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Wang J, Deng L, Chen M, Che Y, Li L, Zhu L, Chen G, Feng T. Phytogenic feed additives as natural antibiotic alternatives in animal health and production: A review of the literature of the last decade. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2024; 17:244-264. [PMID: 38800730 PMCID: PMC11127233 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2024.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
The use of antibiotics in animal production raises great public safety concerns; therefore, there is an urgent need for the development of substitutes for antibiotics. In recent decades, plant-derived feed additives have been widely investigated as antibiotic alternatives for use in animal health and production because they exert multiple biological functions and are less likely to induce resistance development. This review summarizes the research history and classification of phytogenic feed additives and their main functions, potential modes of action, influencing factors, and potential negative effects. Further, we highlight the challenges in developing sustainable, safe, and affordable plant-derived antibiotic alternatives for use in livestock production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
- Sino-US Joint Laboratory of Animal Science, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Lufang Deng
- Feed Branch of Beijing Sanyuan Breeding Technology Co., Ltd, Beijing 101105, China
| | - Meixia Chen
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
- Sino-US Joint Laboratory of Animal Science, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Yuyan Che
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Lu Li
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
- College of Life Science and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056038, China
| | - Longlong Zhu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Guoshun Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Tao Feng
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
- Sino-US Joint Laboratory of Animal Science, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
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2
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Dewi G, Manjankattil S, Peichel C, Johnson TJ, Noll S, Cardona C, Kollanoor Johny A. Combination of autochthonous Lactobacillus strains and trans-Cinnamaldehyde in water reduces Salmonella Heidelberg in turkey poults. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1337428. [PMID: 38511002 PMCID: PMC10951058 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1337428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Reducing the colonization of Salmonella in turkeys is critical to mitigating the risk of its contamination at later stages of production. Given the increased susceptibility of newly hatched poults to Salmonella colonization, it is crucial to implement interventions that target potential transmission routes, including drinking water. As no individual intervention explored to date is known to eliminate Salmonella, the United States Department of Agriculture-Food Safety Inspection Service (USDA-FSIS) recommends employing multiple hurdles to achieve a more meaningful reduction and minimize the potential emergence of resistance. Probiotics and plant-derived antimicrobials (PDAs) have demonstrated efficacy as interventions against Salmonella in poultry. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the use of turkey-derived Lactobacillus probiotics (LB; a mixture of Lactobacillus salivarius UMNPBX2 and L. ingluviei UMNPBX19 isolated from turkey ileum) and a PDA, trans-cinnamaldehyde (TC), alone and in combination (CO), against S. Heidelberg in turkey drinking water and poults. The presence of 5% nutrient broth or cecal contents as contaminants in water resulted in S. Heidelberg growth. TC eliminated S. Heidelberg, regardless of the contaminants present. In contrast, the cecal contents led to increased survival of Lactobacillus in the CO group. Unlike TC, LB was most effective against S. Heidelberg when the nutrient broth was present, suggesting the role of secondary metabolites in its mechanism of action. In the experiments with poults, individual TC and LB supplementation reduced cecal S. Heidelberg in challenged poults by 1.2- and 1.7-log10 colony-forming units (CFU)/g cecal contents, respectively. Their combination yielded an additive effect, reducing S. Heidelberg by 2.7 log10 CFU/g of cecal contents compared to the control (p ≤ 0.05). However, the impact of TC and LB on the translocation of S. Heidelberg to the liver was more significant than CO. TC and LB are effective preharvest interventions against S. Heidelberg in poultry production. Nonetheless, further investigations are needed to determine the optimum application method and its efficacy in adult turkeys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Dewi
- Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, United States
| | | | - Claire Peichel
- Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, United States
| | - Timothy J. Johnson
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, United States
| | - Sally Noll
- Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, United States
| | - Carol Cardona
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, United States
| | - Anup Kollanoor Johny
- Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, United States
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3
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Gast RK, Dittoe DK, Ricke SC. Salmonella in eggs and egg-laying chickens: pathways to effective control. Crit Rev Microbiol 2024; 50:39-63. [PMID: 36583653 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2022.2156772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Eggs contaminated with Salmonella have been internationally significant sources of human illness for several decades. Most egg-associated illness has been attributed to Salmonella serovar Enteritidis, but a few other serovars (notably S. Heidelberg and S. Typhimurium) are also sometimes implicated. The edible interior contents of eggs typically become contaminated with S. Enteritidis because the pathogen's unique virulence attributes enable it to colonize reproductive tissues in systemically infected laying hens. Other serovars are more commonly associated with surface contamination of eggshells. Both research and field experience have demonstrated that the most effective overall Salmonella control strategy in commercial laying flocks is the application of multiple interventions throughout the egg production cycle. At the preharvest (egg production) level, intervention options of demonstrated efficacy include vaccination and gastrointestinal colonization control via treatments such as prebiotics, probiotics, and bacteriophages, Effective environmental management of housing systems used for commercial laying flocks is also essential for minimizing opportunities for the introduction, transmission, and persistence of Salmonella in laying flocks. At the postharvest (egg processing and handling) level, careful regulation of egg storage temperatures is critical for limiting Salmonella multiplication inside the interior contents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard K Gast
- U.S. National Poultry Research Center, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Dana K Dittoe
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Meat Science and Animal Biologics Discovery Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Steven C Ricke
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Meat Science and Animal Biologics Discovery Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
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Lyte JM, Arsi K, Caputi V, Liyanage R, Assumpcao ALFV, Jesudhasan PRR, Donoghue AM. Inclusion of trans-cinnamaldehyde and caprylic acid in feed results in detectable concentrations in the chicken gut and reduces foodborne pathogen carriage. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103368. [PMID: 38157787 PMCID: PMC10765295 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Poultry act as a major reservoir host for Salmonella and Campylobacter spp., the 2 leading causes of foodborne illnesses globally and in the United States. Preharvest stage interventions to reduce foodborne pathogen carriage in poultry are increasingly informed by consumer preference for antibiotic-free poultry production. The in-feed inclusion of plant-derived antimicrobial compounds is a promising antibiotic alternative strategy to reduce foodborne pathogen load in the broiler chicken gut. Yet, the fate of these phytochemicals through the broiler chicken gastrointestinal tract is unknown. Likewise, while in-feed phytochemicals have been widely demonstrated in challenge models to reduce foodborne pathogen carriage, little is known regarding efficacy to curb natural routes of infection. As such, the aim of the present study was 2-fold. We sought to determine the concentrations of 2 phytochemicals, trans-cinnamaldehyde and caprylic acid, in each region of the chicken gastrointestinal tract following their in-feed inclusion over a 6-wk production period. In addition, we investigated how the in-feed provision of these phytochemicals may protect against environmental acquisition of Campylobacter jejuni and Salmonella spp. Trans-cinnamaldehyde and caprylic acid were detected in crop, gizzard, duodenal, jejunal, and ileal contents. Crop and gizzard concentrations were not significantly (P > 0.05) different. A significant (P < 0.05) decrease in phytochemical concentration was observed in intestinal regions compared to crop and gizzard. Trans-cinnamaldehyde was consistently identified in cecal and colon contents, while caprylic acid was not detectable in these regions. Trans-cinnamaldehyde and caprylic acid were found to reduce (P < 0.05) Salmonella load. Together, our data establish that the in-feed addition of trans-cinnamaldehyde and caprylic acid, 2 phytochemicals that have previously been shown to exert antimicrobial activity against poultry-associated foodborne pathogens, results in detectable concentrations in the broiler chicken gastrointestinal tract. By providing researchers with a gastrointestinal region-by-region map of phytochemical concentrations, the present study is expected to inform the choice of in-feed phytochemicals targeting foodborne pathogen carriage in the broiler chicken gastrointestinal tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua M Lyte
- Poultry Production and Product Safety Research, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Komala Arsi
- Poultry Production and Product Safety Research, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA.
| | - Valentina Caputi
- Poultry Production and Product Safety Research, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Rohana Liyanage
- Statewide Mass Spectrometry Lab, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | | | - Palmy R R Jesudhasan
- Poultry Production and Product Safety Research, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Annie M Donoghue
- Poultry Production and Product Safety Research, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
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Patil V, Hedau M, Kaore M, Badar S, Kadam M, Chaudhari S, Rawool D, Barbuddhe S, Vergis J, Kurkure N. Potential of cinnamaldehyde essential oil as a possible antimicrobial against fowl typhoid in layers. Trop Anim Health Prod 2023; 55:126. [PMID: 36944831 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-023-03543-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Fowl typhoid (FT) is an economically significant bacterial disease of layers leading to a drastic drop in egg production. Due to increased public health concerns about antibiotics in poultry feed, a search for new safe antimicrobials for treating fowl typhoid is crucial. The antimicrobial effect of cinnamaldehyde essential oil (CnEO) against fowl typhoid in layers was investigated in this experiment. The 60-week-old BV300-layer birds (n = 100) were divided into five groups: the non-challenged control group A, only cinnamaldehyde-treated group B (CnEO @ 1:8000 dilutions through drinking water for 60 days), the challenged group C, challenged plus cinnamaldehyde therapy group D (CnEO @ 1:8000 dilutions through drinking water from 16 to 30 dpi), and challenged plus antibiotic therapy group E (chloramphenicol @ 1 gm/5lit through drinking water from 16 to 30 dpi). Hens from all challenged groups were challenged with Salmonella Gallinarum (VTCCBAA588) @ 1 × 108 CFU/ml orally. Various parameters such as clinical signs, mortality, egg production and egg weight, colony-forming unit (CFU) count of cecal content, eggshell surface, and egg yolk were evaluated all through 60 days of an experimental trial. Results indicated that, in the case of the cinnamaldehyde therapeutic group, there was a significant improvement in egg production, mild clinical signs, lower feed conversion ratio (FCR), and a significantly lower bacterial count in ceca and on the eggshell surface compared to the control challenge group. Thus, CnEO @ 1:8000 dilutions through drinking water can be a potential antimicrobial for controlling fowl typhoid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaibhav Patil
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Nagpur Veterinary College, Maharashtra Animal and Fishery Sciences University, Seminary Hills, Nagpur, 440006, Maharashtra, India
| | - Madhuri Hedau
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Nagpur Veterinary College, Maharashtra Animal and Fishery Sciences University, Seminary Hills, Nagpur, 440006, Maharashtra, India
| | - Megha Kaore
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Nagpur Veterinary College, Maharashtra Animal and Fishery Sciences University, Seminary Hills, Nagpur, 440006, Maharashtra, India
| | - Shweta Badar
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Nagpur Veterinary College, Maharashtra Animal and Fishery Sciences University, Seminary Hills, Nagpur, 440006, Maharashtra, India
| | - Mukund Kadam
- Department of Poultry Sciences, Nagpur Veterinary College, Maharashtra Animal and Fishery Sciences University, Nagpur, 440006, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sandeep Chaudhari
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Nagpur Veterinary College, Maharashtra Animal and Fishery Sciences University, Nagpur, 440006, Maharashtra, India
| | - Deepak Rawool
- ICAR-National Research Centre On Meat, Chengicherla, Hyderabad, 500 092, Telanagana, India
| | - Sukhadeo Barbuddhe
- ICAR-National Research Centre On Meat, Chengicherla, Hyderabad, 500 092, Telanagana, India
| | - Jess Vergis
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pookode Kerala Veterinary, and Animal Sciences University, Wayanad, Kerala, 673 576, India
| | - Nitin Kurkure
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Nagpur Veterinary College, Maharashtra Animal and Fishery Sciences University, Seminary Hills, Nagpur, 440006, Maharashtra, India.
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Feng J, Lu M, Ma L, Zhang H, Wu S, Qiu K, Min Y, Qi G, Wang J. Uterine inflammation status modulates eggshell mineralization via calcium transport and matrix protein synthesis in laying hens. ANIMAL NUTRITION 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2023.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
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Allen J, Balasubramanian B, Rankin K, Shah T, Donoghue AM, Upadhyaya I, Sartini B, Luo Y, Upadhyay A. Trans-cinnamaldehyde nanoemulsion wash inactivates Salmonella Enteritidis on shelled eggs without affecting egg color. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102523. [PMID: 36796244 PMCID: PMC9958492 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella Enteritidis is a major foodborne pathogen that causes enteric illnesses in humans, primarily through the consumption of contaminated poultry meat and eggs. Despite implementation of traditional disinfection approaches to reduce S. Enteritidis contamination, egg-borne outbreaks continue to occur, raising public health concerns and adversely affecting the popularity and profitability for the poultry industry. Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) status phytochemicals such as Trans-cinnamaldehyde (TC) have previously shown to exhibit anti-Salmonella efficacy, however, the low solubility of TC is a major hurdle in its adoption as an egg wash treatment. Therefore, the present study investigated the efficacy of Trans-cinnamaldehyde nanoemulsions (TCNE) prepared with emulsifiers Tween 80 (Tw.80) or Gum Arabic and lecithin (GAL) as dip treatments, at 34°C, for reducing S. Enteritidis on shelled eggs in presence or absence of 5% chicken litter. In addition, the efficacy of TCNE dip treatments in reducing trans-shell migration of S. Enteritidis across shell barrier was investigated. The effect of wash treatments on shell color were evaluated on d 0, 1, 7, and 14 of refrigerated storage. TCNE-Tw.80 or GAL treatments (0.06, 0.12, 0.24, 0.48%) were effective in inactivating S. Enteritidis by at least 2 to 2.5 log cfu/egg as early as 1 min of washing time (P < 0.05). In presence of organic matter, nanoemulsions (0.48%) reduced S. Enteritidis counts by ∼ 2 to 2.5 log cfu/egg as early as 1 min, (P < 0.05). Nanoemulsion wash also inhibited trans-shell migration of S. Enteritidis, as compared to control (P < 0.05). The nanoemulsion wash treatments did not affect shell color (P > 0.05). Results suggest that TCNE could potentially be used as an antimicrobial wash to reduce S. Enteritidis on shelled eggs, although further studies investigating the effect of TCNE wash treatments on organoleptic properties of eggs are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Allen
- University of Connecticut, Department of Animal Science, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - B Balasubramanian
- University of Connecticut, Department of Animal Science, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - K Rankin
- University of Connecticut, Department of Animal Science, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - T Shah
- University of Connecticut, Department of Animal Science, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - A M Donoghue
- USDA-ARS, Poultry Production and Product Safety Research, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - I Upadhyaya
- University of Connecticut, Department of Extension, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - B Sartini
- University of Rhode Island, Department of Fisheries, Animal & Veterinary Science, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Y Luo
- University of Connecticut, Department of Nutritional Sciences, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - A Upadhyay
- University of Connecticut, Department of Animal Science, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
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Yin L, Dai Y, Chen H, He X, Ouyang P, Huang X, Sun X, Ai Y, Lai S, Zhu L, Xu Z. Cinnamaldehyde Resist Salmonella Typhimurium Adhesion by Inhibiting Type I Fimbriae. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27227753. [PMID: 36431853 PMCID: PMC9699031 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27227753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium), a common foodborne pathogen, severely harms the public and food security. Type I fimbriae (T1F) of S. Typhimurium, plays a crucial role in the pathogenic processes; it mediates the adhesion of bacteria to the mannose receptor on the host cell, assists the bacteria to invade the host cell, and triggers an inflammatory response. Cinnamaldehyde is the main ingredient in cinnamon essential oil. In this study, cinnamaldehyde was demonstrated to inhibit the expression of T1F by hemagglutination inhibition test, transmission electron microscopy, and biofilms. The mechanism of cinnamaldehyde action was studied by proteomics technology, PCR and Western blotting. The results showed that cinnamaldehyde can inhibit T1F in S. typhimurium without the growth of bacteria, by regulating the level of expression and transcription of fimA, fimZ, fimY, fimH and fimW. Proteomics results showed that cinnamaldehyde downregulated the subunits and regulators of T1F. In addition, the invasion assays proved that cinnamaldehyde can indeed reduce the ability of S. typhimurium to adhere to cells. The results of animal experiments showed that the colonization in the intestinal tract and the expression levels of inflammatory cytokine were significantly decreased, and the intestinal mucosal immune factors MUC1 and MUC2 were increased under cinnamaldehyde treatment. Therefore, cinnamaldehyde may be a potential drug to target T1F to treat Salmonella infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizi Yin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agriculture University, Huimin Road 211, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yuyun Dai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agriculture University, Huimin Road 211, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Han Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agriculture University, Huimin Road 211, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xuewen He
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agriculture University, Huimin Road 211, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Ping Ouyang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agriculture University, Huimin Road 211, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiaoli Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agriculture University, Huimin Road 211, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiangang Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agriculture University, Huimin Road 211, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yanru Ai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agriculture University, Huimin Road 211, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Siyuan Lai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agriculture University, Huimin Road 211, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Ling Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agriculture University, Huimin Road 211, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zhiwen Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agriculture University, Huimin Road 211, Chengdu 611130, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-13981604765
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Pham VH, Abbas W, Huang J, He Q, Zhen W, Guo Y, Wang Z. Effect of blending encapsulated essential oils and organic acids as an antibiotic growth promoter alternative on growth performance and intestinal health in broilers with necrotic enteritis. Poult Sci 2022; 101:101563. [PMID: 34823183 PMCID: PMC8628017 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of a blend of encapsulated organic acids with essential oils (EOA) as an alternative to antimicrobial growth promoter (AGP) on growth performance and gut health of Eimeria spp./Clostridium perfringens (C. perfringens) in chickens infected with necrotic enteritis (NE) broilers was investigated. A total of 432 male Arbor Acres broilers (1-day-old) were randomly distributed into 6 treatment groups, namely noninfected negative control (A); NE-infected positive control (D); NE-infected broiler chickens fed a basal diet supplemented with 250 mg/kg bacitracin methylene disalicylate (BMD) plus 90 mg/kg monensin; and NE-infected broiler chicken fed 200; 500; and 800 mg/kg EOA (E, F, G, and H group). Feeding EOA at 200 and 500 mg/kg considerably improved the feed conversion ratio, reduced gut lesions, serum fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran level, and C. perfringens load in the caecum and liver of the NE-infected broiler chickens. This feed was similar to AGP. Furthermore, the increased villous height-to-crypt depth ratio and goblet cells counts, upregulated claudin-1, glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2), insulin-like growth factor-2 (IGF-2) mRNA gene expression, downregulated occludin, zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), toll-like receptor (TLR-4), interleukin (IL-1β), interferon γ (IFN-γ), TNF receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF-6), tumor necrosis factor superfamily member 15 (TNFSF15), and Toll-interacting protein (Tollip) genes expression in the jejunum were observed in the NE-infected broiler chickens that received EOA at 200 and 500 mg/kg compared with those of the single NE-challenged groups without EOA supplementations (P < 0.05). The 16S analysis revealed that EOA supplemented with 200 or 500 mg/kg enriched relative abundance of Lactobacillus, unclassified_Lachnospiraceae, and Enterococcus, and carbohydrate metabolic pathways but suppressed unclassified_Erysipelotrichacease and organismal systems involved in the immune system (P < 0.05). Feeding EOA could alleviate NE-induced gut impairment and growth depression and modulate cecal microbiota composition, which has potential as antimicrobial alternatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van Hieu Pham
- Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Thai Nguyen University Agriculture and Forestry, Thai Nguyen, Vietnam; State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Waseem Abbas
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jinyu Huang
- Menon Animal Nutrition Technology Co. Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang He
- Menon Animal Nutrition Technology Co. Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Wenrui Zhen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuming Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
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Shi YS, Liu JF, Wu XL, Ke DH, Xu S. Synthesis of (E)-α-hydroxyethyl-α,β-unsaturated aldehydes by the reaction of tetrahydrofuran and aromatic aldehydes. Tetrahedron Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2021.153304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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11
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Maurya A, Prasad J, Das S, Dwivedy AK. Essential Oils and Their Application in Food Safety. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2021.653420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Food industries are facing a great challenge due to contamination of food products with different microbes such as bacteria, fungi, viruses, parasites, etc. These microbes deteriorate food items by producing different toxins during pre- and postharvest processing. Mycotoxins are one of the most potent and well-studied toxic food contaminants of fungal origin, causing a severe health hazard to humans. The application of synthetic chemicals as food preservatives poses a real scourge in the present scenario due to their bio-incompatibility, non-biodegradability, and environmental non-sustainability. Therefore, plant-based antimicrobials, including essential oils, have developed cumulative interest as a potential alternative to synthetic preservatives because of their ecofriendly nature and generally recognized as safe status. However, the practical utilization of essential oils as an efficient antimicrobial in the food industry is challenging due to their volatile nature, less solubility, and high instability. The recent application of different delivery strategies viz. nanoencapsulation, active packaging, and polymer-based coating effectively addressed these challenges and improved the bioefficacy and controlled release of essential oils. This article provides an overview of essential oils for the preservation of stored foods against bacteria, fungi, and mycotoxins, along with the specialized mechanism of action and technological advancement by using different delivery systems for their effective application in food and agricultural industries smart green preservative.
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Gupta A, Bansal M, Liyanage R, Upadhyay A, Rath N, Donoghue A, Sun X. Sodium butyrate modulates chicken macrophage proteins essential for Salmonella Enteritidis invasion. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0250296. [PMID: 33909627 PMCID: PMC8081216 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella Enteritidis is an intracellular foodborne pathogen that has developed multiple mechanisms to alter poultry intestinal physiology and infect the gut. Short chain fatty acid butyrate is derived from microbiota metabolic activities, and it maintains gut homeostasis. There is limited understanding on the interaction between S. Enteritidis infection, butyrate, and host intestinal response. To fill this knowledge gap, chicken macrophages (also known as HTC cells) were infected with S. Enteritidis, treated with sodium butyrate, and proteomic analysis was performed. A growth curve assay was conducted to determine sub-inhibitory concentration (SIC, concentration that do not affect bacterial growth compared to control) of sodium butyrate against S. Enteritidis. HTC cells were infected with S. Enteritidis in the presence and absence of SIC of sodium butyrate. The proteins were extracted and analyzed by tandem mass spectrometry. Our results showed that the SIC was 45 mM. Notably, S. Enteritidis-infected HTC cells upregulated macrophage proteins involved in ATP synthesis through oxidative phosphorylation such as ATP synthase subunit alpha (ATP5A1), ATP synthase subunit d, mitochondrial (ATP5PD) and cellular apoptosis such as Cytochrome-c (CYC). Furthermore, sodium butyrate influenced S. Enteritidis-infected HTC cells by reducing the expression of macrophage proteins mediating actin cytoskeletal rearrangements such as WD repeat-containing protein-1 (WDR1), Alpha actinin-1 (ACTN1), Vinculin (VCL) and Protein disulfide isomerase (P4HB) and intracellular S. Enteritidis growth and replication such as V-type proton ATPase catalytic subunit A (ATPV1A). Interestingly, sodium butyrate increased the expression of infected HTC cell protein involving in bacterial killing such as Vimentin (VIM). In conclusion, sodium butyrate modulates the expression of HTC cell proteins essential for S. Enteritidis invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anamika Gupta
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Mohit Bansal
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Rohana Liyanage
- Department of Chemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Abhinav Upadhyay
- Department of Animal Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Narayan Rath
- Poultry Production and Product Safety Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture-Agriculture Research Station, Fayetteville, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Annie Donoghue
- Poultry Production and Product Safety Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture-Agriculture Research Station, Fayetteville, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Xiaolun Sun
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, United States of America
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13
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Gupta A, Bansal M, Wagle B, Sun X, Rath N, Donoghue A, Upadhyay A. Sodium Butyrate Reduces Salmonella Enteritidis Infection of Chicken Enterocytes and Expression of Inflammatory Host Genes in vitro. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:553670. [PMID: 33042060 PMCID: PMC7524895 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.553670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) is a facultative intracellular pathogen that colonizes the chicken gut leading to contamination of carcasses during processing. A reduction in intestinal colonization by SE could result in reduced carcass contamination thereby reducing the risk of illnesses in humans. Short chain fatty acids such as butyrate are microbial metabolites produced in the gut that exert various beneficial effects. However, its effect on SE colonization is not well known. The present study investigated the effect of sub-inhibitory concentrations (SICs) of sodium butyrate on the adhesion and invasion of SE in primary chicken enterocytes and chicken macrophages. In addition, the effect of sodium butyrate on the expression of SE virulence genes and selected inflammatory genes in chicken macrophages challenged with SE were investigated. Based on the growth curve analysis, the two SICs of sodium butyrate that did not reduce SE growth were 22 and 45 mM, respectively. The SICs of sodium butyrate did not affect the viability and proliferation of chicken enterocytes and macrophage cells. The SICs of sodium butyrate reduced SE adhesion by ∼1.7 and 1.8 Log CFU/mL, respectively. The SE invasion was reduced by ∼2 and 2.93 Log CFU/mL, respectively in chicken enterocytes (P < 0.05). Sodium butyrate did not significantly affect the adhesion of SE to chicken macrophages. However, 45 mM sodium butyrate reduced invasion by ∼1.7 Log CFU/mL as compared to control (P < 0.05). Exposure to sodium butyrate did not change the expression of SE genes associated with motility (flgG, prot6E), invasion (invH), type 3 secretion system (sipB, pipB), survival in macrophages (spvB, mgtC), cell wall and membrane integrity (tatA), efflux pump regulator (mrr1) and global virulence regulation (lrp) (P > 0.05). However, a few genes contributing to type-3 secretion system (ssaV, sipA), adherence (sopB), macrophage survival (sodC) and oxidative stress (rpoS) were upregulated by at least twofold. The expression of inflammatory genes (Il1β, Il8, and Mmp9) that are triggered by SE for host colonization was significantly downregulated (at least 25-fold) by sodium butyrate as compared to SE (P < 0.05). The results suggest that sodium butyrate has an anti-inflammatory potential to reduce SE colonization in chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anamika Gupta
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Mohit Bansal
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Basanta Wagle
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Xiaolun Sun
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Narayan Rath
- Poultry Production and Product Safety Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture-Agriculture Research Station, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Annie Donoghue
- Poultry Production and Product Safety Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture-Agriculture Research Station, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Abhinav Upadhyay
- Department of Animal Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
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Yin H, Boomer A, Chen C, Patel J. Efficacy of benzyl isothiocyanate for controlling
Salmonella
on alfalfa seeds and sprouts. Int J Food Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.14520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hsin‐Bai Yin
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service Beltsville MD 20705 USA
| | - Ashley Boomer
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service Beltsville MD 20705 USA
| | - Chi‐Hung Chen
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service Beltsville MD 20705 USA
| | - Jitendra Patel
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service Beltsville MD 20705 USA
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15
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Kot B, Sytykiewicz H, Sprawka I, Witeska M. Effect of trans-Cinnamaldehyde on Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Biofilm Formation: Metabolic Activity Assessment and Analysis of the Biofilm-Associated Genes Expression. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 21:ijms21010102. [PMID: 31877837 PMCID: PMC6981724 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of trans-cinnamaldehyde (TC) on transcriptional profiles of biofilm-associated genes and the metabolic activity of two methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains showing a different degree of adherence to polystyrene, were evaluated. Metabolic activity of S. aureus in biofilm was significantly decreased in the presence of TC at 1/2 minimum biofilm inhibition concentration (MBIC). Expression levels of the genes encoding laminin binding protein (eno), elastin binding protein (ebps) and fibrinogen binding protein (fib) in the presence of TC at 1/2 MBIC were lower than in untreated biofilm in both the weakly and strongly adhering strain. The highest decrease of expression level was observed in case of fib in the strongly adhering strain, in which the amount of fib transcript was 10-fold lower compared to biofilm without TC. In the presence of TC at 1/2 MBIC after 3, 6, 8 and 12 h, the expression level of icaA and icaD, that are involved in the biosynthesis of polysaccharide intercellular adhesin, was above half lower in the weakly adhering strain compared to biofilm without TC. In the strongly adhering strain the highest decrease in expression of these genes was observed after 3 and 6 h. This study showed that TC is a promising anti-biofilm agent for use in MRSA biofilm-related infections.
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16
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Yang Y, Ashworth AJ, Willett C, Cook K, Upadhyay A, Owens PR, Ricke SC, DeBruyn JM, Moore Jr. PA. Review of Antibiotic Resistance, Ecology, Dissemination, and Mitigation in U.S. Broiler Poultry Systems. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2639. [PMID: 31803164 PMCID: PMC6872647 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the onset of land application of poultry litter, transportation of microorganisms, antibiotics, and disinfectants to new locations has occurred. While some studies provide evidence that antimicrobial resistance (AMR), an evolutionary phenomenon, could be influenced by animal production systems, other research suggests AMR originates in the environment from non-anthropogenic sources. In addition, AMR impacts the effective prevention and treatment of poultry illnesses and is increasingly a threat to global public health. Therefore, there is a need to understand the dissemination of AMR genes to the environment, particularly those directly relevant to animal health using the One Health Approach. This review focuses on the potential movement of resistance genes to the soil via land application of poultry litter. Additionally, we highlight impacts of AMR on microbial ecology and explore hypotheses explaining gene movement pathways from U.S. broiler operations to the environment. Current approaches for decreasing antibiotic use in U.S. poultry operations are also described in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichao Yang
- Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Amanda J. Ashworth
- Poultry Production and Product Safety Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Cammy Willett
- Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Kimberly Cook
- Bacterial Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Resistance Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Athens, GA, United States
| | - Abhinav Upadhyay
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Phillip R. Owens
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Dale Bumpers Small Farms Research Center, Booneville, AR, United States
| | - Steven C. Ricke
- Department of Food Science and Center for Food Safety, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Jennifer M. DeBruyn
- Department of Biosystems Engineering and Soil Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Philip A. Moore Jr.
- Poultry Production and Product Safety Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Fayetteville, AR, United States
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17
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Li Z, Guo R, Wang F, Geng S, Kang X, Meng C, Gu D, Jiao X, Pan Z. Inactivation of Salmonella Enteritidis on eggshells by lactic acid spray. Food Control 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2019.04.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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18
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Phytochemistry and beneficial impacts of cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) as a dietary supplement in poultry diets. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2019. [DOI: 10.1017/s0043933918000235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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19
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Kot B, Kwiatek K, Janiuk J, Witeska M, Pękala-Safińska A. Antibacterial Activity of Commercial Phytochemicals against Aeromonas Species Isolated from Fish. Pathogens 2019; 8:pathogens8030142. [PMID: 31500367 PMCID: PMC6789499 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens8030142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial activities of phytochemicals-trans-cinnamaldehyde (TC), ferulic acid (FA), p-coumaric acid (p-CA), caffeic acid (CA), chlorogenic acid (CHA), Thymus vulgaris essential oil (TO), Eugenia caryophyllus essential oil (ECO), and Melaleuca alternifolia oil (TTO) against Aeromonas species-were assessed. Growth of all Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida and almost all Aeromonas sobria strains was inhibited by TC at concentration 0.01 mg/mL, and for most Aeromonas hydrophila strains minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) ranged from 0.01 to 0.19 mg/mL. The inhibitory effect of TC against A. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida was comparable to the effect of oxytetracycline, and in the case of A. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida and A. sobria was higher compared to gentamicin. MIC of FA, p-CA, and CA for most strains ranged from 1.56 to 3.12 mg/mL, and MIC values of TO for most strains ranged from 0.39 to 0.78 mg/mL. TO and TC at the concentrations below ½ MIC values used in mixtures exhibited strong synergism. ECO and TC showed synergy in mixture of ⅛ MIC of ECO and ¼ MIC of TC. TC and TO exhibited the strongest inhibitory and bactericidal effect against investigated Aeromonas species, and they are a promising alternative to the use of antibiotics in controlling the growth of these fish pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Kot
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, 14 Bolesława Prusa Str., 08-110 Siedlce, Poland.
| | - Kinga Kwiatek
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, 14 Bolesława Prusa Str., 08-110 Siedlce, Poland
| | - Justyna Janiuk
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, 14 Bolesława Prusa Str., 08-110 Siedlce, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Witeska
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, 14 Bolesława Prusa Str., 08-110 Siedlce, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Pękala-Safińska
- Department of Fish Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, 57 Partyzantów Ave., 24-100 Puławy, Poland.
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20
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Roth N, Mayrhofer S, Gierus M, Weingut C, Schwarz C, Doupovec B, Berrios R, Domig KJ. Effect of an organic acids based feed additive and enrofloxacin on the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant E. coli in cecum of broilers. Poult Sci 2018; 96:4053-4060. [PMID: 29050428 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pex232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing antibiotic resistance is a major public health concern. Fluoroquinolones are used to treat and prevent poultry diseases worldwide. Fluoroquinolone resistance rates are high in their countries of use. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of an acids-based feed additive, as well as fluoroquinolone antibiotics, on the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant E. coli. A total of 480 broiler chickens (Ross 308) were randomly assigned to 3 treatments: a control group receiving a basal diet; a group receiving a feed additive (FA) based on formic acid, acetic acid and propionic acid; and an antibiotic enrofloxacin (AB) group given the same diet, but supplemented with enrofloxacin in water. A pooled fecal sample of one-day-old chicks was collected upon arrival at the experimental farm. On d 17 and d 38 of the trial, cecal samples from each of the 8 pens were taken, and the count of E. coli and antibiotic-resistant E. coli was determined.The results of the present study show a high prevalence of antibiotic-resistant E. coli in one-day-old chicks. Supplementation of the diet with FA and treatment of broilers with AB did not have a significant influence on the total number of E. coli in the cecal content on d 17 and d 38 of the trial. Supplementation with FA contributed to better growth performance and to a significant decrease (P ≤ 0.05) in E. coli resistant to ampicillin and tetracycline compared to the control and AB groups, as well as to a decrease (P ≤ 0.05) in sulfamethoxazole and ciprofloxacin-resistant E. coli compared to the AB group. Treatment with AB increased (P ≤ 0.05) the average daily weight compared to the control group and increased (P ≤ 0.05) the number of E. coli resistant to ciprofloxacin, streptomycin, sulfamethoxazole and tetracycline; it also decreased (P ≤ 0.05) the number of E. coli resistant to cefotaxime and extended spectrum beta-lactamase- (ESBL-) producing E. coli in the ceca of broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataliya Roth
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Institute of Food Science, BOKU - University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sigrid Mayrhofer
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Institute of Food Science, BOKU - University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Gierus
- Department of Agrobiotechnology, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Livestock Products, and Nutrition Physiology, BOKU - University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christine Weingut
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Institute of Food Science, BOKU - University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christiane Schwarz
- Department of Agrobiotechnology, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Livestock Products, and Nutrition Physiology, BOKU - University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | - Konrad J Domig
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Institute of Food Science, BOKU - University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
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21
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Sharma C, Rokana N, Chandra M, Singh BP, Gulhane RD, Gill JPS, Ray P, Puniya AK, Panwar H. Antimicrobial Resistance: Its Surveillance, Impact, and Alternative Management Strategies in Dairy Animals. Front Vet Sci 2018; 4:237. [PMID: 29359135 PMCID: PMC5766636 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2017.00237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR), one among the most common priority areas identified by both national and international agencies, is mushrooming as a silent pandemic. The advancement in public health care through introduction of antibiotics against infectious agents is now being threatened by global development of multidrug-resistant strains. These strains are product of both continuous evolution and un-checked antimicrobial usage (AMU). Though antibiotic application in livestock has largely contributed toward health and productivity, it has also played significant role in evolution of resistant strains. Although, a significant emphasis has been given to AMR in humans, trends in animals, on other hand, are not much emphasized. Dairy farming involves surplus use of antibiotics as prophylactic and growth promoting agents. This non-therapeutic application of antibiotics, their dosage, and withdrawal period needs to be re-evaluated and rationally defined. A dairy animal also poses a serious risk of transmission of resistant strains to humans and environment. Outlining the scope of the problem is necessary for formulating and monitoring an active response to AMR. Effective and commendably connected surveillance programs at multidisciplinary level can contribute to better understand and minimize the emergence of resistance. Besides, it requires a renewed emphasis on investments into research for finding alternate, safe, cost effective, and innovative strategies, parallel to discovery of new antibiotics. Nevertheless, numerous direct or indirect novel approaches based on host-microbial interaction and molecular mechanisms of pathogens are also being developed and corroborated by researchers to combat the threat of resistance. This review places a concerted effort to club the current outline of AMU and AMR in dairy animals; ongoing global surveillance and monitoring programs; its impact at animal human interface; and strategies for combating resistance with an extensive overview on possible alternates to current day antibiotics that could be implemented in livestock sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chetan Sharma
- Department of Dairy Microbiology, College of Dairy Science and Technology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (GADVASU), Ludhiana, India
| | - Namita Rokana
- Department of Dairy Microbiology, College of Dairy Science and Technology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (GADVASU), Ludhiana, India
| | - Mudit Chandra
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (GADVASU), Ludhiana, India
| | - Brij Pal Singh
- Department of Dairy Microbiology, College of Dairy Science and Technology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (GADVASU), Ludhiana, India
| | - Rohini Devidas Gulhane
- Department of Dairy Microbiology, College of Dairy Science and Technology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (GADVASU), Ludhiana, India
| | - Jatinder Paul Singh Gill
- School of Public Health and Zoonoses, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (GADVASU), Ludhiana, India
| | - Pallab Ray
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Post Graduate Institute for Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Anil Kumar Puniya
- Department of Dairy Microbiology, College of Dairy Science and Technology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (GADVASU), Ludhiana, India
| | - Harsh Panwar
- Department of Dairy Microbiology, College of Dairy Science and Technology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (GADVASU), Ludhiana, India
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22
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Friedman M. Chemistry, Antimicrobial Mechanisms, and Antibiotic Activities of Cinnamaldehyde against Pathogenic Bacteria in Animal Feeds and Human Foods. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:10406-10423. [PMID: 29155570 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b04344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Cinnamaldehyde is a major constituent of cinnamon essential oils produced by aromatic cinnamon plants. This compound has been reported to exhibit antimicrobial properties in vitro in laboratory media and in animal feeds and human foods contaminated with disease-causing bacteria including Bacillus cereus, Campylobacter jejuni, Clostridium perfringens, Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, and Salmonella enterica. This integrated review surveys and interprets our current knowledge of the chemistry, analysis, safety, mechanism of action, and antibiotic activities of cinnamaldehyde in food animal (cattle, lambs, calves, pigs, poultry) diets and in widely consumed liquid (apple, carrot, tomato, and watermelon juices, milk) and solid foods. Solid foods include various fruits (bayberries, blueberries, raspberries, and strawberries), vegetables (carrots, celery, lettuce, spinach, cucumbers, and tomatoes), meats (beef, ham, pork, and frankfurters), poultry (chickens and turkeys), seafood (oysters and shrimp), bread, cheese, eggs, infant formula, and peanut paste. The described findings are not only of fundamental interest but also have practical implications for food safety, nutrition, and animal and human health. The collated information and suggested research needs will hopefully facilitate and guide further studies needed to optimize the use of cinnamaldehyde alone and in combination with other natural antimicrobials and medicinal antibiotics to help prevent and treat food animal and human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mendel Friedman
- Healthy Processed Foods Research, Western Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture , Albany, California 94710, United States
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23
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Kollanoor Johny A, Frye JG, Donoghue A, Donoghue DJ, Porwollik S, McClelland M, Venkitanarayanan K. Gene Expression Response of Salmonella enterica Serotype Enteritidis Phage Type 8 to Subinhibitory Concentrations of the Plant-Derived Compounds Trans-Cinnamaldehyde and Eugenol. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1828. [PMID: 29018419 PMCID: PMC5623010 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background:Salmonella Enteritidis phage type 8 (PT8) is a major poultry-associated Salmonella strain implicated in foodborne outbreaks in the United States. We previously reported that two plant-derived compounds generally recognized as safe (GRAS), trans-cinnamaldehyde (TC), and eugenol (EG), significantly reduced S. Enteritidis colonization in broiler and layer chickens. To elucidate potential PT8 genes affected by TC and EG during colonization, a whole-genome microarray analysis of the bacterium treated with TC and EG was conducted. Results:S. Enteritidis PT8 was grown in Luria-Bertani broth at 37°C to an OD600 of ~0.5. Subinhibitory concentrations (SICs; concentration that does not inhibit bacterial growth) of TC (0.01%; 0.75 mM) or EG (0.04%; 2.46 mM) were then added to the culture. S. Enteritidis PT8 RNA was extracted before and 30 min after TC or EG addition. Labeled cDNA from three replicate experiments was subsequently hybridized to a microarray of over 99% of S. Enteritidis PT4 genes, and the hybridization signals were quantified. The plant-derived compounds down-regulated (P < 0.005) expression of S. Enteritidis PT8 genes involved in flagellar motility, regulation of the Salmonella Pathogenicity Island 1, and invasion of intestinal epithelial cells. TC and EG also suppressed transcription of genes encoding multiple transport systems and outer membrane proteins. Moreover, several metabolic and biosynthetic pathways in the pathogen were down-regulated during exposure to the plant-derived compounds. Both TC and EG stimulated the transcription of heat shock genes, such as dnaK, dnaJ, ibpB, and ibpA in S. Enteritidis PT8 (P < 0.005). The results obtained from microarray were validated using a quantitative real-time PCR. Conclusion: The plant-derived compounds TC and EG exert antimicrobial effects on S. Enteritidis PT8 by affecting multiple genes, including those associated with virulence, colonization, cell membrane composition, and transport systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anup Kollanoor Johny
- Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, United States
| | - Jonathan G Frye
- Bacterial Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Resistance Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Richard B. Russell Research Center, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Annie Donoghue
- Poultry Production and Product Safety Research Unit, USDA, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Dan J Donoghue
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Steffen Porwollik
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Michael McClelland
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
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24
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GRAS from the ground up: Review of the Interim Pilot Program for GRAS notification. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 105:140-150. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.03.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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