV. Characterization of the GH16 and GH17 laminarinases from Vibrio breoganii 1C10. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 104:161-171. [PMID: 31754764 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-10243-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Laminarin is an abundant glucose polymer used as an energy reserve by micro- and macroalgae. Bacteria digest and consume laminarin with laminarinases. Their genomes frequently contain multiple homologs; however, the biological role for this replication remains unclear. We investigated the four laminarinases of glycoside hydrolase families GH16 and GH17 from the marine bacterium Vibrio breoganii 1C10, which can use laminarin as its sole carbon source. All four laminarinases employ an endolytic mechanism and specifically cleave the β-1,3-glycosidic bond. Two primarily produce low-molecular weight laminarin oligomers (DP 3-4) whereas the others primarily produce high-molecular weight oligomers (DP > 8), which suggests that these enzymes sequentially degrade laminarin. The results from this work provide an overview of the laminarinases from a single marine bacterium and also provide insights regarding how multiple laminarinases are used to degrade laminarin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet H Badur
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 S. Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Ehab M Ammar
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 S. Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.,Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, El Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Geethika Yalamanchili
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 S. Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Jan-Hendrik Hehemann
- MARUM MPG Bridge Group Marine Glycobiology, Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany
| | - Christopher V Rao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 S. Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
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Structural and biochemical characterisation of a novel alginate lyase from Paenibacillus sp. str. FPU-7. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14870. [PMID: 31619701 PMCID: PMC6796002 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51006-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel alginate lyase, PsAly, with a molecular mass of 33 kDa and whose amino acid sequence shares no significant similarity to other known proteins, was biochemically and structurally characterised from Paenibacillus sp. str. FPU-7. The maximum PsAly activity was obtained at 65 °C, with an optimum pH of pH 7-7.5. The activity was enhanced by divalent cations, such as Mg2+, Mn2+, or Co2+, and inhibited by a metal chelator, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. The reaction products indicated that PsAly is an endolytic enzyme with a preference for polymannuronate. Herein, we report a detailed crystal structure of PsAly at a resolution of 0.89 Å, which possesses a β-helix fold that creates a long cleft. The catalytic site was different from that of other polysaccharide lyases. Site-directed mutational analysis of conserved residues predicted Tyr184 and Lys221 as catalytic residues, abstracting from the C5 proton and providing a proton to the glycoside bond, respectively. One cation was found to bind to the bottom of the cleft and neutralise the carboxy group of the substrate, decreasing the pKa of the C5 proton to promote catalysis. Our study provides an insight into the structural basis for the catalysis of alginate lyases and β-helix polysaccharide lyases.
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Ebrahimi A, Schwartzman J, Cordero OX. Multicellular behaviour enables cooperation in microbial cell aggregates. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2019; 374:20190077. [PMID: 31587643 PMCID: PMC6792450 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2019.0077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Oligosaccharides produced from the extracellular hydrolysis of biological materials can act as common goods that promote cooperative growth in microbial populations, whereby cell–cell aggregation increases both the per capita availability of resources and the per-cell growth rate. However, aggregation can also have detrimental consequences for growth, as gradients form within aggregates limiting the resource accessibility. We built a computational model, which predicts cooperation is restricted in dense cell aggregates larger than 10 µm because of the emergence of polymer and oligomer counter gradients. We compared these predictions to experiments performed with two well-studied alginate-degrading strains of Vibrio splendidus, which varied in their ability to secrete alginate lyase. We observed that both strains can form large aggregates (less than 50 µm), overcoming diffusion limitation by rearranging their internal structure. The stronger enzyme producer grew non-cooperatively and formed aggregates with internal channels that allowed exchange between the bulk environment and the aggregate, whereas the weak enzyme producer showed strongly cooperative growth and formed dense aggregates in which cells near the core mixed by active swimming. Our simulations suggest that the mixing and channelling reduce diffusion limitation and allow cells to uniformly grow in aggregates. Together, these data demonstrate that bacterial behaviour can help overcome competition imposed by resource gradients within cell aggregates. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘Single cell ecology’.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Ebrahimi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Julia Schwartzman
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Otto X Cordero
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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The Characterization and Modification of a Novel Bifunctional and Robust Alginate Lyase Derived from Marinimicrobium sp. H1. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:md17100545. [PMID: 31547564 PMCID: PMC6835848 DOI: 10.3390/md17100545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alginase lyase is an important enzyme for the preparation of alginate oligosaccharides (AOS), that possess special biological activities and is widely used in various fields, such as medicine, food, and chemical industry. In this study, a novel bifunctional alginate lyase (AlgH) belonging to the PL7 family was screened and characterized. The AlgH exhibited the highest activity at 45 °C and pH 10.0, and was an alkaline enzyme that was stable at pH 6.0–10.0. The enzyme showed no significant dependence on metal ions, and exhibited unchanged activity at high concentration of NaCl. To determine the function of non-catalytic domains in the multi-domain enzyme, the recombinant AlgH-I containing only the catalysis domain and AlgH-II containing the catalysis domain and the carbohydrate binding module (CBM) domain were constructed and characterized. The results showed that the activity and thermostability of the reconstructed enzymes were significantly improved by deletion of the F5/8 type C domain. On the other hand, the substrate specificity and the mode of action of the reconstructed enzymes showed no change. Alginate could be completely degraded by the full-length and modified enzymes, and the main end-products were alginate disaccharide, trisaccharide, and tetrasaccharide. Due to the thermo and pH-stability, salt-tolerance, and bifunctionality, the modified alginate lyase was a robust enzyme which could be applied in industrial production of AOS.
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Fischer A, Wefers D. Chromatographic analysis of alginate degradation by five recombinant alginate lyases from Cellulophaga algicola DSM 14237. Food Chem 2019; 299:125142. [PMID: 31325715 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Alginate lyases can be used for alginate oligosaccharide production and for structural characterization or modification of alginates. For these applications it is important to obtain detailed information on mode of action and substrate specificities of alginate lyases. In this study, five alginate lyase genes were cloned from Cellulophaga algicola DSM 14237 genomic DNA, heterologously expressed, and characterized by using HPSEC-RI and HPAEC-PAD/MS. It was demonstrated that these analytical approaches can provide detailed information on preferred substrates, extent of hydrolysis, and the liberated products. The recombinant enzymes cleaved alginates endolytically (CaAly1, CaAly2, CaAly3) or exolytically (CaAly4, CaAly5). The three endolytic alginate lyases predominantly hydrolyzed guluronic acid-rich alginates, only CaAly1 also showed activity on mannuronic acid-rich alginates. The oligosaccharide profiles further demonstrated that the endolytic enzymes have rather narrow but slightly different substrate specificities and that the two exolytic alginate lyases mainly cleaved unsaturated guluronic acid oligosaccharides to monomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Fischer
- Department of Food Chemistry and Phytochemistry, Institute of Applied Biosciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Adenauerring 20a, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Daniel Wefers
- Department of Food Chemistry and Phytochemistry, Institute of Applied Biosciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Adenauerring 20a, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
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Carbohydrate metabolism genes dominant in a subtropical marine mangrove ecosystem revealed by metagenomics analysis. J Microbiol 2019; 57:575-586. [DOI: 10.1007/s12275-019-8679-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Vuoristo KS, Fredriksen L, Oftebro M, Arntzen MØ, Aarstad OA, Stokke R, Steen IH, Hansen LD, Schüller RB, Aachmann FL, Horn SJ, Eijsink VGH. Production, Characterization, and Application of an Alginate Lyase, AMOR_PL7A, from Hot Vents in the Arctic Mid-Ocean Ridge. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:2936-2945. [PMID: 30781951 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b07190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Enzymatic depolymerization of seaweed polysaccharides is gaining interest for the production of functional oligosaccharides and fermentable sugars. We describe a thermostable alginate lyase belonging to Polysaccharide Lyase family 7 (PL7), which can be used to degrade brown seaweed, Saccharina latissima, at conditions also suitable for a commercial cellulase cocktail (Cellic CTec2). This enzyme, AMOR_PL7A, is a β-d-mannuronate specific (EC 4.2.2.3) endoacting alginate lyase, which degrades alginate and poly mannuronate within a broad range of pH, temperature and salinity. At 65 °C and pH 6.0, its Km and kcat values for sodium alginate are 0.51 ± 0.09 mg/mL and 7.8 ± 0.3 s-1 respectively. Degradation of seaweed with blends of Cellic CTec2 and AMOR_PL7A at 55 °C in seawater showed that the lyase efficiently reduces viscosity and increases glucose solublization. Thus, AMOR_PL7A may be useful in development of efficient protocols for enzymatic seaweed processing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lasse Fredriksen
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science , Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU) , P.O. Box 5003, N-1432 Aas , Norway
| | - Maren Oftebro
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science , Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU) , P.O. Box 5003, N-1432 Aas , Norway
| | - Magnus Ø Arntzen
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science , Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU) , P.O. Box 5003, N-1432 Aas , Norway
| | - Olav A Aarstad
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science , NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology , Sem Sælands vei 6/8 , N-7491 Trondheim , Norway
| | - Runar Stokke
- Department of Biological Sciences and KG Jebsen Centre for Deep Sea Research , University of Bergen , N-5020 Bergen , Norway
| | - Ida H Steen
- Department of Biological Sciences and KG Jebsen Centre for Deep Sea Research , University of Bergen , N-5020 Bergen , Norway
| | - Line Degn Hansen
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science , Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU) , P.O. Box 5003, N-1432 Aas , Norway
| | - Reidar B Schüller
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science , Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU) , P.O. Box 5003, N-1432 Aas , Norway
| | - Finn L Aachmann
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science , NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology , Sem Sælands vei 6/8 , N-7491 Trondheim , Norway
| | - Svein J Horn
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science , Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU) , P.O. Box 5003, N-1432 Aas , Norway
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Ito M, Watanabe K, Maruyama T, Mori T, Niwa K, Chow S, Takeyama H. Enrichment of bacteria and alginate lyase genes potentially involved in brown alga degradation in the gut of marine gastropods. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2129. [PMID: 30765748 PMCID: PMC6375959 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-38356-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut bacteria of phytophagous and omnivorous marine invertebrates often possess alginate lyases (ALGs), which are key enzymes for utilizing macroalgae as carbon neutral biomass. We hypothesized that the exclusive feeding of a target alga to marine invertebrates would shift the gut bacterial diversity suitable for degrading the algal components. To test this hypothesis, we reared sea hare (Dolabella auricularia) and sea snail (Batillus cornutus) for two to four weeks with exclusive feeding of a brown alga (Ecklonia cava). Pyrosequencing analysis of the gut bacterial 16S rRNA genes revealed shifts in the gut microbiota after rearing, mainly due to a decrease in the variety of bacterial members. Significant increases in six and four 16S rRNA gene phylotypes were observed in the reared sea hares and sea snails, respectively, and some of them were phylogenetically close to known alginate-degrading bacteria. Clone library analysis of PL7 family ALG genes using newly designed degenerate primer sets detected a total of 50 ALG gene phylotypes based on 90% amino acid identity. The number of ALG gene phylotypes increased in the reared sea hare but decreased in reared sea snail samples, and no phylotype was shared between them. Out of the 50 phylotypes, 15 were detected only after the feeding procedure. Thus, controlled feeding strategy may be valid and useful for the efficient screening of genes suitable for target alga fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michihiro Ito
- Research Organization for Nano & Life Innovation, Waseda University, 513 Wasedatsurumaki-cho, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 162-0041, Japan
- Tropical Biosphere Research Center, University of the Ryukyus, 1 Senbaru, Nishihara, Okinawa, 903-0213, Japan
| | - Kotaro Watanabe
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsu-cho, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 162-8480, Japan
| | - Toru Maruyama
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsu-cho, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 162-8480, Japan
| | - Tetsushi Mori
- International Center for Science and Engineering Programs, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 169-8555, Japan
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8588, Japan
| | - Kentaro Niwa
- National Research Institute of Fisheries Science, 2-12-4 Fukuura, Kanazawa, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-8648, Japan
| | - Seinen Chow
- National Research Institute of Fisheries Science, 2-12-4 Fukuura, Kanazawa, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-8648, Japan
| | - Haruko Takeyama
- Research Organization for Nano & Life Innovation, Waseda University, 513 Wasedatsurumaki-cho, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 162-0041, Japan.
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsu-cho, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 162-8480, Japan.
- Institute for Advanced Research of Biosystem Dynamics, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsu-cho, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 162-8480, Japan.
- Computational Bio Big-Data Open Innovation Laboratory, AIST-Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 169-0072, Japan.
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Sun X, Shen W, Gao Y, Cai M, Zhou M, Zhang Y. Heterologous expression and purification of a marine alginate lyase in Escherichia coli. Protein Expr Purif 2019; 153:97-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Li J, Cai C, Yang C, Li J, Sun T, Yu G. Recent Advances in Pharmaceutical Potential of Brown Algal Polysaccharides and their Derivatives. Curr Pharm Des 2019; 25:1290-1311. [PMID: 31237200 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190618143952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Marine plants, animals and microorganisms display steady growth in the ocean and are abundant carbohydrate resources. Specifically, natural polysaccharides obtained from brown algae have been drawing increasing attention owing to their great potential in pharmaceutical applications. This review describes the structural and biological features of brown algal polysaccharides, including alginates, fucoidans, and laminarins, and it highlights recently developed approaches used to obtain the oligo- and polysaccharides with defined structures. Functional modification of these polysaccharides promotes their advanced applications in biomedical materials for controlled release and targeted drug delivery, etc. Moreover, brown algal polysaccharides and their derivatives possess numerous biological activities with anticancer, anticoagulant, wound healing, and antiviral properties. In addition, we also discuss carbohydrate- based substrates from brown algae, which are currently in clinical and preclinical studies, as well as the marine drugs that are already on the market. The present review summarizes the recent development in carbohydratebased products from brown algae, with promising findings that could rapidly facilitate the future discovery of novel marine drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education & Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Chao Cai
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education & Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Chendong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education & Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Jianghua Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education & Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Tiantian Sun
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education & Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Guangli Yu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education & Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266003, China
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Lu D, Zhang Q, Wang S, Guan J, Jiao R, Han N, Han W, Li F. Biochemical characteristics and synergistic effect of two novel alginate lyases from Photobacterium sp. FC615. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2019; 12:260. [PMID: 31700543 PMCID: PMC6827250 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-019-1600-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Macroalgae and microalgae, as feedstocks for third-generation biofuel, possess competitive strengths in terms of cost, technology and economics. The most important compound in brown macroalgae is alginate, and the synergistic effect of endolytic and exolytic alginate lyases plays a crucial role in the saccharification process of transforming alginate into biofuel. However, there are few studies on the synergistic effect of endolytic and exolytic alginate lyases, especially those from the same bacterial strain. RESULTS In this study, the endolytic alginate lyase AlyPB1 and exolytic alginate lyase AlyPB2 were identified from the marine bacterium Photobacterium sp. FC615. These two enzymes showed quite different and novel enzymatic properties whereas behaved a strong synergistic effect on the saccharification of alginate. Compared to that when AlyPB2 was used alone, the conversion rate of alginate polysaccharides to unsaturated monosaccharides when AlyPB1 and AlyPB2 acted on alginate together was dramatically increased approximately sevenfold. Furthermore, we found that AlyPB1 and AlyPB2 acted the synergistic effect basing on the complementarity of their substrate degradation patterns, particularly due to their M-/G-preference and substrate-size dependence. In addition, a novel method for sequencing alginate oligosaccharides was developed for the first time by combining the 1H NMR spectroscopy and the enzymatic digestion with the exo-lyase AlyPB2, and this method is much simpler than traditional methods based on one- and two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy. Using this strategy, the sequences of the final tetrasaccharide and pentasaccharide product fractions produced by AlyPB1 were easily determined: the tetrasaccharide fractions contained two structures, ΔGMM and ΔMMM, at a molar ratio of 1:3.2, and the pentasaccharide fractions contained four structures, ΔMMMM, ΔMGMM, ΔGMMM, and ΔGGMM, at a molar ratio of ~ 1:1.5:3.5:5.25. CONCLUSIONS The identification of these two novel alginate lyases provides not only excellent candidate tool-type enzymes for oligosaccharide preparation but also a good model for studying the synergistic digestion and saccharification of alginate in biofuel production. The novel method for oligosaccharide sequencing described in this study will offer a very useful approach for structural and functional studies on alginate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danrong Lu
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Rd, Qingdao, 266200 People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingdong Zhang
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Rd, Qingdao, 266200 People’s Republic of China
| | - Shumin Wang
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Rd, Qingdao, 266200 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingwen Guan
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Rd, Qingdao, 266200 People’s Republic of China
| | - Runmiao Jiao
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Rd, Qingdao, 266200 People’s Republic of China
| | - Naihan Han
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Rd, Qingdao, 266200 People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenjun Han
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Rd, Qingdao, 266200 People’s Republic of China
| | - Fuchuan Li
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Rd, Qingdao, 266200 People’s Republic of China
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Carda-Diéguez M, Silva-Hernández FX, Hubbard TP, Chao MC, Waldor MK, Amaro C. Comprehensive identification of Vibrio vulnificus genes required for growth in human serum. Virulence 2018; 9:981-993. [PMID: 29697309 PMCID: PMC6037467 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2018.1455464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Vibrio vulnificus can be a highly invasive pathogen capable of spreading from an infection site to the bloodstream, causing sepsis and death. To survive and proliferate in blood, the pathogen requires mechanisms to overcome the innate immune defenses and metabolic limitations of this host niche. We created a high-density transposon mutant library in YJ016, a strain representative of the most virulent V. vulnificus lineage (or phylogroup) and used transposon insertion sequencing (TIS) screens to identify loci that enable the pathogen to survive and proliferate in human serum. Initially, genes underrepresented for insertions were used to estimate the V. vulnificus essential gene set; comparisons of these genes with similar TIS-based classification of underrepresented genes in other vibrios enabled the compilation of a common Vibrio essential gene set. Analysis of the relative abundance of insertion mutants in the library after exposure to serum suggested that genes involved in capsule biogenesis are critical for YJ016 complement resistance. Notably, homologues of two genes required for YJ016 serum-resistance and capsule biogenesis were not previously linked to capsule biogenesis and are largely absent from other V. vulnificus strains. The relative abundance of mutants after exposure to heat inactivated serum was compared with the findings from the serum screen. These comparisons suggest that in both conditions the pathogen relies on its Na+ transporting NADH-ubiquinone reductase (NQR) complex and type II secretion system to survive/proliferate within the metabolic constraints of serum. Collectively, our findings reveal the potency of comparative TIS screens to provide knowledge of how a pathogen overcomes the diverse limitations to growth imposed by serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Carda-Diéguez
- a Department of Microbiology and Ecology , University of Valencia. Dr. Moliner 50 , Burjassot , Spain.,b ERI BIOTECMED , Universitat de València. Dr Moliner 50 , Burjassot , Spain
| | - F X Silva-Hernández
- a Department of Microbiology and Ecology , University of Valencia. Dr. Moliner 50 , Burjassot , Spain
| | - T P Hubbard
- c Division of Infectious Disease , Brigham and Women's Hospital , Boston , Massachusetts , United States of America.,e Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology , Harvard Medical School , Boston , Massachusetts , United States of America
| | - M C Chao
- c Division of Infectious Disease , Brigham and Women's Hospital , Boston , Massachusetts , United States of America.,d Howard Hughes Medical Institute , Boston , Massachusetts , United States of America.,e Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology , Harvard Medical School , Boston , Massachusetts , United States of America
| | - M K Waldor
- c Division of Infectious Disease , Brigham and Women's Hospital , Boston , Massachusetts , United States of America.,d Howard Hughes Medical Institute , Boston , Massachusetts , United States of America.,e Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology , Harvard Medical School , Boston , Massachusetts , United States of America
| | - C Amaro
- a Department of Microbiology and Ecology , University of Valencia. Dr. Moliner 50 , Burjassot , Spain.,b ERI BIOTECMED , Universitat de València. Dr Moliner 50 , Burjassot , Spain
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Zhuang J, Zhang K, Liu X, Liu W, Lyu Q, Ji A. Characterization of a Novel PolyM-Preferred Alginate Lyase from Marine Vibrio splendidus OU02. Mar Drugs 2018; 16:md16090295. [PMID: 30135412 PMCID: PMC6165035 DOI: 10.3390/md16090295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Alginate lyases are enzymes that degrade alginate into oligosaccharides which possess a variety of biological activities. Discovering and characterizing novel alginate lyases has great significance for industrial and medical applications. In this study, we reported a novel alginate lyase, AlyA-OU02, derived from the marine Vibrio splendidus OU02. The BLASTP searches showed that AlyA-OU02 belonged to polysaccharide lyase family 7 (PL7) and contained two consecutive PL7 domains, which was rare among the alginate lyases in PL7 family. Both the two domains, AlyAa and AlyAb, had lyase activities, while AlyAa exhibited polyM preference, and AlyAb was polyG-preferred. In addition, the enzyme activity of AlyAa was much higher than AlyAb at 25 °C. The full-length enzyme of AlyA-OU02 showed polyM preference, which was the same as AlyAa. AlyAa degraded alginate into di-, tri-, and tetra-alginate oligosaccharides, while AlyAb degraded alginate into tri-, tetra-, and penta-alginate oligosaccharides. The degraded products of AlyA-OU02 were similar to AlyAa. Our work provided a potential candidate in the application of alginate oligosaccharide production and the characterization of the two domains might provide insights into the use of alginate of this organism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Keke Zhang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Xiaohua Liu
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Weizhi Liu
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Qianqian Lyu
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Aiguo Ji
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China.
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China.
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Belik AA, Silchenko AS, Kusaykin MI, Zvyagintseva TN, Ermakova SP. Alginate Lyases: Substrates, Structure, Properties, and Prospects of Application. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162018040040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Biochemical characterization of an ulvan lyase from the marine flavobacterium Formosa agariphila KMM 3901 T. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:6987-6996. [PMID: 29948117 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9142-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Carbohydrates are the product of carbon dioxide fixation by algae in the ocean. Their polysaccharides are depolymerized by marine bacteria, with a vast array of carbohydrate-active enzymes. These enzymes are important tools to establish biotechnological processes based on algal biomass. Green tides, which cover coastal areas with huge amounts of algae from the genus Ulva, represent a globally rising problem, but also an opportunity because their biomass could be used in biorefinery processes. One major component of their cell walls is the anionic polysaccharide ulvan for which the enzymatic depolymerization remains largely unknown. Ulvan lyases catalyze the initial depolymerization step of this polysaccharide, but only a few of these enzymes have been described. Here, we report the cloning, overexpression, purification, and detailed biochemical characterization of the endolytic ulvan lyase from Formosa agariphila KMM 3901T which is a member of the polysaccharide lyase family PL28. The identified biochemical parameters of the ulvan lyase reflect adaptation to the temperate ocean where the bacterium was isolated from a macroalgal surface. The NaCl concentration has a high influence on the turnover number of the enzyme and the affinity to ulvan. Divalent cations were shown to be essential for enzyme activity with Ca2+ likely being the native cofactor of the ulvan lyase. This study contributes to the understanding of ulvan lyases, which will be useful for future biorefinery applications of the abundant marine polysaccharide ulvan.
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Characterization of a Novel Alginate Lyase from Marine Bacterium Vibrio furnissii H1. Mar Drugs 2018; 16:md16010030. [PMID: 29342949 PMCID: PMC5793078 DOI: 10.3390/md16010030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Alginate lyases show great potential for industrial and medicinal applications, especially as an attractive biocatalyst for the production of oligosaccharides with special bioactivities. A novel alginate lyase, AlyH1, from the marine bacterium Vibrio furnissii H1, which has been newly isolated from rotten seaweed, was purified and characterized. The purified enzyme showed the specific activity of 2.40 U/mg. Its molecular mass was 35.8 kDa. The optimal temperature and pH were 40 °C and pH 7.5, respectively. AlyH1 maintained stability at neutral pH (7.0–8.0) and temperatures below 30 °C. Metal ions Na+, Mg2+, and K+ increased the activity of the enzyme. With sodium alginate as the substrate, the Km and Vmax values of AlyH1 were 2.28 mg/mL and 2.81 U/mg, respectively. AlyH1 exhibited activities towards both polyguluronate and polymannuronate, and preferentially degraded polyguluronate. Products prepared from sodium alginate by AlyH1 were displayed to be di-, tri-, and tetra-alginate oligosaccharides. A partial amino acid sequence (190 aa) of AlyH1 analysis suggested that AlyH1 was an alginate lyase of polysaccharide lyase family 7. The sequence showed less than 77% identity to the reported alginate lyases. These data demonstrated that AlyH1 could be as a novel and potential candidate in application of alginate oligosaccharides production with low polymerization degrees.
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Biochemical Characteristics and Variable Alginate-Degrading Modes of a Novel Bifunctional Endolytic Alginate Lyase. Appl Environ Microbiol 2017; 83:AEM.01608-17. [PMID: 28939598 PMCID: PMC5691422 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01608-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bifunctional alginate lyases can efficiently degrade alginate comprised of mannuronate (M) and guluronate (G), but their substrate-degrading modes have not been thoroughly elucidated to date. In this study, we present Aly1 as a novel bifunctional endolytic alginate lyase of the genus Flammeovirga. The recombinant enzyme showed optimal activity at 50°C and pH 6.0. The enzyme produced unsaturated disaccharide (UDP2) and trisaccharide fractions as the final main alginate digests. Primary substrate preference tests and further structure identification of various size-defined final oligosaccharide products demonstrated that Aly1 is a bifunctional alginate lyase and prefers G to M. Tetrasaccharide-size fractions are the smallest substrates, and M, G, and UDP2 fractions are the minimal product types. Remarkably, Aly1 can vary its substrate-degrading modes in accordance with the terminus types, molecular sizes, and M/G contents of alginate substrates, producing a series of small size-defined saturated oligosaccharide products from the nonreducing ends of single or different saturated sugar chains and yielding unsaturated products in distinct but restricted patterns. The action mode changes can be partially inhibited by fluorescent labeling at the reducing ends of oligosaccharide substrates. Deletion of the noncatalytic region (NCR) of Aly1 caused weak changes of biochemical characteristics but increased the degradation proportions of small size-defined saturated M-enriched oligosaccharide substrates and unsaturated tetrasaccharide fractions without any size changes of degradable oligosaccharides, thereby enhancing the M preference and enzyme activity. Therefore, our results provided insight into the variable action mode of a novel bifunctional endolytic alginate lyase to inform accurate enzyme use. IMPORTANCE The elucidated endolytic alginate lyases usually degrade substrates into various size-defined unsaturated oligosaccharide products (≥UDP2), and exolytic enzymes yield primarily unsaturated monosaccharide products. However, it is poorly understood whether endolytic enzymes can produce monosaccharide product types when degrading alginate. In this study, we demonstrated that Aly1, a bifunctional alginate lyase of Flammeovirga sp. strain MY04, is endolytic and monosaccharide producing. Using various sugar chains as testing substrates, we also proved that key factors causing Aly1's action mode changes are the terminus types, molecular sizes, and M/G contents of substrates. Furthermore, the NCR fragment's effects on Aly1's biochemical characteristics and alginate-degrading modes and corresponding mechanisms were discovered by gene truncation and enzyme comparison. In summary, this study provides a novel bifunctional endolytic tool and a variable action mode for accurate use in alginate degradation.
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