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Ortiz Vanegas GO, Kim HW. Improved hydrolysis of sewage sludge by air-assisted non-thermal plasma for enhanced biomethane recovery. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:28814-28826. [PMID: 38561541 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33006-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Conventional pretreatment technologies have been assessed to resolve the slow hydrolysis of sewage sludge, but high operating costs have prevented their wide use. This study investigated non-thermal plasma (NTP) technologies as an alternative to promote anaerobic digestion (AD). Various contact time (CT) and temperature (T) conditions were used to assess how NTP pretreatment improves the methane conversion of organics in sewage sludge. A multi-response surface model (RSM) using a central composite design (CCD) identified the optimal CT (4.6 h) and T (45 °C). This statistical optimization of NTP pretreatment led to an enhanced biochemical methane potential of 297 ± 46 mL CH4 g-1 COD by reducing operating cost as power consumption as low as 0.08 USD L-1. The result was comparable to those of other advanced oxidation processes (0.14 - 0.60 USD L-1) demonstrating that accelerated hydrolysis of sewage sludge using NTP pretreatment show potential for improving renewable energy recovery from sewage sludge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerardo Oswaldo Ortiz Vanegas
- Department of Environment and Energy, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-Daero, Deokjin-Gu, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Woo Kim
- Department of Environment and Energy, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-Daero, Deokjin-Gu, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Division of Civil, Environmental, Mineral Resources and Energy Engineering, Soil Environment Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-Daero, Deokjin-Gu, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Wang Z, Wang S, Hu Y, Du B, Meng J, Wu G, Liu H, Zhan X. Distinguishing responses of acetoclastic and hydrogenotrophic methanogens to ammonia stress in mesophilic mixed cultures. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 224:119029. [PMID: 36099760 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.119029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A shift from the acetoclastic to the hydrogenotrophic pathway in methanogenesis under ammonia inhibition is a common observation in anaerobic digestion. However, there are still considerable knowledge gaps concerning the differential ammonia tolerance of acetoclastic and hydrogenotrophic methanogens (AMs and HMs), their responses to different ammonia species (NH4+, NH3), and their recoverability after ammonia inhibition. With the successful enrichment of mesophilic AMs and HMs cultures, this study aimed at addressing the above knowledge gaps through batch inhibition/recovery tests and kinetic modeling under varying total ammonia (TAN, 0.2-10 g N/L) and pH (7.0-8.5) conditions. The results showed that the tolerance level of HMs to free ammonia (FAN, IC50=1345 mg N/L) and NH4+ (IC50=6050 mg N/L) was nearly 11 times and 3 times those of AMs (NH3, IC50=123 mg N/L; NH4+, IC50=2133 mg N/L), respectively. Consistent with general belief, the AMs were more impacted by FAN. However, the HMs were more adversely affected by NH4+ when the pH was ≤8.0. A low TAN (1.0-4.0 g N/L) could cause irreversible inhibition of the AMs due to significant cell death, whereas the activity of HMs could be fully or even over recovered from severe ammonia stress (FAN≤ 0.9 g N/L or TAN≤10 g N/L; pH ≤8.0). The different tolerance responses of AMs and HMs might be associated with the cell morphology, multiple energy-converting systems, and Gibbs free energy from substrate-level phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongzhong Wang
- Civil Engineering, College of Science and Engineering, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland; Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland; MaREI Center for Marine and Renewable Energy, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Shun Wang
- Civil Engineering, College of Science and Engineering, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland; Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland; MaREI Center for Marine and Renewable Energy, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Yuansheng Hu
- Civil Engineering, College of Science and Engineering, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland; Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.
| | - Bang Du
- Civil Engineering, College of Science and Engineering, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Jizhong Meng
- Civil Engineering, College of Science and Engineering, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland; Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Guangxue Wu
- Civil Engineering, College of Science and Engineering, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - He Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Xinmin Zhan
- Civil Engineering, College of Science and Engineering, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland; Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland; MaREI Center for Marine and Renewable Energy, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.
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3
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Wang Y, Mairinger W, Raj SJ, Yakubu H, Siesel C, Green J, Durry S, Joseph G, Rahman M, Amin N, Hassan MZ, Wicken J, Dourng D, Larbi E, Adomako LAB, Senayah AK, Doe B, Buamah R, Tetteh-Nortey JNN, Kang G, Karthikeyan A, Roy S, Brown J, Muneme B, Sene SO, Tuffuor B, Mugambe RK, Bateganya NL, Surridge T, Ndashe GM, Ndashe K, Ban R, Schrecongost A, Moe CL. Quantitative assessment of exposure to fecal contamination in urban environment across nine cities in low-income and lower-middle-income countries and a city in the United States. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 763:143007. [PMID: 34718001 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND During 2014 to 2019, the SaniPath Exposure Assessment Tool, a standardized set of methods to evaluate risk of exposure to fecal contamination in the urban environment through multiple exposure pathways, was deployed in 45 neighborhoods in ten cities, including Accra and Kumasi, Ghana; Vellore, India; Maputo, Mozambique; Siem Reap, Cambodia; Atlanta, United States; Dhaka, Bangladesh; Lusaka, Zambia; Kampala, Uganda; Dakar, Senegal. OBJECTIVE Assess and compare risk of exposure to fecal contamination via multiple pathways in ten cities. METHODS In total, 4053 environmental samples, 4586 household surveys, 128 community surveys, and 124 school surveys were collected. E. coli concentrations were measured in environmental samples as an indicator of fecal contamination magnitude. Bayesian methods were used to estimate the distributions of fecal contamination concentration and contact frequency. Exposure to fecal contamination was estimated by the Monte Carlo method. The contamination levels of ten environmental compartments, frequency of contact with those compartments for adults and children, and estimated exposure to fecal contamination through any of the surveyed environmental pathways were compared across cities and neighborhoods. RESULTS Distribution of fecal contamination in the environment and human contact behavior varied by city. Universally, food pathways were the most common dominant route of exposure to fecal contamination across cities in low-income and lower-middle-income countries. Risks of fecal exposure via water pathways, such as open drains, flood water, and municipal drinking water, were site-specific and often limited to smaller geographic areas (i.e., neighborhoods) instead of larger areas (i.e., cities). CONCLUSIONS Knowledge of the relative contribution to fecal exposure from multiple pathways, and the environmental contamination level and frequency of contact for those "dominant pathways" could provide guidance for Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) programming and investments and enable local governments and municipalities to improve intervention strategies to reduce the risk of exposure to fecal contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuke Wang
- Center for Global Safe Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene, Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Wolfgang Mairinger
- Center for Global Safe Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene, Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Suraja J Raj
- Center for Global Safe Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene, Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Habib Yakubu
- Center for Global Safe Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene, Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Casey Siesel
- Center for Global Safe Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene, Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jamie Green
- Center for Global Safe Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene, Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sarah Durry
- Center for Global Safe Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene, Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - George Joseph
- Water Global Practice, The World Bank, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Mahbubur Rahman
- Environmental Interventions Unit, Infectious Disease Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Nuhu Amin
- Environmental Interventions Unit, Infectious Disease Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | | | | | - Eugene Larbi
- Training Research and Networking for Development (TREND), Accra, Ghana
| | | | | | - Benjamin Doe
- Training Research and Networking for Development (TREND), Accra, Ghana
| | - Richard Buamah
- Department of Civil Engineering, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | | | - Gagandeep Kang
- Wellcome Research Laboratory, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - Arun Karthikeyan
- Wellcome Research Laboratory, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - Sheela Roy
- Wellcome Research Laboratory, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - Joe Brown
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Bacelar Muneme
- Water Supply and Mapping, WE Consult, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Seydina O Sene
- Initiative Prospective Agricole et Rurale (IPAR), Dakar, Senegal
| | - Benedict Tuffuor
- Training Research and Networking for Development (TREND), Accra, Ghana
| | - Richard K Mugambe
- Department of Disease Control and Environmental Health, Makerere University School of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Najib Lukooya Bateganya
- Department of Environment and Public Health, Kampala Capital City Authority, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Trevor Surridge
- Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH, Lusaka, Zambia
| | | | - Kunda Ndashe
- Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Health Science, Lusaka Apex Medical University, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Radu Ban
- Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Christine L Moe
- Center for Global Safe Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene, Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Fernández-Juárez V, Jaén-Luchoro D, Brito-Echeverría J, Agawin NSR, Bennasar-Figueras A, Echeveste P. Everything Is Everywhere: Physiological Responses of the Mediterranean Sea and Eastern Pacific Ocean Epiphyte Cobetia Sp. to Varying Nutrient Concentration. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2022; 83:296-313. [PMID: 33954842 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-021-01766-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Bacteria are essential in the maintenance and sustainment of marine environments (e.g., benthic systems), playing a key role in marine food webs and nutrient cycling. These microorganisms can live associated as epiphytic or endophytic populations with superior organisms with valuable ecological functions, e.g., seagrasses. Here, we isolated, identified, sequenced, and exposed two strains of the same species (i.e., identified as Cobetia sp.) from two different marine environments to different nutrient regimes using batch cultures: (1) Cobetia sp. UIB 001 from the endemic Mediterranean seagrass Posidonia oceanica and (2) Cobetia sp. 4B UA from the endemic Humboldt Current System (HCS) seagrass Heterozostera chilensis. From our physiological studies, both strains behaved as bacteria capable to cope with different nutrient and pH regimes, i.e., N, P, and Fe combined with different pH levels, both in long-term (12 days (d)) and short-term studies (4 d/96 h (h)). We showed that the isolated strains were sensitive to the N source (inorganic and organic) at low and high concentrations and low pH levels. Low availability of phosphorus (P) and Fe had a negative independent effect on growth, especially in the long-term studies. The strain UIB 001 showed a better adaptation to low nutrient concentrations, being a potential N2-fixer, reaching higher growth rates (μ) than the HCS strain. P-acquisition mechanisms were deeply investigated at the enzymatic (i.e., alkaline phosphatase activity, APA) and structural level (e.g., alkaline phosphatase D, PhoD). Finally, these results were complemented with the study of biochemical markers, i.e., reactive oxygen species (ROS). In short, we present how ecological niches (i.e., MS and HCS) might determine, select, and modify the genomic and phenotypic features of the same bacterial species (i.e., Cobetia spp.) found in different marine environments, pointing to a direct correlation between adaptability and oligotrophy of seawater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Fernández-Juárez
- Marine Ecology and Systematics (MarES), Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain.
| | - Daniel Jaén-Luchoro
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Culture Collection University of Gothenburg (CCUG), Sahlgrenska Academy of the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jocelyn Brito-Echeverría
- Instituto de Ciencias Naturales Alexander von Humboldt, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Nona S R Agawin
- Marine Ecology and Systematics (MarES), Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain
| | | | - Pedro Echeveste
- Instituto de Ciencias Naturales Alexander von Humboldt, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
- Instituto Milenio de Oceanografía, Concepción, Chile
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5
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Odour Nuisance at Municipal Waste Biogas Plants and the Effect of Feedstock Modification on the Circular Economy—A Review. ENERGIES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/en14206470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The increase in the amount of municipal solid waste (MSW) generated, among other places, in households is a result of the growing population, economic development, as well as the urbanisation of areas with accompanying insufficiently effective measures to minimise waste generation. There are many methods for treating municipal waste, with the common goal of minimising environmental degradation and maximising resource recovery. Biodegradable waste, including selectively collected biowaste (BW), also plays an essential role in the concept of the circular economy (CE), which maximises the proportion of waste that can be returned to the system through organic recycling and energy recovery. Methane fermentation is a waste treatment process that is an excellent fit for the CE, both technically, economically, and environmentally. This study aims to analyse and evaluate the problem of odour nuisance in municipal waste biogas plants (MWBPs) and the impact of the feedstock (organic fraction of MSW-OFMSW and BW) on this nuisance in the context of CE assumptions. A literature review on the subject was carried out, including the results of our own studies, showing the odour nuisance and emissions from MWBPs processing both mixed MSW and selectively collected BW. The odour nuisance of MWBPs varies greatly. Odour problems should be considered regarding particular stages of the technological line. They are especially seen at the stages of waste storage, fermentation preparation, and digestate dewatering. At examined Polish MWBPs cod ranged from 4 to 78 ou/m3 for fermentation preparation and from 8 to 448 ou/m3 for digestate dewatering. The conclusions drawn from the literature review indicate both the difficulties and benefits that can be expected with the change in the operation of MWBPs because of the implementation of CE principles.
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Kamranvand F, Davey CJ, Williams L, Parker A, Jiang Y, Tyrrel S, McAdam EJ. Ultrafiltration pretreatment enhances membrane distillation flux, resilience and permeate quality during water recovery from concentrated blackwater (urine/faeces). Sep Purif Technol 2020; 253:117547. [PMID: 33335447 PMCID: PMC7511602 DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.117547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
UF is used as a pre-treatment to reduce membrane distillation fouling. UF removes particles and colloids from blackwater but low MW fraction increases. Whilst UF treated blackwater high in organics, flux and water quality is stable. Without UF pre-treatment, severe fouling reduces flux, which reduces quickly. With UF pre-treatment, permeate quality consistently meets treatment quality.
In this study, the pretreatment of concentrated blackwater using ultrafiltration (UF) was shown to improve the permeability, selectivity and robustness of membrane distillation (MD) for application to wastewater treatment. Concentrated blackwater comprises urine and faeces, with minimal flushwater added. The faecal contribution increased the soluble organic fraction and introduced coarse and colloidal particles into the urine, which increased resistance to filtration during dead-end UF. Ultrafiltration removed the particulate and colloidal fractions (MW > 500 kDa) from the blackwater, which permitted similar permeability and robustness for MD to that observed with urine (29.9 vs 25.9 kg m−2 h−1), which comprises a lower colloidal organic concentration. Without UF pretreatment, a higher density organic layer formed on the MD surface (197 vs 70 gCOD m−2) which reduced mass transfer, and transformed the contact angle from hydrophobic to hydrophilic (144.9° to 49.8°), leading to pore wetting and a dissipation in product water quality due to breakthrough. In comparison, with UF pretreatment, MD delivered permeate water quality to standards satisfactory for discharge or reuse. This is particularly timely as the ISO standard for non-sewered sanitation has been adopted by several countries at a national level, and to date there are relatively few technologies to achieve the treatment standard. Membrane distillation provides a robust means for concentrated blackwater treatment, and since the energy required for separation is primarily heat, this advanced treatment can be delivered into areas with more fragile power networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Kamranvand
- Cranfield Water Science Institute, Vincent Building, Cranfield University, Bedfordshire MK43 0AL, UK
| | - C J Davey
- Cranfield Water Science Institute, Vincent Building, Cranfield University, Bedfordshire MK43 0AL, UK
| | - L Williams
- Centre for Creative and Competitive Design, Cranfield University, Bedfordshire MK43 0AL, UK
| | - A Parker
- Cranfield Water Science Institute, Vincent Building, Cranfield University, Bedfordshire MK43 0AL, UK
| | - Y Jiang
- Centre for Thermal Energy Systems and Materials, Cranfield University, Bedfordshire MK43 0AL, UK
| | - S Tyrrel
- Cranfield Water Science Institute, Vincent Building, Cranfield University, Bedfordshire MK43 0AL, UK
| | - E J McAdam
- Cranfield Water Science Institute, Vincent Building, Cranfield University, Bedfordshire MK43 0AL, UK
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7
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Revisiting nitrogen utilization in algae: A review on the process of regulation and assimilation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biteb.2020.100584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Aberrant Intracellular pH Regulation Limiting Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Activity in the Glucose-Sensitive Yeast tps1Δ Mutant. mBio 2020; 11:mBio.02199-20. [PMID: 33109759 PMCID: PMC7593968 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02199-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucose catabolism is the backbone of metabolism in most organisms. In spite of numerous studies and extensive knowledge, major controls on glycolysis and its connections to the other metabolic pathways remain to be discovered. A striking example is provided by the extreme glucose sensitivity of the yeast tps1Δ mutant, which undergoes apoptosis in the presence of just a few millimolar glucose. Previous work has shown that the conspicuous glucose-induced hyperaccumulation of the glycolytic metabolite fructose-1,6-bisphosphate (Fru1,6bisP) in tps1Δ cells triggers apoptosis through activation of the Ras-cAMP-protein kinase A (PKA) signaling pathway. However, the molecular cause of this Fru1,6bisP hyperaccumulation has remained unclear. We now provide evidence that the persistent drop in intracellular pH upon glucose addition to tps1Δ cells likely compromises the activity of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), a major glycolytic enzyme downstream of Fru1,6bisP, due to its unusually high pH optimum. Our work highlights the potential importance of intracellular pH fluctuations for control of major metabolic pathways. Whereas the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae shows great preference for glucose as a carbon source, a deletion mutant in trehalose-6-phosphate synthase, tps1Δ, is highly sensitive to even a few millimolar glucose, which triggers apoptosis and cell death. Glucose addition to tps1Δ cells causes deregulation of glycolysis with hyperaccumulation of metabolites upstream and depletion downstream of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH). The apparent metabolic barrier at the level of GAPDH has been difficult to explain. We show that GAPDH isozyme deletion, especially Tdh3, further aggravates glucose sensitivity and metabolic deregulation of tps1Δ cells, but overexpression does not rescue glucose sensitivity. GAPDH has an unusually high pH optimum of 8.0 to 8.5, which is not altered by tps1Δ. Whereas glucose causes short, transient intracellular acidification in wild-type cells, in tps1Δ cells, it causes permanent intracellular acidification. The hxk2Δ and snf1Δ suppressors of tps1Δ restore the transient acidification. These results suggest that GAPDH activity in the tps1Δ mutant may be compromised by the persistently low intracellular pH. Addition of NH4Cl together with glucose at high extracellular pH to tps1Δ cells abolishes the pH drop and reduces glucose-6-phosphate (Glu6P) and fructose-1,6-bisphosphate (Fru1,6bisP) hyperaccumulation. It also reduces the glucose uptake rate, but a similar reduction in glucose uptake rate in a tps1Δ hxt2,4,5,6,7Δ strain does not prevent glucose sensitivity and Fru1,6bisP hyperaccumulation. Hence, our results suggest that the glucose-induced intracellular acidification in tps1Δ cells may explain, at least in part, the apparent glycolytic bottleneck at GAPDH but does not appear to fully explain the extreme glucose sensitivity of the tps1Δ mutant.
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Yan M, Treu L, Zhu X, Tian H, Basile A, Fotidis IA, Campanaro S, Angelidaki I. Insights into Ammonia Adaptation and Methanogenic Precursor Oxidation by Genome-Centric Analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:12568-12582. [PMID: 32852203 PMCID: PMC8154354 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c01945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Ammonia released from the degradation of protein and/or urea usually leads to suboptimal anaerobic digestion (AD) when N-rich organic waste is used. However, the insights behind the differential ammonia tolerance of anaerobic microbiomes remain an enigma. In this study, the cultivation in synthetic medium with different carbon sources (acetate, methanol, formate, and H2/CO2) shaped a common initial inoculum into four unique ammonia-tolerant syntrophic populations. Specifically, various levels of ammonia tolerance were observed: consortia fed with methanol and H2/CO2 could grow at ammonia levels up to 7.25 g NH+-N/L, whereas the other two groups (formate and acetate) only thrived at 5.25 and 4.25 g NH+-N/L, respectively. Metabolic reconstruction highlighted that this divergent microbiome might be achieved by complementary metabolisms to maximize biomethane recovery from carbon sources, thus indicating the importance of the syntrophic community in the AD of N-rich substrates. Besides, sodium/proton antiporter operon, osmoprotectant/K+ regulator, and osmoprotectant synthesis operon may function as the main drivers of adaptation to the ammonia stress. Moreover, energy from the substrate-level phosphorylation and multiple energy-converting hydrogenases (e.g., Ech and Eha) could aid methanogens to balance the energy request for anabolic activities and contribute to thriving when exposed to high ammonia levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Yan
- Department of Environmental
Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Bygningstorvet Bygning 115, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Laura Treu
- Department of Biology, University
of Padova, Via U. Bassi
58/b, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Xinyu Zhu
- Department of Environmental
Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Bygningstorvet Bygning 115, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Hailin Tian
- Department of Environmental
Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Bygningstorvet Bygning 115, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National
University of Singapore, 1 Create Way, 138602, Singapore
| | - Arianna Basile
- Department of Biology, University
of Padova, Via U. Bassi
58/b, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Ioannis A. Fotidis
- Department of Environmental
Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Bygningstorvet Bygning 115, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
- School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, 210096 Nanjing, China
| | - Stefano Campanaro
- Department of Biology, University
of Padova, Via U. Bassi
58/b, 35121 Padova, Italy
- CRIBI Biotechnology Center, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Irini Angelidaki
- Department of Environmental
Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Bygningstorvet Bygning 115, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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10
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Liu T, Schnürer A, Björkmalm J, Willquist K, Kreuger E. Diversity and Abundance of Microbial Communities in UASB Reactors during Methane Production from Hydrolyzed Wheat Straw and Lucerne. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E1394. [PMID: 32932830 PMCID: PMC7565072 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8091394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of straw for biofuel production is encouraged by the European Union. A previous study showed the feasibility of producing biomethane in upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactors using hydrolyzed, steam-pretreated wheat straw, before and after dark fermentation with Caldicellulosiruptor saccharolyticus, and lucerne. This study provides information on overall microbial community development in those UASB processes and changes related to acidification. The bacterial and archaeal community in granular samples was analyzed using high-throughput amplicon sequencing. Anaerobic digestion model no. 1 (ADM1) was used to predict the abundance of microbial functional groups. The sequencing results showed decreased richness and diversity in the microbial community, and decreased relative abundance of bacteria in relation to archaea, after process acidification. Canonical correspondence analysis showed significant negative correlations between the concentration of organic acids and three phyla, and positive correlations with seven phyla. Organic loading rate and total COD fed also showed significant correlations with microbial community structure, which changed over time. ADM1 predicted a decrease in acetate degraders after a decrease to pH ≤ 6.5. Acidification had a sustained effect on the microbial community and process performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Liu
- Department of Molecular Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Science, Uppsala BioCenter, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden;
| | - Anna Schnürer
- Department of Molecular Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Science, Uppsala BioCenter, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden;
| | - Johanna Björkmalm
- RISE, Forskningsbyn Ideon Scheelevägen 27, 223 70 Lund, Sweden; (J.B.); (K.W.)
| | - Karin Willquist
- RISE, Forskningsbyn Ideon Scheelevägen 27, 223 70 Lund, Sweden; (J.B.); (K.W.)
| | - Emma Kreuger
- Division of Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
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Simultaneous Stripping of Ammonia from Leachate: Experimental Insights and Key Microbial Players. WATER 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/w12092494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Air stripping is commonly used to remove the ammonia in multistage treatment systems for municipal landfill leachate (LFL). This paper proposes a novel approach combining the process of stripping with biological removal of ammonia, based on simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND) in a single hybrid sequencing batch reactor (HSBR). To avoid the accumulation of free ammonia (N-FAN), the shallow aeration system was used for the treatment of raw LFL with N-TAN level of 1520 mg/L and pH 9.24. The mean N-FAN removal efficiency of 69% with the reaction rate of 55 mg L−1 h−1 and mean ammonium (N-NH4+) removal efficiency of 84% with the reaction rate of 44 mg L−1 h−1 were achieved within a month in such an HSBR (R1). The comparative HSBR (R2), with conventional aeration system maintaining the same concentration of dissolved oxygen (DO ≤ 1 mg/L), was removing only trace amounts of N-FAN and 48% of N-NH4+. The quantitative analysis of 16S rRNA genes indicated that the number of total bacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Beta- and Gammaproteobacteria increased during the operation of both HSBRs, but was always higher in R1. Moreover, the bacterial community shift was observed since the beginning of the experiment; the relative abundance of Firmicutes, and Beta- and Gammaproteobacteria increased by 5.01, 3.25 and 9.67% respectively, whilst the abundance of Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria decreased by 15.59 and 0.95%. All of the surveyed bacteria groups, except Gammaproteobacteria, correlated significantly negatively (p < 0.001) with the concentrations of N-NH4+ in the outflows from R1. The results allow us to suppose that simultaneous stripping and SND in a single reactor could be a promising, cost-effective and easy-to-operate solution for LFL treatment.
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12
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Prudente M, Massazza DA, Busalmen JP, Romeo HE. Urine dilution with a synthetic wastewater (Syntho) boosts the electricity production in a bio-electrochemical system powered by un-pretreated human urine. Bioelectrochemistry 2020; 137:107639. [PMID: 32942188 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2020.107639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Human urine can be turned into electricity in bio-electrochemical systems. The acclimation of electro-active bacteria to culture media with increasing urine concentrations has led to raising the obtained current densities, which typically followed a Monod-like evolution profile as a function of urine concentration. However, the acclimation protocol has been so far evaluated using pretreated urine samples (fermented or precipitated), not raw (un-pretreated) urine. We demonstrate that, when un-pretreated urine is used, the microbial adaptation to increasingly concentrated urine leads to a current density profile that does not reach a saturation-like phase, but follows a Han/Levenspiel-type trend (bell-shaped). By diluting un-pretreated urine with a synthetic domestic wastewater (Syntho) up to concentrations matching those of the maximum in the Han/Levenspiel-like current profile (15-20% v/v) it is possible to avoid the drop in the electro-active response, generating anodic current densities as high as 3.6 ± 0.2 A.m-2 (per actual surface area), 35-fold higher than those reached in pure un-pretreated urine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariano Prudente
- División Polímeros Nanoestructurados, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales (INTEMA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Diego A Massazza
- División Ingeniería de Interfases y Bio-procesos, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales (INTEMA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Juan P Busalmen
- División Ingeniería de Interfases y Bio-procesos, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales (INTEMA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Hernán E Romeo
- División Polímeros Nanoestructurados, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales (INTEMA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina.
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Bhowmick GD, Neethu B, Ghangrekar MM, Banerjee R. Improved Performance of Microbial Fuel Cell by In Situ Methanogenesis Suppression While Treating Fish Market Wastewater. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2020; 192:1060-1075. [PMID: 32648058 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-020-03366-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- G D Bhowmick
- Department of Agricultural and Food Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpu, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | - B Neethu
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | - M M Ghangrekar
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India.
| | - R Banerjee
- Department of Agricultural and Food Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpu, Kharagpur, 721302, India
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14
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Rocamora I, Wagland ST, Villa R, Simpson EW, Fernández O, Bajón-Fernández Y. Dry anaerobic digestion of organic waste: A review of operational parameters and their impact on process performance. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 299:122681. [PMID: 31902638 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Dry digestion is a suitable technology for treating organic wastes with varying composition such as the organic fraction of municipal solids waste. Yet, there is a need for further research to overcome some of the disadvantages associated with the high total solids content of the process. Optimisation of inoculum to substrate ratio, feedstock composition and size, liquid recirculation, bed compaction and use of bulking agents are some of the parameters that need further investigation in batch dry anaerobic digestion, to limit localised inhibition effects and avoid process instability. In addition, further attention on the relation between feedstock composition, organic loading rate and mixing regimes is required for continuous dry anaerobic digestion systems. This paper highlights all the areas where knowledge is scarce and value can be added to increase dry anaerobic digestion performance and expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ildefonso Rocamora
- Cranfield University, School of Water, Energy and Environment, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart T Wagland
- Cranfield University, School of Water, Energy and Environment, United Kingdom
| | - Raffaella Villa
- Cranfield University, School of Water, Energy and Environment, United Kingdom; De Montfort University, School of Engineering and Sustainable Development, United Kingdom
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15
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Ye Y, Ngo HH, Guo W, Chang SW, Nguyen DD, Liu Y, Ni BJ, Zhang X. Microbial fuel cell for nutrient recovery and electricity generation from municipal wastewater under different ammonium concentrations. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 292:121992. [PMID: 31430674 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, a dual-compartment microbial fuel cell (MFC) was constructed and continuously operated under different influent concentrations of ammonium-nitrogen (5-40 mg/L). The impacts of ammonium on organics removal, energy output and nutrient recovery were investigated. Experimental results demonstrated that this MFC reactor achieved a CDO removal efficiency of greater than 85%. Moreover, excess ammonium concentration in the feed solution compromises the generation of electricity. Simultaneously, the recovery rate of phosphate achieved in the MFC was insignificantly influenced at the wider influent ammonium concentration. In contrast, a high concentration of ammonium may not be beneficial for its recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyao Ye
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Huu Hao Ngo
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia.
| | - Wenshan Guo
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Soon Woong Chang
- Department of Environmental Energy and Engineering, Kyonggi University, 442-760, Republic of Korea
| | - Dinh Duc Nguyen
- Department of Environmental Energy and Engineering, Kyonggi University, 442-760, Republic of Korea
| | - Yiwen Liu
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Bing-Jie Ni
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Xinbo Zhang
- Joint Research Centre for Protective Infrastructure Technology and Environmental Green Bioprocess, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
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16
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Arora AS, Nawaz A, Yun CM, Cho H, Lee M. Ecofriendly Anaerobic Ammonium Oxidation System: Optimum Operation and Inhibition Control Strategies for Enhanced Nitrogen Removal. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b04591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amarpreet Singh Arora
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Alam Nawaz
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Chao Mun Yun
- Sherpa Space Inc., Daejeon 34051, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwanchul Cho
- Doosan Heavy Industries & Construction, Yongin 16858, Republic of Korea
| | - Moonyong Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
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Growth Dynamics and Survival of Liberibacter crescens BT-1, an Important Model Organism for the Citrus Huanglongbing Pathogen " Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus". Appl Environ Microbiol 2019; 85:AEM.01656-19. [PMID: 31420343 PMCID: PMC6803310 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01656-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Liberibacter crescens is a bacterium that is closely related to plant pathogens that have caused billions of dollars in crop losses in recent years. Particularly devastating are citrus losses due to citrus greening disease, also known as Huanglongbing, which is caused by “Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus” and carried by the Asian citrus psyllid. L. crescens is the only close relative of “Ca. Liberibacter asiaticus” that can currently be grown in culture, and it therefore serves as an important model organism for the growth, genetic manipulation, and biological control of the pathogenic species. Here, we show that one of the greatest limitations to L. crescens growth is the sharp increase in alkaline conditions it produces as a consequence of consumption of its preferred nutrient source. In addition to new information about L. crescens growth and metabolism, we provide new guidelines for culture conditions that improve the survival and yield of L. crescens. Liberibacter crescens is the only cultured member of its genus, which includes the devastating plant pathogen “Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus,” associated with citrus greening/Huanglongbing (HLB). L. crescens has a larger genome and greater metabolic flexibility than “Ca. Liberibacter asiaticus” and the other uncultured plant-pathogenic Liberibacter species, and it is currently the best model organism available for these pathogens. L. crescens grows slowly and dies rapidly under current culture protocols and this extreme fastidiousness makes it challenging to study. We have determined that a major cause of rapid death of L. crescens in batch culture is its alkalinization of the medium (to pH 8.5 by the end of logarithmic phase). The majority of this alkalinization is due to consumption of alpha-ketoglutaric acid as its primary carbon source, with a smaller proportion of the pH rise due to NH3 production. Controlling the pH rise with higher buffering capacity and lower starting pH improved recoverability of cells from 10-day cultures by >1,000-fold. We have also performed a detailed analysis of L. crescens growth with total cell numbers calibrated to the optical density and the percentage of live and recoverable bacteria determined over 10-day time courses. We modified L. crescens culture conditions to greatly enhance survival and increase maximum culture density. The similarities between L. crescens and the pathogenic liberibacters make this work relevant to efforts to culture the latter organisms. Our results also suggest that growth-dependent pH alteration that overcomes medium buffering should always be considered when growing fastidious bacteria. IMPORTANCELiberibacter crescens is a bacterium that is closely related to plant pathogens that have caused billions of dollars in crop losses in recent years. Particularly devastating are citrus losses due to citrus greening disease, also known as Huanglongbing, which is caused by “Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus” and carried by the Asian citrus psyllid. L. crescens is the only close relative of “Ca. Liberibacter asiaticus” that can currently be grown in culture, and it therefore serves as an important model organism for the growth, genetic manipulation, and biological control of the pathogenic species. Here, we show that one of the greatest limitations to L. crescens growth is the sharp increase in alkaline conditions it produces as a consequence of consumption of its preferred nutrient source. In addition to new information about L. crescens growth and metabolism, we provide new guidelines for culture conditions that improve the survival and yield of L. crescens.
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Fischer MA, Ulbricht A, Neulinger SC, Refai S, Waßmann K, Künzel S, Schmitz RA. Immediate Effects of Ammonia Shock on Transcription and Composition of a Biogas Reactor Microbiome. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2064. [PMID: 31555248 PMCID: PMC6742706 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The biotechnological process of biogas production from organic material is carried out by a diverse microbial community under anaerobic conditions. However, the complex and sensitive microbial network present in anaerobic degradation of organic material can be disturbed by increased ammonia concentration introduced into the system by protein-rich substrates and imbalanced feeding. Here, we report on a simulated increase of ammonia concentration in a fed batch lab-scale biogas reactor experiment. Two treatment conditions were used simulating total ammonia nitrogen concentrations of 4.9 and 8.0 g/L with four replicate reactors. Each reactor was monitored concerning methane generation and microbial composition using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, while the transcriptional activity of the overall process was investigated by metatranscriptomic analysis. This allowed investigating the response of the microbial community in terms of species composition and transcriptional activity to a rapid upshift to high ammonia conditions. Clostridia and Methanomicrobiales dominated the microbial community throughout the entire experiment under both experimental conditions, while Methanosarcinales were only present in minor abundance. Transcription analysis demonstrated clostridial dominance with respect to genes encoding for enzymes of the hydrolysis step (cellulase, EC 3.2.1.4) as well as dominance of key genes for enzymes of the methanogenic pathway (methyl-CoM reductase, EC 2.8.4.1; heterodisulfide reductase, EC 1.8.98.1). Upon ammonia shock, the selected marker genes showed significant changes in transcriptional activity. Cellulose hydrolysis as well as methanogenesis were significantly reduced at high ammonia concentrations as indicated by reduced transcription levels of the corresponding genes. Based on these experiments we concluded that, apart from the methanogenic archaea, hydrolytic cellulose-degrading microorganisms are negatively affected by high ammonia concentrations. Further, Acholeplasma and Erysipelotrichia showed lower abundance under increased ammonia concentrations and thus might serve as indicator species for an earlier detection in order to counteract against ammonia crises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin A. Fischer
- Department of Biology, Institute of General Microbiology, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Andrea Ulbricht
- Department of Biology, Institute of General Microbiology, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Sven C. Neulinger
- Department of Biology, Institute of General Microbiology, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Sarah Refai
- Department of Biology, Institut für Mikrobiologie und Biotechnologie, University Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Kati Waßmann
- Department of Biology, Institut für Mikrobiologie und Biotechnologie, University Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sven Künzel
- Department for Evolutionary Genetics, Max-Planck-Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Plön, Germany
| | - Ruth A. Schmitz
- Department of Biology, Institute of General Microbiology, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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Nguyen LT, Lee EY. Biological conversion of methane to putrescine using genome-scale model-guided metabolic engineering of a methanotrophic bacterium Methylomicrobium alcaliphilum 20Z. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2019; 12:147. [PMID: 31223337 PMCID: PMC6570963 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-019-1490-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methane is the primary component of natural gas and biogas. The huge abundance of methane makes it a promising alternative carbon source for industrial biotechnology. Herein, we report diamine compound, putrescine, production from methane by an industrially promising methanotroph Methylomicrobium alcaliphilum 20Z. RESULTS We conducted adaptive evolution to improve putrescine tolerance of M. alcaliphilum 20Z because putrescine highly inhibits the cell growth. The evolved strain 20ZE was able to grow in the presence of 400 mM of putrescine dihydrochloride. The expression of linear pathway ornithine decarboxylase genes from Escherichia coli and Methylosinus trichosporium OB3b allowed the engineered strain to produce putrescine. A higher putrescine titer of 12.44 mg/L was obtained in the strain 20ZE-pACO with ornithine decarboxylase from M. trichosporium OB3b. For elimination of the putrescine utilization pathway, spermidine synthase (MEALZ_3408) was knocked out, resulting in no spermidine formation in the strain 20ZES1-pACO with a putrescine titer of 18.43 mg/L. Next, a genome-scale metabolic model was applied to identify gene knockout strategies. Acetate kinase (MEALZ_2853) and subsequently lactate dehydrogenase (MEALZ_0534) were selected as knockout targets, and the deletion of these genes resulted in an improvement of the putrescine titer to 26.69 mg/L. Furthermore, the putrescine titer was improved to 39.04 mg/L by overexpression of key genes in the ornithine biosynthesis pathway under control of the pTac promoter. Finally, suitable nitrogen sources for growth of M. alcaliphilum 20Z and putrescine production were optimized with the supplement of 2 mM ammonium chloride to nitrate mineral salt medium, and this led to the production of 98.08 mg/L putrescine, almost eightfold higher than that from the initial strain. Transcriptome analysis of the engineered strains showed upregulation of most genes involved in methane assimilation, citric acid cycle, and ammonia assimilation in ammonia nitrate mineral salt medium, compared to nitrate mineral salt medium. CONCLUSIONS The engineered M. alcaliphilum 20ZE4-pACO strain was able to produce putrescine up to 98.08 mg/L, almost eightfold higher than the initial strain. This study represents the bioconversion of methane to putrescine-a high value-added diamine compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linh Thanh Nguyen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104 Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Yeol Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104 Republic of Korea
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Lv Z, Leite AF, Harms H, Glaser K, Liebetrau J, Kleinsteuber S, Nikolausz M. Microbial community shifts in biogas reactors upon complete or partial ammonia inhibition. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 103:519-533. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9444-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Performance Evaluation of Mesophilic Anaerobic Digestion of Chicken Manure with Algal Digestate. ENERGIES 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/en11071829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Dilution is considered to be a fast and easily applicable pretreatment for anaerobic digestion (AD) of chicken manure (CM), however, dilution with fresh water is uneconomical because of the water consumption. The present investigation was targeted at evaluating the feasibility and process performance of AD of CM diluted with algal digestate water (AW) for methane production to replace tap water (TW). Moreover, the kinetics parameters and mass flow of the AD process were also comparatively analyzed. The highest methane production of diluted CM (104.39 mL/g volatile solid (VS)) was achieved with AW under a substrate concentration of 8% total solid (TS). The result was markedly higher in comparison with the group with TW (79.54–93.82 mL/gVS). Apart from the methane production, considering its energy and resource saving, nearly 20% of TW replaced by AW, it was promising substitution to use AW for TW to dilute CM. However, the process was susceptible to substrate concentration, inoculum, as well as total ammonia and free ammonia concentration.
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Ledezma P, Lu Y, Freguia S. Electroactive haloalkaliphiles exhibit exceptional tolerance to free ammonia. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2018; 365:4689094. [PMID: 29228269 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnx260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrochemical activity in bacteria has been observed in numerous environments and conditions. However, enrichments in circumneutral freshwater media where acetate is the main electron donor seem to invariably lead to the dominance of Geobacter spp. Here we report on an electroactive bacterial consortium which was enriched on acetate as electron donor, but in a medium which reproduces hydrolysed urine (high pH, high salinity and high free ammonia). The consortium was found to be free of Geobacter species, whereas a previously undescribed community dominated by species closely related to Pseudomonas and Desulfuromonas was established. The salient features of this community were as follows: (i) high electroactivity, with anodic current densities up to 47.4 ± 2.0 A m-2; (ii) haloalkaliphilicity, with top performance at a medium pH of 10 and 19.5 ± 0.5 mS cm-1; and (iii) a remarkably high tolerance to free ammonia toxicity at over 2200 mgNH3-N L-1. This community is likely to find applications in microbial electrochemical technology for nutrient recovery from source-separated urine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Ledezma
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia Campus, Gehrmann Laboratories level 4, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Yang Lu
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia Campus, Gehrmann Laboratories level 4, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Stefano Freguia
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia Campus, Gehrmann Laboratories level 4, QLD 4072, Australia
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Qian W, Peng Y, Li X, Zhang Q, Ma B. The inhibitory effects of free ammonia on ammonia oxidizing bacteria and nitrite oxidizing bacteria under anaerobic condition. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 243:1247-1250. [PMID: 28801172 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.07.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The free ammonia (FA) inhibition on ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB) under anaerobic condition was investigated in this study. The results indicated that NOB was more sensitive to the FA anaerobic treatment than AOB. The FA anaerobic inhibition on nitrifier gradually heightened with the increase of FA concentration. Accompanied with FA concentration increase from 0 to 16.82mgNH3-N·L-1 (the highest concentration adopted in this study), the activity of AOB reduced by 15.9%, while NOB decreased by 29.2%. After FA anaerobic treatment, nitrite was accumulated during nitrification. However, the nitrite accumulation disappeared on the sixth cycle of activity recovery tests with excessive aeration. Based on this result, a novel strategy for achieving nitritation is proposed, which involves recirculating a portion of the activated sludge through a side-line sludge treatment unit, where the sludge is subjected to treatment with FA under anaerobic condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Qian
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Yongzhen Peng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Xiyao Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Qiong Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Bin Ma
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China.
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Li R, Duan N, Zhang Y, Liu Z, Li B, Zhang D, Dong T. Anaerobic co-digestion of chicken manure and microalgae Chlorella sp.: Methane potential, microbial diversity and synergistic impact evaluation. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2017. [PMID: 28648747 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2017.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic digestion (AD) is a promising alternative for livestock manure management. This paper presents the experimental results obtained through a batch experiment by using chicken manure (CM) and microalgae Chlorella sp. as co-substrates. The effect of co-digestion was evaluated by varying CM to Chlorella sp. ratios (0:10, 2:8, 4:6, 6:4, 8:2, 10: 0 based on the volatile solids (VS)). The major objective of this study is to evaluate the feasibility and synergistic impact of co-digestion of CM and Chlorella sp. Enhanced 14.20% and 76.86% methane production than CM and Chlorella sp. mono-digestion respectively was achieved in co-digestion at the ratio 8:2. In addition, the co-digestion at the ratio 8:2 showed significantly higher methane yield than the weighted average of the individual substrates' specific methane yield (WSMY), indicating strong synergy effect. The Illumina Miseq sequencing analysis showed that the AD process suppressed the acetoclastic methanogenesis Methanosaeta content; but partly enhanced hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis Methanosarcina, Methanospirillum and Methanobacterium, which was responsible for the methane production. The pre-treated microalgae was then introduced at the optimal ratio 8:2 to estimate the effect of pre-treatment of microalgae on AD process. However, the pre-treatment exhibited no positive effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruirui Li
- Laboratory of Environment-Enhancing Energy (E2E) and Key Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering in Structure and Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Na Duan
- Laboratory of Environment-Enhancing Energy (E2E) and Key Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering in Structure and Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Yuanhui Zhang
- Laboratory of Environment-Enhancing Energy (E2E) and Key Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering in Structure and Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Zhidan Liu
- Laboratory of Environment-Enhancing Energy (E2E) and Key Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering in Structure and Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Baoming Li
- Laboratory of Environment-Enhancing Energy (E2E) and Key Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering in Structure and Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Dongming Zhang
- Shandong Minhe Biotech Limited Company, Yantai 265600, China
| | - Taili Dong
- Shandong Minhe Biotech Limited Company, Yantai 265600, China
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Hazwani-Oslan SN, Tan JS, Saad MZ, Halim M, Ariff AB. Improved cultivation of gdhA derivative Pasteurella multocida B:2 for high density of viable cells through in situ ammonium removal using cation-exchange resin for use as animal vaccine. Process Biochem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2017.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Performance and kinetics of ANAMMOX granular sludge with pH shock in a sequencing batch reactor. Biodegradation 2017; 28:245-259. [DOI: 10.1007/s10532-017-9793-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Oyinlola LA, Obadina AO, Omemu AM, Oyewole OB. Prevention of microbial hazard on fresh-cut lettuce through adoption of food safety and hygienic practices by lettuce farmers. Food Sci Nutr 2017; 5:67-75. [PMID: 28070317 PMCID: PMC5217913 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Revised: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Lettuce is consumed raw in salads and is susceptible to microbial contamination through environment, agricultural practices, and its morphology, thus, a potential vehicle for food-borne illness. This study investigated the effect of adoption of food safety and hygienic practices by lettuce farmers on the microbial safety of field sourced lettuce in Lagos State, Nigeria. Ten structured questionnaires were administered randomly to 10 lettuce farmers to assess food safety and hygienic practices (FSH). Two farmers who practice FSH and two farmers who do not practice NFSH were finally used for this study. Samples of ready-to-harvest lettuce, manure applied, and irrigation water were obtained for a period of five months (August - December 2013) and analyzed for total plate count (TPC), total coliform count (TCC), Escherichia coli, Listeria spp., Salmonella spp., and Shigella spp. counts. Result of microbial analyses of lettuce samples was compared with international microbiological specification for ready-to-eat foods. Results showed that the range of TPC on lettuce was 6.00 to 8.11 LogCFU/g from FSH farms and TPC of lettuce samples from NFSH farms ranged from 6.66 to 13.64 LogCFU/g. 1.49 to 4.85LogCFU/g were TCC ranges from lettuce samples obtained from FSH farms while NFSH farms had TCC ranging between 3.95 and 10.86 LogCFU/g, respectively. The range of isolated pathogen count on lettuce from FSH and NFSH farms exceeded the international safety standard; there was a significant difference in the microbial count of lettuce from FSH farms and NFSH farms. This study concludes that the lettuce samples obtained did not pass the international microbial safety standards. FSH compliance is a major determinant of the microbial safety of lettuce. Hence, the institution of FSH on farm to improve microbial safety of lettuce produced for public consumption is emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lateefah A. Oyinlola
- Department of Food Science and TechnologyFederal University of AgricultureAbeokutaNigeria
| | - Adewale O. Obadina
- Department of Food Science and TechnologyFederal University of AgricultureAbeokutaNigeria
| | - Adebukunola M. Omemu
- Department of Hospitality and Tourism ManagementFederal University of AgricultureAbeokutaNigeria
| | - Olusola B. Oyewole
- Department of Food Science and TechnologyFederal University of AgricultureAbeokutaNigeria
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Yun L, Zhaoming Z, Jun L, Baihang Z, Wei B, Yanzhuo Z, Xiujie W. Inhibition kinetics and granular sludge in an ANAMMOX reactor treating mature landfill leachate. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2016; 74:2697-2707. [PMID: 27973374 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2016.449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The present study reports the inhibition kinetics and granular sludge in an anaerobic ammonium oxidation (ANAMMOX) - up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor fed with diluted mature landfill leachate. The activity of ANAMMOX bacteria was inhibited by addition of mature landfill leachate, but gradually adapted to the leachate. The system achieved efficient nitrogen removal during 65-75 d and the average removal efficiencies for NH4+-N, NO2--N and total nitrogen (TN) were 96%, 95% and 87%, respectively. ANAMMOX was the main pathway of nitrogen removal in the system, and heterotrophic denitrification occurred simultaneously. In addition, aerobic ammonia oxidation and aerobic nitrite oxidation were active in this system. Inhibition kinetic experiments showed that the NH4+-N and NO2--N inhibition concentration threshold of ANAMMOX were 489.03 mg/L and 192.36 mg/L, respectively. ANAMMOX was significantly inhibited by mature landfill leachate, and was completely inhibited when the leachate concentration was 1,450.69 mg/L (calculated in chemical oxygen demand). Thus, the inhibition concentration of substrate and landfill leachate should be considered when applying the ANAMMOX process to landfill leachate. The color of granular sludge ANAMMOX changed from brick-red into a reddish-brown. The particle size increased from small to large, with evident granulation of the ANAMMOX sludge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yun
- The College of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 1000124, China E-mail:
| | - Zheng Zhaoming
- The College of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 1000124, China E-mail:
| | - Li Jun
- The College of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 1000124, China E-mail:
| | - Zhao Baihang
- The College of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 1000124, China E-mail:
| | - Bian Wei
- The College of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 1000124, China E-mail:
| | - Zhang Yanzhuo
- The College of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 1000124, China E-mail:
| | - Wang Xiujie
- The College of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 1000124, China E-mail:
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Decrey L, Kazama S, Kohn T. Ammonia as an In Situ Sanitizer: Influence of Virus Genome Type on Inactivation. Appl Environ Microbiol 2016; 82:4909-20. [PMID: 27260358 PMCID: PMC4968548 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01106-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Treatment of human excreta and animal manure (HEAM) is key in controlling the spread of persistent enteric pathogens, such as viruses. The extent of virus inactivation during HEAM storage and treatment appears to vary with virus genome type, although the reasons for this variability are not clear. Here, we investigated the inactivation of viruses of different genome types under conditions representative of HEAM storage or mesophilic digestion. The goals were to characterize the influence of HEAM solution conditions on inactivation and to determine the potential mechanisms involved. Specifically, eight viruses representing the four viral genome types (single-stranded RNA [ssRNA], double-stranded RNA [dsRNA], single-stranded DNA [ssDNA], and double-stranded DNA [dsDNA]) were exposed to synthetic solutions with well-controlled temperature (20 to 35°C), pH (8 to 9), and ammonia (NH3) concentrations (0 to 40 mmol liter(-1)). DNA and dsRNA viruses were considerably more resistant than ssRNA viruses, resulting in up to 1,000-fold-longer treatment times to reach a 4-log inactivation. The apparently slower inactivation of DNA viruses was rationalized by the higher stability of DNA than that of ssRNA in HEAM. Pushing the system toward harsher pH (>9) and temperature (>35°C) conditions, such as those encountered in thermophilic digestion and alkaline treatments, led to more consistent inactivation kinetics among ssRNA and other viruses. This suggests that the dependence of inactivation on genome type disappeared in favor of protein-mediated inactivation mechanisms common to all viruses. Finally, we recommend the use of MS2 as a conservative indicator to assess the inactivation of ssRNA viruses and the stable ΦX174 or dsDNA phages as indicators for persistent viruses. IMPORTANCE Viruses are among the most environmentally persistent pathogens. They can be present in high concentrations in human excreta and animal manure (HEAM). Therefore, appropriate treatment of HEAM is important prior to its reuse or discharge into the environment. Here, we investigated the factors that determine the persistence of viruses in HEAM, and we determined the main mechanisms that lead to their inactivation. Unlike other organisms, viruses can have four different genome types (double- or single-stranded RNA or DNA), and the viruses studied herein represent all four types. Genome type appeared to be the major determinant for persistence. Single-stranded RNA viruses are the most labile, because this genome type is susceptible to degradation in HEAM. In contrast, the other genome types are more stable; therefore, inactivation is slower and mainly driven by the degradation of viral proteins. Overall, this study allows us to better understand the behavior of viruses in HEAM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loïc Decrey
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering (ENAC), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Shinobu Kazama
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering (ENAC), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland New Industry Creation Hatchery Center (NICHe), Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Tamar Kohn
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering (ENAC), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
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Venkiteshwaran K, Bocher B, Maki J, Zitomer D. Relating Anaerobic Digestion Microbial Community and Process Function. Microbiol Insights 2016; 8:37-44. [PMID: 27127410 PMCID: PMC4841157 DOI: 10.4137/mbi.s33593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Revised: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Anaerobic digestion (AD) involves a consortium of microorganisms that convert substrates into biogas containing methane for renewable energy. The technology has suffered from the perception of being periodically unstable due to limited understanding of the relationship between microbial community structure and function. The emphasis of this review is to describe microbial communities in digesters and quantitative and qualitative relationships between community structure and digester function. Progress has been made in the past few decades to identify key microorganisms influencing AD. Yet, more work is required to realize robust, quantitative relationships between microbial community structure and functions such as methane production rate and resilience after perturbations. Other promising areas of research for improved AD may include methods to increase/control (1) hydrolysis rate, (2) direct interspecies electron transfer to methanogens, (3) community structure-function relationships of methanogens, (4) methanogenesis via acetate oxidation, and (5) bioaugmentation to study community-activity relationships or improve engineered bioprocesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaushik Venkiteshwaran
- Department of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | | | - James Maki
- Department of Biological Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Daniel Zitomer
- Department of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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Impact of Ammonium on Syntrophic Organohalide-Respiring and Fermenting Microbial Communities. mSphere 2016; 1:mSphere00053-16. [PMID: 27303735 PMCID: PMC4894693 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00053-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Contamination with ammonium and chlorinated solvents has been reported in numerous subsurface environments, and these chemicals bring significant challenges for in situ bioremediation. Dehalococcoides mccartyi is able to reduce the chlorinated solvent trichloroethene to the nontoxic end product ethene. Fermentative bacteria are of central importance for organohalide respiration and bioremediation to provide D. mccartyi with H2, their electron donor, acetate, their carbon source, and other micronutrients. In this study, we found that high concentrations of ammonium negatively correlated with rates of trichloroethene reductive dehalogenation and fermentation. However, detoxification of trichloroethene to nontoxic ethene occurred even at ammonium concentrations typical of those found in animal waste (up to 2 g liter−1 NH4+-N). To date, hundreds of subsurface environments have been bioremediated through the unique metabolic capability of D. mccartyi. These findings extend our knowledge of D. mccartyi and provide insight for bioremediation of sites contaminated with chlorinated solvents and ammonium. Syntrophic interactions between organohalide-respiring and fermentative microorganisms are critical for effective bioremediation of halogenated compounds. This work investigated the effect of ammonium concentration (up to 4 g liter−1 NH4+-N) on trichloroethene-reducing Dehalococcoides mccartyi and Geobacteraceae in microbial communities fed lactate and methanol. We found that production of ethene by D. mccartyi occurred in mineral medium containing ≤2 g liter−1 NH4+-N and in landfill leachate. For the partial reduction of trichloroethene (TCE) to cis-dichloroethene (cis-DCE) at ≥1 g liter−1 NH4+-N, organohalide-respiring dynamics shifted from D. mccartyi and Geobacteraceae to mainly D. mccartyi. An increasing concentration of ammonium was coupled to lower metabolic rates, longer lag times, and lower gene abundances for all microbial processes studied. The methanol fermentation pathway to acetate and H2 was conserved, regardless of the ammonium concentration provided. However, lactate fermentation shifted from propionic to acetogenic at concentrations of ≥2 g liter−1 NH4+-N. Our study findings strongly support a tolerance of D. mccartyi to high ammonium concentrations, highlighting the feasibility of organohalide respiration in ammonium-contaminated subsurface environments. IMPORTANCE Contamination with ammonium and chlorinated solvents has been reported in numerous subsurface environments, and these chemicals bring significant challenges for in situ bioremediation. Dehalococcoides mccartyi is able to reduce the chlorinated solvent trichloroethene to the nontoxic end product ethene. Fermentative bacteria are of central importance for organohalide respiration and bioremediation to provide D. mccartyi with H2, their electron donor, acetate, their carbon source, and other micronutrients. In this study, we found that high concentrations of ammonium negatively correlated with rates of trichloroethene reductive dehalogenation and fermentation. However, detoxification of trichloroethene to nontoxic ethene occurred even at ammonium concentrations typical of those found in animal waste (up to 2 g liter−1 NH4+-N). To date, hundreds of subsurface environments have been bioremediated through the unique metabolic capability of D. mccartyi. These findings extend our knowledge of D. mccartyi and provide insight for bioremediation of sites contaminated with chlorinated solvents and ammonium.
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32
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Park S, Cui F, Mo K, Kim M. Mathematical models and bacterial communities for ammonia toxicity in mesophilic anaerobes not acclimated to high concentrations of ammonia. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2016; 74:935-942. [PMID: 27533868 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2016.274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we evaluated ammonia toxicity in mesophilic anaerobic digestion at various pH values and total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) concentrations. We performed anaerobic toxicity assays (ATAs) to evaluate the toxicity effects of TAN and pH on mesophilic anaerobic digestion. Modeling based on the results of the ATAs indicated that the specific methanogenic activity (SMA) decreased by 30% at a TAN concentration higher than 3.0 g/L compared to a TAN concentration of 0 g/L. In addition, the highest SMA for a given TAN level (0.5-10.0 g/L) was observed at a pH of around 7.6. The results of bacterial community analyses showed that the diversity and richness of microorganisms with increasing TAN concentration were decreased. Chloroflexi and Synergistetes were the dominant phyla at TAN concentrations less than 3.0 g/L, and Firmicutes was the dominant phylum at TAN concentrations higher than 3.0 g/L, implying that the ammonia toxicity concentration may influence the kind of dominant species. In conclusion, to start a stable mesophilic anaerobic digestion concerning ammonia toxicity, a TAN concentration less than 3.0 g/L is preferable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyong Park
- Plant Engineering Center, Institute for Advanced Engineering, 51 Goan-ro, Yongin City, Kyeonggido 175-28, Republic of Korea; Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Ansan City, Kyeonggido 155-88, Republic of Korea E-mail:
| | - Fenghao Cui
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Ansan City, Kyeonggido 155-88, Republic of Korea E-mail:
| | - Kyung Mo
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Ansan City, Kyeonggido 155-88, Republic of Korea E-mail:
| | - Moonil Kim
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Ansan City, Kyeonggido 155-88, Republic of Korea E-mail:
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33
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Niu Q, Takemura Y, Kubota K, Li YY. Comparing mesophilic and thermophilic anaerobic digestion of chicken manure: Microbial community dynamics and process resilience. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2015; 43:114-22. [PMID: 26054964 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2015.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Revised: 05/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
While methane fermentation is considered as the most successful bioenergy treatment for chicken manure, the relationship between operational performance and the dynamic transition of archaeal and bacterial communities remains poorly understood. Two continuous stirred-tank reactors were investigated under thermophilic and mesophilic conditions feeding with 10%TS. The tolerance of thermophilic reactor on total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) was found to be 8000mg/L with free ammonia (FA) 2000mg/L compared to 16,000mg/L (FA1500mg/L) of mesophilic reactor. Biomethane production was 0.29 L/gVSin in the steady stage and decreased following TAN increase. After serious inhibition, the mesophilic reactor was recovered successfully by dilution and washing stratagem compared to the unrecoverable of thermophilic reactor. The relationship between the microbial community structure, the bioreactor performance and inhibitors such as TAN, FA, and volatile fatty acid was evaluated by canonical correspondence analysis. The performance of methanogenic activity and substrate removal efficiency were changed significantly correlating with the community evenness and phylogenetic structure. The resilient archaeal community was found even after serious inhibition in both reactors. Obvious dynamics of bacterial communities were observed in acidogenic and hydrolytic functional bacteria following TAN variation in the different stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qigui Niu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aza-Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Takemura
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aza-Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Kengo Kubota
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aza-Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Yu-You Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aza-Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan; Key Lab of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, PR China.
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34
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Abbas G, Zhang M, Li W, Zhang J, Zheng P. Performance stability of a lab-scale internal-loop airlift bio-particle reactor under substrate concentration shocks for simultaneous partial nitrification and anaerobic ammonia oxidation. Sep Purif Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2014.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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35
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Katakam KK, Mejer H, Dalsgaard A, Kyvsgaard NC, Thamsborg SM. Survival of Ascaris suum and Ascaridia galli eggs in liquid manure at different ammonia concentrations and temperatures. Vet Parasitol 2014; 204:249-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2014.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2014] [Revised: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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37
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Zhang C, Yuan Q, Lu Y. Inhibitory effects of ammonia on methanogenmcrAtranscripts in anaerobic digester sludge. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2013; 87:368-77. [DOI: 10.1111/1574-6941.12229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2013] [Revised: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 09/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences; China Agricultural University; Beijing China
| | - Quan Yuan
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences; China Agricultural University; Beijing China
- Max-Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology; Marburg Germany
| | - Yahai Lu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences; China Agricultural University; Beijing China
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38
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Niu Q, Qiao W, Qiang H, Li YY. Microbial community shifts and biogas conversion computation during steady, inhibited and recovered stages of thermophilic methane fermentation on chicken manure with a wide variation of ammonia. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2013; 146:223-233. [PMID: 23934339 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2013] [Revised: 07/05/2013] [Accepted: 07/10/2013] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The thermophilic methane fermentation of chicken manure (10% TS) was investigated within a wide range of ammonia. Microbiological analysis showed significant shifts in Archaeal and Bacterial proportions with VFA accmulation and CH4 formation before and after inhibition. VFA accumulated sharply with lower methane production, 0.29 L/g VS, than during the steady stage, 0.32 L/g VS. Biogas production almost ceased with the synergy inhibition of TAN (8000 mg/L) and VFA (25,000 mg/L). Hydrogenotrophic Methanothermobacter thermautotrophicus str. was the dominate archaea with 95% in the inhibition stage and 100% after 40 days recovery compared to 9.3% in the steady stage. Aceticlastic Methanosarcina was not encountered with coincided phenomenal of high VFA in the inhibition stage as well as recovery stage. Evaluation of the microbial diversity and functional bacteria indicated the dominate phylum of Firmicutes were 94.74% and 84.4% with and without inhibition. The microbial community shifted significantly with elevated ammonia concentration affecting the performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qigui Niu
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aza-Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Wei Qiao
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aza-Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan; College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Hong Qiang
- College of Resources and Environment Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yu-You Li
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aza-Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aza-Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan; Key Lab of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, PR China.
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Nadaraja AV, Veetil PGP, Vidyadharan A, Bhaskaran K. Kinetics of chlorite dismutase in a perchlorate degrading reactor sludge. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2013; 34:2353-2359. [PMID: 24350491 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2013.770557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Kinetics of chlorite dismutase (CD), the terminal enzyme involved in the perchlorate (ClO4(-)) reduction pathway, in a ClO4(-)-degrading bioreactor are reported in this study. Enzyme activity was determined from dissolved oxygen released during disproportionation of chlorite (ClO2(-)). CD activity was in the range 29.8-36.4 U/mg dry weight sludge, and kinetic constants Vmax and K(m) of the enzyme were 37.83 U/mg dry weight and 0.28 mM, respectively. Among reactor operational conditions, enzyme activity was observed at pH 4.0-9.0, with an optimum at pH 6.0. Redox potential in the range -50 to +120mV and NaCl up to 3.5 g/L had no significant effect on CD activity. However, co-occurring pollutants such as ammonium at 10 ppm, nitrite at 50 ppm and EDTA at 100 microM reduced CD activity substantially. The present study highlights ideal bioreactor conditions to avoid ClO2(-) toxicity, while indicating the buffering potential of a mixed microbial system against inhibiting factors to maintain stable CD activity in bioreactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupama Vijaya Nadaraja
- Environmental Technology, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science & Technology, Thiruvananthapuram-19, India
| | | | - Athira Vidyadharan
- Environmental Technology, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science & Technology, Thiruvananthapuram-19, India
| | - Krishnakumar Bhaskaran
- Environmental Technology, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science & Technology, Thiruvananthapuram-19, India
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40
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Niu Q, Qiao W, Qiang H, Hojo T, Li YY. Mesophilic methane fermentation of chicken manure at a wide range of ammonia concentration: stability, inhibition and recovery. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2013; 137:358-367. [PMID: 23597764 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.03.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2013] [Revised: 03/09/2013] [Accepted: 03/11/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A 12L mesophilic CSTR of chicken manure fermentation was operated for 400 days to evaluate process stability, inhibition occurrence and the recovery behavior suffering TAN concentrations from 2000 mg/L to 16,000 mg/L. A biogas production of 0.35-0.4 L/gVS(in) and a COD conversion of 68% were achieved when TAN concentration was lower than 5000 mg/L. Ammonia inhibition occurred due to the addition of NH4HCO3 to the substrate. The biogas and COD conversion decreased to 0.3 L/gVS(in) and 20% at TAN 10,000 mg/L and was totally suppressed at TAN 16,000 mg/L. Carbohydrate and protein conversion decreased by 33% and 77% after inhibition. After extreme inhibition, the reactor was diluted and washed, reducing TAN and FA to 4000 mg/L and 300 mg/L respectively, and the recovered biogas production was 0.5 L/gVS(in). The extended Monod model manifested the different sensitivities of hydrolysis, acidogenesis and methanogenesis to inhibition. VFA accumulation accompanied an increase in ammonia and exerted a toxic on microorganism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qigui Niu
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
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41
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Cavaleiro AJ, Ferreira T, Pereira F, Tommaso G, Alves MM. Biochemical methane potential of raw and pre-treated meat-processing wastes. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2013; 129:519-525. [PMID: 23266854 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.11.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2012] [Revised: 11/17/2012] [Accepted: 11/19/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Raw and pre-treated greaves and rinds, two meat-processing wastes, were assessed for biochemical methane potential (BMP). Combinations of temperature (25, 55, 70 and 120 °C), NaOH (0.3 g g(-1) waste volatile solids) and lipase from Candida rugosa (10 U g(-1) fat) were applied to promote wastes hydrolysis, and the effect on BMP was evaluated. COD solubilisation was higher (66% for greaves; 55% for rinds) when greaves were pre-treated with NaOH at 55 °C and lipase was added to rinds after autoclaving. Maximum fat hydrolysis (52-54%) resulted from NaOH addition, at 55 °C for greaves and 25 °C for rinds. BMP of raw greaves and rinds was 707±46 and 756±56 L CH4 (at standard temperature and pressure) kg(-1)VS, respectively. BMP of rinds improved 25% by exposure to 70 °C; all other strategies tested had no positive effect on BMP of both wastes, and anaerobic biodegradability was even reduced by the combined action of base and temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Cavaleiro
- Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
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42
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Bolton D, Ivory C, McDowell D. The effect of urea and ammonia treatments on the survival of Salmonella
spp. and Yersinia enterocolitica
in pig slurry. J Appl Microbiol 2012; 114:134-40. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.12003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2012] [Revised: 08/22/2012] [Accepted: 08/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D.J. Bolton
- Teagasc Food Research Centre; Ashtown Dublin Ireland
| | - C. Ivory
- Teagasc Food Research Centre; Ashtown Dublin Ireland
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43
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Li X, Cui B, Yang Q, Tian H, Lan Y, Wang T, Han Z. Detritus quality controls macrophyte decomposition under different nutrient concentrations in a eutrophic shallow lake, North China. PLoS One 2012; 7:e42042. [PMID: 22848699 PMCID: PMC3406067 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0042042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2011] [Accepted: 07/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophyte decomposition is important for carbon and nutrient cycling in lake ecosystems. Currently, little is known about how this process responds to detritus quality and water nutrient conditions in eutrophic shallow lakes in which incomplete decomposition of detritus accelerates the lake terrestrialization process. In this study, we investigated the effects of detritus quality and water nutrient concentrations on macrophyte decomposition in Lake Baiyangdian, China, by analyzing the decomposition of three major aquatic plants at three sites with different pollution intensities (low, medium, and high pollution sites). Detritus quality refers to detritus nutrient contents as well as C∶N, C∶P, and N∶P mass ratios in this study. Effects of detritus mixtures were tested by combining pairs of representative macrophytes at ratios of 75∶25, 50∶50 and 25∶75 (mass basis). The results indicate that the influence of species types on decomposition was stronger than that of site conditions. Correlation analysis showed that mass losses at the end of the experimental period were significantly controlled by initial detritus chemistry, especially by the initial phosphorus (P) content, carbon to nitrogen (C∶N), and carbon to phosphorus (C∶P) mass ratios in the detritus. The decomposition processes were also influenced by water chemistry. The NO3-N and NH4-N concentrations in the lake water retarded detritus mass loss at the low and high pollution sites, respectively. Net P mineralization in detritus was observed at all sites and detritus P release at the high pollution site was slower than at the other two sites. Nonadditive effects of mixtures tended to be species specific due to the different nutrient contents in each species. Results suggest that the nonadditive effects varied significantly among different sites, indicating that interactions between the detritus quality in species mixtures and site water chemistry may be another driver controlling decomposition in eutrophic shallow lakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Li
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
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44
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Effects of volatile fatty acids, ammonium and agitation on thermophilic methane production from biogas plant sludge in lab-scale experiments. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2012; 57:313-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s12223-012-0132-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2011] [Accepted: 01/04/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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45
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Wang F, Hidaka T, Tsuno H, Tsubota J. Co-digestion of polylactide and kitchen garbage in hyperthermophilic and thermophilic continuous anaerobic process. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2012; 112:67-74. [PMID: 22409980 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.02.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2011] [Revised: 02/03/2012] [Accepted: 02/13/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Two series of two-phase anaerobic systems, consisting of a hyperthermophilic (80°C) reactor and a thermophilic (55°C) reactor, fed with a mixture of kitchen garbage (KG) and polylactide (PLA), was compared with a single-phase thermophilic reactor for the overall performance. The result indicated that ammonia addition under hyperthermophilic condition promoted the transformation of PLA particles to lactic acid. The systems with hyperthermophilic treatment had advantages on PLA transformation and methane conversion ratio to the control system. Under the organic loading rate (OLR) of 10.3 g COD/(L day), the PLA transformation ratios of the two-phase systems were 82.0% and 85.2%, respectively, higher than that of the control system (63.5%). The methane conversion ratios of the two-phase systems were 82.9% and 80.8%, respectively, higher than 70.1% of the control system. The microbial community analysis indicated that hyperthermophilic treatment is easily installed to traditional thermophilic anaerobic digestion plants without inoculation of special bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto-Daigaku-Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8540, Japan.
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46
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Wang Q, Yang Y, Li D, Feng C, Zhang Z. Treatment of ammonium-rich swine waste in modified porphyritic andesite fixed-bed anaerobic bioreactor. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2012; 111:70-75. [PMID: 22366608 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.01.182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2011] [Revised: 01/30/2012] [Accepted: 01/31/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a modified porphyritic andesite (WRS) was developed as ammonium adsorbent and bed material for the anaerobic digestion of ammonium-rich swine waste. The performance in bioreactors with modified WRS, natural WRS, calcium chloride and no additives was investigated. The bioreactor with modified WRS exhibited the best performance, with start-up time on the 7th day, methane yield of 359.71 ml/g-VS, and COD removal of 67.99% during all 44 days of the experiment at 35°C. The effective ammonium adsorption and essential ions dissociation for microorganisms by modified WRS, as well as the immobilization of microbial on the surface of the modified WRS play a great role on the high efficiency anaerobic digestion of ammonium-rich swine waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghong Wang
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Science, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
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47
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Bayr S, Rantanen M, Kaparaju P, Rintala J. Mesophilic and thermophilic anaerobic co-digestion of rendering plant and slaughterhouse wastes. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2012; 104:28-36. [PMID: 22074907 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2011.09.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2011] [Revised: 09/21/2011] [Accepted: 09/24/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Co-digestion of rendering and slaughterhouse wastes was studied in laboratory scale semi-continuously fed continuously stirred tank reactors (CSTRs) at 35 and 55 °C. All in all, 10 different rendering plant and slaughterhouse waste fractions were characterised showing high contents of lipids and proteins, and methane potentials of 262-572 dm(3)CH(4)/kg volatile solids(VS)(added). In mesophilic CSTR methane yields of ca 720 dm(3) CH(4)/kg VS(fed) were obtained with organic loading rates (OLR) of 1.0 and 1.5 kg VS/m(3) d, and hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 50 d. For thermophilic process, the lowest studied OLR of 1.5 kg VS/m(3) d, turned to be unstable after operation of 1.5 HRT, due to accumulating ammonia, volatile fatty acids (VFAs) and probably also long chain fatty acids (LCFAs). In conclusion, mesophilic process was found to be more feasible for co-digestion than thermophilic process, methane yields being higher and process more stable in mesophilic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suvi Bayr
- University of Jyväskylä, Department of Biological and Environmental Science, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 University of Jyväskylä, Finland.
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Survival of faecal indicator bacteria in treated pig manure stored in clay-covered heaps in Vietnam. Vet Microbiol 2011; 152:374-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2011.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2010] [Revised: 05/03/2011] [Accepted: 05/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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49
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Kim DH, Oh SE. Continuous high-solids anaerobic co-digestion of organic solid wastes under mesophilic conditions. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2011; 31:1943-1948. [PMID: 21684733 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2011.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2010] [Revised: 04/30/2011] [Accepted: 05/17/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
With increasing concerns over the limited capacity of landfills, conservation of resources, and reduction of CO(2) emissions, high-solids (dry) anaerobic digestion of organic solid waste (OSW) is attracting a great deal of attention these days. In the present work, two dry anaerobic co-digestion systems fed with different mixtures of OSW were continuously operated under mesophilic conditions. Dewatered sludge cake was used as a main seeding source. In reactor (I), which was fed with food waste (FW) and paper waste (PW), hydraulic retention time (HRT) and solid content were controlled to find the maximum treatability. At a fixed solid content of 30% total solids (TS), stable performance was maintained up to an HRT decrease to 40 d. However, the stable performance was not sustained at 30 d HRT, and hence, HRT was increased to 40 d again. In further operation, instead of decreasing HRT, solid content was increased to 40% TS, which was found to be a better option to increase the treatability. The biogas production rate (BPR), CH(4) production yield (MPY) and VS reduction achieved in this condition were 5.0m(3)/m(3)/d, 0.25 m(3) CH(4)/g COD(added), and 80%, respectively. Reactor (II) was fed with FW and livestock waste (LW), and LW content was increased during the operation. Until a 40% LW content increase, reactor (II) exhibited a stable performance. A BPR of 1.7 m(3)/m(3)/d, MPY of 0.26 m(3) CH(4)/g COD(added), and VS reduction of 72% was achieved at 40% LW content. However, when the LW content was increased to 60%, there was a significant performance drop, which was attributed to free ammonia inhibition. The performances in these two reactors were comparable to the ones achieved in the conventional wet digestion and thermophilic dry digestion processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Hoon Kim
- Wastes Energy Research Center, Korea Institute of Energy Research, 102 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-343, Republic of Korea
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50
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Kim DH, Jeong E, Oh SE, Shin HS. Combined (alkaline+ultrasonic) pretreatment effect on sewage sludge disintegration. WATER RESEARCH 2010; 44:3093-3100. [PMID: 20303565 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2010.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2009] [Revised: 01/23/2010] [Accepted: 02/19/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The individual effects of alkaline (pH 8-13) and ultrasonic (3750-45,000kJ/kg TS) pretreatments on the disintegration of sewage sludge were separately tested, and then the effect of combining these two methods at different intensity levels was investigated using response surface methodology (RSM). In the combined pretreatment, ultrasonic treatment was applied to the alkali-pretreated sludge. While the solubilization (SCOD/TCOD) increase was limited to 50% in individual pretreatments, it reached 70% in combined pretreatment, and the results clearly showed that preconditioning of sludge at high pH levels played a crucial role in enhancing the disintegration efficiency of the subsequent ultrasonic pretreatment. By applying regression analysis, the disintegration degree (DD) was fitted based on the actual value to a second order polynomial equation: Y=-172.44+29.82X(1)+5.30x10(-3)X(2)-7.53x10(-5)X(1)X(2)-1.10X(1)(2)-1.043x10(-7)X(2)(2), where X(1), X(2), and Y are pH, specific energy input (kJ/kg TS), and DD, respectively. In a 2D contour plot describing the tendency of DD with respect to pH and specific energy input, it was clear that DD increased as pH increased, but it seemed that DD decreased when the specific energy input exceeded about 20,000kJ/kg TS. This phenomenon tells us that there exists a certain point where additional energy input is ineffective in achieving further disintegration. A synergetic disintegration effect was also found in the combined pretreatment, with lower specific energy input in ultrasonic pretreatment yielding higher synergetic effect. Finally, in order to see the combined pretreatment effect in continuous operation, the sludge pretreated with low intensity alkaline (pH 9)/ultrasonic (7500kJ/kg TS) treatment was fed to a 3 L of anaerobic sequencing batch reactor after 70 days of control operation. CH(4) production yield significantly increased from 81.9+/-4.5mL CH(4)/g COD(added) to 127.3+/-5.0mL CH(4)/g COD(added) by pretreatment, and this enhanced performance was closely related to the solubilization increase of the sludge by pretreatment. However, enhanced anaerobic digestion resulted in 20% higher soluble N concentration in the reactor, which would be an additional burden in the subsequent nitrogen removal system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Hoon Kim
- Bioenergy Research Center, Korea Institute of Energy Research, Daejeon 305-343, Republic of Korea
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