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Novo VM, Feletti MP, Maifrede SB, da Fonseca JZ, Cayô R, Gonçalves SS, Grão-Velloso TR. Clinical and mycological analysis of colonization by Candida spp. in oral leukoplakia and oral lichen planus. Braz J Microbiol 2024:10.1007/s42770-024-01416-9. [PMID: 38913253 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-024-01416-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to analyze the prevalence of Candida spp. colonization in oral leukoplakia and oral lichen planus lesions, verify the influence of systemic and local factors, besides identify and determine the in vitro antifungal susceptibility profile of Candida species. MATERIALS AND METHODS Samples were collected by swabbing from oral lesions and healthy mucosa and cultured on Sabouraud Dextrose and CHROMagar® Candida plates. Species identification was confirmed with MALDI-TOF MS analysis. RESULTS Candida spp. was found in 36.8% of cases of oral leukoplakia and 18.2% of cases of oral lichen planus. Candida albicans was the only species found in oral lichen planus lesions (n = 2, 100%) and the most prevalent in oral leukoplakia (n = 5, 76.4%). Among the non-albicans Candida species found in oral leukoplakia were C. parapsilosis (n = 2, 25.5%) and C. tropicalis (n = 1, 14.1%). Candida isolates were susceptible to all antifungals tested. CONCLUSION C. albicans was the most commonly found species in the studied lesions. No correlation was found between systemic and local factors with positive cases of oral lichen planus. However, smoking and alcohol consumption may be associated with positive cases of oral leukoplakia, especially the non-homogeneous clinical form. In addition, there is a possible predisposition to associated Candida colonization in cases of epithelial dysplasia found in oral leukoplakia. The antifungal medications tested showed excellent efficacy against isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Rodrigo Cayô
- Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Kesavachandran U, Kumar CA. Erythematous ulcero-proliferative exophytic lesion in an oral squamous cell carcinoma patient- An unusual case of Trichosporonosis. INDIAN J PATHOL MICR 2024; 67:419-421. [PMID: 38391369 DOI: 10.4103/ijpm.ijpm_536_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT The emergence of non-Candida yeast infections in humans has been increasingly recognized over the last decades. Trichosporon is the third most isolated non-candidal yeast in patients with an impaired immune system. We report a rare case of Trichosporon asahii causing erythematous oral lesion in a patient with squamous cell carcinoma. Our case highlights the occurrence of unusual yeast pathogens in patients with cancer with typical clinical presentations and warrants suspicion of fungal etiology to prevent misdiagnosis of trichosporonosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - C Arun Kumar
- Department of Dental Surgery, Arignar Anna Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Institute, Kancheepuram, Tamil Nadu, India
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Brakel A, Grochow T, Fritsche S, Knappe D, Krizsan A, Fietz SA, Alber G, Hoffmann R, Müller U. Evaluation of proline-rich antimicrobial peptides as potential lead structures for novel antimycotics against Cryptococcus neoformans. Front Microbiol 2024; 14:1328890. [PMID: 38260890 PMCID: PMC10800876 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1328890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Cryptococcosis and cryptococcal meningitis, caused by Cryptococcus neoformans infections, lead to approximately 180,000 deaths per year, primarily in developing countries. Individuals with compromised immune systems, e.g., due to HIV infection (AIDS) or chemotherapy, are particularly vulnerable. Conventional treatment options are often limited and can cause severe side effects. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the antifungal effect of insect-derived proline-rich antimicrobial peptides (PrAMPs) against C. neoformans. These peptides are known for their low toxicity and their high efficacy in murine infection models, making them a promising alternative for treatment. Results A preliminary screening of the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 20 AMPs, including the well-known PrAMPs Onc112, Api137, and Chex1Arg20 as well as the cathelicidin CRAMP against the C. neoformans strains 1841, H99, and KN99α revealed promising results, with MICs as low as 1.6 μmol/L. Subsequent investigations of selected peptides, determining their influence on fungal colony-forming units, confirmed their strong activity. The antifungal activity was affected by factors such as peptide net charge and sequence, with stronger effects at higher net charges probably due to better intracellular uptake confirmed by confocal laser scanning microscopy. Inactive scrambled peptides suggest a specific intracellular target, although scanning electron microscopy showed that PrAMPs also damaged the cell exterior for a low proportion of the cells. Possible pore formation could facilitate entry into the cytosol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Brakel
- Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Bioanalytical Chemistry, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
- Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thomas Grochow
- Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stefanie Fritsche
- Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Immunology/Molecular Pathogenesis, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Daniel Knappe
- Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Bioanalytical Chemistry, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
- Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andor Krizsan
- Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Bioanalytical Chemistry, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
- Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Simone A. Fietz
- Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Gottfried Alber
- Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Immunology/Molecular Pathogenesis, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ralf Hoffmann
- Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Bioanalytical Chemistry, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
- Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Uwe Müller
- Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Immunology/Molecular Pathogenesis, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
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4
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Qiu J, Roza MP, Colli KG, Dalben YR, Maifrede SB, Valiatti TB, Novo VM, Cayô R, Grão-Velloso TR, Gonçalves SS. Candida-associated denture stomatitis: clinical, epidemiological, and microbiological features. Braz J Microbiol 2023; 54:841-848. [PMID: 36940013 PMCID: PMC10234952 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-023-00952-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The identification of Candida spp. in denture stomatitis, the clinical manifestations, and the antifungal susceptibility profile lead to a correct and individualized therapeutic management of the patients. This study is aimed at investigating the clinical manifestations and epidemiological and microbiological characteristics of Candida-associated denture stomatitis. DESIGN The samples were obtained by swabbing the oral mucosa of the subjects and then seeded onto Sabouraud Dextrose Agar and onto CHROMagar® Candida plates. The identification at the species level was confirmed by Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry. Clinical classification was performed according to the criteria proposed by Newton (1962): (i) pinpoint hyperemia, (ii) diffuse hyperemia, and (iii) granular hyperemia. For carrying out the antifungal susceptibility testing, we adopted the CLSI M27-S4 protocol. RESULTS C. albicans was the most prevalent species in our study. Regarding non-albicans Candida species, C. glabrata was the most common species isolated from the oral mucosa (n = 4, 14.8%), while in the prosthesis, it was C. tropicalis (n = 4, 14.8%). The most prevalent clinical manifestation was pinpoint hyperemia and diffuse hyperemia. Candida albicans, C. glabrata, and C. parapsilosis were susceptible to all the tested antifungals. Concerning fluconazole and micafungin, only two strains showed dose-dependent sensitivity (minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), 1 μg/mL) and intermediate sensitivity (MIC, 0.25 μg/mL). One C. tropicalis strain was resistant to voriconazole (MIC, 8 μg/mL). CONCLUSIONS C. albicans was the most common species found in oral mucosa and prosthesis. The tested antifungal drugs showed great activity against most isolates. The most prevalent clinical manifestations were Newton's type I and type II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiuyan Qiu
- Center for Research in Medical Mycology (CIMM), Health Sciences Center (CCS), Federal University of Espírito Santo (UFES), 1468, Marechal Campos Avenue, Vitória, ES 29.040-090 Brazil
| | - Milena P. Roza
- Dental Clinic Department, Health Sciences Center (CCS), Federal University Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória, ES Brazil
| | - Karolyne G. Colli
- Dental Clinic Department, Health Sciences Center (CCS), Federal University Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória, ES Brazil
| | - Yago R. Dalben
- Center for Research in Medical Mycology (CIMM), Health Sciences Center (CCS), Federal University of Espírito Santo (UFES), 1468, Marechal Campos Avenue, Vitória, ES 29.040-090 Brazil
- Infectious Diseases Postgraduate Program, Health Sciences Center (CCS), Federal University of Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória, ES Brazil
| | - Simone B. Maifrede
- Pathology Department, Health Sciences Center (CCS), Federal University of Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória, ES Brazil
| | - Tiago B. Valiatti
- Alerta Laboratory, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP Brazil
| | - Vinicius M. Novo
- Dental Science Postgraduate Program, Health Sciences Center (CCS), Federal University of Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória, ES Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Cayô
- Alerta Laboratory, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP Brazil
- Immunology and Microbiology Laboratory (LIB), Biological Sciences Department (DCB), Immunology and Microbiology Sector, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences (ICAQF), University of Federal São Paulo (UNIFESP), Diadema, SP Brazil
| | - Tânia Regina Grão-Velloso
- Dental Clinic Department, Health Sciences Center (CCS), Federal University Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória, ES Brazil
- Dental Science Postgraduate Program, Health Sciences Center (CCS), Federal University of Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória, ES Brazil
| | - Sarah S. Gonçalves
- Center for Research in Medical Mycology (CIMM), Health Sciences Center (CCS), Federal University of Espírito Santo (UFES), 1468, Marechal Campos Avenue, Vitória, ES 29.040-090 Brazil
- Infectious Diseases Postgraduate Program, Health Sciences Center (CCS), Federal University of Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória, ES Brazil
- Pathology Department, Health Sciences Center (CCS), Federal University of Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória, ES Brazil
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Fernandes MZ, Caetano CF, Gaspar C, Oliveira AS, Palmeira-de-Oliveira R, Martinez-de-Oliveira J, Rolo J, Palmeira-de-Oliveira A. Uncovering the Yeast Diversity in the Female Genital Tract: An Exploration of Spatial Distribution and Antifungal Resistance. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12040595. [PMID: 37111481 PMCID: PMC10145200 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12040595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans is the leading cause of vulvovaginal yeast infections; however, other species are becoming relevant in this niche. The spatial distribution of these fungi in the female genital tract remains poorly understood. In this study, swab samples were collected from 33 patients, first from the anterior vulva and then from the upper third and right lateral wall of the vagina: 16 were with symptoms of vulvovaginal candidiasis and 17 were without characteristic symptoms; furthermore, the genus and species of each isolate were identified. In vitro susceptibility testing for fluconazole and clotrimazole was performed for all isolates. Candida albicans was the most common species (63.6%), followed by Rhodotorula spp. (51.5%), and then Candida parapsilosis (15.2%). Rhodotorula spp. and C. parapsilosis were more commonly associated with colonization, and C. albicans with infection. Rhodotorula spp. isolates presented a low susceptibility to fluconazole, with the MIC ranging from 32 to >64 µg/mL. Differences in susceptibility to fluconazole and clotrimazole between the pairs of vaginal and vulvar isolates were found for Candida albicans, Rhodotorula spp., and Nakaseomyces glabratus. The results suggest that different niches may impact the susceptibility profiles of the isolates, as well as their different clinical behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Zagalo Fernandes
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Cátia Filipa Caetano
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Carlos Gaspar
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
- Labfit, Health Products Research and Development Lda, 6200-284 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Ana Sofia Oliveira
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Rita Palmeira-de-Oliveira
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
- Labfit, Health Products Research and Development Lda, 6200-284 Covilhã, Portugal
| | | | - Joana Rolo
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Ana Palmeira-de-Oliveira
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
- Labfit, Health Products Research and Development Lda, 6200-284 Covilhã, Portugal
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Mediator Subunit Med15 Regulates Cell Morphology and Mating in Candida lusitaniae. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:jof9030333. [PMID: 36983501 PMCID: PMC10053558 DOI: 10.3390/jof9030333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Candida lusitaniae is an emerging opportunistic pathogenic yeast capable of shifting from yeast to pseudohyphae form, and it is one of the few Candida species with the ability to reproduce sexually. In this study, we showed that a dpp3Δ mutant, inactivated for a putative pyrophosphatase, is impaired in cell separation, pseudohyphal growth and mating. The defective phenotypes were not restored after the reconstruction of a wild-type DPP3 locus, reinforcing the hypothesis of the presence of an additional mutation that we suspected in our previous study. Genetic crosses and genome sequencing identified an additional mutation in MED15, encoding a subunit of the mediator complex that functions as a general transcriptional co-activator in Eukaryotes. We confirmed that inactivation of MED15 was responsible for the defective phenotypes by rescuing the dpp3Δ mutant with a wild-type copy of MED15 and constructing a med15Δ knockout mutant that mimics the phenotypes of dpp3Δ in vitro. Proteomic analyses revealed the biological processes under the control of Med15 and involved in hyphal growth, cell separation and mating. This is the first description of the functions of MED15 in the regulation of hyphal growth, cell separation and mating, and the pathways involved in C. lusitaniae.
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7
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Salmanov AG, Netskar IP, Kostikov VV, Korniyenko SM, Artyomenko V, Rud VO, Kovalyshyn OA, Zarichanska K. VULVOVAGINAL CANDIDIASIS AFTER GYNECOLOGICAL SURGERIES AND ADVERSE PREGNANCY OUTCOME IN UKRAINE: A MULTICENTRE STUDY. WIADOMOSCI LEKARSKIE (WARSAW, POLAND : 1960) 2023; 76:2556-2563. [PMID: 38290017 DOI: 10.36740/wlek202312102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim: To investigate the epidemiology and microbiology of vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) after gynecological surgeries, and adverse pregnancy outcomes in Ukraine. PATIENTS AND METHODS Materials and methods: Multicenter prospective cohort study was conducted from January 2020 to December 2022 and recruited pregnant and non-pregnant women aged 15-65 years who had sought medical help for vaginal dysbiosis the seven medical clinic from five regions of Ukraine. RESULTS Results: Between 2020 and 2022, 2,341 women were followed in gynecological practices, and 1,056 (41.5%) women were diagnosed with VVC during the same period. Of the total VVC cases, 31.9% were in non-pregnant and 68.1% in pregnant women. The use of antibiotics (OR=3.48), use hormonal contracep¬tives (OR=2.75) and pregnancy (OR=1.13) were associated with an increase in the risk of VVC diagnosis. Diabetes mellitus (OR=0.44) were additional risk factors. The most common pathogen of VVC was C. albicans, Nakaseomyces glabratus (C. glabrata), followed by Pichia kudriavzevii (C. krusei), C. parapsilosis, C. tropicalis, C. kefyr, C. guillieromondii, C. lusitaniae, and C. rugosa. We found no significant difference in adverse pregnancy outcomes between Candida-positive and Candida-negative women. CONCLUSION Conclusions: Vulvovaginal candidiasis after gynecological surgeries in Ukraine is a common medical problem in women that is associated with significant morbidity, and hence frequent medical visits. High prevalence rate of vulvovaginal candidiasis in the present study warrants, the importance of conducting continuous epidemiological surveys to measure changes in species distribution from C. albicans to non-albicans Candida species in Ukraine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aidyn G Salmanov
- SHUPYK NATIONAL HEALTHCARE UNIVERSITY OF UKRAINE, KYIV, UKRAINE; INSTITUTE OF PEDIATRICS, OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES OF UKRAINE, KYIV, UKRAINE
| | - Iryna P Netskar
- SHUPYK NATIONAL HEALTHCARE UNIVERSITY OF UKRAINE, KYIV, UKRAINE
| | | | | | | | - Victor O Rud
- NATIONAL PIROGOV MEMORIAL MEDICAL UNIVERSITY, VINNYTSIA, UKRAINE
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Pitarch A, Diéguez-Uribeondo J, Martín-Torrijos L, Sergio F, Blanco G. Fungal signatures of oral disease reflect environmental degradation in a facultative avian scavenger. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 837:155397. [PMID: 35460785 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Degradation of natural ecosystems increases the risk of infections in wildlife due to microbiota dysbiosis. However, little is known about its influence on the development of fungal communities in predators and facultative avian scavengers. We evaluated the incidence of oral disease in wild nestling black kites (Milvus migrans) under contrasting environmental degradation conditions, and explored their oral fungal patterns using molecular methods and multivariate analysis. Oral lesions were found in 36.8% of the 38 nestlings examined in an anthropogenically altered habitat (southeastern Madrid, Spain), but in none of the 105 nestlings examined in a well-conserved natural area (Doñana National Park, Spain). In a subsample of 48 black kites, the composition of the oral fungal community differed among symptomatic nestlings from Madrid (SM) and asymptomatic nestlings from Madrid (AM) and Doñana (AD). Opportunistic fungal pathogens (e.g., Fusarium incarnatum-equiseti species complex, Mucor spp., Rhizopus oryzae) were more prevalent in SM and AM than in AD. Hierarchical clustering and principal component analyses revealed that fungal patterns were distinct between both study areas, and that anthropogenic and natural environmental factors had a greater impact on them than oral disease. Fungal signatures associated with anthropogenic and natural stresses harbored some taxa that could be used to flag oral infection (F. incarnatum-equiseti species complex and Alternaria), indicate environmental degradation (Alternaria) or provide protective benefits in degraded environments (Trichoderma, Epicoccum nigrum and Sordaria). Co-occurrence associations between potentially beneficial and pathogenic fungi were typical of AM and AD, hinting at a possible role in host health. This study shows that early-life exposure to highly degraded environments induces a shift towards a higher prevalence of pathogenic species in the oral cavity of black kites, favoring oral disease. Furthermore, our findings suggest potential ecological applications of the monitoring of oral mycobiome as a bioindication of oral disease and environmental degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Pitarch
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM) and Ramón y Cajal Institute of Health Research (IRYCIS), Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Teaching Unit of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Arcos de Jalón, 118, 28037 Madrid, Spain.
| | | | - Laura Martín-Torrijos
- Department of Mycology, Real Jardín Botánico-CSIC, Plaza Murillo 2, 28014 Madrid, Spain
| | - Fabrizio Sergio
- Department of Conservation Biology, Estacion Biologica de Doñana-CSIC, Americo Vespucio 26, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Guillermo Blanco
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales-CSIC, José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain
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Parslow BY, Thornton CR. Continuing Shifts in Epidemiology and Antifungal Susceptibility Highlight the Need for Improved Disease Management of Invasive Candidiasis. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10061208. [PMID: 35744725 PMCID: PMC9228503 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10061208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Invasive candidiasis (IC) is a systemic life-threatening infection of immunocompromised humans, but remains a relatively neglected disease among public health authorities. Ongoing assessments of disease epidemiology are needed to identify and map trends of importance that may necessitate improvements in disease management and patient care. Well-established incidence increases, largely due to expanding populations of patients with pre-disposing risk factors, has led to increased clinical use and pressures on antifungal drugs. This has been exacerbated by a lack of fast, accurate diagnostics that have led treatment guidelines to often recommend preventative strategies in the absence of proven infection, resulting in unnecessary antifungal use in many instances. The consequences of this are multifactorial, but a contribution to emerging drug resistance is of primary concern, with high levels of antifungal use heavily implicated in global shifts to more resistant Candida strains. Preserving and expanding the utility and number of antifungals should therefore be of the highest priority. This may be achievable through the development and use of biomarker tests, bringing about a new era in improved antifungal stewardship, as well as novel antifungals that offer favorable profiles by targeting Candida pathogenesis mechanisms over cell viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Y. Parslow
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Geoffrey Pope Building, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK;
| | - Christopher R. Thornton
- Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology, Geoffrey Pope Building, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK
- Correspondence:
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10
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Frías-De-León MG, Hernández-Castro R, Conde-Cuevas E, García-Coronel IH, Vázquez-Aceituno VA, Soriano-Ursúa MA, Farfán-García ED, Ocharán-Hernández E, Rodríguez-Cerdeira C, Arenas R, Robledo-Cayetano M, Ramírez-Lozada T, Meza-Meneses P, Pinto-Almazán R, Martínez-Herrera E. Candida glabrata Antifungal Resistance and Virulence Factors, a Perfect Pathogenic Combination. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13101529. [PMID: 34683822 PMCID: PMC8538829 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13101529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, a progressive increase in the incidence of invasive fungal infections (IFIs) caused by Candida glabrata has been observed. The objective of this literature review was to study the epidemiology, drug resistance, and virulence factors associated with the C. glabrata complex. For this purpose, a systematic review (January 2001-February 2021) was conducted on the PubMed, Scielo, and Cochrane search engines with the following terms: "C. glabrata complex (C. glabrata sensu stricto, C. nivariensis, C. bracarensis)" associated with "pathogenicity" or "epidemiology" or "antibiotics resistance" or "virulence factors" with language restrictions of English and Spanish. One hundred and ninety-nine articles were found during the search. Various mechanisms of drug resistance to azoles, polyenes, and echinocandins were found for the C. glabrata complex, depending on the geographical region. Among the mechanisms found are the overexpression of drug transporters, gene mutations that alter thermotolerance, the generation of hypervirulence due to increased adhesion factors, and modifications in vital enzymes that produce cell wall proteins that prevent the activity of drugs designed for its inhibition. In addition, it was observed that the C. glabrata complex has virulence factors such as the production of proteases, phospholipases, and hemolysins, and the formation of biofilms that allows the complex to evade the host immune response and generate fungal resistance. Because of this, the C. glabrata complex possesses a perfect pathogenetic combination for the invasion of the immunocompromised host.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Guadalupe Frías-De-León
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de Ixtapaluca, Ixtapaluca 56530, Mexico; (M.G.F.-D.-L.); (M.R.-C.)
| | - Rigoberto Hernández-Castro
- Departamento de Ecología de Agentes Patógenos, Hospital General “Dr. Manuel Gea González”, Ciudad de México 14080, Mexico; (R.H.-C.); (V.A.V.-A.)
| | - Esther Conde-Cuevas
- Maestría en Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico; (E.C.-C.); (I.H.G.-C.); (P.M.-M.)
| | - Itzel H. García-Coronel
- Maestría en Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico; (E.C.-C.); (I.H.G.-C.); (P.M.-M.)
| | - Víctor Alfonso Vázquez-Aceituno
- Departamento de Ecología de Agentes Patógenos, Hospital General “Dr. Manuel Gea González”, Ciudad de México 14080, Mexico; (R.H.-C.); (V.A.V.-A.)
| | - Marvin A. Soriano-Ursúa
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico; (M.A.S.-U.); (E.D.F.-G.); (E.O.-H.)
| | - Eunice D. Farfán-García
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico; (M.A.S.-U.); (E.D.F.-G.); (E.O.-H.)
| | - Esther Ocharán-Hernández
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico; (M.A.S.-U.); (E.D.F.-G.); (E.O.-H.)
| | - Carmen Rodríguez-Cerdeira
- Efficiency, Quality, and Costs in Health Services Research Group (EFISALUD), Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO, 36213 Vigo, Spain; (C.R.-C.); (R.A.)
- Dermatology Department, Hospital Vithas Ntra. Sra. de Fátima and University of Vigo, 36206 Vigo, Spain
- Campus Universitario, University of Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Roberto Arenas
- Efficiency, Quality, and Costs in Health Services Research Group (EFISALUD), Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO, 36213 Vigo, Spain; (C.R.-C.); (R.A.)
- Sección de Micología, Hospital General “Dr. Manuel Gea González”, Tlalpan, Ciudad de México 14080, Mexico
| | - Maura Robledo-Cayetano
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de Ixtapaluca, Ixtapaluca 56530, Mexico; (M.G.F.-D.-L.); (M.R.-C.)
| | - Tito Ramírez-Lozada
- Servicio de Ginecología y Obstetricia, Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de Ixtapaluca, Ixtapaluca 56530, Mexico;
| | - Patricia Meza-Meneses
- Maestría en Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico; (E.C.-C.); (I.H.G.-C.); (P.M.-M.)
- Servicio de Infectología, Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de Ixtapaluca, Ixtapaluca 56530, Mexico
| | - Rodolfo Pinto-Almazán
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de Ixtapaluca, Ixtapaluca 56530, Mexico; (M.G.F.-D.-L.); (M.R.-C.)
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico; (M.A.S.-U.); (E.D.F.-G.); (E.O.-H.)
- Correspondence: (R.P.-A.); (E.M.-H.); Tel.: +52-555-972-9800 (R.P.-A. or E.M.-H.)
| | - Erick Martínez-Herrera
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de Ixtapaluca, Ixtapaluca 56530, Mexico; (M.G.F.-D.-L.); (M.R.-C.)
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico; (M.A.S.-U.); (E.D.F.-G.); (E.O.-H.)
- Efficiency, Quality, and Costs in Health Services Research Group (EFISALUD), Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO, 36213 Vigo, Spain; (C.R.-C.); (R.A.)
- Correspondence: (R.P.-A.); (E.M.-H.); Tel.: +52-555-972-9800 (R.P.-A. or E.M.-H.)
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Understanding Human Microbiota Offers Novel and Promising Therapeutic Options against Candida Infections. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10020183. [PMID: 33572162 PMCID: PMC7915436 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10020183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Human fungal pathogens particularly of Candida species are one of the major causes of hospital acquired infections in immunocompromised patients. The limited arsenal of antifungal drugs to treat Candida infections with concomitant evolution of multidrug resistant strains further complicates the management of these infections. Therefore, deployment of novel strategies to surmount the Candida infections requires immediate attention. The human body is a dynamic ecosystem having microbiota usually involving symbionts that benefit from the host, but in turn may act as commensal organisms or affect positively (mutualism) or negatively (pathogenic) the physiology and nourishment of the host. The composition of human microbiota has garnered a lot of recent attention, and despite the common occurrence of Candida spp. within the microbiota, there is still an incomplete picture of relationships between Candida spp. and other microorganism, as well as how such associations are governed. These relationships could be important to have a more holistic understanding of the human microbiota and its connection to Candida infections. Understanding the mechanisms behind commensalism and pathogenesis is vital for the development of efficient therapeutic strategies for these Candida infections. The concept of host-microbiota crosstalk plays critical roles in human health and microbiota dysbiosis and is responsible for various pathologies. Through this review, we attempted to analyze the types of human microbiota and provide an update on the current understanding in the context of health and Candida infections. The information in this article will help as a resource for development of targeted microbial therapies such as pre-/pro-biotics and microbiota transplant that has gained advantage in recent times over antibiotics and established as novel therapeutic strategy.
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12
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Isolation of endophytic fungi with antimicrobial activity from medicinal plant Zanthoxylum simulans Hance. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2021; 66:385-397. [PMID: 33544301 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-021-00854-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Fungal endophytes have been found to exist in many plant species and appear to be important to their plant hosts. However, the diversity and biological activities of these fungi remain largely unknown. Zanthoxylum simulans Hance, a popular natural spice and medicinal plant, commonly known as Szechuan pepper or Chinese-pepper, grows on Kinmen Island, Taiwan. In this study, leaf and stem samples of Z. simulans, collected in summer and winter, were screened for antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory metabolite-producing endophytic fungi. A total of 113 endophytic strains were isolated and cultured from Z. simulans, among which 23 were found to possess antimicrobial activity, belonging to six fungal genera: Penicillium (26.09%, 6), Colletotrichum (21.74%, 5), Diaporthe (21.74%, 5), Daldinia (17.39%, 4), Alternaria (8.70%, 2), and Didymella (4.34%, 1). We also found that the number of species with antimicrobial activity and their compositions differed between summer and winter. Our study demonstrated that Z. simulans might contain large and diverse communities of endophytic fungi, and its community composition varies seasonally. In addition, fungal endophytes produce antimicrobial agents, which may protect their hosts against pathogens and could be a potential source of natural antibiotics.
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13
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Wickerhamomyces anomalous: A Rare Cause of Fungemia Causing Febrile Neutropenia in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Case Rep Infect Dis 2020; 2020:8847853. [PMID: 33457028 PMCID: PMC7785382 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8847853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida bloodstream infection is the major cause of increased morbidity and mortality (20-49%) in hospitalized patients in both paediatric and adult age groups. Due to the increase in the number of immunocompromised patients, other important species such as Trichosporon asahii and Debaryomyces hansenii are emerging. One such organism, Wickerhamomyces anomalous, previously known as Pichia anomala (teleomorph stages of several Candida species), is increasingly being reported as a cause of fungemia in neonatal intensive care units and is now increasingly being reported in a lot of immunosuppressive conditions such as interstitial lung disease, endocarditis, enteritis, corticosteroids, and chemotherapy uptake. Though this yeast is ubiquitous in nature, systemic infections from isolated cases and sporadic outbreaks with high mortality have been reported in ICUs, which emphasize the importance to consider this fungus within the diagnostic possibilities. Here, we report a case of catheter-related bloodstream infection (CRBSI) caused by W. anomalus in a leukemic immunosuppressed patient who was successfully treated by early detection and treatment of this emerging fungus.
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14
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Draft Genome Sequences of Rhodotorula mucilaginosa Strains Isolated from the International Space Station. Microbiol Resour Announc 2020; 9:9/31/e00570-20. [PMID: 32732232 PMCID: PMC7393961 DOI: 10.1128/mra.00570-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The whole-genome sequences (WGS) of 28 isolates from the International Space Station were generated and identified as Rhodotorula mucilaginosa, a pigmented yeast that has been classified as an emerging human pathogen in recent times. These WGS enable the identification of genes responsible for synthesizing compounds with biological implications. The whole-genome sequences (WGS) of 28 isolates from the International Space Station were generated and identified as Rhodotorula mucilaginosa, a pigmented yeast that has been classified as an emerging human pathogen in recent times. These WGS enable the identification of genes responsible for synthesizing compounds with biological implications.
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15
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Lawrence CL, Okoh AO, Vishwapathi V, McKenna ST, Critchley ME, Smith RB. N-alkylated linear heptamethine polyenes as potent non-azole leads against Candida albicans fungal infections. Bioorg Chem 2020; 102:104070. [PMID: 32682157 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study, eighteen heptamethine dyes were synthesised and their antifungal activities were evaluated against three clinically relevant yeast species.. The eighteen dyes were placed within classes based on their core subunit i.e. 2,3,3-trimethylindolenine (5a-f), 1,1,2-trimethyl-1H-benzo[e]indole (6a-f), or 2-methylbenzothiazole (7a-f). The results presented herein imply that the three families of cyanine dyes, in particular compounds 5a-f, show high potential as selective scaffolds to treat C. albicans infections. This opens up the opportunity for further optimisation and investigation of this class compounds for potential antifungal treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare L Lawrence
- UCLan Research Centre for Drug Design and Development, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK.
| | - Adeyi Okoh Okoh
- UCLan Research Centre for Smart Materials, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK
| | - Vinod Vishwapathi
- UCLan Research Centre for Smart Materials, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK
| | - Sean T McKenna
- UCLan Research Centre for Smart Materials, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK
| | - Megan E Critchley
- UCLan Research Centre for Smart Materials, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK
| | - Robert B Smith
- UCLan Research Centre for Smart Materials, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK.
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16
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Pitarch A, Gil C, Blanco G. Vultures from different trophic guilds show distinct oral pathogenic yeast signatures and co-occurrence networks. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 723:138166. [PMID: 32224410 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Vultures have evolved adaptive mechanisms to prevent infections associated with their scavenging lifestyle. However, food-borne exposure to antimicrobial pharmaceuticals can promote opportunistic infections with adverse outcomes. Here, we used multivariate and network analyses to increase understanding of the behavior of the yeast communities causing oral mycosis outbreaks recently reported in wild nestling cinereous (Aegypius monachus), griffon (Gyps fulvus) and Egyptian (Neophron percnopterus) vultures (CV, GV and EV, respectively) exposed to antibiotics from livestock farming. Common and unique yeast signatures (of Candida, Debaromyces, Diutina, Meyerozyma, Naganishia, Pichia, Rhodotorula, Trichosporon and Yarrowia species) associated with oral mycoses were identified in the three vulture species. Hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) and principal component analysis (PCA) highlighted that oral lesions from CV and GV shared similar yeast signatures (of major causative pathogens of opportunistic mycoses, such as Candida albicans, Candida parapsilosis and Candida tropicalis), while EV had a distinct yeast signature (of uncommon pathogenic species, such as Candida dubliniensis, Candida zeylanoides, Pichia fermentans and Rhodotorula spp.). Synergistic interactions between yeast species from distinct fungal phyla were found in lesions from CV and GV, but not in EV. These formed co-occurrence subnetworks with partially or fully connected topology. This study reveals that the composition, assembly and co-occurrence patterns of the yeast communities causing oral mycoses differ between vulture species with distinct feeding habits and scavenging lifestyles. Yeast species widely pathogenic to humans and animals, and yeast co-occurrence relationships, are distinctive hallmarks of oral mycoses in CV and GV. These vulture species are more exposed to antibiotics from intensively medicated livestock carcasses provided in supplementary feeding stations and show higher incidence of thrush-like oral lesions than EV. These findings may be useful for development of new initiatives or changes in the conservation of these avian scavengers affected by anthropogenic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Pitarch
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM) and Ramón y Cajal Institute of Health Research (IRYCIS), Spain; Ramón y Cajal University Hospital (HURC) Foundation for Biomedical Research, Spanish Network for Research in Infectious Diseases (REIPI), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Concha Gil
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM) and Ramón y Cajal Institute of Health Research (IRYCIS), Spain; Ramón y Cajal University Hospital (HURC) Foundation for Biomedical Research, Spanish Network for Research in Infectious Diseases (REIPI), Madrid, Spain
| | - Guillermo Blanco
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology, National Museum of Natural Sciences, Spanish Research Council (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
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17
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Szerencsés B, Igaz N, Tóbiás Á, Prucsi Z, Rónavári A, Bélteky P, Madarász D, Papp C, Makra I, Vágvölgyi C, Kónya Z, Pfeiffer I, Kiricsi M. Size-dependent activity of silver nanoparticles on the morphological switch and biofilm formation of opportunistic pathogenic yeasts. BMC Microbiol 2020; 20:176. [PMID: 32571216 PMCID: PMC7309973 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-020-01858-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Dimorphism and biofilm formation are important virulence factors of some opportunistic human pathogenic yeasts. Such species commensally colonize skin or mucosal surfaces generally in yeast form, but under particular circumstances, convert into virulent hyphae and disseminate internal organs or cause mucocutaneous infections. The yeast-to-hypha shape-conversion promotes the development of a biofilm, a thick extracellular matrix with sessile cells within. The biofilm is capable to prevent the penetration of antifungal drugs, rendering the surviving biofilm-resident cells intrinsic sources of recurrent infections. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) to attenuate the morphological switch and biofilm formation of several opportunistic pathogenic yeasts and to determine whether this feature depends on the nanoparticle size. Results AgNPs in three different sizes were prepared by chemical reduction approach and characterized by transmission electron microscopy, ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy and dynamic light scattering. The antifungal activity was evaluated by the microdilution method, the inhibitory capacity on biofilm formation and the biofilm degradation ability of differently sized AgNPs was assessed by viability assay. The morphological state of opportunistic pathogenic yeast cells in monoculture and in co-culture with human keratinocytes in the presence of AgNPs was examined by flow cytometry and scanning electron microscopy. All the three AgNPs inhibited the growth of the examined opportunistic pathogenic yeasts, nevertheless, AgNPs with the smallest diameter exhibited the most prominent toxic activities. AgNPs attenuated the biofilm formation in a nanoparticle size-dependent manner; however, their biofilm destruction capacity was negligible. AgNPs with the smallest size exerted the most significant effect on suppressing the morphological change of pathogens in monoculture as well as in a co-culture with keratinocytes. Conclusions Our results confirm that AgNPs are capable to hinder yeast-to-hypha morphological conversion and biofilm formation of opportunistic pathogens and this biological effect of AgNPs is size-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nóra Igaz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, Szeged, H-6726, Hungary
| | - Ákos Tóbiás
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, Szeged, H-6726, Hungary
| | - Zsombor Prucsi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, Szeged, H-6726, Hungary
| | - Andrea Rónavári
- Department of Applied and Environmental Chemistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Péter Bélteky
- Department of Applied and Environmental Chemistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Dániel Madarász
- Department of Applied and Environmental Chemistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Csaba Papp
- Department of Microbiology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ildikó Makra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, Szeged, H-6726, Hungary
| | - Csaba Vágvölgyi
- Department of Microbiology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Kónya
- Department of Applied and Environmental Chemistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,HAS-USZ Reaction Kinetics and Surface Chemistry Research Group, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ilona Pfeiffer
- Department of Microbiology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Mónika Kiricsi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, Szeged, H-6726, Hungary.
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18
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Cobo F, Zaragoza Ó, Navarro-Marí JM. Rhodotorula dairenensis fungemia in a patient with cancer. Rev Iberoam Micol 2020; 37:63-64. [PMID: 32546314 DOI: 10.1016/j.riam.2020.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rhodotorula species were traditionally considered non-virulent environmental microorganisms, but are nowadays considered important human pathogens, especially in immunocompromised individuals. CASE REPORT We present the case of a 73 year-old man with diarrhea, anorexia and fever. In the blood analyses, both aerobic blood culture bottles yielded the growth of Rhodotorula dairenensis. The MALDI-TOF MS score was inadequate to provide an identification, which was achieved by means of molecular techniques. Treatment with an echinocandin was started, but the patient died. CONCLUSIONS Basidiomycetous yeast genera such as Rhodotorula can cause invasive and severe infections, e.g., fungemia, especially in patients with central venous catheter or another indwelling device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Cobo
- Department of Microbiology and Instituto Biosanitario, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain.
| | - Óscar Zaragoza
- Centro Nacional de Microbiología. Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - José María Navarro-Marí
- Department of Microbiology and Instituto Biosanitario, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain
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19
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Koutsoumanis K, Allende A, Alvarez‐Ordóñez A, Bolton D, Bover‐Cid S, Chemaly M, Davies R, De Cesare A, Hilbert F, Lindqvist R, Nauta M, Peixe L, Ru G, Simmons M, Skandamis P, Suffredini E, Cocconcelli PS, Fernández Escámez PS, Maradona MP, Querol A, Suarez JE, Sundh I, Vlak J, Barizzone F, Correia S, Herman L. Scientific Opinion on the update of the list of QPS-recommended biological agents intentionally added to food or feed as notified to EFSA (2017-2019). EFSA J 2020; 18:e05966. [PMID: 32874212 PMCID: PMC7448045 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2020.5966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The qualified presumption of safety (QPS) was developed to provide a safety pre-assessment within EFSA for microorganisms. Strains belonging to QPS taxonomic units (TUs) still require an assessment based on a specific data package, but QPS status facilitates fast track evaluation. QPS TUs are unambiguously defined biological agents assessed for the body of knowledge, their safety and their end use. Safety concerns are, where possible, to be confirmed at strain or product level, and reflected as 'qualifications'. Qualifications need to be evaluated at strain level by the respective EFSA units. The lowest QPS TU is the species level for bacteria, yeasts and protists/algae, and the family for viruses. The QPS concept is also applicable to genetically modified microorganisms used for production purposes if the recipient strain qualifies for the QPS status, and if the genetic modification does not indicate a concern. Based on the actual body of knowledge and/or an ambiguous taxonomic position, the following TUs were excluded from the QPS assessment: filamentous fungi, oomycetes, streptomycetes, Enterococcus faecium, Escherichia coli and bacteriophages. The list of QPS-recommended biological agents was reviewed and updated in the current opinion and therefore now becomes the valid list. For this update, reports on the safety of previously assessed microorganisms, including bacteria, yeasts and viruses (the latter only when used for plant protection purposes) were reviewed, following an Extensive Literature Search strategy. All TUs previously recommended for 2016 QPS list had their status reconfirmed as well as their qualifications. The TUs related to the new notifications received since the 2016 QPS opinion was periodically evaluated for QPS status in the Statements of the BIOHAZ Panel, and the QPS list was also periodically updated. In total, 14 new TUs received a QPS status between 2017 and 2019: three yeasts, eight bacteria and three algae/protists.
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Buchta V, Bolehovská R, Hovorková E, Cornely OA, Seidel D, Žák P. Saprochaete clavata Invasive Infections - A New Threat to Hematological-Oncological Patients. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2196. [PMID: 31736883 PMCID: PMC6830389 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Saprochaete clavata (formerly Geotrichum clavatum, now proposed as Magnusiomyces clavatus) is a filamentous yeast-like fungus that has recently been described as an emerging pathogen mostly in patients with acute leukemia. Methods This is a retrospective study of patients diagnosed with proven and probable S. clavata infection at the University Hospital, Hradec Králové, Czechia between March 2005 and December 2017. Previous cases were identified from the literature and FungiScope® database. Results Six new cases (5 females, 1 male) of blood-stream S. clavata infections at the hemato-oncological department were described including epidemiological data of additional 48 patients colonized with the species. Overall, 116 strains of S. clavata were isolated from different clinical specimens of 54 patients; most of them belonged to the respiratory tract (60.3%). S. clavata was the most frequent species among arthroconidial yeasts (Trichosporon, Galactomyces, Magnusiomyces) recovered from the blood. All our patients with S. clavata infection had profound neutropenia, a central venous catheter, broad-spectrum antibiotics and antifungal prophylaxis; four had a history of a biliary tract system disease. The diagnosis was based on a positive blood culture in all patients. Four patients died of multiorgan failure and sepsis despite treatment with lipid-based amphotericin B and/or voriconazole. From the literature and FungiScope database, 67 previous cases of S. clavata infections were evaluated in context of our cases. Conclusion Saprochaete clavata infection represents a life-threatening mycosis in severely immunocompromised patients. The successful outcome of treatment seems to be critically dependent on the early diagnosis and the recovery of underlying conditions associated with immune dysfunction or deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Buchta
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Faculty Hospital in Hradec Králové, Charles University in Prague, Hradec Králové, Czechia
| | - Radka Bolehovská
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Faculty Hospital in Hradec Králové, Charles University in Prague, Hradec Králové, Czechia
| | - Eva Hovorková
- The Fingerland Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Faculty Hospital in Hradec Králové, Charles University in Prague, Hradec Králové, Czechia
| | - Oliver A Cornely
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Department I of Internal Medicine, ECMM Diamond Center of Excellence in Medical Mycology, German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Clinical Trials Centre Cologne (ZKS Köln), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Danila Seidel
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine, ECMM Diamond Center of Excellence in Medical Mycology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Pavel Žák
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine - Division of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Faculty Hospital in Hradec Králové, Charles University in Prague, Hradec Králové, Czechia
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21
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Trk1, the sole potassium-specific transporter in Candida glabrata, contributes to the proper functioning of various cell processes. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 35:124. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-019-2698-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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22
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Jalab M, Critchley ME, Taylor CM, Lawrence CL, Smith RB. 1,8-Substituted anthraquinones, anthrones and bianthrones as potential non-azole leads against fungal infections. Bioorg Chem 2019; 91:103151. [PMID: 31362198 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of a variety of 1,8-substituted anthraquinones, anthrones and bianthrones and their potential as antifungal agents is evaluated. Preliminary screening against Schizosaccharomyces pombe (S. pombe), a fission yeast, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (S. cerevisiae), a budding yeast, is reported. Both these yeast species demonstrate close homologue to a number of pathogenic fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murhaf Jalab
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK
| | - Megan E Critchley
- Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences and Computing, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK
| | - Charlotte M Taylor
- Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences and Computing, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK
| | - Clare L Lawrence
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK
| | - Robert B Smith
- Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences and Computing, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK.
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Kujbida P, Maia PP, Araújo AND, Mendes LD, Oliveira MLD, Silva-Rocha WP, Brito GQD, Chaves GM, Martins I. Risk assessment of the occurrence of aflatoxin and fungi in peanuts and cashew nuts. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-97902019000118135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Paula Kujbida
- Fluminense Federal University, Brazil; Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
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Genomes shed light on the secret life of Candida glabrata: not so asexual, not so commensal. Curr Genet 2018; 65:93-98. [PMID: 30027485 PMCID: PMC6342864 DOI: 10.1007/s00294-018-0867-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2018] [Revised: 07/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Candida glabrata is an opportunistic yeast pathogen, whose incidence has increased over the last decades. Despite its genus name, this species is actually more closely related to the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae than to other Candida pathogens, such as Candida albicans. Hence, C. glabrata and C. albicans must have acquired the ability to infect humans independently, which is reflected in the use of different mechanism for virulence, and survival in the host. Yet, research on C. glabrata suffers from assumptions carried over from the more studied C. albicans. Regarding the adaptation of C. glabrata to the human host, the prejudice was that, just as C. albicans, C. glabrata is a natural human commensal that turns deadly when immune defenses weaken. It was also considered asexual, as no one has observed mating, diploids, or spores, despite great efforts. However, the recent analysis of whole genomes from globally distributed C. glabrata isolates have shaken these assumptions. C. glabrata seems to be only secondarily associated to humans, as indicated by a lack of co-evolution with its host, and genomic footprints of recombination shows compelling evidence that this yeast is able to have sex. Here, we discuss the implications of this and other recent findings and highlight the new questions opened by this change in paradigm.
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Ricci A, Allende A, Bolton D, Chemaly M, Davies R, Fernández Escámez PS, Girones R, Koutsoumanis K, Lindqvist R, Nørrung B, Robertson L, Ru G, Sanaa M, Simmons M, Skandamis P, Snary E, Speybroeck N, Ter Kuile B, Threlfall J, Wahlström H, Cocconcelli PS, Peixe L, Maradona MP, Querol A, Suarez JE, Sundh I, Vlak J, Barizzone F, Correia S, Herman L. Update of the list of QPS-recommended biological agents intentionally added to food or feed as notified to EFSA 8: suitability of taxonomic units notified to EFSA until March 2018. EFSA J 2018; 16:e05315. [PMID: 32625958 PMCID: PMC7009647 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2018.5315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The qualified presumption of safety (QPS) was developed to provide a harmonised generic pre‐evaluation procedure to support safety risk assessments of biological agents performed by EFSA's Scientific Panels. The identity, body of knowledge, safety concerns and antimicrobial resistance of valid taxonomic units were assessed. Safety concerns identified for a taxonomic unit are, where possible and reasonable in number, reflected by ‘qualifications’ which should be assessed at the strain level by the EFSA's Scientific Panels. During the current assessment, no new information was found that would change the previously recommended QPS taxonomic units and their qualifications. The Panel clarified that the qualification ‘for production purpose only’ implies the absence of viable cells of the production organism in the final product and can also be applied for food and feed products based on microbial biomass. Between September 2017 and March 2018, the QPS notification list was updated with 46 microorganisms from applications for market authorisation. From these, 28 biological agents already had QPS status, 15 were excluded of the QPS exercise from the previous QPS mandate (10 filamentous fungi and one bacteriophage) or from further evaluations within the current mandate (two notifications of Streptomyces spp. and one of Escherichia coli), and one was excluded where confirmatory data for the risk assessment of a plant protection product (PPP) was requested (Pseudomonas sp.). Three taxonomic units were (re)evaluated: Paracoccus carotinifaciens and Paenibacillus lentus had been previously evaluated in 2008 and 2014, respectively, and were now re‐evaluated within this mandate, and Yarrowia lipolytica, which was evaluated for the first time. P. carotinifaciens and P. lentus cannot be granted QPS status due to lack of scientific knowledge. Y. lipolytica is recommended for QPS status, but only for production purpose.
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The Effect of Some Natural Essential Oils Against Bovine Mastitis Caused by Prototheca zopfii Isolates In Vitro. Mycopathologia 2018; 183:541-550. [PMID: 29380186 PMCID: PMC5958151 DOI: 10.1007/s11046-018-0246-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of essential oils obtained from Thymus vulgaris L., Origanum vulgare L., Origanum majerana L., Mentha × piperita L. and Allium ursinum L. against Prototheca zopfii strains that cause inflammation of the udder (mastitis) in cows. The study was conducted on ten strains derived from milk samples. The microdilution method was used to determine the sensitivity of P. zopfii strains to the studied essential oils, and the disk diffusion method was used to determine the sensitivity to antifungal chemotherapeutics. The plates were incubated for 48 h at 37 °C under aerobic conditions. All strains of algae were sensitive to the essential oils marjoram, thyme and oregano and resistant to mint and garlic oils. MIC values ranged from 0.25 to 1 μl/ml. Marjoram oil demonstrated the greatest activity, and oregano oil the weakest. Among the antifungal agents tested, 90% of strains showed sensitivity to nystatin. One of the tested strains (71/IV) was resistant to all investigated antifungal agents. The tested essential oils are known to have anti-algae activity and can be used as natural agents for prophylaxis in animals, particularly in mastitis-affected cows.
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Kesmen Z, Özbekar E, Büyükkiraz M. Multifragment melting analysis of yeast species isolated from spoiled fruits. J Appl Microbiol 2018; 124:522-534. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.13645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Z. Kesmen
- Department of Food Engineering; Faculty of Engineering; Erciyes University; Kayseri Turkey
| | - E. Özbekar
- Department of Food Engineering; Faculty of Engineering; Erciyes University; Kayseri Turkey
| | - M.E. Büyükkiraz
- Department of Food Engineering; Faculty of Engineering; Erciyes University; Kayseri Turkey
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Barbosa LN, Ferreira RS, Luiza Mello P, Garcia Garces H, Luana Chechi J, Frachin T, De Barros LC, De Moraes Guimenes Bosco S, Bagagli E, Fernandes Júnior A, Barraviera B, Delazari Dos Santos L. Molecular identification and phylogenetic analysis of Bothrops insularis bacterial and fungal microbiota. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2018; 81:142-153. [PMID: 29319420 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2017.1395581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Bothrops insularis, known as the golden lancehead snake, has its natural habitat restricted to Queimada Grande Island on the southern coast of Brazil. This culture-dependent study aimed to identify microorganisms obtained from the mouth, eyes, and cloaca of this species. Swabs from 20 snakes were collected for fungal and bacterial isolation. DNA was extracted from all samples, and identification was performed by amplifying the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 regions and the 16S rDNA gene, respectively. All strains were identified and deposited in the GenBank nucleotide database. MEGA v6.0 software was utilized to construct phylogenetic trees. In total, 100 strains were isolated and characterized, from which 42 fungi were distributed into 23 species and 58 bacteria into 13 species. The genus Fusarium was predominant since 11 strains and probably a new species was isolated from this fungus. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterococcus faecalis were the predominant groups of aerobic bacteria isolated. Phylogenetic analyses between bacterial and fungal sequences suggest a similarity between the microorganisms found on the island and on the continent. These findings may be attributed to anthropic actions resulting from both expeditions to the island and actions of migratory birds, which are the main sources of food for snakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidiane Nunes Barbosa
- a Center for the Study of Venoms and Venomous Animals (CEVAP) , Sao Paulo State University (UNESP) , Botucatu , Sao Paulo , Brazil
| | - Rui Seabra Ferreira
- a Center for the Study of Venoms and Venomous Animals (CEVAP) , Sao Paulo State University (UNESP) , Botucatu , Sao Paulo , Brazil
- c Graduate Program in Tropical Diseases, Botucatu Medical School , Sao Paulo State University (UNESP) , Botucatu , Sao Paulo , Brazil
| | - Priscila Luiza Mello
- b Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu , Sao Paulo State University (UNESP) , Botucatu , Sao Paulo , Brazil
| | - Hans Garcia Garces
- b Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu , Sao Paulo State University (UNESP) , Botucatu , Sao Paulo , Brazil
| | - Jéssica Luana Chechi
- b Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu , Sao Paulo State University (UNESP) , Botucatu , Sao Paulo , Brazil
| | - Tarsila Frachin
- b Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu , Sao Paulo State University (UNESP) , Botucatu , Sao Paulo , Brazil
| | - Luciana Curtolo De Barros
- a Center for the Study of Venoms and Venomous Animals (CEVAP) , Sao Paulo State University (UNESP) , Botucatu , Sao Paulo , Brazil
| | - Sandra De Moraes Guimenes Bosco
- b Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu , Sao Paulo State University (UNESP) , Botucatu , Sao Paulo , Brazil
| | - Eduardo Bagagli
- b Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu , Sao Paulo State University (UNESP) , Botucatu , Sao Paulo , Brazil
| | - Ary Fernandes Júnior
- b Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu , Sao Paulo State University (UNESP) , Botucatu , Sao Paulo , Brazil
| | - Benedito Barraviera
- a Center for the Study of Venoms and Venomous Animals (CEVAP) , Sao Paulo State University (UNESP) , Botucatu , Sao Paulo , Brazil
- c Graduate Program in Tropical Diseases, Botucatu Medical School , Sao Paulo State University (UNESP) , Botucatu , Sao Paulo , Brazil
| | - Lucilene Delazari Dos Santos
- a Center for the Study of Venoms and Venomous Animals (CEVAP) , Sao Paulo State University (UNESP) , Botucatu , Sao Paulo , Brazil
- c Graduate Program in Tropical Diseases, Botucatu Medical School , Sao Paulo State University (UNESP) , Botucatu , Sao Paulo , Brazil
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Alves JN, Elston LB, Brisola ML. Incidência de Candida spp. segundo a sazonalidade em excretas de aves silvestres e exóticas cativas analisadas no Laboratório ADN/Poços de Caldas-MG, Brasil (2010-2014). PESQUISA VETERINARIA BRASILEIRA 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-736x2017001000018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
RESUMO: Candidíase é a doença causada pelas leveduras do gênero Candida spp., agindo tanto como agentes primários ou secundários de doenças importantes em aves e humanos. O presente estudo teve por objetivo estudar as 599 amostras com pedido de diagnóstico para Candida spp. em um laboratório diagnóstico comercial na cidade de Poços de Caldas, MG-Brasil, no período de 2010 à 2014, levando em consideração a sazonalidade (verão, outono, inverno e primavera) e origem geográfica das amostras. Ao analisar o grupo com todas as ordens de aves em todo território brasileiro, foram 28,05% resultados positivos (168/599) e 71,95% resultados negativos (431/599), sendo 19,9% (119/599) dos resultados obtidos no verão, 30,6% (183/599) no outono, 28,04% (168/599) no inverno e 21,54% (129/599) na primavera. Dentro dos resultados obtidos, no verão 31,09% (37/119) foram positivos; no outono 31,15% (57/183); no inverno 30,4% (51/168) e por fim, na primavera 17,83% (23/129) (Quadro 3), tendo sido demonstrada baixa incidência nesta última estação (p=0,003) pelo teste de Qui-Quadrado. Com base nestes achados conclui-se que durante a primavera, há diminuição da incidência de resultados positivos para Candida spp. possivelmente devido a um aumento da imunocompetência destes animais durante esta estação, sendo necessários mais estudos para associar resultados clínico-práticos aos estatísticos encontrados nesta pesquisa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jackeline N. Alves
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais, Brazil; PUC-Minas Poços de Caldas, Brazil
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Tian B, Yan Q, Wang J, Ding C, Sai S. Enhanced antifungal activity of voriconazole-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers against Candida albicans with a dimorphic switching model. Int J Nanomedicine 2017; 12:7131-7141. [PMID: 29026306 PMCID: PMC5627732 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s145695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida commonly adheres to implanted medical devices and forms biofilms. Due to the minimal activity of current antifungals against biofilms, new drugs or drug-delivery systems to treat these persistent infections are urgently needed. In the present investigation, voriconazole-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (Vrc-NLCs) were formulated for enhanced drug-delivery efficiency to C. albicans to increase the antifungal activity of Vrc and to improve the treatment of infectious Candida diseases. Vrc-NLCs were prepared by a hot-melt, high-pressure homogenization method, and size distribution, ζ-potential, morphology, drug-encapsulation efficiency, drug loading, and physical stability were characterized. The antifungal activity of Vrc-NLCs in vitro was tested during planktonic and biofilm growth in C. albicans. The mean particle size of the Vrc-NLCs was 45.62±0.53 nm, and they exhibited spheroid-like morphology, smooth surfaces, and ζ-potential of -0.69±0.03 mV. Encapsulation efficiency and drug loading of Vrc-NLCs were 75.37%±2.65% and 3.77%±0.13%, respectively. Physical stability results revealed that despite the low measured ζ-potential, the dispersion of the Vrc-NLCs was stable during their 3-week storage at 4°C. The minimum inhibitory concentration of Vrc-NLCs was identical to that of Vrc. However, the inhibition rate of Vrc-NLCs at lower concentrations was significantly higher than that of Vrc during planktonic growth in C. albicans in yeast-extract peptone dextrose medium. Surprisingly, Vrc-NLCs treatment reduced cell density in biofilm growth in C. albicans and induced more switches form hyphal cells to yeast cells compared with Vrc treatment. In conclusion, Vrc-NLCs maintain antifungal activity of Vrc and increase antifungal drug-delivery efficiency to C. albicans. Therefore, Vrc-NLCs will greatly contribute to the treatment of infectious diseases caused by C. albicans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baocheng Tian
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai
| | - Qi Yan
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai
| | - Juan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai
| | - Chen Ding
- College of Life and Health Science, Northeastern University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Sixiang Sai
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai
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Rosario Medina I, Román Fuentes L, Batista Arteaga M, Real Valcárcel F, Acosta Arbelo F, Padilla Del Castillo D, Déniz Suárez S, Ferrer Quintana O, Vega Gutiérrez B, Silva Sergent F, Acosta-Hernández B. Pigeons and their droppings as reservoirs of Candida and other zoonotic yeasts. Rev Iberoam Micol 2017; 34:211-214. [PMID: 28720316 DOI: 10.1016/j.riam.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The importance of pigeons as reservoirs and carriers of Cryptococcus neoformans and other species of this genus is well-known; however, less is known about their role as reservoirs and carriers of other yeasts that impact public health. AIMS The present study was performed on Gran Canaria Island to define yeasts other than Cryptococcus spp. that have been reported to impact public health and which could be carried by pigeons. METHODS Samples were obtained from 83 pigeon lofts (Columba livia); moreover, 331 crop samples, 331 cloacal samples and 174 dropping samples were collected. In addition, 17 dropping samples were taken from a total of 17 public squares. Samples were inoculated on Sabouraud dextrose agar with chloramphenicol. RESULTS Different yeast species, i.e. Candida guilliermondii (24.36%), Candida kefyr (1.21%), Saccharomyces cerevisiae (2.43%), and Trichosporon asahii (1.21%) were isolated for the first time from the cloaca. The most frequently isolated yeast from the crop, cloaca and dropping samples from lofts was C. guilliermondii (30.46%, 24.36% and 49.37%, respectively). In addition, for the first time, C. kefyr (3.65%), Candida pelliculosa (2.43%), Candida rugosa (1.21%), T. asahii (3.65%), Trichosporon mucoides (3.65%) and Prototheca wickerhamii (1.21%) were obtained from crop samples; Candida pelliculosa (1.20%), T. asahii (9.63%) and T. mucoides (7.22%) were isolated from dropping samples in the lofts. Candida albicans was the most frequently isolated yeast in dropping samples collected in public squares. CONCLUSIONS It can be assumed that pigeons and their droppings act as carriers and reservoirs of Candida spp. and other zoonotic yeasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inmaculada Rosario Medina
- Instituto Universitario de Sanidad Animal y Seguridad Alimentaria (IUSA), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Lorena Román Fuentes
- Instituto Universitario de Sanidad Animal y Seguridad Alimentaria (IUSA), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Miguel Batista Arteaga
- Instituto Universitario de Sanidad Animal y Seguridad Alimentaria (IUSA), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Fernando Real Valcárcel
- Instituto Universitario de Sanidad Animal y Seguridad Alimentaria (IUSA), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Félix Acosta Arbelo
- Instituto Universitario de Sanidad Animal y Seguridad Alimentaria (IUSA), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Daniel Padilla Del Castillo
- Instituto Universitario de Sanidad Animal y Seguridad Alimentaria (IUSA), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Soraya Déniz Suárez
- Instituto Universitario de Sanidad Animal y Seguridad Alimentaria (IUSA), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Otilia Ferrer Quintana
- Instituto Universitario de Sanidad Animal y Seguridad Alimentaria (IUSA), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Belinda Vega Gutiérrez
- Instituto Universitario de Sanidad Animal y Seguridad Alimentaria (IUSA), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Freddy Silva Sergent
- Instituto Universitario de Sanidad Animal y Seguridad Alimentaria (IUSA), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Begoña Acosta-Hernández
- Instituto Universitario de Sanidad Animal y Seguridad Alimentaria (IUSA), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain.
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Risk of Fungal Infection to Dental Patients. ScientificWorldJournal 2017; 2017:2982478. [PMID: 28695189 PMCID: PMC5488164 DOI: 10.1155/2017/2982478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungi can cause various diseases, and some pathogenic fungi have been detected in the water of dental equipment. This environment offers suitable conditions for fungal biofilms to emerge, which can facilitate mycological contamination. This study verified whether the water employed in the dental units of two dental clinics at the University of Franca was contaminated with fungi. This study also evaluated the ability of the detected fungi to form biofilms. The high-revving engine contained the largest average amount of fungi, 14.93 ± 18.18 CFU/mL. The main fungal species verified in this equipment belonged to the genera Aspergillus spp., Fusarium spp., Candida spp., and Rhodotorula spp. Among the isolated filamentous fungi, only one fungus of the genus Fusarium spp. did not form biofilms. As for yeasts, all the Candida spp. isolates grew as biofilm, but none of the Rhodotorula spp. isolates demonstrated this ability. Given that professionals and patients are often exposed to water and aerosols generated by the dental procedure, the several fungal species detected herein represent a potential risk especially to immunocompromised patients undergoing dental treatment. Therefore, frequent microbiological monitoring of the water employed in dental equipment is crucial to reduce the presence of contaminants.
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Pérez-Torrado R, Querol A. Saccharomyces cerevisiae show low levels of traversal across human endothelial barrier in vitro. F1000Res 2017; 6:944. [PMID: 28979764 PMCID: PMC5605952 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.11782.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Saccharomyces cerevisiae is generally considered safe, and is involved in the production of many types of foods and dietary supplements. However, some isolates, which are genetically related to strains used in brewing and baking, have shown virulent traits, being able to produce infections in humans, mainly in immunodeficient patients. This can lead to systemic infections in humans. Methods: In this work, we studied S. cerevisiae isolates in an in vitro human endothelial barrier model, comparing their behaviour with that of several strains of the related pathogens Candida glabrata and Candida albicans. Results: The results showed that this food related yeast is able to cross the endothelial barrier in vitro. However, in contrast to C. glabrata and C. albicans, S. cerevisiae showed very low levels of traversal. Conclusions: We conclude that using an in vitro human endothelial barrier model with S. cerevisiae can be useful to evaluate the safety of S. cerevisiae strains isolated from foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Pérez-Torrado
- Food Biotechnology Department, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology (IATA-CSIC), Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Amparo Querol
- Food Biotechnology Department, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology (IATA-CSIC), Paterna, Valencia, Spain
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Pérez-Torrado R, Querol A. Saccharomyces cerevisiae show low levels of traversal across the human blood brain barrier in vitro. F1000Res 2017; 6:944. [PMID: 28979764 PMCID: PMC5605952 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.11782.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Saccharomyces cerevisiae is generally considered safe, and is involved in the production of many types of foods and dietary supplements. However, some isolates, which are genetically related to strains used in brewing and baking, have shown virulent traits, being able to produce infections in humans, mainly in immunodeficient patients. This can lead to systemic infections in humans. METHODS In this work, we studied S. cerevisiae isolates in an in vitro human blood brain barrier model, comparing their behaviour with that of several strains of the related pathogens Candida glabrata and Candida albicans. RESULTS The results showed that this food related yeast is able to cross the blood brain barrier in vitro. However, in contrast to C. glabrata and C. albicans, S. cerevisiae showed very low levels of traversal. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that using an in vitro human blood brain barrier model with S. cerevisiae can be useful to evaluate the safety of S. cerevisiae strains isolated from foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Pérez-Torrado
- Food Biotechnology Department, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology (IATA-CSIC), Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Amparo Querol
- Food Biotechnology Department, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology (IATA-CSIC), Paterna, Valencia, Spain
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Monapathi ME, Bezuidenhout CC, Rhode OHJ. Water quality and antifungal susceptibility of opportunistic yeast pathogens from rivers. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2017; 75:1319-1331. [PMID: 28333048 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2016.580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Yeasts from water sources have been associated with diseases ranging from superficial mucosal infections to life threatening diseases. The aim of this study was to determine the water quality as well as diversity and antifungal susceptibility of yeasts from two rivers. Yeast levels and physico-chemical parameter data were analyzed by principal component analysis to determine correlations between physico-chemical data and yeast levels. Yeast morphotypes were identified by biochemical tests and 26S rRNA gene sequencing. Disk diffusion antifungal susceptibility tests were conducted. Physico-chemical parameters of the water were within target water quality range (TWQR) for livestock farming. For irrigational use, total dissolved solids and nitrates were not within the TWQR. Yeast levels ranged between 27 ± 10 and 2,573 ± 306 cfu/L. Only non-pigmented, ascomycetous yeasts were isolated. Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida glabrata were most frequently isolated. Several other opportunistic pathogens were also isolated. A large number of isolates were resistant to azoles, especially fluconazole, but also to other antifungal classes. Candida species were resistant to almost all the antifungal classes. These water sources are used for recreation and religious as well as for watering livestock and irrigation. Of particular concern is the direct contact of individuals with opportunistic yeast, especially the immune-compromised. Resistance of these yeast species to antifungal agents is a further health concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Monapathi
- Unit for Environmental Science and Management - Microbiology, North-West University, Environmental Sciences, Potchefstroom Campus, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa E-mail:
| | - C C Bezuidenhout
- Unit for Environmental Science and Management - Microbiology, North-West University, Environmental Sciences, Potchefstroom Campus, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa E-mail:
| | - O H J Rhode
- Agricultural Research Council-Grain Crops Institute, Potchefstroom, South Africa
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Amphotericin B-conjugated biogenic silver nanoparticles as an innovative strategy for fungal infections. Microb Pathog 2016; 99:271-281. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2016.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Revised: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Update of the list of QPS‐recommended biological agents intentionally added to food or feed as notified to EFSA 4: suitability of taxonomic units notified to EFSA until March 2016. EFSA J 2016. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2016.4522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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Pontieri E, Caracciolo C, Ceddia T, Oliva B, Ferrini A, Girmenia C, D'Antonio D. Genetic Variability among Blastoschizomyces Capitatus Isolates from Different Clinical Sources. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2016; 18:531-9. [PMID: 16164834 DOI: 10.1177/039463200501800313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sixteen clinical isolates and nine ATCC reference strains of Blastoschizomyces capitatus were analysed genetically, examined for the cellobiose, arbutin and salicin assimilation and tested for the aspartyl-proteinase secretion. The restriction endonuclease analysis (REA) with HpaII and HinfI enzymes and the electrophoretic karyotype (EK) were investigated. Both the restriction enzymes revealed two groups (I, II) constituted by the same isolates: 17 isolates (68%) in group I and 8 (32%) in group II. The EK analysis revealed sixteen groups. These data prompts for a genetic variability of the isolates of Blastoschizomyces capitatus and their account in two distinct genetic groups as suggested by REA. This grouping was confirmed by examing the utilisation of cellobiose, arbutin and salicin. The tests for secretory aspartyl proteinase (Sap) were positive only for three isolates, suggesting a marginal role of this specific enzyme in pathogenesis for these isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Pontieri
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Microbiology, University of L'Aquila, Italy.
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Palková Z, Váchová L. Yeast cell differentiation: Lessons from pathogenic and non-pathogenic yeasts. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2016; 57:110-119. [PMID: 27084693 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2016.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Revised: 04/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Yeasts, historically considered to be single-cell organisms, are able to activate different differentiation processes. Individual yeast cells can change their life-styles by processes of phenotypic switching such as the switch from yeast-shaped cells to filamentous cells (pseudohyphae or true hyphae) and the transition among opaque, white and gray cell-types. Yeasts can also create organized multicellular structures such as colonies and biofilms, and the latter are often observed as contaminants on surfaces in industry and medical care and are formed during infections of the human body. Multicellular structures are formed mostly of stationary-phase or slow-growing cells that diversify into specific cell subpopulations that have unique metabolic properties and can fulfill specific tasks. In addition to the development of multiple protective mechanisms, processes of metabolic reprogramming that reflect a changed environment help differentiated individual cells and/or community cell constituents to survive harmful environmental attacks and/or to escape the host immune system. This review aims to provide an overview of differentiation processes so far identified in individual yeast cells as well as in multicellular communities of yeast pathogens of the Candida and Cryptococcus spp. and the Candida albicans close relative, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Molecular mechanisms and extracellular signals potentially involved in differentiation processes are also briefly mentioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zdena Palková
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Viničná 5, 128 44 Prague 2, Czech Republic.
| | - Libuše Váchová
- Institute of Microbiology of the CAS, v.v.i., Vídeňská 1083, 142 20, Prague 4, Czech Republic.
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Potassium Uptake Mediated by Trk1 Is Crucial for Candida glabrata Growth and Fitness. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0153374. [PMID: 27058598 PMCID: PMC4825953 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The maintenance of potassium homeostasis is crucial for all types of cells, including Candida glabrata. Three types of plasma-membrane systems mediating potassium influx with different transport mechanisms have been described in yeasts: the Trk1 uniporter, the Hak cation-proton symporter and the Acu ATPase. The C. glabrata genome contains only one gene encoding putative system for potassium uptake, the Trk1 uniporter. Therefore, its importance in maintaining adequate levels of intracellular potassium appears to be critical for C. glabrata cells. In this study, we first confirmed the potassium-uptake activity of the identified gene’s product by heterologous expression in a suitable S. cerevisiae mutant, further we generated a corresponding deletion mutant in C. glabrata and analysed its phenotype in detail. The obtained results show a pleiotropic effect on the cell physiology when CgTRK1 is deleted, affecting not only the ability of trk1Δ to grow at low potassium concentrations, but also the tolerance to toxic alkali-metal cations and cationic drugs, as well as the membrane potential and intracellular pH. Taken together, our results find the sole potassium uptake system in C. glabrata cells to be a promising target in the search for its specific inhibitors and in developing new antifungal drugs.
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Deconinck L, Meybeck A, Pradier M, Patoz P, Melliez H, Senneville E. Community acquired fungemia caused by Candida pulcherrima: diagnostic contribution of MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob 2016; 15:14. [PMID: 26951431 PMCID: PMC4782459 DOI: 10.1186/s12941-016-0129-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Community-onset candidemia constitute a distinct clinical entity the incidence of which is increasing. Contribution of non-albicans Candida species is rising. CASE PRESENTATION We describe here the first reported case of community acquired fungemia due to Candida pulcherrima. Identification to the species level was performed by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Treatment with fluconazole was successful. CONCLUSION This case confirms the pathogenic role of C. pulcherrima and the contribution of MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry for identification of rare Candida species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurène Deconinck
- Centre Hospitalier Dron, Service Universitaire des Maladies Infectieuses et du voyageur, 135 avenue du Président Coty, 59200, Tourcoing, France.
| | - Agnès Meybeck
- Centre Hospitalier Dron, Service Universitaire des Maladies Infectieuses et du voyageur, 135 avenue du Président Coty, 59200, Tourcoing, France.
| | - Maxime Pradier
- Centre Hospitalier Dron, Service Universitaire des Maladies Infectieuses et du voyageur, 135 avenue du Président Coty, 59200, Tourcoing, France.
| | - Pierre Patoz
- Laboratoire de biologie, Centre Hospitalier Dron, 135 avenue du Président Coty, 59200, Tourcoing, France.
| | - Hugues Melliez
- Centre Hospitalier Dron, Service Universitaire des Maladies Infectieuses et du voyageur, 135 avenue du Président Coty, 59200, Tourcoing, France.
| | - Eric Senneville
- Centre Hospitalier Dron, Service Universitaire des Maladies Infectieuses et du voyageur, 135 avenue du Président Coty, 59200, Tourcoing, France.
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Sugita T, Yamazaki T, Makimura K, Cho O, Yamada S, Ohshima H, Mukai C. Comprehensive analysis of the skin fungal microbiota of astronauts during a half-year stay at the International Space Station. Med Mycol 2016; 54:232-9. [DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myv121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Gabaldón T, Carreté L. The birth of a deadly yeast: tracing the evolutionary emergence of virulence traits in Candida glabrata. FEMS Yeast Res 2015; 16:fov110. [PMID: 26684722 PMCID: PMC5815135 DOI: 10.1093/femsyr/fov110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The yeast Candida glabrata is an opportunistic human fungal pathogen whose incidence has increased in the last two decades. Despite its name, this yeast is only distantly related to the model fungal pathogen C. albicans, and more closely related to Saccharomyces cerevisiae and other yeasts that underwent an ancient whole-genome duplication. Understanding what specific traits make C. glabrata a successful opportunistic pathogen within a clade of mostly innocuous yeasts, and how these compare to virulence traits in distant pathogens such as C. albicans is a focus of intense research. From an evolutionary perspective, uncovering how the ability to infect humans has emerged multiple, independent times in different lineages may reveal new disease mechanisms and provide us with the capacity to predict which genomic features in a clade may confer a higher potential to develop virulence against humans. Candida glabrata is an opportunistic human pathogen; genomics analyses have revealed its evolutionary path to virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toni Gabaldón
- Bioinformatics and Genomics Programme, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Dr Aiguader 88, Barcelona 08003, Spain Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003 Barcelona, Spain Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laia Carreté
- Bioinformatics and Genomics Programme, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Dr Aiguader 88, Barcelona 08003, Spain Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
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Clinical Characteristics, Laboratory Identification, and In Vitro Antifungal Susceptibility of Yarrowia (Candida) lipolytica Isolates Causing Fungemia: a Multicenter, Prospective Surveillance Study. J Clin Microbiol 2015; 53:3639-45. [PMID: 26311865 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01985-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Our case series showed that uncomplicated Yarrowia lipolytica fungemia might be treated with catheter removal alone. The Vitek 2 YST identification (ID) card system, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), and internal transcribed spacer and 25S nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrDNA) gene sequencing provided reliable identification. All isolates had low MICs to voriconazole, echinocandins, and amphotericin B.
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Hsu PH, Chiang PC, Liu CH, Chang YW. Characterization of Cell Wall Proteins in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Clinical Isolates Elucidates Hsp150p in Virulence. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0135174. [PMID: 26270963 PMCID: PMC4535956 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0135174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has recently been described as an emerging opportunistic fungal pathogen. Fungal cell wall mannoproteins have been demonstrated to be involved in adhesion to inert surfaces and might be engaged in virulence. In this study, we observed four clinical isolates of S. cerevisiae with relatively hydrophobic cell surfaces. Yeast cell wall subproteome was evaluated quantitatively by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. We identified totally 25 cell wall proteins (CWPs) from log-phase cells, within which 15 CWPs were quantified. The abundance of Scw10p, Pst1p, and Hsp150p/Pir2p were at least 2 folds higher in the clinical isolates than in S288c lab strain. Hsp150p is one of the members in Pir family conserved in pathogenic fungi Candida glabrata and Candida albicans. Overexpression of Hsp150p in lab strain increased cell wall integrity and potentially enhanced the virulence of yeast. Altogether, these results demonstrated that quantitative cell wall subproteome was analyzed in clinical isolates of S. cerevisiae, and several CWPs, especially Hsp150p, were found to be expressed at higher levels which presumably contribute to strain virulence and fungal pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pang-Hung Hsu
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (YC); (PH)
| | - Pei-Chi Chiang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hsun Liu
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Wen Chang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (YC); (PH)
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Tiwari V, Hui M, Rai M. Incidence of Candida Species in Urinary Tract Infections and Their Control by Using Bioactive Compounds Occurring in Medicinal Plants. Med Mycol 2015. [DOI: 10.1201/b18707-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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Jindal N, Arora S, Dhuria N, Arora D. Cyberlindnera (Pichia) fabianii infection in a neutropenic child: importance of molecular identification. JMM Case Rep 2015. [DOI: 10.1099/jmmcr.0.000033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Neerja Jindal
- Department of Microbiology, Guru Gobind Singh Medical College & Hospital, Faridkot, India
| | - Shilpa Arora
- Department of Microbiology, Guru Gobind Singh Medical College & Hospital, Faridkot, India
| | - Nitika Dhuria
- Department of Microbiology, Guru Gobind Singh Medical College & Hospital, Faridkot, India
| | - Deepak Arora
- Department of Microbiology, Guru Gobind Singh Medical College & Hospital, Faridkot, India
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In Vitro Studies of Chromone-Tetrazoles against Pathogenic Protozoa, Bacteria, and Fungi. Molecules 2015; 20:12436-49. [PMID: 26184131 PMCID: PMC6332438 DOI: 10.3390/molecules200712436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Revised: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In vitro studies to fourteen previously synthesized chromone-tetrazoles and four novel fluorine-containing analogs were conducted against pathogenic protozoan (Entamoeba histolytica), pathogenic bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus), and human fungal pathogens (Sporothrix schenckii, Candida albicans, and Candida tropicalis), which have become in a serious health problem, mainly in tropical countries.
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Basu S, Tilak R, Kumar A. Multidrug-resistant Trichosporon: an unusual fungal sepsis in preterm neonates. Pathog Glob Health 2015; 109:202-6. [PMID: 26039332 DOI: 10.1179/2047773215y.0000000019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a cluster of three extremely-low birth weight (ELBW), preterm neonates who developed late-onset sepsis (LOS) by Trichosporon asahii within a span of 1 week period. Two of these cases had the initial diagnosis of respiratory distress syndrome and the third one was admitted for low birth weight and prematurity. Initial sepsis screen was negative and blood culture was sterile in all. Late-onset sepsis was developed after the first week of life and the presenting features were lethargy, feeding intolerance, bleeding manifestations, positive sepsis screen and severe thrombocytopaenia. The isolates were sensitive to voriconazole but resistant to both amphotericin-B and fluconazole on all occasions. All the infants were treated with liposomal amphotericin-B before the availability of culture reports but the clinical deterioration was rapid and all three neonates succumbed to death before we could procure voriconazole. The source of the outbreak could not be identified from multiple surface cultures from the unit and screening of the health care staffs. We emphasise the need for high index of suspicion for unusual fungal pathogens, resistant to conventional antifungal drugs while treating preterm neonates with LOS.
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Phenotypic Detection of Genitourinary Candidiasis among Sexually Transmitted Disease Clinic Attendees in Ladoke Akintola University Teaching Hospital, Osogbo, Nigeria. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2015; 2015:401340. [PMID: 26064140 PMCID: PMC4438167 DOI: 10.1155/2015/401340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Revised: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The management of genitourinary candidiasis (GC) is fraught with challenges, especially, in an era of increasing antifungal resistance. This descriptive cross-sectional study conducted between May 2013 and January 2014 determined the prevalence and characteristics of GC and the species of Candida among 369 attendees of a Sexually Transmitted Disease (STD) clinic of Ladoke Akintola University Teaching Hospital, Osogbo, Nigeria. Appropriate urogenital specimen collected from each attendee was examined by microscopy and culture for Candida, with preliminary species identification by CHROMAgar Candida and confirmation by Analytical Profile Index (API) 20C AUX. The age range of attendees was 1-80 years, mean age was 36.32 ± 11.34 years, and male to female ratio was 1 to 3. The prevalence of genitourinary candidiasis was 47.4%, with 4.9% in males and 42.5% in females (p < 0.0001). The age groups 31-45 and 16-30 have the highest prevalence of 23.3% and 16.8%, respectively. The species of Candida recovered include Candida glabrata 46.9%, Candida albicans 33.7%, Candida dubliniensis 9.7%, Candida tropicalis 5.7%, Candida krusei 1.7%, Candida lusitaniae 1.7%, and Candida utilis 0.6%. This study reported non-C. albicans Candida, especially C. glabrata, as the most frequently isolated species in GC, contrary to previous studies in this environment and elsewhere.
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