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Chen J, Qu R, Chen Q, Zhang Z, Wu S, Bao M, Wang X, Liu L, Lyu S, Tian J, Lyu L, Yu C, Yuan S, Liu Z. Characterization of linoleate dioxygenases in basidiomycetes and the functional role of CcLdo1 in regulating fruiting body development in Coprinopsis cinerea. Fungal Genet Biol 2024; 173:103911. [PMID: 38960372 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2024.103911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Coprinopsis cinerea, a model fungus, is utilized for investigating the developmental mechanisms of basidiomycetes. The development of basidiomycetes is a highly organized process that requires coordination among genetic, environmental, and physiological factors. Oxylipins, a class of widely distributed signaling molecules, play crucial roles in fungal biology. Among oxylipins, the sexual pheromone-inducing factors (psi factors) have been identified as key regulators of the balance between asexual and sexual spore development in Ascomycetes. Linoleate dioxygenases are enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of psi factors, yet their specific physiological functions in basidiomycete development remain unclear. In this study, linoleate dioxygenases in basidiomycetes were identified and characterized. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that linoleate dioxygenases from Basidiomycota formed a distinct clade, with linoleate dioxygenases from Agaricomycetes segregating into three groups and those from Ustilaginomycetes forming a separate group. Both basidiomycete and ascomycete linoleate dioxygenases shared two characteristic domains: the N-terminal of linoleate dioxygenase domain and the C-terminal of cytochrome P450 domain. While the linoleate dioxygenase domains exhibited similarity between basidiomycetes and ascomycetes, the cytochrome P450 domains displayed high diversity in key sites. Furthermore, the gene encoding the linoleate dioxygenase Ccldo1 in C. cinerea was knocked out, resulting in a significant increase in fruiting body formation without affecting asexual conidia production. This observation suggests that secondary metabolites synthesized by CcLdo1 negatively regulate the sexual reproduction process in C. cinerea while not influencing the asexual reproductive process. This study represents the first identification of a gene involved in secondary metabolite synthesis that regulates basidiocarp development in a basidiomycete.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pathogens and Ecosystems, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Rong Qu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pathogens and Ecosystems, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Qiurong Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pathogens and Ecosystems, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ziyu Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pathogens and Ecosystems, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Siting Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pathogens and Ecosystems, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Mengyu Bao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pathogens and Ecosystems, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xinyue Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pathogens and Ecosystems, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pathogens and Ecosystems, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Siqi Lyu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pathogens and Ecosystems, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jialu Tian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pathogens and Ecosystems, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Linna Lyu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pathogens and Ecosystems, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Cigang Yu
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210042, China.
| | - Sheng Yuan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pathogens and Ecosystems, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhonghua Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pathogens and Ecosystems, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.
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Friesen OC, Aukema HM, Detwiler JT. Species-specific oxylipins and the effects of ontogeny and predation on their emission from freshwater snails. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2024; 291:111607. [PMID: 38360203 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2024.111607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Chemical cues play important roles in mediating ecological interactions. Oxylipins, oxygenated metabolites of fatty acids, are one signalling molecule type that influences the physiology and function of species, suggesting their broader significance in chemical communication within aquatic systems. Yet, our current understanding of their function is restricted taxonomically and contextually making it difficult to infer their ecological significance. Snails and leeches are ubiquitous in freshwater ecosystems worldwide, yet little is known about their oxylipin profiles and the factors that cause their profiles to change. As snails and leeches differ taxonomically and represent different trophic groups, we postulated oxylipin profile differences. For snails, we hypothesized that ontogeny (non-reproductive vs reproductive) and predation (non-infested vs leech-infested) would affect oxylipin profiles. Oxylipins were characterized from water conditioned with the snail Planorbella duryi and leech Helobdella lineata, and included three treatment types (snails, leeches, and leech-infested snails) with the snails consisting of three size classes: small (5-6 mm, non-reproductive) and medium and large (13-14 and 19-20 mm, reproductive). The two species differed in the composition of their oxylipin profiles both in diversity and amounts. Further, ontogeny and predation affected the diversity of oxylipins emitted by snails. Our experimental profiles of oxylipins show that chemical cues within freshwater systems vary depending upon the species emitting the signals, the developmental stage of the species, as well as from ecological interactions such as predation. We also identified some candidates, like 9-HETE and PGE2, that could be explored more directly for their physiological and ecological roles in freshwater systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olwyn C Friesen
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Canada
| | - Harold M Aukema
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Canada; Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Canada
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Riera-Ferrer E, Mazanec H, Mladineo I, Konik P, Piazzon MC, Kuchta R, Palenzuela O, Estensoro I, Sotillo J, Sitjà-Bobadilla A. An inside out journey: biogenesis, ultrastructure and proteomic characterisation of the ectoparasitic flatworm Sparicotyle chrysophrii extracellular vesicles. Parasit Vectors 2024; 17:175. [PMID: 38570784 PMCID: PMC10993521 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-024-06257-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helminth extracellular vesicles (EVs) are known to have a three-way communication function among parasitic helminths, their host and the host-associated microbiota. They are considered biological containers that may carry virulence factors, being therefore appealing as therapeutic and prophylactic target candidates. This study aims to describe and characterise EVs secreted by Sparicotyle chrysophrii (Polyopisthocotyla: Microcotylidae), a blood-feeding gill parasite of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata), causing significant economic losses in Mediterranean aquaculture. METHODS To identify proteins involved in extracellular vesicle biogenesis, genomic datasets from S. chrysophrii were mined in silico using known protein sequences from Clonorchis spp., Echinococcus spp., Fasciola spp., Fasciolopsis spp., Opisthorchis spp., Paragonimus spp. and Schistosoma spp. The location and ultrastructure of EVs were visualised by transmission electron microscopy after fixing adult S. chrysophrii specimens by high-pressure freezing and freeze substitution. EVs were isolated and purified from adult S. chrysophrii (n = 200) using a newly developed ultracentrifugation-size-exclusion chromatography protocol for Polyopisthocotyla, and EVs were characterised via nanoparticle tracking analysis and tandem mass spectrometry. RESULTS Fifty-nine proteins involved in EV biogenesis were identified in S. chrysophrii, and EVs compatible with ectosomes were observed in the syncytial layer of the haptoral region lining the clamps. The isolated and purified nanoparticles had a mean size of 251.8 nm and yielded 1.71 × 108 particles · mL-1. The protein composition analysis identified proteins related to peptide hydrolases, GTPases, EF-hand domain proteins, aerobic energy metabolism, anticoagulant/lipid-binding, haem detoxification, iron transport, EV biogenesis-related, vesicle-trafficking and other cytoskeletal-related proteins. Several identified proteins, such as leucyl and alanyl aminopeptidases, calpain, ferritin, dynein light chain, 14-3-3, heat shock protein 70, annexin, tubulin, glutathione S-transferase, superoxide dismutase, enolase and fructose-bisphosphate aldolase, have already been proposed as target candidates for therapeutic or prophylactic purposes. CONCLUSIONS We have unambiguously demonstrated for the first time to our knowledge the secretion of EVs by an ectoparasitic flatworm, inferring their biogenesis machinery at a genomic and transcriptomic level, and by identifying their location and protein composition. The identification of multiple therapeutic targets among EVs' protein repertoire provides opportunities for target-based drug discovery and vaccine development for the first time in Polyopisthocotyla (sensu Monogenea), and in a fish-ectoparasite model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Riera-Ferrer
- Fish Pathology Group, Institute of Aquaculture Torre de La Sal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IATS, CSIC), Ribera de Cabanes, 12595, Castellón, Spain
| | - Hynek Mazanec
- Laboratory of Helminthology, Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, (BC CAS), České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Ivona Mladineo
- Laboratory of Functional Helminthology, Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre Czech Academy of Sciences (BC CAS), České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Peter Konik
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1160/31, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - M Carla Piazzon
- Fish Pathology Group, Institute of Aquaculture Torre de La Sal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IATS, CSIC), Ribera de Cabanes, 12595, Castellón, Spain
| | - Roman Kuchta
- Laboratory of Helminthology, Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, (BC CAS), České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Oswaldo Palenzuela
- Fish Pathology Group, Institute of Aquaculture Torre de La Sal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IATS, CSIC), Ribera de Cabanes, 12595, Castellón, Spain
| | - Itziar Estensoro
- Fish Pathology Group, Institute of Aquaculture Torre de La Sal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IATS, CSIC), Ribera de Cabanes, 12595, Castellón, Spain.
| | - Javier Sotillo
- Parasitology Reference and Research Laboratory, National Centre for Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ariadna Sitjà-Bobadilla
- Fish Pathology Group, Institute of Aquaculture Torre de La Sal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IATS, CSIC), Ribera de Cabanes, 12595, Castellón, Spain
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Konaklieva MI, Plotkin BJ. Targeting host-specific metabolic pathways-opportunities and challenges for anti-infective therapy. Front Mol Biosci 2024; 11:1338567. [PMID: 38455763 PMCID: PMC10918472 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2024.1338567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms can takeover critical metabolic pathways in host cells to fuel their replication. This interaction provides an opportunity to target host metabolic pathways, in addition to the pathogen-specific ones, in the development of antimicrobials. Host-directed therapy (HDT) is an emerging strategy of anti-infective therapy, which targets host cell metabolism utilized by facultative and obligate intracellular pathogens for entry, replication, egress or persistence of infected host cells. This review provides an overview of the host lipid metabolism and links it to the challenges in the development of HDTs for viral and bacterial infections, where pathogens are using important for the host lipid enzymes, or producing their own analogous of lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) thus interfering with the human host's lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Balbina J. Plotkin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL, United States
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Pellissier L, Gaudry A, Vilette S, Lecoultre N, Rutz A, Allard PM, Marcourt L, Ferreira Queiroz E, Chave J, Eparvier V, Stien D, Gindro K, Wolfender JL. Comparative metabolomic study of fungal foliar endophytes and their long-lived host Astrocaryum sciophilum: a model for exploring the chemodiversity of host-microbe interactions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1278745. [PMID: 38186589 PMCID: PMC10768666 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1278745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Introduction In contrast to the dynamics observed in plant/pathogen interactions, endophytic fungi have the capacity to establish enduring associations within their hosts, leading to the development of a mutually beneficial relationship that relies on specialized chemical interactions. Research indicates that the presence of endophytic fungi has the ability to significantly modify the chemical makeup of the host organism. Our hypothesis proposes the existence of a reciprocal exchange of chemical signals between plants and fungi, facilitated by specialized chemical processes that could potentially manifest within the tissues of the host. This research aimed to precisely quantify the portion of the cumulative fungal endophytic community's metabolome detectable within host leaves, and tentatively evaluate its relevance to the host-endophyte interplay. The understory palm Astrocaryum sciophilum (Miq.) Pulle was used as a interesting host plant because of its notable resilience and prolonged life cycle, in a tropical ecosystem. Method Using advanced metabolome characterization, including UHPLC-HRMS/MS and molecular networking, the study explored enriched metabolomes of both host leaves and 15 endophytic fungi. The intention was to capture a metabolomic "snapshot" of both host and endophytic community, to achieve a thorough and detailed analysis. Results and discussion This approach yielded an extended MS-based molecular network, integrating diverse metadata for identifying host- and endophyte-derived metabolites. The exploration of such data (>24000 features in positive ionization mode) enabled effective metabolome comparison, yielding insights into cultivable endophyte chemodiversity and occurrence of common metabolites between the holobiont and its fungal communities. Surprisingly, a minor subset of features overlapped between host leaf and fungal samples despite significant plant metabolome enrichment. This indicated that fungal metabolic signatures produced in vitro remain sparingly detectable in the leaf. Several classes of primary metabolites were possibly shared. Specific fungal metabolites and/or compounds of their chemical classes were only occasionally discernible in the leaf, highlighting endophytes partial contribution to the overall holobiont metabolome. To our knowledge, the metabolomic study of a plant host and its microbiome has rarely been performed in such a comprehensive manner. The general analytical strategy proposed in this paper seems well-adapted for any study in the field of microbial- or microbiome-related MS and can be applied to most host-microbe interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonie Pellissier
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Centre Médical Universitaire (CMU), Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, Centre Médical Universitaire (CMU), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Arnaud Gaudry
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Centre Médical Universitaire (CMU), Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, Centre Médical Universitaire (CMU), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Salomé Vilette
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Centre Médical Universitaire (CMU), Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, Centre Médical Universitaire (CMU), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nicole Lecoultre
- Mycology Group, Research Department Plant Protection, Agroscope, Nyon, Switzerland
| | - Adriano Rutz
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Centre Médical Universitaire (CMU), Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, Centre Médical Universitaire (CMU), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Pierre-Marie Allard
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Centre Médical Universitaire (CMU), Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, Centre Médical Universitaire (CMU), Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Laurence Marcourt
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Centre Médical Universitaire (CMU), Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, Centre Médical Universitaire (CMU), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Emerson Ferreira Queiroz
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Centre Médical Universitaire (CMU), Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, Centre Médical Universitaire (CMU), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jérôme Chave
- Laboratoire Evolution et diversité Biologique (Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5174), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse III (UT3), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Université Toulouse 3, Toulouse, France
| | - Véronique Eparvier
- Université Paris-Saclay, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Didier Stien
- Sorbonne Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Microbiennes, Laboratoire de Biodiversité et Biotechnologies Microbiennes (LBBM), Observatoire Océanologique, Banyuls-Sur-Mer, France
| | - Katia Gindro
- Mycology Group, Research Department Plant Protection, Agroscope, Nyon, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Luc Wolfender
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Centre Médical Universitaire (CMU), Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, Centre Médical Universitaire (CMU), Geneva, Switzerland
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Liu H, Zhang X, Chen W, Wang C. The regulatory functions of oxylipins in fungi: A review. J Basic Microbiol 2023; 63:1073-1084. [PMID: 37357952 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202200721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Quorum sensing (QS) is a communication mechanism between microorganisms originally found in bacteria. In recent years, an important QS mechanism has been discovered in the field of fungi, namely, the lipoxygenase compound oxylipin of arachidonic acid acts as a QS molecule in life cycle control, particularly in the sexual and asexual development of fungi. However, the role of oxylipins in mediating eukaryotic communication has not been previously described. In this paper, we review the regulatory role of oxylipins and the underlying mechanisms and discuss the potential for application in major fungi. The role of oxylipin as a fungal quorum-sensing molecule is the main focus of the review. Besides, the quorum regulation of fungal morphological transformation, biofilm formation, virulence factors, secondary metabolism, infection, symbiosis, and other physiological behaviors are discussed. Moreover, future prospectives and applications are elaborated as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiqian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health, Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Xizi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health, Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health, Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Chengtao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health, Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
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dos Santos LF, Rodrigues GF, Malvezi AD, de Souza M, Nakama RP, Lovo-Martins MI, Pinge-Filho P. Beneficial effects of acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) on the actions of extracellular vesicles shed by Trypanosoma cruzi in macrophages. Parasitol Int 2023; 92:102697. [DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2022.102697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Abramczyk B, Pecio Ł, Kozachok S, Kowalczyk M, Marzec-Grządziel A, Król E, Gałązka A, Oleszek W. Pioneering Metabolomic Studies on Diaporthe eres Species Complex from Fruit Trees in the South-Eastern Poland. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031175. [PMID: 36770841 PMCID: PMC9920373 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungi from the genus Diaporthe have been reported as plant pathogens, endophytes, and saprophytes on a wide range of host plants worldwide. Their precise identification is problematic since many Diaporthe species can colonize a single host plant, whereas the same Diaporthe species can inhabit many hosts. Recently, Diaporthe has been proven to be a rich source of bioactive secondary metabolites. In our initial study, 40 Diaporthe isolates were analyzed for their metabolite production. A total of 153 compounds were identified based on their spectroscopic properties-Ultraviolet-visible and mass spectrometry. From these, 43 fungal metabolites were recognized as potential chemotaxonomic markers, mostly belonging to the drimane sesquiterpenoid-phthalide hybrid class. This group included mainly phytotoxic compounds such as cyclopaldic acid, altiloxin A, B, and their derivatives. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the metabolomic studies on Diaporthe eres species complex from fruit trees in the South-Eastern Poland. The results from our study may provide the basis for the future research on the isolation of identified metabolites and on their bioactive potential for agricultural applications as biopesticides or biofertilizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Abramczyk
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation—State Research Institute, Czartoryskich 8, 24-100 Puławy, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Łukasz Pecio
- Department of Biochemistry and Crop Quality, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation—State Research Institute, Czartoryskich 8, 24-100 Puławy, Poland
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Solomiia Kozachok
- Department of Biochemistry and Crop Quality, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation—State Research Institute, Czartoryskich 8, 24-100 Puławy, Poland
| | - Mariusz Kowalczyk
- Department of Biochemistry and Crop Quality, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation—State Research Institute, Czartoryskich 8, 24-100 Puławy, Poland
| | - Anna Marzec-Grządziel
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation—State Research Institute, Czartoryskich 8, 24-100 Puławy, Poland
| | - Ewa Król
- Department of Plant Protection, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Leszczyńskiego 7, 20-069 Lublin, Poland
| | - Anna Gałązka
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation—State Research Institute, Czartoryskich 8, 24-100 Puławy, Poland
| | - Wiesław Oleszek
- Department of Biochemistry and Crop Quality, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation—State Research Institute, Czartoryskich 8, 24-100 Puławy, Poland
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Cousins K, Chen CC, Sehanobish E, Jerschow E. The role of oxylipins in NSAID-exacerbated respiratory disease (N-ERD). ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2023; 97:423-444. [PMID: 37236766 PMCID: PMC10591515 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2022.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)-exacerbated respiratory disease (N-ERD) is characterized by nasal polyp formation, adult-onset asthma, and hypersensitivity to all cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) inhibitors. Oxygenated lipids are collectively known as oxylipins and are polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) oxidation products. The most extensively researched oxylipins being the eicosanoids formed from arachidonic acid (AA). There are four major classes of eicosanoids including leukotrienes, prostaglandins, thromboxanes, and lipoxins. In N-ERD, the underlying inflammatory process of the upper and lower respiratory systems begins and occurs independently of NSAID consumption and is due to the overproduction of cysteinyl leukotrienes. Leukotriene mediators all induce edema, bronchoconstriction, and airway mucous secretion. Thromboxane A2 is a potent bronchoconstrictor and induces endothelial adhesion molecule expression. Elevated Prostaglandin D2 metabolites lead to vasoconstriction, additionally impaired up-regulation of prostaglandin E2 leads to symptoms seen in N-ERD as it is essential for maintaining homeostasis of inflammatory responses in the airway and has bronchoprotective and anti-inflammatory effects. A characteristic feature of N-ERD is diminished lipoxin levels, this decreased capacity to form endogenous mediators with anti-inflammatory properties could facilitate local inflammatory response and expose bronchial smooth muscle to relatively unopposed actions of broncho-constricting substances. Treatment options, such as leukotriene modifying agents, aspirin desensitization, biologic agents and ESS, appear to influence eicosanoid pathways, however more studies need to be done to further understand the role of oxylipins. Besides AA-derived eicosanoids, other oxylipins may also pay a role but have not been sufficiently studied. Identifying pathogenic N-ERD mechanism is likely to define more effective treatment targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberley Cousins
- Division of Rheumatology & Clinical Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Chien-Chang Chen
- Division of Allergic Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Esha Sehanobish
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Elina Jerschow
- Division of Allergic Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States.
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Abdellatif SY, Fares NH, Elsharkawy SH, Mahmoud YI. Calanus oil attenuates isoproterenol-induced cardiac hypertrophy by regulating myocardial remodeling and oxidative stress. Ultrastruct Pathol 2023; 47:12-21. [PMID: 36588172 DOI: 10.1080/01913123.2022.2163016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Calanus oil, an oil extracted from the marine crustacean Calanus finmarchicus, is one of the richest sources of omega-3 and poly-unsaturated fatty acids. Although calanus oil has been shown to have a significant anti-hypertensive, anti-inflammatory, anti-fibrotic and anti-obesity effects in various cardiovascular diseases, but little is known about its effect on pathological cardiac hypertrophy. Thus, the present study was carried out to evaluate the therapeutic effect of calanus oil on cardiac hypertrophy. Cardiac hypertrophy was induced by subcutaneous injections with isoproterenol (5 mg/kg b.w) for 14 consecutive days. Calanus oil (400 mg/kg) was given orally for 4 weeks. Cardiac pathological remodeling was evaluated by echocardiography, after which morphometric, biochemical, histological and ultrastructural analyses were performed. Calanus oil treatment significantly ameliorated isoproterenol-induced structural and functional alterations in echocardiography. Calanus oil also reduced the relative heart weight, significantly decreased the elevated cardiac enzymes (LDH and CK-MB) and the lipid peroxidation marker (MDA), augmented the myocardial antioxidant status (TAC), and ameliorated the histopathological and ultrastructural changes in cardiac tissues and prevented interstitial collagen deposition. The present study, for the first time, provided morphometric, biochemical, histological and ultrastructural evidences supporting the promising anti-hypertrophic effect of calanus oil against ISO-induced cardiac hypertrophy. This anti-hypertrophic effect of calanus oil is via regulating myocardial remodeling and oxidative stress. Therefore, it could be used as potential pharmacological intervention in the management of cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nagui H Fares
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Samar H Elsharkawy
- Department of Surgery, Anaesthesiology and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Yomna I Mahmoud
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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11
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Zhang B, Du H, Sun M, Wu X, Li Y, Wang Z, Xiao Y, Peng F. Comparison of lauric acid and 12-hydroxylauric acid in the alleviation of drought stress in peach ( Prunus persica (L.) Batsch). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1025569. [PMID: 36340368 PMCID: PMC9635926 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1025569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Water shortage is a key factor that can restrict peach tree growth. Plants produce fatty acids and the fatty acid derivatives lauric acid (LA) and 12-hydroxylauric acid (LA-OH), which are involved in abiotic stress responses, but the underlying stress response mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, physiological examination revealed that in Prunus persica (L.) Batsch, pretreatment with 50 ppm LA-OH and LA reduced drought stress, efficiently maintained the leaf relative water content, and controlled the relative conductivity increase. Under drought stress, LA-OH and LA treatments prevented the degradation of photosynthetic pigments, increased the degree of leaf stomatal opening and enhanced the net photosynthetic rate. Compared with drought stress, LA-OH and LA treatment effectively increased the net photosynthetic rate by 204.55% and 115.91%, respectively, while increasing the Fv/Fm by 2.75% and 7.75%, respectively, but NPQ decreased by 7.67% and 37.54%, respectively. In addition, the level of reactive oxygen species increased under drought stress. The content of O2 - in LA-OH and LA treatment decreased by 12.91% and 11.24% compared to CK-D, respectively, and the content of H2O2 decreased by 13.73% and 19.94%, respectively. At the same time, the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) decreased by 55.56% and 58.48%, respectively. We believe that the main reason is that LA-OH and LA treatment have improved the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT). The application of exogenous LA increased the levels of soluble sugars, soluble proteins, proline and free amino acids under drought stress, and maintained the osmotic balance of cells. Compared with CK-D treatment, it increased by 24.11%, 16.89%, 29.3% and 15.04%, respectively. At the same time, the application of exogenous LA-OH also obtained similar results. In conclusion, exogenous LA-OH and LA can alleviate the damage to peach seedlings caused by drought stress by enhancing the photosynthetic and antioxidant capacities, increasing the activities of protective enzymes and regulating the contents of osmotic regulators, but the molecular mechanism is still in need of further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Futian Peng
- *Correspondence: Futian Peng, ; Yuansong Xiao,
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12
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Beccaccioli M, Pucci N, Salustri M, Scortichini M, Zaccaria M, Momeni B, Loreti S, Reverberi M, Scala V. Fungal and bacterial oxylipins are signals for intra- and inter-cellular communication within plant disease. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:823233. [PMID: 36186042 PMCID: PMC9524268 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.823233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Lipids are central at various stages of host-pathogen interactions in determining virulence and modulating plant defense. Free fatty acids may act as substrates for oxidizing enzymes [e.g., lipoxygenases (LOXs) and dioxygenases (DOXs)] that synthesize oxylipins. Fatty acids and oxylipins function as modulators of several pathways in cell-to-cell communication; their structural similarity among plant, fungal, and bacterial taxa suggests potential in cross-kingdom communication. We provide a prospect of the known role of fatty acids and oxylipins in fungi and bacteria during plant-pathogen interactions. In the pathogens, oxylipin-mediated signaling pathways are crucial both in development and host infection. Here, we report on case studies suggesting that oxylipins derived from oleic, linoleic, and linolenic acids are crucial in modulating the pathogenic lifestyle in the host plant. Intriguingly, overlapping (fungi-plant/bacteria-plant) results suggest that different inter-kingdom pathosystems use similar lipid signals to reshape the lifestyle of the contenders and occasionally determine the outcome of the challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzia Beccaccioli
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Pucci
- Research Centre for Plant Protection and Certification, Council for Agricultural Research and the Analysis of Agricultural Economics (CREA), Rome, Italy
| | - Manuel Salustri
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Scortichini
- Research Centre for Olive, Fruit and Citrus Crops, Council for Agricultural Research and the Analysis of Agricultural Economics (CREA), Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Zaccaria
- Department of Biology, Boston College, Newton, MA, United States
| | - Babak Momeni
- Department of Biology, Boston College, Newton, MA, United States
| | - Stefania Loreti
- Research Centre for Plant Protection and Certification, Council for Agricultural Research and the Analysis of Agricultural Economics (CREA), Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Reverberi
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Scala
- Research Centre for Plant Protection and Certification, Council for Agricultural Research and the Analysis of Agricultural Economics (CREA), Rome, Italy
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13
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Shinto LH, Raber J, Mishra A, Roese N, Silbert LC. A Review of Oxylipins in Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias (ADRD): Potential Therapeutic Targets for the Modulation of Vascular Tone and Inflammation. Metabolites 2022; 12:826. [PMID: 36144230 PMCID: PMC9501361 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12090826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
There is now a convincing body of evidence from observational studies that the majority of modifiable Alzheimer's disease and related dementia (ADRD) risk factors are vascular in nature. In addition, the co-existence of cerebrovascular disease with AD is more common than AD alone, and conditions resulting in brain ischemia likely promote detrimental effects of AD pathology. Oxylipins are a class of bioactive lipid mediators derived from the oxidation of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) which act as modulators of both vascular tone and inflammation. In vascular cognitive impairment (VCI), there is emerging evidence that oxylipins may have both protective and detrimental effects on brain structure, cognitive performance, and disease progression. In this review, we focus on oxylipin relationships with vascular and inflammatory risk factors in human studies and animal models pertinent to ADRD. In addition, we discuss future research directions with the potential to impact the trajectory of ADRD risk and disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynne H. Shinto
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., CR120, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Jacob Raber
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., CR120, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Departments of Behavioral Neuroscience and Radiation Medicine, Division of Neuroscience, ONPRC, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Anusha Mishra
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., CR120, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Jungers Center for Neurosciences Research, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Natalie Roese
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., CR120, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Lisa C. Silbert
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., CR120, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Portland, OR 97239, USA
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14
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Alam ST, Sarowar S, Mondal HA, Makandar R, Chowdhury Z, Louis J, Shah J. Opposing effects of MYZUS PERSICAE-INDUCED LIPASE 1 and jasmonic acid influence the outcome of Arabidopsis thaliana-Fusarium graminearum interaction. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2022; 23:1141-1153. [PMID: 35396792 PMCID: PMC9276950 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium graminearum (Fg) is an important fungal pathogen of small grain cereals that can also infect Arabidopsis thaliana. In Arabidopsis, jasmonic acid (JA) signalling involving JASMONATE RESISTANT 1 (JAR1), which synthesizes JA-isoleucine, a signalling form of JA, promotes susceptibility to Fg. Here we show that Arabidopsis MYZUS PERSICAE-INDUCED LIPASE 1 (MPL1), via its influence on limiting JA accumulation, restricts Fg infection. MPL1 expression was up-regulated in response to Fg infection, and MPL1-OE plants, which overexpress MPL1, exhibited enhanced resistance against Fg. In comparison, disease severity was higher on the mpl1 mutant than the wild type. JA content was lower in MPL1-OE and higher in mpl1 than in the wild type, indicating that MPL1 limits JA accumulation. Pharmacological experiments confirmed the importance of MPL1-determined restriction of JA accumulation on curtailment of Fg infection. Methyl-JA application attenuated the MPL1-OE-conferred resistance, while the JA biosynthesis inhibitor ibuprofen enhanced resistance in mpl1. Also, the JA biosynthesis-defective opr3 mutant was epistatic to mpl1, resulting in enhanced resistance in mpl1 opr3 plants. In comparison, JAR1 was not essential for the mpl1-conferred susceptibility to Fg. Considering that methyl-JA promotes Fg growth in culture, we suggest that in part MPL1 curtails disease by limiting the availability of a plant-derived Fg growth-promoting factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syeda T. Alam
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of North TexasDentonTexasUSA
- BioDiscovery InstituteUniversity of North TexasDentonTexasUSA
| | - Sujon Sarowar
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of North TexasDentonTexasUSA
- Present address:
Genetic Improvement of Fruits and Vegetables Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture‐Agricultural Research ServiceChatsworthNew JerseyUSA
| | - Hossain A. Mondal
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of North TexasDentonTexasUSA
- College of Postgraduate Studies in Agricultural Sciences (CPGS‐AS)under Central Agricultural UniversityImphalIndia
| | - Ragiba Makandar
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of North TexasDentonTexasUSA
- Department of Plant SciencesUniversity of HyderabadGachibowliIndia
| | - Zulkarnain Chowdhury
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of North TexasDentonTexasUSA
- BioDiscovery InstituteUniversity of North TexasDentonTexasUSA
| | - Joe Louis
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of North TexasDentonTexasUSA
- Department of Entomology and Department of BiochemistryUniversity of NebraskaLincolnNebraskaUSA
| | - Jyoti Shah
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of North TexasDentonTexasUSA
- BioDiscovery InstituteUniversity of North TexasDentonTexasUSA
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15
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Liu R, Bao ZX, Li GH, Li CQ, Wang SL, Pan XR, Zhang KQ, Zhao PJ. Identification of Nematicidal Metabolites from Purpureocillium lavendulum. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10071343. [PMID: 35889062 PMCID: PMC9325011 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10071343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpureocillium lavendulum is a fungus with promising biocontrol applications. Here, transcriptome data acquired during the infection of Caenorhabditis elegans by Purpureocillium lavendulum showed that the transcription of metabolite synthesis genes was significantly up-regulated after 24 and 48 h of the fungus-nematode interaction. Then, the up-regulated transcription level of lipoxygenase was confirmed by RT-qPCR. The ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) analysis of differential metabolites revealed that this interaction resulted in the emergence of new metabolites or enhanced the production of metabolites. The results of the UPLC-MS analysis and the nematicidal assay were used to establish optimal culturing conditions under which 12 metabolites, including 3 hydroxylated C18 fatty acids and 9 steroids, were isolated and identified. Among them, hydroxylated fatty acids showed pronounced nematicidal activity against Meloidogyne incognita, and two degradative sterols showed chemotaxis activity to M. incognita. This study lays a foundation for the function of lipoxygenase and its products during the infection of Purpureocillium lavendulum.
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16
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Hussain H, Vutipongsatorn K, Jiménez B, Antcliffe DB. Patient Stratification in Sepsis: Using Metabolomics to Detect Clinical Phenotypes, Sub-Phenotypes and Therapeutic Response. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12050376. [PMID: 35629881 PMCID: PMC9145582 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12050376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Infections are common and need minimal treatment; however, occasionally, due to inappropriate immune response, they can develop into a life-threatening condition known as sepsis. Sepsis is a global concern with high morbidity and mortality. There has been little advancement in the treatment of sepsis, outside of antibiotics and supportive measures. Some of the difficulty in identifying novel therapies is the heterogeneity of the condition. Metabolic phenotyping has great potential for gaining understanding of this heterogeneity and how the metabolic fingerprints of patients with sepsis differ based on survival, organ dysfunction, disease severity, type of infection, treatment or causative organism. Moreover, metabolomics offers potential for patient stratification as metabolic profiles obtained from analytical platforms can reflect human individuality and phenotypic variation. This article reviews the most relevant metabolomic studies in sepsis and aims to provide an overview of the metabolic derangements in sepsis and how metabolic phenotyping has been used to identify sub-groups of patients with this condition. Finally, we consider the new avenues that metabolomics could open, exploring novel phenotypes and untangling the heterogeneity of sepsis, by looking at advances made in the field with other -omics technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humma Hussain
- Division of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK; (H.H.); (K.V.)
| | - Kritchai Vutipongsatorn
- Division of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK; (H.H.); (K.V.)
| | - Beatriz Jiménez
- Section of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Division of Systems Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK;
- National Phenome Centre, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - David B. Antcliffe
- Division of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK; (H.H.); (K.V.)
- Correspondence:
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17
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Changes in Snail Chemical Profiles through Host-Parasite Interactions. Mol Biochem Parasitol 2022; 249:111464. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2022.111464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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18
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Friesen OC, Li CH, Sykes EME, Stout JM, Aukema HM, Kumar A, Detwiler JT. Density-Dependent Prophylaxis in Freshwater Snails Driven by Oxylipin Chemical Cues. Front Immunol 2022; 13:826500. [PMID: 35173735 PMCID: PMC8841777 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.826500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
While animal aggregations can benefit the fitness of group members, the behaviour may also lead to higher risks of parasite infection as group density increases. Some animals are known to moderate their investment in immunity relative to the risk of infection. These animals exhibit density-dependent prophylaxis (DDP) by increasing their immune investment as group density increases. Despite being documented in many taxa, the mechanisms of DDP remain largely unexplored. Snails are known to aggregate and experience large fluctuations in density and serve as required hosts for many parasites. Further, they are known to use chemical cues to aggregate. To test whether freshwater snails exhibit DDP and investigate the role that chemical signaling compounds may play in triggering this phenomenon, we performed four experiments on the freshwater snail Stagnicola elodes, which is a common host for many trematode parasite species. First, we tested if DDP occurred in snails in laboratory-controlled conditions (control vs snail-conditioned water) and whether differences in exposure to chemical cues affected immune function. Second, we used gas chromatography to characterize fatty acids expressed in snail-conditioned water to determine if precursors for particular signaling molecules, such as oxylipins, were being produced by snails. Third, we characterized the oxylipins released by infected and uninfected field-collected snails, to better understand how differences in oxylipin cocktails may play a role in inducing DDP. Finally, we tested the immune response of snails exposed to four oxylipins to test the ability of specific oxylipins to affect DDP. We found that snails exposed to water with higher densities of snails and raised in snail-conditioned water had higher counts of haemocytes. Additionally, lipid analysis demonstrated that fatty acid molecules that are also precursors for oxylipins were present in snail-conditioned water. Trematode-infected snails emitted 50 oxylipins in higher amounts, with 24 of these oxylipins only detected in this group. Finally, oxylipins that were higher in infected snails induced naïve snails to increase their immune responses compared to sham-exposed snails. Our results provide evidence that snails exhibit DDP, and the changes in oxylipins emitted by infected hosts may be one of the molecular mechanisms driving this phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olwyn C. Friesen
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- *Correspondence: Olwyn C. Friesen,
| | - Chen-Hua Li
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Ellen M. E. Sykes
- Department of Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Jake M. Stout
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Harold M. Aukema
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Ayush Kumar
- Department of Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Jillian T. Detwiler
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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Sabatino V, Orefice I, Marotta P, Ambrosino L, Chiusano ML, d'Ippolito G, Romano G, Fontana A, Ferrante MI. Silencing of a Pseudo-nitzschia arenysensis lipoxygenase transcript leads to reduced oxylipin production and impaired growth. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 233:809-822. [PMID: 34533849 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Because of their importance as chemical mediators, the presence of a rich and varied family of lipoxygenase (LOX) products, collectively named oxylipins, has been investigated thoroughly in diatoms, and the involvement of these products in important processes such as bloom regulation has been postulated. Nevertheless, little information is available on the enzymes and pathways operating in these protists. Exploiting transcriptome data, we identified and characterized a LOX gene, PaLOX, in Pseudo-nitzschia arenysensis, a marine diatom known to produce different species of oxylipins by stereo- and regio-selective oxidation of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) at C12 and C15. PaLOX RNA interference correlated with a decrease of the lipid-peroxidizing activity and oxylipin synthesis, as well as with a reduction of growth of P. arenysensis. In addition, sequence analysis and structure models of the C-terminal part of the predicted protein closely fitted with the data for established LOXs from other organisms. The presence in the genome of a single LOX gene, whose downregulation impairs both 12- and 15-oxylipins synthesis, together with the in silico 3D protein modelling suggest that PaLOX encodes for a 12/15S-LOX with a dual specificity, and provides additional support to the correlation between cell growth and oxylipin biosynthesis in diatoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Sabatino
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale 1, Naples, 80121, Italy
| | - Ida Orefice
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale 1, Naples, 80121, Italy
| | - Pina Marotta
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale 1, Naples, 80121, Italy
| | - Luca Ambrosino
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale 1, Naples, 80121, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Chiusano
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale 1, Naples, 80121, Italy
- Department of Agriculture, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Portici, 80055, Italy
| | - Giuliana d'Ippolito
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Campi Flegrei 34, Pozzuoli - Naples, I-80078, Italy
| | - Giovanna Romano
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale 1, Naples, 80121, Italy
| | - Angelo Fontana
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Campi Flegrei 34, Pozzuoli - Naples, I-80078, Italy
- Laboratory of Bio-Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Napoli "Federico II", Via Cupa Nuova Cinthia 21, Napoli, 80126, Italy
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20
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Interplay between Candida albicans and Lactic Acid Bacteria in the Gastrointestinal Tract: Impact on Colonization Resistance, Microbial Carriage, Opportunistic Infection, and Host Immunity. Clin Microbiol Rev 2021; 34:e0032320. [PMID: 34259567 PMCID: PMC8404691 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00323-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging studies have highlighted the disproportionate role of Candida albicans in influencing both early community assembly of the bacterial microbiome and dysbiosis during allergic diseases and intestinal inflammation. Nonpathogenic colonization of the human gastrointestinal (GI) tract by C. albicans is common, and the role of this single fungal species in modulating bacterial community reassembly after broad-spectrum antibiotics can be readily recapitulated in mouse studies. One of the most notable features of C. albicans-associated dysbiotic states is a marked change in the levels of lactic acid bacteria (LAB). C. albicans and LAB share metabolic niches throughout the GI tract, and in vitro studies have identified various interactions between these microbes. The two predominant LAB affected are Lactobacillus species and Enterococcus species. Lactobacilli can antagonize enterococci and C. albicans, while Enterococcus faecalis and C. albicans have been reported to exhibit a mutualistic relationship. E. faecalis and C. albicans are also causative agents of a variety of life-threatening infections, are frequently isolated together from mixed-species infections, and share certain similarities in clinical presentation-most notably their emergence as opportunistic pathogens following disruption of the microbiota. In this review, we discuss and model the mechanisms used by Lactobacillus species, E. faecalis, and C. albicans to modulate each other's growth and virulence in the GI tract. With multidrug-resistant E. faecalis and C. albicans strains becoming increasingly common in hospital settings, examining the interplay between these three microbes may provide novel insights for enhancing the efficacy of existing antimicrobial therapies.
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21
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Havrlentová M, Šliková S, Gregusová V, Kovácsová B, Lančaričová A, Nemeček P, Hendrichová J, Hozlár P. The Influence of Artificial Fusarium Infection on Oat Grain Quality. Microorganisms 2021; 9:2108. [PMID: 34683429 PMCID: PMC8538375 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9102108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Adverse environmental conditions, such as various biotic and abiotic stresses, are the primary reason for decreased crop productivity. Oat, as one of the world's major crops, is an important cereal in human nutrition. The aim of this work was to analyze the effect of inoculation with two species of the genus Fusarium on the selected qualitative parameters of oat grain intended for the food industry. Artificial inoculation caused a statistically significant decrease in the content of starch, oleic, linoleic, and α-linolenic acids in oat grains compared to the control. Moreover, artificial inoculation had no statistically significant effect on the content of β-D-glucans, total dietary fiber, total lipids, palmitic, stearic, and cis-vaccenic acids. An increase in the content of polyunsaturated fatty acids in oat grains was observed after inoculation. The most important indicator of Fusarium infection was the presence of the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol in the grain. The content of β-D-glucans, as a possible protective barrier in the cell wall, did not have a statistically significant effect on the inoculation manifestation in the grain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Havrlentová
- Department of Biotechnologies, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius in Trnava, 917 01 Trnava, Slovakia; (V.G.); (B.K.)
- National Agricultural and Food Centre, Research Institute of Plant Production in Piešťany, 921 68 Piešťany, Slovakia; (S.Š.); (A.L.); (J.H.)
| | - Svetlana Šliková
- National Agricultural and Food Centre, Research Institute of Plant Production in Piešťany, 921 68 Piešťany, Slovakia; (S.Š.); (A.L.); (J.H.)
| | - Veronika Gregusová
- Department of Biotechnologies, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius in Trnava, 917 01 Trnava, Slovakia; (V.G.); (B.K.)
| | - Bernadett Kovácsová
- Department of Biotechnologies, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius in Trnava, 917 01 Trnava, Slovakia; (V.G.); (B.K.)
| | - Andrea Lančaričová
- National Agricultural and Food Centre, Research Institute of Plant Production in Piešťany, 921 68 Piešťany, Slovakia; (S.Š.); (A.L.); (J.H.)
| | - Peter Nemeček
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius in Trnava, 917 01 Trnava, Slovakia;
| | - Jana Hendrichová
- National Agricultural and Food Centre, Research Institute of Plant Production in Piešťany, 921 68 Piešťany, Slovakia; (S.Š.); (A.L.); (J.H.)
| | - Peter Hozlár
- National Agricultural and Food Centre, Research Institute of Plant Production in Piešťany, Research and Breeding Station at Vígľaš-Pstruša, 962 12 Pstruša, Slovakia;
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22
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Trumbić Ž, Hrabar J, Palevich N, Carbone V, Mladineo I. Molecular and evolutionary basis for survival, its failure, and virulence factors of the zoonotic nematode Anisakis pegreffii. Genomics 2021; 113:2891-2905. [PMID: 34186188 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2021.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Parasitism is a highly successful life strategy and a driving force in genetic diversity that has evolved many times over. Accidental infections of non-targeted hosts represent an opportunity for lateral host switches and parasite niche expansion. However, if directed toward organisms that are phylogenetically distant from parasite's natural host, such as humans, it may present a dead-end environment where the parasite fails to mature or is even killed by host immunity. One example are nematodes of Anisakidae family, genus Anisakis, that through evolution have lost the ability to propagate in terrestrial hosts, but can survive for a limited time in humans causing anisakiasis. To scrutinize versatility of Anisakis to infect an evolutionary-distant host, we performed transcriptomic profiling of larvae successfully migrating through the rat, a representative model of accidental human infection and compared it to that of larvae infecting an evolutionary-familiar, paratenic host (fish). In a homeothermic accidental host Anisakis upregulated ribosome-related genes, cell division, cuticle constituents, oxidative phosphorylation, in an unsuccessful attempt to molt to the next stage. In contrast, in the paratenic poikilothermic host where metabolic pathways were moderately upregulated or silenced, larvae prepared for dormancy by triggering autophagy and longevity pathways. Identified differences and the modelling of handful of shared transcripts, provide the first insights into evolution of larval nematode virulence, warranting their further investigation as potential drug therapy targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Željka Trumbić
- University Department of Marine Studies, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Jerko Hrabar
- Laboratory of Aquaculture, Institute of Oceanography & Fisheries, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Nikola Palevich
- AgResearch Limited, Grasslands Research Centre, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand
| | - Vincenzo Carbone
- AgResearch Limited, Grasslands Research Centre, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand
| | - Ivona Mladineo
- Laboratory of Functional Helminthology, Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of Czech Academy of Science, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.
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23
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Pineau E, Sauveplane V, Grienenberger E, Bassard JE, Beisson F, Pinot F. CYP77B1 a fatty acid epoxygenase specific to flowering plants. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 307:110905. [PMID: 33902861 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2021.110905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Contrary to animals, little is known in plants about enzymes able to produce fatty acid epoxides. In our attempt to find and characterize a new fatty acid epoxygenase in Arabidopsis thaliana, data mining brought our attention on CYP77B1. Modification of the N-terminus was necessary to get enzymatic activity after heterologous expression in yeast. The common plant fatty acid C18:2 was converted into the diol 12,13-dihydroxy-octadec-cis-9-enoic acid when incubated with microsomes of yeast expressing modified CYP77B1 and AtEH1, a soluble epoxide hydrolase. This diol originated from the hydrolysis by AtEH1 of the epoxide 12,13-epoxy-octadec-cis-9-enoic acid produced by CYP77B1. A spatio-temporal study of CYP77B1 expression performed with RT-qPCR revealed the highest level of transcripts in flower bud while, in open flower, the enzyme was mainly present in pistil. CYP77B1 promoter-driven GUS expression confirmed reporter activities in pistil and also in stamens and petals. In silico co-regulation data led us to hypothesize that CYP77B1 could be involved in cutin synthesis but when flower cutin of loss-of-function mutants cyp77b1 was analyzed, no difference was found compared to cutin of wild type plants. Phylogenetic analysis showed that CYP77B1 is strictly conserved in flowering plants, suggesting a specific function in this lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle Pineau
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 12 Rue du Général Zimmer, 67084, Strasbourg, France.
| | - Vincent Sauveplane
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France.
| | - Etienne Grienenberger
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 12 Rue du Général Zimmer, 67084, Strasbourg, France.
| | - Jean-Etienne Bassard
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 12 Rue du Général Zimmer, 67084, Strasbourg, France.
| | - Frédéric Beisson
- Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologies d'Aix-Marseille, CEA, CNRS, Aix Marseille Université, UMR 7265, CEA Cadarache, F-13108, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France.
| | - Franck Pinot
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 12 Rue du Général Zimmer, 67084, Strasbourg, France.
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24
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Cui J, Shan K, Yang Q, Qi Y, Qu H, Li J, Wang R, Jia L, Chen W, Feng N, Chen YQ. Prostaglandin E 3 attenuates macrophage-associated inflammation and prostate tumour growth by modulating polarization. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:5586-5601. [PMID: 33982835 PMCID: PMC8184682 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Alternative polarization of macrophages regulates multiple biological processes. While M1‐polarized macrophages generally mediate rapid immune responses, M2‐polarized macrophages induce chronic and mild immune responses. In either case, polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)‐derived lipid mediators act as both products and regulators of macrophages. Prostaglandin E3 (PGE3) is an eicosanoid derived from eicosapentaenoic acid, which is converted by cyclooxygenase, followed by prostaglandin E synthase successively. We found that PGE3 played an anti‐inflammatory role by inhibiting LPS and interferon‐γ‐induced M1 polarization and promoting interleukin‐4‐mediated M2 polarization (M2a). Further, we found that although PGE3 had no direct effect on the growth of prostate cancer cells in vitro, PGE3 could inhibit prostate cancer in vivo in a nude mouse model of neoplasia. Notably, we found that PGE3 significantly inhibited prostate cancer cell growth in a cancer cell‐macrophage co‐culture system. Experimental results showed that PGE3 inhibited the polarization of tumour‐associated M2 macrophages (TAM), consequently producing indirect anti‐tumour activity. Mechanistically, we identified that PGE3 regulated the expression and activation of protein kinase A, which is critical for macrophage polarization. In summary, this study indicates that PGE3 can selectively promote M2a polarization, while inhibiting M1 and TAM polarization, thus exerting an anti‐inflammatory effect and anti‐tumour effect in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Cui
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Kai Shan
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Qin Yang
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yumin Qi
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Hongyan Qu
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jiaqi Li
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Rong Wang
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Lingling Jia
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Wei Chen
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Ninghan Feng
- Department of Urology, Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital, Wuxi, China
| | - Yong Q Chen
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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25
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Complex and Controversial Roles of Eicosanoids in Fungal Pathogenesis. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7040254. [PMID: 33800694 PMCID: PMC8065571 DOI: 10.3390/jof7040254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of fungal infections has increased in immunocompromised patients, leading to millions of deaths annually. Arachidonic acid (AA) metabolites, such as eicosanoids, play important roles in regulating innate and adaptative immune function, particularly since they can function as virulence factors enhancing fungal colonization and are produced by mammalian and lower eukaryotes, such as yeasts and other fungi (Candida albicans, Histoplasma capsulatum and Cryptococcus neoformans). C. albicans produces prostaglandins (PG), Leukotrienes (LT) and Resolvins (Rvs), whereas the first two have been well documented in Cryptococcus sp. and H. capsulatum. In this review, we cover the eicosanoids produced by the host and fungi during fungal infections. These fungal-derived PGs have immunomodulatory functions analogous to their mammalian counterparts. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) protects C. albicans and C. parapsilosis cells from the phagocytic and killing activity of macrophages. H. capsulatum PGs augment the fungal burden and host mortality rates in histoplasmosis. However, PGD2 potentiates the effects and production of LTB4, which is a very potent neutrophil chemoattractant that enhances host responses. Altogether, these data suggest that eicosanoids, mainly PGE2, may serve as a new potential target to combat diverse fungal infections.
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26
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Friesen OC, Detwiler JT. Parasite-Modified Chemical Communication: Implications for Aquatic Community Dynamics. Front Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.634754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemical communication within an aquatic environment creates an intricate signaling web that provides species with information about their surroundings. Signaling molecules, like oxylipins, mediate a multitude of interactions between free-living members of a community including non-consumptive effects by predators. Parasites are another source of signaling molecules in aquatic communities and contribute directly by synthesizing them or indirectly by manipulating host chemical cues. If chemical cues of infected hosts are altered, then non-consumptive interactions between other members of the community may also be affected. Different cues from infected hosts may alter behaviors in other individuals related to foraging, competition, and defense priming. Here, we discuss how parasites could modify host chemical cues, which may have far reaching consequences for other community members and the ecosystem. We discuss how the modification of signaling molecules by parasites may also represent a mechanism for parasite-modified behavior within some systems and provide a mechanism for non-consumptive effects of parasites. Further, we propose a host-parasite system that could be used to investigate some key, unanswered questions regarding the relationship between chemical cues, parasite-modified behavior, and non-consumptive effects. We explain how trematode-gastropod systems can be used to test whether there are alterations in the diversity and amounts of signaling molecules available, and if habitat use, immune function, and behavior of other individuals and species are affected. Finally, we argue that changes to pathway crosstalk by parasites within communities may have broad ecological implications.
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27
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Badimon L, Vilahur G, Rocca B, Patrono C. The key contribution of platelet and vascular arachidonic acid metabolism to the pathophysiology of atherothrombosis. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 117:2001-2015. [PMID: 33484117 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Arachidonic acid is one of the most abundant and ubiquitous ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid, present in esterified form in the membrane phospholipids of all mammalian cells and released from phospholipids by several phospholipases in response to various activating or inhibitory stimuli. Arachidonic acid is the precursor of a large number of enzymatically and non-enzymatically derived, biologically active autacoids, including prostaglandins (PGs), thromboxane (TX) A2, leukotrienes, and epoxyeicosatetraenoic acids (collectively called eicosanoids), endocannabinoids and isoprostanes, respectively. Eicosanoids are local modulators of the physiological functions and pathophysiological roles of blood vessels and platelets. For example, the importance of cyclooxygenase (COX)-1-derived TXA2 from activated platelets in contributing to primary haemostasis and atherothrombosis is demonstrated in animal and human models by the bleeding complications and cardioprotective effects associated with low-dose aspirin, a selective inhibitor of platelet COX-1. The relevance of vascular COX-2-derived prostacyclin (PGI2) in endothelial thromboresistance and atheroprotection is clearly shown by animal and human models and by the adverse cardiovascular effects exerted by COX-2 inhibitors in humans. A vast array of arachidonic acid-transforming enzymes, downstream synthases and isomerases, transmembrane receptors, and specificity in their tissue expression make arachidonic acid metabolism a fine-tuning system of vascular health and disease. Its pharmacological regulation is central in human cardiovascular diseases, as demonstrated by biochemical measurements and intervention trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Badimon
- Cardiovascular Program-ICCC, Research Institute-Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; CIBERCV, Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Cardiovascular Research Chair Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Vilahur
- Cardiovascular Program-ICCC, Research Institute-Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; CIBERCV, Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Bianca Rocca
- Department of Bioethics and Safety, Section of Pharmacology, Catholic University School of Medicine, Rome, Italy.,Gemelli' Foundation, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Patrono
- Department of Bioethics and Safety, Section of Pharmacology, Catholic University School of Medicine, Rome, Italy.,Gemelli' Foundation, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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28
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Ethridge AD, Bazzi MH, Lukacs NW, Huffnagle GB. Interkingdom Communication and Regulation of Mucosal Immunity by the Microbiome. J Infect Dis 2020; 223:S236-S240. [PMID: 33330908 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Intercellular communication and environmental sensing are most often mediated through ligand-receptor binding and signaling. This is true for both host cells and microbial cells. The ligands can be proteins (cytokines, growth factors, and peptides), modified lipids, nucleic acid derivatives and small molecules generated from metabolic pathways. These latter nonprotein metabolites play a much greater role in the overall function of mucosal immunity than previously recognized, and the list of potential immunomodulatory molecules derived from the microbiome is growing. The most well-studied microbial signals are the nonmetabolite microbe-associated molecular pattern molecules, such as lipopolysaccharide and teichoic acid, that bind to host pattern recognition receptors. Here, we will highlight the immunomodulatory activities of other microbiome-derived molecules, such as short-chain fatty acids, bile acids, uric acid, prostaglandins, histamine, catecholamines, aryl hydrocarbon receptor ligands, and 12,13-diHOME.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Malak H Bazzi
- Molecular, Cellular & Developmental Biology Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Nicholas W Lukacs
- Immunology Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Mary H. Weiser Food Allergy Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Gary B Huffnagle
- Immunology Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Molecular, Cellular & Developmental Biology Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Mary H. Weiser Food Allergy Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Department of Molecular, Cellular & Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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29
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Stec J, Pecic S. Facile synthesis of the fungus-derived natural products: N,N'-dipalmitoleyl urea (C 16:1) and N,N'-dioleyl urea (C 18:1). Nat Prod Res 2020; 36:2158-2165. [PMID: 33176489 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2020.1844694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Oxalyl chloride is one of the most versatile reagents used in organic synthesis. Oxalyl chloride was employed in the convenient one-pot, two-step synthesis of the fungus-derived naturally occurring lipoids: N,N'-dipalmitoleyl urea (C16:1) and N,N'-dioleyl urea (C18:1). The two symmetrical diacyl urea-based natural products were previously identified as fungus-specific pathogen-associated molecules (PAMs), which act as inflammatory mediators during fungal infection. The highly lipophilic natural lipoids were efficiently synthesized from commercially available reagents in yields ranging from good to very good.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jozef Stec
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Marshall B. Ketchum University, Fullerton, CA, USA
| | - Stevan Pecic
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, CA, USA
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30
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Yasukawa K, Okuno T, Yokomizo T. Eicosanoids in Skin Wound Healing. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228435. [PMID: 33182690 PMCID: PMC7698125 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Wound healing is an important process in the human body to protect against external threats. A dysregulation at any stage of the wound healing process may result in the development of various intractable ulcers or excessive scar formation. Numerous factors such as growth factors, cytokines, and chemokines are involved in this process and play vital roles in tissue repair. Moreover, recent studies have demonstrated that lipid mediators derived from membrane fatty acids are also involved in the process of wound healing. Among these lipid mediators, we focus on eicosanoids such as prostaglandins, thromboxane, leukotrienes, and specialized pro-resolving mediators, which are produced during wound healing processes and play versatile roles in the process. This review article highlights the roles of eicosanoids on skin wound healing, especially focusing on the biosynthetic pathways and biological functions, i.e., inflammation, proliferation, migration, angiogenesis, remodeling, and scarring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Yasukawa
- Department of Biochemistry, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; (K.Y.); (T.Y.)
- Drug Discovery Research Department, Sato Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tokyo 140-0011, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Okuno
- Department of Biochemistry, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; (K.Y.); (T.Y.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-3-5802-1031
| | - Takehiko Yokomizo
- Department of Biochemistry, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; (K.Y.); (T.Y.)
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31
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Suarez-Fernandez M, Marhuenda-Egea FC, Lopez-Moya F, Arnao MB, Cabrera-Escribano F, Nueda MJ, Gunsé B, Lopez-Llorca LV. Chitosan Induces Plant Hormones and Defenses in Tomato Root Exudates. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:572087. [PMID: 33250907 PMCID: PMC7672008 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.572087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we use electrophysiological and metabolomic tools to determine the role of chitosan as plant defense elicitor in soil for preventing or manage root pests and diseases sustainably. Root exudates include a wide variety of molecules that plants and root microbiota use to communicate in the rhizosphere. Tomato plants were treated with chitosan. Root exudates from tomato plants were analyzed at 3, 10, 20, and 30 days after planting (dap). We found, using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and excitation emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence, that chitosan induces plant hormones, lipid signaling and defense compounds in tomato root exudates, including phenolics. High doses of chitosan induce membrane depolarization and affect membrane integrity. 1H-NMR showed the dynamic of exudation, detecting the largest number of signals in 20 dap root exudates. Root exudates from plants irrigated with chitosan inhibit ca. twofold growth kinetics of the tomato root parasitic fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici. and reduced ca. 1.5-fold egg hatching of the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne javanica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Suarez-Fernandez
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Multidisciplinary Institute for Environmental Studies Ramon Margalef, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
- Department of Marine Sciences and Applied Biology, Laboratory of Plant Pathology, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Frutos Carlos Marhuenda-Egea
- Department of Agrochemistry and Biochemistry, Multidisciplinary Institute for Environmental Studies Ramon Margalef, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Federico Lopez-Moya
- Department of Marine Sciences and Applied Biology, Laboratory of Plant Pathology, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Marino B. Arnao
- Department of Plant Biology (Plant Physiology), University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Maria Jose Nueda
- Department of Mathematics, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Benet Gunsé
- Plant Physiology Laboratory, Faculty of Biosciences, Universidad Autonoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Luis Vicente Lopez-Llorca
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Multidisciplinary Institute for Environmental Studies Ramon Margalef, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
- Department of Marine Sciences and Applied Biology, Laboratory of Plant Pathology, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
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32
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Naranjo‐Ortiz MA, Gabaldón T. Fungal evolution: cellular, genomic and metabolic complexity. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2020; 95:1198-1232. [PMID: 32301582 PMCID: PMC7539958 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The question of how phenotypic and genomic complexity are inter-related and how they are shaped through evolution is a central question in biology that historically has been approached from the perspective of animals and plants. In recent years, however, fungi have emerged as a promising alternative system to address such questions. Key to their ecological success, fungi present a broad and diverse range of phenotypic traits. Fungal cells can adopt many different shapes, often within a single species, providing them with great adaptive potential. Fungal cellular organizations span from unicellular forms to complex, macroscopic multicellularity, with multiple transitions to higher or lower levels of cellular complexity occurring throughout the evolutionary history of fungi. Similarly, fungal genomes are very diverse in their architecture. Deep changes in genome organization can occur very quickly, and these phenomena are known to mediate rapid adaptations to environmental changes. Finally, the biochemical complexity of fungi is huge, particularly with regard to their secondary metabolites, chemical products that mediate many aspects of fungal biology, including ecological interactions. Herein, we explore how the interplay of these cellular, genomic and metabolic traits mediates the emergence of complex phenotypes, and how this complexity is shaped throughout the evolutionary history of Fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A. Naranjo‐Ortiz
- Bioinformatics and Genomics Programme, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG)The Barcelona Institute of Science and TechnologyDr. Aiguader 88, Barcelona08003Spain
| | - Toni Gabaldón
- Bioinformatics and Genomics Programme, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG)The Barcelona Institute of Science and TechnologyDr. Aiguader 88, Barcelona08003Spain
- Department of Experimental Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF)Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003BarcelonaSpain
- ICREAPg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010BarcelonaSpain
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33
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Molecular crosstalk between the endophyte Paraconiothyrium variabile and the phytopathogen Fusarium oxysporum – Modulation of lipoxygenase activity and beauvericin production during the interaction. Fungal Genet Biol 2020; 139:103383. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2020.103383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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34
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Koelmel JP, Napolitano MP, Ulmer CZ, Vasiliou V, Garrett TJ, Yost RA, Prasad MNV, Godri Pollitt KJ, Bowden JA. Environmental lipidomics: understanding the response of organisms and ecosystems to a changing world. Metabolomics 2020; 16:56. [PMID: 32307636 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-020-01665-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding the interaction between organisms and the environment is important for predicting and mitigating the effects of global phenomena such as climate change, and the fate, transport, and health effects of anthropogenic pollutants. By understanding organism and ecosystem responses to environmental stressors at the molecular level, mechanisms of toxicity and adaptation can be determined. This information has important implications in human and environmental health, engineering biotechnologies, and understanding the interaction between anthropogenic induced changes and the biosphere. One class of molecules with unique promise for environmental science are lipids; lipids are highly abundant and ubiquitous across nearly all organisms, and lipid profiles often change drastically in response to external stimuli. These changes allow organisms to maintain essential biological functions, for example, membrane fluidity, as they adapt to a changing climate and chemical environment. Lipidomics can help scientists understand the historical and present biofeedback processes in climate change and the biogeochemical processes affecting nutrient cycles. Lipids can also be used to understand how ecosystems respond to historical environmental changes with lipid signatures dating back to hundreds of millions of years, which can help predict similar changes in the future. In addition, lipids are direct targets of environmental stressors, for example, lipids are easily prone to oxidative damage, which occurs during exposure to most toxins. AIM OF REVIEW This is the first review to summarize the current efforts to comprehensively measure lipids to better understand the interaction between organisms and their environment. This review focuses on lipidomic applications in the arenas of environmental toxicology and exposure assessment, xenobiotic exposures and health (e.g., obesity), global climate change, and nutrient cycles. Moreover, this review summarizes the use of and the potential for lipidomics in engineering biotechnologies for the remediation of persistent compounds and biofuel production. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPT With the preservation of certain lipids across millions of years and our ever-increasing understanding of their diverse biological roles, lipidomic-based approaches provide a unique utility to increase our understanding of the contemporary and historical interactions between organisms, ecosystems, and anthropogenically-induced environmental changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy P Koelmel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, 125 Buckman Drive, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Michael P Napolitano
- CSS, Inc., under contract to National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science, Hollings Marine Laboratory, 331 Fort Johnson Road, Charleston, SC, 29412, USA
| | - Candice Z Ulmer
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Hollings Marine Laboratory, 331 Ft. Johnson Road, Charleston, SC, 29412, USA
| | - Vasilis Vasiliou
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Timothy J Garrett
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, 125 Buckman Drive, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Richard A Yost
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, 125 Buckman Drive, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - M N V Prasad
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500046, India
| | - Krystal J Godri Pollitt
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - John A Bowden
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, 1333 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
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Systematic genome analysis of a novel arachidonic acid-producing strain uncovered unique metabolic traits in the production of acetyl-CoA-derived products in Mortierellale fungi. Gene 2020; 741:144559. [PMID: 32169630 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.144559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The fungi in order Mortierellales are attractive producers for long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Here, the genome sequencing and assembly of a novel strain of Mortierella sp. BCC40632 were done, yielding 65 contigs spanning of 49,964,116 total bases with predicted 12,149 protein-coding genes. We focused on the acetyl-CoA in relevant to its derived metabolic pathways for biosynthesis of macromolecules with biological functions, including PUFAs, eicosanoids and carotenoids. By comparative genome analysis between Mortierellales and Mucorales, the signature genetic characteristics of the arachidonic acid-producing strains, including Δ5-desaturase and GLELO-like elongase, were also identified in the strain BCC40632. Remarkably, this fungal strain contained only n-6 pathway of PUFA biosynthesis due to the absence of Δ15-desaturase or ω3-desaturase gene in contrast to other Mortierella species. Four putative enzyme sequences in the eicosanoid biosynthetic pathways were identified in the strain BCC40632 and others Mortierellale fungi, but were not detected in the Mucorales. Another unique metabolic trait of the Mortierellales was the inability in carotenoid synthesis as a result of the lack of phytoene synthase and phytoene desaturase genes. The findings provide a perspective in strain optimization for production of tailored-made products with industrial applications.
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Evans RJ, Johnston SA. PPAR-gamma Fun(gi) With Prostaglandin. NUCLEAR RECEPTOR SIGNALING 2020; 17:1550762919899641. [PMID: 35582457 PMCID: PMC9109145 DOI: 10.1177/1550762919899641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In our recent publication, we show for the first time that the fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans is able to manipulate host cells by producing eicosanoids that mimic those found in the host. Using complementary in vivo zebrafish and in vitro macrophage cell culture models of Cryptococcus infection, we found that these eicosanoids manipulate host innate immune cells by activating the host receptor PPAR-gamma which is an important regulator of macrophage inflammatory phenotypes. We initially identified PGE2 as the eicosanoid species responsible for this effect; however, we later found that a derivative of PGE2—15-keto-PGE2—was ultimately responsible and that this eicosanoid acted as a partial agonist to PPAR-gamma. In this commentary, we will discuss some of the concepts and conclusions in our original publication and expand on their implications and future directions.
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Deboever E, Deleu M, Mongrand S, Lins L, Fauconnier ML. Plant-Pathogen Interactions: Underestimated Roles of Phyto-oxylipins. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 25:22-34. [PMID: 31668451 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2019.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Plant (or phyto-) oxylipins (POs) are produced under a wide range of stress conditions and although they are well known to activate stress-related signalling pathways, the nonsignalling roles of POs are poorly understood. We describe oxylipins as direct biocidal agents and propose that structure-function relationships play here a pivotal role. Based on their chemical configuration, POs, such as reactive oxygen and electrophile species, activate defence-related gene expression. We also propose that their ability to interact with pathogen membranes is important, but still misunderstood, and that they are involved in cross-kingdom communication. Taken as a whole, the current literature suggests that POs have a high potential as biocontrol agents. However, the mechanisms underlying these multifaceted compounds remain largely unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estelle Deboever
- Molecular Biophysics at Interface Laboratory (LBMI), Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, 2, Passage des Déportés, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium; Laboratory of Natural Molecules Chemistry (LCMN), Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, 2, Passage des Déportés, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium.
| | - Magali Deleu
- Molecular Biophysics at Interface Laboratory (LBMI), Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, 2, Passage des Déportés, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Sébastien Mongrand
- Laboratory of Membrane Biogenesis (LBM), Research Mix Unity (UMR) 5200, National Scientific Research Center (CNRS), University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Laurence Lins
- Molecular Biophysics at Interface Laboratory (LBMI), Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, 2, Passage des Déportés, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Marie-Laure Fauconnier
- Laboratory of Natural Molecules Chemistry (LCMN), Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, 2, Passage des Déportés, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium
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Calanus oil in the treatment of obesity-related low-grade inflammation, insulin resistance, and atherosclerosis. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 104:967-979. [PMID: 31853565 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-10293-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Calanus oil (COil) is a natural product extracted from marine zooplankton Calanus finmarchicus found in the North Atlantic Ocean. This oil is rich in wax esters of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and has been projected as the best alternative to fish oil because its production cannot keep pace with the demands from the growing markets. The COil is the only commercially available marine source of wax esters, whereas classic ω-3 PUFAs comes from triglycerides, ethyl esters, and phospholipids. It has, in recent decades, been seen that there is an unprecedented rise in the use of PUFA-rich oil in the aquaculture industry. A simultaneous rise in the demand of PUFAs is also observed in the health care industry, where PUFAs are suggested preventing various disorders related to lifestyles such as obesity, diabetes mellitus, chronic low-grade inflammation, atherosclerosis, and brain and cardiovascular disorders (CVDs). In this review, we will explore the metabolic aspects related to the use of COil as an antioxidant, anticholesterinemic, and anti-inflammatory dietary source and its impact on the prevention and therapy of obesity-related metabolic disorders.
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Some Biogenetic Considerations Regarding the Marine Natural Product (-)-Mucosin. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24224147. [PMID: 31731797 PMCID: PMC6891381 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24224147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, the identity of the marine hydrindane natural product (−)-mucosin was revised to the trans-fused structure 6, thereby providing a biogenetic puzzle that remains to be solved. We are now disseminating some of our insights with regard to the possible machinery delivering the established architecture. Aspects with regard to various modes of cyclization in terms of concerted versus stepwise processes are held up against the enzymatic apparatus known to be working on arachidonic acid (8). To provide a contrast to the tentative polyunsaturated fatty acid biogenesis, the structural pattern featured in (−)-mucosin (6) is compared to some marine hydrinane natural products of professed polyketide descent. Our appraisal points to a different origin and strengthens the hypothesis of a polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) as the progenitor of (−)-mucosin (6).
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Gao B, Lang S, Duan Y, Wang Y, Shawcross DL, Louvet A, Mathurin P, Ho SB, Stärkel P, Schnabl B. Serum and Fecal Oxylipins in Patients with Alcohol-Related Liver Disease. Dig Dis Sci 2019; 64:1878-1892. [PMID: 31076986 PMCID: PMC6588282 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-019-05638-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol-related liver disease is one of the most prevalent chronic liver diseases worldwide. Mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of alcohol-related liver disease are not well understood. Oxylipins play a crucial role in numerous biological processes and pathological conditions. Nevertheless, oxylipins are not well studied in alcohol-related liver disease. AIMS (1) To characterize the patterns of bioactive ω-3 and ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolites in alcohol use disorder and alcoholic hepatitis patients and (2) to identify associations of serum oxylipins with clinical parameters in patients with alcohol-related liver disease. METHODS We performed a comprehensive liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis of serum and fecal oxylipins derived from ω-6 arachidonic acid, ω-3 eicosapentaenoic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid in a patient cohort with alcohol-related liver disease. RESULTS Our results show profound alterations in the serum oxylipin profile of patients with alcohol use disorder and alcoholic hepatitis compared to nonalcoholic controls. Spearman correlation of the oxylipins with clinical parameters shows a link between different serum oxylipins and intestinal permeability, aspartate aminotransferase, bilirubin, albumin, international normalized ratio, platelet count, steatosis, fibrosis and model for end-stage liver disease score. Especially, higher level of serum 20-HETE was significantly associated with decreased albumin, increased hepatic steatosis, polymorphonuclear infiltration, and 90-day mortality. CONCLUSIONS Patients with alcohol-related liver disease have different oxylipin profiles. Future studies are required to confirm oxylipins as disease biomarker or to connect oxylipins to disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Gao
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sonja Lang
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Yi Duan
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Yanhan Wang
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Debbie L. Shawcross
- Institute of Liver Studies, King’s College London School of Medicine at King’s College Hospital, King’s College Hospital, London, UK
| | - Alexandre Louvet
- Service des Maladies de L’appareil Digestif et Unité INSERM, Hôpital Huriez, Lille, France
| | - Philippe Mathurin
- Service des Maladies de L’appareil Digestif et Unité INSERM, Hôpital Huriez, Lille, France
| | - Samuel B. Ho
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Peter Stärkel
- St. Luc University Hospital, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bernd Schnabl
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
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Evans RJ, Pline K, Loynes CA, Needs S, Aldrovandi M, Tiefenbach J, Bielska E, Rubino RE, Nicol CJ, May RC, Krause HM, O’Donnell VB, Renshaw SA, Johnston SA. 15-keto-prostaglandin E2 activates host peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) to promote Cryptococcus neoformans growth during infection. PLoS Pathog 2019; 15:e1007597. [PMID: 30921435 PMCID: PMC6438442 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cryptococcus neoformans is one of the leading causes of invasive fungal infection in humans worldwide. C. neoformans uses macrophages as a proliferative niche to increase infective burden and avoid immune surveillance. However, the specific mechanisms by which C. neoformans manipulates host immunity to promote its growth during infection remain ill-defined. Here we demonstrate that eicosanoid lipid mediators manipulated and/or produced by C. neoformans play a key role in regulating pathogenesis. C. neoformans is known to secrete several eicosanoids that are highly similar to those found in vertebrate hosts. Using eicosanoid deficient cryptococcal mutants Δplb1 and Δlac1, we demonstrate that prostaglandin E2 is required by C. neoformans for proliferation within macrophages and in vivo during infection. Genetic and pharmacological disruption of host PGE2 synthesis is not required for promotion of cryptococcal growth by eicosanoid production. We find that PGE2 must be dehydrogenated into 15-keto-PGE2 to promote fungal growth, a finding that implicated the host nuclear receptor PPAR-γ. C. neoformans infection of macrophages activates host PPAR-γ and its inhibition is sufficient to abrogate the effect of 15-keto-PGE2 in promoting fungal growth during infection. Thus, we describe the first mechanism of reliance on pathogen-derived eicosanoids in fungal pathogenesis and the specific role of 15-keto-PGE2 and host PPAR-γ in cryptococcosis. Cryptococcus neoformans is an opportunistic fungal pathogen that is responsible for significant numbers of deaths in the immunocompromised population worldwide. Here we address whether eicosanoids produced by C. neoformans manipulate host innate immune cells during infection. Cryptococcus neoformans produces several eicosanoids that are notable for their similarity to vertebrate eicosanoids, it is therefore possible that fungal-derived eicosanoids may provoke physiological effects in the host. Using a combination of in vitro and in vivo infection models we identify a specific eicosanoid species—prostaglandin E2 –that is required by C. neoformans for growth during infection. We subsequently show that prostaglandin E2 must be converted to 15-keto-prostaglandin E2 within the host before it has these effects. Furthermore, we find that prostaglandin E2/15-keto-prostaglandin E2 mediated virulence is via activation of host PPAR-γ –an intracellular eicosanoid receptor known to interact with 15-keto-PGE2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J. Evans
- Bateson Centre, Firth Court, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, United Kingdom
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, United Kingdom
| | - Katherine Pline
- Bateson Centre, Firth Court, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, United Kingdom
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine A. Loynes
- Bateson Centre, Firth Court, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, United Kingdom
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Needs
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, United Kingdom
| | - Maceler Aldrovandi
- Systems Immunity Research Institute, and Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, South Glamorgan, United Kingdom
| | - Jens Tiefenbach
- Banting and Best Department of Medical Research, The Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research (CCBR), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- InDanio Bioscience Inc., Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ewa Bielska
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel E. Rubino
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christopher J. Nicol
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robin C. May
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, United Kingdom
| | - Henry M. Krause
- Banting and Best Department of Medical Research, The Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research (CCBR), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- InDanio Bioscience Inc., Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Valerie B. O’Donnell
- Systems Immunity Research Institute, and Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, South Glamorgan, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen A. Renshaw
- Bateson Centre, Firth Court, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, United Kingdom
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, United Kingdom
| | - Simon A. Johnston
- Bateson Centre, Firth Court, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, United Kingdom
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Watrous JD, Niiranen TJ, Lagerborg KA, Henglin M, Xu YJ, Rong J, Sharma S, Vasan RS, Larson MG, Armando A, Mora S, Quehenberger O, Dennis EA, Cheng S, Jain M. Directed Non-targeted Mass Spectrometry and Chemical Networking for Discovery of Eicosanoids and Related Oxylipins. Cell Chem Biol 2019; 26:433-442.e4. [PMID: 30661990 PMCID: PMC6636917 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2018.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Eicosanoids and related oxylipins are critical, small bioactive mediators of human physiology and inflammation. While ∼1,100 distinct species have been predicted to exist, to date, less than 150 of these molecules have been measured in humans, limiting our understanding of their role in human biology. Using a directed non-targeted mass spectrometry approach in conjunction with chemical networking of spectral fragmentation patterns, we find over 500 discrete chemical signals highly consistent with known and putative eicosanoids and related oxylipins in human plasma including 46 putative molecules not previously described. In plasma samples from 1,500 individuals, we find members of this expanded oxylipin library hold close association with markers of inflammation, as well as clinical characteristics linked with inflammation, including advancing age and obesity. These experimental and computational approaches enable discovery of new chemical entities and will shed important insight into the role of bioactive molecules in human health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeramie D Watrous
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Teemu J Niiranen
- Department of Medicine, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Department of Public Health Solutions, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland
| | - Kim A Lagerborg
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Mir Henglin
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yong-Jiang Xu
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Jian Rong
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA; Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sonia Sharma
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ramachandran S Vasan
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA; Sections of Preventive Medicine and Cardiovascular Medicine, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Martin G Larson
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA; Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Aaron Armando
- Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Samia Mora
- Center for Lipid Metabolomics, Divisions of Preventive and Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Oswald Quehenberger
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Edward A Dennis
- Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Susan Cheng
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA; Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Mohit Jain
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.
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Disturbance in biosynthesis of arachidonic acid impairs the sexual development of the onion blight pathogen Stemphylium eturmiunum. Curr Genet 2019; 65:759-771. [PMID: 30649584 DOI: 10.1007/s00294-019-00930-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 12/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The formation of sexual fruiting bodies for plant pathogenic fungi is a key strategy to propagate their progenies upon environmental stresses. Stemphylium eturmiunum is an opportunistic plant pathogen fungus causing blight in onion. This self-fertilizing filamentous ascomycete persists in the soil by forming pseudothecia, the sexual fruiting body which helps the fungus survive in harsh environments. However, the regulatory mechanism of pseudothecial formation remains unknown. To uncover the mechanism for pseudothecial formation so as to find a practical measure to control the propagation of this onion pathogen, we tentatively used DNA methyltransferase inhibitor 5-azacytidine (5-AC) to treat S. eturmiunum. 5-AC treatment silenced the gene-encoding monoacylglycerol lipase (magl) concomitant with the presence of the inheritable fluffy phenotype and defectiveness in pseudothecial development. Moreover, the silence of magl also resulted in a reduction of arachidonic acid (AA) formation from 27 ± 3.1 µg/g to 9.5 ± 1.5 µg/g. To correlate the biosynthesis of AA and pseudothecial formation, we created magl knockdown and overexpression strains. Knockdown of magl reduced AA to 11 ± 2.4 µg/g, which subsequently disabled pseudothecial formation. In parallel, overexpression of magl increased AA to 37 ± 3.4 µg/g, which also impaired pseudothecial formation. Furthermore, exogenous addition of AA to the culture of magl-silenced or magl knockdown strains rescued the pseudothecial formation but failed in the gpr1 knockdown strain of S. eturmiunum, which implicates the involvement of AA in signal transduction via a putative G protein-coupled receptor 1. Thus, AA at a cellular level of 27 ± 3.1 µg/g is essential for sexual development of S. eturmiunum. Disturbance in the biosynthesis of AA by up- and down-regulating the expression of magl disables the pseudothecial development. The specific requirement for AA in pseudothecial development by S. eturmiunum provides a hint to curb this onion pathogen: to impede pseudothecial formation by application of AA.
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Paloque L, Perez-Berezo T, Abot A, Dalloux-Chioccioli J, Bourgeade-Delmas S, Le Faouder P, Pujo J, Teste MA, François JM, Schebb NH, Mainka M, Rolland C, Blanpied C, Dietrich G, Bertrand-Michel J, Deraison C, Valentin A, Cenac N. Polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolites: biosynthesis in Leishmania and role in parasite/host interaction. J Lipid Res 2019; 60:636-647. [PMID: 30626624 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m091736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Inside the human host, Leishmania infection starts with phagocytosis of infective promastigotes by macrophages. In order to survive, Leishmania has developed several strategies to manipulate macrophage functions. Among these strategies, Leishmania as a source of bioactive lipids has been poorly explored. Herein, we assessed the biosynthesis of polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolites by infective and noninfective stages of Leishmania and further explored the role of these metabolites in macrophage polarization. The concentration of docosahexaenoic acid metabolites, precursors of proresolving lipid mediators, was increased in the infective stage of the parasite compared with the noninfective stage, and cytochrome P450-like proteins were shown to be implicated in the biosynthesis of these metabolites. The treatment of macrophages with lipids extracted from the infective forms of the parasite led to M2 macrophage polarization and blocked the differentiation into the M1 phenotype induced by IFN-γ. In conclusion, Leishmania polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolites, produced by cytochrome P450-like protein activity, are implicated in parasite/host interactions by promoting the polarization of macrophages into a proresolving M2 phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Paloque
- UMR152 Pharma Dev, Université de Toulouse, IRD, UPS, 31400 Toulouse, France.,LCC CNRS, UPR8241, Université de Toulouse, UPS, INPT, 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Teresa Perez-Berezo
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, INP-ENVT, 31024 Toulouse, France
| | - Anne Abot
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, INP-ENVT, 31024 Toulouse, France
| | | | | | | | - Julien Pujo
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, INP-ENVT, 31024 Toulouse, France
| | - Marie-Ange Teste
- LISBP Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRA, INSA, 31400 Toulouse, France
| | | | - Nils Helge Schebb
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences University of Wuppertal, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Malwina Mainka
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences University of Wuppertal, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Corinne Rolland
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, INP-ENVT, 31024 Toulouse, France
| | - Catherine Blanpied
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, INP-ENVT, 31024 Toulouse, France
| | - Gilles Dietrich
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, INP-ENVT, 31024 Toulouse, France
| | | | - Céline Deraison
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, INP-ENVT, 31024 Toulouse, France
| | - Alexis Valentin
- UMR152 Pharma Dev, Université de Toulouse, IRD, UPS, 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Nicolas Cenac
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, INP-ENVT, 31024 Toulouse, France
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Abstract
Eicosanoids are bioactive lipid mediators generated in almost all mammalian cells from the oxidation of arachidonic acid and other related twenty-carbon polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). Eicosanoids regulate various physiological functions, including cellular homoeostasis and modulation of inflammatory responses in mammals. The mode of action of these lipid mediators depend on their binding to different G-protein coupled receptors. The three main enzymatic pathways associated with their production are the COX pathway, LOX pathway and cytochrome P450 pathway. Interestingly, investigations have also revealed that several human pathogenic fungi are capable of producing these bioactive lipid mediators; however, the exact biosynthetic pathways and their function in pathogenicity are not yet extensively characterized. The aim of the current review is to summarize the recent discoveries pertaining to eicosanoid production by human pathogenic yeasts with a special focus on the opportunistic human fungal pathogen Candida parapsilosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanmoy Chakraborty
- Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, Department of Microbiology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Renáta Tóth
- Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, Department of Microbiology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Attila Gácser
- Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, Department of Microbiology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,MTA-SZTE "Lendület" "Mycobiome" Research Group, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
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46
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The Schistosoma mansoni lipidome: Leads for immunomodulation. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1037:107-118. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2017.11.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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47
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Seo MJ, Kang WR, Yang EJ, Shin KC, Ko YJ, Oh DK. Molecular characterization of Penicillium oxalicum 6R,8R-linoleate diol synthase with new regiospecificity. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2018; 1864:577-586. [PMID: 30342100 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2018.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Diol synthase-derived metabolites are involved in the sexual and asexual life cycles of fungi. A putative diol synthase from Penicillium oxalicum was found to convert palmitoleic acid (16:1n-7), oleic acid (18:1n-9), linoleic acid (18:2n-6), and α-linolenic acid (18:3n-3) to 6S,8R-dihydroxy-9(Z)-hexadecenoic acid, 6R,8R-dihydroxy-9(Z)-octadecenoic acid, 6R,8R-dihydroxy-9,12(Z,Z)-octadecadienoic acid, and 6S,8R-dihydroxy-9,12,15(Z,Z,Z)-octadecatrienoic acid, respectively, which were identified by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy analyses. The specific activity and catalytic efficiency of P. oxalicum 6,8-diol synthase were the highest for 18:2n-6, indicating that the enzyme is a 6R,8R-linoleate diol synthase (6R,8R-LDS) with new regiospecificity. This is the first report of a 6R,8R-LDS. LDS is a fusion protein consisting of a dioxygenase domain at the N-terminus and a cytochrome P450/hydroperoxide isomerase (P450/HPI) domain at the C-terminus. The putative active-site residues in the C-terminal domain of P. oxalicum 6R,8R-LDS were proposed based on a substrate-docking homology model. The results of the site-directed mutagenesis within C-terminal P450 domain suggested that Asn886, Arg707, and Arg934, are catalytic importance and belong to the catalytic groove. Phe794 and Gln889 were found to be involved in the regiospecific rearrangement of hydroperoxide, while the F794E and Q889A variants of P. oxalicum 6,8-LDS acted as 7,8- and 8,11-LDSs, respectively. All these mutations critically affected the HPI activity of P. oxalicum 6R,8R-LDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Ju Seo
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Ri Kang
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Joo Yang
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Chul Shin
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Joo Ko
- National Center for Inter-University Research Facilities (NCIRF), Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Deok-Kun Oh
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea.
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48
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Estrada-Figueroa LA, Díaz-Gandarilla JA, Hernández-Ramírez VI, Arrieta-González MM, Osorio-Trujillo C, Rosales-Encina JL, Toledo-Leyva A, Talamás-Rohana P. Leishmania mexicana gp63 is the enzyme responsible for cyclooxygenase (COX) activity in this parasitic protozoa. Biochimie 2018; 151:73-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2018.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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49
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García-Flores LA, Medina S, Gómez C, Wheelock CE, Cejuela R, Martínez-Sanz JM, Oger C, Galano JM, Durand T, Hernández-Sáez Á, Ferreres F, Gil-Izquierdo Á. Aronia-citrus juice (polyphenol-rich juice) intake and elite triathlon training: a lipidomic approach using representative oxylipins in urine. Food Funct 2018; 9:463-475. [PMID: 29231216 DOI: 10.1039/c7fo01409k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we examined whether particular urinary oxylipins (isoprostanes (IsoPs), leukotrienes (LTs), prostaglandins (PGs), and thromboxanes (TXs)) in 16 elite triathletes could alter during 145 days of training. Within this time span, 45 days were dedicated to examining the effects of the intake of a beverage rich in polyphenols (one serving: 200 mL per day) supplemented in their diet. The beverage was a mixture of citrus juice (95%) and Aronia melanocarpa juice (5%) (ACJ). Fifty-two oxylipins were analyzed in the urine. The quantification was carried out using solid-phase extraction, liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. The physical activity decreased the excretion of some PG, IsoP, TX, and LT metabolites from arachidonic acid, γ-dihomo-linolenic acid, and eicosapentaenoic acid. The ACJ also reduced the excretion of 2,3-dinor-11β-PGF2α and 11-dehydro-TXB2, although the levels of other metabolites increased after juice supplementation (PGE2, 15-keto-15-F2t-IsoP, 20-OH-PGE2, LTE4, and 15-epi-15-E2t-IsoP), compared to the placebo. The metabolites that increased in abundance have been related to vascular homeostasis and smooth muscle function, suggesting a positive effect on the cardiovascular system. In conclusion, exercise influences mainly the decrease in oxidative stress and the inflammation status in elite triathletes, while ACJ supplementation has a potential benefit regarding the cardiovascular system that is connected in a synergistic manner with elite physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libia Alejandra García-Flores
- Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus de Espinardo, P.O. Box 164, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain.
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50
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Kaisar MMM, Ritter M, del Fresno C, Jónasdóttir HS, van der Ham AJ, Pelgrom LR, Schramm G, Layland LE, Sancho D, Prazeres da Costa C, Giera M, Yazdanbakhsh M, Everts B. Dectin-1/2-induced autocrine PGE2 signaling licenses dendritic cells to prime Th2 responses. PLoS Biol 2018; 16:e2005504. [PMID: 29668708 PMCID: PMC5927467 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.2005504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms through which dendritic cells (DCs) prime T helper 2 (Th2) responses, including those elicited by parasitic helminths, remain incompletely understood. Here, we report that soluble egg antigen (SEA) from Schistosoma mansoni, which is well known to drive potent Th2 responses, triggers DCs to produce prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), which subsequently—in an autocrine manner—induces OX40 ligand (OX40L) expression to license these DCs to drive Th2 responses. Mechanistically, SEA was found to promote PGE2 synthesis through Dectin-1 and Dectin-2, and via a downstream signaling cascade involving spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2), and cyclooxygenase 1 and 2 (COX-1 and COX-2). In addition, this pathway was activated independently of the actions of omega-1 (ω-1), a previously described Th2-priming glycoprotein present in SEA. These findings were supported by in vivo murine data showing that ω-1–independent Th2 priming by SEA was mediated by Dectin-2 and Syk signaling in DCs. Finally, we found that Dectin-2−/−, and to a lesser extent Dectin-1−/− mice, displayed impaired Th2 responses and reduced egg-driven granuloma formation following S. mansoni infection, highlighting the physiological importance of this pathway in Th2 polarization during a helminth infection. In summary, we identified a novel pathway in DCs involving Dectin-1/2-Syk-PGE2-OX40L through which Th2 immune responses are induced. T helper 2 (Th2) responses, which are initiated by dendritic cells (DCs), can cause allergic diseases, but they can also provide protection against metabolic disorders and parasitic helminth infections. As such, there is great interest in better understanding how their activity is induced and regulated by DCs. Parasitic helminths can potently induce Th2 responses. However, how helminths condition DCs for priming of Th2 responses remains incompletely understood. Here, we find that egg antigens from the parasitic helminth Schistosoma mansoni bind to pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) Dectin-1 and Dectin-2 on DCs. This binding triggers a signaling cascade in DCs that results in synthesis of eicosanoid prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). PGE2 is sensed by the DCs themselves, resulting in expression of OX40 ligand (OX40L), which subsequently enables the DCs to promote Th2 differentiation. We show that this pathway is activated independently of omega-1 (ω-1), which is a glycoprotein secreted by the eggs and previously shown to condition DCs for priming of Th2 responses. Moreover, we demonstrate that this ω-1–independent pathway is crucial for Th2 induction and egg-driven immunopathology following S. mansoni infection in vivo. In summary, we identified a novel pathway in DCs involving Dectin-1/2–induced autocrine PGE2 signaling through which Th2 responses are induced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria M. M. Kaisar
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Manuel Ritter
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University Hospital of Bonn, Germany
| | - Carlos del Fresno
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares “Carlos III”, Madrid, Spain
| | - Hulda S. Jónasdóttir
- Center of Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Alwin J. van der Ham
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Leonard R. Pelgrom
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | - Laura E. Layland
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University Hospital of Bonn, Germany & German Centre for Infection Research, partner site, Bonn-Cologne, Bonn, Germany
| | - David Sancho
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares “Carlos III”, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Martin Giera
- Center of Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Maria Yazdanbakhsh
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Bart Everts
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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