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Doan HTT, Le XTK, Do RT, Nguyen KT, Le TH. Canine parvovirus type 2c in Vietnam continues to produce distinct descendants with new mutations restricted to Vietnamese variants. Arch Virol 2021; 166:1741-1749. [PMID: 33860842 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-021-05059-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Viral protein 2 (VP2) of canine parvovirus (CPV) exhibits a high degree of genetic and antigenic diversity. We analyzed 88 Vietnamese CPV-VP2 sequences (1755 bp), 34 from this study and 54 from previous studies, and discovered a new sublineage, "new var.", within the lineage CPV-2c-"new", characterized by the mutation 5G/447M, which is restricted to the Vietnamese isolates. These new mutants appear to have emerged in recent years, accounting for 65.5% of the total. With strong nodal support (98%), the distinct Vietnamese 2c-"new-var." sublineage (5G/426E/447M) was found to be separate from the 2c-"new" sublineage (5G/426E/447I) within the 2c-(Asia)/Asia-2c lineage. Amino acid changes in epitopes of VP2 might have led to the generation of subvariants and affected the antigenicity, immunogenicity, or virulence of the virus, resulting in vaccine failure worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huong Thi Thanh Doan
- Immunology Department, Institute of Biotechnology (IBT), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18. Hoang Quoc Viet Rd., Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam. .,Graduate University of Science and Technology (GUST), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18. Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam.
| | - Xuyen Thi Kim Le
- Immunology Department, Institute of Biotechnology (IBT), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18. Hoang Quoc Viet Rd., Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam.,Graduate University of Science and Technology (GUST), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18. Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Roan Thi Do
- Immunology Department, Institute of Biotechnology (IBT), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18. Hoang Quoc Viet Rd., Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam.,Graduate University of Science and Technology (GUST), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18. Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Khue Thi Nguyen
- Immunology Department, Institute of Biotechnology (IBT), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18. Hoang Quoc Viet Rd., Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam.,Graduate University of Science and Technology (GUST), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18. Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thanh Hoa Le
- Immunology Department, Institute of Biotechnology (IBT), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18. Hoang Quoc Viet Rd., Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam. .,Graduate University of Science and Technology (GUST), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18. Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam.
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2
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Sun Y, Cheng Y, Lin P, Zhang H, Yi L, Tong M, Cao Z, Li S, Cheng S, Wang J. Simultaneous detection and differentiation of canine parvovirus and feline parvovirus by high resolution melting analysis. BMC Vet Res 2019; 15:141. [PMID: 31077252 PMCID: PMC6511188 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-019-1898-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Canine parvovirus (CPV) and feline parvovirus (FPV) are causative agents of diarrhea in dogs and cats, which manifests as depression, vomiting, fever, loss of appetite, leucopenia, and diarrhea in young animals. CPV and FPV can single or mixed infect cats and cause disease. To diagnose sick animals effectively, an effective virus diagnostic and genome typing method with high sensitivity and specificity is required. RESULTS In this study, a conserved segment containing one SNP A4408C of parvovirus was used for real-time PCR amplification. Subsequently, data were auto-analyzed and plotted using Applied Biosystems® High Resolution Melt Software v3.1. Results showed that CPV and FPV can be detected simultaneously in a single PCR reaction. No cross-reactions were observed with canine adenovirus, canine coronavirus, and canine distemper virus. The assay had a detection limit of 4.2 genome copies of CPV and FPV. A total of 80 clinical samples were subjected to this assay, as well as to conventional PCR-sequence assay and virus isolation. Results showed that the percentage of agreement of the assay and other methods are high. CONCLUSIONS In short, we have developed a diagnostic test for the accurate detection and differentiation of CPV and FPV in fecal samples, which is also cost effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaru Sun
- Key Laboratory of Special Animal Epidemic Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, No. 4899, Juye Street, Jingyue District, Changchun, 130112, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 4899, Juye Street, Jingyue District, Changchun, 130112, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuening Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Special Animal Epidemic Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, No. 4899, Juye Street, Jingyue District, Changchun, 130112, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 4899, Juye Street, Jingyue District, Changchun, 130112, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Lin
- Key Laboratory of Special Animal Epidemic Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, No. 4899, Juye Street, Jingyue District, Changchun, 130112, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 4899, Juye Street, Jingyue District, Changchun, 130112, People's Republic of China
| | - Hewei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Special Animal Epidemic Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, No. 4899, Juye Street, Jingyue District, Changchun, 130112, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 4899, Juye Street, Jingyue District, Changchun, 130112, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Yi
- Key Laboratory of Special Animal Epidemic Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, No. 4899, Juye Street, Jingyue District, Changchun, 130112, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 4899, Juye Street, Jingyue District, Changchun, 130112, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingwei Tong
- Key Laboratory of Special Animal Epidemic Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, No. 4899, Juye Street, Jingyue District, Changchun, 130112, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 4899, Juye Street, Jingyue District, Changchun, 130112, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhigang Cao
- Key Laboratory of Special Animal Epidemic Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, No. 4899, Juye Street, Jingyue District, Changchun, 130112, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 4899, Juye Street, Jingyue District, Changchun, 130112, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Li
- Key Laboratory of Special Animal Epidemic Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, No. 4899, Juye Street, Jingyue District, Changchun, 130112, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 4899, Juye Street, Jingyue District, Changchun, 130112, People's Republic of China
| | - Shipeng Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Special Animal Epidemic Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, No. 4899, Juye Street, Jingyue District, Changchun, 130112, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 4899, Juye Street, Jingyue District, Changchun, 130112, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianke Wang
- Key Laboratory of Special Animal Epidemic Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, No. 4899, Juye Street, Jingyue District, Changchun, 130112, People's Republic of China. .,Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 4899, Juye Street, Jingyue District, Changchun, 130112, People's Republic of China.
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3
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Liu Z, Bingga G, Zhang C, Shao J, Shen H, Sun J, Zhang J. Application of Duplex Fluorescence Melting Curve Analysis (FMCA) to Identify Canine Parvovirus Type 2 Variants. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:419. [PMID: 30891024 PMCID: PMC6411689 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine parvovirus (CPV-2) is an enteric virus causing morbidity and mortality in dogs worldwide. Since CPV-2 emerged as canine pathogen, the original CPV-2 strain has constantly evolved, and its primary variants (CPV-2a, CPV-2b, and CPV-2c) co-circulate to varying extents in canine populations worldwide. Thus, rapid and accurate laboratory diagnoses of CPV-2 variants are crucial to monitor CPV-2 evolution. Conventional methods for CPV-2 genotyping are laborious, time consuming, and determining the genotype of a CPV-2 variant often requires two or more reaction tubes. The present study developed a probe-based fluorescence melting curve analysis (FMCA) for genotyping six different CPV-2 variants (original CPV-2, CPV-2a, CPV-2b, CPV-2c, and vaccine strains of CPVpf and CPVint) in a single reaction tube using only two TaqMan probes. One of the TaqMan probes (FAM labeled) was designed to perfectly match with the target sequence of CPV-2a, this probe allows a 1-bp mismatched hybridization with the CPV-2b VP2 gene region (A4062G), and a 2-bp mismatched hybridization for CPV-2c (A4062G and T4064A); Another TaqMan probe (HEX labeled) was produced to perfectly match with the target sequence of original CPV-2, this probe enables 1-bp mismatched hybridization with the other CPV-2 variants (A3045T). Using the two TaqMan probes, all six CPV-2 variants were readily distinguished by their respective melting temperature values in a single reaction tube. The detection limits of this assay were 1–10 copies per reaction for six CPV-2 construction plasmids and no cross reactions were observed with several other common canine viruses. In this assay, co-infected samples were also directly identified via probe-based FMCA without using a mixing control; only a pure control is required. The clinical evaluation of this assay was demonstrated by analyzing 83 clinical fecal samples, among which 41 (49.39%), 8 (9.63%), and 14 (16.87%) samples were found to be positive for CPV-2a, CPV-2b, and CPV-2c, respectively. The concordance rate between probe-based FMCA and Sanger sequencing was 100%. Thus, the duplex FMCA is effective, rapid, simple, high-throughput, and straightforward for genotyping CPV-2 variants, and is useful to effectively diagnose and monitor CPV-2 epidemiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhicheng Liu
- Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gali Bingga
- Vocational and Technical College of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Baotou, China
| | - Chunhong Zhang
- Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junjie Shao
- Changzhou Wumu Animal Hospital, Changzhou, China
| | - Haiyan Shen
- Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junying Sun
- Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianfeng Zhang
- Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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4
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Kelman M, Ward MP, Barrs VR, Norris JM. The geographic distribution and financial impact of canine parvovirus in Australia. Transbound Emerg Dis 2018; 66:299-311. [DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Kelman
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science The University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Michael P. Ward
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science The University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Vanessa R. Barrs
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science The University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Jacqueline M. Norris
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science The University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia
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5
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A multiplex TaqMan real-time PCR for detection and differentiation of four antigenic types of canine parvovirus in China. Mol Cell Probes 2018; 38:7-12. [PMID: 29499233 PMCID: PMC7126752 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2018.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Canine parvovirus (CPV) is an important pathogen in domestic dogs, and the original antigenic types CPV-2 and its variants, CPV-2a, 2b and 2c, are prevalent worldwide. A multiplex TaqMan real-time PCR method was developed for the detection and differentiation of four antigenic types of CPV. A set of primers and probes, CPV-305F/CPV-305R and CPV-2-305P (for CPV-2)/CPV-2a-305P (for CPV-2a, 2b and 2c), was able to differentiate CPV-2 and its variants (CPV-2a, 2b and 2c). Another set of primers and probes, CPV-426F/CPV-426R and CPV-2-426P (for CPV-2 and 2a)/CPV-2b-426P (for CPV-2b)/CPV-2c-426P (for CPV-2c), was able to differentiate CPV-2a (2), CPV-2b, and CPV-2c. With these primers and probes, the multiplex TaqMan real-time PCR assay detected effectively and differentiated CPV-2, 2a, 2b and 2c by two separate real-time PCRs. No cross reactivity was observed with canine distemper virus, canine adenovirus, and canine coronavirus. The detection limit of the assay is 101 genome copies/μL for CPV-2, CPV-2a, CPV-2b, and 102 copies/μL for CPV-2c. The multiplex real-time PCR has 100% agreement with DNA sequencing. We provide a sensitive assay that simultaneously detects and differentiate four antigenic types of CPV and the method was also used for quantification of CPVs viral genome. The Multiplex TaqMan real-time PCR can simultaneously detect and differentiate four antigenic types of CPV. The method is suit for using in detection of CPVs in China. The method showed a high specificity and sensitivity. The method was also used for quantification of CPVs viral genome.
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6
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Park SA, Park SY, Song CS, Choi IS, Kim HY, Lee JB, Lee NH. Development of a novel vaccine against canine parvovirus infection with a clinical isolate of the type 2b strain. Clin Exp Vaccine Res 2012; 1:70-6. [PMID: 23596579 PMCID: PMC3623513 DOI: 10.7774/cevr.2012.1.1.70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2012] [Revised: 05/10/2012] [Accepted: 06/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose In spite of an extensive vaccination program, parvoviral infections still pose a major threat to the health of dogs. Materials and Methods We isolated a novel canine parvovirus (CPV) strain from a dog with enteritis. Nucleotide and amino acid sequence analysis of the isolate showed that it is a novel type 2b CPV with asparagine at the 426th position and valine at the 555th position in VP2. To develop a vaccine against CPV infection, we passaged the isolate 4 times in A72 cells. Results The attenuated isolate conferred complete protection against lethal homologous CPV infection in dogs such that they did not develop any clinical symptoms, and their antibody titers against CPV were significantly high at 7-11 days post infection. Conclusion These results suggest that the virus isolate obtained after passaging can be developed as a novel vaccine against paroviral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon Ah Park
- Department of Veterinary Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
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7
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Characterization and application of monoclonal antibodies to bovine viral diarrhea virus nonstructural protein 5A. Arch Virol 2009; 154:1745-54. [DOI: 10.1007/s00705-009-0505-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2009] [Accepted: 08/25/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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8
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Mochizuki M, Ohshima T, Une Y, Yachi A. Recombination between vaccine and field strains of canine parvovirus is revealed by isolation of virus in canine and feline cell cultures. J Vet Med Sci 2009; 70:1305-14. [PMID: 19122396 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.70.1305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV) is a pathogen that causes severe hemorrhagic gastroenteritis with a high fatality rate in pups worldwide. Since CPV emerged in the late 1970s, its origin has been explored with the conclusion that CPV originated from feline panleukopenia virus or a closely related virus. Both high mutation rate and recombination are assumed to be key factors in the evolution of parvoviruses. Here we provide evidence for natural recombination in CPV isolated from dogs in cell culture. Antigenic and genetic properties of isolates from 10 diseased pups were elucidated. Six pups had been vaccinated beforehand with live combined vaccine containing original antigenic type CPV (CPV-2). Six isolates recovered from 4 vaccinated pups in cell cultures were found to contain either CPV-2 or CPV-2-like viruses. The other isolates, including all those from non-vaccinated pups, were CPV-2b viruses. Antigenic typing of two CPV-2-like isolates, 03-029/M and 1887/f, with a monoclonal antibody panel suggested they were a mixture of CPV-2 and CPV-2a (03-029/M) and a recombinant of CPV-2 and CPV-2b (1887/f). Genetic analysis of the VP1 gene indicated that isolate 03-029/M was a mixture of CPV-2, CPV-2a and a recombinant of CPV-2 and CPV-2a viruses, while isolate 1887/f was composed of a recombinant of CPV-2 and CPV-2b viruses. This is the first demonstration of natural CPV recombination in the field and suggests that recombination in the evolution of CPV is a more frequent and important process than previously believed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masami Mochizuki
- Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, Kyoritsu Seiyaku Corporation, Tokyo, Japan.
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9
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Touihri L, Bouzid I, Daoud R, Desario C, El Goulli AF, Decaro N, Ghorbel A, Buonavoglia C, Bahloul C. Molecular characterization of canine parvovirus-2 variants circulating in Tunisia. Virus Genes 2008; 38:249-58. [DOI: 10.1007/s11262-008-0314-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2008] [Accepted: 12/09/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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10
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Simple tests for rapid detection of canine parvovirus antigen and canine parvovirus-specific antibodies. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2008; 16:127-31. [PMID: 18987166 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00304-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Canine parvovirus (CPV) is the number one viral cause of enteritis, morbidity, and mortality in 8-week-old young puppies. We have developed twin assays (slide agglutination test [SAT] for CPV antigen and slide inhibition test [SIT] for CPV antibody) that are sensitive, specific, cost-effective, generic for all genotypes of CPV, and provide instant results for CPV antigen detection in feces and antibody quantification in serum. We found these assays to be useful for routine applications in kennels with large numbers of puppies at risk. The results of these assays are available in 1 min and do not require any special instrumentation. SAT-SIT technology will find applications in rapid screening of samples for other hemagglutinating emerging viruses of animals and humans (influenza virus and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus).
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11
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OHSHIMA T, HISAKA M, KAWAKAMI K, KISHI M, TOHYA Y, MOCHIZUKI M. Chronological Analysis of Canine Parvovirus Type 2 Isolates in Japan. J Vet Med Sci 2008; 70:769-75. [DOI: 10.1292/jvms.70.769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Takahisa OHSHIMA
- Advanced Technology Development Center, Kyoritsu Seiyaku Corporation
| | - Mitsuaki HISAKA
- Advanced Technology Development Center, Kyoritsu Seiyaku Corporation
| | - Kazuo KAWAKAMI
- Advanced Technology Development Center, Kyoritsu Seiyaku Corporation
| | - Masahiko KISHI
- Advanced Technology Development Center, Kyoritsu Seiyaku Corporation
| | - Yukinobu TOHYA
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo
| | - Masami MOCHIZUKI
- Advanced Technology Development Center, Kyoritsu Seiyaku Corporation
- Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, Kyoritsu Seiyaku Corporation
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12
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Nelson CD, Palermo LS, Hafenstein SL, Parrish CR. Different mechanisms of antibody-mediated neutralization of parvoviruses revealed using the Fab fragments of monoclonal antibodies. Virology 2007; 361:283-93. [PMID: 17217977 PMCID: PMC1991280 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2006.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2006] [Revised: 10/25/2006] [Accepted: 11/29/2006] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Antibody binding and neutralization are major host defenses against viruses, yet the mechanisms are often not well understood. Eight monoclonal antibodies and their Fab fragments were tested for neutralization of canine parvovirus and feline panleukopenia virus. All IgGs neutralized >85% of virus infectivity. Two Fabs neutralized when present at 5 nM, while the others gave little or no neutralization even at 20-100 nM. The antibodies bind two antigenic sites on the capsids which overlap the binding site of the host transferrin receptor (TfR). There was no specific correlation between Fab binding affinity and neutralization. All Fabs reduced capsid binding of virus to purified feline TfR in vitro, but the highly neutralizing Fabs were more efficient competitors. All partially prevented binding and uptake of capsids by feline TfR on cells. The virus appears adapted to allow some infectivity in the presence of at least low levels of antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian D.S. Nelson
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Collegeof Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA
| | - Laura S. Palermo
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Collegeof Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA
| | - Susan L. Hafenstein
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lilley Hall, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-1392 USA
| | - Colin R. Parrish
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Collegeof Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA
- *Corresponding author: Colin R. Parrish, Baker Institute for Animal Health, and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA Telephone: (607) 256-5649 Fax: (607) 256-5608
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13
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Martella V, Decaro N, Buonavoglia C. Evolution of CPV-2 and implication for antigenic/genetic characterization. Virus Genes 2006; 33:11-3. [PMID: 16791413 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-005-0034-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2005] [Accepted: 09/18/2005] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A few amino acid differences in the viral protein VP2 account for important antigenic and biological changes among feline parvovirus (FPV), canine parvovirus (CPV-2) and CPV-2 variants 2a and 2b. Several pieces of evidence suggest that CPV-2 is still evolving as additional amino acid changes occurred within the main antigenic regions of CPV-2 capsid, altering the antigenic profile of the virus and stressing the need for implementing the diagnostic assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vito Martella
- Department of Animal Health and Well-being, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, S.p. per Casamassima km 3, 70010, Valenzano, Bari, Italia.
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14
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Palermo LM, Hafenstein SL, Parrish CR. Purified feline and canine transferrin receptors reveal complex interactions with the capsids of canine and feline parvoviruses that correspond to their host ranges. J Virol 2006; 80:8482-92. [PMID: 16912298 PMCID: PMC1563853 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00683-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The cell infection processes and host ranges of canine parvovirus (CPV) and feline panleukopenia virus (FPV) are controlled by their capsid interactions with the transferrin receptors (TfR) on their host cells. Here, we expressed the ectodomains of wild-type and mutant TfR and tested those for binding to purified viral capsids and showed that different naturally variant strains of the viruses were associated with variant interactions with the receptors which likely reflect the optimization of the viral infection processes in the different hosts. While all viruses bound the feline TfR, reflecting their tissue culture host ranges, a naturally variant mutant of CPV (represented by the CPV type-2b strain) that became the dominant virus worldwide in 1979 showed significantly lower levels of binding to the feline TfR. The canine TfR ectodomain did not bind to a detectable level in the in vitro assays, but this appears to reflect the naturally low affinity of that interaction, as only low levels of binding were seen when the receptor was expressed on mammalian cells; however, that was sufficient to allow endocytosis and infection. The apical domain of the canine TfR controls the specific interaction with CPV capsids, as a canine TfR mutant altering a glycosylation site in that domain bound FPV, CPV-2, and CPV-2b capsids efficiently. Enzymatic removal of the N-linked glycans did not allow FPV binding to the canine TfR, suggesting that the protein sequence difference is itself important. The purified feline TfR inhibited FPV and CPV-2 binding and infection of feline cells but not CPV-2b, indicating that the receptor binding may be able to prevent the attachment to the same receptor on cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Palermo
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca NY 14853, USA.
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15
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Martella V, Decaro N, Elia G, Buonavoglia C. Surveillance Activity for Canine Parvovirus in Italy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 52:312-5. [PMID: 16316390 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0450.2005.00875.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Recent identification of unusual canine parvovirus (CPV) mutants in cats and dogs suggests that CPV type 2 (CPV-2), which emerged suddenly in the late 1970s, is undergoing continual genetic and antigenic variations. A peculiarity of parvoviruses is that single-nucleotide substitutions may determine drastic phenotypic changes. The effects of either natural or artificial mutations on CPV phenotypic properties have been largely investigated, and this sets up CPV as an interesting model to study virus evolution. By monitoring the evolution of CPV-2 in Italy, we observed the onset and quick spread of a Glu-426 mutant, antigenically different from the pre-existing variants that were partially displaced within a few years of the initial identification of the new mutant. The identification of CPV-2 variants raises several questions concerning their impact on the efficacy of the current CPV-2 vaccines, based on the original CPV-2 strain that no longer exists in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Martella
- Department of Animal Health and Well-Being, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, S.p. per Casamassima km 3, 70010 Valenzano, Bari, Italy.
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