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Onyango LA, Liang J. Manuka honey as a non-antibiotic alternative against Staphylococcus spp. and their small colony variant (SCVs) phenotypes. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1380289. [PMID: 38868298 PMCID: PMC11168119 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1380289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The antibiotic resistance (ABR) crisis is an urgent global health priority. Staphylococci are among the problematic bacteria contributing to this emergency owing to their recalcitrance to many clinically important antibiotics. Staphylococcal pathogenesis is further complicated by the presence of small colony variants (SCVs), a bacterial subpopulation displaying atypical characteristics including retarded growth, prolific biofilm formation, heightened antibiotic tolerance, and enhanced intracellular persistence. These capabilities severely impede current chemotherapeutics, resulting in chronic infections, poor patient outcomes, and significant economic burden. Tackling ABR requires alternative measures beyond the conventional options that have dominated treatment regimens over the past 8 decades. Non-antibiotic therapies are gaining interest in this arena, including the use of honey, which despite having ancient therapeutic roots has now been reimagined as an alternative treatment beyond just traditional topical use, to include the treatment of an array of difficult-to-treat staphylococcal infections. This literature review focused on Manuka honey (MH) and its efficacy as an anti-staphylococcal treatment. We summarized the studies that have used this product and the technologies employed to study the antibacterial mechanisms that render MH a suitable agent for the management of problematic staphylococcal infections, including those involving staphylococcal SCVs. We also discussed the status of staphylococcal resistance development to MH and other factors that may impact its efficacy as an alternative therapy to help combat ABR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A. Onyango
- Department of Biology, Trinity Western University, Langley, BC, Canada
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2
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Zafer MM, Mohamed GA, Ibrahim SRM, Ghosh S, Bornman C, Elfaky MA. Biofilm-mediated infections by multidrug-resistant microbes: a comprehensive exploration and forward perspectives. Arch Microbiol 2024; 206:101. [PMID: 38353831 PMCID: PMC10867068 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03826-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
A biofilm is a collection of microorganisms organized in a matrix of extracellular polymeric material. Biofilms consist of microbial cells that attach to both surfaces and each other, whether they are living or non-living. These microbial biofilms can lead to hospital-acquired infections and are generally detrimental. They possess the ability to resist the human immune system and antibiotics. The National Institute of Health (NIH) states that biofilm formation is associated with 65% of all microbial illnesses and 80% of chronic illnesses. Additionally, non-device-related microbial biofilm infections include conditions like cystic fibrosis, otitis media, infective endocarditis, and chronic inflammatory disorders. This review aims to provide an overview of research on chronic infections caused by microbial biofilms, methods used for biofilm detection, recent approaches to combat biofilms, and future perspectives, including the development of innovative antimicrobial strategies such as antimicrobial peptides, bacteriophages, and agents that disrupt biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai M Zafer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Gamal A Mohamed
- Department of Natural Products and Alternative Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, 21589, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sabrin R M Ibrahim
- Department of Chemistry, Preparatory Year Program, Batterjee Medical College, 21442, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, 71526, Egypt
| | - Soumya Ghosh
- Natural and Medical Science Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, 616, Oman
| | - Charné Bornman
- Department of Engineering Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, 9301, South Africa
| | - Mahmoud A Elfaky
- Department of Natural Products and Alternative Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, 21589, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
- Center for Artificial Intelligence in Precision Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, 21589, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
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Kwon H, Park SY, Lee S, Kim SG, Park SC, Kim YB, Han JE, Kim JH. Genomic and biological characteristics of a novel lytic phage, vB_MscM-PMS3, infecting the opportunistic zoonotic pathogen Mammaliicoccus sciuri. Arch Virol 2023; 169:4. [PMID: 38079005 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-023-05940-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Mammaliicoccus sciuri is an opportunistic zoonotic pathogen in humans and animals. We isolated the Mammaliicoccus phage vB_MscM-PMS3, which was also able to infect and lyse M. sciuri and M. lentus. The phage genome is a linear dsDNA that is 147,811 bp in length and contains 206 ORFs and three tRNA genes. It showed low genome coverage (< 17%) and sequence identity (< 91.3%) to other phage genomes. Phylogenetic analysis based on the whole genome and major capsid protein revealed that this phage clustered with members of the subfamily Twortvirinae of the family Herelleviridae, but it was distinctly separated from the other members, indicating its uniqueness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyemin Kwon
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon Young Park
- Division of Animal and Dairy Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungki Lee
- Biological and Genetic Resources Assessment Division, National Institute of Biological Resources, Incheon, 22689, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Guen Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kyonggi University, Suwon, 16227, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Chang Park
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ye Bin Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam, 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee Eun Han
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine & Institute for Veterinary Biomedical Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ji Hyung Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam, 13120, Republic of Korea.
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Esteban J, Salar-Vidal L, Schmitt BH, Waggoner A, Laurent F, Abad L, Bauer TW, Mazariegos I, Balada-Llasat JM, Horn J, Wolk DM, Jefferis A, Hermans M, Verhoofstad I, Butler-Wu SM, Umali-Wilcox M, Murphy C, Cabrera B, Craft D, von Bredow B, Leber A, Everhart K, Dien Bard J, Flores II, Daly J, Barr R, Holmberg K, Graue C, Kensinger B. Multicenter evaluation of the BIOFIRE Joint Infection Panel for the detection of bacteria, yeast, and AMR genes in synovial fluid samples. J Clin Microbiol 2023; 61:e0035723. [PMID: 37877730 PMCID: PMC10662359 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00357-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The bioMérieux BIOFIRE Joint Infection (JI) Panel is a multiplex in vitro diagnostic test for the simultaneous and rapid (~1 h) detection of 39 potential pathogens and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes directly from synovial fluid (SF) samples. Thirty-one species or groups of microorganisms are included in the kit, as well as several AMR genes. This study, performed to evaluate the BIOFIRE JI Panel for regulatory clearance, provides data from a multicenter evaluation of 1,544 prospectively collected residual SF samples with performance compared to standard-of-care (SOC) culture for organisms or polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing for AMR genes. The BIOFIRE JI Panel demonstrated a sensitivity of 90.9% or greater for all but six organisms and a positive percent agreement (PPA) of 100% for all AMR genes. The BIOFIRE JI Panel demonstrated a specificity of 98.5% or greater for detection of all organisms and a negative percent agreement (NPA) of 95.7% or greater for all AMR genes. The BIOFIRE JI Panel provides an improvement over SOC culture, with a substantially shorter time to result for both organisms and AMR genes with excellent sensitivity/PPA and specificity/NPA, and is anticipated to provide timely and actionable diagnostic information for joint infections in a variety of clinical scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Esteban
- IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, CIBERINFEC-CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Llanos Salar-Vidal
- IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, CIBERINFEC-CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Bryan H. Schmitt
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Amy Waggoner
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jared Horn
- The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Caitlin Murphy
- University of Nebraska Medical Center Omaha, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Barbara Cabrera
- University of Nebraska Medical Center Omaha, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - David Craft
- The Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Amy Leber
- Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | | | | | | | - Judy Daly
- Primary Children’s Hospital, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Rebecca Barr
- Primary Children’s Hospital, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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5
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Sulaiman IM, Miranda N, Hook W, Mendoza J, Kumfert Q, Barnes T, Sung K, Khan S, Nawaz M, Banerjee P, Simpson S, Karem K. A Single-Laboratory Performance Evaluation of MALDI-TOF MS in Rapid Identification of Staphylococcus aureus, Cronobacter sakazakii, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, and Some Closely Related Bacterial Species of Public Health Importance. J AOAC Int 2023; 106:1574-1588. [PMID: 37725340 DOI: 10.1093/jaoacint/qsad109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Staphylococcus is a genus of Gram-positive bacteria, known to cause food poisoning and gastrointestinal illness in humans. Additionally, the emergence of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strains has caused a major health care burden worldwide. Cronobacter is a group of Gram-negative bacteria that can survive in extreme dry conditions. Cronobacter sakazakii is known to contaminate powdered infant formula and cause life-threatening infections in neonates. Vibrio is a genus of human-pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria that can cause foodborne illness by consuming undercooked or raw seafood. Vibrio parahaemolyticus can cause serious gastrointestinal disease in humans. Thus, rapid identification of Staphylococcus spp., Cronobacter spp., and Vibrio spp. is crucial for the source tracking of contaminated food, as well as to measure the transmission dynamics of these bacterial pathogens causing foodborne diseases and outbreaks. OBJECTIVE This single-laboratory performance evaluation study used the VITEK MS system to evaluate the potential of MALDI-TOF MS technology for rapid identification of S. aureus-like, C. sakazakii-like, and V. parahaemolyticus-like isolates of public health importance. METHOD A total of 226 isolates recovered from various food, environmental surveillance samples, and other sources were identified by bioMérieux VITEK 2 and VITEK MS systems as Staphylococcus spp., Cronobacter spp., and Vibrio spp. Five American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) reference Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial isolates were also tested to complete the study. In addition, for some Staphylococcus spp. isolates, whole genome sequencing (WGS) and DNA sequencing of 16S rRNA partial region were also performed for species identification. RESULTS The VITEK MS system was able to provide species identification to all 96 isolates of Staphylococcus spp. and to all 29 isolates of Vibrio spp. examined with a high confidence value (99.9%). Similarly, species identification was observed for the majority of spots (245 of 303) for the 101 Cronobacter spp. isolates (∼82.0%) with a high confidence value (99.9%), and genus level identification was noticed for the rest of the Cronobacter spp. isolates (18.0%; 58 of the 303 spots) analyzed. Species identification data generated by VITEK 2 system were comparable to data obtained by the VITEK MS system. CONCLUSIONS The VITEK MS system is a reliable high-throughput platform that can rapidly identify Staphylococcus, Vibrio, and Cronobacter to the genus level, as well as S. aureus, C. sakazakii, V. parahaemolyticus, and other closely related foodborne isolates and bacterial isolates from additional sources, in most cases. HIGHLIGHTS The VITEK MS system can be used in the rapid genus and species identification of human-pathogenic Staphylococcus spp., Cronobacter spp., and Vibrio spp. isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irshad M Sulaiman
- Microbiological Sciences Branch, Atlanta Human and Animal Food Laboratory, Office of Regulatory Science, Office of Regulatory Affairs, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 60 Eighth Street NE, Atlanta, GA 30309, USA
| | - Nancy Miranda
- Microbiological Sciences Branch, Atlanta Human and Animal Food Laboratory, Office of Regulatory Science, Office of Regulatory Affairs, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 60 Eighth Street NE, Atlanta, GA 30309, USA
| | - Whitney Hook
- Microbiological Sciences Branch, Atlanta Human and Animal Food Laboratory, Office of Regulatory Science, Office of Regulatory Affairs, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 60 Eighth Street NE, Atlanta, GA 30309, USA
| | - Joseph Mendoza
- Microbiological Sciences Branch, Atlanta Human and Animal Food Laboratory, Office of Regulatory Science, Office of Regulatory Affairs, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 60 Eighth Street NE, Atlanta, GA 30309, USA
| | - Quincy Kumfert
- University of California, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Tamayo Barnes
- Microbiological Sciences Branch, Atlanta Human and Animal Food Laboratory, Office of Regulatory Science, Office of Regulatory Affairs, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 60 Eighth Street NE, Atlanta, GA 30309, USA
| | - Kidon Sung
- Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
| | - Saeed Khan
- Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
| | - Mohamed Nawaz
- Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
| | - Pratik Banerjee
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1302 W. Pennsylvania Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Steven Simpson
- Microbiological Sciences Branch, Atlanta Human and Animal Food Laboratory, Office of Regulatory Science, Office of Regulatory Affairs, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 60 Eighth Street NE, Atlanta, GA 30309, USA
| | - Kevin Karem
- Microbiological Sciences Branch, Atlanta Human and Animal Food Laboratory, Office of Regulatory Science, Office of Regulatory Affairs, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 60 Eighth Street NE, Atlanta, GA 30309, USA
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6
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Liang J, Adeleye M, Onyango LA. Combinatorial efficacy of Manuka honey and antibiotics in the in vitro control of staphylococci and their small colony variants. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1219984. [PMID: 37928190 PMCID: PMC10622673 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1219984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Staphylococci are among the list of problematic bacteria contributing to the global antibiotic resistance (ABR) crisis. Their ability to adopt the small colony variant (SCV) phenotype, induced by prolonged antibiotic chemotherapy, complicates staphylococcal infection control options. Novel and alternative approaches are needed to tackle staphylococcal infections and curb ABR. Manuka honey (MH), a non-antibiotic alternative is recognized for its unique antibacterial activity based on its methylglyoxal (MGO) component. Methods In this study, MH (MGO 830+) was tested in combination with gentamicin (GEN), rifampicin (RIF), or vancomycin (VA) against staphylococcal wildtype (WT) and SCVs. To our knowledge, there are no current studies in the literature documenting the effects of MH on staphylococcal SCVs. While Staphylococcus aureus is well-studied for its international ABR burden, limited data exists demonstrating the effects of MH on S. epidermidis and S. lugdunensis whose pathogenic relevance and contribution to ABR is also rising. Results & discussion The three staphylococci were most susceptible to RIF (0.06-0.24 μg/ml), then GEN (0.12-0.49 μg/ml), and lastly VA (0.49-0.96 μg/ml). The MICs of MH were 7%, 7-8%, and 6-7% (w/v), respectively. Fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) evaluations showed that the combined MH + antibiotic effect was either additive (FICI 1-2), or partially synergistic (FICI >0.5-1). While all three antibiotics induced SCVs in vitro, stable SCVs were observed in GEN treatments only. The addition of MH to these GEN-SCV-induction analyses resulted in complete suppression of SCVs (p<0.001) in all three staphylococci, suggesting that MH's antibacterial properties interfered with GEN's SCV induction mechanisms. Moreover, the addition of MH to growth cultures of recovered stable SCVs resulted in the inhibition of SCV growth by at least 99%, indicating MH's ability to prevent subsequent SCV growth. These in vitro analyses demonstrated MH's broad-spectrum capabilities not only in improving WT staphylococci susceptibility to the three antibiotics, but also mitigated the development and subsequent growth of their SCV phenotypes. MH in combination with antibiotics has the potential to not only resensitize staphylococci to antibiotics and consequently require less antibiotic usage, but in instances where prolonged chemotherapy is employed, the development and growth of SCVs would be hampered, providing a better clinical outcome, all of which mitigate ABR.
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Abdurahman MA, Durukan İ, Dinçer T, Pektaş S, Karataş E, Kiliç AO. Staphylococcus aureus Bacteriophage 52 Endolysin Exhibits Anti-Biofilm and Broad Antibacterial Activity Against Gram-Positive Bacteria. Protein J 2023; 42:596-606. [PMID: 37634214 DOI: 10.1007/s10930-023-10145-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Bacteriophage endolysins have been shown to hold great promise as new antibacterial agents for animal and human health in food preservation. In the present study, endolysin from Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus ATCC 27692-B1 bacteriophage 52 (LysSA52) was cloned, expressed, and characterized for its antimicrobial properties. Following DNA extraction from bacteriophage 52, a 1446-bp DNA fragment containing the endolysin gene (lysSA52) was obtained by PCR amplification and cloned into pET SUMO expression vector. The positive clone was validated by sequencing and open-reading frame analysis. The LysSA52 sequence shared high homology with staphylococcal phage endolysins of the SA12, SA13, and DSW2 phages and others. The cloned lysSA52 gene encoding 481 amino acids endolysin was expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 with a calculated molecular mass of 66 kDa (LysSA52). This recombinant endolysin LysSA52 exhibited lytic activity against 8 of 10 Gram-positive bacteria via agar spot-on lawn antimicrobial assay, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus haemolyticus, Streptococcus pneumonia, Streptococcus pyogenes, Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus faecalis, and Bacillus atrophaeus. In addition, the 0.50 mg/mL, LysSA52 endolysins reduced about 60% of the biofilms of S. aureus and S. epidermidis established on a microtiter plate in 12 h treatment. The data from this study indicate that LysSA52 endolysin could be used as an antibacterial protein to prevent and treat infections caused by staphylococci and several other Gram-positive pathogenic bacteria irrespective of their antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mujib Abdulkadir Abdurahman
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, 61080, Turkey
- Department of Microbial, Cellular, and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Science, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - İnci Durukan
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, 61080, Turkey
| | - Tuba Dinçer
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Serap Pektaş
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Ersin Karataş
- Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Patnos Vocational School, Ağrı İbrahim Çeçen University, Ağrı, Turkey
| | - Ali Osman Kiliç
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, 61080, Turkey.
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Balasiu AD, MacKenzie CR. Teicoplanin-Resistant Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci: Do the Current Susceptibility Testing Methods Reliably Detect This Elusive Phenotype? Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12030611. [PMID: 36978478 PMCID: PMC10045118 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12030611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS), members of the skin commensal microbiota, are increasingly associated with local or systemic infections due to a shift in patient populations in recent decades. Subsequently, more CoNS strains have been subjected to antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST), thus leading to the increased detection of teicoplanin resistance. However, data concerning teicoplanin resistance among CoNS strains remain limited, heterogeneous, and inconclusive. We collected 162 consecutive CoNS strains identified using Vitek-2 as teicoplanin-resistant and tested them with a range of AST methods. The results of standard and high inoculum broth microdilution (sBMD; hBMD), agar dilution (AD) after 24 h and 48 h incubation, standard and macrogradient diffusion strip (sGDT, MET), screening agar, and disc diffusion were compared to assess their robustness and to establish a diagnostic algorithm to detect teicoplanin resistance. sBMD was used as the reference method, and the lowest number of strains were teicoplanin-resistant using this method. sGDT and disc diffusion generated similar results to sBMD. Compared with sBMD, AD-24 h generated the lowest number of false teicoplanin-resistant strains, followed by hBMD, AD-48 h, and Vitek-2. sGDT, a fast, easy, affordable method in diagnostic settings, generated the highest rate of false teicoplanin-susceptible strains. Vitek-2 testing produced the highest number of teicoplanin-resistant strains. Only in two strains was the initial Vitek-2 teicoplanin resistance confirmed using five other AST methods. In conclusion, the different antibiotic susceptibility testing methods generated inconsistent, inconclusive, and discrepant results, thus making it difficult to establish a diagnostic algorithm for suspected teicoplanin resistance. Teicoplanin testing proved to be challenging and easily influenced by technical factors. This study aimed not only to raise awareness of teicoplanin resistance testing but also of the need for future studies focusing on the clinical efficacy of teicoplanin in relation to its susceptibility results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana D Balasiu
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Heinrich-Heine University Hospital, 40225 Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Colin R MacKenzie
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Heinrich-Heine University Hospital, 40225 Dusseldorf, Germany
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Akbar M, Haque A, Liaquat S, Schierack P, Ali A. Biofilm Formation by Staphylococcus epidermidis and Its Inhibition Using Carvacrol, 2-Aminobenzemidazole, and 3-Indole Acetonitrile. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:682-687. [PMID: 36643518 PMCID: PMC9835774 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c05893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Biofilm-associated bacterial infections are problematic for physicians due to high antimicrobial resistance in biofilm-forming bacteria. Staphylococcus species, particularly Staphylococcus epidermidis, cause severe infections particularly associated with clinical implants. In this study, we have detected the biofilm formation potential of clinical S. epidermidis isolates using phenotypic and genotypic approaches in nutrient-rich and nutrient-deficient growth conditions. The Congo red agar method determined the biofilm formation potential with limited efficacy. However, the tissue culture plate method adroitly classified the isolates as strong, moderate, weak, and non-biofilm producers with five (10%) of the isolates as strong biofilm producers. Ten biofilm-associated genes were targeted, and the fruA gene was found to be the most prevalent (20%). Three antibiofilm compounds, carvacrol, 2-aminobenzemidazole, and 3-indole acetonitrile, were assessed against strong biofilm-producing S. epidermidis isolates. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of genotypic and phenotypic detection of biofilms formed by clinical S. epidermidis isolates from this region. The use of 3-indole acetonitrile against these biofilms and toluene as a solvent is novel. The study highlights the significance of biofilm and antibiofilm potential of the studied compounds for effective treatment and control of S. epidermidis infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad
Umair Akbar
- Department
of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government
College University, Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
- National
Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College, Pakistan
Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIBGE-C, PIEAS), Jhang Road, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Asma Haque
- Department
of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government
College University, Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Sadia Liaquat
- Department
of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government
College University, Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Peter Schierack
- Institute
of Biotechnology, Brandenburg University
of Technology, Cottbus−Senftenberg, Universitätsplatz 1, Senftenberg D-01968, Germany
| | - Aamir Ali
- National
Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College, Pakistan
Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIBGE-C, PIEAS), Jhang Road, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
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10
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Wright JR, Ly TT, Cromwell KB, Brislawn CJ, Chen See JR, Anderson SLC, Pellegrino J, Peachey L, Walls CY, Lloyd CM, Jones OY, Lawrence MW, Bess JA, Wall AC, Shope AJ, Lamendella R. Assessment of a novel continuous cleaning device using metatranscriptomics in diverse hospital environments. FRONTIERS IN MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY 2023; 5:1015507. [PMID: 36935775 PMCID: PMC10020724 DOI: 10.3389/fmedt.2023.1015507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Despite routine implementation of cleaning and disinfection practices in clinical healthcare settings, high-touch environmental surfaces and contaminated equipment often serve as reservoirs for the transmission of pathogens associated with healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). Methods The current study involved the analysis of high-touch surface swabs using a metatranscriptomic sequencing workflow (CSI-Dx™) to assess the efficacy of cleanSURFACES® technology in decreasing microbial burden by limiting re-contamination. This is a non-human single center study conducted in the Emergency Department (ED) and on an inpatient Oncology Ward of Walter Reed National Military Medical Center that have followed hygienic practices during the COVID-19 pandemic environment. Results Although there was no difference in observed microbial richness (two-tailed Wilcoxon test with Holm correction, P > 0.05), beta diversity findings identified shifts in microbial community structure between surfaces from baseline and post-intervention timepoints (Day 1, Day 7, Day 14, and Day 28). Biomarker and regression analyses identified significant reductions in annotated transcripts for various clinically relevant microorganisms' post-intervention, coagulase-negative staphylococci and Malassezia restricta, at ED and Oncology ward, respectively. Additionally, post-intervention samples predominantly consisted of Proteobacteria and to a lesser extent skin commensals and endogenous environmental microorganisms in both departments. Discussion Findings support the value of cleanSURFACES®, when coupled with routine disinfection practices, to effectively impact on the composition of active microbial communities found on high-touch surfaces in two different patient care areas of the hospital (one outpatient and one inpatient) with unique demands and patient-centered practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin R Wright
- Contamination Source Identification, LLC., Huntingdon, PA, United States
| | - Truc T Ly
- Contamination Source Identification, LLC., Huntingdon, PA, United States
| | - Karen B Cromwell
- Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Colin J Brislawn
- Contamination Source Identification, LLC., Huntingdon, PA, United States
| | - Jeremy R Chen See
- Contamination Source Identification, LLC., Huntingdon, PA, United States
| | | | - Jordan Pellegrino
- Contamination Source Identification, LLC., Huntingdon, PA, United States
| | - Logan Peachey
- Contamination Source Identification, LLC., Huntingdon, PA, United States
| | - Christine Y Walls
- Contamination Source Identification, LLC., Huntingdon, PA, United States
| | - Charise M Lloyd
- Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Olcay Y Jones
- Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Matthew W Lawrence
- Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | | | | | - Alexander J Shope
- Contamination Source Identification, LLC., Huntingdon, PA, United States
- AIONX, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Regina Lamendella
- Contamination Source Identification, LLC., Huntingdon, PA, United States
- Correspondence: Regina Lamendella
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11
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Medis S, Dissanayake T, Kottahachchi J, Namali D, Gunasekara S, Wijesinghe G, Dilrukshi N, Weerasekera M. Biofilm formation and antibiotic resistance among Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus species isolated from central venous catheters of intensive care unit patients. Indian J Med Microbiol 2022; 42:71-76. [PMID: 36400647 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmmb.2022.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study was conducted to determine the biofilm formation of coagulase negative Staphylococcus species (CoNS) isolated from patients with catheter related blood stream infection (CRBSI) and colonized central venous catheters (CVC) and their antibiotic susceptibility patterns and in situ biofilm formation of CVC tips. METHODS Eighty-two CoNS isolated from intensive care unit (ICU) patients with CRBSI (n = 8) or colonized CVC (n = 74) were included. Species identification and antibiotic susceptibility test were done. All isolates were screened for biofilm formation using crystal violet and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl)-2-5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays and categorized as strong or moderate biofilm formers. CVC tips were subjected to crystal violet stain and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to detect in-situ biofilm formation. RESULTS Staphylococcus haemolyticus (n = 34; 41%) was the commonest to cause both CRBSI and CVC colonization. All 82 CoNS produced biofilms. Among them 77 (93.90%) were strong biofilm formers including all from CRBSI patients and 05 (6.10%) were moderate biofilm formers as detected by both methods. SEM showed bacteria adhered to surfaces of CVC tips with microbial-aggregates embedded in extracellular matrix. Mean crystal violet absorbance of CVC from CRBSI patients (0.6628) was significantly higher than colonized CVC (mean value 0.5592) (p = 0.030). S. haemolyticus showed higher resistance to cloxacillin compared to other CoNS (p = 0.039). CONCLUSION Majority of CoNS isolated were strong biofilm formers. In-situ biofilm formation on CVC tips were significantly evident in CRBSI patients compared to CVC colonized patients. S. haemolyticus is the commonest to cause both CRBSI and CVC colonization and shows significantly higher cloxacillin resistance rate.
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Chen PY, Chen CW, Su YJ. Gangrenous cellulitis caused by coagulase‑negative Staphylococcus infection: A case report. MEDICINE INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2:31. [PMID: 36698910 PMCID: PMC9829234 DOI: 10.3892/mi.2022.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A 40-year-old male with a history of alcohol and drug addiction presented with fever for 1 day in the emergency room. He reported the abuse of drugs via intravenous injection and consumed alcohol excessively. Upon arrival to the emergency room, his body temperature was 39.4˚C. Upon a physical examination, generalized skin gangrene over the trunk and four limbs were found. Laboratory tests revealed thrombocytopenia (platelets, 67,000/µl) and elevated C-reactive protein (30.4 mg/dl), creatine kinase (>20,000 IU/l), D-Dimer (>10,000 ng/ml) levels. The urinary drug screen test was positive for ketamine and benzodiazepine. The blood culture on day 4 of admission yielded coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CoNS). The patient was diagnosed with CoNS induced by the venous injection of ketamine. He was admitted and received treatment with parenteral antibiotics with serial debridement due to the progressive necrosis of the skin gangrene. He was discharged 2 months later with clinical improvement. CoNS generally has a symbiotic association with the hosts in the cutaneous ecosystem, which frequently contaminates blood culture and occasionally causes diseases. CoNS should be thus considered opportunistic pathogens rather than contaminants. These organisms can cause occasional infection if the cutaneous organ system has been damaged by trauma, the direct implantation of foreign bodies or inoculation by needles. Predisposing factors for CoNS infections include an older age, immunosuppression and the implantation of medical devices, which may serve as a nidus for CoNS growth. Long-term alcoholism, drug addiction and malnutrition may have caused a decline in the immunity of the patient described herein. To date, at least to the best of our knowledge, there has been no report describing local skin necrosis induced by CoNS infection. In the case in the present study, treatment with parenteral antibiotics and serial debridement was successful. In summary, physicians need to be aware of the potential pathogenicity of CoNS in the skin and soft tissue infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pang-Yen Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 10449, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Institute of Public Health, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University College of Medicine, Taipei 112, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Nursing, Yuanpei University of Medical Technology, Hsinchu 30015, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chien-Wei Chen
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Chiayi Branch, Chiayi 613, Taiwan, R.O.C.,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yu-Jang Su
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 10449, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Nursing, Yuanpei University of Medical Technology, Hsinchu 30015, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City 252, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Mackay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Taipei 25245, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Correspondence to: Dr Yu-Jang Su, Department of Emergency Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, No. 92, Sec 2, North Chung Shan Road, Taipei 10449, Taiwan, R.O.C.
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Yu J, Liu Y, Xu Z. Hand carriage, antimicrobial resistance and molecular characterisation of methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated from gynaecological surgical staff. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2022; 42:3605-3610. [PMID: 36205113 DOI: 10.1080/01443615.2022.2130205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis caused by methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci (MRCoNS) seriously affects the morbidity and mortality of neonates. However, the hand carriage and genotypic diversity of MRCoNS within surgical staff remain unclear in China. In the study, antimicrobial susceptibility tests and genotypic characterisation were applied to MRCoNS. One hundred and one samples were collected from the hands of gynaecological surgical staff. Eighty staphylococcal isolates were identified, of which 75 (94%) were resistant to at least one antibiotic. mecA gene was determined in 50 (62.5%) staphylococcal isolates. Panton-Valentine leukocidin (pvl) and ica genes were determined in 17 (21%) and 12 (15%) staphylococcal isolates, respectively. About 52% of staphylococci carried SCCmec IV and V, followed by SCCmec type I, II, and III (38%). In addition, two new STs types were assigned as ST844 and ST845. The high level of hand MRCoNS colonisation rate in gynaecological surgical staff is of concern, and hand hygiene management should be emphasised among surgical assistants.Impact statementWhat is already known on this subject? Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) are the predominant cause of neonatal sepsis. Exposure to antimicrobial-resistant CoNS might put neonates at increased risk of infection. However, little is known about the carriage and genetic diversity of methicillin-resistant CoNS (MRCoNS) of gynaecological surgeons and surgical assistants.What do the results of this study add? This is the first study on the molecular characterisation of MRCoNS recovered from gynaecological surgeons and surgical assistants in China. MRCoNS carriage rate in surgical assistants was significantly higher than in surgeons. Seventy-five (94%) coagulase-negative staphylococci were resistant to at least one antibiotic. SCCmec I, II and III was the dominant types identified in MRCoNS that were recovered from surgical staff. Fifty (62.5%) staphylococcal isolates that were recovered from surgical staff harboured the mecA gene. Pathogenic clones of MRCoNS were disseminated in surgical staff, and half of mecA-positive Staphylococcus epidermidis harboured the ica gene.What are the implications of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? The high level of hand MRCoNS colonisation rate among gynaecological surgical staff is of concern. The alarming outcome of this study suggested that hygiene measures should be emphasised among gynaecological surgical assistants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yu
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, PR China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, PR China.,Center for International Collaborative Research on Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Yan Liu
- Tianjin Central Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Zhen Xu
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, PR China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, PR China.,Center for International Collaborative Research on Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, PR China
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Exploring the Biofilm Formation Capacity in S. pseudintermedius and Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci Species. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11060689. [PMID: 35745543 PMCID: PMC9229561 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11060689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability of biofilm formation seems to play an important role in the virulence of staphylococci. However, studies reporting biofilm formation of coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated from animals are still very scarce. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the biofilm-forming capacity of CoNS and S. pseudintermedius isolated from several animal species and to investigate the effect of conventional antimicrobials on biofilm reduction. A total of 35 S. pseudintermedius and 192 CoNS were included. Biofilm formation was accessed by the microtiter plate assay and the biofilms were stained by crystal violet. Association between biofilm formation and staphylococci species and antimicrobial resistance was also performed. Biofilm susceptibility testing was performed with tetracycline and amikacin at the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and 10 × MIC. The metabolic activity of the biofilm cells after antimicrobial treatment was accessed by the XTT assay. All isolates formed biofilm, with S. urealyticus producing the most biofilm biomass and S. pseudintermedius producing the least biomass. There was a positive association between biofilm formation and multidrug resistance as well as resistance to individual antimicrobials. Neither tetracycline nor amikacin were able to eradicate the biofilm, not even at the highest concentration used. This study provides new insights into biofilm formation and the effects of antimicrobials on CoNS species.
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15
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Surgical Site Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance After Cesarean Section Delivery in Rural Rwanda. Ann Glob Health 2021; 87:77. [PMID: 34430227 PMCID: PMC8344956 DOI: 10.5334/aogh.3413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: As the volume of surgical cases in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) increases, surgical-site infections (SSIs) are becoming more prevalent with anecdotal evidence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), despite a paucity of data on resistance patterns. Objectives: As a primary objective, this prospective study aimed to describe the epidemiology of SSIs and the associated AMR among women who delivered by cesarean at a rural Rwandan hospital. As secondary objectives, this study also assessed patient demographics, pre- and post-operative antibiotic use, and SSI treatment. Methods: Women who underwent cesarean deliveries at Kirehe District Hospital between September 23rd, 2019, and March 16th, 2020, were enrolled prospectively. On postoperative day (POD) 11 (+/– 3 days), their wounds were examined. When an SSI was diagnosed, a wound swab was collected and sent to the Rwandan National Reference Laboratory for culturing and antibiotic susceptibility testing. Findings: Nine hundred thirty women were enrolled, of whom 795 (85.5%) returned for the POD 11 clinic visit. 45 (5.7%) of the 795 were diagnosed with SSI and swabs were collected from 44 of these 45 women. From these 44 swabs, 57 potential pathogens were isolated. The most prevalent bacteria were coagulase-negative staphylococci (n = 12/57, 20.3% of all isolates), and Acinetobacter baumannii complex (n = 9/57, 15.2%). 68.4% (n = 39) of isolates were gram negative; 86.7% if excluding coagulase-negative staphylococci. No gram-negative pathogens isolated were susceptible to ampicillin, and the vast majority demonstrated intermediate susceptibility or resistance to ceftriaxone (92.1%) and cefepime (84.6%). Conclusions: Bacterial isolates from SSI swab cultures in rural Rwanda predominantly consisted of gram-negative pathogens and were largely resistant to commonly used antibiotics. This raises concerns about the effectiveness of antibiotics currently used for surgical prophylaxis and treatment and may guide the appropriate selection of treatment of SSIs in rural Rwanda and comparable settings.
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In vitro testing of silver-containing spacer in periprosthetic infection management. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17261. [PMID: 34446815 PMCID: PMC8390469 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96811-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Deep infection is a serious complication in endoprosthetic surgery. In correlation to the patient local or systemic compromising factors conservative and surgical proceedings has to be evaluated. Systemic antibiotic therapy is the gold standard in infection management. Implanted silver-coated or silver-containing medical devices have been proven to their antimicrobial effectiveness since the 1990s by several investigators. The outcomes showed that long time implantation could cause damaging of the surrounding tissues, especially of adjacent nerves. The aim of our study was to evaluate the release of silver (I) ions from bone cement mixed with either nanosilver particles (AgNPs), different concentrations of silver sulfate (Ag2SO4) or from pure metallic silver strips. Therefore, we choose two methods: the first, called “static model”, was chosen to evaluate the maximal accumulative concentration of silver (I) ions, with the second, called “dynamic model”, we simulated a continuous reduction of the ions. In an additional test design, the different materials were evaluated for their antimicrobial activity using an agar gel diffusion assay. The outcome showed that neither the addition of 1% (w/w) nanosilver nor 0.1% silver sulfate (w/w) to polymethylmethacrylat bone cement has the ability to release silver (I) ions in a bactericidal/antifungal concentration. However, the results also showed that the addition of 0.5% (w/w) and 1% (w/w) silver sulfate (Ag2SO4) to bone cement is an effective amount of silver for use as a temporary spacer.
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Suepaul S, Georges K, Unakal C, Boyen F, Sookhoo J, Ashraph K, Yusuf A, Butaye P. Determination of the frequency, species distribution and antimicrobial resistance of staphylococci isolated from dogs and their owners in Trinidad. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0254048. [PMID: 34214140 PMCID: PMC8253405 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0254048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The close contact between humans and their dogs can lead to the commingling of staphylococci and the exchange of mobile genetic elements encoding antimicrobial resistance. The objectives of this study were to determine the species distribution and antimicrobial resistance patterns of staphylococci colonizing canine pets and their owners in Trinidad. Staphylococci were isolated from canine pets and their owners and identified using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Antimicrobial susceptibilities were determined using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method against seven classes of antimicrobial agents. A total of 440 staphylococci were isolated from 112 canine pets and their owners, 53.4% were from canine pets and 46.6% were from owners. Twenty-four species were detected, of which, most isolates (32.5%) belonged to the Staphylococcus intermedius group (SIG). S. sciuri was the most common species of coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) comprising 22.3% of all isolates. Antimicrobial resistance was highest against commonly used antimicrobials, such as penicillin (51.4%), tetracycline (26.1%) and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (18.6%). These antimicrobials also comprised the most common multidrug resistance (MDR) combination. Overall, 19.1% of isolates displayed multidrug resistance. No methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates were detected. However, methicillin resistance was detected in 13.3% and 15.1% of coagulase-positive staphylococci (CoPS) and the CoNS+CoVS (combined CoNS and coagulase-variable staphylococci) group respectively. The presence of methicillin-resistant staphylococci is worrisome because there is the potential for the transfer of these strains between dogs and humans. These strains may act as a reservoir of resistance genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharianne Suepaul
- Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
- * E-mail:
| | - Karla Georges
- Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Chandrashekhar Unakal
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Filip Boyen
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jamie Sookhoo
- Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Khalil Ashraph
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Anisah Yusuf
- Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Patrick Butaye
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Ross University, Basseterre, St. Kitts and Nevis
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18
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Suryanegara L, Fatriasari W, Zulfiana D, Anita SH, Masruchin N, Gutari S, Kemala T. Novel antimicrobial bioplastic based on PLA-chitosan by addition of TiO 2 and ZnO. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCE & ENGINEERING 2021; 19:415-425. [PMID: 34150245 PMCID: PMC8172708 DOI: 10.1007/s40201-021-00614-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to develop antimicrobial bioplastics based on Poly Lactic Acid (PLA) with the addition of chitosan-ZnO, and chitosan-TiO2 to improve antimicrobial properties. METHODS For the preparation of the bioplastics, PLA with chitosan-ZnO or chitosan-TiO2 were used. The antimicrobial activity, mechanical and thermal properties, and water vapor permeability of bioplastics were evaluated. RESULTS PLA-chitosan-ZnO indicated a robust antimicrobial activity against bacteria such as Salmonella typhi, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, yeast such as Candida albicans, and fungus Aspergillus niger. No formation of new functional groups in PLA-chitosan-ZnO composites. In comparison to other PLA-based bioplastics, this bioplastic has medium tensile strength, tensile modulus, and elongation percentages with low barrier ability to water vapor. Chitosan-ZnO itself has a greater tensile strength compared to chitosan-TiO2. These two compounds undergo 2 stages of decomposition in a temperature range of 43 °C to 265 °C. The addition of PLA into chitosan-ZnO or chitosan TiO2 causes the bioplastics decomposed in a single stage. It also increases the decomposition temperature of bioplastic. However, compared to chitosan-ZnO or TiO2, the PLA-chitosan-ZnO or TiO2 bioplastics tend to produce a fragile composite indicating by decrease in their tensile strength. CONCLUSION In general, the addition of chitosan-ZnO into in PLA-based bioplastic produces better antimicrobial properties compared to TiO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisman Suryanegara
- Research Center for Biomaterials, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), Jl Raya Bogor KM 46, Bogor, Cibinong 16911 Indonesia
| | - Widya Fatriasari
- Research Center for Biomaterials, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), Jl Raya Bogor KM 46, Bogor, Cibinong 16911 Indonesia
| | - Deni Zulfiana
- Research Center for Biomaterials, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), Jl Raya Bogor KM 46, Bogor, Cibinong 16911 Indonesia
| | - Sita Heris Anita
- Research Center for Biomaterials, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), Jl Raya Bogor KM 46, Bogor, Cibinong 16911 Indonesia
| | - Nanang Masruchin
- Research Center for Biomaterials, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), Jl Raya Bogor KM 46, Bogor, Cibinong 16911 Indonesia
| | - Sesmi Gutari
- Departement of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Tetty Kemala
- Departement of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
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Fahmide F, Ehsani P, Atyabi SM. Time-dependent behavior of the Staphylococcus aureus biofilm following exposure to cold atmospheric pressure plasma. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2021; 24:744-751. [PMID: 34630951 PMCID: PMC8487605 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2021.52541.11866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Objective(s): Formation of Staphylococcus aureus biofilm leads to persistent infection in tissue or on exter-nal and indwelling devices in patients. Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) is used for eradication of bacterial biofilms and it has diverse applications in the healthcare system. However, there is not sufficient information on the behavior of biofilms during the CAP exposure period. Materials and Methods: Pre-established S. aureus biofilms were exposed to CAP for 0 to 360 sec, then subjected to washing steps and sonication. Subsequently, biomass, number of colonies, vitality of bacteria, structure of colonies, size of produced particles, and viability of bacteria were evaluated by different assays including crystal violet, colony-forming unit, MTT, scanning electron mi-croscopy, confocal laser scanning microscopy, and dynamic light scattering assays. Results: The results showed that the strength of biomass increased in the first 60 sec, then decreased to less than no-CAP treated controls. Moreover, short CAP exposure (≤60 sec) ehances the fusion of the biofilm extracellular matrix and other components, which results in preservation of bacteria during ultra-sonication and washing steps compared with control biofilms. The S. aureus biofilm structure only breaks down following more CAP exposure (> 90 sec) and demolition. Interestingly, the 60 sec CAP exposure could cause the fusion of biofilm compo-nents, and large particles are detectable. Conclusion: According to this study, an inadequate CAP exposure period prevents absolute eradication of biofilm and enhances the preservation of bacteria in stronger biofilm compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Foad Fahmide
- Department of Molecular Biology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parastoo Ehsani
- Department of Molecular Biology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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Manandhar S, Singh A, Varma A, Pandey S, Shrivastava N. Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of biofilm producing clinical coagulase negative staphylococci from Nepal and their antibiotic susceptibility pattern. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob 2021; 20:41. [PMID: 34059077 PMCID: PMC8166017 DOI: 10.1186/s12941-021-00447-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) survive as commensals of skin, anterior nares and external canals of human and were regarded as non-infectious pathogens. However, they are emerging as a major cause of nosocomial infectious due to their ability to form biofilms and high resistance to several classes of antibiotics. This study examines the biofilm forming abilities of 214 clinical CNS isolates using phenotypic and genotypic methods, and determines their antibiotic susceptibility patterns. Methods A total of 214 clinical isolates collected from different clinical samples were identified as CNS and their antibiotic susceptibility determined by CLSI guidelines. The biofilm forming ability of all isolates was determined by three phenotypic methods; Congo red agar (CRA) method, tube adherence method (TM) and tissue culture plate (TCP) method and by genotypic method for the detection of icaAD genes. Results Among all the isolates, S. epidermidis (57.5%) was found the most frequently, followed by S. saprophyticus (18.7%), S. haemolyticus (11.2%), S. hominis (7%), and S. capitis (5.6%). Antibiotic susceptibility pattern demonstrated 91.6% isolates were resistant to penicillin and 66.8% to cefoxitin while 91.1% isolates were susceptible to chloramphenicol. Constitutive and inducible clindamycin resistant phenotype as measured by D-test was seen among 28% and 14.5% of isolates respectively. Tissue culture plate method detected biofilm production in 42.1% isolate followed by 31.8% through tube method while 20.1% isolates were found to produce slime in Congo red agar method. The genotypic assay revealed presence of icaA and icaD genes in 19.2% isolates. Conclusion The study shows a high prevalence of biofilm formation and inducible clindamycin resistance in CNS isolates, indicating the importance of in-vitro biofilm production test and D-test in routine laboratory diagnostics. Implementation of efficient diagnostic techniques for detection of biofilm production in clinical samples can help manage staphylococcal infections and minimize risks of treatment failures in hospitals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarita Manandhar
- Tri-Chandra Multiple College, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal. .,Amity Institute of Microbial Technology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, UP, 201303, India.
| | - Anjana Singh
- Central Department of Microbiology, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Ajit Varma
- Amity Institute of Microbial Technology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, UP, 201303, India
| | - Shanti Pandey
- The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, 39406, USA
| | - Neeraj Shrivastava
- Amity Institute of Microbial Technology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, UP, 201303, India.
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Topić N, Cenov A, Jozić S, Glad M, Mance D, Lušić D, Kapetanović D, Mance D, Vukić Lušić D. Staphylococcus aureus-An Additional Parameter of Bathing Water Quality for Crowded Urban Beaches. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18105234. [PMID: 34069077 PMCID: PMC8156458 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18105234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
During the last years, the report of the occurrence of waterborne disease symptoms related to non-enteric pathogens has increased, without any record of higher levels of indicator bacteria (Escherichia coli and intestinal enterococci). Therefore, the use of current indicators is not always adequate when assessing the overall potential health risk and the inclusion of additional parameters needs to be examined. This paper reports on the incidence and levels of Staphylococcus aureus at 258 locations in Primorje-Gorski Kotar County (Croatia) recorded by official bathing water quality monitoring, as well as supplemental monitoring carried out at the two most frequented beaches in the City of Rijeka. The number of bathers was found to be the main factor affecting S. aureus levels (r = 0.321, p < 0.05). The share of S. aureus positive samples from the official monitoring was significantly lower, when compared to the share of samples from supplemental monitoring (2.2% and 36.3%, respectively; p < 0.01). Besides the number of bathers, one of the main reasons is likely the higher sampling frequency. No correlation was found between S. aureus levels and the indicator bacteria. The results indicate that the determination of S. aureus and increased sampling frequency is recommended for overcrowded beaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Topić
- Department of Environmental Health, Teaching Institute of Public Health of Primorje-Gorski Kotar County, Krešimirova 52a, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia; (N.T.); (A.C.); (M.G.); (D.V.L.)
| | - Arijana Cenov
- Department of Environmental Health, Teaching Institute of Public Health of Primorje-Gorski Kotar County, Krešimirova 52a, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia; (N.T.); (A.C.); (M.G.); (D.V.L.)
| | - Slaven Jozić
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, P.O. Box 500, 21000 Split, Croatia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +385-(0)-2140-8052
| | - Marin Glad
- Department of Environmental Health, Teaching Institute of Public Health of Primorje-Gorski Kotar County, Krešimirova 52a, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia; (N.T.); (A.C.); (M.G.); (D.V.L.)
| | - Diana Mance
- Department of Physics, University of Rijeka, Radmile Matejčić 2, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia;
| | - Dražen Lušić
- Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Braće Branchetta 20, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia;
- Faculty of Health Studies, University of Rijeka, Viktora Cara Emina 5, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Damir Kapetanović
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Bijenička Cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Davor Mance
- Faculty of Economics, University of Rijeka, Ivana Filipovića 4, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia;
| | - Darija Vukić Lušić
- Department of Environmental Health, Teaching Institute of Public Health of Primorje-Gorski Kotar County, Krešimirova 52a, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia; (N.T.); (A.C.); (M.G.); (D.V.L.)
- Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Braće Branchetta 20, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia;
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Microbial community compositions in breast implant biofilms associated with contracted capsules. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0249261. [PMID: 33831065 PMCID: PMC8031459 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0249261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Subclinical bacterial infections (biofilms) are strongly implicated in breast augmentation failure due to capsular contracture, and while these infections are generally ascribed to common skin commensals, this remains largely unsubstantiated through robust cultivation independent analyses. To determine capsule biofilm microbial community compositions, we employed amplicon sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene using DNA extracted from breast implant capsule samples. These cultivation independent analyses revealed that capsule associated biofilms are more diverse than canonical single-species infections, but have relatively low diversity (~ <100 species) compared to many host-associated microbial communities. In addition to taxa commonly associated with capsular contracture, the biofilms analyzed comprised a number of taxa that escaped detection in cultivation-dependent work. We have also isolated several key taxa identified through the culture-independent analyses. Together our analyses reveal that capsule biofilms are more diverse than cultivation studies suggest and can be heterogeneous within an individual capsule, between breasts of the same patient, across similar implant types, and over a range in severity of contracture. The complex nature of these communities requires further study across a broader suite of patients in addition to higher resolution analyses including metagenomics to better assess the fundamental role of microorganisms in capsular contracture.
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Ashagrie D, Genet C, Abera B. Vancomycin-resistant enterococci and coagulase-negative staphylococci prevalence among patients attending at Felege Hiwot Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0249823. [PMID: 33831089 PMCID: PMC8031390 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0249823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Vancomycin resistant enterococci (VRE) and vancomycin resistance coagulase negative staphylococci (VRCoNS) are common pathogens causing difficult to treat health care associated infections (HAI). Hence, the World Health Organization listed VRE as one of the high priority pathogens for new antibiotic discovery and antimicrobial resistance surveillance. Despite this, data on the prevalence of VRE and VRCoNS in Ethiopia is scarce. Thus, the present study determined prevalence of VRE and VRCoNS among patients attending Felege-Hiwot comprehensive specialized hospital, Ethiopia. Methods A hospital based cross-sectional study was conducted on 384 patients selected conveniently from February to March 2020. Data on demographic and clinical variables were collected using a structured questionnaire by face-to-face interview. Simultaneously urine, venous blood and wound swab were collected and processed following standard bacteriological technique. Antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed by minimum inhibitory concentration method using E-test for vancomycin and Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method for other classes of antibiotics. Data was entered and analyzed using SPSS version 23. Logistic regression was performed to identify factors associated with VRE infection. P. value < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results The prevalence of enterococci and CoNS were 6.8% and 12% respectively. The prevalence of VRE was 34.61% (9/26), while all CoNS (46 isolates) were susceptible to vancomycin. The majority (66.7%) of VRE was isolated from blood samples. Furthermore all VRE (100%), 58.8% of vancomycin susceptible enterococci and 45.7% of CoNS were multidrug resistant (MDR). Having educational level of secondary school and below (AOR = 12.80, CI = 1.149–142.5), previous exposure to catheterization (AOR = 56.0, CI = 4.331–724.0) and previous antibiotic use practice (AOR = 26.25, CI = 3.041–226.2) were a significant associated explanatory factor for VRE infection. Conclusions The prevalence of vancomycin resistance enterococci, which is also multidrug resistant, was significantly high. Though no vancomycin resistance CoNS detected, the MDR level of CoNS was high. Thus to limit enterococci and CoNS infections and MDR development, focused infection prevention measures should be implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Degu Ashagrie
- Diagnostic Medical Laboratory Unit, Felege-Hiwot Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Chalachew Genet
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine and Health Science, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
- * E-mail:
| | - Bayeh Abera
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine and Health Science, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
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Cole K, Atkins B, Llewelyn M, Paul J. Genomic investigation of clinically significant coagulase-negative staphylococci. J Med Microbiol 2021; 70. [PMID: 33704043 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction. Coagulase-negative staphylococci have been recognized both as emerging pathogens and contaminants of clinical samples. High-resolution genomic investigation may provide insights into their clinical significance.Aims. To review the literature regarding coagulase-negative staphylococcal infection and the utility of genomic methods to aid diagnosis and management, and to identify promising areas for future research.Methodology. We searched Google Scholar with the terms (Staphylococcus) AND (sequencing OR (infection)). We prioritized papers that addressed coagulase-negative staphylococci, genomic analysis, or infection.Results. A number of studies have investigated specimen-related, phenotypic and genetic factors associated with colonization, infection and virulence, but diagnosis remains problematic.Conclusion. Genomic investigation provides insights into the genetic diversity and natural history of colonization and infection. Such information allows the development of new methodologies to identify and compare relatedness and predict antimicrobial resistance. Future clinical studies that employ suitable sampling frames coupled with the application of high-resolution whole-genome sequencing may aid the development of more discriminatory diagnostic approaches to coagulase-staphylococcal infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Cole
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, UK.,Public Health England Collaborating Centre, Royal Sussex County Hospital, Brighton, UK
| | | | - Martin Llewelyn
- Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust, Brighton, UK.,Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, UK
| | - John Paul
- Public Health England Collaborating Centre, Royal Sussex County Hospital, Brighton, UK.,Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, UK
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The Effects of Dietary Supplementation of Lactococcus lactis Strain Plasma on Skin Microbiome and Skin Conditions in Healthy Subjects-A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9030563. [PMID: 33803200 PMCID: PMC8000884 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9030563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Lactococcus lactis strain Plasma (LC-Plasma) is a unique strain which directly activates plasmacytoid dendritic cells, resulting in the prevention against broad spectrum of viral infection. Additionally, we found that LC-Plasma intake stimulated skin immunity and prevents Staphylococcus aureus epicutaneous infection. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of LC-Plasma dietary supplementation on skin microbiome, gene expression in the skin, and skin conditions in healthy subjects. (2) Method: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group trial was conducted. Seventy healthy volunteers were enrolled and assigned into two groups receiving either placebo or LC-Plasma capsules (approximately 1 × 1011 cells/day) for 8 weeks. The skin microbiome was analyzed by NGS and qPCR. Gene expression was analyzed by qPCR and skin conditions were diagnosed by dermatologists before and after intervention. (3) Result: LC-Plasma supplementation prevented the decrease of Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus pasteuri and overgrowth of Propionibacterium acnes. In addition, LC-Plasma supplementation suggested to increase the expression of antimicrobial peptide genes but not tight junction genes. Furthermore, the clinical scores of skin conditions were ameliorated by LC-Plasma supplementation. (4) Conclusions: Our findings provided the insights that the dietary supplementation of LC-Plasma might have stabilizing effects on seasonal change of skin microbiome and skin conditions in healthy subjects.
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Biofilm-Formation Ability and the Presence of Adhesion Genes in Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci Isolates from Chicken Broilers. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11030728. [PMID: 33800098 PMCID: PMC7999041 DOI: 10.3390/ani11030728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Bacteria of the genus Staphylococcus are universally present on the mucous membranes and skin of warm-blooded animals. They are divided into two groups on the basis of their ability to clot blood plasma: the coagulase-positive (CoPS) and coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS). Some species can cause opportunistic infections in poultry. Identification and characterization of strains of the genus Staphylococcus isolated from farm animals are crucial in epidemiological research and for developing effective methods to treat infections and food poisoning induced by these bacteria. The main virulence factor of coagulase-negative staphylococci is considered to be their ability to form complex biofilm structures on the surfaces of damaged tissues. Biofilms increase the invasive properties of CoNS and their ability to cause infection. The purpose of this study was to determine the biofilm-forming potential of coagulase-negative Staphylococcus strains isolated from poultry. The frequency of selected genes potentially playing a role in the biofilm formation process was also determined. The results of the study indicate that the majority (79.3%) of CoNS isolated from broiler chickens in this study were capable of producing a biofilm. Abstract The aim of the study was to analyze the biofilm-production capacity of 87 coagulase-negative Staphylococcus strains (CoNS) isolated from broiler chickens and to determine the occurrence of biofilm-associated genes. The biofilm production capacity of staphylococci was assessed using the microtiter plate method (MTP), and the frequency of genes was determined by PCR. The ability to form a biofilm in vitro was shown in 79.3% of examined strains. Strong biofilm capacity was demonstrated in 26.4% of strains, moderate capacity in 25.3%, weak capacity in 27.6%, and a complete lack of biofilm production capacity in 20.7% of strains. The icaAB gene responsible for the production of extracellular polysaccharide adhesins was detected in 6.9% of strains. The other four genes, i.e., bap (encoding biofilm-associated protein), atlE (encoding cell surface protein exhibiting vitronectin-binding activity), fbe (encoding fibrinogen-binding protein), and eno (encoding laminin-binding protein) were detected in 5.7%, 19.5%, 8%, and 70.1% of strains, respectively. Demonstration of genes that play a role in bacterial biofilm formation may serve as a genetic basis to distinguish between symbiotic and potentially invasive coagulase-negative staphylococcal strains.
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Preda M, Mihai MM, Popa LI, Dițu LM, Holban AM, Manolescu LSC, Popa GL, Muntean AA, Gheorghe I, Chifiriuc CM, Popa MI. Phenotypic and genotypic virulence features of staphylococcal strains isolated from difficult-to-treat skin and soft tissue infections. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0246478. [PMID: 33529240 PMCID: PMC7853507 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic infections represent an important burden on the healthcare system and have a significant impact on the patients’ quality of life. While Staphylococcus spp. are commensal bacteria, they can become pathogenic, leading to various types of infections. In this study we aimed to characterize the virulence profiles of staphylococcal strains involved in difficult-to-treat skin and soft tissue infections, from both phenotypic and genotypic points of view. Phenotypic ability of the strains to secrete soluble virulence factors was assessed by a culturing dependent assay and their capacity to develop biofilms on inert substrate was screened by an adapted crystal violet microtiter method. We also tested the presence of several virulence genes by PCR. Most of the studied strains were isolated from purulent secretions of acne lesions and frequently secreted two or three soluble virulence factors. Most frequently secreted soluble virulence factors were caseinase (89%), lipase (71%) and lecithinase (67%). Almost half of the strains produced a well-represented biofilm. The molecular characterization showed the presence of the genes cna, hlg, clfA, and clfB. Staphylococcal strains that produce difficult-to-treat skin and soft tissue infections seem to be characterized by an enhanced ability to produce different soluble virulence factors and to develop biofilms in vitro. Further studies need to be developed in other Staphylococcus spp. infections in order to confirm this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mădălina Preda
- Department of Microbiology, Parasitology and Virology, Faculty of Midwives and Nursing, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
- ‘Cantacuzino’ National Medico-Military Research and Development Institute, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mara Mădălina Mihai
- Department of Oncologic Dermatology, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Dermatology, ‘Elias’ University Emergency Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
- * E-mail: (MMM); (LIP)
| | - Laura Ioana Popa
- Department of Bioinformatics, The National Institute of Research and Development for Biological Sciences, Bucharest, Romania
- Research Institute of the University of Bucharest (ICUB), Bucharest, Romania
- * E-mail: (MMM); (LIP)
| | - Lia-Mara Dițu
- Research Institute of the University of Bucharest (ICUB), Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alina Maria Holban
- Research Institute of the University of Bucharest (ICUB), Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Loredana Sabina Cornelia Manolescu
- Department of Microbiology, Parasitology and Virology, Faculty of Midwives and Nursing, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Gabriela-Loredana Popa
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - Irina Gheorghe
- Research Institute of the University of Bucharest (ICUB), Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Carmen Mariana Chifiriuc
- Research Institute of the University of Bucharest (ICUB), Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mircea-Ioan Popa
- ‘Cantacuzino’ National Medico-Military Research and Development Institute, Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
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Licari L, Viola S, Carolla C, Campanella S, Salamone G. Evidence-Based Strategies to Promote Long-Term Cardiac Implant Site Health: Review of the Literature. Cureus 2021; 13:e13027. [PMID: 33665051 PMCID: PMC7924010 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.13027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) are commonly used nowadays. The association between CIED placement and infections is responsible for the high mortality and device explantation rate. Since CIED placement has increased in the past decade, CIED-related complications have risen. In order to reduce the CIED-related complications rate, the prevention of device infection represents the main goal. Over time, many different studies have proven the importance of the measures to prevent CIED-related infections. This review aims to collect the actual recommendations for CIED infection prevention, providing an overview of the main evidence-based strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leo Licari
- Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, ITA
| | - Simona Viola
- Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, Palermo, ITA
| | - Claudia Carolla
- Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, Policlinico Universitario P. Giaccone, University of Palermo, Palermo, ITA
| | - Sofia Campanella
- Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, Policlinico Universitario P. Giaccone, University of Palermo, Palermo, ITA
| | - Giuseppe Salamone
- Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, Policlinico Universitario P. Giaccone, University of Palermo, Palermo, ITA
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Koibuchi H, Fujii Y, Sato’o Y, Mochizuki T, Yamada T, Cui L, Taniguchi N. Inhibitory effects of ultrasound irradiation on Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilm. J Med Ultrason (2001) 2021; 48:439-448. [PMID: 34410547 PMCID: PMC8578078 DOI: 10.1007/s10396-021-01120-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We aimed to investigate whether low-intensity continuous and pulsed wave ultrasound (US) irradiation can inhibit the formation of Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilms, for potential application in the treatment of catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSI). METHODS S. epidermidis biofilms that formed on the bottom surfaces of 6-well plates were irradiated on the bottom surface using the sound cell incubator system for different intervals of time. RESULTS US irradiation with continuous waves for 24 h notably inhibited biofilm formation (p < 0.01), but the same US irradiation for 12 h had no remarkable effect. Further, double US irradiation with pulsed waves for 20 min inhibited biofilm formation by 33.6%, nearly two-fold more than single US irradiation, which reduced it by 17.9%. CONCLUSION US irradiation of a lower intensity (ISATA = 6-29 mW/cm2) than used in a previous study and lower than recommended by the Food and Drug Administration shows potential for preventing CRBSI caused by bacterial biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harumi Koibuchi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji Shimotsuke-Shi, Tochigi, 329-0498 Japan
| | - Yasutomo Fujii
- Department of Human Health Science, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yusuke Sato’o
- Division of Bacteriology, Department of Infection and Immunity, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | | | - Toshiyuki Yamada
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji Shimotsuke-Shi, Tochigi, 329-0498 Japan
| | - Longzhu Cui
- Division of Bacteriology, Department of Infection and Immunity, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Taniguchi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji Shimotsuke-Shi, Tochigi, 329-0498 Japan
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Bhooshan S, Negi V, Khatri PK. Staphylococcus pseudintermedius: an undocumented, emerging pathogen in humans. GMS HYGIENE AND INFECTION CONTROL 2020; 15:Doc32. [PMID: 33391967 PMCID: PMC7745645 DOI: 10.3205/dgkh000367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The first infections of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius in humans were recorded in 2006, and is now becoming a concern because of its close similarities to human pathogens in the Staphylococcusintermedius group (SIG). These bacteria have all the properties which a multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus possesses. The literature was searched using the term “Staphylococcus pseudintermedius” in PubMed and other reference databases. The virulence factor and the pathogenicity are under investigation, but reports have suggested that this commensal of animals is transmitted easily via close contact to animals by owners, veterinarians and staff. Resistance to beta-lactams (including methicillin) is a primary concern. Drug resistance to methicillin is a considerable problem in developing countries, as antibiotic use is not regulated. Studies from Europe have reported multidrug resistant isolates from clinical specimens. Although data on drug resistance and pathogenesis of S. pseudintermedius are not sufficient, it is extremely important to identify the pathogen correctly. Only then can its pathogenesis be studied during the course of disease and appropriate measures developed to prevent it becoming a global problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suneel Bhooshan
- Department of Microbiology Dr. S. N. Medical College, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Vikrant Negi
- Department of Microbiology, Government Medical College, Haldwani Nainital, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Prabhat K Khatri
- Department of Microbiology Dr. S. N. Medical College, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
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Moreto R, Cyrino FV, Jorge R. Use of an ultra-clean air flow for surgical field asepsis when performing intravitreous injections in an ambulatory surgical environment. Int J Retina Vitreous 2020; 6:57. [PMID: 33292734 PMCID: PMC7678144 DOI: 10.1186/s40942-020-00258-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Intravitreal injection of medications is one of the most common procedures performed in ophthalmology. Intravitreal anti-VEGF agents are currently the chosen treatment for ocular fundus diseases, including age-related macular degeneration and diabetic retinopathy. As an invasive procedure it involves risks. The most serious complication from intravitreal injection of anti-VEGF agents is endophthalmitis (EO). Although rare, EO can result in devastating loss of vision. This article evaluates whether the use of an ultra-clean air flow (UA) can be another useful tool in the prevention of EOs. Accordingly, the maintenance of asepsis of the surgical field of intravitreal injections was verified with and without the use of UA. Methods The study was conducted in operating room of an ambulatory surgery center on four different surgical days when just intravitreal injections were scheduled. Two experiments using two Blood Agar and two Chocolate Agar plates (first 2 days; 4 plates by day) were carried out by positioning an UA directed to the surgical table and two other experiments (last 2 days; 4 plates per day) were carried out using similar plates without the use of the UA. All Blood Agar and four Chocolate Agar plates were positioned on the surgical table, close to the surgical filed. At the end of the day, after the conclusion of the intravitreous injections, the plates were sent for a biomolecular study that was carried out after 1 day of incubation at 37 °C. Results The sixteen plates, eight Blood Agar and eight Chocolate Agar, were analyzed qualitatively for the growth or not of microorganism’s colonies and identification of their species. The biomolecular study demonstrated the growth of bacteria of the genus Micrococcus sp. with the use of the UA and without the the UA bacterias of the genera Bacillus sp, Staphylococcus haemolyticus, Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus cohnii ssp urealyticus were found. Conclusion The use of UA close to the operating table prevented the growth of pathogenic bacteria and should be considered as an alternative tool to avoid the contamination of materials and drugs used for intravitreal injections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Moreto
- Ophthalmology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-990, Brazil.
| | - Francyne Veiga Cyrino
- Ophthalmology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-990, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Jorge
- Ophthalmology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-990, Brazil
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Heat resistance and presence of genes encoding staphylococcal enterotoxins evaluated by multiplex-PCR of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from pasteurized camel milk. Biosci Rep 2020; 39:220806. [PMID: 31722014 PMCID: PMC6851523 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20191225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Milk pasteurization eliminates vegetative pathogenic microorganisms and reduces microorganisms associated with spoilage. Camel milk is a well-accepted, traditionally consumed food in Arab countries. The present study aimed to investigate the microflora of pasteurized camel milk sold in Riyadh City, Saudi Arabia. The heat resistance of the microflora was tested in culture medium and lab-sterilized milk, and its composition was verified by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using specific primers. Further verification was performed by using separate specific primers. The identified strain survived heat treatment at 65, 72, 80, 85, and 90°C for 30, 15, 10, 5, and 2 min, respectively. An unanticipated result was obtained when an enterotoxin producing strain of Staphylococcus aureus showed abnormal resistance to heat treatment. The enterotoxin gene within the PCR fragment was identified as enterotoxin C by DNA sequencing. During Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) analysis, the isolated enterotoxin C genes showed >99% similarity to published database sequences of the Staphylococcus aureus strain SAI48 staphylococcal enterotoxin C variant v4 (sec) gene. The decimal reduction value (D-value) at 90°C (D90) was determined after 10 s. This is the first time to report this abnormally heat resistant and enterotoxin-producing strain of Staphylococcus aureus. The use of ultra-high temperatures (UHTs) is preferable for reducing or killing bacteria in camel milk, especially if this problem is encountered in many camel milk factories.
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Shrestha LB, Bhattarai NR, Rai K, Khanal B. Antibiotic Resistance and mecA Gene Characterization of Coagulase-negative Staphylococci Isolated from Clinical Samples in Nepal. Infect Drug Resist 2020; 13:3163-3169. [PMID: 32982331 PMCID: PMC7501466 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s274163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Coagulase-negative Staphylococci (CoNS) are a significant cause of hospital-acquired and foreign-body-related infections. We conducted this research to assess methicillin susceptibility of CoNS by disc diffusion, agar dilution, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods and to assess the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern. Methods We received 123 CoNS isolates from different specimens including blood, endotracheal tube, and central venous catheter. We performed sample processing, identification, and characterization following standard guidelines. Antimicrobial susceptibility was tested based on clinical and laboratory standards institute guidelines. We detected methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci (MRCoNS) through mecA gene, disc diffusion method, and agar dilution method and compared the accuracy with PCR as reference. Results We detected eight species of CoNS with Staphylococcus epidermidis as the most common. Most of the samples were received from the intensive care unit and blood was the dominant specimen followed by endotracheal-tube aspirate. Seventy-one percentage of isolates were methicillin-resistant by PCR method; disc diffusion and agar dilution method detected methicillin resistance with an accuracy of 96.7% and 98.3%, respectively. Antimicrobial susceptibility revealed an association between the different origins of samples, and also among the types of sample. Similarly, a comparison of the degree of resistance of antimicrobial agents between mecA gene positive and negative isolates showed significant differences. Vancomycin, linezolid, and teicoplanin are still effective for treating MRCoNS. Conclusion CoNS are a crucial cause of human infections especially in an intensive care unit setup where the use of devices is common. Disc diffusion and agar dilution are reliable for the detection of MRCoNS. The degree of antimicrobial resistance is much higher in organisms obtained from intensive care unit and foreign-body-related infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lok Bahadur Shrestha
- Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, B. P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Sunsari 56700, Nepal
| | - Narayan Raj Bhattarai
- Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, B. P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Sunsari 56700, Nepal
| | - Keshav Rai
- Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, B. P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Sunsari 56700, Nepal
| | - Basudha Khanal
- Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, B. P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Sunsari 56700, Nepal
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Luque-Oliveros M. Bacteremia in the red blood cells obtained from the cell saver in patients submitted to heart surgery. Rev Lat Am Enfermagem 2020; 28:e3337. [PMID: 32876294 PMCID: PMC7458575 DOI: 10.1590/1518-8345.3092.3337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE to determine the microbiological characteristics of the red blood cells obtained with the cell saver in heart surgery patients on an extra-body circuit. METHOD a cross-sectional and descriptive study conducted with 358 patients scheduled for heart surgery where the saver was used. Sociodemographic variables were collected, as well as from the saver and of the microbial identification in the re-infusion bag proceeding from the cell saver. Informed consent performed. RESULTS of the 170 GRAM+ bacteria isolations, the most frequent species were Staphylococcus epidermidis in 69% (n=138) of the cases and Streptococcus sanguinis with a report of 10% (n=20). Significant differences were found in the Staphylococcus epidermidis strain in patients with a Body Mass Index ≥25 (p=0.002) submitted to valve surgery (p=0.001). Vancomycin was the antimicrobial which resisted the Staphylococcus epidermidis strain with a minimum inhibitory concentration of >16 µg/ml. CONCLUSION the microbiological characteristics of the red blood cells obtained after processing autologic blood recovered with the cell saver during heart surgery are of GRAM+ bacterial origin, the most isolated species being Staphylococcus epidermidis. Consequently, in order to reduce the presence of these GRAM+ cocci, an antibiotic should be added to the cell saver reservoir, according to a previously established protocol.
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Abdel-Moein KA, Zaher HM. The Nasal Carriage of Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci Among Animals and Its Public Health Implication. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2020; 20:897-902. [PMID: 32857680 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2020.2656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The research scope toward nasal colonization of coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) in animals is largely ignored for many years. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the nasal carriage of CoNS among different animals and its public health implication. Materials and Methods: Nasal swabs were gathered from 152 animals (36 cats, 31 dogs, 29 sheep, 32 goats, and 24 cattle). These samples were subjected for isolation and identification of CoNS by conventional bacteriological methods, then molecular confirmation was carried out using Staphylococcus genus-specific 16S rRNA PCR. All CoNS isolates were screened for the presence of antibiotic resistance (mecA and blaZ) and virulence (lukS/F-PV and tsst-1) genes. Moreover, strains carrying resistance and/or virulence genes were identified to species level by 16S rRNA gene sequencing approach. Results: CoNS were identified in 14.5% (22/152) of the examined animals, whereas the prevalence rates among different animals were 27.8%, 3.2%, 8.3%, 10.3%, and 18.8% for cats, dogs, cattle, sheep, and goats, respectively. Of all isolates, two strains (Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus warneri) harbored mecA gene, which carried on staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec type I in S. epidermidis and type V in S. warneri, while blaZ gene has been found in one strain (Staphylococcus felis). Importantly, two isolates (S. epidermidis and S. felis) had tsst-1 gene but all of CoNS isolates were negative for Panton-Valentine leukocidin gene. The phylogenetic analysis of the obtained sequences of CoNS of the current study revealed high similarity to those of serious human clinical cases to underscore the public health significance of such isolates. Conclusion: The nasal carriage of antibiotic-resistant and toxigenic CoNS among different animals highlights the potential zoonotic link with great public health implication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled A Abdel-Moein
- Department of Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hala M Zaher
- Department of Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Michalik M, Samet A, Podbielska-Kubera A, Savini V, Międzobrodzki J, Kosecka-Strojek M. Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) as a significant etiological factor of laryngological infections: a review. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob 2020; 19:26. [PMID: 32498711 PMCID: PMC7271473 DOI: 10.1186/s12941-020-00367-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This review article shows that coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) are widely responsible for laryngological diseases. General characteristics of CoNS infections are shown in the introduction, and the pathogenicity in terms of virulence determinants, biofilm formation and genetic regulation mechanisms of these bacteria is presented in the first part of the paper to better display the virulence potential of staphylococci. The PubMed search keywords were as follows: CoNS and: nares infections, nasal polyps, rhinosinusitis, necrosing sinusitis, periprosthetic joint infection, pharyngitis, osteomyelitis of skull and neck bones, tonsillitis and recurrent tonsillitis. A list of laryngological infections and those related to skull and neck bones was presented with descriptions of the following diseases: rhinosinusitis, necrotizing sinusitis, nasal polyps, nares and nasal skin infections, periprosthetic joint infections, osteomyelitis, pharyngitis, and tonsillitis. Species identification and diagnostic problems challenging for diagnosticians are presented. Concluding remarks regarding the presence of CoNS in humans and their distribution, particularly under the effect of facilitating factors, are mentioned.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Vincenzo Savini
- Clinical Microbiology and Virology, Spirito Santo Hospital, Pescara, PE, Italy
| | - Jacek Międzobrodzki
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Maja Kosecka-Strojek
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland.
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Aljahani A, Alarjani K, Hassan Z, Elkhadragy M, Ismail E, Al-Masoud A, Yehia H. Molecular detection of methicillin heat-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains in pasteurized camel milk in Saudi Arabia. Biosci Rep 2020; 40:BSR20193470. [PMID: 32202302 PMCID: PMC7167254 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20193470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic- and heat-resistant bacteria in camel milk is a potential public health problem. Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is an opportunistic pathogen in humans, dairy cattle and camels. We characterized the phenotype and genotype of methicillin-resistant staphylococcal strains recovered from pasteurized and raw camel milk (as control) distributed in the retail markets of Saudi Arabia. Of the 100 samples assessed between March and May 2016, 20 S. aureus isolates were recovered from pasteurized milk, 10 of which were resistant to cefoxitin, and as such, were methicillin-resistant. However, raw camel milk did not contain methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). Antimicrobial susceptibility tests showed that the resistance ratio for other antibiotics was 60%. We performed a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay using primers for the methicillin-resistant gene mecA and nucleotide sequencing to detect and verify the methicillin-resistant strains. Basic local alignment search tool (BLAST) analysis of the gene sequences showed a 96-100% similarity between the resistant isolates and the S. aureus CS100 strain's mecA gene. Ten of the methicillin-resistant isolates were heat-resistant and were stable at temperatures up to 85°C for 60 s, and three of these were resistant at 90°C for 60 or 90 s. The mean decimal reduction time (D85-value) was 111 s for the ten isolates. Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) showed that there was no difference in the total protein profiles for the ten methicillin heat-resistant S. aureus (MHRSA) isolates and for S. aureus ATCC 29737. In conclusion, a relatively high percentage of the tested pasteurized camel milk samples contained S. aureus (20%) and MHRSA (10%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Amani H. Aljahani
- Department of Physical Sport Science, Nutrition and Food Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khaloud M. Alarjani
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zeinab K. Hassan
- Cancer Biology Department, Virology and Immunolgy Unit, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Manal F. Elkhadragy
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo 11790, Egypt
| | - Elsayed A. Ismail
- Department of Dairy Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Benha 13518, Egypt
| | - Abdulrahman H. Al-Masoud
- Food Science and Nutrition Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hany M. Yehia
- Food Science and Nutrition Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Food Science and Nutrition Department, Faculty of Home Economics, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
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Yehia HM, Al-Masoud AH, Alarjani KM, Alamri MS. Prevalence of methicillin-resistant (mecA gene) and heat-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains in pasteurized camel milk. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:5947-5963. [PMID: 32359985 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-17631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a significant opportunistic pathogen in humans, dairy cattle, and camels. The presence of antibiotic-resistant and heat-resistant bacteria in camel milk has become a potential public health issue. The phenotypic and molecular characterization of methicillin-resistant staphylococcal strains recovered from pasteurized camel milk distributed in retail markets of Saudi Arabia was assessed. A total of 100 samples were collected between March and May 2017. Out of the 20 S. aureus isolates that were recovered from the pasteurized camel milk, 10 were found to be resistant to cefoxitin (30 µg) and, thus, were designated as methicillin-resistant strains. The resistance ratio of methicillin-resistant S. aureus isolates for a different class of antibiotics was determined by performing the antimicrobial susceptibility test and was estimated to be approximately 60%. Polymerase chain reaction assay was performed to amplify the methicillin-resistant gene mecA, and furthermore, nucleotide sequencing was performed to detect and verify the presence of methicillin-resistant strains. Upon sequencing the putative S. aureus methicillin-resistant strains, we obtained 96 to 100% similarity to the penicillin-binding protein 2a gene (mecA) of the S. aureus strain CS100. Moreover, the 10 methicillin-resistant S. aureus isolates were also identified to be heat resistant and were stable at temperatures up to 85°C for 60 s, with 3 isolates being heat resistant even at 90°C for 60 or 90 s. The mean decimal reduction time (D85 value) was 111 s for all the 10 isolates. No difference was observed in the profile of total protein between the 10 methicillin- and heat-resistant S. aureus isolates and the S. aureus strain ATCC 29737, which was determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-PAGE analyses. Therefore, we could conclude that a relatively high percentage of the tested pasteurized camel milk samples were contaminated with S. aureus (20%) and methicillin- and heat-resistant S. aureus (10%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hany M Yehia
- Food Science and Nutrition Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; Food Science and Nutrition Department, Faculty of Home Economics, Helwan University, P.O. Box 11611, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Abdulrahman H Al-Masoud
- Food Science and Nutrition Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khaloud M Alarjani
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed S Alamri
- Food Science and Nutrition Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Silva KCS, Silva LOS, Silva GAA, Borges CL, Novaes E, Paccez JD, Fontes W, Giambiagi-deMarval M, Soares CMDA, Parente-Rocha JA. Staphylococcus saprophyticus Proteomic Analyses Elucidate Differences in the Protein Repertories among Clinical Strains Related to Virulence and Persistence. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9010069. [PMID: 31963821 PMCID: PMC7169411 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9010069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus saprophyticus is a Gram-positive and coagulase negative cocci that composes the skin microbiota and can act as an opportunistic agent causing urinary tract infections, being more frequent in sexually active young women. The ability of a pathogen to cause infection in the host is associated to its ability to adhere to host cells and to survive host immune defenses. In this work, we presented the comparative proteomic profile of three S. saprophyticus strains. It was possible to characterize differences in the proteome content, specially related to expression of virulence factors. We compiled this data and previous data and we detected one strain (9325) possessing higher production and secretion of proteins related to virulence. Our results show that phenotypic, genotypic, and proteomic differences reflect in the ability to survive during interaction with host cells, since the 9325 strain presented a higher survival rate after macrophage interaction. In counterpart, the 7108 strain that possesses lower content of proteins related to virulence presented higher ability to form biofilm suggesting that this strain can be better adapted to persist in the host and in the environment. Our work describes, for the first time, proteomic flexibility among S. saprophyticus strains, reflecting in virulence and persistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla Christina Sousa Silva
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia-GO 74690-900, Brazil; (K.C.S.S.); (L.O.S.S.); (G.A.A.S.); (C.L.B.); (J.D.P.); (C.M.d.A.S.)
| | - Lana O’Hara Souza Silva
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia-GO 74690-900, Brazil; (K.C.S.S.); (L.O.S.S.); (G.A.A.S.); (C.L.B.); (J.D.P.); (C.M.d.A.S.)
| | - Guilherme Algusto Alves Silva
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia-GO 74690-900, Brazil; (K.C.S.S.); (L.O.S.S.); (G.A.A.S.); (C.L.B.); (J.D.P.); (C.M.d.A.S.)
| | - Clayton Luiz Borges
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia-GO 74690-900, Brazil; (K.C.S.S.); (L.O.S.S.); (G.A.A.S.); (C.L.B.); (J.D.P.); (C.M.d.A.S.)
| | - Evandro Novaes
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras 37200-900, Brazil;
| | - Juliano Domiraci Paccez
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia-GO 74690-900, Brazil; (K.C.S.S.); (L.O.S.S.); (G.A.A.S.); (C.L.B.); (J.D.P.); (C.M.d.A.S.)
| | - Wagner Fontes
- Laboratório de Química de Proteínas, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade de Brasília, UnB-Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil;
| | - Marcia Giambiagi-deMarval
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Molecular, Instituto de Microbiologia Prof. Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro-RJ 21941-902, Brazil;
| | - Célia Maria de Almeida Soares
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia-GO 74690-900, Brazil; (K.C.S.S.); (L.O.S.S.); (G.A.A.S.); (C.L.B.); (J.D.P.); (C.M.d.A.S.)
| | - Juliana Alves Parente-Rocha
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia-GO 74690-900, Brazil; (K.C.S.S.); (L.O.S.S.); (G.A.A.S.); (C.L.B.); (J.D.P.); (C.M.d.A.S.)
- Correspondence:
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Babu S, Al-Obaidi B, Jardine A, Jonas S, Al-Hadithy N, Satish V. A comparative study of 5 different antibiotic prophylaxis regimes in 4500 total knee replacements. J Clin Orthop Trauma 2020; 11:108-112. [PMID: 32001996 PMCID: PMC6985026 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcot.2018.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To compare the incidence of surgical site infection with different antibiotic regimes in elective total knee arthroplasty. We hypothesise that a single high dose of Teicoplanin and Gentamicin is as effective as other regimes. METHODS A retrospective study of prospectively collected data on a total of 4500 elective knee replacements over a 9-year period was conducted in a district general hospital. Data were collected on antibiotic regime, patient characteristics, infection (treatment, infective agents, sensitivities) and complications. RESULTS Five different antibiotic regimes that have been used in elective knee arthroplasty were identified in our institution. 40 patients in total were identified who had a deep infection. Rates of deep surgical site infection were not significantly different between the five groups (p = 0.83). CONCLUSION A single pre-operative dose of Teicoplanin and Gentamicin has similar efficacy of prophylaxis to other regimes for patients undergoing primary elective total knee replacements. We recommend the choice of prophylaxis regimen is made locally based on pathogen virulence, drug resistance and cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satish Babu
- Frimley Park Hospital, UK,Corresponding author. Frimley Park Hospital, Portsmouth Road, Frimley, GU16 7UJ, UK.
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Nascimento ALD, Sousa RS, Rodrigues AAR, Mattos ECD, Daros VDSMG, Col RD, Pinheiro ES, Nassar AFDC. Detection of virulence factors in coagulase-negative Staphylococcus spp. strains isolated from Emmental cheese. ARQUIVOS DO INSTITUTO BIOLÓGICO 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/1808-1657000812019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Food prepared with products derived from animals are involved in most cases of staphylococcal poisoning; therefore, the research of Staphylococcus spp. in Emmental cheese is more applicable. The objective of this study was to identify coagulase-negative Staphylococcus spp. (CNS) in cheese using biochemical and molecular techniques to detect the presence of nine genes responsible for the production of enterotoxins. From 180 samples analyzed, 204 CNS strains were obtained and identified as being 46 (22.6%) S. saprophyticus strains, 27 (13.2%) S. hominis spp. hominis strains, 22 (10.8%) S. sciuri strains, 21 (10.3%) S. xylosus strains, 19 (9.3%) S. epidermidis strains, 19 (9.3%) S. haemolyticus strains, 17 (8.3%) S. lentus strains, 17 (8.3%) S. warneri strains, 11 (5.4%) S. equorum strains and 5 (2.5%) S. cohnni . Using the PCRm protocol, 14 (6.9%) strains with the presence of the genes on the enterotoxin E (SEE)11 (78.6%), J (SEJ) 1 (7%), C (SEC) 1 (7%) and I (SEI) 1 (7%) were detected. Based on the results, the type of package is not interfered of growth and isolated that Staphylococcus spp. in cheese. It was observed that bacteria capacity to produce coagulase cannot be understood as an indicative of enterotoxigenicity; therefore, the CNS should be considered as a target of importance in the epidemiology of staphylococcal intoxications. It can be concluded that CNS need to be included in bacterial foodborne disease research, since the genes responsible for the production of toxins were detected and none of the studied samples presented Staphylococcus spp. counting above the limits allowed by legislation.
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Adekanmbi AO, Soyoye OF, Adelowo OO. Characterization of methicillin-resistance gene mecA in coagulase negative staphylococci (CoNS) recovered from wastewater of two healthcare facilities in Nigeria. GENE REPORTS 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2019.100541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Noshak MA, Ahangarzadeh Rezaee M, Hasani A, Mirzaii M, Memar MY. Biofilm formation capacity in common SCCmec types of coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated from hospitalized patients and health-care workers in northwest of Iran. GENE REPORTS 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2019.100531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Shi MM, Monsel A, Rouby JJ, Xu YP, Zhu YG, Qu JM. Inoculation Pneumonia Caused by Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2198. [PMID: 31636610 PMCID: PMC6787291 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale Although frequently retrieved in tracheal secretions of critically ill patients on mechanical ventilation, the existence of pneumonia caused by coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) remains controversial. Objective To assess whether Staphylococcus haemolyticus (S. haemolyticus) inoculated in mice’s trachea can infect normal lung parenchyma, increasing concentrations of S. haemolyticus were intratracheally administered in 221 immunocompetent mice. Methods Each animal received intratracheally phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) (n = 43) or live (n = 141) or inactivated (n = 37) S. haemolyticus at increasing load: 1.0 × 106, 1.0 × 107, and 1.0 × 108 colony forming units (CFU). Forty-three animals were sacrificed at 12 h and 178 were sacrificed at 36 h; 64 served for post-mortem lung histology, 157 served for pre-mortem bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) analysis, and 42 served for post-mortem quantitative bacteriology of lung tissue. The distribution of biofilm-associated genes was investigated in the S. haemolyticus strain used in our in vivo experiment as well as among 19 other clinical S. haemolyticus strains collected from hospitals or nursing houses. Measurements and Main Results Intratracheal inoculation of 1.0 × 108 CFU live S. haemolyticus caused macroscopic and histological confluent pneumonia with significant increase in BAL white cell count, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-2. At 12 h, high concentrations of S. haemolyticus were identified in BAL. At 36 h, lung injury and BAL inflammation were less severe than at 12 h and moderate concentrations of species belonging to the oropharyngeal flora were identified in lung tissue. The inoculation of 1.0 × 106 and 1.0 × 107 CFU live S. haemolyticus caused histologic interstitial pneumonia and moderate BAL inflammation. Similar results were observed after inoculation of inactivated S. haemolyticus. Moreover, biofilm formation was a common phenotype in S. haemolyticus isolates. The low prevalence of the ica operon in our clinical S. haemolyticus strain collection indicated icaA and icaD independent-biofilm formation. Conclusion In immunocompetent spontaneously breathing mice, inoculation of S. haemolyticus causes concentration-dependent lung infection that spontaneously recovers over time. icaA and icaD independent biofilm formation is a common phenotype in S. haemolyticus isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Meng Shi
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Antoine Monsel
- Multidisciplinary Intensive Care Unit, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, La Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne University, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, INSERM, UMR-S 959, Immunology-Immunopathology-Immunotherapy (I3), Paris, France.,Biotherapy (CIC-BTi) and Inflammation-Immunopathology-Biotherapy Department (DHU i2B), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Jacques Rouby
- Multidisciplinary Intensive Care Unit, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, La Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Yan-Ping Xu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying-Gang Zhu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie-Ming Qu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Nejabatdoust A, Zamani H, Salehzadeh A. Functionalization of ZnO Nanoparticles by Glutamic Acid and Conjugation with Thiosemicarbazide Alters Expression of Efflux Pump Genes in Multiple Drug-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strains. Microb Drug Resist 2019; 25:966-974. [DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2018.0304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Armin Nejabatdoust
- Department of Biology, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran
| | - Hojjatolah Zamani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
| | - Ali Salehzadeh
- Department of Biology, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran
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46
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Gök V, Aktop S, Özkan M, Tomar O. The effects of atmospheric cold plasma on inactivation of Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus and some quality characteristics of pastırma—A dry-cured beef product. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2019.102188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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47
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Azam AH, Kadoi K, Miyanaga K, Usui M, Tamura Y, Cui L, Tanji Y. Analysis host-recognition mechanism of staphylococcal kayvirus ɸSA039 reveals a novel strategy that protects Staphylococcus aureus against infection by Staphylococcus pseudintermedius Siphoviridae phages. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:6809-6823. [PMID: 31236618 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-09940-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Following the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP), phage therapy has attracted significant attention as an alternative to antibiotic treatment. Bacteriophages belonging to kayvirus (previously known as Twort-like phages) have broad host range and are strictly lytic in Staphylococcus spp. Previous work revealed that kayvirus ɸSA039 has a host-recognition mechanism distinct from those of other known kayviruses: most of kayviruses use the backbone of wall teichoic acid (WTA) as their receptor; by contrast, ɸSA039 uses the β-N-acetylglucosamine (β-GlcNAc) residue in WTA. In this study, we found that ɸSA039 could switch its receptor to be able to infect S. aureus lacking the β-GlcNAc residue by acquiring a spontaneous mutation in open reading frame (ORF) 100 and ORF102. Moreover, ɸSA039 could infect S. pseudintermedius, which has a different WTA structure than S. aureus. By comparison, with newly isolated S. pseudintermedius-specific phage (SP phages), we determined that glycosylation in WTA of S. pseudintermedius is essential for adsorption of SP phages, but not ɸSA039. Finally, we describe a novel strategy of S. aureus which protects the bacteria from infection of SP phages. Notably, glycosylation of ribitol phosphate (RboP) WTA by TarM or/and TarS prevents infection of S. aureus by SP phages. These findings could help to establish a new strategy for the treatment of S. aureus and S. pseudintermedius infection, as well as provide valuable insights into the biology of phage-host interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aa Haeruman Azam
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 J2-15 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8501, Japan.,Division of Bacteriology, Department of Infection and Immunity, Faculty of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke-shi, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan
| | - Kenji Kadoi
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 J2-15 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8501, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Miyanaga
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 J2-15 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8501, Japan
| | - Masaru Usui
- Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, 582 Bunkyoudaimidorimachi, Ebetsu-shi, Hokkaido, 069-0836, Japan
| | - Yutaka Tamura
- Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, 582 Bunkyoudaimidorimachi, Ebetsu-shi, Hokkaido, 069-0836, Japan
| | - Longzhu Cui
- Division of Bacteriology, Department of Infection and Immunity, Faculty of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke-shi, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan
| | - Yasunori Tanji
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 J2-15 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8501, Japan.
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Souza BSVD, Silva KCS, Parente AFA, Borges CL, Paccez JD, Pereira M, Soares CMDA, Giambiagi-deMarval M, Silva-Bailão MG, Parente-Rocha JA. The influence of pH on Staphylococcus saprophyticus iron metabolism and the production of siderophores. Microbes Infect 2019; 21:456-463. [PMID: 31075417 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2019.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcus saprophyticus is a gram-positive coagulase negative bacteria which shows clinical importance due to its capability of causing urinary tract infections (UTI), as well as its ability to persist in this environment. Little is known about how S. saprophyticus adapts to the pH shift that occurs during infection. Thus, in this study we aim to use a proteomic approach to analyze the metabolic adaptations which occur as a response by S. saprophyticus when exposed to acid (5.5) and alkaline (9.0) pH environments. Proteins related to iron storage are overexpressed in acid pH, whilst iron acquisition proteins are overexpressed in alkaline pH. It likely occurs because iron is soluble at acid pH and insoluble at alkaline pH. To evaluate if S. saprophyticus synthesizes siderophores, CAS assays were performed, and the results confirmed their production. The chemical characterization of siderophores demonstrates that S. saprophyticus produces carboxylates derived from citrate. Of special note is the fact that citrate synthase (CS) is down-regulated during incubation at acid pH, corroborating this result. This data was also confirmed by enzymatic assay. Our results demonstrate that iron metabolism regulation is influenced by different pH levels, and show, for the first time, the production of siderophores by S. saprophyticus. Enzymatic assays suggest that citrate from the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) is used as substrate for siderophore production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Silva Vieira de Souza
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Av. Esperança, ICB2, 74690-900, Goiânia - Goiás, Brazil.
| | - Karla Christina Sousa Silva
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Av. Esperança, ICB2, 74690-900, Goiânia - Goiás, Brazil.
| | - Ana Flávia Alves Parente
- Instituto de Biologia, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Universidade de Brasília, 70297-400, Brasília - Distrito Federal, Brazil.
| | - Clayton Luiz Borges
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Av. Esperança, ICB2, 74690-900, Goiânia - Goiás, Brazil.
| | - Juliano Domiraci Paccez
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Av. Esperança, ICB2, 74690-900, Goiânia - Goiás, Brazil.
| | - Maristela Pereira
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Av. Esperança, ICB2, 74690-900, Goiânia - Goiás, Brazil.
| | - Célia Maria de Almeida Soares
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Av. Esperança, ICB2, 74690-900, Goiânia - Goiás, Brazil.
| | - Marcia Giambiagi-deMarval
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Molecular, Instituto de Microbiologia Prof. Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, 21941-970, Rio de Janeiro - Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Mirelle Garcia Silva-Bailão
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Av. Esperança, ICB2, 74690-900, Goiânia - Goiás, Brazil.
| | - Juliana Alves Parente-Rocha
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Av. Esperança, ICB2, 74690-900, Goiânia - Goiás, Brazil.
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Azam AH, Tanji Y. Peculiarities of Staphylococcus aureus phages and their possible application in phage therapy. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:4279-4289. [PMID: 30997551 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-09810-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Bacteriophage has become an attractive alternative for the treatment of antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. For the success of phage therapy, phage host range is an important criterion when considering a candidate phage. Most reviews of S. aureus (SA) phages have focused on their impact on host evolution, especially their contribution to the spread of virulence genes and pathogenesis factors. The potential therapeutic use of SA phages, especially detailed characterizations of host recognition mechanisms, has not been extensively reviewed so far. In this report, we provide updates on the study of SA phages, focusing on host recognition mechanisms with the recent discovery of phage receptor-binding proteins (RBPs) and the possible applications of SA phages in phage therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aa Haeruman Azam
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 J2-15, Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8501, Japan
| | - Yasunori Tanji
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 J2-15, Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8501, Japan.
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50
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Watanabe S, Aiba Y, Tan XE, Li FY, Boonsiri T, Thitiananpakorn K, Cui B, Sato'o Y, Kiga K, Sasahara T, Cui L. Complete genome sequencing of three human clinical isolates of Staphylococcus caprae reveals virulence factors similar to those of S. epidermidis and S. capitis. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:810. [PMID: 30409159 PMCID: PMC6225691 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-5185-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Staphylococcus caprae is an animal-associated bacterium regarded as part of goats’ microflora. Recently, S. caprae has been reported to cause human nosocomial infections such as bacteremia and bone and joint infections. However, the mechanisms responsible for the development of nosocomial infections remain largely unknown. Moreover, the complete genome sequence of S. caprae has not been determined. Results We determined the complete genome sequences of three methicillin-resistant S. caprae strains isolated from humans and compared these sequences with the genomes of S. epidermidis and S. capitis, both of which are closely related to S. caprae and are inhabitants of human skin capable of causing opportunistic infections. The genomes showed that S. caprae JMUB145, JMUB590, and JMUB898 strains contained circular chromosomes of 2,618,380, 2,629,173, and 2,598,513 bp, respectively. JMUB145 carried type V SCCmec, while JMUB590 and JMUB898 had type IVa SCCmec. A genome-wide phylogenetic SNP tree constructed using 83 complete genome sequences of 24 Staphylococcus species and 2 S. caprae draft genome sequences confirmed that S. caprae is most closely related to S. epidermidis and S. capitis. Comparative complete genome analysis of eight S. epidermidis, three S. capitis and three S. caprae strains revealed that they shared similar virulence factors represented by biofilm formation genes. These factors include wall teichoic acid synthesis genes, poly-gamma-DL-glutamic acid capsule synthesis genes, and other genes encoding nonproteinaceous adhesins. The 17 proteinases/adhesins and extracellular proteins known to be associated with biofilm formation in S. epidermidis were also conserved in these three species, and their biofilm formation could be detected in vitro. Moreover, two virulence-associated gene clusters, the type VII secretion system and capsular polysaccharide biosynthesis gene clusters, identified in S. aureus were present in S. caprae but not in S. epidermidis and S. capitis genomes. Conclusion The complete genome sequences of three methicillin-resistant S. caprae isolates from humans were determined for the first time. Comparative genome analysis revealed that S. caprae is closely related to S. epidermidis and S. capitis at the species level, especially in the ability to form biofilms, which may lead to increased virulence during the development of S. caprae infections. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-018-5185-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Watanabe
- Division of Bacteriology, Department of Infection and Immunity, Faculty of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1, Yakushiji, Shimotsuke-shi, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Aiba
- Division of Bacteriology, Department of Infection and Immunity, Faculty of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1, Yakushiji, Shimotsuke-shi, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan
| | - Xin-Ee Tan
- Division of Bacteriology, Department of Infection and Immunity, Faculty of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1, Yakushiji, Shimotsuke-shi, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan
| | - Feng-Yu Li
- Division of Bacteriology, Department of Infection and Immunity, Faculty of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1, Yakushiji, Shimotsuke-shi, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan
| | - Tanit Boonsiri
- Division of Bacteriology, Department of Infection and Immunity, Faculty of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1, Yakushiji, Shimotsuke-shi, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan
| | - Kanate Thitiananpakorn
- Division of Bacteriology, Department of Infection and Immunity, Faculty of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1, Yakushiji, Shimotsuke-shi, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan
| | - Bintao Cui
- Division of Bacteriology, Department of Infection and Immunity, Faculty of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1, Yakushiji, Shimotsuke-shi, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan
| | - Yusuke Sato'o
- Division of Bacteriology, Department of Infection and Immunity, Faculty of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1, Yakushiji, Shimotsuke-shi, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan
| | - Kotaro Kiga
- Division of Bacteriology, Department of Infection and Immunity, Faculty of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1, Yakushiji, Shimotsuke-shi, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan
| | - Teppei Sasahara
- Division of Bacteriology, Department of Infection and Immunity, Faculty of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1, Yakushiji, Shimotsuke-shi, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan
| | - Longzhu Cui
- Division of Bacteriology, Department of Infection and Immunity, Faculty of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1, Yakushiji, Shimotsuke-shi, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan.
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