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Suman J, Sredlova K, Fraraccio S, Jerabkova M, Strejcek M, Kabickova H, Cajthaml T, Uhlik O. Transformation of hydroxylated polychlorinated biphenyls by bacterial 2-hydroxybiphenyl 3-monooxygenase. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 349:140909. [PMID: 38070605 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Monohydroxylated PCBs (OH-PCBs) are an (eco)toxicologically significant group of compounds, as they arise from the oxidation of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and, at the same time, may exert even more severe toxic effects than their parent PCB molecules. Despite having been widely detected in environmental samples, plants, and animals, information on the fate of OH-PCBs in the environment is scarce, including on the enzymatic machinery behind their degradation. To date, only a few bacterial taxa capable of OH-PCB transformation have been reported. In this study, we aimed to obtain a deeper insight into the transformation of OH-PCBs in soil bacteria and isolated a Pseudomonas sp. strain P1B16 based on its ability to use o-phenylphenol (2-PP) which, when exposed to the Delor 103-derived OH-PCB mixture, depleted a wide spectrum of mono-, di, and trichlorinated OH-PCBs. In the P1B16 genome, a region designated as hbp was identified, which bears a set of putative genes involved in the transformation of OH-PCBs, namely hbpA encoding for a putative flavin-dependent 2-hydroxybiphenyl monooxygenase, hbpC (2,3-dihydroxybiphenyl-1,2-dioxygenase), hbpD (2-hydroxy-6-oxo-6-phenylhexa-2,4-dienoate hydrolase), and the transcriptional activator-encoding gene hbpR. The hbpA coding sequence was heterologously expressed, purified, and its substrate specificity was investigated towards the Delor 103-derived OH-PCB mixture, individual OH-PCBs, and multiple (chlorinated) phenolics. Apart from 2-PP and 2-chlorophenol, HbpA was also demonstrated to transform a range of OH-PCBs, including a 3-hydroxy-2,2',4',5,5'-pentachlorobiphenyl. Importantly, this is the first direct evidence of HbpA homologs being involved in the degradation of OH-PCBs. Moreover, using a P1B16-based biosensor strain, the specific induction of hbp genes by 2-PP, 3-phenylphenol, 4-phenylphenol, and the OH-PCB mixture was demonstrated. This study provides direct evidence on the specific enzymatic machinery responsible for the transformation of OH-PCBs in bacteria, with many implications in ecotoxicology, environmental restoration, and microbial ecology in habitats burdened with PCB contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jachym Suman
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technicka 3, 162 08, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Kamila Sredlova
- Institute for Environmental Studies, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Benatska 2, 128 01, Prague 2, Czech Republic; Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 00, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Serena Fraraccio
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technicka 3, 162 08, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Jerabkova
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technicka 3, 162 08, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Strejcek
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technicka 3, 162 08, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Kabickova
- Military Health Institute, Ministry of Defence of the Czech Republic, U Vojenske Nemocnice 1200, 169 02, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Cajthaml
- Institute for Environmental Studies, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Benatska 2, 128 01, Prague 2, Czech Republic; Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 00, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Uhlik
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technicka 3, 162 08, Prague, Czech Republic.
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Xu T, Liu T, Jiang D, Yuan Z, Jia X. Attainment and characterization of a microbial consortium that efficiently degrades biphenyl and related substances. Biochem Eng J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2021.108073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Liu J, Tan Y, Song E, Song Y. A Critical Review of Polychlorinated Biphenyls Metabolism, Metabolites, and Their Correlation with Oxidative Stress. Chem Res Toxicol 2020; 33:2022-2042. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.0c00078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang 550025, People’s Republic of China
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ya Tan
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People’s Republic of China
| | - Erqun Song
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Song
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People’s Republic of China
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Boyd DR, Sharma ND, McIntyre PBA, Stevenson PJ, McRoberts WC, Gohil A, Hoering P, Allen CCR. Enzyme-Catalysed Synthesis of Cyclohex-2-en-1-onecis-Diols from Substituted Phenols, Anilines and Derived 4-Hydroxycyclohex-2-en-1-ones. Adv Synth Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201700711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Derek R. Boyd
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Queen's University of Belfast; Belfast BT9 5AG U.K
| | - Narain D. Sharma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Queen's University of Belfast; Belfast BT9 5AG U.K
| | - Peter B. A. McIntyre
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Queen's University of Belfast; Belfast BT9 5AG U.K
| | - Paul J. Stevenson
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Queen's University of Belfast; Belfast BT9 5AG U.K
| | - W. Colin McRoberts
- Agri-food and Biosciences Institute for Northern Ireland; Belfast BT9 5PX U.K
| | - Amit Gohil
- School of Biological Sciences; Queen's University of Belfast; Belfast BT9 7BL U.K
| | - Patrick Hoering
- School of Biological Sciences; Queen's University of Belfast; Belfast BT9 7BL U.K
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Höring P, Rothschild-Mancinelli K, Sharma ND, Boyd DR, Allen CC. Oxidative biotransformations of phenol substrates catalysed by toluene dioxygenase: A molecular docking study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2016.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Musilova L, Ridl J, Polivkova M, Macek T, Uhlik O. Effects of Secondary Plant Metabolites on Microbial Populations: Changes in Community Structure and Metabolic Activity in Contaminated Environments. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:E1205. [PMID: 27483244 PMCID: PMC5000603 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17081205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Secondary plant metabolites (SPMEs) play an important role in plant survival in the environment and serve to establish ecological relationships between plants and other organisms. Communication between plants and microorganisms via SPMEs contained in root exudates or derived from litter decomposition is an example of this phenomenon. In this review, the general aspects of rhizodeposition together with the significance of terpenes and phenolic compounds are discussed in detail. We focus specifically on the effect of SPMEs on microbial community structure and metabolic activity in environments contaminated by polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Furthermore, a section is devoted to a complex effect of plants and/or their metabolites contained in litter on bioremediation of contaminated sites. New insights are introduced from a study evaluating the effects of SPMEs derived during decomposition of grapefruit peel, lemon peel, and pears on bacterial communities and their ability to degrade PCBs in a long-term contaminated soil. The presented review supports the "secondary compound hypothesis" and demonstrates the potential of SPMEs for increasing the effectiveness of bioremediation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Musilova
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technicka 3, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Jakub Ridl
- Department of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Marketa Polivkova
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technicka 3, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Tomas Macek
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technicka 3, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Ondrej Uhlik
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technicka 3, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic.
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Boyd DR, Sharma ND, Berberian MV, Cleij M, Hardacre C, Ljubez V, McConville G, Stevenson PJ, Kulakov LA, Allen CCR. Arenecis-Diol Dehydrogenase-Catalysed Regio- and Stereoselective Oxidation of Arene-, Cycloalkane- and Cycloalkene-cis-diols to Yield Catechols and Chiral α-Ketols. Adv Synth Catal 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201500189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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8
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Metabolism of Doubly para-Substituted Hydroxychlorobiphenyls by Bacterial Biphenyl Dioxygenases. Appl Environ Microbiol 2015; 81:4860-72. [PMID: 25956777 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00786-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, we examined the profile of metabolites produced from the doubly para-substituted biphenyl analogs 4,4'-dihydroxybiphenyl, 4-hydroxy-4'-chlorobiphenyl, 3-hydroxy-4,4'-dichlorobiphenyl, and 3,3'-dihydroxy-4,4'-chlorobiphenyl by biphenyl-induced Pandoraea pnomenusa B356 and by its biphenyl dioxygenase (BPDO). 4-Hydroxy-4'-chlorobiphenyl was hydroxylated principally through a 2,3-dioxygenation of the hydroxylated ring to generate 2,3-dihydro-2,3,4-trihydroxy-4'-chlorobiphenyl and 3,4-dihydroxy-4'-chlorobiphenyl after the removal of water. The former was further oxidized by the biphenyl dioxygenase to produce ultimately 3,4,5-trihydroxy-4'-chlorobiphenyl, a dead-end metabolite. 3-Hydroxy-4,4'-dichlorobiphenyl was oxygenated on both rings. Hydroxylation of the nonhydroxylated ring generated 2,3,3'-trihydroxy-4'-chlorobiphenyl with concomitant dechlorination, and 2,3,3'-trihydroxy-4'-chlorobiphenyl was ultimately metabolized to 2-hydroxy-4-chlorobenzoate, but hydroxylation of the hydroxylated ring generated dead-end metabolites. 3,3'-Dihydroxy-4,4'-dichlorobiphenyl was principally metabolized through a 2,3-dioxygenation to generate 2,3-dihydro-2,3,3'-trihydroxy-4,4'-dichlorobiphenyl, which was ultimately converted to 3-hydroxy-4-chlorobenzoate. Similar metabolites were produced when the biphenyl dioxygenase of Burkholderia xenovorans LB400 was used to catalyze the reactions, except that for the three substrates used, the BPDO of LB400 was less efficient than that of B356, and unlike that of B356, it was unable to further oxidize the initial reaction products. Together the data show that BPDO oxidation of doubly para-substituted hydroxychlorobiphenyls may generate nonnegligible amounts of dead-end metabolites. Therefore, biphenyl dioxygenase could produce metabolites other than those expected, corresponding to dihydrodihydroxy metabolites from initial doubly para-substituted substrates. This finding shows that a clear picture of the fate of polychlorinated biphenyls in contaminated sites will require more insights into the bacterial metabolism of hydroxychlorobiphenyls and the chemistry of the dihydrodihydroxylated metabolites derived from them.
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Boyd DR, Sharma ND, Malone JF, McIntyre PBA, McRoberts C, Floyd S, Allen CCR, Gohil A, Coles SJ, Horton PN, Stevenson PJ. Toluene dioxygenase-catalyzed synthesis and reactions of cis-diol metabolites derived from 2- and 3-methoxyphenols. J Org Chem 2015; 80:3429-39. [PMID: 25756661 DOI: 10.1021/jo5028968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Using toluene dioxygenase as biocatalyst, enantiopure cis-dihydrodiol and cis-tetrahydrodiol metabolites, isolated as their ketone tautomers, were obtained from meta and ortho methoxyphenols. Although these isomeric phenol substrates are structurally similar, the major bioproducts from each of these biotransformations were found at different oxidation levels. The relatively stable cyclohexenone cis-diol metabolite from meta methoxyphenol was isolated, while the corresponding metabolite from ortho methoxyphenol was rapidly bioreduced to a cyclohexanone cis-diol. The chemistry of the 3-methoxycyclohexenone cis-diol product was investigated and elimination, aromatization, hydrogenation, regioselective O-exchange, Stork-Danheiser transposition and O-methylation reactions were observed. An offshoot of this technology provided a two-step chemoenzymatic synthesis, from meta methoxyphenol, of a recently reported chiral fungal metabolite; this synthesis also established the previously unassigned absolute configuration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek R Boyd
- †School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast BT9 5AG, U.K
| | - Narain D Sharma
- †School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast BT9 5AG, U.K
| | - John F Malone
- †School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast BT9 5AG, U.K
| | - Peter B A McIntyre
- †School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast BT9 5AG, U.K
| | - Colin McRoberts
- §Agri-food and Biosciences Institute for Northern Ireland, Belfast, BT9 5PX, U.K
| | - Stewart Floyd
- §Agri-food and Biosciences Institute for Northern Ireland, Belfast, BT9 5PX, U.K
| | - Christopher C R Allen
- ‡School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, BT9 5AG, U.K
| | - Amit Gohil
- ‡School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, BT9 5AG, U.K
| | - Simon J Coles
- ∥National Crystallography Service, School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, U.K
| | - Peter N Horton
- ∥National Crystallography Service, School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, U.K
| | - Paul J Stevenson
- †School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast BT9 5AG, U.K
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Tehrani R, Lyv MM, Van Aken B. Transformation of hydroxylated derivatives of 2,5-dichlorobiphenyl and 2,4,6-trichlorobiphenyl by Burkholderia xenovorans LB400. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 21:6346-53. [PMID: 23589238 PMCID: PMC3884070 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-013-1629-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2013] [Accepted: 03/11/2013] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB)-degrading bacterium, Burkholderia xenovorans LB400, was capable of transforming three hydroxylated derivatives of 2,5-dichlorobiphenyl (2,5-DCB) (2'-hydroxy- (2'-OH-), 3'-OH-, and 4'-OH-2,5-DCB) when biphenyl was used as the carbon source (i.e., biphenyl pathway-inducing condition), although only 2'-OH-2,5-DCB was transformed when the bacterium was growing on succinate (i.e., condition non-inductive of the biphenyl pathway). On the contrary, hydroyxlated derivatives of 2,4,6-trichlorobiphenyl (2,4,6-TCB) (2'-OH-, 3'-OH-, and 4'-OH-2,4,6-TCB) were not significantly transformed by B. xenovorans LB400, regardless of the carbon source used. Gene expression analyses showed a clear correlation between the transformation of OH-2,5-DCBs and expression of genes of the biphenyl pathway. The PCB metabolite, 2,5-dichlorobenzoic acid (2,5-DCBA), was produced following the transformation of OH-2,5-DCBs. 2,5-DCBA was not further transformed by B. xenovorans LB400. The present study is significant because it provides evidence that PCB-degrading bacteria are capable of transforming hydroxylated derivatives of PCBs, which are increasingly considered as a new class of environmental contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Benoit Van Aken
- Corresponding author phone: 215-204-7087; fax: 215-204-4696;
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Tehrani R, Van Aken B. Hydroxylated polychlorinated biphenyls in the environment: sources, fate, and toxicities. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 21:6334-45. [PMID: 23636595 PMCID: PMC3812322 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-013-1742-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxylated polychlorinated biphenyls (OH-PCBs) are produced in the environment by the oxidation of PCBs through a variety of mechanisms, including metabolic transformation in living organisms and abiotic reactions with hydroxyl radicals. As a consequence, OH-PCBs have been detected in a wide range of environmental samples, including animal tissues, water, and sediments. OH-PCBs have recently raised serious environmental concerns because they exert a variety of toxic effects at lower doses than the parent PCBs and they are disruptors of the endocrine system. Although evidence about the widespread dispersion of OH-PCBs in various compartments of the ecosystem has accumulated, little is currently known about their biodegradation and behavior in the environment. OH-PCBs are, today, increasingly considered as a new class of environmental contaminants that possess specific chemical, physical, and biological properties not shared with the parent PCBs. This article reviews recent findings regarding the sources, fate, and toxicities of OH-PCBs in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Benoit Van Aken
- Corresponding author phone: 215-204-7087; fax: 215-204-4696;
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Tehrani R, Lyv MM, Kaveh R, Schnoor JL, Van Aken B. Biodegradation of mono-hydroxylated PCBs by Burkholderia xenovorans. Biotechnol Lett 2012; 34:2247-52. [PMID: 22918793 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-012-1037-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2012] [Accepted: 08/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Three hydroxylated derivatives of PCBs, 2'-hydroxy-4-chlorobiphenyl (2'-OH-4-CB), 3'-hydroxy-4-chlorobiphenyl (3'-OH-4-CB), and 4'-hydroxy-4-chlorobiphenyl (4'-OH-4-CB), were transformed by the PCB degrader, Burkholderia xenovorans. When the bacterium was growing on biphenyl (biphenyl pathway-inducing conditions), all three hydroxylated isomers were transformed. However, only 2'-OH-4-CB was transformed by the bacterium growing on succinate (conditions non-inductive of the biphenyl pathway). Gene expression analyses showed a strong induction of key genes of the biphenyl pathway (bph) when cells were grown on biphenyl, which is consistent with the transformation of the three isomers by biphenyl-grown cells. When cells were grown on succinate, only exposure to 2'-OH-4-CB resulted in expression of biphenyl pathway genes, which suggests that this isomer was capable of inducing the biphenyl pathway. These results provide the first evidence that bacteria are able to metabolize PCB derivatives hydroxylated on the non-chlorinated ring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rouzbeh Tehrani
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA.
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Boyd DR, Sharma ND, Malone JF, McIntyre PBA, Stevenson PJ, Allen CCR, Kwit M, Gawronski J. Structure, stereochemistry and synthesis of enantiopure cyclohexenone cis-diol bacterial metabolites derived from phenols. Org Biomol Chem 2012; 10:6217-29. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ob25079a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Novakova M, Mackova M, Antosova Z, Viktorova J, Szekeres M, Demnerova K, Macek T. Cloning the bacterial bphC gene into Nicotiana tabacum to improve the efficiency of phytoremediation of polychlorinated biphenyls. Bioeng Bugs 2010; 1:419-23. [PMID: 21468210 PMCID: PMC3056093 DOI: 10.4161/bbug.1.6.12723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2010] [Revised: 06/04/2010] [Accepted: 06/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work was to construct transgenic plants with increased capabilities to degrade organic pollutants, such as polychlorinated biphenyls. The environmentally important gene of bacterial dioxygenase, the bphC gene, was chosen to clone into a plant of Nicotiana tabacum. The chosen bphC gene encodes 2,3-dihydroxybiphenyl-1,2-dioxygenase, which cleaves the aromatic ring of dihydroxybiphenyl, and we cloned it in fusion with the gene for β-glucuronidase (GUS), luciferase (LUC) or with a histidine tail. Several genetic constructs were designed and prepared and the possible expression of desired proteins in tobacco plants was studied by transient expression. We used genetic constructs successfully expressing dioxygenase's genes we used for preparation of transgenic tobacco plants by agrobacterial infection. The presence of transgenic DNA , mRNA and protein was determined in parental and the first filial generation of transgenic plants with the bphC gene. Properties of prepared transgenic plants will be further studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Novakova
- ICT Prague; Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology; Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology; Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry; CAS; Joint Laboratory of IOCB and ICT Prague; Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Mackova
- ICT Prague; Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology; Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology; Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry; CAS; Joint Laboratory of IOCB and ICT Prague; Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Antosova
- ICT Prague; Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology; Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology; Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jitka Viktorova
- ICT Prague; Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology; Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology; Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Miklos Szekeres
- Institute of Plant Biology; Biological Research Center of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences; Szeged, Hungary
| | - Katerina Demnerova
- ICT Prague; Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology; Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology; Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Macek
- ICT Prague; Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology; Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology; Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry; CAS; Joint Laboratory of IOCB and ICT Prague; Prague, Czech Republic
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Liu L, Jiang CY, Liu XY, Wu JF, Han JG, Liu SJ. Plant-microbe association for rhizoremediation of chloronitroaromatic pollutants with Comamonas sp. strain CNB-1. Environ Microbiol 2007; 9:465-73. [PMID: 17222144 DOI: 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2006.01163.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Comamonas sp. strain CNB-1, isolated from activated sludge and having a strong ability to degrade 4-chloronitrobenzene (4CNB), was applied for rhizoremediation of 4CNB-polluted soil through association with alfalfa. Confocal laser scanning microscopy revealed that strain CNB-1 successfully colonized alfalfa roots. Determination of strain CNB-1 populations by cultivation method and by quantitative competitive PCR technique targeting the chloronitrobenzene nitroreductase gene showed that the population of strain CNB-1 in the rhizosphere was about 10-100 times higher than that in the bulk soil. Gnotobiotic and outdoor experiments showed that pollutant 4CNB was completely removed within 1 or 2 days after 4CNB application into soil, and that its phytotoxicity to alfalfa was eliminated by inoculation of strain CNB-1. Results from PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and analysis of 16S rRNA gene libraries revealed that the indigenous soil microbial community mainly consisted of alphaproteobacteria, betaproteobacteria, gammaproteobacteria, the CFB bacteria (Cytophaga-Flavabacterium-Bacteriodes), and Acidobacteria. This microbial community was not significantly influenced by inoculation of strain CNB-1. Thus, this study has developed a Comamonas-alfalfa system for rhizoremediation of 4CNB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resource, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
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Adebusoye SA, Picardal FW, Ilori MO, Amund OO, Fuqua C, Grindle N. Growth on dichlorobiphenyls with chlorine substitution on each ring by bacteria isolated from contaminated African soils. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2007; 74:484-92. [PMID: 17047953 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-006-0651-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2006] [Revised: 08/28/2006] [Accepted: 09/04/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Until recently, it was generally believed that the presence of more than one chlorine substituent prevented chlorinated biphenyls from serving as a sole source of carbon and energy for aerobic bacteria. In this study, we report the isolation of three aerobic strains, identified as Enterobacter sp. SA-2, Ralstonia sp. SA-4, and Pseudomonas sp. SA-6 from Nigerian polluted soils, that were able to grow on a wide range of dichlorobiphenyls (diCBs). In addition to growing on all monochlorobiphenyls (monoCBs), the strains were all able to utilize 2,2'-, 2,4'-, and 2,3-diCB as a sole source of carbon and energy. With the exception of strain SA-2, growth was also sustainable on 3,3'-, and 3,5-diCB. Washed benzoate-grown cells were typically able to degrade 68 to 100% of the diCB (100 ppm) within 188 h, concomitant with a cell number increase of up to three orders-of-magnitude and elimination of varying amounts of chloride. In many cases, stoichiometric production of a chlorobenzoate (CBA) as a product was observed. During growth on 2,2'-, and 2,4'-diCB, organisms exclusively attacked an o-chlorinated ring resulting in the production of 2-CBA and 4-CBA, respectively. A gradual decline in the concentration of the latter was observed, which suggested that the product was being degraded further. In the case of 2,3-diCB, the unsubstituted ring was preferentially metabolized. Initial diCB degradation rates were greatest for 2,4'-diCB (11.2 +/- 0.91 to 30.3 +/- 7.8 nmol/min per 10(9) cells) and lowest for 2,2'-diCB (0.37 +/- 0.12 to 2.7 +/- 1.2 nmol/min per 10(9) cells).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunday A Adebusoye
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
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Bathe S, Hausner M. Design and evaluation of 16S rRNA sequence based oligonucleotide probes for the detection and quantification of Comamonas testosteroni in mixed microbial communities. BMC Microbiol 2006; 6:54. [PMID: 16772028 PMCID: PMC1526739 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-6-54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2006] [Accepted: 06/13/2006] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The β-proteobacterial species Comamonas testosteroni is capable of biotransformation and also biodegradation of a range of chemical compounds and thus potentially useful in chemical manufacturing and bioremediation. The ability to detect and quantify members of this species in mixed microbial communities thus may be desirable. Results We have designed an oligonucleotide probe for use in fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) and two pairs of PCR primers targeting a C. testosteroni subgroup. The FISH probe and one of the PCR primer pairs are suitable for quantification of C. testosteroni in mixed microbial communities using FISH followed by quantitative image analysis or real-time quantitative PCR, respectively. This has been shown by analysis of samples from an enrichment of activated sludge on testosterone resulting in an increase in abundance and finally isolation of C. testosteroni. Additionally, we have successfully used quantitative PCR to follow the C. testosteroni abundance during a laboratory scale wastewater bioaugmentation experiment. Conclusion The oligonucleotides presented here provide a useful tool to study C. testosteroni population dynamics in mixed microbial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Bathe
- Institute of Water Quality Control and Waste Management, Technical University of Munich, Am Coulombwall, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Martina Hausner
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston IL 60208-3109, USA
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Mohammadi M, Sylvestre M. Resolving the Profile of Metabolites Generated during Oxidation of Dibenzofuran and Chlorodibenzofurans by the Biphenyl Catabolic Pathway Enzymes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 12:835-46. [PMID: 16039530 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2005.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2004] [Revised: 04/15/2005] [Accepted: 05/16/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Although the metabolism of dibenzofuran by the biphenyl catabolic enzymes had been inferred in previous reports, the metabolic pattern has never been determined unambiguously. In this work, we describe the evolved biphenyl dioxygenase (BPDO) RR41 that exhibits a higher turnover rate of metabolism toward dibenzofuran and chlorodibenzofurans than the parental Burkholderia xenovorans LB400 BPDO. We used RR41 BPDO to identify unambiguously the metabolites produced from the oxygenation of dibenzofuran by LB400 BPDO, and we evaluated their further metabolism by the biphenyl catabolic pathway enzymes of strain LB400. RR41 BPDO was obtained by saturation mutagenesis of targeted amino acid residues. I335F336N338I341L409 of LB400 BphA were replaced by A335M336Q338V341F409 in RR41 BphA. Data confirm the critical role played by these amino acid residues for substrate specificity and regiospecificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmood Mohammadi
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, 245 Boulvard Hymus, Pointe-Claire, Québec, H9R 1G6, Canada
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L'Abbée JB, Barriault D, Sylvestre M. Metabolism of dibenzofuran and dibenzo-p-dioxin by the biphenyl dioxygenase of Burkholderia xenovorans LB400 and Comamonas testosteroni B-356. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2005; 67:506-14. [PMID: 15700128 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-004-1791-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2004] [Revised: 09/23/2004] [Accepted: 10/04/2004] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
We examined the metabolism of dibenzofuran (DF) and dibenzo-p-dioxin (DD) by the biphenyl dioxygenase (BPDO) of Comamonas testosteroni B-356 and compared it with that of Burkholderia xenovorans LB400. Data showed that both enzymes oxygenated DF at a low rate, but Escherichia coli cells expressing LB400 BPDO degraded DF at higher rate (30 nmol in 18 h) compared with cells expressing B-356 BPDO (2 nmol in 18 h). Furthermore, both BPDOs produced dihydro-dihydroxy-dibenzofuran as a major metabolite, which resulted from the lateral oxygenation of DF. 2,2',3-Trihydroxybiphenyl (resulting from angular oxygenation of DF) was a minor metabolite produced by both enzymes. Deuterated DF was used to demonstrate the production of 2,2',3-dihydroxybiphenyl through angular oxygenation of DF. When tested for their ability to oxygenate DD, both enzymes produced as sole metabolite, 2,2',3-trihydroxybiphenyl ether at about the same rate, indicating similar catalytic properties toward this substrate. Altogether, although LB400 and B-356 BPDOs oxygenate a different range of chlorobiphenyls, their metabolite profiles toward DF and DD are similar. This suggests that co-planarity influences the regiospecificity of BPDO toward DF and DD to a higher extent than the presence of an ortho substituent on the molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- José-Bruno L'Abbée
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Québec, Canada
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Kimbara K. Recent Developments in the Study of Microbial Aerobic Degradation of Polychlorinated Biphenyls. Microbes Environ 2005. [DOI: 10.1264/jsme2.20.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Barriault D, Lépine F, Mohammadi M, Milot S, Leberre N, Sylvestre M. Revisiting the Regiospecificity of Burkholderia xenovorans LB400 Biphenyl Dioxygenase toward 2,2′-Dichlorobiphenyl and 2,3,2′,3′-Tetrachlorobiphenyl. J Biol Chem 2004; 279:47489-96. [PMID: 15342625 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m406808200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
2,2'-Dichlorobiphenyl (CB) is transformed by the biphenyl dioxygenase of Burkholderia xenovorans LB400 (LB400 BPDO) into two metabolites (1 and 2). The most abundant metabolite, 1, was previously identified as 2,3-dihydroxy-2'-chlorobiphenyl and was presumed to originate from the initial attack by the oxygenase on the chlorine-bearing ortho carbon and on its adjacent meta carbon of one phenyl ring. 2,3,2',3'-Tetrachlorobiphenyl is transformed by LB400 BPDO into two metabolites that had never been fully characterized structurally. We determined the precise identity of the metabolites produced by LB400 BPDO from 2,2'-CB and 2,3,2',3'-CB, thus providing new insights on the mechanism by which 2,2'-CB is dehalogenated to generate 2,3-dihydroxy-2'-chlorobiphenyl. We reacted 2,2'-CB with the BPDO variant p4, which produces a larger proportion of metabolite 2. The structure of this compound was determined as cis-3,4-dihydro-3,4-dihydroxy-2,2'-dichlorobiphenyl by NMR. Metabolite 1 obtained from 2,2'-CB-d(8) was determined to be a dihydroxychlorobiphenyl-d(7) by gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric analysis, and the observed loss of only one deuterium clearly shows that the oxygenase attack occurs on carbons 2 and 3. An alternative attack at the 5 and 6 carbons followed by a rearrangement leading to the loss of the ortho chlorine would have caused the loss of more than one deuterium. The major metabolite produced from catalytic oxygenation of 2,3,2',3'-CB by LB400 BPDO was identified by NMR as cis-4,5-dihydro-4,5-dihydroxy-2,3,2',3'-tetrachlorobiphenyl. These findings show that LB400 BPDO oxygenates 2,2'-CB principally on carbons 2 and 3 and that BPDO regiospecificity toward 2,2'-CB and 2,3,2,',3'-CB disfavors the dioxygenation of the chlorine-free ortho-meta carbons 5 and 6 for both congeners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane Barriault
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Laval, Québec H7V 1B7, Canada
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