1
|
Kang KR, Kim JA, Cho GW, Kang HU, Kang HM, Kang JH, Seong BL, Lee SY. Comparative Evaluation of Recombinant and Acellular Pertussis Vaccines in a Murine Model. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:108. [PMID: 38276680 PMCID: PMC10818713 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12010108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Since the 2000s, sporadic outbreaks of whooping cough have been reported in advanced countries, where the acellular pertussis vaccination rate is relatively high, and in developing countries. Small-scale whooping cough has also continued in many countries, due in part to the waning of immune protection after childhood vaccination, necessitating the development of an improved pertussis vaccine and vaccination program. Currently, two different production platforms are being actively pursued in Korea; one is based on the aP (acellular pertussis) vaccine purified from B. pertussis containing pertussis toxoid (PT), filamentous hemagglutin (FHA) and pertactin (PRN), and the other is based on the recombinant aP (raP), containing genetically detoxified pertussis toxin ADP-ribosyltransferase subunit 1 (PtxS1), FHA, and PRN domain, expressed and purified from recombinant E. coli. aP components were further combined with diphtheria and tetanus vaccine components as a prototype DTaP vaccine by GC Pharma (GC DTaP vaccine). We evaluated and compared the immunogenicity and the protective efficacy of aP and raP vaccines in an experimental murine challenge model: humoral immunity in serum, IgA secretion in nasal lavage, bacterial clearance after challenge, PTx (pertussis toxin) CHO cell neutralization titer, cytokine secretion in spleen single cell, and tissue resident memory CD4+ T cell (CD4+ TRM cell) in lung tissues. In humoral immunogenicity, GC DTaP vaccines showed high titers for PT and PRN and showed similar patterns in nasal lavage and IL-5 cytokine secretions. The GC DTaP vaccine and the control vaccine showed equivalent results in bacterial clearance after challenge, PTx CHO cell neutralization assay, and CD4+ TRM cell. In contrast, the recombinant raP vaccine exhibited strong antibody responses for FHA and PRN, albeit with low antibody level of PT and low titer in PTx CHO neutralization assay, as compared to control and GC DTaP vaccines. The raP vaccine provided a sterile lung bacterial clearance comparable to a commercial control vaccine after the experimental challenge in murine model. Moreover, raP exhibited a strong cytokine response and CD4+ TRM cell in lung tissue, comparable or superior to the experimental and commercial DTaP vaccinated groups. Contingent on improving the biophysical stability and humoral response to PT, the raP vaccine warrants further development as an effective alternative to aP vaccines for the control of a pertussis outbreak.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyu-Ri Kang
- The Vaccine Bio Research Institute, Annex to Seoul Saint Mary Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea (J.-H.K.)
| | - Ji-Ahn Kim
- The Vaccine Bio Research Institute, Annex to Seoul Saint Mary Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea (J.-H.K.)
| | - Gyu-Won Cho
- The Vaccine Bio Research Institute, Annex to Seoul Saint Mary Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea (J.-H.K.)
| | - Han-Ul Kang
- The Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Integrative Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Mi Kang
- The Vaccine Bio Research Institute, Annex to Seoul Saint Mary Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea (J.-H.K.)
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Han Kang
- The Vaccine Bio Research Institute, Annex to Seoul Saint Mary Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea (J.-H.K.)
| | - Baik-Lin Seong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Young Lee
- The Vaccine Bio Research Institute, Annex to Seoul Saint Mary Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea (J.-H.K.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Bucheon St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14647, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lambert EE, van Twillert I, Beckers L, Poelen MCM, Han WGH, Pieren DKJ, van Els CACM. Reduced Bordetella pertussis-specific CD4+ T-Cell Responses at Older Age. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2022; 2:737870. [PMID: 35822011 PMCID: PMC9261443 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2021.737870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Pertussis, a human-specific respiratory infectious disease caused by the Gram-negative bacterium Bordetella pertussis (Bp), remains endemic with epidemic years despite high vaccination coverage. Whereas pertussis vaccines and natural infection with Bp confer immune protection, the duration of protection varies and is not lifelong. Recent evidence indicates a considerable underestimation of the pertussis burden among older adults. Whereas the impact of increasing age on Bp-specific humoral immunity has been demonstrated, little is known on immunosenescence of CD4+ T-cell responses in the context of Bp. Here, we aimed to address whether increasing age impacts responsiveness of the Bp-specific CD4+ T-cells in the memory pool following a clinically symptomatic pertussis infection in whole cell vaccine-primed pediatric and adult cases. Cytokine and proliferative responses and phenotypical profiles of CD4+ T cells specific for Bp antigens at an early and late convalescent timepoint were compared. Responses of various Th cytokines, including IFNγ, were significantly lower in older adults at early and late timepoints post diagnosis. In addition, we found lower frequencies of Bp-specific proliferated CD4+ T cells in older adults, in the absence of differences in replication profile. Phenotyping of Bp-specific CD4+ T cells suggested reduced expression of activation markers rather than increased expression of co-inhibitory markers. Altogether, our findings show that the magnitude and functionality of the Bp-specific memory CD4+ T-cell pool decrease at older age. Declined CD4+ T-cell responsiveness to Bp is suggested to contribute to the burden of pertussis in older adults.
Collapse
|
3
|
Orije MRP, García-Fogeda I, Van Dyck W, Corbière V, Mascart F, Mahieu L, Hens N, Van Damme P, Cools N, Ogunjimi B, Maertens K, Leuridan E. Impact of maternal pertussis antibodies on the infants' cellular immune responses. Clin Infect Dis 2021; 75:442-452. [PMID: 34849638 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciab972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Maternal antibody interference of the infant's humoral immune responses raises some concern to the strategy of maternal Tdap (tetanus, diphtheria, acellular pertussis [aP]) vaccination. This study assessed the impact of maternal Tdap antibodies on the infant's pertussis-specific T lymphocyte responses following infant vaccination with an aP containing vaccine, in a term and preterm born cohort. METHODS Heparin samples (±0.5mL) were conveniently drawn from infants of a Belgian prospective cohort study (N=79, NCT02511327), including Tdap vaccinated (Boostrix®) and non-vaccinated women (no Tdap vaccine in the last 5 years) that delivered at term or prematurely. Sampling was performed before and one month after primary (8-12-16 weeks) and booster vaccination (13 or 15 months) with DTaP-IPV-HB-PRP~T vaccine (Hexyon®). Pertussis toxin (PT)-specific CD3 +, CD3 +CD4 + and CD3 +CD8 + lymphoblasts and their cytokine secretions were measured using a flow cytometric assay on whole blood (FASCIA) and multiplex technology (Meso Scale Discovery), respectively. RESULTS 57% of all infants were considered PT-specific CD3 +CD4 + lymphoblasts responders after primary and booster vaccination, whereas 17% were CD3 +CD8 + lymphoblast responders. IFN-γ, IL-13, IL-17A and IL-5 cytokine secretions after primary and booster vaccination were indicative of a mixed T helper (Th) 1/Th2/Th17 cell profile. Lymphoblast and cytokine levels were comparable between term and preterm infants. Non-responders for IL-13 after booster vaccination had higher maternal PT IgG levels at birth when compared to responders. CONCLUSIONS Term and preterm born infants are capable of inducing Th1, Th2 and Th17 responses after aP vaccination, yet maternal vaccination modulate these responses. Evaluation of this effect in larger trials is needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marjolein R P Orije
- Centre for the Evaluation of Vaccination (CEV); Vaccine & Infectious Diseases Institute (VAXINFECTIO), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Irene García-Fogeda
- Centre for Health Economics Research and Modelling Infectious Diseases (CHERMID); Vaccine & Infectious Diseases Institute (VAXINFECTIO); University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Wouter Van Dyck
- Centre for the Evaluation of Vaccination (CEV); Vaccine & Infectious Diseases Institute (VAXINFECTIO), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Véronique Corbière
- Laboratory of Vaccinology and Mucosal Immunity, Université Libre de Bruxelles (U.L.B.), Faculty of Medicine, Belgium
| | - Françoise Mascart
- Laboratory of Vaccinology and Mucosal Immunity, Université Libre de Bruxelles (U.L.B.), Faculty of Medicine, Belgium
| | - Ludo Mahieu
- Department of Paediatrics, Division of Neonatology; University Hospital Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Niel Hens
- Centre for Health Economics Research and Modelling Infectious Diseases (CHERMID); Vaccine & Infectious Diseases Institute (VAXINFECTIO); University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Interuniversity Institute of Biostatistics and statistical Bioinformatics, Data Science Institute, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Pierre Van Damme
- Centre for the Evaluation of Vaccination (CEV); Vaccine & Infectious Diseases Institute (VAXINFECTIO), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Cools
- Immune Regulation and tolerance-inducing Strategies (IRiS); Vaccine & Infectious Diseases Institute (VAXINFECTIO), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Benson Ogunjimi
- Centre for Health Economics Research and Modelling Infectious Diseases (CHERMID); Vaccine & Infectious Diseases Institute (VAXINFECTIO); University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Antwerp Center for Translational Immunology and Virology (ACTIV); Vaccine & Infectious Diseases Institute (VAXINFECTIO); University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Paediatrics; University Hospital Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Kirsten Maertens
- Centre for the Evaluation of Vaccination (CEV); Vaccine & Infectious Diseases Institute (VAXINFECTIO), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Elke Leuridan
- Centre for the Evaluation of Vaccination (CEV); Vaccine & Infectious Diseases Institute (VAXINFECTIO), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kang KR, Huh DH, Kim JA, Kang JH. Immunogenicity of a new enhanced tetanus-reduced dose diphtheria-acellular pertussis (Tdap) vaccine against Bordetella pertussis in a murine model. BMC Immunol 2021; 22:68. [PMID: 34641798 PMCID: PMC8506493 DOI: 10.1186/s12865-021-00457-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The necessity of the tetanus-reduced dose diphtheria-acellular pertussis (Tdap) vaccine in adolescence and adults has been emphasized since the resurgence of small-scale pertussis in Korea and worldwide due to the waning effect of the vaccine and variant pathogenic stains in the late 1990s. GreenCross Pharma (GC Pharma), a Korean company, developed the Tdap vaccine GC3111 in 2010. Recently, they enhanced the vaccine, GC3111, produced previously in 2010 to reinforce the antibody response against filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA). In this study, immunogenicity and efficacy of the enhanced Tdap vaccine compared and evaluated with two Tdap vaccines, GC3111 vaccine produced in 2010 previously and commercially available Tdap vaccine in a murine model. Methods Two tests groups and positive control group of Balb/c mice were primed with two doses of the diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis (DTaP) vaccine followed by a single booster Tdap vaccine at 9 week using the commercially available Tdap vaccine or 2 Tdap vaccines from GC Pharma (GC3111, enhanced GC3111). Humoral response was assessed 1 week before and 2 and 4 weeks after Tdap booster vaccination. The enhanced GC3111 generated similar humoral response compare to the commercial vaccine for filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA). The interferon gamma (IFN-γ) (Th1), interleukin 5 (IL-5) (Th2) and interleukin 17 (IL-17) (Th17) cytokines were assessed 4 weeks after booster vaccination by stimulation with three simulators: heat inactivated Bordetella pertussis (hBp), vaccine antigens, and hBp mixed with antigens (hBp + antigen). A bacterial challenge test was performed 4 weeks after booster vaccination. Results Regarding cell-mediated immunity, cytokine secretion differed among the three simulators. However, no difference was found between two test groups and positive control group. All the vaccinated groups indicated a Th1 or Th1/Th2 response. On Day 5 post-bacterial challenge, B. pertussis colonies were absent in the lungs in two test groups and positive control group. Conclusions Our results confirmed the immunogenicity of GC Pharma’s Tdap vaccine; enhanced GC3111 was equivalent to the presently used commercial vaccine in terms of humoral response as well as cell-mediated cytokine expression. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12865-021-00457-1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyu Ri Kang
- The Vaccine Bio Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Annex to Seoul Saint Mary Hospital, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Korea
| | - Dong Ho Huh
- The Vaccine Bio Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Annex to Seoul Saint Mary Hospital, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Korea
| | - Ji Ahn Kim
- The Vaccine Bio Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Annex to Seoul Saint Mary Hospital, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Korea
| | - Jin Han Kang
- The Vaccine Bio Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Annex to Seoul Saint Mary Hospital, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Korea. .,Department of Pediatrics, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Saso A, Kampmann B, Roetynck S. Vaccine-Induced Cellular Immunity against Bordetella pertussis: Harnessing Lessons from Animal and Human Studies to Improve Design and Testing of Novel Pertussis Vaccines. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:877. [PMID: 34452002 PMCID: PMC8402596 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9080877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pertussis ('whooping cough') is a severe respiratory tract infection that primarily affects young children and unimmunised infants. Despite widespread vaccine coverage, it remains one of the least well-controlled vaccine-preventable diseases, with a recent resurgence even in highly vaccinated populations. Although the exact underlying reasons are still not clear, emerging evidence suggests that a key factor is the replacement of the whole-cell (wP) by the acellular pertussis (aP) vaccine, which is less reactogenic but may induce suboptimal and waning immunity. Differences between vaccines are hypothesised to be cell-mediated, with polarisation of Th1/Th2/Th17 responses determined by the composition of the pertussis vaccine given in infancy. Moreover, aP vaccines elicit strong antibody responses but fail to protect against nasal colonisation and/or transmission, in animal models, thereby potentially leading to inadequate herd immunity. Our review summarises current knowledge on vaccine-induced cellular immune responses, based on mucosal and systemic data collected within experimental animal and human vaccine studies. In addition, we describe key factors that may influence cell-mediated immunity and how antigen-specific responses are measured quantitatively and qualitatively, at both cellular and molecular levels. Finally, we discuss how we can harness this emerging knowledge and novel tools to inform the design and testing of the next generation of improved infant pertussis vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anja Saso
- The Vaccine Centre, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London WC1 7HT, UK; (B.K.); (S.R.)
- Vaccines and Immunity Theme, MRC Unit, The Gambia at London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Banjul P.O. Box 273, The Gambia
| | - Beate Kampmann
- The Vaccine Centre, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London WC1 7HT, UK; (B.K.); (S.R.)
- Vaccines and Immunity Theme, MRC Unit, The Gambia at London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Banjul P.O. Box 273, The Gambia
| | - Sophie Roetynck
- The Vaccine Centre, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London WC1 7HT, UK; (B.K.); (S.R.)
- Vaccines and Immunity Theme, MRC Unit, The Gambia at London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Banjul P.O. Box 273, The Gambia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wanlapakorn N, Maertens K, Vongpunsawad S, Puenpa J, Tran TMP, Hens N, Van Damme P, Thiriard A, Raze D, Locht C, Poovorawan Y, Leuridan E. Quantity and Quality of Antibodies After Acellular Versus Whole-cell Pertussis Vaccines in Infants Born to Mothers Who Received Tetanus, Diphtheria, and Acellular Pertussis Vaccine During Pregnancy: A Randomized Trial. Clin Infect Dis 2021; 71:72-80. [PMID: 31418814 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciz778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The blunting effect of pertussis immunization during pregnancy on infant antibody responses induced by whole-cell pertussis (wP) vaccination is not well-defined. METHODS This randomized controlled trial (NCT02408926) followed term infants born to mothers vaccinated with tetanus, diphtheria, and acellular pertussis (Tdap) vaccine during pregnancy in Thailand. Infants received either acellular pertussis (aP)- or wP-containing vaccine at 2, 4, 6, and 18 months of age. A comparison group comprised wP-vaccinated children born to mothers not vaccinated during pregnancy. Antibodies against pertussis toxin (PT), filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA), and pertactin (PRN) were evaluated using commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Functionality of antibodies against Bordetella pertussis was measured using Bordetella pertussis growth inhibition assay. RESULTS After maternal Tdap vaccination, 158 infants vaccinated with aP-containing vaccines possessed higher antibody levels (P < .001) against all tested B. pertussis antigens postpriming compared to 157 infants receiving wP-containing vaccines. At 1 month postbooster, only anti-FHA and anti-PRN antibodies were still significantly higher (P < .001) in the aP group. Significantly higher anti-PT and anti-FHA (P < .001), but not anti-PRN immunoglobulin G, were observed among 69 wP-vaccinated infants born to control mothers compared with wP-vaccinated infants of Tdap-vaccinated mothers after primary and booster vaccination. The antibody functionality was higher in all wP-vaccinated infants at all times. CONCLUSIONS Maternal Tdap vaccination inhibited more pertussis-specific responses in wP-vaccinated infants compared to aP-vaccinated infants, and the control group of unvaccinated women had highest PT-specific responses, persisting until after the booster dose. Antibody functionality was better in the wP groups. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION NCT02408926.Infant whole-cell pertussis (wP) vaccine responses are blunted after maternal Tdap vaccination. Pertussis antibody titers are higher in acellular pertussis (aP)- than wP-vaccinated infants of immunized mothers, yet quality of antibodies, measured as serum-mediated bacterial growth inhibition, is better after wP than aP vaccination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nasamon Wanlapakorn
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Division of Academic Affairs, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kirsten Maertens
- Centre for the Evaluation of Vaccination, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sompong Vongpunsawad
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jiratchaya Puenpa
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Thao Mai Phuong Tran
- Interuniversity Institute for Biostatistics and Statistical Bioinformatics, Hasselt University, Belgium
| | - Niel Hens
- Interuniversity Institute for Biostatistics and Statistical Bioinformatics, Hasselt University, Belgium.,Centre for Health Economics Research and Modelling Infectious Diseases, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Pierre Van Damme
- Centre for the Evaluation of Vaccination, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Anaïs Thiriard
- Université de Lille, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique , Inserm, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR8204, Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, France
| | - Dominique Raze
- Université de Lille, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique , Inserm, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR8204, Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, France
| | - Camille Locht
- Université de Lille, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique , Inserm, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR8204, Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, France
| | - Yong Poovorawan
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Elke Leuridan
- Centre for the Evaluation of Vaccination, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Al-Ghezi ZZ, Singh N, Mehrpouya-Bahrami P, Busbee PB, Nagarkatti M, Nagarkatti PS. AhR Activation by TCDD (2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin) Attenuates Pertussis Toxin-Induced Inflammatory Responses by Differential Regulation of Tregs and Th17 Cells Through Specific Targeting by microRNA. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2349. [PMID: 31681214 PMCID: PMC6813193 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR) is a transcription factor that, when activated by ligand-binding, has been shown to regulate the immune response. Pertussis Toxin (PTX) is a virulence factor found in Bordetella pertussis, a human respiratory pathogen that causes whooping cough. PTX promotes colonization and disease promotion by triggering a heightened inflammatory response. The role of AhR in the regulation of PTX-mediated inflammation has not previously been studied. In the current study, we investigate if AhR activation by 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), a well characterized ligand, can attenuate PTX-mediated systemic inflammation. To that end, C57BL/6 mice were injected intraperitoneally (IP) with PTX twice and treated with TCDD or vehicle (VEH). The PTX+VEH group showed elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-17A, IL-6, and IFNγ) in serum and increased proportions of CD4+ Th1 and Th17 cells in their spleens. In contrast, the PTX+TCDD group showed significantly lower levels of these inflammatory cytokines and decreased proportions of Th1 and Th17 cells, but increased proportions of Th2 and FoxP3+Tregs when compared to the PTX+VEH group. PTX+TCDD treated mice also showed elevated levels of IL-10, and TFG-b, potent anti-inflammatory cytokines. MicroRNAs (miRs) analysis of CD4+ T cells from the spleens of the PTX+TCDD treated mice revealed significant alterations in their expression and several of these miRs targeted cytokines and signaling molecules involved in inflammation. Specifically, the PTX+TCDD group had a significantly enhanced expression of miR-3082-5p that targeted IL-17, and a decreased expression of miR-1224-5p, which targeted FoxP3. Transfection studies with these miR mimics and inhibitors confirmed the specificity of the target genes. The current study suggests that AhR activation by TCDD suppresses PTX-induced inflammation through miR regulation that triggers reciprocal polarization of Tregs and Th17 cells and also suggests that AhR activation may serve as a treatment modality to suppress heightened inflammation induced during B. pertussis infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zinah Zamil Al-Ghezi
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Narendra Singh
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Pegah Mehrpouya-Bahrami
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Philip Brandon Busbee
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Mitzi Nagarkatti
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Prakash S Nagarkatti
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, United States
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Bakhshaei P, Kazemi MH, Golara M, Abdolmaleki S, Khosravi-Eghbal R, Khoshnoodi J, Judaki MA, Salimi V, Douraghi M, Jeddi-Tehrani M, Shokri F. Investigation of the Cellular Immune Response to Recombinant Fragments of Filamentous Hemagglutinin and Pertactin of Bordetella pertussis in BALB/c Mice. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2019; 38:161-170. [PMID: 29638208 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2017.0060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccination with whole-cell or acellular (Ac) vaccines has been very effective for the control of pertussis. The immune response to Ac vaccines has been generally associated with a shift toward the Th2 profile. In the present study, overlapping recombinant fragments of filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA) and pertactin (PRN) were produced in Escherichia coli. BALB/c mice were immunized with recombinant FHA and PRN together with the native pertussis toxin and alum or CpG as adjuvant. Immunized mice were subsequently aerosol challenged with Bordetella pertussis. Bacterial growth was assessed in bronchoalveolar lavage samples and the levels of cytokines were quantitated in supernatants of stimulated splenocytes by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Our results demonstrated that both PRN and FHA antigens were able to induce IFN-γ, IL-4, and to some extent IL-17 cytokines in challenged mice. The level of IFN-γ was higher in response to CpG formulated antigens. These findings indicate immunoprotective efficacy of our recombinant FHA and PRN antigens in mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peyman Bakhshaei
- 1 Department of Immunology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Maryam Golara
- 1 Department of Immunology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Abdolmaleki
- 1 Department of Immunology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
| | - Roya Khosravi-Eghbal
- 1 Department of Immunology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
| | - Jalal Khoshnoodi
- 1 Department of Immunology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Judaki
- 1 Department of Immunology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Salimi
- 2 Department of Virology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Douraghi
- 3 Department of Microbiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmood Jeddi-Tehrani
- 4 Hybridoma Department, Monoclonal Antibody Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute , ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fazel Shokri
- 1 Department of Immunology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran .,4 Hybridoma Department, Monoclonal Antibody Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute , ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Akinola F, Muloiwa R, Hussey GD, Dirix V, Kagina B, Amponsah-Dacosta E. Assessment of humoral and cell-mediated immune responses to pertussis vaccination: a systematic review protocol. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e028109. [PMID: 31182449 PMCID: PMC6561409 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-028109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Globally, some studies show a resurgence of pertussis. The risks and benefits of using whole-cell pertussis (wP) or acellular pertussis (aP) vaccines in the control of the disease have been widely debated. Better control of pertussis will require improved understanding of the immune response to pertussis vaccines. Improved understanding and assessment of the immunity induced by pertussis vaccines is thus imperative. Several studies have documented different immunological outcomes to pertussis vaccination from an array of assays. We propose to conduct a systematic review of the different immunological assays and outcomes used in the assessment of the humoraland cell-mediated immune response following pertussis vaccination. METHODS AND ANALYSIS The primary outcomes for consideration are quality and quantity of immune responses (humoral and cell-mediated) post-pertussis vaccination. Of interest as secondary outcomes are types of immunoassays used in assessing immune responses post-pertussis vaccination, types of biological samples used in assessing immune responses post-pertussis vaccination, as well as the types of antigens used to stimulate these samples during post-pertussis vaccination immune response assessments. Different electronic databases (including PubMed, Cochrane, EBSCO Host, Scopus and Web of Science) will be accessed for peer-reviewed published and grey literature evaluating immune responses to pertussis vaccines between 1990 and 2019. The quality of included articles will be assessed using standardised risk and quality assessment tools specific to the study design used in each article. Data extraction will be done using a data extraction form. The extracted data will be analysed using STATA V.14.0 and RevMan V.5.3 software. A subgroup analysis will be conducted based on the study population, type of vaccine (wP or aP) and type of immune response (cell-mediated or humoral). Guidelines for reporting systematic reviews in the revised 2009 Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) statement will be used in this study. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethics approval is not required for this study as it is a systematic review. We will only make use of data already available in the public space. Findings will be reported via publication in a peer-reviewed journal and presented at scientific meetings and workshops. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42018102455.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Funbi Akinola
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Vaccines for Africa Initiative, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Rudzani Muloiwa
- Vaccines for Africa Initiative, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Gregory D Hussey
- Vaccines for Africa Initiative, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Division of Medical Microbiology and Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Violette Dirix
- Laboratory of Vaccinology and Mucosal Immunity, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Benjamin Kagina
- Vaccines for Africa Initiative, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Edina Amponsah-Dacosta
- Vaccines for Africa Initiative, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Acquisition of specific antibodies and their influence on cell-mediated immune response in neonatal cord blood after maternal pertussis vaccination during pregnancy. Vaccine 2019; 37:2569-2579. [PMID: 30955978 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.03.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Maternal immunization with pertussis acellular vaccine (Tdap) is an intervention that provides protection to newborns. However, it has been reported that high maternal antibody levels may adversely affect the immune response of infants after active immunization. In this study, we evaluated neonatal passive acquisition of pertussis-specific antibodies and their influence on the neonatal cell-mediated immune response. Pregnant women were either vaccinated with Tdap vaccine (case group, n = 66) or received no vaccine (control group, n = 101). Whole-cell Bordetella pertussis (Bp), pertussis toxin (PT), filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA) and pertactin (PRN)-specific serum IgG were quantified in paired maternal-cord sera, and Bp- and PT-specific IgA were evaluated in colostrum by ELISA. Ex vivo neonatal blood lymphocyte responsiveness after Bp stimulation was assessed in case (n = 17) and control (n = 15) groups using flow cytometry to detect proliferation, cytokine production and activation phenotype of lymphocytes in the context of high specific IgG acquired after maternal vaccination. Anti-Bp, PT, FHA and PRN IgG concentrations in maternal and cord sera from case group were higher than those in control group with positive correlation indexes in both groups for all pertussis antigens. The control group presented higher placental transfer ratios of specific antibodies and, in the case group, vaccination between 26 and 31 gestation weeks was associated with the best placental transfer ratios. Specific IgA concentrations in colostrum were not affected by vaccine status. Whole blood assays revealed that newborns responded to Bp stimulation with higher expression of CD40L, CD69 and CD4+ T cell proliferation compared to unstimulated cells, and a lower Th1 response, while a preserved Th2 response compared to adults, but there were no differences between the neonatal groups for any of the studied parameters. Our results indicate that higher pertussis-specific IgG levels in newborn sera after maternal vaccination do not affect the neonatal ex vivo cell-mediated immune response.
Collapse
|
11
|
Bednarek A, Bartkowiak-Emeryk M, Klepacz R, Ślusarska B, Zarzycka D, Emeryk A. Persistence of Vaccine-Induced Immunity in Preschool Children: Effect of Gestational Age. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:5110-5117. [PMID: 30033997 PMCID: PMC6067032 DOI: 10.12659/msm.908834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background A program of immunization that ensures optimal development of acquired immunity should be carried out in all healthy newborns. The aim of the present study was to verify, at 2.5–3 years after the last dose of basic vaccination, if preschool children who have been delivered preterm and at term differ in their levels of post-vaccination protective antibodies. Material/Methods Humoral response was assessed in 352 children (mean age: 5.22±0.34 years) who received a series of obligatory vaccinations in the period from birth to 2.5–3 years of age. Antibodies (in IgG class) against vaccine antigens – diphtheria (D), tetanus (T), pertussis (P), Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib), poliomyelitis (IPV), measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) – were measured using ELISA. The level of antibodies against hepatitis B (HBV) was assessed by chemiluminescence. Results All children had been immunized according to the Polish National Vaccination Program. The group of 352 children eligible for the study included 46 (13.1%) preschoolers delivered preterm (32–36 weeks of gestation), and 306 (86.9%) born at term (37–42 weeks of gestation). All children maintained seroprotective antibody levels against polioviruses type 1, 2, and 3 (>12 mIU/mL), and against measles antigens (>300 U/mL). No statistically significant differences were found in the proportions of preschoolers born preterm and at term who were seroprotected against other vaccine antigens. Conclusions Among preschool children who were immunized according to chronological age, those we were born late preterm do not seem to differ in vaccine-induced immunity from those who were born full-term.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Bednarek
- Department of Pediatric Nursing, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | | | - Robert Klepacz
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Barbara Ślusarska
- Department of Community Nursing, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Danuta Zarzycka
- Department of Pediatric Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Andrzej Emeryk
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases and Children Rheumatology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Raeven RH, Brummelman J, Pennings JLA, van der Maas L, Helm K, Tilstra W, van der Ark A, Sloots A, van der Ley P, van Eden W, Jiskoot W, van Riet E, van Els CA, Kersten GF, Han WG, Metz B. Molecular and cellular signatures underlying superior immunity against Bordetella pertussis upon pulmonary vaccination. Mucosal Immunol 2018; 11:979-993. [PMID: 28930286 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2017.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Mucosal immunity is often required for protection against respiratory pathogens but the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms of induction remain poorly understood. Here, systems vaccinology was used to identify immune signatures after pulmonary or subcutaneous immunization of mice with pertussis outer membrane vesicles. Pulmonary immunization led to improved protection, exclusively induced mucosal immunoglobulin A (IgA) and T helper type 17 (Th17) responses, and in addition evoked elevated systemic immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody levels, IgG-producing plasma cells, memory B cells, and Th17 cells. These adaptive responses were preceded by unique local expression of genes of the innate immune response related to Th17 (e.g., Rorc) and IgA responses (e.g., Pigr) in addition to local and systemic secretion of Th1/Th17-promoting cytokines. This comprehensive systems approach identifies the effect of the administration route on the development of mucosal immunity, its importance in protection against Bordetella pertussis, and reveals potential molecular correlates of vaccine immunity to this reemerging pathogen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Hm Raeven
- Institute for Translational Vaccinology (Intravacc), Bilthoven, The Netherlands.,Division of Drug Delivery Technology, Cluster BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - J Brummelman
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands.,Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - J L A Pennings
- Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - L van der Maas
- Institute for Translational Vaccinology (Intravacc), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - K Helm
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - W Tilstra
- Institute for Translational Vaccinology (Intravacc), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - A van der Ark
- Institute for Translational Vaccinology (Intravacc), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - A Sloots
- Institute for Translational Vaccinology (Intravacc), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - P van der Ley
- Institute for Translational Vaccinology (Intravacc), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - W van Eden
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - W Jiskoot
- Division of Drug Delivery Technology, Cluster BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - E van Riet
- Institute for Translational Vaccinology (Intravacc), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - C Acm van Els
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - G Fa Kersten
- Institute for Translational Vaccinology (Intravacc), Bilthoven, The Netherlands.,Division of Drug Delivery Technology, Cluster BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - W Gh Han
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - B Metz
- Institute for Translational Vaccinology (Intravacc), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Abstract
Preterm infants are at an increased risk of morbidity and mortality from vaccine-preventable diseases. Despite this, delays in routine immunization of preterm infants are common. Available guidelines clearly state that they should be immunized according to chronological age, irrespective of gestational age and birth weight or current weight. In this article, we try to assuage parental and provider doubts by reviewing data about immunogenicity, safety, and responses to routine immunizations in preterm infants with and without comorbidities. We also look at evidence for other strategies to help protect this fragile population. [Pediatr Ann. 2018;47(4):e147-e153.].
Collapse
|
14
|
Ferreira CSM, Perin MCAA, Moraes-Pinto MID, Simão-Gurge RM, Goulart AL, Weckx LY, dos Santos AMN. Humoral immune response to measles and varicella vaccination in former very low birth weight preterm infants. Braz J Infect Dis 2018; 22:41-46. [PMID: 29306654 PMCID: PMC9425665 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjid.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Objectives Methods Results Conclusions
Collapse
|
15
|
Diavatopoulos DA, Edwards KM. What Is Wrong with Pertussis Vaccine Immunity? Why Immunological Memory to Pertussis Is Failing. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2017; 9:cshperspect.a029553. [PMID: 28289059 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a029553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Memory responses seen after whole-cell pertussis (wP) and acellular pertussis (aP) vaccine priming are different and reflect better long-term protection against pertussis disease seen with the whole-cell vaccines. Although acellular vaccines generate higher levels of antigen-specific IgG to the antigens included in the aP vaccines, there are many more pertussis antigens included in whole-cell vaccines. Acellular vaccine priming is associated with skewing of the immune response to a more Th2-like response, whereas whole-cell priming is associated with a Th1/Th17 response. Repeated booster doses of acellular vaccine in children primed with acellular vaccine has been shown to result in progressively shorter duration of protection against disease. This may be explained by the generation of higher levels of antigen-specific IgG4, which does not bind complement and leads to a suboptimal inflammatory response and impaired phagocytosis and antimicrobial defense. In contrast, whole-cell priming followed by aP vaccine boosters results in better opsonization, phagocytosis, and complement mediated killing through the preferential induction of IgG1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dimitri A Diavatopoulos
- Laboratory of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Kathryn Margaret Edwards
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232.,Vanderbilt Vaccine Research Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37332
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Kilgore PE, Salim AM, Zervos MJ, Schmitt HJ. Pertussis: Microbiology, Disease, Treatment, and Prevention. Clin Microbiol Rev 2016; 29:449-86. [PMID: 27029594 PMCID: PMC4861987 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00083-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pertussis is a severe respiratory infection caused by Bordetella pertussis, and in 2008, pertussis was associated with an estimated 16 million cases and 195,000 deaths globally. Sizeable outbreaks of pertussis have been reported over the past 5 years, and disease reemergence has been the focus of international attention to develop a deeper understanding of pathogen virulence and genetic evolution of B. pertussis strains. During the past 20 years, the scientific community has recognized pertussis among adults as well as infants and children. Increased recognition that older children and adolescents are at risk for disease and may transmit B. pertussis to younger siblings has underscored the need to better understand the role of innate, humoral, and cell-mediated immunity, including the role of waning immunity. Although recognition of adult pertussis has increased in tandem with a better understanding of B. pertussis pathogenesis, pertussis in neonates and adults can manifest with atypical clinical presentations. Such disease patterns make pertussis recognition difficult and lead to delays in treatment. Ongoing research using newer tools for molecular analysis holds promise for improved understanding of pertussis epidemiology, bacterial pathogenesis, bioinformatics, and immunology. Together, these advances provide a foundation for the development of new-generation diagnostics, therapeutics, and vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul E Kilgore
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Eugene Applebaum Collage of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA Department of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Abdulbaset M Salim
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Eugene Applebaum Collage of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Marcus J Zervos
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Health System and Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Heinz-Josef Schmitt
- Medical and Scientific Affairs, Pfizer Vaccines, Paris, France Department of Pediatrics, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Bottero D, Gaillard ME, Zurita E, Moreno G, Martinez DS, Bartel E, Bravo S, Carriquiriborde F, Errea A, Castuma C, Rumbo M, Hozbor D. Characterization of the immune response induced by pertussis OMVs-based vaccine. Vaccine 2016; 34:3303-9. [PMID: 27151884 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.04.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
For the development of a third generation of pertussis vaccine that could improve the control of the disease, it was proposed that the immune responses induced by the classic whole cell vaccine (wP) or after infection should be used as a reference point. We have recently identified a vaccine candidate based on outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) derived from the disease etiologic agent that have been shown to be safe and protective in mice model of infection. Here we characterized OMVs-mediated immunity and the safety of our new candidate. We also deepen the knowledge of the induced humoral response contribution in pertussis protection. Regarding the safety of the OMVs based vaccine (TdapOMVsBp,) the in vitro whole blood human assay here performed, showed that the low toxicity of OMVs-based vaccine previously detected in mice could be extended to human samples. Stimulation of splenocytes from immunized mice evidenced the presence of IFN-γ and IL-17-producing cells, indicated that OMVs induces both Th1 and Th17 response. Interestingly TdapOMVsBp-raised antibodies such as those induced by wP and commercial acellular vaccines (aP) which contribute to induce protection against Bordetella pertussis infection. As occurs with wP-induced antibodies, the TdapOMVsBp-induced serum antibodies efficiently opsonized B. pertussis. All the data here obtained shows that OMVs based vaccine is able to induce Th1/Th17 and Th2 mixed profile with robust humoral response involved in protection, positioning this candidate among the different possibilities to constitute the third generation of anti-pertussis vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Bottero
- Laboratorio VacSal, Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular (IBBM), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CCT-CONICET La Plata, Calles 50 y 115, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - M E Gaillard
- Laboratorio VacSal, Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular (IBBM), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CCT-CONICET La Plata, Calles 50 y 115, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - E Zurita
- Laboratorio VacSal, Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular (IBBM), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CCT-CONICET La Plata, Calles 50 y 115, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - G Moreno
- Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos (IIFP), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CCT-CONICET La Plata, 47 y 115, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - D Sabater Martinez
- Laboratorio VacSal, Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular (IBBM), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CCT-CONICET La Plata, Calles 50 y 115, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - E Bartel
- Laboratorio VacSal, Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular (IBBM), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CCT-CONICET La Plata, Calles 50 y 115, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - S Bravo
- Laboratorio VacSal, Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular (IBBM), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CCT-CONICET La Plata, Calles 50 y 115, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - F Carriquiriborde
- Laboratorio VacSal, Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular (IBBM), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CCT-CONICET La Plata, Calles 50 y 115, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - A Errea
- Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos (IIFP), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CCT-CONICET La Plata, 47 y 115, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - C Castuma
- Laboratorio VacSal, Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular (IBBM), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CCT-CONICET La Plata, Calles 50 y 115, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - M Rumbo
- Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos (IIFP), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CCT-CONICET La Plata, 47 y 115, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - D Hozbor
- Laboratorio VacSal, Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular (IBBM), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CCT-CONICET La Plata, Calles 50 y 115, 1900 La Plata, Argentina.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Transcriptome signature for dampened Th2 dominance in acellular pertussis vaccine-induced CD4(+) T cell responses through TLR4 ligation. Sci Rep 2016; 6:25064. [PMID: 27118638 PMCID: PMC4846868 DOI: 10.1038/srep25064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Current acellular pertussis (aP) vaccines promote a T helper 2 (Th2)-dominated response, while Th1/Th17 cells are protective. As our previous study showed, after adding a non-toxic TLR4 ligand, LpxL1, to the aP vaccine in mice, the Bordetella pertussis-specific Th2 response is decreased and Th1/Th17 responses are increased as measured at the cytokine protein level. However, how this shift in Th response by LpxL1 addition is regulated at the gene expression level remains unclear. Transcriptomics analysis was performed on purified CD4(+) T cells of control and vaccinated mice after in vitro restimulation with aP vaccine antigens. Multiple key factors in Th differentiation, including transcription factors, cytokines, and receptors, were identified within the differentially expressed genes. Upregulation of Th2- and downregulation of follicular helper T cell-associated genes were found in the CD4(+) T cells of both aP- and aP+LpxL1-vaccinated mice. Genes exclusively upregulated in CD4(+) T cells of aP+LpxL1-vaccinated mice included Th1 and Th17 signature cytokine genes Ifng and Il17a respectively. Overall, our study indicates that after addition of LpxL1 to the aP vaccine the Th2 component is not downregulated at the gene expression level. Rather an increase in expression of Th1- and Th17-associated genes caused the shift in Th subset outcome.
Collapse
|
19
|
van Twillert I, Han WGH, van Els CACM. Waning and aging of cellular immunity to Bordetella pertussis. Pathog Dis 2015; 73:ftv071. [PMID: 26371178 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftv071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
While it is clear that the maintenance of Bordetella pertussis-specific immunity evoked both after vaccination and infection is insufficient, it is unknown at which pace waning occurs and which threshold levels of sustained functional memory B and T cells are required to provide long-term protection. Longevity of human cellular immunity to B. pertussis has been studied less extensively than serology, but is suggested to be key for the observed differences between the duration of protection induced by acellular vaccination and whole cell vaccination or infection. The induction and maintenance of levels of protective memory B and T cells may alter with age, associated with changes of the immune system throughout life and with accumulating exposures to circulating B. pertussis or vaccine doses. This is relevant since pertussis affects all age groups. This review summarizes current knowledge on the waning patterns of human cellular immune responses to B. pertussis as addressed in diverse vaccination and infection settings and in various age groups. Knowledge on the effectiveness and flaws in human B. pertussis-specific cellular immunity ultimately will advance the improvement of pertussis vaccination strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Inonge van Twillert
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and The Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Wanda G H Han
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and The Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Cécile A C M van Els
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and The Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Brummelman J, Wilk MM, Han WGH, van Els CACM, Mills KHG. Roads to the development of improved pertussis vaccines paved by immunology. Pathog Dis 2015; 73:ftv067. [PMID: 26347400 PMCID: PMC4626578 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftv067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Current acellular pertussis vaccines have various shortcomings, which may contribute to their suboptimal efficacy and waning immunity in vaccinated populations. This calls for the development of new pertussis vaccines capable of inducing long-lived protective immunity. Immunization with whole cell pertussis vaccines and natural infection with Bordetella pertussis induce distinct and more protective immune responses when compared with immunization with acellular pertussis vaccines. Therefore, the immune responses induced with whole cell vaccine or after infection can be used as a benchmark for the development of third-generation vaccines against pertussis. Here, we review the literature on the immunology of B. pertussis infection and vaccination and discuss the lessons learned that will help in the design of improved pertussis vaccines. To develop improved pertussis vaccines capable of inducing long-lived protective immunity, lessons have to be learned from immunology of Bordetella pertussis infection and current vaccination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jolanda Brummelman
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and The Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Mieszko M Wilk
- Immune Regulation Research Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Wanda G H Han
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and The Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Cécile A C M van Els
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and The Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Kingston H G Mills
- Immune Regulation Research Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Rathore DK, Nair D, Raza S, Saini S, Singh R, Kumar A, Tripathi R, Ramji S, Batra A, Aggarwal KC, Chellani HK, Arya S, Bhatla N, Paul VK, Aggarwal R, Agarwal N, Mehta U, Sopory S, Natchu UCM, Bhatnagar S, Bal V, Rath S, Wadhwa N. Underweight full-term Indian neonates show differences in umbilical cord blood leukocyte phenotype: a cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0123589. [PMID: 25898362 PMCID: PMC4405369 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While infections are a major cause of neonatal mortality in India even in full-term neonates, this is an especial problem in the large proportion (~20%) of neonates born underweight (or small-for-gestational-age; SGA). One potential contributory factor for this susceptibility is the possibility that immune system maturation may be affected along with intrauterine growth retardation. METHODS In order to examine the possibility that differences in immune status may underlie the susceptibility of SGA neonates to infections, we enumerated the frequencies and concentrations of 22 leukocyte subset populations as well as IgM and IgA levels in umbilical cord blood from full-term SGA neonates and compared them with values from normal-weight (or appropriate-for-gestational-age; AGA) full-term neonates. We eliminated most SGA-associated risk factors in the exclusion criteria so as to ensure that AGA-SGA differences, if any, would be more likely to be associated with the underweight status itself. RESULTS An analysis of 502 such samples, including 50 from SGA neonates, showed that SGA neonates have significantly fewer plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), a higher myeloid DC (mDC) to pDC ratio, more natural killer (NK) cells, and higher IgM levels in cord blood in comparison with AGA neonates. Other differences were also observed such as tendencies to lower CD4:CD8 ratios and greater prominence of inflammatory monocytes, mDCs and neutrophils, but while some of them had substantial differences, they did not quite reach the standard level of statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS These differences in cellular lineages of the immune system possibly reflect stress responses in utero associated with growth restriction. Increased susceptibility to infections may thus be linked to complex immune system dysregulation rather than simply retarded immune system maturation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deepak K. Rathore
- Pediatric Biology Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
| | - Deepa Nair
- Pediatric Biology Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
| | - Saimah Raza
- Pediatric Biology Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
| | - Savita Saini
- Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Reeta Singh
- Pediatric Biology Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
| | - Amit Kumar
- Pediatric Biology Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
| | - Reva Tripathi
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India
| | - Siddarth Ramji
- Department of Neonatology, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India
| | - Aruna Batra
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College & Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Kailash C. Aggarwal
- Department of Pediatrics, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College & Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Harish K. Chellani
- Department of Pediatrics, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College & Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Sugandha Arya
- Department of Pediatrics, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College & Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Neerja Bhatla
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Vinod K. Paul
- Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ramesh Aggarwal
- Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Nidhi Agarwal
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, General Hospital, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
| | - Umesh Mehta
- Department of Pediatrics, General Hospital, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
| | - Shailaja Sopory
- Pediatric Biology Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
| | - Uma Chandra Mouli Natchu
- Pediatric Biology Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
| | - Shinjini Bhatnagar
- Pediatric Biology Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
| | - Vineeta Bal
- Pediatric Biology Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
- National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Satyajit Rath
- Pediatric Biology Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
- National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Nitya Wadhwa
- Pediatric Biology Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Han WGH, Helm K, Poelen MMC, Otten HG, van Els CACM. Ex vivo peptide-MHC II tetramer analysis reveals distinct end-differentiation patterns of human pertussis-specific CD4(+) T cells following clinical infection. Clin Immunol 2015; 157:205-15. [PMID: 25728491 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2015.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Revised: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Pertussis is occurring in highly vaccinated populations, suggesting insufficient protective memory CD4(+) T cells to Bordetella (B.) pertussis. P.69 Pertactin (P.69 Prn) is an important virulence factor of B. pertussis, and P.69 Prn7-24 is an immunodominant CD4(+) T cell epitope in mice and broadly recognized in humans. P.69 Prn7-24 peptide-MHC II tetramers (DRB4*0101/IVKT) were designed to ex vivo interrogate the presence and differentiation state of P.69 Prn7-24 specific CD4(+) T cells in six symptomatic pertussis cases. Cases with relatively more CD45RA(-)CCR7(+) central memory CD4(+)DRB4*0101/IVKT(+) T cells secreted Th1 cytokines, while cases with more CD45RA(-)CCR7(-) effector memory CD4(+)DRB4*0101/IVKT(+) T cells secreted both Th1 and Th2 cytokines upon peptide stimulation. CD45RA(+)CCR7(-) terminal differentiation pattern was associated with low or non-functionality based on cytokine secretion. This study provides proof of principle for further peptide-MHC II tetramer guided approaches in the elucidation of limited immunological memory to B. pertussis and the resurgence of pertussis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wanda G H Han
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
| | - Kina Helm
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Martien M C Poelen
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Henny G Otten
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Cécile A C M van Els
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Brummelman J, Helm K, Hamstra HJ, van der Ley P, Boog CJP, Han WGH, van Els CACM. Modulation of the CD4(+) T cell response after acellular pertussis vaccination in the presence of TLR4 ligation. Vaccine 2015; 33:1483-91. [PMID: 25659267 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.01.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Revised: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Whole cell pertussis (wP) vaccines are gradually being replaced by aluminum salt-adjuvanted acellular pertussis (aP) vaccines. These promote CD4(+) T cell responses with a non-protective Th2 component, while protective immune mechanisms to B. pertussis may rather involve long-lived Th1/Th17 type CD4(+) T cells. Here we asked whether addition of a non-toxic meningococcal LPS derivative, LpxL1, as adjuvant can favorably modulate the aP-induced pertussis-specific CD4(+) T cell response in mice. To assess the effect of TLR4 ligation, Th type, quantity, and memory potential of pertussis-specific CD4(+) T cells were determined at the single-cell level after aP and aP+LpxL1 vaccination using intracellular cytokine staining and MHC class II tetramers. Adding LpxL1 to the aP vaccine weakened the Th2 component and strengthened the Th1/Th17 component of the specific CD4(+) T cell response. Notably, LpxL1 addition also induced higher frequencies of tetramer positive CD4(+) T cells in draining lymph nodes or blood, depending on the phase after vaccination. Moreover, there was a net profit in the number of CD4(+) T cells with a central memory phenotype, preferred for long-term immunity. Thus, adding a TLR4 ligand as adjuvant to a current aP vaccine was associated with a more favorable pertussis-specific CD4(+) T cell response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jolanda Brummelman
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
| | - Kina Helm
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Hendrik-Jan Hamstra
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Peter van der Ley
- Institute for Translational Vaccinology (Intravacc), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Claire J P Boog
- Institute for Translational Vaccinology (Intravacc), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Wanda G H Han
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Cécile A C M van Els
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Abstract
Pertussis, also known as whooping cough, has recently re-emerged as a major public health threat despite high levels of vaccination against the aetiological agent Bordetella pertussis. In this Review, we describe the pathogenesis of this disease, with a focus on recent mechanistic insights into B. pertussis virulence-factor function. We also discuss the changing epidemiology of pertussis and the challenges facing vaccine development. Despite decades of research, many aspects of B. pertussis physiology and pathogenesis remain poorly understood. We highlight knowledge gaps that must be addressed to develop improved vaccines and therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
|
25
|
Bordetella pertussis proteins dominating the major histocompatibility complex class II-presented epitope repertoire in human monocyte-derived dendritic cells. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2014; 21:641-50. [PMID: 24599530 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00665-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Knowledge of naturally processed Bordetella pertussis-specific T cell epitopes may help to increase our understanding of the basis of cell-mediated immune mechanisms to control this reemerging pathogen. Here, we elucidate for the first time the dominant major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II-presented B. pertussis CD4(+) T cell epitopes, expressed on human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MDDC) after the processing of whole bacterial cells by use of a platform of immunoproteomics technology. Pertussis epitopes identified in the context of HLA-DR molecules were derived from two envelope proteins, i.e., putative periplasmic protein (PPP) and putative peptidoglycan-associated lipoprotein (PAL), and from two cytosolic proteins, i.e., 10-kDa chaperonin groES protein (groES) and adenylosuccinate synthetase (ASS). No epitopes were detectable from known virulence factors. CD4(+) T cell responsiveness in healthy adults against peptide pools representing epitope regions or full proteins confirmed the immunogenicity of PAL, PPP, groES, and ASS. Elevated lymphoproliferative activity to PPP, groES, and ASS in subjects within a year after the diagnosis of symptomatic pertussis suggested immunogenic exposure to these proteins during clinical infection. The PAL-, PPP-, groES-, and ASS-specific responses were associated with secretion of functional Th1 (tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF-α] and gamma interferon [IFN-γ]) and Th2 (interleukin 5 [IL-5] and IL-13) cytokines. Relative paucity in the natural B. pertussis epitope display of MDDC, not dominated by epitopes from known protective antigens, can interfere with the effectiveness of immune recognition of B. pertussis. A more complete understanding of hallmarks in B. pertussis-specific immunity may advance the design of novel immunological assays and prevention strategies.
Collapse
|
26
|
van der Ark AAJ, Hozbor DF, Boog CJP, Metz B, van den Dobbelsteen GPJM, van Els CACM. Resurgence of pertussis calls for re-evaluation of pertussis animal models. Expert Rev Vaccines 2014; 11:1121-37. [DOI: 10.1586/erv.12.83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
|
27
|
Esposito S, Fumagalli M, Principi N. Immunogenicity, safety and tolerability of vaccinations in premature infants. Expert Rev Vaccines 2014; 11:1199-209. [DOI: 10.1586/erv.12.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
28
|
Han WGH, van Twillert I, Poelen MCM, Helm K, van de Kassteele J, Verheij TJM, Versteegh FGA, Boog CJP, van Els CACM. Loss of multi-epitope specificity in memory CD4(+) T cell responses to B. pertussis with age. PLoS One 2013; 8:e83583. [PMID: 24391789 PMCID: PMC3877060 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0083583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2013] [Accepted: 11/06/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Pertussis is still occurring in highly vaccinated populations, affecting individuals of all ages. Long-lived Th1 CD4(+) T cells are essential for protective immunity against pertussis. For better understanding of the limited immunological memory to Bordetella pertussis, we used a panel of Pertactin and Pertussis toxin specific peptides to interrogate CD4(+) T cell responses at the epitope level in a unique cohort of symptomatic pertussis patients of different ages, at various time intervals after infection. Our study showed that pertussis epitope-specific T cell responses contained Th1 and Th2 components irrespective of the epitope studied, time after infection, or age. In contrast, the breadth of the pertussis-directed CD4(+) T cell response seemed dependent on age and closeness to infection. Multi-epitope specificity long-term after infection was lost in older age groups. Detailed knowledge on pertussis specific immune mechanisms and their insufficiencies is important for understanding resurgence of pertussis in highly vaccinated populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wanda G. H. Han
- Centre for Immunology of Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Inonge van Twillert
- Centre for Immunology of Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Martien C. M. Poelen
- Centre for Immunology of Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Kina Helm
- Centre for Immunology of Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Jan van de Kassteele
- Department of Statistics, Mathematical Modelling and Data Logistics, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Theo J. M. Verheij
- Julius Center Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Cécile A. C. M. van Els
- Centre for Immunology of Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Abstract
In 20 infants with polymerase chain reaction-confirmed pertussis <6 months of age, median cord blood anti-pertussis toxin, anti-filamentous hemagglutinin and anti-pertactin IgG antibody values were lower than in 80 matched controls: 10.5 versus 13.5 anti-pertussis toxin IU/mL, 14.5/18.0 (anti-filamentous hemagglutinin) and 6.0/9.0 (anti-pertactin), respectively. Although differences of median (and mean) antibody values between groups were not significant, they are in line with the concept of infant protection by maternal antibodies and thus support the strategy of pertussis booster immunization in pregnant women.
Collapse
|
30
|
Vermeulen F, Dirix V, Verscheure V, Damis E, Vermeylen D, Locht C, Mascart F. Persistence at one year of age of antigen-induced cellular immune responses in preterm infants vaccinated against whooping cough: comparison of three different vaccines and effect of a booster dose. Vaccine 2013; 31:1981-6. [PMID: 23429006 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2012] [Revised: 01/27/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Due to their high risk of developing severe Bordetella pertussis (Bp) infections, it is recommended to immunize preterm infants at their chronological age. However, little is known about the persistence of their specific immune responses, especially of the cellular responses recognized to play a role in protection. We compared here the cellular immune responses to two major antigens of Bp between three groups of one year-old children born prematurely, who received for their primary vaccination respectively the whole cell vaccine Tetracoq(®) (TC), the acellular vaccine Tetravac(®) (TV), or the acellular vaccine Infanrix-hexa(®) (IR). Whereas most children had still detectable IFN-γ responses at one year of age, they were lower in the IR-vaccinated children compared to the two other groups. In contrast, both the TV- and the IR-vaccinated children displayed higher Th2-type immune responses, resulting in higher antigen-specific IFN-γ/IL-5 ratios in TC- than in TV- or IR-vaccinated children. The IFN-γ/IL-5 ratio of mitogen-induced cytokines was also lower in IR- compared to TC- or TV-vaccinated children. No major differences in the immune responses were noted after the booster compared to the pre-booster responses for each vaccine. The IR-vaccinated children had a persistently low specific Th1-type immune response associated with high specific Th2-type immune responses, resulting in lower antigen-specific IFN-γ/IL-5 ratios compared to the two other groups. We conclude that antigen-specific cellular immune responses persisted in one year-old children born prematurely and vaccinated during infancy at their chronological age, that a booster dose did not significantly boost the cellular immune responses, and that the Th1/Th2 balance of the immune responses is modulated by the different vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Françoise Vermeulen
- Pediatric Department, Université Libre de Bruxelles (U.L.B.), Brussels, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Nitsch-Osuch A, Korzeniewski K, Kuchar E, Zielonka T, Życińska K, Wardyn K. Epidemiological and immunological reasons for pertussis vaccination in adolescents and adults. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2013; 187:99-103. [PMID: 23419520 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2013.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2012] [Revised: 02/09/2013] [Accepted: 02/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The resurgence of pertussis has been the subject of considerable debate. Hypotheses to explain increased reporting in developed countries have focused mainly on three aspects: (1) increased recognition of the disease in adolescents and adults; (2) waning of vaccine-induced immunity and (3) loss of vaccine efficacy due to an antigenic shift of Bordetella pertussis. Waning immunity after vaccination or natural infection combined with the absence of regular boosters either in the form of vaccine boosters or natural exposure to B. pertussis - due to the low circulation of the bacterium in well-immunized populations - has been suggested to explain this shift in the age distribution of pertussis. The highest incidence of the disease is currently reported among adolescents and adults who may additionally serve as the source of infection for susceptible infants. Immunological and epidemiological data indicates the need for a universal booster vaccination against pertussis for adolescents and adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Nitsch-Osuch
- Department of Family Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 1a Banacha Str., 02-097 Warsaw, Poland.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Abstract
Primary prevention strategies, such as vaccinations at the age extremes, in neonates and elderly individuals, demonstrate a challenge to health professionals and public health specialists. The aspects of the differentiation and maturation of the adaptive immune system, the functional implications of immunological immaturity or immunosenescence and its impact on vaccine immunogenicity and efficacy will be highlighted in this review. Several approaches have been undertaken to promote Th1 responses in neonates and to enhance immune functions in elderly, such as conjugation to carrier proteins, addition of adjuvants, concomitant vaccination with other vaccines, change in antigen concentrations or dose intervals or use of different administration routes. Also, early protection by maternal vaccination seems to be beneficial in neonates. However, it also appears necessary to think of other end points than antibody concentrations to assess vaccine efficacy in neonates or elderly, as also the cellular immune response may be impaired by the mechanisms of immaturity, underlying health conditions, immunosuppressive treatments or immunosenescence. Thus, lifespan vaccine programs should be implemented to all individuals on a population level not only to improve herd protection and to maintain protective antibody levels and immune memory, but also to cover all age groups, to protect unvaccinated elderly persons and to provide indirect protection for neonates and small infants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martina Prelog
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Perin MCAA, Schlindwein CF, de Moraes-Pinto MI, Simão-Gurge RM, de Mello Almada Mimica AF, Goulart AL, dos Santos AMN. Immune response to tetanus booster in infants aged 15 months born prematurely with very low birth weight. Vaccine 2012; 30:6521-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.08.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2012] [Revised: 08/21/2012] [Accepted: 08/23/2012] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
|
34
|
Both CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ lymphocytes participate in the IFN-γ response to filamentous hemagglutinin from Bordetella pertussis in infants, children, and adults. Clin Dev Immunol 2012; 2012:795958. [PMID: 22550536 PMCID: PMC3329133 DOI: 10.1155/2012/795958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2011] [Revised: 12/23/2011] [Accepted: 12/23/2011] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Infant CD4+ T-cell responses to bacterial infections or vaccines have been extensively studied, whereas studies on CD8+ T-cell responses focused mainly on viral and intracellular parasite infections. Here we investigated CD8+ T-cell responses upon Bordetella pertussis infection in infants, children, and adults and pertussis vaccination in infants. Filamentous hemagglutinin-specific IFN-γ secretion by circulating lymphocytes was blocked by anti-MHC-I or -MHC-II antibodies, suggesting that CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes are involved in IFN-γ production. Flow cytometry analyses confirmed that both cell types synthesized antigen-specific IFN-γ, although CD4+ lymphocytes were the major source of this cytokine. IFN-γ synthesis by CD8+ cells was CD4+ T cell dependent, as evidenced by selective depletion experiments. Furthermore, IFN-γ synthesis by CD4+ cells was sometimes inhibited by CD8+ lymphocytes, suggesting the presence of CD8+ regulatory T cells. The role of this dual IFN-γ secretion by CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes in pertussis remains to be investigated.
Collapse
|
35
|
Rieber N, Graf A, Hartl D, Urschel S, Belohradsky BH, Liese J. Acellular pertussis booster in adolescents induces Th1 and memory CD8+ T cell immune response. PLoS One 2011; 6:e17271. [PMID: 21408149 PMCID: PMC3050840 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0017271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2010] [Accepted: 01/25/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In a number of countries, whole cell pertussis vaccines (wcP) were replaced by acellular vaccines (aP) due to an improved reactogenicity profile. Pertussis immunization leads to specific antibody production with the help of CD4(+) T cells. In earlier studies in infants and young children, wcP vaccines selectively induced a Th1 dominated immune response, whereas aP vaccines led to a Th2 biased response. To obtain data on Th1 or Th2 dominance of the immune response in adolescents receiving an aP booster immunization after a wcP or aP primary immunization, we analyzed the concentration of Th1 (IL-2, TNF-α, INF-γ) and Th2 (IL-4, IL-5, IL-10) cytokines in supernatants of lymphocyte cultures specifically stimulated with pertussis antigens. We also investigated the presence of cytotoxic T cell responses against the facultative intracellular bacterium Bordetella pertussis by quantifying pertussis-specific CD8(+) T cell activation following the aP booster immunization. Here we show that the adolescent aP booster vaccination predominantly leads to a Th1 immune response based on IFNgamma secretion upon stimulation with pertussis antigen, irrespective of a prior whole cell or acellular primary vaccination. The vaccination also induces an increase in peripheral CD8(+)CD69(+) activated pertussis-specific memory T cells four weeks after vaccination. The Th1 bias of this immune response could play a role for the decreased local reactogenicity of this adolescent aP booster immunization when compared to the preceding childhood acellular pertussis booster. Pertussis-specific CD8(+) memory T cells may contribute to protection against clinical pertussis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaus Rieber
- University Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
- University Children's Hospital, Eberhard-Karls-University, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Anna Graf
- University Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Dominik Hartl
- University Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
- University Children's Hospital, Eberhard-Karls-University, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Simon Urschel
- University Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Johannes Liese
- University Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
- University Children's Hospital, Julius-Maximilians-University, Wuerzburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
A live, attenuated Bordetella pertussis vaccine provides long-term protection against virulent challenge in a murine model. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2010; 18:187-93. [PMID: 21147936 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00371-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Despite successful mass vaccination programs, whooping cough remains a significant cause of neonatal mortality. Immunity induced by current vaccines wanes in adolescence, requiring additional immunizations to prevent resurgence. There is a need for a new generation of vaccines capable of conferring long-lasting immunity from birth. Recently, a live, attenuated whooping cough vaccine, BPZE1, has been developed. Here, an established murine immunization model was used to examine the induction and longevity of immunological memory. In this predictive model, BPZE1 conferred a level of protection against virulent bacterial challenge comparable to that conferred by recovery from prior infection, up to 1 year after immunization. One year after immunization with BPZE1, a pertussis-specific persistent response, with high levels of gamma interferon (IFN-γ), could be detected from spleen cells restimulated with inactivated Bordetella pertussis. BPZE1 induced low levels of interleukin-17 (IL-17) and no IL-10 or IL-5. BPZE1 immunization induced long-lasting, efficacious memory B-cell and specific antibody responses dominated by IgG2a, which were boosted by subsequent challenge. Finally, the antibody induced by BPZE1 was functionally relevant and could clear a virulent B. pertussis infection in antibody-deficient mice following passive transfer. This study suggests that BPZE1 is capable of conferring a high level of long-lived effective protection against virulent B. pertussis.
Collapse
|