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Pousty D, Ma B, Mathews C, Halanur M, Mamane H, Linden KG. Biofilm inactivation using LED systems emitting germicidal UV and antimicrobial blue light. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 267:122449. [PMID: 39316962 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.122449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2024] [Revised: 09/12/2024] [Accepted: 09/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024]
Abstract
Biofilms have been widely detected in water distribution and water storage systems posing potential risks to drinking water safety by harboring and shedding pathogens. Light-based disinfection methods, such as germicidal ultraviolet (UV) and antimicrobial blue light (aBL), could serve as non-chemical alternatives for biofilm control. This study investigated the inactivation of pure-culture Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms and mixed-culture biofilms using three distinct light-based disinfection methods: a low-pressure (LP) UV lamp emitting at 254 nm, a UV light emitting diode (LED) at 270 nm, and an aBL LED at 405 nm. The biofilms were developed on three commonly used materials including polycarbonate (PC), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), and polyvinyl chloride (PVC), to assess the impact of surface characteristics on light-based biofilm inactivation. Our findings show that all selected devices can effectively inactivate pure-culture and mixed-culture biofilms. While both UV devices (LP UV lamp and UV LED) provided significant inactivation at lower fluences (>1 log reduction at 20 mJ/cm2), aBL LED achieved significant inactivation at higher fluences for pure culture (maximum log reduction of 3.8 ± 0.5 at > 200,000 mJ/cm2). Inactivation performance also varied with surface materials, likely attributed to different surface properties including roughness, hydrophobicity, and surface charge. This study provides important information on using light-based technologies for biofilm control and highlights the effect of surface materials on their inactivation performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Pousty
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Ben Ma
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, 4001 Discovery Dr., Boulder, CO 80303, United States; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, 1664 N. Virginia St. Reno, NV 89557, United States
| | - Christian Mathews
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, 4001 Discovery Dr., Boulder, CO 80303, United States
| | - Manohara Halanur
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Hadas Mamane
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Karl G Linden
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, 4001 Discovery Dr., Boulder, CO 80303, United States.
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Niboucha N, Jubinville É, Péloquin L, Clop A, Labrie S, Goetz C, Fliss I, Jean J. Reuterin Enhances the Efficacy of Peracetic Acid Against Multi-species Dairy Biofilm. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2024:10.1007/s12602-024-10351-y. [PMID: 39264555 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-024-10351-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
Biofilms may contain pathogenic and spoilage bacteria and can become a recurring problem in the dairy sector, with a negative impact on product quality and consumer health. Peracetic acid (PAA) is one of the disinfectants most frequently used to control biofilm formation and persistence. Though effective, it cannot be used at high concentrations due to its corrosive effect on certain materials and because of toxicity concerns. The aim of this study was to test the possibility of PAA remaining bactericidal at lower concentrations by using it in conjunction with reuterin (3-hydroxypropionaldehyde). We evaluated the efficacy of PAA in pure form or as BioDestroy®, a PAA-based commercial disinfectant, on three-species biofilms formed by dairy-derived bacteria, namely Pseudomonas azotoformans PFlA1, Serratia liquefaciens Sl-LJJ01, and Bacillus licheniformis Bl-LJJ01. Minimum inhibitory concentrations of the three agents were determined for each bacterial species and the fractional inhibitory concentrations were then calculated using the checkerboard assay. The minimal biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC) of each antibacterial combination was then calculated against mixed-species biofilm. PAA, BioDestroy®, and reuterin showed antibiofilm activity against all bacteria within the mixed biofilm at respectively 760 ppm, 450 ppm, and 95.6 mM. The MBEC was lowered significantly to 456 ppm, 337.5 ppm, and 71.7 mM, when exposed to reuterin for 16 h followed by contact with disinfectant. Combining reuterin with chemical disinfection shows promise in controlling biofilm on food contact surfaces, especially for harsh or extended treatments. Furthermore, systems with reuterin encapsulation and nanotechnologies could be developed for sustainable antimicrobial efficacy without manufacturing disruptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nissa Niboucha
- Département Des Sciences Des Aliments, Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
- Institut Sur La Nutrition Et Les Aliments Fonctionnels (INAF), Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Éric Jubinville
- Département Des Sciences Des Aliments, Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
- Institut Sur La Nutrition Et Les Aliments Fonctionnels (INAF), Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Laurence Péloquin
- Département Des Sciences Des Aliments, Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
- Institut Sur La Nutrition Et Les Aliments Fonctionnels (INAF), Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Amandine Clop
- Département Des Sciences Des Aliments, Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
- Institut Sur La Nutrition Et Les Aliments Fonctionnels (INAF), Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Steve Labrie
- Département Des Sciences Des Aliments, Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
- Institut Sur La Nutrition Et Les Aliments Fonctionnels (INAF), Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Coralie Goetz
- Département Des Sciences Des Aliments, Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
- Institut Sur La Nutrition Et Les Aliments Fonctionnels (INAF), Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Ismaïl Fliss
- Département Des Sciences Des Aliments, Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
- Institut Sur La Nutrition Et Les Aliments Fonctionnels (INAF), Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Julie Jean
- Département Des Sciences Des Aliments, Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada.
- Institut Sur La Nutrition Et Les Aliments Fonctionnels (INAF), Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada.
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Rolon ML, Voloshchuk O, Bartlett KV, LaBorde LF, Kovac J. Multi-species biofilms of environmental microbiota isolated from fruit packing facilities promoted tolerance of Listeria monocytogenes to benzalkonium chloride. Biofilm 2024; 7:100177. [PMID: 38304489 PMCID: PMC10832383 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioflm.2024.100177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes may survive and persist in food processing environments due to formation of complex multi-species biofilms of environmental microbiota that co-exists in these environments. This study aimed to determine the effect of selected environmental microbiota on biofilm formation and tolerance of L. monocytogenes to benzalkonium chloride in formed biofilms. The studied microbiota included bacterial families previously shown to co-occur with L. monocytogenes in tree fruit packing facilities, including Pseudomonadaceae, Xanthomonadaceae, Microbacteriaceae, and Flavobacteriaceae. Biofilm formation ability and the effect of formed biofilms on the tolerance of L. monocytogenes to benzalkonium chloride was measured in single- and multi-family assemblages. Biofilms were grown statically on polystyrene pegs submerged in a R2A broth. Biofilm formation was quantified using a crystal violet assay, spread-plating, confocal laser scanning microscopy, and its composition was assessed using amplicon sequencing. The concentration of L. monocytogenes in biofilms was determined using the most probable number method. Biofilms were exposed to the sanitizer benzalkonium chloride, and the death kinetics of L. monocytogenes were quantified using a most probable number method. A total of 8, 8, 6, and 3 strains of Pseudomonadaceae, Xanthomonadaceae, Microbacteriaceae, and Flavobacteriaceae, respectively, were isolated from the environmental microbiota of tree fruit packing facilities and were used in this study. Biofilms formed by Pseudomonadaceae, Xanthomonadaceae, and all multi-family assemblages had significantly higher concentration of bacteria, as well as L. monocytogenes, compared to biofilms formed by L. monocytogenes alone. Furthermore, multi-family assemblage biofilms increased the tolerance of L. monocytogenes to benzalkonium chloride compared to L. monocytogenes mono-species biofilms and planktonic multi-family assemblages. These findings suggest that L. monocytogenes control strategies should focus not only on assessing the efficacy of sanitizers against L. monocytogenes, but also against biofilm-forming microorganisms that reside in the food processing built environment, such as Pseudomonadaceae or Xanthomonadaceae.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Laura Rolon
- Department of Food Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- One Health Microbiome Center, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Olena Voloshchuk
- Department of Food Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Katelyn V. Bartlett
- Department of Food Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Luke F. LaBorde
- Department of Food Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Jasna Kovac
- Department of Food Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- One Health Microbiome Center, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
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Yammine J, Doulgeraki AI, O'Byrne CP, Gharsallaoui A, Chihib NE, Karam L. The impact of different acidic conditions and food substrates on Listeria monocytogenes biofilms development and removal using nanoencapsulated carvacrol. Int J Food Microbiol 2024; 416:110676. [PMID: 38507974 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2024.110676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes biofilms present a significant challenge in the food industry. This study explores the impact of different acidic conditions of culture media and food matrices on the development and removal of biofilms developed on stainless steel surfaces by wild-type (WT) L. monocytogenes strains as well as in two mutant derivatives, ΔsigB and ΔagrA, that have defects in the general stress response and quorum sensing, respectively. Additionally, the study investigates the efficacy of nanoencapsulated carvacrol as an antimicrobial against L. monocytogenes biofilms developed in Tryptic Soy Broth (TSB) culture media acidified to different pH conditions (3.5, 4.5, 5.5, 6.5), and in food substrates (apple juice, strained yogurt, vegetable soup, semi-skimmed milk) having the same pH levels. No biofilm formation was observed for all L. monocytogenes strains at pH levels of 3.5 and 4.5 in both culture media and food substrates. However, at pH 5.5 and 6.5, increased biofilm levels were observed in both the culture media and food substrates, with the WT strain showing significantly higher biofilm formation (3.04-6.05 log CFU cm-2) than the mutant strains (2.30-5.48 log CFU cm-2). For both applications, the nanoencapsulated carvacrol demonstrated more potent antimicrobial activity against biofilms developed at pH 5.5 with 2.23 to 3.61 log reductions, compared to 1.58-2.95 log reductions at pH 6.5, with mutants being more vulnerable in acidic environments. In food substrates, nanoencapsulated carvacrol induced lower log reductions (1.58-2.90) than the ones in TSB (2.02-3.61). These findings provide valuable insights into the impact of different acidic conditions on the development of L. monocytogenes biofilms on stainless steel surfaces and the potential application of nanoencapsulated carvacrol as a biofilm control agent in food processing environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jina Yammine
- Univ Lille, CNRS, INRAE, Centrale Lille, UMR 8207 - UMET - Unité Matériaux et Transformations, Lille, France
| | - Agapi I Doulgeraki
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Hygiene, Department of Food Science & Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Conor P O'Byrne
- Bacterial Stress Response Group, Microbiology, School of Biological & Chemical Sciences, University of Galway, Galway H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Adem Gharsallaoui
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, LAGEPP UMR 5007, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Nour-Eddine Chihib
- Univ Lille, CNRS, INRAE, Centrale Lille, UMR 8207 - UMET - Unité Matériaux et Transformations, Lille, France
| | - Layal Karam
- Human Nutrition Department, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
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Thomas-Barry G, Martin CS, Ramsubhag A, Eudoxie G, Miller JR. Multi-trait efficiency and interactivity of bacterial consortia used to enhance plant performance under water stress conditions. Microbiol Res 2024; 281:127610. [PMID: 38271775 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2024.127610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Water stress is a major limiting factor for agricultural production under current and projected climate change scenarios. As a sustainable strategy, plant growth-promoting bacterial consortia have been used to reduce plant water stress. However, few studies have examined the effects of stress on multi-trait efficiency and interactivity of bacterial species. In this study, we used several in-vitro experiments, plant assays and greenhouse trials to investigate the effects of stress and bacterial consortia on 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid deaminase (ACCD) activities, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) production and plant growth-promoting traits (Phosphate-solubilization, starch hydrolysis, siderophores and ammonium production). We further assessed biofilm formation and the chemotactic behaviour in response to ACC. A total of fifteen ACCD rhizobacteria with multiple growth-promoting traits from the dominant plant species from the hyperseasonal Aripo Savannas were screened in this study. Five of the isolates were further analyzed based on their ACCD activities and were tested in single and dual consortium to assess their abilities in promoting growth under simulated drought stress (-0.35 MPa) and chemically induced ACC conditions (0.03 mM). Our findings showed that bacteria which produce high concentrations of IAA affected the isolates' ability to promote growth under stress, irrespective of microbial combination with ACCD activity above the minimal threshold of 20 nmol α-ketobutyrate mg-1 h-1. Biofilm production with co-culture interaction varied greatly across treatments, however, the general trend showed an increase in biofilm under stress induce conditions. The best performing co-culture, UWIGT-83 and UWIGT-120 (Burkholderia sp.) showed enhanced growth in germination assays and in greenhouse trials with Capsicum chinense (Moruga red hot peppers) under drought stress, when compared to non-inoculated treatments. The findings highlight the importance of testing interactivity of bacterial species with multiple growth promoting traits under stress conditions; and proposed the use of ACC growth media as a novel biofilm screening method for selecting potential stress plant growth-promoting bacteria. Better screening strategies for appropriate plant growth-promoting bacteria may narrow the inconsistency observed between laboratory and field trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gem Thomas-Barry
- Faculty of Science and Technology, The University of the West Indies at St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Chaney St Martin
- Inter American Institute for Cooperation on Agriculture, Couva, Trinidad and Tobago.
| | - Adesh Ramsubhag
- Faculty of Science and Technology, The University of the West Indies at St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago.
| | - Gaius Eudoxie
- Faculty of Food and Agriculture, Trinidad and Tobago.
| | - Judy Rouse Miller
- Faculty of Science and Technology, The University of the West Indies at St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago.
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6
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Ekonomou SI, Boziaris IS. Fate of osmotically adapted and biofilm Listeria monocytogenes cells after exposure to salt, heat, and liquid smoke, mimicking the stresses induced during the processing of hot smoked fish. Food Microbiol 2024; 117:104392. [PMID: 37919014 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2023.104392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
The study aimed to investigate the response of osmotically adapted and detached biofilm Listeria monocytogenes cells following sequential stresses that occur during the processing of hot smoking, such as heating and smoke application. Thermal resistance of L. monocytogenes was significantly affected by previous osmotic adaptation of the cells. D60oC-values of osmotically adapted L. monocytogenes cells were significantly higher than control cells. The osmotically adapted and subsequently heat-injured cells were more resistant to PALCAM and less resistant to TSAYE with 5.00% NaCl (TSAYE/NaCl) than control cells. Detached biofilm cells were more thermotolerant and less resistant to PALCAM and TSAYE/NaCl than control cells. The sequential effect of smoking against heat-treated (60 °C, 20 min) and osmotically adapted or detached L. monocytogenes biofilm cells was investigated using two liquid smoke extracts (L9 and G6). L9 led to significantly higher reductions (>3.00-Log CFU) compared to G6. The heat-treated, detached biofilm cells revealed resistance to L9, presumably due to metabolic downregulation and physical protection by the extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). These data highlight the potential of the food industry to make informed decisions for using safe heat treatments during hot smoking to effectively inactivate L. monocytogenes and maintain rigorous environmental sanitation practices to control biofilm cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- S I Ekonomou
- Laboratory of Marketing and Technology of Aquatic Products and Foods, Department of Ichthyology and Aquatic Environment, School of Agricultural Sciences, University of Thessaly, Fytokou Street, 38446, Volos, Greece
| | - I S Boziaris
- Laboratory of Marketing and Technology of Aquatic Products and Foods, Department of Ichthyology and Aquatic Environment, School of Agricultural Sciences, University of Thessaly, Fytokou Street, 38446, Volos, Greece.
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Watson F, Wilks S, Keevil CW, Chewins J. Modelling hospital disinfectant against multi-drug-resistant dry surface biofilms grown under artificial human sweat. J Hosp Infect 2023; 141:190-197. [PMID: 37343768 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2023.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dry surface biofilms (DSBs) have been found abundantly across hospital surfaces within intensive care units and may explain how nosocomial pathogens can remain virulent and persist on surfaces for extended periods. Testing standards governing the performance of disinfectant products employ planktonic models under routine growth conditions, which are known to be less tolerant than their biofilm counterpart. AIM To evaluate biofilm models cultured under artificial human sweat (AHS), a source of nutrient expected on touch surfaces, to assess the antimicrobial performance of common cleaning agents, including a quaternary ammonium, hydrogen peroxide and active chlorine. METHODS Five single-species biofilms, using pathogenic bacteria such as Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis, were generated on stainless-steel substrates using a sedimentation protocol under both AHS and nutrient-rich conditions for a direct comparison of phenotypic tolerance. The biofilm models were grown over five days followed by desiccation cycles, before being submerged into the disinfectant solutions for up to 25 min. Epifluorescence (EF) microscopy using LIVE/DEAD™ stain was used to visualize microcolony viability. FINDINGS The results revealed biofilms cultured under AHS exhibited a greater antimicrobial tolerance and reduced speed of kill for all cleaning agents compared with the routine media; an average reduction of 72.4% vs 96.9%, respectively. EF microscopy revealed traces of viable bacteria across all coupons after disinfection indicating a potential opportunity for regrowth and recontamination. CONCLUSION The notable difference in biocidal performance between the two growth conditions highlights potential pitfalls within current antimicrobial test standards, and the importance of accurate representation of the microbial challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Watson
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK; Bioquell UK Ltd, Andover, UK
| | - S Wilks
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK; School of Health Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - C W Keevil
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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Li X, Yan C, Wang Y, Zhang G, Bi J, Hao H, Hou H. Potential quorum-sensing inhibitor of Hafnia alvei H4-theaflavin-3,3´-digallate analyzed by virtual screening and molecular simulation. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0267123. [PMID: 37732782 PMCID: PMC10580929 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02671-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Hafnia species can cause food spoilage via the quorum-sensing (QS) system. Thus, strategies that target QS in these bacteria might be a good approach to safeguard the quality of processed food. In this study, the amino acid sequence of the LasI Ha protein, a key QS regulator from Hafnia alvei H4, was used to construct its 3D structure for the virtual screening of potential QS inhibitors (QSIs) from the Bioactive Compound database. Four potential QSIs were obtained, and these were all theaflavins (TFs). Among them, theaflavin-3,3´-digallate (TF3) was found to outperform the others, displaying a higher docking score according to molecular docking analysis, and required only a sub-minimal inhibitory concentration (31.25 mM) to cause a significant decrease in the production of the autoinducer N-acyl homoserine lactone in H. alvei H4 and up to 60.5% inhibition of its motility. Furthermore, molecular simulation results indicated that TF3 could stably bind to a cavity within LasI Ha to form stable hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions with various key residues of the protein to exert the inhibitory effect. Thus, TF3 may be considered a potential compound to protect against food spoilage caused by H. alvei H4 via the quorum quenching. IMPORTANCE Hafnia alvei, the main strain studied in this paper, is often isolated from spoiled foods, especially refrigerated protein-based raw foods, and is generally considered to be a spoilage bacterium whose spoilage-causing properties may be closely related to its own very strong population-sensing activity, so the strategy of quorum quenching against H. alvei H4 may be a good way to guarantee the quality of processed foods. Given the current global requirements for food safety and quality, coupled with negative consumer perceptions of the excessive inclusion of synthetic chemicals in food products, the use of natural compounds as QSIs in the storage of aquatic food products would seem more attractive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Li
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
- Liaoning Key Lab for Aquatic Processing Quality and Safety, Dalian, China
| | - Congyang Yan
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
- Liaoning Key Lab for Aquatic Processing Quality and Safety, Dalian, China
| | - Yanan Wang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
- Liaoning Key Lab for Aquatic Processing Quality and Safety, Dalian, China
| | - Gongliang Zhang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
- Liaoning Key Lab for Aquatic Processing Quality and Safety, Dalian, China
| | - Jingran Bi
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
- Liaoning Key Lab for Aquatic Processing Quality and Safety, Dalian, China
| | - Hongshun Hao
- Liaoning Key Lab for Aquatic Processing Quality and Safety, Dalian, China
| | - Hongman Hou
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
- Liaoning Key Lab for Aquatic Processing Quality and Safety, Dalian, China
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Kolypetri S, Kostoglou D, Nikolaou A, Kourkoutas Y, Giaouris E. Chemical Composition, Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Actions of Oregano ( Origanum vulgare subsp. hirtum) Essential Oil against Salmonella Typhimurium and Listeria monocytogenes. Foods 2023; 12:2893. [PMID: 37569162 PMCID: PMC10418746 DOI: 10.3390/foods12152893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Essential oils (EOs) are plant mixtures that are known to present strong bioactivities, including a wide antimicrobial action. Biofilms are microbial sessile structures that represent the default mode of growth of microorganisms in most environments. This study focused on the antimicrobial action of the EO extracted from one of the most representative oregano species, that is, Origanum vulgare (subsp. hirtum), against two important foodborne pathogens, Salmonella enterica (serovar Typhimurium) and Listeria monocytogenes. For this, the minimum inhibitory concentrations of the EO against the planktonic and biofilm growth of each bacterium were determined (MICs, MBICs), together with the minimum bactericidal and biofilm eradication concentrations (MBCs, MBECs). The EO was also analyzed for its chemical composition by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis (GC-MS). The influence of EO exposure on the expression of some important virulence genes (hly, inlA, inlB and prfA) was also studied in L. monocytogenes. Results revealed a strong antibacterial and antibiofilm action with MICs and MBICs ranging from 0.03% to 0.06% (v/v) and from 0.06% to 0.13% (v/v), respectively. The application of the EO at 6.25% (v/v) for 15 min resulted in the total eradication of the biofilm cells of both pathogens. The EO was mainly composed of thymol, p-cymene, γ-terpinene and carvacrol. The 3 h exposure of L. monocytogenes planktonic cells to the EO at its MBIC (0.06% v/v) resulted in the significant downregulation of all the studied genes (p < 0.05). To sum, the results obtained advocate for the further exploitation of the antimicrobial action of oregano EO in food and health applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Kolypetri
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Hygiene, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of the Environment, University of the Aegean, 81400 Myrina, Lemnos, Greece
| | - Dimitra Kostoglou
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Hygiene, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of the Environment, University of the Aegean, 81400 Myrina, Lemnos, Greece
| | - Anastasios Nikolaou
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Health Sciences, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Yiannis Kourkoutas
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Health Sciences, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Efstathios Giaouris
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Hygiene, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of the Environment, University of the Aegean, 81400 Myrina, Lemnos, Greece
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N’Tcha C, Sina H, Bourobou DN, Hoteyi SMI, Boya B, Agnimonhan R, Mavoungou JF, Adjanohoun A, Babalola OO, Baba-Moussa L. Resistance and Biofilm Production Profile of Potential Isolated from Kpètè-Kpètè Used to Produce Traditional Fermented Beer. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1939. [PMID: 37630499 PMCID: PMC10459457 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11081939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to characterize the pathogenicity of bacteria isolated from the starter of two traditional beers produced and consumed in Benin. After standard microbial identification, species were identified by specific biochemical tests such as catalase, coagulase, and API 20 E. Antibiotic sensitivity was tested according to the French Society of Microbiology Antibiogram Committee. The crystal violet microplate technique evaluated the biofilm production and conventional PCR was used to identify genes encoding virulence and macrolide resistance. According to our data, the traditional starter known as kpètè-kpètè that is used to produce beer is contaminated by Enterobacteriaceae and staphylococci species. Thus, 28.43% of the isolated bacteria were coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS), and 10.93% coagulase-positive staphylococci (CPS). Six species such as Klebsiella terrigena (1.38%), Enterobacter aerogens (4.14%), Providencia rettgeri (5.51%), Chryseomonas luteola (6.89%), Serratia rubidae (15.16%), and Enterobacter cloacae (27.56%) were identified among Enterobacteriaceae. Those bacterial strains are multi-resistant to conventional antibiotics. The hight capability of produced biofilms was recorded with Enterobacter aerogens, Klebsiella terrigena (100%), Providencia rettgeri (75%), and Staphylococcus spp (60%). Enterobacter cloacae (4%) and coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (5.55%) harbor the macrolide resistance gene. For other strains, these genes were not detected. Foods contaminated with bacteria resistant to antibiotics and carrying a virulence gene could constitute a potential public health problem. There is a need to increase awareness campaigns on hygiene rules in preparing and selling these traditional beers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine N’Tcha
- Laboratory of Biology and Molecular Typing in Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Abomey-Calavi, Abomey-Calavi 05 BP 1604, Benin; (C.N.); (H.S.); (S.M.I.H.); (B.B.); (R.A.)
| | - Haziz Sina
- Laboratory of Biology and Molecular Typing in Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Abomey-Calavi, Abomey-Calavi 05 BP 1604, Benin; (C.N.); (H.S.); (S.M.I.H.); (B.B.); (R.A.)
| | - Dyana Ndiade Bourobou
- Institut de Recherches Agronomiques et Forestières (IRAF), BP.12978 Gros-Bouquet, Libreville B.P. 16 182, Gabon; (D.N.B.); (J.F.M.)
| | - S. M. Ismaël Hoteyi
- Laboratory of Biology and Molecular Typing in Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Abomey-Calavi, Abomey-Calavi 05 BP 1604, Benin; (C.N.); (H.S.); (S.M.I.H.); (B.B.); (R.A.)
| | - Bawa Boya
- Laboratory of Biology and Molecular Typing in Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Abomey-Calavi, Abomey-Calavi 05 BP 1604, Benin; (C.N.); (H.S.); (S.M.I.H.); (B.B.); (R.A.)
| | - Raoul Agnimonhan
- Laboratory of Biology and Molecular Typing in Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Abomey-Calavi, Abomey-Calavi 05 BP 1604, Benin; (C.N.); (H.S.); (S.M.I.H.); (B.B.); (R.A.)
| | - Jacques François Mavoungou
- Institut de Recherches Agronomiques et Forestières (IRAF), BP.12978 Gros-Bouquet, Libreville B.P. 16 182, Gabon; (D.N.B.); (J.F.M.)
| | - Adolphe Adjanohoun
- National Agronomic Research Institute of Benin, Cotonou 01 BP 884, Benin;
| | - Olubukola Oluranti Babalola
- Food Security and Safety Focus Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa
| | - Lamine Baba-Moussa
- Laboratory of Biology and Molecular Typing in Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Abomey-Calavi, Abomey-Calavi 05 BP 1604, Benin; (C.N.); (H.S.); (S.M.I.H.); (B.B.); (R.A.)
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11
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Wan Omar WH, Mahyudin NA, Azmi NN, Mahmud Ab Rashid NK, Ismail R, Mohd Yusoff MHY, Khairil Mokhtar NF, Sharples GJ. Effect of natural antibacterial clays against single biofilm formation by Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella Typhimurium bacteria on a stainless-steel surface. Int J Food Microbiol 2023; 394:110184. [PMID: 36996693 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2023.110184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella Typhimurium have a propensity to develop biofilms on food contact surfaces, such as stainless-steel, that persist despite rigorous cleaning and sanitizing procedures. Since both bacterial species pose a significant public health risk within the food chain, improved anti-biofilm measures are needed. This study examined the potential of clays as antibacterial and anti-biofilm agents against these two pathogens on appropriate contact surfaces. Natural soil was processed to yield leachates and suspensions of both untreated and treated clays. Soil particle size, pH, cation-exchange capacity, and metal ions were characterized to assess their importance in bacterial killing. Initial antibacterial screening was performed on nine distinct types of natural Malaysian soil using a disk diffusion assay. Untreated leachate from Kuala Gula and Kuala Kangsar clays were found to inhibit S. aureus (7.75 ± 0.25 mm) and Salmonella Typhimurium (11.85 ± 1.63 mm), respectively. The treated Kuala Gula suspension (50.0 and 25.0 %) reduced S. aureus biofilms by 4.4 and 4.2 log at 24 and 6 h, respectively, while treated Kuala Kangsar suspension (12.5 %) by a 4.16 log reduction at 6 h. Although less effective, the treated Kuala Gula leachate (50.0 %) was effective in removing Salmonella Typhimurium biofilm with a decrease of >3 log in 24 h. In contrast to Kuala Kangsar clays, the treated Kuala Gula clays contained a much higher soluble metal content, especially Al (301.05 ± 0.45 ppm), Fe (691.83 ± 4.80 ppm) and Mg (88.44 ± 0.47 ppm). Elimination of S. aureus biofilms correlated with the presence of Fe, Cu, Pb, Ni, Mn and Zn irrespective of the pH of the leachate. Our findings demonstrate that a treated suspension is the most effective for eradication of S. aureus biofilms with a potential as a sanitizer-tolerant, natural antibacterial against biofilms for applications in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Hasyera Wan Omar
- Halal Products Research Institute, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nor Ainy Mahyudin
- Halal Products Research Institute, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Food Service and Management, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Nur Naqiyah Azmi
- Halal Products Research Institute, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nor-Khaizura Mahmud Ab Rashid
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Roslan Ismail
- Department of Land Management, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | | | - Gary J Sharples
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham DHI 3LE, United Kingdom
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12
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Doulgeraki AI, Kamarinou CS, Nychas GJE, Argyri AA, Tassou CC, Moulas G, Chorianopoulos N. Role of Microbial Interactions across Food-Related Bacteria on Biofilm Population and Biofilm Decontamination by a TiO 2-Nanoparticle-Based Surfactant. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12040573. [PMID: 37111459 PMCID: PMC10141041 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12040573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbial interactions play an important role in initial cell adhesion and the endurance of biofilm toward disinfectant stresses. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of microbial interactions on biofilm formation and the disinfecting activity of an innovative photocatalytic surfactant based on TiO2 nanoparticles. Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella Enteritidis, Escherichia coli, Leuconostoc spp., Latilactobacillus sakei, Serratia liquefaciens, Serratia proteomaculans, Citrobacter freundii, Hafnia alvei, Proteus vulgaris, Pseudomonas fragi, and Brochothrix thermosphacta left to form mono- or dual-species biofilms on stainless steel (SS) coupons. The effectiveness of the photocatalytic disinfectant after 2 h of exposure under UV light on biofilm decontamination was evaluated. The effect of one parameter i.e., exposure to UV or disinfectant, was also determined. According to the obtained results, the microbial load of a mature biofilm depended on the different species or dual species that had adhered to the surface, while the presence of other species could affect the biofilm population of a specific microbe (p < 0.05). The disinfectant strengthened the antimicrobial activity of UV, as, in most cases, the remaining biofilm population was below the detection limit of the method. Moreover, the presence of more than one species affected the resistance of the biofilm cells to UV and the disinfectant (p < 0.05). In conclusion, this study confirms that microbial interactions affected biofilm formation and decontamination, and it demonstrates the effectiveness of the surfactant with the photocatalytic TiO2 agent, suggesting that it could be an alternative agent with which to disinfect contaminated surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agapi I Doulgeraki
- Institute of Technology of Agricultural Products, Hellenic Agricultural Organization-DIMITRA, S. Venizelou 1, 14123 Lycovrissi, Greece
| | - Christina S Kamarinou
- Institute of Technology of Agricultural Products, Hellenic Agricultural Organization-DIMITRA, S. Venizelou 1, 14123 Lycovrissi, Greece
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - George-John E Nychas
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Biotechnology of Foods, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Anthoula A Argyri
- Institute of Technology of Agricultural Products, Hellenic Agricultural Organization-DIMITRA, S. Venizelou 1, 14123 Lycovrissi, Greece
| | - Chrysoula C Tassou
- Institute of Technology of Agricultural Products, Hellenic Agricultural Organization-DIMITRA, S. Venizelou 1, 14123 Lycovrissi, Greece
| | | | - Nikos Chorianopoulos
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Biotechnology of Foods, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
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13
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Lim ES, Nam SJ, Koo OK, Kim JS. Protective role of Acinetobacter and Bacillus for Escherichia coli O157:H7 in biofilms against sodium hypochlorite and extracellular matrix-degrading enzymes. Food Microbiol 2023; 109:104125. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2022.104125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Chemical Composition, Antioxidant, and Antibiofilm Properties of Essential Oil from Thymus capitatus Plants Organically Cultured on the Greek Island of Lemnos. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031154. [PMID: 36770821 PMCID: PMC9919994 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Essential oils (EOs) are mixtures of volatile plant secondary metabolites and have been exploited by humans for thousands of years for various purposes because of their many bioactivities. In this study, the EO from Thymus capitatus, a thyme species organically cultured on the Greek Island of Lemnos, was analyzed for its chemical composition (through GC-FID and GC-MS), antioxidant activity (AA), and total phenolic content (TPC), as well as its antimicrobial and antibiofilm actions against three important foodborne bacterial pathogens (Salmonella enterica ser. Typhimurium, Listeria monocytogenes, and Yersinia enterocolitica). For the latter investigations, the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimum biofilm inhibitory concentrations (MBICs) of the EO against the planktonic and biofilm growth of each pathogen were determined, together with the minimum biofilm eradication concentrations (MBECs). Results revealed that T. capitatus EO was rich in thymol, p-cymene, and carvacrol, presenting high AA and TPC (144.66 μmol TroloxTM equivalents and 231.32 mg gallic acid equivalents per g of EO, respectively), while its MICs and MBICs ranged from 0.03% to 0.06% v/v and 0.03% to 0.13% v/v, respectively, depending on the target pathogen. The EO was able to fully destroy preformed (mature) biofilms of all three pathogenic species upon application for 15 min, with MBECs ranging from 2.00 to 6.25% v/v. Overall, the results demonstrate that the EO of organically cultured T. capitatus presents strong antioxidant, antibacterial, and antibiofilm properties and could, therefore, be further exploited as a functional and antimicrobial natural formulation for food and health applications.
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15
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Abd-Ellatif S, Ibrahim AA, Safhi FA, Abdel Razik ES, Kabeil SSA, Aloufi S, Alyamani AA, Basuoni MM, ALshamrani SM, Elshafie HS. Green Synthesized of Thymus vulgaris Chitosan Nanoparticles Induce Relative WRKY-Genes Expression in Solanum lycopersicum against Fusarium solani, the Causal Agent of Root Rot Disease. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11223129. [PMID: 36432858 PMCID: PMC9695361 DOI: 10.3390/plants11223129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium solani is a plant pathogenic fungus that causes tomato root rot disease and yield losses in tomato production. The current study's main goal is testing the antibacterial efficacy of chitosan nanoparticles loaded with Thyme vulgaris essential oil (ThE-CsNPs) against F. solani in vitro and in vivo. GC-MS analysis was used to determine the chemical constituents of thyme EO. ThE-CsNPs were investigated using transmission electron microscopy before being physicochemically characterized using FT-IR. ThE-CsNPs were tested for antifungal activity against F. solani mycelial growth in vitro. A pot trial was conducted to determine the most effective dose of ThE-CsNPs on the morph/physiological characteristics of Solanum lycopersicum, as well as the severity of fusarium root rot. The relative gene expression of WRKY transcript factors and defense-associated genes were quantified in root tissues under all treatment conditions. In vitro results revealed that ThE-CsNPs (1%) had potent antifungal efficacy against F. solani radial mycelium growth. The expression of three WRKY transcription factors and three tomato defense-related genes was upregulated. Total phenolic, flavonoid content, and antioxidant enzyme activity were all increased. The outfindings of this study strongly suggested the use of ThE-CsNPs in controlling fusarium root rot on tomatoes; however, other experiments remain necessary before they are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sawsan Abd-Ellatif
- Bioprocess Development Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technology Applications, Alexandria 21934, Egypt
| | - Amira A. Ibrahim
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Arish University, Al-Arish 45511, Egypt
| | - Fatmah A. Safhi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Elsayed S. Abdel Razik
- Plant Protection and Biomolecular Diagnosis Department, Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technology Applications, Alexandria 21934, Egypt
| | - Sanaa S. A. Kabeil
- Protein Research Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technology Applications, Alexandria 21934, Egypt
| | - Salman Aloufi
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amal A. Alyamani
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mostafa M. Basuoni
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | | | - Hazem S. Elshafie
- School of Agricultural, Forestry, Food and Environmental Sciences (SAFE), University of Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy
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16
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Rahman MA, Sahoo N, Yemmireddy V. Analysis of Sanitizer Rotation on the Susceptibility, Biofilm Forming Ability and Caco-2 Cell Adhesion and Invasion of Listeria. Pathogens 2022; 11:961. [PMID: 36145393 PMCID: PMC9502273 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11090961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of sanitizer use conditions on the susceptibility, biofilm forming ability and pathogenicity of Listeria monocytogenes. Two different strains of L. monocytogenes and a non-pathogenic L. innocua were exposed to sodium hypochlorite, benzalkonium chloride and peroxyacetic acid at different concentrations (4 to 512 ppm) and treatment times (30 s to 5 min), respectively. Under the tested conditions, no significant difference (p > 0.05) in reduction was observed among the three tested sanitizers. A reduction of 1 to 8 log CFU/mL was observed depending upon the sanitizer concentration and treatment times. The survived cells at the highest sublethal concentration and treatment time of a particular sanitizer upon re-exposure to the same or different sanitizer showed either no change or increased susceptibility when compared to parent strains. Upon repeated exposure to sanitizers at progressively increasing concentrations from 1 to 128 ppm, L. innocua was able to survive concentrations of up to 32 ppm benzalkonium chloride and 64 ppm peroxyacetic acid treatments, respectively. At the tested sub-lethal concentrations, no significant difference (p > 0.05) in biofilm formation was observed among the tested strains. Caco-2 interaction with L. innocua showed a reduction in invasion ability with sublethal concentrations of sanitizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Asfakur Rahman
- Department of Biology, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX 78539, USA
| | - Nirakar Sahoo
- Department of Biology, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX 78539, USA
| | - Veerachandra Yemmireddy
- Department of Biology, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX 78539, USA
- School of Earth, Environmental and Marine Sciences, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX 78539, USA
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17
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Postali E, Peroukidou P, Giaouris E, Papachristoforou A. Investigating Possible Synergism in the Antioxidant and Antibacterial Actions of Honey and Propolis from the Greek Island of Samothrace through Their Combined Application. Foods 2022; 11:2041. [PMID: 35885284 PMCID: PMC9316648 DOI: 10.3390/foods11142041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Several honeybee products are known for their functional properties, including important antioxidant and antimicrobial actions. The present study examines the antioxidant activity (AA), total polyphenolic content (TPC), and antibacterial action of honey and propolis samples collected from the Greek island of Samothrace, which were applied in vitro either individually or in combination in selected concentrations. To accomplish this, the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity and the Folin-Ciocalteu assays were employed to determine the AA and TPC, respectively, while the antibacterial action was investigated against each one of four important pathogenic bacterial species causing foodborne diseases (i.e., Salmonella enterica, Yersinia enterocolitica, Staphylococcus aureus, and Listeria monocytogenes) using the agar well diffusion assay. Compared to honey, propolis presented significantly higher AA and TPC, while its combined application with honey (at ratios of 1:1, 3:1, and 1:3) did not increase these values. Concerning the antibacterial action, Y. enterocolitica was proven to be the most resistant of all the tested bacteria, with none of the samples being able to inhibit its growth. S. enterica was susceptible only to the honey samples, whereas L. monocytogenes only to the propolis samples. The growth of S. aureus was inhibited by both honey and propolis, with honey samples presenting significantly higher efficacy than those of propolis. Νo synergism in the antibacterial actions was observed against any of the tested pathogens. Results obtained increase our knowledge of some of the medicinal properties of honey and propolis and may contribute to their further exploitation for health promotion and/or food-related applications (e.g., as preservatives to delay the growth of pathogenic bacteria).
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Affiliation(s)
- Evdoxia Postali
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Hygiene, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of the Environment, University of the Aegean, Ierou Lochou 10 & Makrygianni, 81400 Myrina, Greece; (E.P.); (P.P.); (A.P.)
| | - Panagiota Peroukidou
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Hygiene, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of the Environment, University of the Aegean, Ierou Lochou 10 & Makrygianni, 81400 Myrina, Greece; (E.P.); (P.P.); (A.P.)
| | - Efstathios Giaouris
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Hygiene, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of the Environment, University of the Aegean, Ierou Lochou 10 & Makrygianni, 81400 Myrina, Greece; (E.P.); (P.P.); (A.P.)
| | - Alexandros Papachristoforou
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Hygiene, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of the Environment, University of the Aegean, Ierou Lochou 10 & Makrygianni, 81400 Myrina, Greece; (E.P.); (P.P.); (A.P.)
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
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18
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Dong Q, Sun L, Fang T, Wang Y, Li Z, Wang X, Wu M, Zhang H. Biofilm Formation of Listeria monocytogenes and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a Simulated Chicken Processing Environment. Foods 2022; 11:1917. [PMID: 35804733 PMCID: PMC9265453 DOI: 10.3390/foods11131917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the mono- and dual-species biofilm formation of Listeria monocytogenes and Pseudomonas aeruginosa incubated in different culture mediums, inoculum ratios, and incubation time. The planktonic cell population and motility were examined to understand the correlation with biofilm formation. The results showed that chicken juice significantly inhibited the biofilm formation of L. monocytogenes (p < 0.05). Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the dominant bacteria in the dual-species biofilm formation in the trypticase soy broth medium. The dynamic changes in biofilm formation were not consistent with the different culture conditions. The growth of planktonic L. monocytogenes and P. aeruginosa in the suspension was inconsistent with their growth in the biofilms. There was no significant correlation between motility and biofilm formation of L. monocytogenes and P. aeruginosa. Moreover, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results revealed that the biofilm structure of L. monocytogenes was loose. At the same time, P. aeruginosa formed a relatively dense network in mono-species biofilms in an initial adhesion stage (24 h). SEM results also showed that P. aeruginosa was dominant in the dual-species biofilms. Overall, these results could provide a theoretical reference for preventing and controlling the biofilm formation of L. monocytogenes and P. aeruginosa in the food processing environment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingli Dong
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; (Q.D.); (L.S.); (T.F.); (Z.L.); (X.W.); (M.W.)
| | - Linjun Sun
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; (Q.D.); (L.S.); (T.F.); (Z.L.); (X.W.); (M.W.)
- School of Food and Drug, Shanghai Zhongqiao Vocational and Technical University, Shanghai 201514, China;
| | - Taisong Fang
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; (Q.D.); (L.S.); (T.F.); (Z.L.); (X.W.); (M.W.)
| | - Yuan Wang
- School of Food and Drug, Shanghai Zhongqiao Vocational and Technical University, Shanghai 201514, China;
| | - Zhuosi Li
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; (Q.D.); (L.S.); (T.F.); (Z.L.); (X.W.); (M.W.)
| | - Xiang Wang
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; (Q.D.); (L.S.); (T.F.); (Z.L.); (X.W.); (M.W.)
| | - Mengjie Wu
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; (Q.D.); (L.S.); (T.F.); (Z.L.); (X.W.); (M.W.)
| | - Hongzhi Zhang
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai 200336, China
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Review of CRISPR-Cas Systems in Listeria Species: Current Knowledge and Perspectives. Int J Microbiol 2022; 2022:9829770. [PMID: 35502187 PMCID: PMC9056214 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9829770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria spp. are pathogens widely distributed in the environment and Listeria monocytogenes is associated with food-borne illness in humans. Food facilities represent an adverse environment for this bacterium, mainly due to the disinfection and cleaning processes included in good hygiene practices, and its virulence is related to stress responses. One of the recently described stress-response systems is CRISPR-Cas. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and CRISPR-associated (cas) genes have been found in several bacteria. CRISPR-Cas has revolutionized biotechnology since it acts as an adaptive immune system of bacteria, which also helps in the evasion of the host immune response. There are three CRISPR systems described on Listeria species. Type II is present in many pathogenic bacteria and characterized by the presence of cas9 that becomes the main target of some anti-CRISPR proteins, such as AcrIIA1, encoded on Listeria phages. The presence of Cas9, either alone or in combination with anti-CRISPR proteins, suggests having a main role on the virulence of bacteria. In this review, we describe the most recent information on CRISPR-Cas systems in Listeria spp., particularly in L. monocytogenes, and their relationship with the virulence and pathogenicity of those bacteria. Besides, some applications of CRISPR systems and future challenges in the food processing industry, bacterial vaccination, antimicrobial resistance, pathogens biocontrol by phage therapy, and regulation of gene expression have been explored.
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Cai S, Snyder AB. Thermoresistance in Black Yeasts Is Associated with Halosensitivity and High Pressure Processing Tolerance but Not with UV Tolerance or Sanitizer Tolerance. J Food Prot 2022; 85:203-212. [PMID: 34614188 DOI: 10.4315/jfp-21-314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Black yeasts can survive extreme conditions in food production because of their polyextremotolerant character. However, significant strain-to-strain variation in black yeast thermoresistance has been observed. In this study, we assessed the variability in tolerance to nonthermal interventions among a collection of food-related black yeast strains. Variation in tolerance to UV light treatment, high pressure processing (HPP), sanitizers, and osmotic pressure was observed within each species. The two strains previously shown to possess high thermotolerance, Exophiala phaeomuriformis FSL-E2-0572 and Exophiala dermatitidis YB-734, were also the most HPP tolerant but were the least halotolerant. Meanwhile, Aureobasidium pullulans FSL-E2-0290 was the most UV and sanitizer tolerant but had been shown to have relatively low thermoresistance. Fisher's exact tests showed that thermoresistance in black yeasts was associated with HPP tolerance and inversely with halotolerance, but no association was found with UV tolerance or sanitizer tolerance. Collectively, the relative stress tolerance among strains varied across interventions. Given this variation, different food products are susceptible to black yeast spoilage. In addition, different strains should be selected in challenge studies specific to the intervention. HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Cai
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Abigail B Snyder
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
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21
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Antibiofilm activity of glycolic acid and glyoxal and their diffusion–reaction interactions with biofilm components. Food Res Int 2022; 152:110921. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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22
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Kim SH, Jyung S, Kang DH. Comparative study of Salmonella Typhimurium biofilms and their resistance depending on cellulose secretion and maturation temperatures. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.112700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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23
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Xu ZS, Yang X, Gänzle MG. Resistance of biofilm- and pellicle-embedded strains of Escherichia coli encoding the transmissible locus of stress tolerance (tLST) to oxidative sanitation chemicals. Int J Food Microbiol 2021; 359:109425. [PMID: 34607035 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2021.109425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Biofilm formation in food processing plants reduces the efficacy of sanitation. The presence of transmissible locus of stress tolerance (tLST) also enhances resistance of planktonic cells of Escherichia coli to sanitation chemicals but the role of tLST in resistance of biofilm-embedded cells remains unclear. This study investigated the link of tLST to biofilm formation and its contribution to resistance of biofilm-embedded E. coli to sanitation. Biofilms were formed as single-strain and as dual-strain biofilms in association with E. coli, Aeromonas australensis or Carnobacterium maltaromaticum. Biofilms on stainless steel were compared to floating biofilms formed at the air-liquid interface (pellicles). The resistance of biofilm-embedded tLST positive strains of E. coli to chlorine, hydrogen peroxide, and peroxyacetic acid was higher than the resistance of tLST negative strains. Higher biofilm density as measured by crystal violet staining was observed in tLST-positive strains of E. coli when compared to tLST negative strains. Biofilm density positively correlated to resistance to disinfectants. The use of confocal laser scanning microscopy detected more compact structure of pellicles compared to solid surface-attached biofilms, resulting in higher chlorine resistance despite the absence of tLST in strains of E. coli. Collectively, the findings of this study elucidated the impact of tLST in strains of E. coli on biofilm formation and sanitizer resistance. These findings may inform the development of improved sanitization protocols for food facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohui S Xu
- University of Alberta, Dept. of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Xianqin Yang
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe Research and Development Centre, 6000 C and E Trail, Lacombe T4L 1W1, AB, Canada
| | - Michael G Gänzle
- University of Alberta, Dept. of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
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Strantzali D, Kostoglou D, Perikleous A, Zestas M, Ornithopoulou S, Dubois-Brissonnet F, Giaouris E. Comparative assessment of the disinfection effectiveness of thymol and benzalkonium chloride against adapted and non-adapted to thymol biofilm cells of a Salmonella Typhimurium epidemic phage type DT193 strain. Food Control 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.108239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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25
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Drawing inspiration from nature to develop anti-fouling coatings: the development of biomimetic polymer surfaces and their effect on bacterial fouling. PURE APPL CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/pac-2021-0108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The development of self-cleaning biomimetic surfaces has the potential to be of great benefit to human health, in addition to reducing the economic burden on industries worldwide. Consequently, this study developed a biomimetic wax surface using a moulding technique which emulated the topography of the self-cleaning Gladiolus hybridus (Gladioli) leaf. A comparison of topographies was performed for unmodified wax surfaces (control), biomimetic wax surfaces, and Gladioli leaves using optical profilometry and scanning electron microscopy. The results demonstrated that the biomimetic wax surface and Gladioli leaf had extremely similar surface roughness parameters, but the water contact angle of the Gladioli leaf was significantly higher than the replicated biomimetic surface. The self-cleaning properties of the biomimetic and control surfaces were compared by measuring their propensity to repel Escherichia coli and Listeria monocytogenes attachment, adhesion, and retention in mono- and co-culture conditions. When the bacterial assays were carried out in monoculture, the biomimetic surfaces retained fewer bacteria than the control surfaces. However, when using co-cultures of the bacterial species, only following the retention assays were the bacterial numbers reduced on the biomimetic surfaces. The results demonstrate that such surfaces may be effective in reducing biofouling if used in the appropriate medical, marine, and industrial scenarios. This study provides valuable insight into the anti-fouling physical and chemical control mechanisms found in plants, which are particularly appealing for engineering purposes.
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Pineda MR, Byrd JA, Genovese KJ, Farnell YZ, Zhao D, Wang X, Milby AC, Farnell MB. Evaluation of Sodium Bisulfate on Reducing Salmonella Heidelberg Biofilm and Colonization in Broiler Crops and Ceca. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9102047. [PMID: 34683366 PMCID: PMC8540007 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9102047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella Heidelberg (SH) on contaminated poultry causes economic and health risks to producers and consumers. We hypothesized that sodium bisulfate (SBS) would decrease SH biofilm on polyvinyl chloride (PVC) coupons and decrease the horizontal transfer of SH in broilers. Experiment 1: Salmonella Heidelberg biofilm was cultured with PVC coupons, which were treated with SBS at a pH of 3.5 for 10 min, 8 h, and 24 h. Experiment 2: Nine replicate pens per treatment were divided between two rooms. A seeder contact model was used to mimic a natural infection environment. Treatments consisted of tap water or sodium bisulfate in water at a pH of 3.5. Salmonella Heidelberg incidence and enumeration were measured in crops and ceca. Sodium bisulfate significantly reduced biofilm by 2.16 and 1.04 logs when treated for 8 and 24 h, respectively. Crop colonization was significantly decreased in trials 1 and 2 by 0.29 and 0.23 logs, respectively. Crop pH was significantly decreased in trial 2. Ceca colonization was significantly decreased in trial 1 by 0.39 logs. The results from the present study suggest that SBS may be administered to drinking water to decrease SH gut colonization and to reduce biofilm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Rose Pineda
- Department of Poultry Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (M.R.P.); (Y.Z.F.); (D.Z.); (X.W.); (A.C.M.)
| | - James Allen Byrd
- Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, College Station, TX 77845, USA; (J.A.B.); (K.J.G.)
| | - Kenneth James Genovese
- Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, College Station, TX 77845, USA; (J.A.B.); (K.J.G.)
| | - Yuhua Zhang Farnell
- Department of Poultry Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (M.R.P.); (Y.Z.F.); (D.Z.); (X.W.); (A.C.M.)
| | - Dan Zhao
- Department of Poultry Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (M.R.P.); (Y.Z.F.); (D.Z.); (X.W.); (A.C.M.)
| | - Xi Wang
- Department of Poultry Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (M.R.P.); (Y.Z.F.); (D.Z.); (X.W.); (A.C.M.)
| | - Allison Claire Milby
- Department of Poultry Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (M.R.P.); (Y.Z.F.); (D.Z.); (X.W.); (A.C.M.)
| | - Morgan Brian Farnell
- Department of Poultry Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (M.R.P.); (Y.Z.F.); (D.Z.); (X.W.); (A.C.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(979)-847-7363
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Efficacy of three lytic bacteriophages for eradicating biofilms of multidrug-resistant Proteus mirabilis. Arch Virol 2021; 166:3311-3322. [PMID: 34559314 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-021-05241-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Proteus mirabilis is one of the most frequent causes of catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) owing to its capability to colonize and develop crystalline multidrug-resistant (MDR) biofilms. Here, we report the isolation and partial characterization of three novel bacteriophages, vB_PmiM-ES1a, vB_PmiM-ES1b, and vB_PmiM-ES1c, which were active against the planktonic form and biofilms of the MDR P. mirabilis strain ES01, isolated from CAUTIs in Egypt. The antibiotic susceptibility profile of the P. mirabilis isolates showed resistance to most of the antibiotics tested. The isolated phages were identified morphologically using TEM, and each appeared to have myovirus-like morphology. The three phages displayed strong lytic activity and a narrow host range, and they were stable at different ranges of temperatures and pH values. One-step growth kinetics showed a lysis time of 180 min with a burst size of 99.6, 95, and 86 PFU/cell for phage vB_PmiM-ES1a, vB_PmiM-ES1b, and vB_PmiM-ES1c, respectively. The three phages exhibited different digestion patterns using different restriction enzymes. The genome size was estimated to be 59.39 kb, 62.19 kb, and 52.07 kb for phage vB_PmiM-ES1a, vB_PmiM-ES1b, and vB_PmiM-ES1c, respectively. A phage cocktail including the three phages showed a potential ability to reduce and eradicate a biofilm formed by the MDR Proteus mirabilis EG-ES1. Accordingly, a phage cocktail of vB_PmiM-ES1a, vB_PmiM-ES1b, and vB_PmiM-ES1c is considered a promising candidate for use as a biocontrol agent against MDR Proteus mirabilis bacteria.
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28
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Abbasi K, Tajbakhsh E, Momtaz H. Antimicrobial resistance, virulence genes, and biofilm formation in
Staphylococcus aureus
strains isolated from meat and meat products. J Food Saf 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jfs.12933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kobra Abbasi
- Department of Microbiology Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University Shahrekord Iran
| | - Elahe Tajbakhsh
- Department of Microbiology Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University Shahrekord Iran
| | - Hassan Momtaz
- Department of Microbiology Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University Shahrekord Iran
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29
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Thymus vulgaris Essential Oil and Its Biological Activity. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10091959. [PMID: 34579491 PMCID: PMC8467294 DOI: 10.3390/plants10091959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Thymus vulgaris essential oil has potential good biological activity. The aim of the research was to evaluate the biological activity of the T. vulgaris essential oil from the Slovak company. The main components of T. vulgaris essential oil were thymol (48.1%), p-cymene (11.7%), 1,8-cineole (6.7), γ-terpinene (6.1%), and carvacrol (5.5%). The antioxidant activity was 85.2 ± 0.2%, which corresponds to 479.34 ± 1.1 TEAC. The antimicrobial activity was moderate or very strong with inhibition zones from 9.89 to 22.44 mm. The lowest values of MIC were determined against B. subtilis, E. faecalis, and S. aureus. In situ antifungal analysis on bread shows that the vapor phase of T. vulgaris essential oil can inhibit the growth of the microscopic filamentous fungi of the genus Penicillium. The antimicrobial activity against S. marcescens showed 46.78-87.80% inhibition at concentrations 62.5-500 µL/mL. The MALDI TOF MS analyses suggest changes in the protein profile of biofilm forming bacteria P. fluorescens and S. enteritidis after the fifth and the ninth day, respectively. Due to the properties of the T. vulgaris essential oil, it can be used in the food industry as a natural supplement to extend the shelf life of the foods.
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30
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Contributions of Escherichia coli and Its Motility to the Formation of Dual-Species Biofilms with Vibrio cholerae. Appl Environ Microbiol 2021; 87:e0093821. [PMID: 34260307 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00938-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilm formation is important in both the environmental and intestinal phases of the Vibrio cholerae life cycle. Nevertheless, most studies of V. cholerae biofilm formation focus on monospecies cultures, whereas nearly all biofilm communities found in nature consist of a variety of microorganisms. Multispecies biofilms formed between V. cholerae and other bacteria in the environment and the interactions that exist between these species are still poorly understood. In this study, the influence of Escherichia coli on the biofilm formation of V. cholerae was studied in the context of both in vitro coculture and in vivo coinfection. To understand the underlying synergistic mechanisms between these two species and to investigate the role of E. coli in V. cholerae biofilm formation, different pathotypes of E. coli and corresponding deletion mutants lacking genes that influence flagellar motility, curli fibers, or type I pili were cocultured with V. cholerae. Our findings demonstrate that the presence of commensal E. coli increases biofilm formation at the air-liquid interface in vitro and the generation of biofilm-like multicellular clumps in mouse feces. Examination of laboratory E. coli flagellar-motility ΔfliC and ΔmotA mutants in dual-species biofilm formation suggests that flagellar motility plays an important role in the synergistic interaction and coaggregation formation between V. cholerae and E. coli. This study facilitates a better understanding of how V. cholerae resides in harsh environments and colonizes the intestine. IMPORTANCE Biofilms play an important role in the V. cholerae life cycle. Until now, only monospecies biofilm formation of V. cholerae has been well studied. However, in nature, bacteria live in complex microbial communities, where biofilm is mostly composed of multiple microbial species that interact to cooperate with or compete against each other. Uncovering how V. cholerae forms multispecies biofilms is critical for furthering our understanding of how V. cholerae survives in the environment and transitions to infecting the human host. In this work, the dual-species biofilm containing V. cholerae and Escherichia coli was investigated. We demonstrate that the presence of commensal E. coli increased overall biofilm formation. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the motility of E. coli flagella is important for V. cholerae and E. coli to form coaggregation clumps in a dual-species biofilm. These results shed light on a new mechanism for understanding the survival and pathogenesis of V. cholerae.
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31
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Pablos C, Govaert M, Angarano V, Smet C, Marugán J, Van Impe JFM. Photocatalytic inactivation of dual- and mono-species biofilms by immobilized TiO 2. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2021; 221:112253. [PMID: 34271411 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2021.112253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Biofilms formed by different bacterial species are likely to play key roles in photocatalytic resistance. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of a photocatalytic immobilized nanotube system (TiO2-NT) (IS) and suspended nanoparticles (TiO2-NP) (SS) against mono- and dual-species biofilms developed by Gram-negative and Gram-positive strains. Two main factors were corroborated to significantly affect the biofilm resistance during photocatalytic inactivation, i.e., the biofilm-growth conditions and biofilm-forming surfaces. Gram-positive bacteria showed great photosensitivity when forming dual-species biofilms in comparison with the Gram-positive bacteria in single communities. When grown onto TiO2-NT (IS) surfaces for immobilized photocatalytic systems, mono- and dual-species biofilms did not exhibit differences in photocatalytic inactivation according to kinetic constant values (p > 0.05) but led to a reduction of ca. 3-4 log10. However, TiO2-NT (IS) surfaces did affect biofilm colonization as the growth of mono-species biofilms of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria is significantly (p ≤ 0.05) favored compared to co-culturing; although, the photocatalytic inactivation rate did not show initial bacterial concentration dependence. The biofilm growth surface (which depends on the photocatalytic configuration) also favored resistance of mono-species biofilms of Gram-positive bacteria compared to that of Gram-negative in immobilized photocatalytic systems, but opposite behavior was confirmed with suspended TiO2 (p ≤ 0.05). Successful efficacy of immobilized TiO2 for inactivation of mono- and dual-species biofilms was accomplished, making it feasible to transfer this technology into real scenarios in water treatment and food processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Pablos
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Technology, ESCET, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, c/Tulipán s/n, 28933 Móstoles, Madrid, Spain.
| | - M Govaert
- Department of Chemical Engineering, BioTeC+ Chemical and Biochemical Process Technology and Control, KU Leuven, Gebroeders De Smetstraat 1, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - V Angarano
- Department of Chemical Engineering, BioTeC+ Chemical and Biochemical Process Technology and Control, KU Leuven, Gebroeders De Smetstraat 1, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - C Smet
- Department of Chemical Engineering, BioTeC+ Chemical and Biochemical Process Technology and Control, KU Leuven, Gebroeders De Smetstraat 1, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - J Marugán
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Technology, ESCET, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, c/Tulipán s/n, 28933 Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
| | - J F M Van Impe
- Department of Chemical Engineering, BioTeC+ Chemical and Biochemical Process Technology and Control, KU Leuven, Gebroeders De Smetstraat 1, B-9000 Gent, Belgium.
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Bonneville L, Maia V, Barroso I, Martínez-Suárez JV, Brito L. Lactobacillus plantarum in Dual-Species Biofilms With Listeria monocytogenes Enhanced the Anti- Listeria Activity of a Commercial Disinfectant Based on Hydrogen Peroxide and Peracetic Acid. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:631627. [PMID: 34394015 PMCID: PMC8363201 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.631627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work was to investigate the effect of dual-species biofilms of Listeria monocytogenes with Lactobacillus plantarum on the anti-Listeria activity of a hydrogen peroxide/peracetic acid based commercial disinfectant (P3, Oxonia) when using conditions approaching the food industry environment. Nine strains of L. monocytogenes, including eight persistent strains collected from the meat industry and one laboratory control strain, were used in mono and in dual-species biofilms with a strain of L. plantarum. Biofilms were produced on stainless steel coupons (SSCs), at 11°C (low temperature) or at 25°C (control temperature), in TSB-YE (control rich medium) or in 1/10 diluted TSB-YE (mimicking the situation of biofilm formation after a deficient industrial cleaning procedure). The biofilm forming ability of the strains was evaluated by enumeration of viable cells, and the antibiofilm activity of P3 was assessed by the log reduction of viable cells on SSC. In both nutrient conditions and at low temperature, there was no significant difference (p > 0.05) between L. monocytogenes biofilm forming ability in mono- and in dual-species biofilms. In dual-species biofilms, L. monocytogenes was the dominant species. However, it was generally more susceptible to the lower concentration of P3 0.5% (v/v) than in pure culture biofilms. The presence of L. plantarum, although without significant interference in the number of viable cells of L. monocytogenes, enhanced the efficacy of the anti-Listeria activity of P3, since dual-species biofilms were easier to control. The results presented here reinforce the importance of the investigation into co-culture biofilms produced in food industry conditions, namely at low temperatures, when susceptibility to sanitizers is being assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lourenço Bonneville
- Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food (LEAF), Departamento dos Recursos Naturais, Ambiente e Território (DRAT), Instituto Superior de Agronomia, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Vera Maia
- Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food (LEAF), Departamento dos Recursos Naturais, Ambiente e Território (DRAT), Instituto Superior de Agronomia, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Inês Barroso
- Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food (LEAF), Departamento dos Recursos Naturais, Ambiente e Território (DRAT), Instituto Superior de Agronomia, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Joaquín V Martínez-Suárez
- Departamento de Tecnología de Alimentos, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Luisa Brito
- Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food (LEAF), Departamento dos Recursos Naturais, Ambiente e Território (DRAT), Instituto Superior de Agronomia, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
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Olszewska MA, Diez-Gonzalez F. Characterization of Binary Biofilms of Listeria monocytogenes and Lactobacillus and Their Response to Chlorine Treatment. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:638933. [PMID: 34335486 PMCID: PMC8317434 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.638933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In nature, Listeria may interact competitively and cooperatively with other organisms, resulting in unique spatial organization and functions for cells within the community. This study was undertaken to characterize the biofilm architecture of binary biofilms of Listeria monocytogenes and Lactobacillus species and to assess their effect on the survival of Listeria during exposure to hypochlorite. Three L. monocytogenes strains, ATCC 19115 (Lm5), ATCC 19117 (Lm7), and Coleslaw (LmC), were selected and combined individually with three Lactobacillus strains: L. fermentum (Lf), L. bavaricus (Lb), and L. plantarum (Lp). In binary Lm-Lp biofilms, the Lm cell counts were similar to single-species biofilms (8.5 log CFU/well), and the Lp cell numbers declined by 1.0 log CFU/well. In the presence of Lb, the Lm cell counts were reduced by 1.5 log CFU/well (p < 0.05), whereas the Lf cell counts increased at least by 3.5 log CFU/well. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) determined that interspecies interactions significantly affected the spatial organization of three binary biofilms. Biofilm surface-to-volume ratio increased from 0.8 μm2/μm3 for Lm5 in the monoculture to 2.1 μm2/μm3 for Lm5-Lp in the dual-species model (p < 0.05), and was characterized by a thicker structure with a largely increased surface area. Biofilm roughness increased from 0.2 for Lm7 to 1.0 for Lm7-Lb biofilms (p < 0.05), which appeared as interspecific segregation. Biofilm thickness increased from 34.2 μm for LmC to 46.3 μm for LmC–Lf (p < 0.05), which produced flat and compact structures that covered the entire surface available. The biomass of the extracellular matrix was higher in the case of some binary biofilms (p < 0.05); however, this effect was dependent upon the species pair. When treated with hypochlorite, Lm5 in binary biofilms had an approximately 1.5 log CFU/well greater survival than individually. The unique spatial organization and greater protein production may explain the protective effect of Lp after hypochlorite exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena A Olszewska
- Center for Food Safety, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, Griffin, GA, United States.,Department of Industrial and Food Microbiology, Faculty of Food Science, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Francisco Diez-Gonzalez
- Center for Food Safety, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, Griffin, GA, United States
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Papadopoulou OS, Argyri AA, Kounani V, Tassou CC, Chorianopoulos N. Use of Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy for Monitoring the Shelf Life and Safety of Yogurts Supplemented With a Lactobacillus plantarum Strain With Probiotic Potential. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:678356. [PMID: 34262543 PMCID: PMC8273496 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.678356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study aimed to explore the performance of a probiotic Lactobacillus strain as an adjunct culture in yogurt production and to assess Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy as a rapid, noninvasive analytical technique to evaluate the quality and the shelf life of yogurt during storage. In this respect, bovine milk (full-fat) was inoculated with the typical yogurt starter culture without (control case) or with the further addition of Lactobacillus plantarum T571 as an adjunct (probiotic case). The milk was also inoculated with a cocktail mixture of three strains of Listeria monocytogenes in two different initial levels of inoculum, and the fermentation process was followed. Accordingly, yogurt samples were stored at 4 and 12°C, and microbiological, physicochemical, molecular, and sensory analyses were performed during storage. Results showed that the lactic acid bacteria exceeded 7 log CFU/g during storage in all samples, where the probiotic samples displayed higher acidity, lower pH, and reduced counts of Lb. monocytogenes in a shorter period than the control ones at both temperatures. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis verified the presence of the probiotic strain until the end of storage at both temperatures and in adequate amounts, whereas the survival and the distribution of Listeria strains depended on the case. The sensory evaluation showed that the probiotic samples had desirable organoleptic characteristics, similar to the control. Finally, the spectral data collected from the yogurt samples during storage were correlated with microbiological counts and sensory data. Partial least squares and support vector machine regression and classification models were developed to provide quantitative estimations of yogurt microbiological counts and qualitative estimations of their sensory status, respectively, based on Fourier transform infrared fingerprints. The developed models exhibited satisfactory performance, and the acquired results were promising for the rapid estimation of the microbiological counts and sensory status of yogurt.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anthoula A. Argyri
- Institute of Technology of Agricultural Products, Hellenic Agricultural Organization — DIMITRA, Athens, Greece
| | | | | | - Nikos Chorianopoulos
- Institute of Technology of Agricultural Products, Hellenic Agricultural Organization — DIMITRA, Athens, Greece
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35
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Lim ES, Kim JJ, Sul WJ, Kim JS, Kim B, Kim H, Koo OK. Metagenomic Analysis of Microbial Composition Revealed Cross-Contamination Pathway of Bacteria at a Foodservice Facility. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:636329. [PMID: 33912146 PMCID: PMC8071874 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.636329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial contamination of food-contact surfaces can be a potential risk factor for food quality and safety. To evaluate the spatial and temporal variations of the potential cross-contamination routes, we conducted a biogeographical assessment of bacteria in a foodservice facility based on the diversity of microflora on each surface. To this end, we performed high-throughput amplicon sequencing of 13 food-contact and non-food contact surfaces in a foodservice facility throughout a year. The results showed that Bacillus, Acinetobacter, Streptophyta, Enterobacter, Pseudomonas, Serratia, Enhydrobacter, Staphylococcus, Paracoccus, and Lysinibacillus were the dominant genera found on the kitchen surfaces of the foodservice facility. Depending on the season, changes in Firmicute/Proteobacteria ratios were observed, and the fan becomes the main source of outdoor air contamination. The microbial flow associated with spoilage was also observed throughout food preparation. Taken together, our results would be a powerful reference to hygiene managers for improvement of food processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Seob Lim
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea.,Food Safety Research Team, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, South Korea
| | - Jin Ju Kim
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, South Korea
| | - Woo Jun Sul
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, South Korea
| | - Joo-Sung Kim
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea.,Food Safety Research Team, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, South Korea
| | - Bomin Kim
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea.,Center for Eco-Friendly New Materials, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Hun Kim
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea.,Center for Eco-Friendly New Materials, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Ok Kyung Koo
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea.,Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
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36
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Joerger RD, Ganguli A, Wachira J, Hardy Q. Evaluation of sodium hypochlorite and peroxyacetic acid to prevent transfer of surface‐attached
Listeria monocytogenes
to produce. J Food Saf 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jfs.12882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rolf D. Joerger
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences University of Delaware Newark Delaware USA
| | - Arpeeta Ganguli
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences University of Delaware Newark Delaware USA
| | - Juliet Wachira
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences University of Delaware Newark Delaware USA
| | - Quincy Hardy
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences University of Delaware Newark Delaware USA
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37
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Scheik LK, Volcan Maia DS, Würfel SDFR, Ramires T, Kleinubing NR, Haubert L, Lopes GV, da Silva WP. Biofilm-forming ability of poultry Campylobacter jejuni strains in the presence and absence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Can J Microbiol 2021; 67:301-309. [PMID: 33703923 DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2020-0256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The aims of this study were to evaluate the ability of Campylobacter jejuni isolated from a poultry slaughterhouse to form biofilm in the presence and absence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and the effect of surface (stainless steel, polystyrene), temperature (7, 25, and 42 °C), and oxygen concentration (microaerophilic and aerobic conditions) on the formation of biofilm. The genes ahpC, cadF, clpP, dnaJ, docA, flaA, flaB, katA, kpsM, luxS, racR, and sodB, related to biofilm formation by C. jejuni, were also investigated. All isolates formed biofilm on stainless steel and on polystyrene, in both aerobic and microaerophilic atmospheres, including temperatures not optimal for C. jejuni growth (7 and 25 °C), and biofilm also was formed in the presence of P. aeruginosa. In dual-species biofilm on stainless steel, biofilm formation was 2-6 log CFU·cm-2 higher at 7 °C for all isolates, in comparison with monospecies biofilm. Ten genes (ahpC, cadF, clpP, dnaJ, docA, flaA, flaB, luxS, racR, and sodB) were detected in all isolates, but katA and kpsM were found in four and six isolates, respectively. The results obtained are of concern because the poultry C. jejuni isolates form biofilm in different conditions, which is enhanced in the presence of other biofilm formers, such as P. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letícia Klein Scheik
- Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia Agroindustrial, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
| | - Darla Silveira Volcan Maia
- Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia Agroindustrial, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
| | - Simone de Fátima Rauber Würfel
- Núcleo de Biotecnologia, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
| | - Tassiana Ramires
- Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia Agroindustrial, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
| | - Natalie Rauber Kleinubing
- Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia Agroindustrial, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
| | - Louise Haubert
- Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia Agroindustrial, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
| | - Graciela Volz Lopes
- Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia Agroindustrial, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
| | - Wladimir Padilha da Silva
- Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia Agroindustrial, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil.,Núcleo de Biotecnologia, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
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38
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Kostoglou D, Tsaklidou P, Iliadis I, Garoufallidou N, Skarmoutsou G, Koulouris I, Giaouris E. Advanced Killing Potential of Thymol against a Time and Temperature Optimized Attached Listeria monocytogenes Population in Lettuce Broth. Biomolecules 2021; 11:397. [PMID: 33800308 PMCID: PMC7998208 DOI: 10.3390/biom11030397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Fresh vegetables and salads are increasingly implicated in outbreaks of foodborne infections, such as those caused by Listeria monocytogenes, a dangerous pathogen that can attach to the surfaces of the equipment creating robust biofilms withstanding the killing action of disinfectants. In this study, the antimicrobial efficiency of a natural plant terpenoid (thymol) was evaluated against a sessile population of a multi-strain L. monocytogenes cocktail developed on stainless steel surfaces incubated in lettuce broth, under optimized time and temperature conditions (54 h at 30.6 °C) as those were determined following response surface modeling, and in comparison, to that of an industrial disinfectant (benzalkonium chloride). Prior to disinfection, the minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) of each compound were determined against the planktonic cells of each strain. The results revealed the advanced killing potential of thymol, with a concentration of 625 ppm (= 4 × MBC) leading to almost undetectable viable bacteria (more than 4 logs reduction following a 15-min exposure). For the same degree of killing, benzalkonium chloride needed to be used at a concentration of at least 20 times more than its MBC (70 ppm). Discriminative repetitive sequence-based polymerase chain reaction (rep-PCR) also highlighted the strain variability in both biofilm formation and resistance. In sum, thymol was found to present an effective anti-listeria action under environmental conditions mimicking those encountered in the salad industry and deserves to be further explored to improve the safety of fresh produce.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Efstathios Giaouris
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Hygiene, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of the Environment, University of the Aegean, 81400 Myrina, Lemnos, Greece; (D.K.); (P.T.); (I.I.); (N.G.); (G.S.); (I.K.)
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39
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Xu JG, Meng J, Bao WJ, Kang JM, Chen JY, Han BZ. Occurrence of disinfectant-resistant bacteria in a fresh-cut vegetables processing facility and their role in protecting Salmonella enteritidis. RSC Adv 2021; 11:10291-10299. [PMID: 35423506 PMCID: PMC8695711 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra09325d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemical disinfectants are widely used to control foodborne pathogen contamination in fresh-cut vegetables (FVs) processing facilities. In this study, we investigated the disinfectant-resistant bacteria in a FVs processing facility and evaluate the effects of these bacteria on Salmonella enteritidis biofilm formation and disinfectant resistance. The disinfectant-resistance profiles were determined using 0.02% sodium hypochlorite (NaClO), 0.2% benzalkonium bromide (BAB) and 2% hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) solutions. The results showed the high occurrence of disinfectant resistant bacteria in the FVs processing environment, especially in the clean area. All isolates showed planktonic susceptibility to H2O2 and BAB, while the Gram-positive isolates were specifically resistant to NaClO. Isolates with biofilm-forming ability showed resistance to tested disinfectants. Disinfectant resistance of S. enteritidis was not significantly enhanced in most of the mixed-species biofilms, except for Bacillus paramycoides B5 which not only increased the biomass but also enhanced the survival ability of the Salmonella under NaClO treatment. Increased biomass and compact biofilm structures were observed in mixed-species biofilms by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). This study provides new insights into the disinfectant-resistant bacteria from food processing facilities and highlights their relevance for foodborne pathogen contamination. The occurrence of disinfectant-resistant bacteria in a fresh-cut vegetables processing facility was observed, and Bacillus paramycoides B5 enhanced S. enteritidis survival under NaClO treatment.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Guo Xu
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University Beijing 100083 China
| | - Jiao Meng
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University Beijing 100083 China
| | - Wen-Jing Bao
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University Beijing 100083 China
| | - Jia-Mu Kang
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University Beijing 100083 China
| | - Jing-Yu Chen
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University Beijing 100083 China
| | - Bei-Zhong Han
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University Beijing 100083 China
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40
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Kim U, Kim JH, Oh SW. Review of multi-species biofilm formation from foodborne pathogens: multi-species biofilms and removal methodology. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:5783-5793. [PMID: 33663287 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1892585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Multi-species biofilms are ubiquitous worldwide and are a concern in the food industry. Multi-species biofilms have a higher resistance to antimicrobial therapies than mono-species biofilms. In addition, multi-species biofilms can cause severe foodborne diseases. To remove multi-species biofilms, controlling the formation process of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and quorum sensing (QS) effects is essential. EPS disruption, inhibition of QS, and disinfection have been utilized to remove multi-species biofilms. This review presents information on the formation and novel removal methods for multi-species biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Unji Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kookmin University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin-Hee Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kookmin University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Se-Wook Oh
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kookmin University, Seoul, Korea
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41
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Esmael A, Azab E, Gobouri AA, Nasr-Eldin MA, Moustafa MMA, Mohamed SA, Badr OAM, Abdelatty AM. Isolation and Characterization of Two Lytic Bacteriophages Infecting a Multi-Drug Resistant Salmonella Typhimurium and Their Efficacy to Combat Salmonellosis in Ready-to-Use Foods. Microorganisms 2021; 9:423. [PMID: 33670722 PMCID: PMC7922427 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9020423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Foodborne salmonellosis is a global threat to public health. In the current study, we describe the isolation and characterization of two broad-spectrum, lytic Salmonella phages: SPHG1 and SPHG3 infecting a multidrug-resistant Salmonella Typhimurium EG.SmT3. Electron microscopy and whole genome analysis identified SPHG1 as a Myovirus, while SPHG3 as a new member of the genus "Kuttervirus" within the family Ackermannviridae. SPHG1 and SPHG3 had a lysis time of 60 min. with burst sizes of 104 and 138 PFU/cell, respectively. The two phages were robust at variable temperatures and pH ranges that match the corresponding values of most of the food storage and processing conditions. A phage cocktail containing the two phages was stable in the tested food articles for up to 48 h. The application of the phage cocktail at MOIs of 1000 or 100 resulted in a significant reduction in the viable count of S. Typhimurium by 4.2 log10/sample in milk, water, and on chicken breast. Additionally, the phage cocktail showed a prospective ability to eradicate and reduce the biofilm that formed by S. Typhimurium EG.SmT3. A phage cocktail of SPHG1 and SPHG3 is considered as a promising candidate as a biocontrol agent against foodborne salmonellosis due to its broad host ranges, highly lytic activities, and the absence of any virulence or lysogeny-related genes in their genomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Esmael
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Qalubiya Governorate 13511, Egypt;
| | - Ehab Azab
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Adil A. Gobouri
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohamed A. Nasr-Eldin
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Qalubiya Governorate 13511, Egypt;
| | - Mahmoud M. A. Moustafa
- Department of Genetics and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Qalubiya Governorate 13736, Egypt; (M.M.A.M.); (S.A.M.); (O.A.M.B.)
| | - Shereen A. Mohamed
- Department of Genetics and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Qalubiya Governorate 13736, Egypt; (M.M.A.M.); (S.A.M.); (O.A.M.B.)
| | - Omnia A. M. Badr
- Department of Genetics and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Qalubiya Governorate 13736, Egypt; (M.M.A.M.); (S.A.M.); (O.A.M.B.)
| | - Alzahraa M. Abdelatty
- Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
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42
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Acosta F, Montero D, Izquierdo M, Galindo-Villegas J. High-level biocidal products effectively eradicate pathogenic γ-proteobacteria biofilms from aquaculture facilities. AQUACULTURE (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2021; 532:736004. [PMID: 39175494 PMCID: PMC11338163 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2020.736004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
The use of effective biocides as disinfectants is essential in aquaculture facilities. However, while most biocides act effectively on free-living planktonic pathogens, they are seldom useful against biofilms. In this study, we evaluate the biocidal efficacy and antimicrobial specific contact time of three disinfectants, Virkon™Aquatic (VirA), peracetic acid (PerA) and hydrogen peroxide (HydP), on Vibrio anguillarum, V. harveyi, V. alginolyticus, and Photobacterium damselae subspecies piscicida against their both life phases. By using the minimum inhibitory, bactericidal, and eradication concentrations of disinfectants acting on the free-living planktonic state (MIC; MBC) and biofilms (MBIC; MBEC), we determined the in vitro susceptibility of each bacterial strain against three different individual concentrations of VirA, PerA, and HydP added at 1, 5, and 10 min intervals. PerA and VirA had the highest bactericidal efficacies against the free-living planktonic state and biofilm of all bacteria. Kinetically, PerA gave a positive result more quickly in both cases regardless of the strain in question, while the weakest HydP required longer than 10 min to act effectively. Moreover, we conducted a short in vivo safety trial by pouring the suggested MIC of each disinfectant into tanks containing juvenile Gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata). A significant mortality after 24 h was observed pointing to the potential risk a mishap of these chemicals might cause to fish. Nevertheless, collectively, our results support the inclusion of biocides within biosecurity protocols in aquaculture facilities and highlight PerA as the most effective disinfectant for fighting against biofilms produced by V. anguillarum, V. harveyi, V. alginolyticus or P. damselae subsp. piscicida.
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Affiliation(s)
- Félix Acosta
- Grupo de Investigación en Acuicultura (GIA), IU-ECOAQUA, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Crta. Taliarte s/n, Telde, Las Palmas, Canary Islands, 35214, Spain
| | - Daniel Montero
- Grupo de Investigación en Acuicultura (GIA), IU-ECOAQUA, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Crta. Taliarte s/n, Telde, Las Palmas, Canary Islands, 35214, Spain
| | - Marisol Izquierdo
- Grupo de Investigación en Acuicultura (GIA), IU-ECOAQUA, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Crta. Taliarte s/n, Telde, Las Palmas, Canary Islands, 35214, Spain
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43
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Duze ST, Marimani M, Patel M. Tolerance of Listeria monocytogenes to biocides used in food processing environments. Food Microbiol 2021; 97:103758. [PMID: 33653529 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2021.103758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a foodborne pathogen that causes a life-threatening disease in humans known as listeriosis. Contamination of food during processing is the main route of transmission of Listeria monocytogenes. Therefore, biocides play a crucial role in food processing environments as they act as the first line of defense in the prevention and control of L. monocytogenes. Residues of biocides may be present at sublethal concentrations after disinfection. This, unfortunately, subjects L. monocytogenes to selection pressure, giving rise to tolerant strains, which pose a threat to food safety and public health. This review will give a brief description of L. monocytogenes, the clinical manifestation, treatment of listeriosis as well as recently recorded outbreaks. The article will then discuss the current literature on the ability of L. monocytogenes strains to tolerate biocides especially quaternary ammonium compounds as well as the mechanisms of tolerance towards biocides including the activation of efflux pump systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanelisiwe Thinasonke Duze
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, 2193, South Africa.
| | - Musa Marimani
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, 2193, South Africa
| | - Mrudula Patel
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, 2193, South Africa; National Health Laboratory Services and Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, 2193, South Africa
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44
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Wilson A, Chandry PS, Turner MS, Courtice JM, Fegan N. Comparison between cage and free-range egg production on microbial composition, diversity and the presence of Salmonella enterica. Food Microbiol 2021; 97:103754. [PMID: 33653527 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2021.103754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The microbial composition of the food production environment plays an important role in food safety and quality. This study employed both 16 S rRNA gene sequencing technology and culture-based techniques to investigate the bacterial microbiota of an egg production facility comprising of both free-range and conventional cage housing systems. The study also aimed to detect the presence of Salmonella enterica and determine whether its presence was positively or negatively associated with other taxa. Our findings revealed that microbiota profiles of free-range and cage houses differ considerably in relation to the relative abundance and diversity with a number of taxa unique to each system and to individual sampling sites within sheds. Core to each housing system were known inhabitants of the poultry gastrointestinal tracts, Romboutsia and Turicibacter, as well as common spoilage bacteria. Generally, free-range samples contained fewer taxa and were dominated by Staphylococcus equorum, differentiating them from the cage samples. Salmonella enterica was significantly associated with the presence of a taxa belonging to the Carnobacteriaceae family. The results of this study demonstrate that the diversity and composition of the microbiota is highly variable across egg layer housing systems, which could have implications for productivity, food safety and spoilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annaleise Wilson
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia; CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Coopers Plains, Queensland, Australia.
| | | | - Mark S Turner
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jodi M Courtice
- Division of Research and Innovation, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Narelle Fegan
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Coopers Plains, Queensland, Australia
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45
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All Treatment Parameters Affect Environmental Surface Sanitation Efficacy, but Their Relative Importance Depends on the Microbial Target. Appl Environ Microbiol 2020; 87:AEM.01748-20. [PMID: 33097504 PMCID: PMC7755260 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01748-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental sanitation in food manufacturing plants promotes food safety and product microbial quality. However, the development of experimental models remains a challenge due to the complex nature of commercial cleaning processes, which include spraying water and sanitizer on equipment and structural surfaces within manufacturing space. Although simple in execution, the physical driving forces are difficult to simulate in a controlled laboratory environment. Here, we present a bench-scale bioreactor system which mimics the flow conditions in environmental sanitation programs. We applied computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulations to obtain fluid flow parameters that better approximate and predict industrial outcomes. According to the CFD model, the local wall shear stress achieved on the target surface ranged from 0.015 to 5.00 Pa. Sanitation efficacy on six types of environmental surface materials (hydrophobicity, 57.59 to 88.61°; roughness, 2.2 to 11.9 μm) against two different microbial targets, the bacterial pathogen Listeria monocytogenes and Exophiala species spoilage fungi, were evaluated using the bench-scale bioreactor system. The relative reduction ranged from 0.0 to 0.82 for Exophiala spp., which corresponded to a 0.0 to 2.21 log CFU/coupon reduction, and the relative reduction ranged from 0.0 to 0.93 in L. monocytogenes which corresponded to a 0.0 to 6.19 log CFU/coupon reduction. Although most treatment parameters were considered statistically significant against either L. monocytogenes or Exophiala spp., contact time was ranked as the most important predictor for L. monocytogenes reduction. Shear stress contributed the most to Exophiala spp. removal on stainless steel and Buna-N rubber, while contact time was the most important factor on HDPE (high-density polyethylene), cement, and epoxy.IMPORTANCE Commercial food manufacturers commonly employ a single sanitation program that addresses both bacterial pathogen and fungal spoilage microbiota, despite the fact that the two microbial targets respond differently to various environmental sanitation conditions. Comparison of outcome-based clusters of treatment combinations may facilitate the development of compensatory sanitation regimes where longer contact time or greater force are applied so that lower sanitizer concentrations can be used. Determination of microbiological outcomes related to sanitation program efficacy against a panel of treatment conditions allows food processors to balance tradeoffs between quality and safety with cost and waste stream management, as appropriate for their facility.
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Islam MS, Hu Y, Mizan MFR, Yan T, Nime I, Zhou Y, Li J. Characterization of Salmonella Phage LPST153 That Effectively Targets Most Prevalent Salmonella Serovars. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8071089. [PMID: 32708328 PMCID: PMC7409278 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8071089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Foodborne diseases represent a major risk to public health worldwide. In this study, LPST153, a novel Salmonella lytic phage with halo (indicative of potential depolymerase activity) was isolated by employing Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium ATCC 13311 as the host and had excellent lytic potential against Salmonella. LPST153 is effectively able to lyse most prevalent tested serotypes of Salmonella, including S. Typhimurium, S. Enteritidis, S. Pullorum and S. Gallinarum. Morphological analysis revealed that phage LPST153 belongs to Podoviridae family and Caudovirales order and could completely prevent host bacterial growth within 9 h at multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 0.1, 1, 10 and 100. LPST153 had a latent period of 10 min and a burst size of 113 ± 8 PFU/cell. Characterization of the phage LPST153 revealed that it would be active and stable in some harsh environments or in different conditions of food processing and storage. After genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis, it is confirmed that LPST153 is a new member of the Teseptimavirus genus of Autographivirinae subfamily. Further application experiments showed that this phage has potential in controlling Salmonella in milk and sausage. LPST153 was also able to inhibit the formation of biofilms and it had the ability to reduce and kill bacteria from inside, including existing biofilms. Therefore, the phage LPST153 could be used as a potential antibacterial agent for Salmonella control in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Sharifull Islam
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (T.Y.); (I.N.)
| | - Yang Hu
- Division of Microbiology, Brewing and Biotechnology, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK;
| | | | - Ting Yan
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (T.Y.); (I.N.)
| | - Ishatur Nime
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (T.Y.); (I.N.)
| | - Yang Zhou
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
- Correspondence:
| | - Jinquan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (T.Y.); (I.N.)
- Laboratory of Bacterial Pathogenesis and Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065-6399, USA
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Getnet TG, da Silva GF, S. Duarte I, Kayama ME, Rangel EC, Cruz NC. Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Chemical Vapor Deposition of Carvacrol Thin Films on Stainless Steel to Reduce the Formation of E. Coli and S. Aureus Biofilms. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:E3166. [PMID: 32679884 PMCID: PMC7411687 DOI: 10.3390/ma13143166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we have investigated the deposition of thin films from natural carvacrol extract using dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma polymerization, aiming at the inhibition of bacteria adhesion and proliferation. The films deposited on stainless steel samples have been characterized by scanning electron microscopy, infrared reflectance-absorbance spectroscopy, profilometry, and contact angle measurements. Films with thicknesses ranging from 1.5 μm to 3.5 μm presented a chemical structure similar to that of carvacrol. While the formation of biofilm was observed on untreated samples, the coating completely inhibited the adhesion of E. coli and reduced the adhesion of S. aureus biofilm in more than 90%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsegaye Gashaw Getnet
- Laboratory of Technological Plasmas, São Paulo State University, Sorocaba 18087-180, SP, Brazil; (T.G.G.); (E.C.R.)
- Department of Chemistry, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar 79, Ethiopia
| | - Gabriela F. da Silva
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology, Federal University of Sao Carlos, Sorocaba 18052-780, SP, Brazil; (G.F.d.S.); (I.S.D.)
| | - Iolanda S. Duarte
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology, Federal University of Sao Carlos, Sorocaba 18052-780, SP, Brazil; (G.F.d.S.); (I.S.D.)
| | - Milton E. Kayama
- Laboratory of Plasmas and Applications, São Paulo State University, Guaratinguetá 12516-410, SP, Brazil; or
| | - Elidiane C. Rangel
- Laboratory of Technological Plasmas, São Paulo State University, Sorocaba 18087-180, SP, Brazil; (T.G.G.); (E.C.R.)
| | - Nilson C. Cruz
- Laboratory of Technological Plasmas, São Paulo State University, Sorocaba 18087-180, SP, Brazil; (T.G.G.); (E.C.R.)
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Solis-Velazquez OA, Gutiérrez-Lomelí M, Guerreo-Medina PJ, Rosas-García MDL, Iñiguez-Moreno M, Avila-Novoa MG. Nosocomial pathogen biofilms on biomaterials: Different growth medium conditions and components of biofilms produced in vitro. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY, AND INFECTION = WEI MIAN YU GAN RAN ZA ZHI 2020; 54:1038-1047. [PMID: 32680693 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2020.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE (S) Nosocomial pathogens can develop biofilms on hospital surfaces and medical devices; however, few studies have focused on the evaluation of mono-and dual-species biofilms developed by nosocomial pathogens under different growth conditions. METHODS This study investigated biofilm development by nosocomial pathogens (Acinetobacter baumannii, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) on biomaterials in different culture media and their components of the extracellular matrix biofilm. RESULTS The mono-species biofilms showed cell densities from 7.50 to 9.27 Log10 CFU/cm2 on natural rubber latex type I (NLTI) and from 7.58 to 8.79 Log10 CFU/cm2 on stainless steel (SS). Dual-species biofilms consisted of S. aureus + P. aeruginosa (7.87-8.27 Log10 CFU/cm2 in TSBP and TSBME onto SS; p < 0.05), E. coli + P. aeruginosa (8.32-8.86 Log10 CFU/cm2 in TSBME onto SS and TSBP onto NLTI; p < 0.05), and S. aureus + E. coli (7.82 Log10 CFU/cm2 in TSBME onto SS; p < 0.05). Furthermore, biofilm detachment after proteinase K treatment was 5.54-32.81% compared to 7.95-24.15% after DNase I treatment in the mono-dual species biofilm matrix. Epifluorescence microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) enabled visualizing the bacteria and extracellular polymeric substances of biofilms on SS and NLTI. CONCLUSION Nosocomial pathogens can develop biofilms on biomaterials. Mono-species biofilms of Gram-negative bacteria showed lower densities than dual-species biofilms in TSBME and TSBP. Additionally, dual-species biofilms showed a higher concentration of proteins and eDNA in the extracellular matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Alberto Solis-Velazquez
- Laboratorio de Microbiología, Departamento de Ciencias Médicas y de la Vida, Centro Universitario de la Ciénega, Universidad de Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Melesio Gutiérrez-Lomelí
- Laboratorio de Alimentos, Departamento de Ciencias Médicas y de la Vida, Centro Universitario de la Ciénega, Universidad de Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Pedro Javier Guerreo-Medina
- Laboratorio de Alimentos, Departamento de Ciencias Médicas y de la Vida, Centro Universitario de la Ciénega, Universidad de Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - María de Lourdes Rosas-García
- Laboratorio de Microbiología, Departamento de Ciencias Médicas y de la Vida, Centro Universitario de la Ciénega, Universidad de Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | | | - María Guadalupe Avila-Novoa
- Laboratorio de Microbiología, Departamento de Ciencias Médicas y de la Vida, Centro Universitario de la Ciénega, Universidad de Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.
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Thames HT, Theradiyil Sukumaran A. A Review of Salmonella and Campylobacter in Broiler Meat: Emerging Challenges and Food Safety Measures. Foods 2020; 9:E776. [PMID: 32545362 PMCID: PMC7353592 DOI: 10.3390/foods9060776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Poultry is one of the largest sources of animal-based protein in the United States. Poultry processing has grown from a small local network of plants to nearly 500 plants nationwide. Two of the most persistent bacteria in poultry processing are Salmonella and Campylobacter. It was not until the introduction of Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point systems in 1996 that major efforts to reduce bacterial contamination were developed. Traditionally, chlorine has been the industry standard for decontaminating chicken meat. However, antimicrobials such as peracetic acid, cetylpyridinium chloride, and acidified sodium chlorite have replaced chlorine as primary antimicrobials. Despite current interventions, the emergence of stress-tolerant and biofilm-forming Salmonella and Campylobacter is of primary concern. In an effort to offset growing tolerance from microbes, novel techniques such as cold plasma treatment, electrostatic spraying, and bacteriophage-based applications have been investigated as alternatives to conventional treatments, while new chemical antimicrobials such as Amplon and sodium ferrate are investigated as well. This review provides an overview of poultry processing in the United States, major microbes in poultry processing, current interventions, emerging issues, and emerging technologies in antimicrobial treatments.
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Lianou A, Nychas GJE, Koutsoumanis KP. Strain variability in biofilm formation: A food safety and quality perspective. Food Res Int 2020; 137:109424. [PMID: 33233106 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The inherent differences in microbial behavior among identically treated strains of the same microbial species, referred to as "strain variability", are regarded as an important source of variability in microbiological studies. Biofilms are defined as the structured multicellular communities with complex architecture that enable microorganisms to grow adhered to abiotic or living surfaces and constitute a fundamental aspect of microbial ecology. The research studies assessing the strain variability in biofilm formation are relatively few compared to the ones evaluating other aspects of microbial behavior such as virulence, growth and stress resistance. Among the available research data on intra-species variability in biofilm formation, compiled and discussed in the present review, most of them refer to foodborne pathogens as compared to spoilage microorganisms. Molecular and physiological aspects of biofilm formation potentially related to strain-specific responses, as well as information on the characterization and quantitative description of this type of biological variability are presented and discussed. Despite the considerable amount of available information on the strain variability in biofilm formation, there are certain data gaps and still-existing challenges that future research should cover and address. Current and future advances in systems biology and omics technologies are expected to aid significantly in the explanation of phenotypic strain variability, including biofilm formation variability, allowing for its integration in microbiological risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Lianou
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Biotechnology of Foods, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens 11855, Greece
| | - George-John E Nychas
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Biotechnology of Foods, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens 11855, Greece
| | - Konstantinos P Koutsoumanis
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Hygiene, Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece.
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