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Padula L, Fisher E, Wijayalath W, Patterson NB, Huang J, Ganeshan H, Robinson T, Bates FA, Hanson MA, Martin ML, Rivas K, Garcia D, Edgel KA, Sedegah M, Villasante E, Strbo N. Induction of antigen specific intrahepatic CD8+ T cell responses by a secreted heat shock protein based gp96-Ig-PfCA malaria vaccine. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1130054. [PMID: 37056783 PMCID: PMC10086177 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1130054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
IntroductionA highly efficacious and durable vaccine against malaria is an essential tool for global malaria eradication. One of the promising strategies to develop such a vaccine is to induce robust CD8+ T cell mediated immunity against malaria liver-stage parasites.MethodsHere we describe a novel malaria vaccine platform based on a secreted form of the heat shock protein, gp96-immunoglobulin, (gp96-Ig) to induce malaria antigen specific, memory CD8+ T cells. Gp96-Ig acts as an adjuvant to activate antigen presenting cells (APCs) and chaperone peptides/antigens to APCs for cross presentation to CD8+ T cells.ResultsOur study shows that vaccination of mice and rhesus monkeys with HEK-293 cells transfected with gp96-Ig and two well-known Plasmodium falciparum CSP and AMA1 (PfCA) vaccine candidate antigens, induces liver-infiltrating, antigen specific, memory CD8+ T cell responses. The majority of the intrahepatic CSP and AMA1 specific CD8+ T cells expressed CD69 and CXCR3, the hallmark of tissue resident memory T cells (Trm). Also, we found intrahepatic, antigen-specific memory CD8+ T cells secreting IL-2, which is relevant for maintenance of effective memory responses in the liver.DiscussionOur novel gp96-Ig malaria vaccine strategy represents a unique approach to induce liver-homing, antigen-specific CD8+ T cells critical for Plasmodium liver-stage protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Padula
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Eva Fisher
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Wathsala Wijayalath
- Malaria Department, Naval Medical Research Center (NMRC), Silver Spring, MD, United States
- CAMRIS International, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Noelle B. Patterson
- Malaria Department, Naval Medical Research Center (NMRC), Silver Spring, MD, United States
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc. (HJF), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Jun Huang
- Malaria Department, Naval Medical Research Center (NMRC), Silver Spring, MD, United States
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc. (HJF), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Harini Ganeshan
- Malaria Department, Naval Medical Research Center (NMRC), Silver Spring, MD, United States
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc. (HJF), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Tanisha Robinson
- Malaria Serology Lab, Immunology Core, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), Silver Spring, MD, United States
- Parsons Technical Services Inc., Pasadena, CA, United States
| | - François A. Bates
- Animal Medicine Branch, Veterinary Services Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Margaret A. Hanson
- Necropsy Branch, Veterinary Services Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Monica L. Martin
- Animal Medicine Branch, Veterinary Services Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Katelyn Rivas
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Denisse Garcia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Kimberly A. Edgel
- Malaria Department, Naval Medical Research Center (NMRC), Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Martha Sedegah
- Malaria Department, Naval Medical Research Center (NMRC), Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Eileen Villasante
- Malaria Department, Naval Medical Research Center (NMRC), Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Natasa Strbo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
- *Correspondence: Natasa Strbo,
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Abstract
Viruses are intracellular parasites that subvert the functions of their host cells to accomplish their infection cycle. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-residing chaperone proteins are central for the achievement of different steps of the viral cycle, from entry and replication to assembly and exit. The most abundant ER chaperones are GRP78 (78-kDa glucose-regulated protein), GRP94 (94-kDa glucose-regulated protein), the carbohydrate or lectin-like chaperones calnexin (CNX) and calreticulin (CRT), the protein disulfide isomerases (PDIs), and the DNAJ chaperones. This review will focus on the pleiotropic roles of ER chaperones during viral infection. We will cover their essential role in the folding and quality control of viral proteins, notably viral glycoproteins which play a major role in host cell infection. We will also describe how viruses co-opt ER chaperones at various steps of their infectious cycle but also in order to evade immune responses and avoid apoptosis. Finally, we will discuss the different molecules targeting these chaperones and the perspectives in the development of broad-spectrum antiviral drugs.
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Pollet J, Chen WH, Strych U. Recombinant protein vaccines, a proven approach against coronavirus pandemics. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 170:71-82. [PMID: 33421475 PMCID: PMC7788321 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
With the COVID-19 pandemic now ongoing for close to a year, people all over the world are still waiting for a vaccine to become available. The initial focus of accelerated global research and development efforts to bring a vaccine to market as soon as possible was on novel platform technologies that promised speed but had limited history in the clinic. In contrast, recombinant protein vaccines, with numerous examples in the clinic for many years, missed out on the early wave of investments from government and industry. Emerging data are now surfacing suggesting that recombinant protein vaccines indeed might offer an advantage or complement to the nucleic acid or viral vector vaccines that will likely reach the clinic faster. Here, we summarize the current public information on the nature and on the development status of recombinant subunit antigens and adjuvants targeting SARS-CoV-2 infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen Pollet
- Department of Pediatrics, National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States of America; Texas Children's Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Baylor College of Medicine, 1102 Bates Street, Houston, TX, United States of America.
| | - Wen-Hsiang Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States of America; Texas Children's Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Baylor College of Medicine, 1102 Bates Street, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Ulrich Strych
- Department of Pediatrics, National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States of America; Texas Children's Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Baylor College of Medicine, 1102 Bates Street, Houston, TX, United States of America
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4
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Fisher E, Padula L, Podack K, O’Neill K, Seavey MM, Jayaraman P, Jasuja R, Strbo N. Induction of SARS-CoV-2 Protein S-Specific CD8+ T Cells in the Lungs of gp96-Ig-S Vaccinated Mice. Front Immunol 2021; 11:602254. [PMID: 33584668 PMCID: PMC7873992 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.602254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Given the aggressive spread of COVID-19-related deaths, there is an urgent public health need to support the development of vaccine candidates to rapidly improve the available control measures against SARS-CoV-2. To meet this need, we are leveraging our existing vaccine platform to target SARS-CoV-2. Here, we generated cellular heat shock chaperone protein, glycoprotein 96 (gp96), to deliver SARS-CoV-2 protein S (spike) to the immune system and to induce cell-mediated immune responses. We showed that our vaccine platform effectively stimulates a robust cellular immune response against protein S. Moreover, we confirmed that gp96-Ig, secreted from allogeneic cells expressing full-length protein S, generates powerful, protein S polyepitope-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses in both lung interstitium and airways. These findings were further strengthened by the observation that protein-S -specific CD8+ T cells were induced in human leukocyte antigen HLA-A2.1 transgenic mice thus providing encouraging translational data that the vaccine is likely to work in humans, in the context of SARS-CoV-2 antigen presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Fisher
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Laura Padula
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Kristin Podack
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Katelyn O’Neill
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | | | | | - Rahul Jasuja
- Heat Biologics, Inc., Morrisville, NC, United States
| | - Natasa Strbo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
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5
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Boilesen DR, Ragonnaud E, Laursen H, Andersson AMC, Tolver A, Spiess K, Holst PJ. CD8+ T cells induced by adenovirus-vectored vaccine are capable of preventing establishment of latent murine γ-herpesvirus 68 infection. Vaccine 2019; 37:2952-2959. [PMID: 31006497 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
CD8+ T cells are known to control infections, but their role in preventing latent infection from establishing has not been thoroughly investigated. We hypothesized that a potent CD8+ T cell response patrolling the mucosal viral entry points could kill the first infected cells and thereby abrogate the infection before latency is established. To investigate this, replication deficient adenovirus serotype 5 vectors encoding murine γ-herpesvirus-68 CD8+ T cell epitopes linkedto the T cell adjuvant Invariant chain, were developed. We show that intranasal vaccination of mice reduces the risk of establishment of latent infection from multiple intranasal ID50 challenges with murine γ-herpesvirus-68 by 81% per exposure at 14 days post vaccination. Protection waned over time, but immune responses were extended by heterologous prime-boost vaccination applied simultaneously intramuscularly and intranasally, and animals vaccinated 66 days prior to challenge showed a strong trend of long-term protection. Our data provides evidence that CD8+ T cells are able to protect against establishment of latent infection. Although the protective efficacy is difficult to maintain over time, this proof-of-concept study suggests a role for a CD8+ T cell arm in future vaccine strategies against latent human viral infections caused by pathogens such as HIV and multiple herpes virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ditte R Boilesen
- Centre for Medical Parasitology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; InProTher ApS, DK2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Emeline Ragonnaud
- Centre for Medical Parasitology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; NIA, NIH, Baltimore MD, USA
| | - Henriette Laursen
- Centre for Medical Parasitology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne-Marie C Andersson
- Centre for Medical Parasitology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; InProTher ApS, DK2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders Tolver
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Katja Spiess
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter J Holst
- Centre for Medical Parasitology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; InProTher ApS, DK2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
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Sauermann U, Radaelli A, Stolte-Leeb N, Raue K, Bissa M, Zanotto C, Krawczak M, Tenbusch M, Überla K, Keele BF, De Giuli Morghen C, Sopper S, Stahl-Hennig C. Vector Order Determines Protection against Pathogenic Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Infection in a Triple-Component Vaccine by Balancing CD4 + and CD8 + T-Cell Responses. J Virol 2017; 91:e01120-17. [PMID: 28904195 PMCID: PMC5686736 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01120-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
An effective AIDS vaccine should elicit strong humoral and cellular immune responses while maintaining low levels of CD4+ T-cell activation to avoid the generation of target cells for viral infection. The present study investigated two prime-boost regimens, both starting vaccination with single-cycle immunodeficiency virus, followed by two mucosal boosts with either recombinant adenovirus (rAd) or fowlpox virus (rFWPV) expressing SIVmac239 or SIVmac251 gag/pol and env genes, respectively. Finally, vectors were switched and systemically administered to the reciprocal group of animals. Only mucosal rFWPV immunizations followed by systemic rAd boost significantly protected animals against a repeated low-dose intrarectal challenge with pathogenic SIVmac251, resulting in a vaccine efficacy (i.e., risk reduction per exposure) of 68%. Delayed viral acquisition was associated with higher levels of activated CD8+ T cells and Gag-specific gamma interferon (IFN-γ)-secreting CD8+ cells, low virus-specific CD4+ T-cell responses, and low Env antibody titers. In contrast, the systemic rFWPV boost induced strong virus-specific CD4+ T-cell activity. rAd and rFWPV also induced differential patterns of the innate immune responses, thereby possibly shaping the specific immunity. Plasma CXCL10 levels after final immunization correlated directly with virus-specific CD4+ T-cell responses and inversely with the number of exposures to infection. Also, the percentage of activated CD69+ CD8+ T cells correlated with the number of exposures to infection. Differential stimulation of the immune response likely provided the basis for the diverging levels of protection afforded by the vaccine regimen.IMPORTANCE A failed phase II AIDS vaccine trial led to the hypothesis that CD4+ T-cell activation can abrogate any potentially protective effects delivered by vaccination or promote acquisition of the virus because CD4+ T helper cells, required for an effective immune response, also represent the target cells for viral infection. We compared two vaccination protocols that elicited similar levels of Gag-specific immune responses in rhesus macaques. Only the animal group that had a low level of virus-specific CD4+ T cells in combination with high levels of activated CD8+ T cells was significantly protected from infection. Notably, protection was achieved despite the lack of appreciable Env antibody titers. Moreover, we show that both the vector and the route of immunization affected the level of CD4+ T-cell responses. Thus, mucosal immunization with FWPV-based vaccines should be considered a potent prime in prime-boost vaccination protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Sauermann
- Unit of Infection Models, Deutsches Primatenzentrum GmbH, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Antonia Radaelli
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicole Stolte-Leeb
- Unit of Infection Models, Deutsches Primatenzentrum GmbH, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Katharina Raue
- Unit of Infection Models, Deutsches Primatenzentrum GmbH, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Massimiliano Bissa
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Carlo Zanotto
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Michael Krawczak
- Institute of Medical Informatics and Statistics, Christian-Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Matthias Tenbusch
- Department of Molecular and Medical Virology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Klaus Überla
- University Hospital Erlangen, Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Brandon F Keele
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Carlo De Giuli Morghen
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Catholic University Our Lady of Good Counsel, Tirana, Albania
| | - Sieghart Sopper
- Clinic for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University Innsbruck, Tyrolean Cancer Research Center, Innsbruck, Austria
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7
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Xu H, Andersson AM, Ragonnaud E, Boilesen D, Tolver A, Jensen BAH, Blanchard JL, Nicosia A, Folgori A, Colloca S, Cortese R, Thomsen AR, Christensen JP, Veazey RS, Holst PJ. Mucosal Vaccination with Heterologous Viral Vectored Vaccine Targeting Subdominant SIV Accessory Antigens Strongly Inhibits Early Viral Replication. EBioMedicine 2017; 18:204-215. [PMID: 28302457 PMCID: PMC5405164 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2017.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Conventional HIV T cell vaccine strategies have not been successful in containing acute peak viremia, nor in providing long-term control. We immunized rhesus macaques intramuscularly and rectally using a heterologous adenovirus vectored SIV vaccine regimen encoding normally weakly immunogenic tat, vif, rev and vpr antigens fused to the MHC class II associated invariant chain. Immunizations induced broad T cell responses in all vaccinees. Following up to 10 repeated low-dose intrarectal challenges, vaccinees suppressed early viral replication (P = 0.01) and prevented the peak viremia in 5/6 animals. Despite consistently undetectable viremia in 2 out of 6 vaccinees, all animals showed evidence of infection induced immune responses indicating that infection had taken place. Vaccinees, with and without detectable viremia better preserved their rectal CD4 + T cell population and had reduced immune hyperactivation as measured by naïve T cell depletion, Ki-67 and PD-1 expression on T cells. These results indicate that vaccination towards SIV accessory antigens vaccine can provide a level of acute control of SIV replication with a suggestion of beneficial immunological consequences in infected animals of unknown long-term significance. In conclusion, our studies demonstrate that a vaccine encoding subdominant antigens not normally associated with virus control can exert a significant impact on acute peak viremia. Mucosal heterologousvirus-vectored vaccine used with MHC class II associated invariant chain linked SIV accessory antigens Mucosal vaccination targeting subdominant antigens delay SIV mac251 replication in rhesus macaques. Longterm reduction of immune hyperactivation following SIV infection of vaccinated macaques.
Mucosal immunization is used with heterologous viral vectors and a genetic adjuvant to raise responses against poorly immunogenic SIV antigens. Following repeated low-dose challenge we observed delayed establishment of chronic phase viremia and reduced immune hyperactivation 6 months after established infection. Vaccination was found to strongly reduce viremia at early, but not late time points, after detected infection and in 2 out of 6 animals infection could only observed as virus induced T cell responses. Subdominant antigen vaccines may thus be used to delay SIV mac251 infection and can enable control of chronic viremia in a minority of cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanbin Xu
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, Covington, LA 70433, USA
| | - Anne-Marie Andersson
- Center for Medical Parasitology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, 1014, Denmark
| | - Emeline Ragonnaud
- Center for Medical Parasitology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, 1014, Denmark
| | - Ditte Boilesen
- Center for Medical Parasitology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, 1014, Denmark
| | - Anders Tolver
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
| | | | - James L Blanchard
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, Covington, LA 70433, USA
| | - Alfredo Nicosia
- ReiThera, viale Città d'Europa 679, 00144 Rome, Italy; CEINGE, via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145 Naples, Italy; Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ronald S Veazey
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, Covington, LA 70433, USA
| | - Peter Johannes Holst
- Center for Medical Parasitology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, 1014, Denmark.
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Kuri-Cervantes L, Fourati S, Canderan G, Sekaly RP. Systems biology and the quest for correlates of protection to guide the development of an HIV vaccine. Curr Opin Immunol 2016; 41:91-97. [PMID: 27392184 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2016.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Revised: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Over the last three decades, a myriad of data has been generated regarding HIV/SIV evolution, immune evasion, immune response, and pathogenesis. Much of this data can be integrated and potentially used to generate a successful vaccine. Although individual approaches have begun to shed light on mechanisms involved in vaccine-conferred protection from infection, true correlates of protection have not yet been identified. The systems biology approach helps unify datasets generated using different techniques and broaden our understanding of HIV immunopathogenesis. Moreover, systems biology is a tool that can provide correlates of protection, which can be targeted for the production of a successful HIV vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Kuri-Cervantes
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Wolstein Research Building, 2103 Cornell Road, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Slim Fourati
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Wolstein Research Building, 2103 Cornell Road, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Glenda Canderan
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Wolstein Research Building, 2103 Cornell Road, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Rafick-Pierre Sekaly
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Wolstein Research Building, 2103 Cornell Road, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
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9
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Vaccari M, Gordon SN, Fourati S, Schifanella L, Liyanage NPM, Cameron M, Keele BF, Shen X, Tomaras GD, Billings E, Rao M, Chung AW, Dowell KG, Bailey-Kellogg C, Brown EP, Ackerman ME, Vargas-Inchaustegui DA, Whitney S, Doster MN, Binello N, Pegu P, Montefiori DC, Foulds K, Quinn DS, Donaldson M, Liang F, Loré K, Roederer M, Koup RA, McDermott A, Ma ZM, Miller CJ, Phan TB, Forthal DN, Blackburn M, Caccuri F, Bissa M, Ferrari G, Kalyanaraman V, Ferrari MG, Thompson D, Robert-Guroff M, Ratto-Kim S, Kim JH, Michael NL, Phogat S, Barnett SW, Tartaglia J, Venzon D, Stablein DM, Alter G, Sekaly RP, Franchini G. Adjuvant-dependent innate and adaptive immune signatures of risk of SIVmac251 acquisition. Nat Med 2016; 22:762-70. [PMID: 27239761 PMCID: PMC5916782 DOI: 10.1038/nm.4105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A recombinant vaccine containing Aventis Pasteur's canarypox vector (ALVAC)-HIV and gp120 alum decreased the risk of HIV acquisition in the RV144 vaccine trial. The substitution of alum with the more immunogenic MF59 adjuvant is under consideration for the next efficacy human trial. We found here that an ALVAC-simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) and gp120 alum (ALVAC-SIV + gp120) equivalent vaccine, but not an ALVAC-SIV + gp120 MF59 vaccine, was efficacious in delaying the onset of SIVmac251 in rhesus macaques, despite the higher immunogenicity of the latter adjuvant. Vaccine efficacy was associated with alum-induced, but not with MF59-induced, envelope (Env)-dependent mucosal innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) that produce interleukin (IL)-17, as well as with mucosal IgG to the gp120 variable region 2 (V2) and the expression of 12 genes, ten of which are part of the RAS pathway. The association between RAS activation and vaccine efficacy was also observed in an independent efficacious SIV-vaccine approach. Whether RAS activation, mucosal ILCs and antibodies to V2 are also important hallmarks of HIV-vaccine efficacy in humans will require further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Vaccari
- Animal Models and Vaccine Section, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Shari N Gordon
- Animal Models and Vaccine Section, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Slim Fourati
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Luca Schifanella
- Animal Models and Vaccine Section, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, 'L. Sacco' Hospital, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Namal P M Liyanage
- Animal Models and Vaccine Section, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Mark Cameron
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Brandon F Keele
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Xiaoying Shen
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Erik Billings
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Mangala Rao
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Amy W Chung
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Karen G Dowell
- Department of Computer Science, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | | | - Eric P Brown
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Margaret E Ackerman
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | | | | | - Melvin N Doster
- Animal Models and Vaccine Section, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Nicolo Binello
- Animal Models and Vaccine Section, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Poonam Pegu
- Animal Models and Vaccine Section, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Kathryn Foulds
- Vaccine Research Center, US National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - David S Quinn
- Vaccine Research Center, US National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Mitzi Donaldson
- Vaccine Research Center, US National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | - Mario Roederer
- Vaccine Research Center, US National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Richard A Koup
- Vaccine Research Center, US National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Adrian McDermott
- Vaccine Research Center, US National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Zhong-Min Ma
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Christopher J Miller
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Tran B Phan
- University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Donald N Forthal
- University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Matthew Blackburn
- Animal Models and Vaccine Section, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Francesca Caccuri
- Animal Models and Vaccine Section, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Massimiliano Bissa
- Animal Models and Vaccine Section, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Guido Ferrari
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | | | | | - DeVon Thompson
- Advanced Bioscience Laboratories, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Marjorie Robert-Guroff
- Immune Biology of Retroviral Infection Section, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Silvia Ratto-Kim
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Jerome H Kim
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Nelson L Michael
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | | | - David Venzon
- Biostatistics and Data Management Section, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Galit Alter
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Genoveffa Franchini
- Animal Models and Vaccine Section, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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10
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Smith SA, Kilgore KM, Kasturi SP, Pulendran B, Hunter E, Amara RR, Derdeyn CA. Signatures in Simian Immunodeficiency Virus SIVsmE660 Envelope gp120 Are Associated with Mucosal Transmission but Not Vaccination Breakthrough in Rhesus Macaques. J Virol 2016; 90:1880-7. [PMID: 26676777 PMCID: PMC4734005 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02711-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Mucosal surfaces are vulnerable to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection and thus are key sites for eliciting vaccine-mediated protection. Vaccine protocols carried out at the Yerkes Primate Research Center utilized SIVmac239-based immunization strategies with intrarectal and intravaginal SIVsmE660 challenge of rhesus macaques. We investigated whether there were genetic signatures associated with SIVsmE660 intrarectal and intravaginal transmissions in vaccinated and unvaccinated monkeys. When transmitted/founder (T/F) envelope (Env) sequences from 49 vaccinated and 15 unvaccinated macaques were compared to each other, we were unable to identify any vaccine breakthrough signatures. In contrast, when the vaccinated and control T/F Envs were combined and compared to the challenge stock, residues at gp120 positions 23, 45, 47, and 70 (Ile-Ala-Lys-Asn [I-A-K-N]) emerged as signatures of mucosal transmission. However, T/F Envs derived from intrarectal and intravaginal infections were not different. Our data suggest that the vaginal and rectal mucosal environments both imposed a strong selection bias for SIVsmE660 variants carrying I-A-K-N that was not further enhanced by immunization. These findings, combined with the strong conservation of A-K-N in most HIV-2/SIVsmm isolates and the analogous residues in HIV-1/SIVcpz isolates, suggest that these residues confer increased transmission fitness to SIVsmE660. IMPORTANCE Most HIV-1 infections occur across a mucosal barrier, and it is therefore important to understand why these sites are vulnerable and how to protect them with a vaccine. To gain insight into these questions, we studied rhesus macaques that were vaccinated with SIVmac239 and unvaccinated controls to determine whether the SIVsmE660 viral variants that infected these two groups were different. We did not find differences between viral variants in the absence versus presence of vaccination-induced immunity, but we did find that the SIVsmE660 viral variants that infected the monkeys, regardless of vaccination, were different from the dominant population found in the viral challenge inoculum. Our data suggest that the mucosal environments of the vagina and rectum both impose a strong selection for the SIVsmE660 variants in the challenge inoculum that are most like SIV and HIVs that circulate in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Abigail Smith
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Katie M Kilgore
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Sudhir Pai Kasturi
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Bali Pulendran
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Eric Hunter
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Rama R Amara
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Cynthia A Derdeyn
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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