1
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Kumar S, Chaudhary B, Singhal B. Phylum-level studies of bacterial cutinases for unravelling enzymatic specificity toward PET degradation: an in silico approach. Braz J Microbiol 2024; 55:2385-2400. [PMID: 38750346 PMCID: PMC11405750 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-024-01362-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The overwhelming use of PET plastic in various day-to-day activities led to the voluminous increase in PET waste and growing environmental hazards. A plethora of methods have been used that are associated with secondary pollutants. Therefore, microbial degradation of PET provides a sustainable approach due to its versatile metabolic diversity and capacity. The present work highlights the cutinase enzyme's role in PET degradation. This study focuses on the bacterial cutinases homologs screened from 43 reported phylum of bacteria. The reported bacterial cutinases for plastic degradation have been chosen as reference sequences, and 917 sequences have shown homology across the bacterial phyla. The dienelactone hydrolase (DLH) domain was identified for attaining specificity towards PET binding in 196 of 917 sequences. Various computational tools have been used for the physicochemical characterization of 196 sequences. The analysis revealed that most selected sequences are hydrophilic, extracellular, and thermally stable. Based on this analysis, 17 sequences have been further pursued for three-dimensional structure prediction and validation. The molecular docking studies of 17 selected sequences revealed efficient PET binding with the three sequences derived from the phylum Bacteroidota, the lowest binding energy of -5.9 kcal/mol, Armatimonadota, and Nitrososphaerota with -5.8 kcal/mol. The two enzyme sequences retrieved from the phylum Bacteroidota and Armatimonadota are metagenomically derived. Therefore, the present studies concluded that there is a high probability of finding cutinase homologs in various environmental resources that can be further explored for PET degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubham Kumar
- School of Biotechnology, Gautam Buddha University, Greater Noida, U.P., India
| | - Bhupendra Chaudhary
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Barkha Singhal
- School of Biotechnology, Gautam Buddha University, Greater Noida, U.P., India.
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2
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Khatua S, Simal-Gandara J, Acharya K. Myco-remediation of plastic pollution: current knowledge and future prospects. Biodegradation 2024; 35:249-279. [PMID: 37665521 PMCID: PMC10950981 DOI: 10.1007/s10532-023-10053-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
To date, enumerable fungi have been reported to participate in the biodegradation of several notorious plastic materials following their isolation from soil of plastic-dumping sites, marine water, waste of mulch films, landfills, plant parts and gut of wax moth. The general mechanism begins with formation of hydrophobin and biofilm proceding to secretion of specific plastic degarding enzymes (peroxidase, hydrolase, protease and urease), penetration of three dimensional substrates and mineralization of plastic polymers into harmless products. As a result, several synthetic polymers including polyethylene, polystyrene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, polyurethane and/or bio-degradable plastics have been validated to deteriorate within months through the action of a wide variety of fungal strains predominantly Ascomycota (Alternaria, Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Fusarium, Penicillium spp.). Understanding the potential and mode of operation of these organisms is thus of prime importance inspiring us to furnish an up to date view on all the presently known fungal strains claimed to mitigate the plastic waste problem. Future research henceforth needs to be directed towards metagenomic approach to distinguish polymer degrading microbial diversity followed by bio-augmentation to build fascinating future of waste disposal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somanjana Khatua
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, 211002, India
| | - Jesus Simal-Gandara
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Science, Universidade de Vigo, 32004, Ourense, Spain.
| | - Krishnendu Acharya
- Molecular and Applied Mycology and Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Centre of Advanced Study, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700019, India.
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3
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Roman VA, Crable BR, Wagner DN, Gryganskyi A, Zelik S, Cummings L, Hung CS, Nadeau LJ, Schratz L, Haridas S, Pangilinan J, Lipzen A, Na H, Yan M, Ng V, Grigoriev IV, Barlow D, Biffinger J, Kelley-Loughnane N, Crookes-Goodson WJ, Stamps B, Varaljay VA. Identification and recombinant expression of a cutinase from Papiliotrema laurentii that hydrolyzes natural and synthetic polyesters. Appl Environ Microbiol 2024; 90:e0169423. [PMID: 38624219 PMCID: PMC11205760 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01694-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Given the multitude of extracellular enzymes at their disposal, many of which are designed to degrade nature's polymers (lignin, cutin, cellulose, etc.), fungi are adept at targeting synthetic polyesters with similar chemical composition. Microbial-influenced deterioration of xenobiotic polymeric surfaces is an area of interest for material scientists as these are important for the conservation of the underlying structural materials. Here, we describe the isolation and characterization of the Papiliotrema laurentii 5307AH (P. laurentii) cutinase, Plcut1. P. laurentii is basidiomycete yeast with the ability to disperse Impranil-DLN (Impranil), a colloidal polyester polyurethane, in agar plates. To test whether the fungal factor involved in this clearing was a secreted enzyme, we screened the ability of P. laurentii culture supernatants to disperse Impranil. Using size exclusion chromatography (SEC), we isolated fractions that contained Impranil-clearing activity. These fractions harbored a single ~22 kD band, which was excised and subjected to peptide sequencing. Homology searches using the peptide sequences identified, revealed that the protein Papla1 543643 (Plcut1) displays similarities to serine esterase and cutinase family of proteins. Biochemical assays using recombinant Plcut1 confirmed that this enzyme has the capability to hydrolyze Impranil, soluble esterase substrates, and apple cutin. Finally, we confirmed the presence of the Plcut1 in culture supernatants using a custom antibody that specifically recognizes this protein. The work shown here supports a major role for the Plcut1 in the fungal degradation of natural polyesters and xenobiotic polymer surfaces.IMPORTANCEFungi play a vital role in the execution of a broad range of biological processes that drive ecosystem function through production of a diverse arsenal of enzymes. However, the universal reactivity of these enzymes is a current problem for the built environment and the undesired degradation of polymeric materials in protective coatings. Here, we report the identification and characterization of a hydrolase from Papiliotrema laurentii 5307AH, an aircraft-derived fungal isolate found colonizing a biodeteriorated polymer-coated surface. We show that P. laurentii secretes a cutinase capable of hydrolyzing soluble esters as well as ester-based compounds forming solid surface coatings. These findings indicate that this fungus plays a significant role in biodeterioration through the production of a cutinase adept at degrading ester-based polymers, some of which form the backbone of protective surface coatings. The work shown here provides insights into the mechanisms employed by fungi to degrade xenobiotic polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor A. Roman
- Soft Matter Materials Branch, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio, USA
- UES, Inc., Dayton, Ohio, USA
| | - Bryan R. Crable
- Soft Matter Materials Branch, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio, USA
- UES, Inc., Dayton, Ohio, USA
| | - Dominique N. Wagner
- Soft Matter Materials Branch, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio, USA
- UES, Inc., Dayton, Ohio, USA
| | - Andrii Gryganskyi
- Soft Matter Materials Branch, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio, USA
- UES, Inc., Dayton, Ohio, USA
| | - Stephen Zelik
- Soft Matter Materials Branch, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio, USA
- UES, Inc., Dayton, Ohio, USA
| | - Logan Cummings
- Soft Matter Materials Branch, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio, USA
- UES, Inc., Dayton, Ohio, USA
| | - Chia S. Hung
- Soft Matter Materials Branch, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio, USA
| | - Lloyd J. Nadeau
- Soft Matter Materials Branch, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio, USA
| | - Lucas Schratz
- Chemistry Department, University of Dayton, Dayton, Ohio, USA
| | - Sajeet Haridas
- U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Jasmyn Pangilinan
- U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Anna Lipzen
- U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Hyunsoo Na
- U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Mi Yan
- U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Vivian Ng
- U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Igor V. Grigoriev
- U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | | | | | - Nancy Kelley-Loughnane
- Soft Matter Materials Branch, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Blake Stamps
- Soft Matter Materials Branch, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio, USA
| | - Vanessa A. Varaljay
- Soft Matter Materials Branch, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio, USA
- The Ohio State University, Infectious Diseases Institute, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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4
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Zampolli J, Vezzini D, Brocca S, Di Gennaro P. Insights into the biodegradation of polycaprolactone through genomic analysis of two plastic-degrading Rhodococcus bacteria. Front Microbiol 2024; 14:1284956. [PMID: 38235436 PMCID: PMC10791956 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1284956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Polycaprolactone (PCL) is an aliphatic polyester often utilized as a model to investigate the biodegradation potential of bacteria and the involved catabolic enzymes. This study aims to characterize PCL biodegradative metabolic potential and correlate it to genomic traits of two plastic-degrading bacteria-Rhodococcus erythropolis D4 strain, a new isolate from plastic-rich organic waste treatment plant, and Rhodococcus opacus R7, known for its relevant biodegradative potential on polyethylene and similar compounds. After preliminary screening for bacteria capable of hydrolyzing tributyrin and PCL, the biodegradation of PCL was evaluated in R. erythropolis D4 and R. opacus R7 by measuring their growth and the release of PCL catabolism products up to 42 days. After 7 days, an increase of at least one order of magnitude of cell number was observed. GC-MS analyses of 28-day culture supernatants showed an increase in carboxylic acids in both Rhodococcus cultures. Furthermore, hydrolytic activity (~5 U mg-1) on short/medium-chain p-nitrophenyl esters was detected in their supernatant. Finally, a comparative genome analysis was performed between two Rhodococcus strains. A comparison with genes annotated in reference strains revealed hundreds of gene products putatively related to polyester biodegradation. Based on additional predictive analysis of gene products, gene expression was performed on a smaller group of genes, revealing that exposure to PCL elicits the greatest increase in transcription for a single gene in strain R7 and two genes, including that encoding a putative lipase, in strain D4. This work exhibits a multifaceted experimental approach to exploit the broad potential of Rhodococcus strains in the field of plastic biodegradation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Patrizia Di Gennaro
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
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5
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Watanabe D, Hashimoto W. Adaptation of yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae to grape-skin environment. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9279. [PMID: 37340058 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35734-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Saccharomyces cerevisiae, an essential player in alcoholic fermentation during winemaking, is rarely found in intact grapes. Although grape-skin environment is unsuitable for S. cerevisiae's stable residence, Saccharomycetaceae-family fermentative yeasts can increase population on grape berries after colonization during raisin production. Here, we addressed adaptation of S. cerevisiae to grape-skin ecosystem. The yeast-like fungus Aureobasidium pullulans, a major grape-skin resident, exhibited broad spectrum assimilation of plant-derived carbon sources, including ω-hydroxy fatty acid, arising from degradation of plant cuticles. In fact, A. pullulans encoded and secreted possible cutinase-like esterase for cuticle degradation. When intact grape berries were used as a sole carbon source, such grape-skin associated fungi increased the accessibility to fermentable sugars by degrading and assimilating the plant cell wall and cuticle compounds. Their ability seems also helpful for S. cerevisiae to obtain energy through alcoholic fermentation. Thus, degradation and utilization of grape-skin materials by resident microbiota may account for their residence on grape-skin and S. cerevisiae's possible commensal behaviors. Conclusively, this study focused on the symbiosis between grape-skin microbiota and S. cerevisiae from the perspective of winemaking origin. Such plant-microbe symbiotic interaction may be a prerequisite for triggering spontaneous food fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Watanabe
- Laboratory of Basic and Applied Molecular Biotechnology, Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, Japan
- Laboratory of Applied Stress Microbiology, Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara, Japan
| | - Wataru Hashimoto
- Laboratory of Basic and Applied Molecular Biotechnology, Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, Japan.
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6
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Malafatti-Picca L, Bucioli EC, de Barros Chaves MR, de Castro AM, Valoni É, de Oliveira VM, Marsaioli AJ, Govone JS, de Franceschi de Angelis D, Brienzo M, Attili-Angelis D. Fungal Screening for Potential PET Depolymerization. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15061581. [PMID: 36987362 PMCID: PMC10053415 DOI: 10.3390/polym15061581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Approximately 400 billion PET bottles are produced annually in the world, of which from 8 to 9 million tons are discarded in oceans. This requires developing strategies to urgently recycle them. PET recycling can be carried out using the microbial hydrolysis of polymers when monomers and oligomers are released. Exploring the metabolic activity of fungi is an environmentally friendly way to treat harmful polymeric waste and obtain the production of monomers. The present study addressed: (i) the investigation of potential of strains with the potential for the depolymerization of PET bottles from different manufacturers (crystallinity of 35.5 and 10.4%); (ii) the search for a culture medium that favors the depolymerization process; and (iii) gaining more knowledge on fungal enzymes that can be applied to PET recycling. Four strains (from 100 fungal strains) were found as promising for conversion into terephthalic acid from PET nanoparticles (npPET): Curvularia trifolii CBMAI 2111, Trichoderma sp. CBMAI 2071, Trichoderma atroviride CBMAI 2073, and Cladosporium cladosporioides CBMAI 2075. The fermentation assays in the presence of PET led to the release of terephthalic acid in concentrations above 12 ppm. Biodegradation was also confirmed using mass variation analyses (reducing mass), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) that showed evidence of material roughness, FTIR analysis that showed band modification, enzymatic activities detected for lipase, and esterase and cutinase, confirmed by monomers/oligomers quantification using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC-UV). Based on the microbial strains PET depolymerization, the results are promising for the exploration of the selected microbial strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lusiane Malafatti-Picca
- Environmental Studies Center (CEA), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Av. 24-A, 1515, Bela Vista, Rio Claro 13506-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Elaine Cristina Bucioli
- Environmental Studies Center (CEA), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Av. 24-A, 1515, Bela Vista, Rio Claro 13506-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Michel Ricardo de Barros Chaves
- Coordination of Natural Sciences, Federal University of Maranhão (UFMA), Av. João Alberto, 700, Bacabal 65700-000, MA, Brazil
| | - Aline Machado de Castro
- Department of Biotechnology, R&D Center, PETROBRAS, Av. Horácio Macedo, 950, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro 21941-915, RJ, Brazil
| | - Érika Valoni
- Department of Biotechnology, R&D Center, PETROBRAS, Av. Horácio Macedo, 950, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro 21941-915, RJ, Brazil
| | - Valéria Maia de Oliveira
- Division of Microbial Resources, CPQBA, State University of Campinas (Unicamp), Rua Alexandre Cazellato, 999, Paulínia 13148-218, SP, Brazil
| | - Anita Jocelyne Marsaioli
- Institute of Chemistry, State University of Campinas (Unicamp), P.O. Box 6154, Campinas 13084-971, SP, Brazil
| | - José Silvio Govone
- Environmental Studies Center (CEA), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Av. 24-A, 1515, Bela Vista, Rio Claro 13506-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Dejanira de Franceschi de Angelis
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Av. 24-A, 1515, Bela Vista, Rio Claro 13506-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Michel Brienzo
- Institute For Research in Bioenergy (IPBEN), São Paulo State University (UNESP), R. 10, 2527, Santana, Rio Claro 13500-230, SP, Brazil
| | - Derlene Attili-Angelis
- Environmental Studies Center (CEA), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Av. 24-A, 1515, Bela Vista, Rio Claro 13506-900, SP, Brazil
- Division of Microbial Resources, CPQBA, State University of Campinas (Unicamp), Rua Alexandre Cazellato, 999, Paulínia 13148-218, SP, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Av. 24-A, 1515, Bela Vista, Rio Claro 13506-900, SP, Brazil
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Santos-Beneit F, Chen LM, Bordel S, Frutos de la Flor R, García-Depraect O, Lebrero R, Rodriguez-Vega S, Muñoz R, Börner RA, Börner T. Screening Enzymes That Can Depolymerize Commercial Biodegradable Polymers: Heterologous Expression of Fusarium solani Cutinase in Escherichia coli. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11020328. [PMID: 36838293 PMCID: PMC9963400 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11020328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, a number of microbial enzymes capable of degrading plastics have been identified. Biocatalytic depolymerization mediated by enzymes has emerged as a potentially more efficient and environmentally friendly alternative to the currently employed methods for plastic treatment and recycling. However, the functional and systematic study of depolymerase enzymes with respect to the degradation of a series of plastic polymers in a single work has not been widely addressed at present. In this study, the ability of a set of enzymes (esterase, arylesterase and cutinase) to degrade commercial biodegradable polymers (PBS, PBAT, PHB, PHBH, PHBV, PCL, PLA and PLA/PCL) and the effect of pre-treatment methods on their degradation rate was assessed. The degradation products were identified and quantified by HPLC and LC-HRMS analysis. Out of the three enzymes, Fusarium solani cutinase (FsCut) showed the highest activity on grinded PBAT, PBS and PCL after 7 days of incubation. FsCut was engineered and heterologous expressed in Escherichia coli, which conferred the bacterium the capability of degrading solid discs of PBAT and to grow in PBS as the sole carbon source of the medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Santos-Beneit
- Institute of Sustainable Processes, Dr. Mergelina s/n, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, School of Industrial Engineering, University of Valladolid, Dr. Mergelina s/n, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
- Correspondence: (F.S.-B.); (T.B.)
| | - Le Min Chen
- Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A, Route du Jorat 57, 1000 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sergio Bordel
- Institute of Sustainable Processes, Dr. Mergelina s/n, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, School of Industrial Engineering, University of Valladolid, Dr. Mergelina s/n, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Raquel Frutos de la Flor
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, School of Industrial Engineering, University of Valladolid, Dr. Mergelina s/n, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Octavio García-Depraect
- Institute of Sustainable Processes, Dr. Mergelina s/n, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, School of Industrial Engineering, University of Valladolid, Dr. Mergelina s/n, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Raquel Lebrero
- Institute of Sustainable Processes, Dr. Mergelina s/n, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, School of Industrial Engineering, University of Valladolid, Dr. Mergelina s/n, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Sara Rodriguez-Vega
- Institute of Sustainable Processes, Dr. Mergelina s/n, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, School of Industrial Engineering, University of Valladolid, Dr. Mergelina s/n, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Raúl Muñoz
- Institute of Sustainable Processes, Dr. Mergelina s/n, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, School of Industrial Engineering, University of Valladolid, Dr. Mergelina s/n, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Rosa Aragão Börner
- Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A, Route du Jorat 57, 1000 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Tim Börner
- Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A, Route du Jorat 57, 1000 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Correspondence: (F.S.-B.); (T.B.)
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8
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Bher A, Mayekar PC, Auras RA, Schvezov CE. Biodegradation of Biodegradable Polymers in Mesophilic Aerobic Environments. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:12165. [PMID: 36293023 PMCID: PMC9603655 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Finding alternatives to diminish plastic pollution has become one of the main challenges of modern life. A few alternatives have gained potential for a shift toward a more circular and sustainable relationship with plastics. Biodegradable polymers derived from bio- and fossil-based sources have emerged as one feasible alternative to overcome inconveniences associated with the use and disposal of non-biodegradable polymers. The biodegradation process depends on the environment's factors, microorganisms and associated enzymes, and the polymer properties, resulting in a plethora of parameters that create a complex process whereby biodegradation times and rates can vary immensely. This review aims to provide a background and a comprehensive, systematic, and critical overview of this complex process with a special focus on the mesophilic range. Activity toward depolymerization by extracellular enzymes, biofilm effect on the dynamic of the degradation process, CO2 evolution evaluating the extent of biodegradation, and metabolic pathways are discussed. Remarks and perspectives for potential future research are provided with a focus on the current knowledge gaps if the goal is to minimize the persistence of plastics across environments. Innovative approaches such as the addition of specific compounds to trigger depolymerization under particular conditions, biostimulation, bioaugmentation, and the addition of natural and/or modified enzymes are state-of-the-art methods that need faster development. Furthermore, methods must be connected to standards and techniques that fully track the biodegradation process. More transdisciplinary research within areas of polymer chemistry/processing and microbiology/biochemistry is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anibal Bher
- School of Packaging, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Instituto de Materiales de Misiones, CONICET-UNaM, Posadas 3300, Misiones, Argentina
| | - Pooja C. Mayekar
- School of Packaging, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Rafael A. Auras
- School of Packaging, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Carlos E. Schvezov
- Instituto de Materiales de Misiones, CONICET-UNaM, Posadas 3300, Misiones, Argentina
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9
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Anand U, Vaishnav A, Sharma SK, Sahu J, Ahmad S, Sunita K, Suresh S, Dey A, Bontempi E, Singh AK, Proćków J, Shukla AK. Current advances and research prospects for agricultural and industrial uses of microbial strains available in world collections. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 842:156641. [PMID: 35700781 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Microorganisms are an important component of the ecosystem and have an enormous impact on human lives. Moreover, microorganisms are considered to have desirable effects on other co-existing species in a variety of habitats, such as agriculture and industries. In this way, they also have enormous environmental applications. Hence, collections of microorganisms with specific traits are a crucial step in developing new technologies to harness the microbial potential. Microbial culture collections (MCCs) are a repository for the preservation of a large variety of microbial species distributed throughout the world. In this context, culture collections (CCs) and microbial biological resource centres (mBRCs) are vital for the safeguarding and circulation of biological resources, as well as for the progress of the life sciences. Ex situ conservation of microorganisms tagged with specific traits in the collections is the crucial step in developing new technologies to harness their potential. Type strains are mainly used in taxonomic study, whereas reference strains are used for agricultural, biotechnological, pharmaceutical research and commercial work. Despite the tremendous potential in microbiological research, little effort has been made in the true sense to harness the potential of conserved microorganisms. This review highlights (1) the importance of available global microbial collections for man and (2) the use of these resources in different research and applications in agriculture, biotechnology, and industry. In addition, an extensive literature survey was carried out on preserved microorganisms from different collection centres using the Web of Science (WoS) and SCOPUS. This review also emphasizes knowledge gaps and future perspectives. Finally, this study provides a critical analysis of the current and future roles of microorganisms available in culture collections for different sustainable agricultural and industrial applications. This work highlights target-specific potential microbial strains that have multiple important metabolic and genetic traits for future research and use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uttpal Anand
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Anukool Vaishnav
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Applied Sciences & Humanities, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh 281406, India; Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zürich, Zollikerstrasse 107, CH-8008 Zürich, Switzerland; Plant-Soil Interaction Group, Agroscope (Reckenholz), Reckenholzstrasse 191, 8046 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Sushil K Sharma
- National Agriculturally Important Microbial Culture Collection (NAIMCC), ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms (ICAR-NBAIM), Mau 275 103, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Jagajjit Sahu
- GyanArras Academy, Gothapatna, Malipada, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751029, India
| | - Sarfaraz Ahmad
- Department of Botany, Jai Prakash University, Saran, Chhapra 841301, Bihar, India
| | - Kumari Sunita
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Deen Dayal Upadhyay Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh 273009, India
| | - S Suresh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, Bhopal 462 003, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Abhijit Dey
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, 86/1 College Street, Kolkata 700073, West Bengal, India
| | - Elza Bontempi
- INSTM and Chemistry for Technologies Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Brescia, Via Branze, 38, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Amit Kishore Singh
- Department of Botany, Bhagalpur National College, (A Constituent unit of Tilka Manjhi Bhagalpur University), Bhagalpur 812007, Bihar, India
| | - Jarosław Proćków
- Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Kożuchowska 5b, 51-631 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Awadhesh Kumar Shukla
- Department of Botany, K.S. Saket P.G. College, Ayodhya (affiliated to Dr. Rammanohar Lohia Avadh University, Ayodhya) 224123, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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10
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A Review of the Fungi That Degrade Plastic. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8080772. [PMID: 35893140 PMCID: PMC9330918 DOI: 10.3390/jof8080772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Plastic has become established over the world as an essential basic need for our daily life. Current global plastic production exceeds 300 million tons annually. Plastics have many characteristics such as low production costs, inertness, relatively low weight, and durability. The primary disadvantage of plastics is their extremely slow natural degradation. The latter results in an accumulation of plastic waste in nature. The amount of plastic waste as of 2015 was 6300 million tons worldwide, and 79% of this was placed in landfills or left in the natural environment. Moreover, recent estimates report that 12,000 million tons of plastic waste will have been accumulated on the earth by 2050. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an effective plastic biodegradation process to accelerate the natural degradation rate of plastics. More than 400 microbes have been identified as capable of plastic degradation. This is the first paper of the series on plastic-degrading fungi. This paper provides a summary of the current global production of plastic and plastic waste accumulation in nature. A list is given of all the plastic-degrading fungi recorded thus far, based on the available literature, and comments are made relating to the major fungal groups. In addition, the phylogenetic relationships of plastic-degrading fungi were analyzed using a combined ITS, LSU, SSU, TEF, RPB1, and RPB2 dataset consisting of 395 strains. Our results confirm that plastic-degrading fungi are found in eleven classes in the fungal phyla Ascomycota (Dothideomycetes, Eurotiomycetes, Leotiomycetes, Saccharomycetes, and Sordariomycetes), Basidiomycota (Agaricomycetes, Microbotryomycetes, Tremellomycetes, Tritirachiomycetes, and Ustilaginomy-cetes), and Mucoromycota (Mucoromycetes). The taxonomic placement of plastic-degrading fungal taxa is briefly discussed. The Eurotiomycetes include the largest number of plastic degraders in the kingdom Fungi. The results presented herein are expected to influence the direction of future research on similar topics in order to find effective plastic-degrading fungi that can eliminate plastic wastes. The next publication of the series on plastic-degrading fungi will be focused on major metabolites, degradation pathways, and enzyme production in plastic degradation by fungi.
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11
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Shilpa, Basak N, Meena SS. Microbial biodegradation of plastics: Challenges, opportunities, and a critical perspective. FRONTIERS OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & ENGINEERING 2022; 16:161. [PMID: 35874797 PMCID: PMC9295099 DOI: 10.1007/s11783-022-1596-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The abundance of synthetic polymers has increased due to their uncontrolled utilization and disposal in the environment. The recalcitrant nature of plastics leads to accumulation and saturation in the environment, which is a matter of great concern. An exponential rise has been reported in plastic pollution during the corona pandemic because of PPE kits, gloves, and face masks made up of single-use plastics. The physicochemical methods have been employed to degrade synthetic polymers, but these methods have limited efficiency and cause the release of hazardous metabolites or by-products in the environment. Microbial species, isolated from landfills and dumpsites, have utilized plastics as the sole source of carbon, energy, and biomass production. The involvement of microbial strains in plastic degradation is evident as a substantial amount of mineralization has been observed. However, the complete removal of plastic could not be achieved, but it is still effective compared to the preexisting traditional methods. Therefore, microbial species and the enzymes involved in plastic waste degradation could be utilized as eco-friendly alternatives. Thus, microbial biodegradation approaches have a profound scope to cope with the plastic waste problem in a cost-effective and environmental-friendly manner. Further, microbial degradation can be optimized and combined with physicochemical methods to achieve substantial results. This review summarizes the different microbial species, their genes, biochemical pathways, and enzymes involved in plastic biodegradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpa
- Department of Biotechnology, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar National Institute of Technology Jalandhar, Punjab, 144027 India
| | - Nitai Basak
- Department of Biotechnology, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar National Institute of Technology Jalandhar, Punjab, 144027 India
| | - Sumer Singh Meena
- Department of Biotechnology, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar National Institute of Technology Jalandhar, Punjab, 144027 India
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12
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High poly ε-caprolactone biodegradation activity by a new Acinetobacter seifertii isolate. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2022; 67:659-669. [PMID: 35384558 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-022-00964-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Poly(ε-caprolactone; PCL) is an attractive biodegradable polymer that has been increasingly used to solve environmental problems caused by plastic wastes. In the present study, 468 bacterial isolates were recovered from soil samples and screened for PCL degradation activity. Of the isolates, 37 (7.9%) showed PCL depolymerase activity on PCL agar medium, with the highest activity being by isolate S22 which was identified using 16S rRNA and rpoB gene sequencing as Acinetobacter seifertii. Scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed the degradation of PCL films after treatment with A. seifertii S22. The PCL depolymerase activity of A. seifertii S22 relied on the activity of esterase which occurred at an optimum temperature of 30-40 °C. The highest PCL depolymerase activity (35.5 ± 0.7 U/mL) was achieved after culturing A. seifertii S22 for 6 h in mineral salt medium (MSM) containing 0.1% Tween 20 and 0.02% ammonium sulfate as the carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively, which was approximately 20-fold higher than for cultivation in MSM supplemented with 0.1% PCL as sole carbon source. The results suggested that A. seifertii S22 or its enzymes could be used for PCL bioplastic degradation.
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13
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Lim BKH, Thian ES. Biodegradation of polymers in managing plastic waste - A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 813:151880. [PMID: 34826495 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The modern economy that is fast-moving and convenience centric has led to excessive consumption of plastic. This has unwittingly led to egregious accumulation of plastic waste polluting the environment. Unfortunately, present means of plastic waste management have all been proven as less than adequate; namely recycling, landfill and incineration. Recent focus on plastic waste management has seen the confluence of the developments in biodegradable polymers and microbial engineering strategy for more expedient decomposition of plastic waste at composting facilities. This review paper is an assimilation of current developments in the areas of biodegradable polymer as well as microbial strategy towards management of polymer waste. Advents in biodegradable polymers have been promising, especially with aliphatic polyesters and starch in blends or co-polymers of these. Microbial strategies have been pursued for the identification of microbial strains and understanding of their enzymatic degradation process on polymers. New insights in these two areas have been focused in improving the rate of degradation of plastic waste at composting facilities. Recent alignment of testing and certification standards is outlined to give intimate insights into the mechanisms and factors influencing biodegradation. Despite recent milestones, economic viability of composting plastic waste in mainstream waste facilities is still a distance away. As it remains that a polymer that is biodegradable is functionally inferior to conventional polymers. Rather, it requires a shift in consumer behaviour to accept less durable biodegradable plastic products, this will then lower the threshold for biodegradable polymers to become a commercial reality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berlinda Kwee Hong Lim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117576, Singapore
| | - Eng San Thian
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117576, Singapore.
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14
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Li L, Lin X, Bao J, Xia H, Li F. Two Extracellular Poly(ε-caprolactone)-Degrading Enzymes From Pseudomonas hydrolytica sp. DSWY01T: Purification, Characterization, and Gene Analysis. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:835847. [PMID: 35372294 PMCID: PMC8971842 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.835847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) is an artificial polyester with commercially promising application. In this study, two novel PCL-degrading enzymes named PCLase I and PCLase II were purified to homogeneity from the culture supernatant of an effective polyester-degrading bacterium, Pseudomonas hydrolytica sp. DSWY01T. The molecular masses of PCLase I and PCLase II were determined to be 27.5 and 30.0 kDa, respectively. The optimum temperatures for the enzyme activities were 50 and 40°C, and the optimum pH values were 9.0 and 10.0, respectively. The two enzymes exhibited different physical and chemical properties, but both enzymes could degrade PCL substrates into monomers and oligomers. Weight loss detection and scanning electron microscopy revealed that PCLase I had more effective degradation ability than PCLase II. The genes of the two enzymes were cloned on the basis of the peptide fingerprint analysis results. The sequence analysis and substrate specificity analysis results showed that PCLase I and PCLase II were cutinase and lipase, respectively. Interface activation experiment also confirmed this conclusion. Structural analysis and modeling were further performed to obtain possible insights on the mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linying Li
- School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates, Ministry of Education, Changchun, China
| | - Xiumei Lin
- Changchun GeneScience Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Changchun, China
| | - Jianfeng Bao
- School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Hongmei Xia
- School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Biology Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Fan Li
- School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates, Ministry of Education, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Fan Li,
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15
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Haque FM, Ishibashi JSA, Lidston CAL, Shao H, Bates FS, Chang AB, Coates GW, Cramer CJ, Dauenhauer PJ, Dichtel WR, Ellison CJ, Gormong EA, Hamachi LS, Hoye TR, Jin M, Kalow JA, Kim HJ, Kumar G, LaSalle CJ, Liffland S, Lipinski BM, Pang Y, Parveen R, Peng X, Popowski Y, Prebihalo EA, Reddi Y, Reineke TM, Sheppard DT, Swartz JL, Tolman WB, Vlaisavljevich B, Wissinger J, Xu S, Hillmyer MA. Defining the Macromolecules of Tomorrow through Synergistic Sustainable Polymer Research. Chem Rev 2022; 122:6322-6373. [PMID: 35133803 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Transforming how plastics are made, unmade, and remade through innovative research and diverse partnerships that together foster environmental stewardship is critically important to a sustainable future. Designing, preparing, and implementing polymers derived from renewable resources for a wide range of advanced applications that promote future economic development, energy efficiency, and environmental sustainability are all central to these efforts. In this Chemical Reviews contribution, we take a comprehensive, integrated approach to summarize important and impactful contributions to this broad research arena. The Review highlights signature accomplishments across a broad research portfolio and is organized into four wide-ranging research themes that address the topic in a comprehensive manner: Feedstocks, Polymerization Processes and Techniques, Intended Use, and End of Use. We emphasize those successes that benefitted from collaborative engagements across disciplinary lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farihah M Haque
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Jacob S A Ishibashi
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Claire A L Lidston
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-1801, United States
| | - Huiling Shao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Frank S Bates
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Alice B Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Geoffrey W Coates
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-1801, United States
| | - Christopher J Cramer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Paul J Dauenhauer
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - William R Dichtel
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Christopher J Ellison
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Ethan A Gormong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Leslie S Hamachi
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Thomas R Hoye
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Mengyuan Jin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Julia A Kalow
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Hee Joong Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Gaurav Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Christopher J LaSalle
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Stephanie Liffland
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Bryce M Lipinski
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-1801, United States
| | - Yutong Pang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Riffat Parveen
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, United States
| | - Xiayu Peng
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Yanay Popowski
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130-4899, United States
| | - Emily A Prebihalo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Yernaidu Reddi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Theresa M Reineke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Daylan T Sheppard
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Jeremy L Swartz
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - William B Tolman
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130-4899, United States
| | - Bess Vlaisavljevich
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, United States
| | - Jane Wissinger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Shu Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Marc A Hillmyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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16
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Morinval A, Averous L. Systems Based on Biobased Thermoplastics: From Bioresources to Biodegradable Packaging Applications. POLYM REV 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/15583724.2021.2012802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Morinval
- BioTeam/ICPEES-ECPM, UMR CNRS 7515, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, Cedex 2, France
| | - Luc Averous
- BioTeam/ICPEES-ECPM, UMR CNRS 7515, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, Cedex 2, France
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17
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A Novel Actinobacterial Cutinase Containing a Non-Catalytic Polymer-Binding Domain. Appl Environ Microbiol 2021; 88:e0152221. [PMID: 34705546 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01522-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The single putative cutinase-encoding gene from the genome of Kineococcus radiotolerans SRS30216 was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli as a secreted fusion protein, designated YebF-KrCUT, where YebF is the extracellular carrier protein. The 294-amino acid sequence of KrCUT is unique among currently characterized cutinases by having a C-terminal extension that consists of a short (Pro-Thr)-rich linker and a 55-amino-acid region resembling the substrate binding domain of poly(hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) depolymerases. Phylogenetically, KrCUT takes a unique position among known cutinases and cutinase-like proteins of bacterial and fungal origin. A modeled structure of KrCUT, although displaying a typical α/ß hydrolase fold, shows some unique loops close to the catalytic site. The 39-kDa YebF-KrCUT fusion protein and a truncated variant thereof were purified to electrophoretic homogeneity and functionally characterized. The melting temperatures (Tm) of KrCUT and its variant KrCUT206 devoid of the putative PHB-binding domain were established to be very similar at 50-51°C. Cutinase activity was confirmed by the appearance of characteristic cutin components, C16 and C18 hydroxyl fatty acids, in the mass chromatograms following incubation of KrCUT with apple cutin as substrate. KrCUT also efficiently degraded synthetic polyesters such as polycaprolactone and poly(1,3-propylene adipate). Although incapable of PHB depolymerization, KrCUT could efficiently bind PHB, confirming the predicted characteristic of the C-terminal region. KrCUT also potentiated the activity of pectate lyase in the degradation of pectin from hemp fibres. This synergistic effect is relevant to the enzyme retting process of natural fibres. IMPORTANCE. To date only a limited number of cutinases have been isolated and characterized from nature, the majority being sourced from phytopathogenic fungi and thermophilic bacteria. The significance of our research relates to the identification and characterization of a unique member of microbial cutinases, of name KrCUT, that was derived from the genome of the Gram-positive Kineococcus radiotolerans SRS30216, a highly radiation-resistant actinobacterium. Given the wide-ranging importance of cutinases in applications such as the degradation of natural and synthetic polymers, in the textile industry, in laundry detergents, or in biocatalysis (e.g., transesterification reactions), our results could foster new research leading to broader biotechnological impacts. This study also demonstrated that genome mining or prospecting is a viable means to discover novel biocatalysts as environmentally friendly and biotechnological tool.
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18
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Kawai F. Emerging Strategies in Polyethylene Terephthalate Hydrolase Research for Biorecycling. CHEMSUSCHEM 2021; 14:4115-4122. [PMID: 33949146 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202100740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The research on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) hydrolyzing enzymes started in 2005; several studies are now nearing the objective of their application in biorecycling of PET, which is an urgent environmental issue. The thermostability of PET hydrolases must be higher than 70 °C, which has already been established by several thermophilic cutinases, as higher thermostability results in higher activity. Additionally, pretreatment of waste PET to more enzyme-attackable forms is necessary for PET biorecycling. This Minireview summarizes research on enzymatic PET hydrolysis from two viewpoints: 1) improvement of PET hydrolases by focusing on their thermostabilities by mutation of enzyme genes, their expression in several hosts, and their modifications; and 2) processing of waste PET to readily biodegradable forms. Finally, the outlook of PET biorecycling is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fusako Kawai
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto, Japan
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
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19
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Sharma S, Sudhakara P, Singh J, Ilyas RA, Asyraf MRM, Razman MR. Critical Review of Biodegradable and Bioactive Polymer Composites for Bone Tissue Engineering and Drug Delivery Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:2623. [PMID: 34451161 PMCID: PMC8399915 DOI: 10.3390/polym13162623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In the determination of the bioavailability of drugs administered orally, the drugs' solubility and permeability play a crucial role. For absorption of drug molecules and production of a pharmacological response, solubility is an important parameter that defines the concentration of the drug in systemic circulation. It is a challenging task to improve the oral bioavailability of drugs that have poor water solubility. Most drug molecules are either poorly soluble or insoluble in aqueous environments. Polymer nanocomposites are combinations of two or more different materials that possess unique characteristics and are fused together with sufficient energy in such a manner that the resultant material will have the best properties of both materials. These polymeric materials (biodegradable and other naturally bioactive polymers) are comprised of nanosized particles in a composition of other materials. A systematic search was carried out on Web of Science and SCOPUS using different keywords, and 485 records were found. After the screening and eligibility process, 88 journal articles were found to be eligible, and hence selected to be reviewed and analyzed. Biocompatible and biodegradable materials have emerged in the manufacture of therapeutic and pharmacologic devices, such as impermanent implantation and 3D scaffolds for tissue regeneration and biomedical applications. Substantial effort has been made in the usage of bio-based polymers for potential pharmacologic and biomedical purposes, including targeted deliveries and drug carriers for regulated drug release. These implementations necessitate unique physicochemical and pharmacokinetic, microbiological, metabolic, and degradation characteristics of the materials in order to provide prolific therapeutic treatments. As a result, a broadly diverse spectrum of natural or artificially synthesized polymers capable of enzymatic hydrolysis, hydrolyzing, or enzyme decomposition are being explored for biomedical purposes. This summary examines the contemporary status of biodegradable naturally and synthetically derived polymers for biomedical fields, such as tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, bioengineering, targeted drug discovery and delivery, implantation, and wound repair and healing. This review presents an insight into a number of the commonly used tissue engineering applications, including drug delivery carrier systems, demonstrated in the recent findings. Due to the inherent remarkable properties of biodegradable and bioactive polymers, such as their antimicrobial, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activities, certain materials have gained significant interest in recent years. These systems are also actively being researched to improve therapeutic activity and mitigate adverse consequences. In this article, we also present the main drug delivery systems reported in the literature and the main methods available to impregnate the polymeric scaffolds with drugs, their properties, and their respective benefits for tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubham Sharma
- Regional Centre for Extension and Development, CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute, Leather Complex, Kapurthala Road, Jalandhar 144021, India
- PhD Research Scholar, IK Gujral Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar-Kapurthala, Highway, VPO, Ibban 144603, India
| | - P. Sudhakara
- Regional Centre for Extension and Development, CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute, Leather Complex, Kapurthala Road, Jalandhar 144021, India
| | - Jujhar Singh
- IK Gujral Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar-Kapurthala, Highway, VPO, Ibban 144603, India;
| | - R. A. Ilyas
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia;
- Centre for Advanced Composite Materials, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia
| | - M. R. M. Asyraf
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - M. R. Razman
- Research Centre for Sustainability Science and Governance (SGK), Institute for Environment and Development (LESTARI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Malaysia
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20
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Ueda H, Tabata J, Seshime Y, Masaki K, Sameshima-Yamashita Y, Kitamoto H. Cutinase-like biodegradable plastic-degrading enzymes from phylloplane yeasts have cutinase activity. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2021; 85:1890-1898. [PMID: 34160605 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbab113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Phylloplane yeast genera Pseudozyma and Cryptococcus secrete biodegradable plastic (BP)-degrading enzymes, termed cutinase-like enzymes (CLEs). Although CLEs contain highly conserved catalytic sites, the whole protein exhibits ≤30% amino acid sequence homology with cutinase. In this study, we analyzed whether CLEs exhibit cutinase activity. Seventeen Cryptococcus magnus strains, which degrade BP at 15 °C, were isolated from leaves and identified the DNA sequence of the CLE in one of the strains. Cutin was prepared from tomato leaves and treated with CLEs from 3 Cryptococcus species (C. magnus, Cryptococcus flavus, and Cryptococcus laurentii) and Pseudozyma antarctia (PaE). A typical cutin monomer, 10,16-dihydroxyhexadecanoic acid, was detected in extracts of the reaction solution via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, showing that cutin was indeed degraded by CLEs. In addition to the aforementioned monomer, separation analysis via thin-layer chromatography detected high-molecular-weight products resulting from the breakdown of cutin by PaE, indicating that PaE acts as an endo-type enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirokazu Ueda
- Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Japan
| | - Jun Tabata
- Institute for Plant Protection, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Japan
| | - Yasuyo Seshime
- Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Japan
| | | | - Yuka Sameshima-Yamashita
- Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Japan
| | - Hiroko Kitamoto
- Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Japan
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21
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Maity S, Banerjee S, Biswas C, Guchhait R, Chatterjee A, Pramanick K. Functional interplay between plastic polymers and microbes: a comprehensive review. Biodegradation 2021; 32:487-510. [PMID: 34086181 DOI: 10.1007/s10532-021-09954-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Escalated production of plastic, their worldwide distribution and persistent nature finally results into their environmental accumulation causing severe threats to the ecological environment and biotic health. Thus, development of suitable measurements for environmental remediation of plastic may be an urgent issue in this plastic age. Some recent reviews have categorized the microbial species able to degrade different plastic polymers and the different factors effecting bio-degradation of plastic are poorly understood. This review comprehensively discusses bio-degradation of traditional and biodegradable plastic polymers both in natural and biological environment (gut microbes and fungi) to understand different factors regulating their degradation, and also shows how degradation of plastic polymers under abiotic factors influence subsequent biological degradation. Different physicochemical modifications like - breaking large polymers into small fragments by pre-treatment, functional groups enrichment, identifying potent microbial species (consortia) and engineering microbial enzymes might be crucial for bio-degradations of plastic. Effects of micro/nanoplastic and other chemical intermediates, formed during the bio-degradation of plastic, on species composition, abundance, growth, metabolism and enzymatic systems of microbes involved in the bio-degradation of plastic should be determined in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukhendu Maity
- Integrative Biology Research Unit (IBRU), Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, India
| | - Sambuddha Banerjee
- Integrative Biology Research Unit (IBRU), Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, India
| | - Chayan Biswas
- Integrative Biology Research Unit (IBRU), Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, India
| | - Rajkumar Guchhait
- Integrative Biology Research Unit (IBRU), Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, India.,Department of Zoology, Mahishadal Raj College, Purba Medinipur, India
| | - Ankit Chatterjee
- Integrative Biology Research Unit (IBRU), Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, India
| | - Kousik Pramanick
- Integrative Biology Research Unit (IBRU), Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, India.
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22
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Han Y, Teng Y, Wang X, Ren W, Wang X, Luo Y, Zhang H, Christie P. Soil Type Driven Change in Microbial Community Affects Poly(butylene adipate- co-terephthalate) Degradation Potential. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:4648-4657. [PMID: 33761242 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c04850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Biodegradable mulch films have been developed as a suitable alternative to conventional nondegradable polyethylene films. However, the key factors controlling the degradation speed of biodegradable mulch films in soils remain unclear. Here, we linked changes in the soil microbiome with the degradation rate of a promising biodegradable material poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) in four soil types, a lou soil (LS), a fluvo-aquic soil (CS), a black soil (BS), and a red soil (RS), equivalent to Inceptisols (the first two soils), Mollisols, and Ultisols, using soil microcosms. The PBAT degradation rate differed with the soil type, with PBAT mineralization levels of 16, 9, 0.3, and 0.9% in LS, CS, BS, and RS, respectively, after 120 days. Metagenomic analysis showed that the microbial community in LS was more responsive to PBAT than the other three soils. PBAT hydrolase genes were significantly enriched in LS but were not significantly stimulated by PBAT in CS, BS, or RS. Several members of Proteobacteria were identified as novel potential degraders, and their enrichment extent was significantly positively correlated with PBAT degradation capacity. Overall, our results suggest that soil environments harbored a range of PBAT-degrading bacteria and the enrichment of potential degraders drives the fate of PBAT in the soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujuan Han
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Ying Teng
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Xia Wang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wenjie Ren
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Xiaomi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Yongming Luo
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Huimin Zhang
- Shanghai Majorbio Bio-Pharm Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201318, China
| | - Peter Christie
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
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23
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Oda M, Numoto N, Bekker GJ, Kamiya N, Kawai F. Cutinases from thermophilic bacteria (actinomycetes): From identification to functional and structural characterization. Methods Enzymol 2021; 648:159-185. [PMID: 33579402 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2020.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Thermophilic cutinases are mainly obtained from thermophilic actinomycetes, and are categorized into two groups, i.e., those with higher (>70°C) or lower (<70°C) thermostabilities. The thermostabilities of cutinases are highly relevant to their ability to degrade polyethylene terephthalate (PET). Many crystal structures of thermophilic cutinases have been solved, showing that their overall backbone structures are identical, irrespective of their ability to hydrolyze PET. One of the unique properties of cutinases is that metal ion-binding on the enzyme's surface both elevates their melting temperatures and activates the enzyme. In this chapter, we introduce the methodology for the identification and cloning of thermophilic cutinases from actinomycetes. For detailed characterization of cutinases, we describe the approach to analyze the intricate dynamics of the enzyme, based on its crystal structures complexed with metal ions and model substrates using a combination of experimental and computational techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Oda
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Numoto
- Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Gert-Jan Bekker
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Narutoshi Kamiya
- Graduate School of Simulation Studies, University of Hyogo, Kobe, Japan
| | - Fusako Kawai
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto, Japan.
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24
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Suzuki M, Tachibana Y, Kasuya KI. Biodegradability of poly(3-hydroxyalkanoate) and poly(ε-caprolactone) via biological carbon cycles in marine environments. Polym J 2020. [DOI: 10.1038/s41428-020-00396-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
AbstractApproximately 4.8–12.7 million tons of plastic waste has been estimated to be discharged into marine environments annually by wind and river currents. The Ellen MacArthur Foundation warns that the total weight of plastic waste in the oceans will exceed the total weight of fish in 2050 if the environmental runoff of plastic continues at the current rate. Hence, biodegradable plastics are attracting attention as a solution to the problems caused by plastic waste. Among biodegradable plastics, polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) and poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) are particularly noteworthy because of their excellent marine biodegradability. In this review, the biosynthesis of PHA and cutin, a natural analog of PCL, and the biodegradation of PHA and PCL in carbon cycles in marine ecosystems are discussed. PHA is biosynthesized and biodegraded by various marine microbes in a wide range of marine environments, including coastal, shallow-water, and deep-sea environments. Marine cutin is biosynthesized by marine plants or obtained from terrestrial environments, and PCL and cutin are biodegraded by cutin hydrolytic enzyme-producing microbes in broad marine environments. Thus, biological carbon cycles for PHA and PCL exist in the marine environment, which would allow materials made of PHA and PCL to be quickly mineralized in marine environments.
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25
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Jabloune R, Khalil M, Ben Moussa IE, Simao-Beaunoir AM, Lerat S, Brzezinski R, Beaulieu C. Enzymatic Degradation of p-Nitrophenyl Esters, Polyethylene Terephthalate, Cutin, and Suberin by Sub1, a Suberinase Encoded by the Plant Pathogen Streptomyces scabies. Microbes Environ 2020; 35. [PMID: 32101840 PMCID: PMC7104285 DOI: 10.1264/jsme2.me19086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The genome of Streptomyces scabies, the predominant causal agent of potato common scab, encodes a potential cutinase, the protein Sub1, which was previously shown to be specifically induced in the presence of suberin. The sub1 gene was expressed in Escherichia coli and the recombinant protein Sub1 was purified and characterized. The enzyme was shown to be versatile because it hydrolyzes a number of natural and synthetic substrates. Sub1 hydrolyzed p-nitrophenyl esters, with the hydrolysis of those harboring short carbon chains being the most effective. The Vmax and Km values of Sub1 for p-nitrophenyl butyrate were 2.36 mol g-1 min-1 and 5.7 10-4 M, respectively. Sub1 hydrolyzed the recalcitrant polymers cutin and suberin because the release of fatty acids from these substrates was observed following the incubation of the enzyme with these polymers. Furthermore, the hydrolyzing activity of the esterase Sub1 on the synthetic polymer polyethylene terephthalate (PET) was demonstrated by the release of terephthalic acid (TA). Sub1 activity on PET was markedly enhanced by the addition of Triton and was shown to be stable at 37°C for at least 20 d.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mario Khalil
- Département de Biologie, Université de Sherbrooke
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26
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Tampau A, González-Martínez C, Chiralt A. Biodegradability and disintegration of multilayer starch films with electrospun PCL fibres encapsulating carvacrol. Polym Degrad Stab 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2020.109100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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27
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Bláhová M, Randárová E, Konefał R, Nottelet B, Etrych T. Graft copolymers with tunable amphiphilicity tailored for efficient dual drug delivery via encapsulation and pH-sensitive drug conjugation. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py00609b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Amphiphilic poly(ε-caprolactone)-graft-(poly-N-(2-hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide) copolymers with tunable solution properties form stable micelles with high drug payload via simultaneous encapsulation and pH-sensitive covalent conjugation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markéta Bláhová
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry
- Czech Academy of Sciences
- 162 06 Prague 6
- Czech Republic
| | - Eva Randárová
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry
- Czech Academy of Sciences
- 162 06 Prague 6
- Czech Republic
| | - Rafal Konefał
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry
- Czech Academy of Sciences
- 162 06 Prague 6
- Czech Republic
| | - Benjamin Nottelet
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron
- Université Montpellier
- ENSCM
- Faculté de Pharmacie
- Montpellier Cedex 5
| | - Tomáš Etrych
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry
- Czech Academy of Sciences
- 162 06 Prague 6
- Czech Republic
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28
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Sooksai T, Bankeeree W, Sangwatanaroj U, Lotrakul P, Punnapayak H, Prasongsuk S. Production of cutinase from Fusarium falciforme and its application for hydrophilicity improvement of polyethylene terephthalate fabric. 3 Biotech 2019; 9:389. [PMID: 31656727 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-019-1931-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Among 23 isolates of cutinase-producing fungi from Thailand, one strain of Fusarium falciforme PBURU-T5 exhibited the greatest cutinase activity (3.36 ± 0.12 U ml-1) against p-nitrophenyl butyrate. This strain was found to produce an inducible cutinase when cultivated in the liquid mineral medium containing cutin from papaya peel as the sole carbon source. By optimizing the production condition based on the central composite experimental design, the maximal cutinase activity up to 4.82 ± 0.18 U ml-1 was attained under the condition: 0.4% (w/v) papaya cutin as the carbon source, 0.3% (w/v) peptone as the nitrogen source, incubation temperature at 30 °C for 4 days, and initial pH 7.0. The crude enzyme was optimally active at 35 °C and pH 9.0 which was suitable for textile industrial application. The treatment with the crude PBURU-T5 cutinase (100 U g-1 dry weight of fabric) could enhance the wetting time, water adsorption and moisture regain of polyethylene terephthalate fabric up to 1.9-, 1.2- and 1.3-fold, respectively, comparing with the conventional 1M NaOH treatment. The increment of these fabric properties by enzymatic treatment could facilitate the dyeing process and enhance the fabric softness. Thus, F. falciforme PBURU-T5 is the promising source of cutinase for the modification of the PET fabric surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taweeporn Sooksai
- 1Plant Biomass Utilization Research Unit, Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330 Thailand
- 2Program in Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330 Thailand
| | - Wichanee Bankeeree
- 1Plant Biomass Utilization Research Unit, Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330 Thailand
| | - Usa Sangwatanaroj
- 3Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330 Thailand
| | - Pongtharin Lotrakul
- 1Plant Biomass Utilization Research Unit, Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330 Thailand
| | - Hunsa Punnapayak
- 1Plant Biomass Utilization Research Unit, Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330 Thailand
- 4Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University Airlangga, Surabaya, 60511 Indonesia
| | - Sehanat Prasongsuk
- 1Plant Biomass Utilization Research Unit, Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330 Thailand
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29
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Almeida EL, Carrillo Rincón AF, Jackson SA, Dobson ADW. In silico Screening and Heterologous Expression of a Polyethylene Terephthalate Hydrolase (PETase)-Like Enzyme (SM14est) With Polycaprolactone (PCL)-Degrading Activity, From the Marine Sponge-Derived Strain Streptomyces sp. SM14. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2187. [PMID: 31632361 PMCID: PMC6779837 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Plastics, such as the polyethylene terephthalate (PET), are widely used for various industrial applications, due to their physicochemical properties which are particularly useful in the packaging industry. However, due to improper plastic waste management and difficulties in recycling, post-consumer plastic waste has become a pressing issue for both the environment and for human health. Hence, novel technologies and methods of processing plastic waste are required to address these issues. Enzymatic-assisted hydrolysis of synthetic polymers has been proposed as a potentially more efficient and environment-friendly alternative to the currently employed methods. Recently, a number of PET hydrolases have been described, and in particular a PETase derived from Ideonella sakaiensis 201-F6 (IsPETase), which appears to be the most efficient and substrate-specific bacterial PET hydrolase enzyme discovered to date. In order to further investigate this class of PETase-like enzymes, we employed an in silico-based screening approach on the biotechnologically relevant genus Streptomyces, including terrestrial and marine isolates; in a search for potential PETase homologs. From a total of 52 genomes analyzed, we were able to identify three potential PETase-like enzymes, all of which were derived from marine-sponge associated Streptomyces isolates. A candidate PETase-like gene (SM14est) was identified in Streptomyces sp. SM14. Further in silico characterization of the SM14est protein sequence and its predicted three-dimensional structure were performed and compared to the well-characterized IsPETase. Both the serine hydrolase motif Gly-x1-Ser-x2-Gly and the catalytic triad Ser, Asp, His are conserved in both sequences. Molecular docking experiments indicated that the SM14est enzyme possessed the capacity to bind plastics as substrates. Finally, polyesterase activity was confirmed using a polycaprolactone (PCL) plate clearing assay which is a model substrate for the degradation of plastics; following heterologous expression of SM14est in Escherichia coli, with secretion being facilitated by the native Streptomyces signal peptide. These findings provide further insights into this important class of PETase-like enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Stephen A Jackson
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Alan D W Dobson
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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30
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Sander M. Biodegradation of Polymeric Mulch Films in Agricultural Soils: Concepts, Knowledge Gaps, and Future Research Directions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:2304-2315. [PMID: 30698422 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b05208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The agricultural use of conventional, polyethylene-based mulch films leads to the accumulation of remnant film pieces in agricultural soils with negative impacts for soil productivity and ecology. A viable strategy to overcome this accumulation is to replace conventional with biodegradable mulch films composed of polymers designed to be degraded by soil microorganisms. However, understanding polymer biodegradation in soils remains a significant challenge due to its dependence on polymer properties, soil characteristics, and prevailing environmental conditions. This perspective aims to advance our understanding of the three fundamental steps underlying biodegradation of mulch films in agricultural soils: colonization of the polymer film surfaces by soil microorganisms, depolymerization of the polymer films by extracellular microbial hydrolases, and subsequent microbial assimilation and utilization of the hydrolysis products for energy production and biomass formation. The perspective synthesizes the current conceptual understanding of these steps and highlights existing knowledge gaps. The discussion addresses future research and analytical advancements required to overcome the knowledge gaps and to identify the key polymer properties and soil characteristics governing mulch film biodegradation in agricultural soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Sander
- Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics , ETH Zurich , 8092 Zurich , Switzerland
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31
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Blackwell CJ, Haernvall K, Guebitz GM, Groombridge M, Gonzales D, Khosravi E. Enzymatic Degradation of Star Poly( ε-Caprolactone) with Different Central Units. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:polym10111266. [PMID: 30961191 PMCID: PMC6401846 DOI: 10.3390/polym10111266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Four-arm star poly(ε-caprolactone) with a central poly(ethylene glycol) PEG unit bridged with 2,2-bis(methyl) propionic acid, (PCL)2-b-PEG-b-(PCL)2, and six-arm star PCL homopolymer with a central dipentaerythritol units were hydrolysed using a lipase from Pseudomonas cepacia and the Thermobifida cellulosilytica cutinase Thc_Cut1. For comparative analysis, Y-shaped copolymers containing methylated PEG bridged with bisMPA, MePEG-(PCL)2, and linear triblock copolymers PCL-b-PEG-b-PCL were also subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis. The hydrophilic nature of the polymers was determined using contact angle analysis, showing that a higher PEG content exhibited a lower contact angle and higher surface wettability. Enzymatic hydrolysis was monitored by % mass loss, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). A higher rate of mass loss was found for lipase catalysed hydrolysis of those polymers with the highest PEG content, leading to significant surface erosion and increase in crystallinity within the first two days. Liquid chromatography (LC) and size exclusion chromatography (SEC) of samples incubated with the cutinase showed a significant decrease in molecular weight, increase in dispersity, and release of ε-CL monomer units after 6 h of incubation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karolina Haernvall
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology GmbH, Konrad Lorenz Strasse 20, 3430 Tulln an der Donau, Austria.
| | - Georg M Guebitz
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology GmbH, Konrad Lorenz Strasse 20, 3430 Tulln an der Donau, Austria.
- Institute for Environmental Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Konrad Lorenz Strasse 20, 3430 Tulln an der Donau, Austria.
| | - Michael Groombridge
- Procter & Gamble, Cobalt 12A, Silver Fox Way, Cobalt Business Park, Newcastle upon Tyne NE27 0QW, UK.
| | - Denis Gonzales
- Procter & Gamble, Cobalt 12A, Silver Fox Way, Cobalt Business Park, Newcastle upon Tyne NE27 0QW, UK.
| | - Ezat Khosravi
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, UK.
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32
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Azura Azami N, Ira Aryani W, Aik-Hong T, Amirul AA. Purification and characterization of new bio-plastic degrading enzyme from Burkholderia cepacia DP1. Protein Expr Purif 2018; 155:35-42. [PMID: 30352276 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2018.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Depolymerase is an enzyme that plays an important role in the hydrolysis of polyhydroxyalkanoates [PHAs]. In the current study, Burkholderia cepacia DP1 was obtained from Penang, Malaysia in which the enzyme was purified using ion exchange and gel filtration (Superdex-75) column chromatography. The molecular mass of the enzyme was estimated to be 53.3 kDa using SDS-PAGE. The enzyme activity was increased to 36.8 folds with the recovery of 16.3% after purification. The enzyme activity was detected between pH 6.0-10 and at 35-55 °C with pH 6.0 and 45 °C facilitating the maximum activity. Depolymerase was inactivated by Tween-20, Tween-80, SDS and PMSF, but insensitive to metal ions (Mg2+, Ca2+, K+, Na2+, Fe3+) and organic solvents (methanol, ethanol, and acetone). The apparent Km values of the purified P(3HB) depolymerase enzyme for P(3HB) and P(3HB-co-14%3HV) were 0.7 mg/ml and 0.8 mg/ml, respectively. The Vmax values of the purified enzyme were 10 mg/min and 8.89 mg/min for P(3HB) and P(3HB-co-14%3HV), respectively. The current study discovered a new extracellular poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) [P(3HB)] depolymerase enzyme from Burkholderia cepacia DP1 isolated and purified to homogeneity from the culture supernatant. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report demonstrating the purification and biochemical characterization of P(3HB) depolymerase enzyme from genus Burkholderia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - A A Amirul
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia; Centre for Chemical Biology, Penang, Malaysia; Malaysian Institute of Pharmaceuticals and Nutraceuticals, NIBM, Malaysia.
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33
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Bátori V, Åkesson D, Zamani A, Taherzadeh MJ, Sárvári Horváth I. Anaerobic degradation of bioplastics: A review. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2018; 80:406-413. [PMID: 30455023 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2018.09.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic digestion (AD) of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW), leading to renewable energy production in the form of methane, is a preferable method for dealing with the increasing amount of waste. Food waste is separated at the source in many countries for anaerobic digestion. However, the presence of plastic bags is a major challenge for such processes. This study investigated the anaerobic degradability of different bioplastics, aiming at potential use as collecting bags for the OFMSW. The chemical composition of the bioplastics and the microbial community structure in the AD process affected the biodegradation of the bioplastics. Some biopolymers can be degraded at hydraulic retention times usually applied at the biogas plants, such as poly(hydroxyalkanoate)s, starch, cellulose and pectin, so no possible contamination would occur. In the future, updated standardization of collecting bags for the OFMSW will be required to meet the requirements of effective operation of a biogas plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Bátori
- Swedish Centre for Resource Recovery, University of Borås, 50190 Borås, Sweden.
| | - Dan Åkesson
- Swedish Centre for Resource Recovery, University of Borås, 50190 Borås, Sweden
| | - Akram Zamani
- Swedish Centre for Resource Recovery, University of Borås, 50190 Borås, Sweden
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34
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Immobilized cutinases: Preparation, solvent tolerance and thermal stability. Enzyme Microb Technol 2018; 116:33-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2018.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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35
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Su A, Tyrikos-Ergas T, Shirke AN, Zou Y, Dooley AL, Pavlidis IV, Gross RA. Revealing Cutinases’ Capabilities as Enantioselective Catalysts. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b02099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- An Su
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - Theodore Tyrikos-Ergas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, Voutes University Campus, 70013 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Abhijit N. Shirke
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - Yi Zou
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - Abigail L. Dooley
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - Ioannis V. Pavlidis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, Voutes University Campus, 70013 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Richard A. Gross
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
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Suzuki M, Tachibana Y, Oba K, Takizawa R, Kasuya KI. Microbial degradation of poly(ε-caprolactone) in a coastal environment. Polym Degrad Stab 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2018.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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37
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De Hoe GX, Zumstein MT, Tiegs BJ, Brutman JP, McNeill K, Sander M, Coates GW, Hillmyer MA. Sustainable Polyester Elastomers from Lactones: Synthesis, Properties, and Enzymatic Hydrolyzability. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:963-973. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b10173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guilhem X. De Hoe
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
| | - Michael T. Zumstein
- Department
of Environmental Systems Science, Institute of Biogeochemistry and
Pollutant Dynamics, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Brandon J. Tiegs
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-1301, United States
| | - Jacob P. Brutman
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
| | - Kristopher McNeill
- Department
of Environmental Systems Science, Institute of Biogeochemistry and
Pollutant Dynamics, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Sander
- Department
of Environmental Systems Science, Institute of Biogeochemistry and
Pollutant Dynamics, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Geoffrey W. Coates
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-1301, United States
| | - Marc A. Hillmyer
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
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38
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Laycock B, Nikolić M, Colwell JM, Gauthier E, Halley P, Bottle S, George G. Lifetime prediction of biodegradable polymers. Prog Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2017.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 301] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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39
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Baba T, Tachibana Y, Suda S, Kasuya KI. Evaluation of environmental degradability based on the number of methylene units in poly(butylene n-alkylenedionate). Polym Degrad Stab 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2017.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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40
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Pathak VM, Navneet. Review on the current status of polymer degradation: a microbial approach. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2017. [DOI: 10.1186/s40643-017-0145-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 308] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
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41
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Hu X, Gao Z, Wang Z, Su T, Yang L, Li P. Enzymatic degradation of poly(butylene succinate) by cutinase cloned from Fusarium solani. Polym Degrad Stab 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2016.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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42
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de Abreu LCL, Todaro V, Sathler PC, da Silva LCRP, do Carmo FA, Costa CM, Toma HK, Castro HC, Rodrigues CR, de Sousa VP, Cabral LM. Development and Characterization of Nisin Nanoparticles as Potential Alternative for the Recurrent Vaginal Candidiasis Treatment. AAPS PharmSciTech 2016; 17:1421-1427. [PMID: 26810491 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-016-0477-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work was the development and characterization of nisin-loaded nanoparticles and the evaluation of its potential antifungal activity. Candidiasis is a fungal infection caused by Candida sp. considered as one of the major public health problem currently. The discovery of antifungal agents that present a reduced or null resistance of Candida sp. and the development of more efficient drug release mechanisms are necessary for the improvement of candidiasis treatment. Nisin, a bacteriocin commercially available for more than 50 years, exhibits antibacterial action in food products with potential antifungal activity. Among several alternatives used to modulate antifungal activity of bacteriocins, polymeric nanoparticles have received great attention due to an effective drug release control and reduction of therapeutic dose, besides the minimization of adverse effects by the preferential accumulation in specific tissues. The nisin nanoparticles were prepared by double emulsification and solvent evaporation methods. Nanoparticles were characterized by dynamic light scattering, zeta potential, Fourier transform infrared, X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, and scanning electron microscopy. Antifungal activity was accessed by pour plate method and cell counting using Candida albicans strains. The in vitro release profile and in vitro permeation studies were performed using dialysis bag method and pig vaginal mucosa in Franz diffusion cell, respectively. The results revealed nisin nanoparticles (300 nm) with spherical shape and high loading efficiency (93.88 ± 3.26%). In vitro test results suggest a promising application of these nanosystems as a prophylactic agent in recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis and other gynecological diseases.
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Optimization of medium parameters by response surface methodology (RSM) for enhanced production of cutinase from Aspergillus sp. RL2Ct. 3 Biotech 2016; 6:149. [PMID: 28330221 PMCID: PMC4927439 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-016-0460-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutinases are hydrolytic enzymes which catalyzes esterification and trans-esterification reactions that make them highly potential industrial biocatalyst. In the present investigation microorganisms showing cutinase activity were isolated from plant samples. The strain showing maximum cutinase activity was identified by 18S rDNA sequencing as Aspergillus sp. RL2Ct and was selected for further studies. To achieve maximum enzyme production, the medium components affecting cutinase production were screened by Plackett-Burman followed by central composite design. The results obtained suggested that cutin, temperature and CaCl2 have influenced the cutinase production significantly with very high confidence levels. Cutinase production was maximum (663 U/mg protein) when using cutin prepared from orange peel as sole source of carbon. An overall 4.33-fold increase in the production of cutinase was observed after optimization of culture conditions (including 2.5-fold increase using RSM) during 24 h of incubation. The production time of Aspergillus sp. RL2Ct cutinase is significantly lower than the most of the earlier reported cutinase-producing fungus.
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Khan I, Ray Dutta J, Ganesan R. Lactobacillus sps. lipase mediated poly (ε-caprolactone) degradation. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 95:126-131. [PMID: 27865950 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.11.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Polymer degradation through lipase appears to be an enthralling alternative to bulk chemical routes. Poly (ε-caprolactone) (PCL) is an artificial polyester that can be degraded by microbes and enzymes like lipases and esterases. The environmental degradation of PCL is dependent on the activity of bacteria that characterization techniques such as thermogravimetric analysis, differential thermal are widely present in the ecosystem. In this study, three different lipases derived from Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus plantarum and their co-culture have been utilized to explore their efficiency towards PCL enzymatic degradation. The effect of parameters such as enzyme loading and degradation time has been explored to understand the efficiency of the enzymes used in this study. Various analysis, scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy have been employed to study the enzymatic degradation and its possible mechanistic insight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Khan
- Department of Biological Sciences, BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Shameerpet Mandal, Hyderabad 500078, Telangana, India
| | - Jayati Ray Dutta
- Department of Biological Sciences, BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Shameerpet Mandal, Hyderabad 500078, Telangana, India.
| | - Ramakrishnan Ganesan
- Department of Chemistry, BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Shameerpet Mandal, Hyderabad 500078, Telangana, India.
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45
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Kao MS, Wang Y, Marito S, Huang S, Lin WZ, Gangoiti JA, Barshop BA, Hyun C, Lee WR, Sanford JA, Gallo RL, Ran Y, Chen WT, Huang CJ, Hsieh MF, Huang CM. The mPEG-PCL Copolymer for Selective Fermentation of Staphylococcus lugdunensis Against Candida parapsilosis in the Human Microbiome. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 8:259-265. [PMID: 28111598 PMCID: PMC5243119 DOI: 10.4172/1948-5948.1000295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Many human skin diseases, such as seborrheic dermatitis, potentially occur due to the over-growth of fungi. It remains a challenge to develop fungicides with a lower risk of generating resistant fungi and non-specifically killing commensal microbes. Our probiotic approaches using a selective fermentation initiator of skin commensal bacteria, fermentation metabolites or their derivatives provide novel therapeutics to rein in the over-growth of fungi. Staphylococcus lugdunensis (S. lugdunensis) bacteria and Candida parapsilosis (C. parapsilosis) fungi coexist in the scalp microbiome. S. lugdunensis interfered with the growth of C. parapsilosis via fermentation. A methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(ε-caprolactone) (mPEG-PCL) copolymer functioned as a selective fermentation initiator of S. lugdunensis, selectively triggering the S. lugdunensis fermentation to produce acetic and isovaleric acids. The acetic acid and its pro-drug diethyleneglycol diacetate (Ac-DEG-Ac) effectively suppressed the growth of C. parapsilosis in vitro and impeded the fungal expansion in the human dandruff. We demonstrate for the first time that S. lugdunensis is a skin probiotic bacterium that can exploit mPEG-PCL to yield fungicidal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). The concept of bacterial fermentation as a part of skin immunity to re-balance the dysbiotic microbiome warrants a novel avenue for studying the probiotic function of the skin microbiome in promoting health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Shan Kao
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yanhan Wang
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Shinta Marito
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | | | - Wan-Zhen Lin
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jon A Gangoiti
- Department of Pediatrics University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Bruce A Barshop
- Department of Pediatrics University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Choi Hyun
- Department of Pediatrics University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Woan-Ruah Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - James A Sanford
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Richard L Gallo
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Yuping Ran
- Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wan-Tzu Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Jen Huang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Fa Hsieh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Ming Huang
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA; Moores Cancer Center; University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
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Azabou S, Abid Y, Sebii H, Felfoul I, Gargouri A, Attia H. Potential of the solid-state fermentation of tomato by products by Fusarium solani pisi for enzymatic extraction of lycopene. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2015.11.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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47
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Fich EA, Segerson NA, Rose JKC. The Plant Polyester Cutin: Biosynthesis, Structure, and Biological Roles. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2016; 67:207-33. [PMID: 26865339 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-043015-111929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Cutin, a polyester composed mostly of oxygenated fatty acids, serves as the framework of the plant cuticle. The same types of cutin monomers occur across most plant lineages, although some evolutionary trends are evident. Additionally, cutins from some species have monomer profiles that are characteristic of the related polymer suberin. Compositional differences likely have profound structural consequences, but little is known about cutin's molecular organization and architectural heterogeneity. Its biological importance is suggested by the wide variety of associated mutants and gene-silencing lines that show a disruption of cuticular integrity, giving rise to numerous physiological and developmental abnormalities. Mapping and characterization of these mutants, along with suppression of gene paralogs through RNA interference, have revealed much of the biosynthetic pathway and several regulatory factors; however, the mechanisms of cutin polymerization and its interactions with other cuticle and cell wall components are only now beginning to be resolved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric A Fich
- Section of Plant Biology, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853; , ,
| | - Nicholas A Segerson
- Section of Plant Biology, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853; , ,
| | - Jocelyn K C Rose
- Section of Plant Biology, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853; , ,
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48
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Coleman JJ. The Fusarium solani species complex: ubiquitous pathogens of agricultural importance. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2016; 17:146-58. [PMID: 26531837 PMCID: PMC6638333 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Members of the Fusarium solani species complex (FSSC) are capable of causing disease in many agriculturally important crops. The genomes of some of these fungi include supernumerary chromosomes that are dispensable and encode host-specific virulence factors. In addition to genomics, this review summarizes the known molecular mechanisms utilized by members of the FSSC in establishing disease. TAXONOMY Kingdom Fungi; Phylum Ascomycota; Class Sordariomycetes; Order Hypocreales; Family Nectriaceae; Genus Fusarium. HOST RANGE Members of the FSSC collectively have a very broad host range, and have been subdivided previously into formae speciales. Recent phylogenetic analysis has revealed that formae speciales correspond to biologically and phylogenetically distinct species. DISEASE SYMPTOMS Typically, FSSC causes foot and/or root rot of the infected host plant, and the degree of necrosis correlates with the severity of the disease. Symptoms on above-ground portions of the plant can vary greatly depending on the specific FSSC pathogen and host plant, and the disease may manifest as wilting, stunting and chlorosis or lesions on the stem and/or leaves. CONTROL Implementation of agricultural management practices, such as crop rotation and timing of planting, can reduce the risk of crop loss caused by FSSC. If available, the use of resistant varieties is another means to control disease in the field. USEFUL WEBSITES http://genome.jgi-psf.org/Necha2/Necha2.home.html.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey J Coleman
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
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49
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Roles of Triolein and Lipolytic Protein in the Pathogenesis and Survival of Mycobacterium tuberculosis: a Novel Therapeutic Approach. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2015; 178:1377-89. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-015-1953-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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50
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Gowda U S V, Shivakumar S. Poly(-β-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) depolymerase PHAZ Pen from Penicillium expansum: purification, characterization and kinetic studies. 3 Biotech 2015; 5:901-909. [PMID: 28324398 PMCID: PMC4624153 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-015-0287-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 02/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Very few studies have been dedicated to R-hydroxyacids (R-HA) production using extracellular polyhydroxyalkanoate depolymerases (ePhaZs).
Penicillium expansum produced maximum extracellular polyhydroxybutyrate depolymerase (~6 U/mL) by 72 h when grown in mineral salt medium containing 0.2 % w/v PHB, pH 5.0, at 30 °C and 200 rpm shaking conditions. Partial purification of the extracellular poly(-β-hydroxybutyrate) depolymerase PHAZPen from P. expansum by two steps using ammonium sulphate (80 % saturation) and affinity chromatography using concanavalin A yielded 22.76-fold purity and 43.15 % recovery of protein. The enzyme composed of a single polypeptide chain of apparent molecular mass of 20 kDa, as determined by SDS-PAGE, stained positive for glycoprotein by periodic–schiff base (PAS) staining. Optimum enzyme activity was detected between pH 4.0 and 6.0 at 45–50 °C with pH 5.0 and 50 °C supporting maximum activity. The enzyme was stable between pH 4.0 and 6.0 at 55 °C for 1 h with a residual activity of almost 70–80 %. The enzyme was completely inhibited by 1 mM DTT/1 mM HgCl2 and N-ethylmaleimide (10 mM) indicating the importance of essential disulphide bonds (cystine residues) and tyrosine for enzyme activity or probably for maintaining the native enzyme structure. Among the various divalent and trivalent metal ions, mercuric chloride, ferric citrate and ferrous sulphate inhibited enzyme activity. The enzyme showed substrate specificity towards only PHB and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) and no other lipid or other p-nitrophenyl fatty acids or with polycaprolactone, showing that it was a true depolymerase and not any lipase or cutinase. Preliminary investigation revealed β-hydroxybutyrate as the end product of PHB hydrolysis by P. expansum, suggesting that the enzyme acted principally as an exo-type hydrolase. The above properties when compared with other fungal PHB depolymerases reported till date suggest the distinct nature of the PHB depolymerase of P. expansum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaishnavi Gowda U S
- Department of Microbiology, Centre for Post Graduate Studies, Jain University, 18/3, 9th Main, Jayanagar 3rd Block, Bangalore, 560011, India
| | - Srividya Shivakumar
- Department of Microbiology, Centre for Post Graduate Studies, Jain University, 18/3, 9th Main, Jayanagar 3rd Block, Bangalore, 560011, India.
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