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Ribavirin Treatment for Severe Schizophrenia with Anti-Borna Disease Virus 1 Antibodies 30 Years after Onset. Case Rep Psychiatry 2023; 2023:4899364. [PMID: 36891160 PMCID: PMC9988380 DOI: 10.1155/2023/4899364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Borna disease virus 1 (BoDV-1) was proven to cause fatal encephalitis in humans in 2018. However, the effects of persistent infections remain unclear. Here, we present the case of a 50-year-old woman with a 30-year history of severe schizophrenia, who was exposed to fleas from stray cats prior to disease onset, suggesting the possibility of zoonosis including BoDV-1 infection. The patient had experienced significant social impairment, thought deterioration, delusions, and hallucinations for more than 20 years. Method A radioligand assay was used to test the patient for IgG and IgM antibodies against BoDV-1 nucleoprotein (N) and phosphoprotein (P). Based on the protocol for hepatitis C, we treated the patient with 400 mg/day ribavirin, which was later increased to 600 mg/day. Results The serological examination revealed anti-BoDV-1 N IgG. Although only subtle changes were observed over the 24 weeks of treatment, the family noticed that the patient's Cotard delusions had disappeared 7 months after completing the treatment, accompanied by some improvements in the relationship with the family. Conclusion Though definite proof was not obtained, this presumed suppression of BoDV-1 by ribavirin leading to improvements in Cotard syndrome-like symptoms suggests that intractable schizophrenia might be one of the BoDV-1 infection phenotypes. Further studies are needed to clarify the effect of persistent BoDV-1 infections in humans.
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Matsunaga H, Makino A, Kato Y, Murakami T, Yamaguchi Y, Kumanogoh A, Oba Y, Fujimi S, Honda T, Tomonaga K. Radioligand Assay-Based Detection of Antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in Hospital Workers Treating Patients with Severe COVID-19 in Japan. Viruses 2021; 13:v13020347. [PMID: 33672213 PMCID: PMC7926924 DOI: 10.3390/v13020347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to clarify whether infection by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is prevalent among the staff of a hospital providing treatment to patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) using radioligand assay (RLA). One thousand samples from the staff of a general hospital providing treatment to patients with severe COVID-19 were assayed for SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein (N) IgG using RLA. Nine patients with COVID-19 who had been treated in inpatient settings and had already recovered were used as control subjects, and 186 blood donor samples obtained more than 10 years ago were used as negative controls. Four of the 1000 samples showed apparently positive results, and approximately 10 or more samples showed slightly high counts. Interestingly, a few among the blood donor samples also showed slightly high values. To validate the results, antibody examinations using ELISA and neutralizing antibody tests were performed on 21 samples, and chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA) was performed on 201 samples, both resulting in a very high correlation. One blood donor sample showed slightly positive results in both RLA and CLIA, suggesting a cross-reaction. This study showed that five months after the pandemic began in Japan, the staff of a general hospital with a tertiary emergency medical facility had an extremely low seroprevalence of the antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. Further investigation will be needed to determine whether the slightly high results were due to cross-reactions or a low titer of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. The quantitative RLA was considered sensitive enough to detect low titers of antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidenori Matsunaga
- Department of Psychiatry, Osaka General Medical Center, Osaka 558-8558, Japan
- Correspondence:
| | - Akiko Makino
- Laboratory of RNA Viruses, Department of Virus Research, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; (A.M.); (K.T.)
| | - Yasuhiro Kato
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (Y.K.); (T.M.); (Y.Y.); (A.K.)
| | - Teruaki Murakami
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (Y.K.); (T.M.); (Y.Y.); (A.K.)
| | - Yuta Yamaguchi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (Y.K.); (T.M.); (Y.Y.); (A.K.)
| | - Atsushi Kumanogoh
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (Y.K.); (T.M.); (Y.Y.); (A.K.)
| | - Yuichiro Oba
- Department of General Medicine, Osaka General Medical Center, Osaka 558-8558, Japan;
| | - Satoshi Fujimi
- Division of Trauma and Surgical Critical Care, Osaka General Medical Center, Osaka 558-8558, Japan;
| | - Tomoyuki Honda
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan;
| | - Keizo Tomonaga
- Laboratory of RNA Viruses, Department of Virus Research, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; (A.M.); (K.T.)
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Matsunaga H, Fukumori A, Mori K, Honda T, Uema T, Tomonaga K. Two Neuropsychiatric Cases Seropositive for Bornavirus Improved by Ribavirin. Jpn J Infect Dis 2018; 71:338-342. [PMID: 29848841 DOI: 10.7883/yoken.jjid.2017.585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
While we previously detected anti-bornavirus antibodies via radioligand assay in psychiatric patients, we did not examine the viral pathogenicity in these individuals. Herein, we present 2 psychiatric patients who were seropositive for bornavirus and whose treatment-resistant symptoms improved after oral administration of ribavirin, a broad-spectrum antiviral agent. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis indicated that ribavirin affected the central nervous system of these patients. Ribavirin ameliorated intermittent involuntary head shaking, which is reminiscent of a symptom observed in bornavirus-infected animals. Using radioligand assays to examine the serial sera of these patients, we found a relationship between the titers of anti-bornavirus antibodies and the change in the patients' symptoms. Our findings suggest there is a relationship between bornavirus infection and human symptoms and that ribavirin may be useful in suppressing chronic bornavirus infection in some neuropsychiatric patients. However, the possibility remains that some other known or unknown virus other than bornavirus that is sensitive to ribavirin may have caused the symptoms. Additional evidence that directly indicates the causative relationship between bornavirus infection and human symptoms is needed before establishing the pathogenesis and treatment for human bornavirus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Akio Fukumori
- Department of Aging Neurobiology, Center for Development for Advanced Medicine for Dementia, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology
| | - Kohji Mori
- Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Tomoyuki Honda
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine
| | | | - Keizo Tomonaga
- Laboratory of RNA Viruses, Department of Virus Research, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences (inFront), Kyoto University
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Honda T, Sofuku K, Matsunaga H, Tachibana M, Mohri I, Taniike M, Tomonaga K. Prevalence of antibodies against Borna disease virus proteins in Japanese children with autism spectrum disorder. Microbiol Immunol 2018; 62:473-476. [PMID: 29786872 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Bornavirus infection is observed in both animals, including humans. However, bornavirus epidemiology in humans, especially in children, remains unclear. Here, we evaluated antibodies against bornaviruses in Japanese children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) using immunofluorescence analysis, western blotting, and radio ligand assay. The prevalence of antibodies against bornavirus-specific speckles, N, and P proteins were 22%, 48%, and 33%, respectively, in the ASD children. According to our criteria, the prevalence of antibodies against bornaviruses was 7.4% in the ASD children. This is the first report of the serological prevalence of bornavirus in Japanese children. Our results provide valuable baseline-data regarding bornavirus epidemiology in children for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Honda
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Laboratory of RNA Viruses, Department of Virus Research, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Science (InFRONT), Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Kozue Sofuku
- Laboratory of RNA Viruses, Department of Virus Research, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Science (InFRONT), Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Hidenori Matsunaga
- Department of Psychiatry, Osaka General Medical Center, Osaka, Osaka 558-8558, Japan
| | - Masaya Tachibana
- Molecular Research Center for Children's Mental Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ikuko Mohri
- Molecular Research Center for Children's Mental Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masako Taniike
- Molecular Research Center for Children's Mental Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Keizo Tomonaga
- Laboratory of RNA Viruses, Department of Virus Research, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Science (InFRONT), Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
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The Association Between Borna Disease Virus and Mood Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. ARCHIVES OF NEUROSCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.5812/archneurosci.57779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Azami M, Jalilian FA, Khorshidi A, Mohammadi Y, Tardeh Z. The association between Borna Disease Virus and schizophrenia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Asian J Psychiatr 2018; 34:67-73. [PMID: 29660614 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2017.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Schizophrenia is a disabling psychiatric disorder. The role of Borna Disease Virus (BDV) in the etiology of schizophrenia has been suggested by several studies. However, the existence of such association remained controversial. The present meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate this association. METHOD This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted using preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis (PRISMA). Online databases including Scopus, PubMed, Science direct, Embase, PsycINFO, Web of Science and Google scholar search engine were searched until January 15, 2017. The heterogeneity of the studies was evaluated using Cochran's Q test and I2 statistic. Finally, random effects model was used for combining the results using Stata software version 11.1. RESULT Overall, 30 studies containing 2533 cases and 4004 controls were included in the meta-analysis. The combined odds ratio (OR) for the relationship between BDV and schizophrenia was estimated to be 2.72 (95%CI: 1.75-4.20). This association based on RT-PCR, WB, IFA, EIA, RLA, ECLIA methods was estimated to be 3.83 (95%CI: 1.59-9.20), 4.99 (95%CI: 1.80-13.85), 1.27 (95%CI: 0.23-7.12), 2.26 (95%CI: 0.48-10.64), 1.67 (95%CI: 0.50-5.56) and 2.88 (95%CI: 1.38-6.01), respectively. Subgroup analysis according to WBC, serum and plasma samples was estimated to be 3.31 (95%CI: 1.19-9.25), 2.21 (95% CI: 1.17-4.17), 2.21 (95%CI: 1.03-4.73) and 7.89 (95%CI: 1.75-35.53), respectively. CONCLUSION The results indicated the role of BDV in the etiology of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Azami
- Student Research Committee, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Farid Azizi Jalilian
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Ali Khorshidi
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Younes Mohammadi
- Modeling of Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Zeinab Tardeh
- Student Research Committee, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran.
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Huang Y, Li XM, Chen SG, Deng J, Lei Y, Li WJ, Zhang HZ, Zhang H, Li D, Xie P. Application of antibodies against Borna disease virus phosphoprotein and nucleoprotein on paraffin sections. Mol Med Rep 2018; 17:5416-5422. [PMID: 29363723 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to study the application of antibodies against recombinant proteins for detecting Borna disease virus (BDV) phosphoprotein (p24) and nucleoprotein (p40) (BDV‑p24/p40) on paraffin sections by immunohistochemistry. The purified fusion p24 and p40 proteins were used for the preparation of polyclonal and monoclonal anti‑p24 and anti‑40 antibodies, which were confirmed by ELISA and western blotting. Paraffin sections were made from BDV‑infected Sprague‑Dawley (SD) rats (n=20), PBS‑injected SD rats (n=20), normal SD rats (n=20) and normal C57 mice (n=20). Immunohistochemical staining was performed according to the EnVision™ two‑step protocol. Heat‑mediated antigen retrieval was performed using the retrieval buffer sodium citrate (1 mM; pH 6.0). All the antibodies against recombinant proteins exhibited good sensitivity and specificity. There were significant differences between the BDV‑infected group and the BDV‑uninfected group for poly‑ and monoclonal anti‑p24 and ‑p40 antibodies. These antibodies against recombinant proteins may be used effectively to detect BDV p24 and p40 in paraffin sections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Huang
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Mei Li
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Shi-Gang Chen
- Neuroscience Center, Key Laboratory of Neurobiology of Chongqing, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Jing Deng
- Neuroscience Center, Key Laboratory of Neurobiology of Chongqing, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Yang Lei
- Neuroscience Center, Key Laboratory of Neurobiology of Chongqing, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Juan Li
- Neuroscience Center, Key Laboratory of Neurobiology of Chongqing, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Zhi Zhang
- Neuroscience Center, Key Laboratory of Neurobiology of Chongqing, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Neuroscience Center, Key Laboratory of Neurobiology of Chongqing, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Peng Xie
- Neuroscience Center, Key Laboratory of Neurobiology of Chongqing, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
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Honda T, Sofuku K, Matsunaga H, Tachibana M, Mohri I, Taniike M, Tomonaga K. Detection of Antibodies against Borna Disease Virus Proteins in an Autistic Child and Her Mother. Jpn J Infect Dis 2017; 70:225-227. [PMID: 27795475 DOI: 10.7883/yoken.jjid.2016.277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Honda
- Department of Viral Oncology, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University
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Lipkin WI, Briese T, Hornig M. Borna disease virus - fact and fantasy. Virus Res 2011; 162:162-72. [PMID: 21968299 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2011.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2011] [Revised: 09/25/2011] [Accepted: 09/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The occasion of Brian Mahy's retirement as editor of Virus Research provides an opportunity to reflect on the work that led one of the authors (Lipkin) to meet him shortly after the molecular discovery and characterization of Borna disease virus in the late 1980s, and work with authors Briese and Hornig to investigate mechanisms of pathogenesis and its potential role in human disease. This article reviews the history, molecular biology, epidemiology, and pathobiology of bornaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Ian Lipkin
- Center for Infection and Immunity, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, 722 W 168th St., 17th Floor, New York, NY 10032, United States.
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Matsunaga H, Tanaka S, Fukumori A, Tomonaga K, Ikuta K, Amino N, Takeda M. Isotype analysis of human anti-Borna disease virus antibodies in Japanese psychiatric and general population. J Clin Virol 2008; 43:317-22. [PMID: 18786855 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2008.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2008] [Revised: 06/22/2008] [Accepted: 07/25/2008] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Borna disease virus (BDV) infection of humans has not been widely accepted due to the low titer of the antibody and lack of reliable diagnostic tools. OBJECTIVES To examine exposure to BDV or a related virus in Japanese psychiatric and general population by detecting the specific IgG, IgM, and IgA. STUDY DESIGN Sera from 304 psychiatric and 378 control subjects were examined for IgG, IgM, and IgA against BDV nucleoprotein (N) and phosphoprotein (P) using highly specific and sensitive radioligand assay. The avidity was also examined. RESULTS The specific IgG, IgM, and IgA against both BDV-N and -P were detected and the seropositivity was not significantly different between patients and controls. The avidity of the specific IgG was low to moderate, and the specific IgM did not disappear for several years. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggested common exposure to BDV or a related virus in the general Japanese population. Low avidity IgG and persistent IgM suggested delayed immune response against BDV or a related virus. The specific IgA indicated mucosal involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidenori Matsunaga
- Department of Psychiatry, Osaka General Medical Center, Bandai-higashi 3-1-56, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8558, Japan.
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DONFRANCESCO RENATO, GREGORI PAOLA, VULCANO ANTONELLA, CANDELORI ELISA, RONCHETTI ROBERTO, MIANO SILVIA, PAGANI JACOPO, VILLA MARIAPIA, PATTI ANNAMARIA. Borna Disease Virus infection in children with psychiatric disorders. APMIS 2008:80-2. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0463.2008.00m15.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Persistent Borna Disease Virus infection changes expression and function of astroglial gap junctions in vivo and in vitro. Brain Res 2007; 1184:316-32. [PMID: 18028885 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2007.09.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2007] [Revised: 09/23/2007] [Accepted: 09/24/2007] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Neonatal Borna Disease Virus (BDV) infection of the Lewis rat brain leads to dentate gyrus (DG) degeneration, underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Since astroglial gap junction (GJ) coupling is known to influence neurodegenerative processes, the question arose whether persistent BDV infection influences astroglial connexins (Cx) Cx43 and Cx30 in the hippocampal formation (HiF) of Lewis rats. RT-PCR and Western blot analysis of forebrain (FB) samples revealed a virus dependent reduction of both Cx types 8 but not 4 weeks post infection (p.i.). Immunohistochemistry revealed an increase of Cx43 in the DG and a decrease in the CA3 region 4 and 8 weeks p.i. Cx30, which was detectable only 8 weeks p.i., revealed a BDV dependent increase in DG and CA3 regions. BDV dependent astrogliosis as revealed by immunodetection of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) correlated not with astroglial connexin expression. With regard to functional coupling as revealed by scrape loading, BDV infection resulted in increased spreading of the GJ permeant dye Lucifer yellow in primary hippocampal astroglial cultures, and in increased expression of Cx43 and Cx30 as revealed by immunocytochemistry. In conclusion, persistent BDV infection of the Lewis rat brain leads to changes in astroglial Cx expression both in vivo and in vitro and of functional coupling in vitro. Distribution and time course of these changes suggest them to be a direct result of neurodegeneration in the DG and an indirect effect of neuronal deafferentiation in the CA3 region.
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Watanabe Y, Yanai H, Ohtaki N, Ikuta K, Tomonaga K. Prevalence of Borna disease virus antibodies in healthy Japanese black cattle in Kyushu. J Vet Med Sci 2006; 68:171-4. [PMID: 16520541 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.68.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have demonstrated that asymptomatic infection of Borna disease virus (BDV) is found in various species of animals in Japan. Recent reports have also revealed that neurological diseases caused by this virus could exist in horses, cattle, a dog, and cats in this country. In this study, we investigated seroprevalence of BDV antibodies in Japanese black cows reared in Kyushu, the southernmost main island of Japan, using ELISA and Western-immunoblotting. Of 101 serum samples, 11 (10.9%) and 21(20.7%) sera were identified as having antibodies to the BDV N and P antigens, respectively. Among the positive sera, three cows (2.9%) were seropositive for both of the antigens. Furthermore, interestingly, only female cows showed antibodies to P, whereas N antibodies were detected in male and female cows with a comparative ratio. Together with previous studies, our results indicate that BDV might be widely spread in cattle raised in Japan. Furthermore, this is the first report to show that beef cattle, Japanese black cattle, have antibodies against a possible zoonotic pathogen, BDV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Watanabe
- Department of Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-2871, Japan
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