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Murphy DM, Walsh A, Stein L, Petrasca A, Cox DJ, Brown K, Duffin E, Jameson G, Connolly SA, O'Connell F, O'Sullivan J, Basdeo SA, Keane J, Phelan JJ. Human Macrophages Activate Bystander Neutrophils' Metabolism and Effector Functions When Challenged with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2898. [PMID: 38474145 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are dynamic cells, playing a critical role in pathogen clearance; however, neutrophil infiltration into the tissue can act as a double-edged sword. They are one of the primary sources of excessive inflammation during infection, which has been observed in many infectious diseases including pneumonia and active tuberculosis (TB). Neutrophil function is influenced by interactions with other immune cells within the inflammatory lung milieu; however, how these interactions affect neutrophil function is unclear. Our study examined the macrophage-neutrophil axis by assessing the effects of conditioned medium (MΦ-CM) from primary human monocyte-derived macrophages (hMDMs) stimulated with LPS or a whole bacterium (Mycobacterium tuberculosis) on neutrophil function. Stimulated hMDM-derived MΦ-CM boosts neutrophil activation, heightening oxidative and glycolytic metabolism, but diminishes migratory potential. These neutrophils exhibit increased ROS production, elevated NET formation, and heightened CXCL8, IL-13, and IL-6 compared to untreated or unstimulated hMDM-treated neutrophils. Collectively, these data show that MΦ-CM from stimulated hMDMs activates neutrophils, bolsters their energetic profile, increase effector and inflammatory functions, and sequester them at sites of infection by decreasing their migratory capacity. These data may aid in the design of novel immunotherapies for severe pneumonia, active tuberculosis and other diseases driven by pathological inflammation mediated by the macrophage-neutrophil axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dearbhla M Murphy
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute (TTMI), Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St. James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 8, D08 W9RT Dublin, Ireland
| | - Anastasija Walsh
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute (TTMI), Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St. James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 8, D08 W9RT Dublin, Ireland
| | - Laura Stein
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute (TTMI), Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St. James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 8, D08 W9RT Dublin, Ireland
| | - Andreea Petrasca
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute (TBSI), Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, D02 R590 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Donal J Cox
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute (TTMI), Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St. James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 8, D08 W9RT Dublin, Ireland
| | - Kevin Brown
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute (TTMI), Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St. James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 8, D08 W9RT Dublin, Ireland
| | - Emily Duffin
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute (TTMI), Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St. James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 8, D08 W9RT Dublin, Ireland
| | - Gráinne Jameson
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute (TTMI), Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St. James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 8, D08 W9RT Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sarah A Connolly
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute (TTMI), Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St. James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 8, D08 W9RT Dublin, Ireland
| | - Fiona O'Connell
- Department of Surgery, Trinity St. James's Cancer Institute, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute (TTMI), St. James's Hospital, Dublin 8, D08 W9RT Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jacintha O'Sullivan
- Department of Surgery, Trinity St. James's Cancer Institute, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute (TTMI), St. James's Hospital, Dublin 8, D08 W9RT Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sharee A Basdeo
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute (TTMI), Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St. James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 8, D08 W9RT Dublin, Ireland
| | - Joseph Keane
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute (TTMI), Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St. James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 8, D08 W9RT Dublin, Ireland
| | - James J Phelan
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute (TTMI), Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St. James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 8, D08 W9RT Dublin, Ireland
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2
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García-Bengoa M, Meurer M, Goethe R, Singh M, Reljic R, von Köckritz-Blickwede M. Role of phagocyte extracellular traps during Mycobacterium tuberculosis infections and tuberculosis disease processes. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:983299. [PMID: 37492257 PMCID: PMC10365110 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.983299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) infections remain one of the most significant causes of mortality worldwide. The current situation shows an emergence of new antibiotic-resistant strains making it difficult to control the tuberculosis (TB) disease. A large part of its success as a pathogen is due to its ability to persist for years or even decades without causing evident clinical manifestations. M.tb is highly successful in evading the host-defense by manipulating host-signalling pathways. Although macrophages are generally viewed as the key cell type involved in harboring M.tb, growing evidence shows that neutrophils also play a fundamental role. Both cells are known to act in multiple ways when encountering an invading pathogen, including phagocytosis, release of cytokines and chemokines, and oxidative burst. In addition, the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and macrophage extracellular traps (METs) has been described to contribute to M.tb infections. NETs/METs are extracellular DNA fibers with associated granule components, which are released upon activation of the cells by the pathogen or by pro-inflammatory mediators. On one hand, they can lead to a protective immune response by entrapment and killing of pathogens. However, on the other hand, they can also play a severe pathological role by inducing tissue damage. Extracellular traps (ETs) produced in the pulmonary alveoli can expand easily and expose tissue-damaging factors with detrimental effects. Since host-directed therapies offer a complementary strategy in TB, the knowledge of NET/MET formation is important for understanding potential protective versus detrimental pathways during innate immune signaling. In this review, we summarize the progress made in understanding the role of NETs/METs in the pathogenesis of TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- María García-Bengoa
- Institute for Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
- LIONEX Diagnostics and Therapeutics GmbH, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Marita Meurer
- Institute for Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ralph Goethe
- Institute for Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Mahavir Singh
- LIONEX Diagnostics and Therapeutics GmbH, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Rajko Reljic
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George’s University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Maren von Köckritz-Blickwede
- Institute for Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
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3
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Poh XY, Loh FK, Friedland JS, Ong CWM. Neutrophil-Mediated Immunopathology and Matrix Metalloproteinases in Central Nervous System - Tuberculosis. Front Immunol 2022; 12:788976. [PMID: 35095865 PMCID: PMC8789671 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.788976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) remains one of the leading infectious killers in the world, infecting approximately a quarter of the world’s population with the causative organism Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb). Central nervous system tuberculosis (CNS-TB) is the most severe form of TB, with high mortality and residual neurological sequelae even with effective TB treatment. In CNS-TB, recruited neutrophils infiltrate into the brain to carry out its antimicrobial functions of degranulation, phagocytosis and NETosis. However, neutrophils also mediate inflammation, tissue destruction and immunopathology in the CNS. Neutrophils release key mediators including matrix metalloproteinase (MMPs) which degrade brain extracellular matrix (ECM), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α which may drive inflammation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) that drive cellular necrosis and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), interacting with platelets to form thrombi that may lead to ischemic stroke. Host-directed therapies (HDTs) targeting these key mediators are potentially exciting, but currently remain of unproven effectiveness. This article reviews the key role of neutrophils and neutrophil-derived mediators in driving CNS-TB immunopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Ying Poh
- Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Fei Kean Loh
- Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jon S Friedland
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George's, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine W M Ong
- Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.,Institute for Health Innovation and Technology (iHealthtech), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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4
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McLoughlin KE, Correia CN, Browne JA, Magee DA, Nalpas NC, Rue-Albrecht K, Whelan AO, Villarreal-Ramos B, Vordermeier HM, Gormley E, Gordon SV, MacHugh DE. RNA-Seq Transcriptome Analysis of Peripheral Blood From Cattle Infected With Mycobacterium bovis Across an Experimental Time Course. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:662002. [PMID: 34124223 PMCID: PMC8193354 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.662002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine tuberculosis, caused by infection with members of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, particularly Mycobacterium bovis, is a major endemic disease affecting cattle populations worldwide, despite the implementation of stringent surveillance and control programs in many countries. The development of high-throughput functional genomics technologies, including RNA sequencing, has enabled detailed analysis of the host transcriptome to M. bovis infection, particularly at the macrophage and peripheral blood level. In the present study, we have analysed the transcriptome of bovine whole peripheral blood samples collected at −1 week pre-infection and +1, +2, +6, +10, and +12 weeks post-infection time points. Differentially expressed genes were catalogued and evaluated at each post-infection time point relative to the −1 week pre-infection time point and used for the identification of putative candidate host transcriptional biomarkers for M. bovis infection. Differentially expressed gene sets were also used for examination of cellular pathways associated with the host response to M. bovis infection, construction of de novo gene interaction networks enriched for host differentially expressed genes, and time-series analyses to identify functionally important groups of genes displaying similar patterns of expression across the infection time course. A notable outcome of these analyses was identification of a 19-gene transcriptional biosignature of infection consisting of genes increased in expression across the time course from +1 week to +12 weeks post-infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten E McLoughlin
- Animal Genomics Laboratory, UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, UCD College of Health and Agricultural Sciences, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Carolina N Correia
- Animal Genomics Laboratory, UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, UCD College of Health and Agricultural Sciences, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - John A Browne
- Animal Genomics Laboratory, UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, UCD College of Health and Agricultural Sciences, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - David A Magee
- Animal Genomics Laboratory, UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, UCD College of Health and Agricultural Sciences, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Nicolas C Nalpas
- Animal Genomics Laboratory, UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, UCD College of Health and Agricultural Sciences, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Kevin Rue-Albrecht
- Animal Genomics Laboratory, UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, UCD College of Health and Agricultural Sciences, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Adam O Whelan
- TB Immunology and Vaccinology Team, Department of Bacteriology, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Weybridge, United Kingdom
| | - Bernardo Villarreal-Ramos
- TB Immunology and Vaccinology Team, Department of Bacteriology, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Weybridge, United Kingdom
| | - H Martin Vordermeier
- TB Immunology and Vaccinology Team, Department of Bacteriology, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Weybridge, United Kingdom
| | - Eamonn Gormley
- UCD School of Veterinary Medicine, UCD College of Health and Agricultural Sciences, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Stephen V Gordon
- UCD School of Veterinary Medicine, UCD College of Health and Agricultural Sciences, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - David E MacHugh
- Animal Genomics Laboratory, UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, UCD College of Health and Agricultural Sciences, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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5
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Neutrophils in Tuberculosis: Cell Biology, Cellular Networking and Multitasking in Host Defense. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094801. [PMID: 33946542 PMCID: PMC8125784 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils readily infiltrate infection foci, phagocytose and usually destroy microbes. In tuberculosis (TB), a chronic pulmonary infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), neutrophils harbor bacilli, are abundant in tissue lesions, and their abundances in blood correlate with poor disease outcomes in patients. The biology of these innate immune cells in TB is complex. Neutrophils have been assigned host-beneficial as well as deleterious roles. The short lifespan of neutrophils purified from blood poses challenges to cell biology studies, leaving intracellular biological processes and the precise consequences of Mtb–neutrophil interactions ill-defined. The phenotypic heterogeneity of neutrophils, and their propensity to engage in cellular cross-talk and to exert various functions during homeostasis and disease, have recently been reported, and such observations are newly emerging in TB. Here, we review the interactions of neutrophils with Mtb, including subcellular events and cell fate upon infection, and summarize the cross-talks between neutrophils and lung-residing and -recruited cells. We highlight the roles of neutrophils in TB pathophysiology, discussing recent findings from distinct models of pulmonary TB, and emphasize technical advances that could facilitate the discovery of novel neutrophil-related disease mechanisms and enrich our knowledge of TB pathogenesis.
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6
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Ladero-Auñon I, Molina E, Holder A, Kolakowski J, Harris H, Urkitza A, Anguita J, Werling D, Elguezabal N. Bovine Neutrophils Release Extracellular Traps and Cooperate With Macrophages in Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis clearance In Vitro. Front Immunol 2021; 12:645304. [PMID: 33815401 PMCID: PMC8010319 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.645304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (Map) is the underlying pathogen causing bovine paratuberculosis (PTB), an enteric granulomatous disease that mainly affects ruminants and for which an effective treatment is needed. Macrophages are the primary target cells for Map, which survives and replicates intracellularly by inhibiting phagosome maturation. Neutrophils are present at disease sites during the early stages of the infection, but seem to be absent in the late stage, in contrast to healthy tissue. Although neutrophil activity has been reported to be impaired following Map infection, their role in PTB pathogenesis has not been fully defined. Neutrophils are capable of releasing extracellular traps consisting of extruded DNA and proteins that immobilize and kill microorganisms, but this mechanism has not been evaluated against Map. Our main objective was to study the interaction of neutrophils with macrophages during an in vitro mycobacterial infection. For this purpose, neutrophils and macrophages from the same animal were cultured alone or together in the presence of Map or Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus-Calmette-Guérin (BCG). Extracellular trap release, mycobacteria killing as well as IL-1β and IL-8 release were assessed. Neutrophils released extracellular traps against mycobacteria when cultured alone and in the presence of macrophages without direct cell contact, but resulted inhibited in direct contact. Macrophages were extremely efficient at killing BCG, but ineffective at killing Map. In contrast, neutrophils showed similar killing rates for both mycobacteria. Co-cultures infected with Map showed the expected killing effect of combining both cell types, whereas co-cultures infected with BCG showed a potentiated killing effect beyond the expected one, indicating a potential synergistic cooperation. In both cases, IL-1β and IL-8 levels were lower in co-cultures, suggestive of a reduced inflammatory reaction. These data indicate that cooperation of both cell types can be beneficial in terms of decreasing the inflammatory reaction while the effective elimination of Map can be compromised. These results suggest that neutrophils are effective at Map killing and can exert protective mechanisms against Map that seem to fail during PTB disease after the arrival of macrophages at the infection site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iraia Ladero-Auñon
- Animal Health Department, NEIKER-Basque Institute for Agricultural Research and Development-Basque Research and Technology Allianca (BRTA), Derio, Spain.,Food Quality and Safety Department, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Elena Molina
- Animal Health Department, NEIKER-Basque Institute for Agricultural Research and Development-Basque Research and Technology Allianca (BRTA), Derio, Spain
| | - Angela Holder
- Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, United Kingdom
| | - Jeannine Kolakowski
- Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, United Kingdom
| | - Heather Harris
- Food Quality and Safety Department, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | | | - Juan Anguita
- Inflammation and Macrophage Plasticity Laboratory, Centro de Investigaciones Cooperativas (CIC) bioGUNE-Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Spain.,Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Dirk Werling
- Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, United Kingdom
| | - Natalia Elguezabal
- Animal Health Department, NEIKER-Basque Institute for Agricultural Research and Development-Basque Research and Technology Allianca (BRTA), Derio, Spain
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7
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Hilda JN, Das S, Tripathy SP, Hanna LE. Role of neutrophils in tuberculosis: A bird's eye view. Innate Immun 2020; 26:240-247. [PMID: 31735099 PMCID: PMC7251797 DOI: 10.1177/1753425919881176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are innate immune cells implicated in the process of killing Mycobacterium tuberculosis early during infection. Once the mycobacteria enter the human system, neutrophils sense and engulf them. By secreting bactericidal enzymes and α-defensins like human neutrophil peptides loaded in their granule armory, neutrophils kill the pathogen. Peripheral blood neutrophils secrete a wide range of cytokines like IL-8, IL-1-β and IFN-γ in response to mycobacterial infection. Thus they signal and activate distant immune cells thereby informing them of prevailing infection. The activated monocytes, dendritic cells and T cells further continue the immune response. As a final call, neutrophils release neutrophil extracellular traps in circulation which can trap mycobacteria in patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis. Extensive neutrophilic response is associated with inflammation, pulmonary destruction, and pathology. For example, inappropriate phagocytosis of mycobacteria-infected neutrophils can damage host cells due to necrosis of neutrophils, leading to chronic inflammation and tissue damage. This dual nature of neutrophils makes them double-edged swords during tuberculosis, and hence data available on neutrophil functions against mycobacterium are controversial and non-uniform. This article reviews the role of neutrophils in tuberculosis infection and highlights research gaps that need to be addressed. We focus on our understanding of new research ideologies targeting neutrophils (a) in the early stages of infection for boosting specific immune functions or (b) in the later stages of infection to prevent inflammatory conditions mediated by activated neutrophils. This would plausibly lead to the development of better tuberculosis vaccines and therapeutics in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Nancy Hilda
- Department of HIV/AIDS, National Institute for Research in
Tuberculosis, Chetpet, Chennai, India
| | - Sulochana Das
- Department of Immunology, National Institute for Research in
Tuberculosis, Chetpet, Chennai, India
| | - Srikanth P Tripathy
- Department of HIV/AIDS, National Institute for Research in
Tuberculosis, Chetpet, Chennai, India
| | - Luke Elizabeth Hanna
- Department of HIV/AIDS, National Institute for Research in
Tuberculosis, Chetpet, Chennai, India
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8
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Williams WR, Troudt J, Creissen E, Bielefeldt-Ohmann H, Johnston MS, Kendall LV, Izzo AA. Evaluation of Peripheral Blood Markers as Early Endpoint Criteria in Guinea Pigs ( Cavia porcellus) when Testing Tuberculosis Vaccine Candidates. Comp Med 2020; 70:45-55. [PMID: 31952557 DOI: 10.30802/aalas-cm-19-000047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The guinea pig model of tuberculosis is used extensively to assess the efficacy of novel tuberculosis vaccines. There are established parameters to determine vaccine efficacy in this model, but the science community currently lacks established biomarkers for early detection and monitoring of experimental disease in guinea pigs. To define a set of biomarkers that could be used as benchmarks for disease progression and early endpoint criteria, we assessed serum biochemical and hematology parameters in 2 groups of guinea pigs-one vaccinated with the attenuated Mycobacterium bovis vaccine strain (BCG) and one sham-vaccinated with saline-and then experimentally infected with a virulent strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. After infection, WBC showed the strongest differences between saline-inoculated and vaccinated animals, with more subtle changes in other serum biochemical parameters, including ALT and ALP. Therefore, this study provides a starting point for evaluating the utility of blood values as possible early endpoint criteria in the guinea pig model of tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy R Williams
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma;,
| | - JoLynn Troudt
- Departments of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Elizabeth Creissen
- Departments of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Helle Bielefeldt-Ohmann
- University of Queensland, Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, St Lucia, and School of Veterinary Science, Gatton Campus, Queensland, Australia
| | - Matthew S Johnston
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Lon V Kendall
- Departments of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Angelo A Izzo
- Departments of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
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9
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Dindot SV, Doan RN, Kuskie KR, Hillman PR, Whitfield CM, McQueen CM, Bordin AI, Bourquin JR, Cohen ND. Postnatal changes in epigenetic modifications of neutrophils of foals are associated with increased ROS function and regulation of neutrophil function. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 87:182-187. [PMID: 29958850 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2018.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Neonates of all species, including foals, are highly susceptible to infection, and neutrophils play a crucial role in innate immunity to infection. Evidence exists that neutrophils of neonatal foals are functionally deficient during the first weeks of life, including expression of cytokine genes such as IFNG. We hypothesized that postnatal epigenetic changes were likely to regulate the observed age-related changes in foal neutrophils. Using ChIP-Seq, we identified significant differences in trimethylated histone H3 lysine 4, an epigenetic modification associated with active promoters and enhancers, in neutrophils in foals at 30 days of age relative to 1 day of age. These chromatin changes were associated with genes implicated in immune responses and were consistent with age-related changes in neutrophil functional responses including ROS generation and IFN expression. Postnatal changes in epigenetic modifications suggest that environmentally-mediated cues help to promote maturation of neutrophil functional responses. Elucidating the environmental triggers and their signaling pathways could provide a means for improving innate immune responses of neonates to improve their ability to combat infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott V Dindot
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, College Station, TX, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine, College Station, TX, USA.
| | - Ryan N Doan
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Kyle R Kuskie
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Paul R Hillman
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Canaan M Whitfield
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Cole M McQueen
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Angela I Bordin
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Jessica R Bourquin
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Noah D Cohen
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, College Station, TX, USA.
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10
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Abstract
Tuberculosis remains one of the greatest threats to human health. The causative bacterium, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, is acquired by the respiratory route. It is exquisitely adapted to humans and is a prototypic intracellular pathogen of macrophages, with alveolar macrophages being the primary conduit of infection and disease. However, M. tuberculosis bacilli interact with and are affected by several soluble and cellular components of the innate immune system which dictate the outcome of primary infection, most commonly a latently infected healthy human host, in whom the bacteria are held in check by the host immune response within the confines of tissue granuloma, the host histopathologic hallmark. Such individuals can develop active TB later in life with impairment in the immune system. In contrast, in a minority of infected individuals, the early host immune response fails to control bacterial growth, and progressive granulomatous disease develops, facilitating spread of the bacilli via infectious aerosols. The molecular details of the M. tuberculosis-host innate immune system interaction continue to be elucidated, particularly those occurring within the lung. However, it is clear that a number of complex processes are involved at the different stages of infection that may benefit either the bacterium or the host. In this article, we describe a contemporary view of the molecular events underlying the interaction between M. tuberculosis and a variety of cellular and soluble components and processes of the innate immune system.
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11
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Abstract
Infection with M. tuberculosis remains one of the most common infections in the world. The outcome of the infection depends on host ability to mount effective protection and balance inflammatory responses. Neutrophils are innate immune cells implicated in both processes. Accordingly, during M. tuberculosis infection, they play a dual role. Particularly, they contribute to the generation of effector T cells, participate in the formation of granuloma, and are directly involved in tissue necrosis, destruction, and infection dissemination. Neutrophils have a high bactericidal potential. However, data on their ability to eliminate M. tuberculosis are controversial, and the results of neutrophil depletion experiments are not uniform. Thus, the overall roles of neutrophils during M. tuberculosis infection and factors that determine these roles are not fully understood. This review analyzes data on neutrophil defensive and pathological functions during tuberculosis and considers hypotheses explaining the dualism of neutrophils during M. tuberculosis infection and tuberculosis disease.
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12
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Chingwaru W, Glashoff RH, Vidmar J, Kapewangolo P, Sampson SL. Mammalian cell cultures as models for Mycobacterium tuberculosis-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) interaction studies: A review. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2016; 9:832-838. [PMID: 27633294 DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtm.2016.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) co-infections have remained a major public health concern worldwide, particularly in Southern Africa. Yet our understanding of the molecular interactions between the pathogens has remained poor due to lack of suitable preclinical models for such studies. We reviewed the use, this far, of mammalian cell culture models in HIV-MTB interaction studies. Studies have described the use of primary human cell cultures, including (1) monocyte-derived macrophage (MDM) fractions of peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC), alveolar macrophages (AM), (2) cell lines such as the monocyte-derived macrophage cell line (U937), T lymphocyte cell lines (CEMx174, ESAT-6-specific CD4(+) T-cells) and an alveolar epithelial cell line (A549) and (3) special models such as stem cells, three dimensional (3D) or organoid cell models (including a blood-brain barrier cell model) in HIV-MTB interaction studies. The use of cell cultures from other mammals, including: mouse cell lines [macrophage cell lines RAW 264.7 and J774.2, fibroblast cell lines (NIH 3T3, C3H clones), embryonic fibroblast cell lines and T-lymphoma cell lines (S1A.TB, TIMI.4 and R1.1)]; rat (T cells: Rat2, RGE, XC and HH16, and alveolar cells: NR8383) and primary guinea pigs derived AMs, in HIV-MTB studies is also described. Given the spectrum of the models available, cell cultures offer great potential for host-HIV-MTB interactions studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter Chingwaru
- DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research/SAMRC Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa; Institute Ceres/Zavod Ceres, Lahovna 16, 3000 Celje, Slovenia; Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Bindura University Science Education, P. Bag 1020, Bindura, Zimbabwe.
| | - Richard H Glashoff
- Division of Medical Virology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jerneja Vidmar
- Institute Ceres/Zavod Ceres, Lahovna 16, 3000 Celje, Slovenia; Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Bindura University Science Education, P. Bag 1020, Bindura, Zimbabwe; Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University Medical Centre Maribor, Ljubljanska 5, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Petrina Kapewangolo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Namibia, Windhoek, Namibia
| | - Samantha L Sampson
- DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research/SAMRC Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
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13
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Andrade-Silva M, Correa LB, Candéa ALP, Cavalher-Machado SC, Barbosa HS, Rosas EC, Henriques MG. The cannabinoid 2 receptor agonist β-caryophyllene modulates the inflammatory reaction induced by Mycobacterium bovis BCG by inhibiting neutrophil migration. Inflamm Res 2016; 65:869-879. [PMID: 27379721 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-016-0969-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN β-Caryophyllene (BCP) is a sesquiterpene that binds to the cannabinoid 2 (CB2) receptor and exerts anti-inflammatory effects. In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effect of BCP and another CB2 agonist, GP1a in inflammatory experimental model induced by Mycobacterium bovis (BCG). METHODS C57Bl/6 mice were pretreated orally with BCP (0.5-50 mg/kg) or intraperitonealy with GP1a (10 mg/kg) 1 h before the induction of pleurisy or pulmonary inflammation by BCG. The direct action of CB2 agonists on neutrophils function was evaluated in vitro. RESULTS β-Caryophyllene (50 mg/kg) impaired BCG-induced neutrophil accumulation in pleurisy without affecting mononuclear cells or the production of TNF-α and CCL2/MCP-1. However, BCP inhibited CXCL1/KC, leukotriene B4 (LTB4), IL-12, and nitric oxide production. GP1a had a similar effect to BCP. Preincubation of neutrophils with BCP (10 µM) impaired chemotaxis toward LTB4 and adhesion to endothelial cells stimulated with TNF-α, and both, BCP and GP1a, impaired LTB4-induced actin polymerization. CONCLUSION These results suggest that the CB2 receptor may represent a new target for modulating the inflammatory reaction induced by mycobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magaiver Andrade-Silva
- Laboratório de Farmacologia Aplicada, Instituto de Tecnologia em Fármacos-Farmanguinhos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rua Sizenando Nabuco 100, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21041-250, Brasil.,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Inovação em Doenças de Populações Negligenciadas (INCT-IDPN), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Luana Barbosa Correa
- Laboratório de Farmacologia Aplicada, Instituto de Tecnologia em Fármacos-Farmanguinhos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rua Sizenando Nabuco 100, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21041-250, Brasil.,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Inovação em Doenças de Populações Negligenciadas (INCT-IDPN), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - André Luis Peixoto Candéa
- Laboratório de Farmacologia Aplicada, Instituto de Tecnologia em Fármacos-Farmanguinhos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rua Sizenando Nabuco 100, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21041-250, Brasil.,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Inovação em Doenças de Populações Negligenciadas (INCT-IDPN), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Simone C Cavalher-Machado
- Laboratório de Farmacologia Aplicada, Instituto de Tecnologia em Fármacos-Farmanguinhos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rua Sizenando Nabuco 100, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21041-250, Brasil
| | - Helene Santos Barbosa
- Laboratório de Biologia Estrutural, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-361, Brasil
| | - Elaine Cruz Rosas
- Laboratório de Farmacologia Aplicada, Instituto de Tecnologia em Fármacos-Farmanguinhos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rua Sizenando Nabuco 100, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21041-250, Brasil.,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Inovação em Doenças de Populações Negligenciadas (INCT-IDPN), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Maria G Henriques
- Laboratório de Farmacologia Aplicada, Instituto de Tecnologia em Fármacos-Farmanguinhos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rua Sizenando Nabuco 100, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21041-250, Brasil. .,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Inovação em Doenças de Populações Negligenciadas (INCT-IDPN), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil. .,Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico em Saúde (CDTS), Av. Brasil 4365, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-361, Brasil.
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14
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Hodgkinson JW, Ge JQ, Katzenback BA, Havixbeck JJ, Barreda DR, Stafford JL, Belosevic M. Development of an in vitro model system to study the interactions between Mycobacterium marinum and teleost neutrophils. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 53:349-357. [PMID: 26231477 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2015.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Revised: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The lack of a reliable mammalian neutrophil in vitro culture system has restricted our ability to examine their precise roles in mycobacterial infections. Previously, we developed the procedures for the isolation and culture of primary kidney-derived neutrophil-like cells from goldfish that are functionally and morphologically similar to mammalian neutrophils. The cultured primary goldfish neutrophils exhibited prolonged viability and functional effector responses. In this study, we demonstrate that when exposed to live or heat-killed Mycobacterium marinum, goldfish neutrophils increased their mRNA levels for several pro-inflammatory cytokines (il-1β1, il-1β2, tnfα-1, tnfα-2) and the cytokine receptors (ifngr1-1, tnfr1, tnfr2). These neutrophils also exhibited chemotaxis toward live mycobacteria, internalized the bacilli, and produced reactive oxygen intermediates (ROI) in response to pathogen exposure. The survival of intracellular mycobacteria was significantly reduced in activated neutrophils, indicating a robust killing response by these teleost granulocytes. We suggest that this goldfish primary neutrophil in vitro model system will provide important information regarding neutrophil-mediated host defense mechanisms against mycobacteria in teleosts as well as in higher vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan W Hodgkinson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jun-Qing Ge
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Barbara A Katzenback
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jeffrey J Havixbeck
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Daniel R Barreda
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Department of Agricultural Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - James L Stafford
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Miodrag Belosevic
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
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15
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Francisco NM, Hsu NJ, Keeton R, Randall P, Sebesho B, Allie N, Govender D, Quesniaux V, Ryffel B, Kellaway L, Jacobs M. TNF-dependent regulation and activation of innate immune cells are essential for host protection against cerebral tuberculosis. J Neuroinflammation 2015; 12:125. [PMID: 26112704 PMCID: PMC4488051 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-015-0345-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tuberculosis (TB) affects one third of the global population, and TB of the central nervous system (CNS-TB) is the most severe form of tuberculosis which often associates with high mortality. The pro-inflammatory cytokine tumour necrosis factor (TNF) plays a critical role in the initial and long-term host immune protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) which involves the activation of innate immune cells and structure maintenance of granulomas. However, the contribution of TNF, in particular neuron-derived TNF, in the control of cerebral M. tuberculosis infection and its protective immune responses in the CNS were not clear. Methods We generated neuron-specific TNF-deficient (NsTNF−/−) mice and compared outcomes of disease against TNFf/f control and global TNF−/− mice. Mycobacterial burden in brains, lungs and spleens were compared, and cerebral pathology and cellular contributions analysed by microscopy and flow cytometry after M. tuberculosis infection. Activation of innate immune cells was measured by flow cytometry and cell function assessed by cytokine and chemokine quantification using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results Intracerebral M. tuberculosis infection of TNF−/− mice rendered animals highly susceptible, accompanied by uncontrolled bacilli replication and eventual mortality. In contrast, NsTNF−/− mice were resistant to infection and presented with a phenotype similar to that in TNFf/f control mice. Impaired immunity in TNF−/− mice was associated with altered cytokine and chemokine synthesis in the brain and characterised by a reduced number of activated innate immune cells. Brain pathology reflected enhanced inflammation dominated by neutrophil influx. Conclusion Our data show that neuron-derived TNF has a limited role in immune responses, but overall TNF production is necessary for protective immunity against CNS-TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngiambudulu M Francisco
- Division of Immunology, Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory, Cape Town, 7925, South Africa.
| | - Nai-Jen Hsu
- Division of Immunology, Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory, Cape Town, 7925, South Africa.
| | - Roanne Keeton
- Division of Immunology, Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory, Cape Town, 7925, South Africa.
| | - Philippa Randall
- Division of Immunology, Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory, Cape Town, 7925, South Africa.
| | - Boipelo Sebesho
- Division of Immunology, Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory, Cape Town, 7925, South Africa.
| | - Nasiema Allie
- Division of Immunology, Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory, Cape Town, 7925, South Africa. .,Division for Postgraduate Studies, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa.
| | - Dhirendra Govender
- Division of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa. .,National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | - Valerie Quesniaux
- Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics, University of Orleans, Orleans, France. .,CNRS UMR7355, Orleans, France.
| | - Bernhard Ryffel
- Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics, University of Orleans, Orleans, France. .,CNRS UMR7355, Orleans, France.
| | - Lauriston Kellaway
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Muazzam Jacobs
- Division of Immunology, Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory, Cape Town, 7925, South Africa. .,National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa.
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16
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Hodgson K, Morris J, Bridson T, Govan B, Rush C, Ketheesan N. Immunological mechanisms contributing to the double burden of diabetes and intracellular bacterial infections. Immunology 2015; 144:171-85. [PMID: 25262977 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2014] [Revised: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes has been recognized as an important risk factor for a variety of intracellular bacterial infections, but research into the dysregulated immune mechanisms contributing to the impaired host-pathogen interactions is in its infancy. Diabetes is characterized by a chronic state of low-grade inflammation due to activation of pro-inflammatory mediators and increased formation of advanced glycation end products. Increased oxidative stress also exacerbates the chronic inflammatory processes observed in diabetes. The reduced phagocytic and antibacterial activity of neutrophils and macrophages provides an intracellular niche for the pathogen to replicate. Phagocytic and antibacterial dysfunction may be mediated directly through altered glucose metabolism and oxidative stress. Furthermore, impaired activation of natural killer cells contributes to decreased levels of interferon-γ, required for promoting macrophage antibacterial mechanisms. Together with impaired dendritic cell function, this impedes timely activation of adaptive immune responses. Increased intracellular oxidation of antigen-presenting cells in individuals with diabetes alters the cytokine profile generated and the subsequent balance of T-cell immunity. The establishment of acute intracellular bacterial infections in the diabetic host is associated with impaired T-cell-mediated immune responses. Concomitant to the greater intracellular bacterial burden and potential cumulative effect of chronic inflammatory processes, late hyper-inflammatory cytokine responses are often observed in individuals with diabetes, contributing to systemic pathology. The convergence of intracellular bacterial infections and diabetes poses new challenges for immunologists, providing the impetus for multidisciplinary research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Hodgson
- Infectious Diseases and Immunopathogenesis Research Group, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, Qld, Australia
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17
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Arcos J, Diangelo LE, Scordo JM, Sasindran SJ, Moliva JI, Turner J, Torrelles JB. Lung Mucosa Lining Fluid Modification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to Reprogram Human Neutrophil Killing Mechanisms. J Infect Dis 2015; 212:948-58. [PMID: 25748325 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiv146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We have shown that human alveolar lining fluid (ALF) contains homeostatic hydrolases capable of altering the Mycobacterium tuberculosis cell wall and subsequently its interaction with human macrophages. Neutrophils are also an integral part of the host immune response to M. tuberculosis infection. Here we show that the human lung mucosa influences M. tuberculosis interaction with neutrophils, enhancing the intracellular killing of ALF-exposed M. tuberculosis and up-regulating the expression of tumor necrosis factor and interleukin 8. In contrast, ALF-exposed M. tuberculosis does not induce neutrophil apoptosis or necrosis, degranulation, or release of extracellular traps, and it decreases the oxidative response. These results suggest an important role for the human alveolar mucosa: increasing the innate capacity of the neutrophil to recognize and kill M. tuberculosis by favoring the use of intracellular mechanisms, while at the same time limiting neutrophil extracellular inflammatory responses to minimize their associated tissue damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Arcos
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity
| | | | | | | | | | - Joanne Turner
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity Center for Microbial Interface Biology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus
| | - Jordi B Torrelles
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity Center for Microbial Interface Biology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus
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18
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Parlane NA, Buddle BM. Immunity and Vaccination against Tuberculosis in Cattle. CURRENT CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s40588-014-0009-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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19
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Ryndak MB, Singh KK, Peng Z, Zolla-Pazner S, Li H, Meng L, Laal S. Transcriptional profiling of Mycobacterium tuberculosis replicating ex vivo in blood from HIV- and HIV+ subjects. PLoS One 2014; 9:e94939. [PMID: 24755630 PMCID: PMC3995690 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0094939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Accepted: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematogenous dissemination of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb) occurs during both primary and reactivated tuberculosis (TB). Although hematogenous dissemination occurs in non-HIV TB patients, in ∼80% of these patients, TB manifests exclusively as pulmonary disease. In contrast, extrapulmonary, disseminated, and/or miliary TB is seen in 60–70% of HIV-infected TB patients, suggesting that hematogenous dissemination is likely more common in HIV+ patients. To understand M. tb adaptation to the blood environment during bacteremia, we have studied the transcriptome of M. tb replicating in human whole blood. To investigate if M. tb discriminates between the hematogenous environments of immunocompetent and immunodeficient individuals, we compared the M. tb transcriptional profiles during replication in blood from HIV- and HIV+ donors. Our results demonstrate that M. tb survives and replicates in blood from both HIV- and HIV+ donors and enhances its virulence/pathogenic potential in the hematogenous environment. The M. tb blood-specific transcriptome reflects suppression of dormancy, induction of cell-wall remodeling, alteration in mode of iron acquisition, potential evasion of immune surveillance, and enhanced expression of important virulence factors that drive active M. tb infection and dissemination. These changes are accentuated during bacterial replication in blood from HIV+ patients. Furthermore, the expression of ESAT-6, which participates in dissemination of M. tb from the lungs, is upregulated in M. tb growing in blood, especially during growth in blood from HIV+ patients. Preliminary experiments also demonstrate that ESAT-6 promotes HIV replication in U1 cells. These studies provide evidence, for the first time, that during bacteremia, M. tb can adapt to the blood environment by modifying its transcriptome in a manner indicative of an enhanced-virulence phenotype that favors active infection. Additionally, transcriptional modifications in HIV+ blood may further accentuate M. tb virulence and drive both M. tb and HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle B. Ryndak
- Department of Pathology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Krishna K. Singh
- Department of Pathology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Zhengyu Peng
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Susan Zolla-Pazner
- Department of Pathology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
- Veterans Affairs New York Harbor Healthcare System, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Hualin Li
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Lu Meng
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Suman Laal
- Department of Pathology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
- Veterans Affairs New York Harbor Healthcare System, New York, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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20
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Allie N, Grivennikov SI, Keeton R, Hsu NJ, Bourigault ML, Court N, Fremond C, Yeremeev V, Shebzukhov Y, Ryffel B, Nedospasov SA, Quesniaux VFJ, Jacobs M. Prominent role for T cell-derived tumour necrosis factor for sustained control of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Sci Rep 2013; 3:1809. [PMID: 23657146 PMCID: PMC3648802 DOI: 10.1038/srep01809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2013] [Accepted: 04/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumour Necrosis Factor (TNF) is critical for host control of M. tuberculosis, but the relative contribution of TNF from innate and adaptive immune responses during tuberculosis infection is unclear. Myeloid versus T-cell-derived TNF function in tuberculosis was investigated using cell type-specific TNF deletion. Mice deficient for TNF expression in macrophages/neutrophils displayed early, transient susceptibility to M. tuberculosis but recruited activated, TNF-producing CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells and controlled chronic infection. Strikingly, deficient TNF expression in T-cells resulted in early control but susceptibility and eventual mortality during chronic infection with increased pulmonary pathology. TNF inactivation in both myeloid and T-cells rendered mice critically susceptible to infection with a phenotype resembling complete TNF deficient mice, indicating that myeloid and T-cells are the primary TNF sources collaborating for host control of tuberculosis. Thus, while TNF from myeloid cells mediates early immune function, T-cell derived TNF is essential to sustain protection during chronic tuberculosis infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasiema Allie
- Division of Immunology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa
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21
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Duell BL, Carey AJ, Dando SJ, Schembri MA, Ulett GC. Human bladder uroepithelial cells synergize with monocytes to promote IL-10 synthesis and other cytokine responses to uropathogenic Escherichia coli. PLoS One 2013; 8:e78013. [PMID: 24155979 PMCID: PMC3796480 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0078013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Accepted: 09/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Urinary tract infections are a major source of morbidity for women and the elderly, with Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) being the most prevalent causative pathogen. Studies in recent years have defined a key anti-inflammatory role for Interleukin-10 (IL-10) in urinary tract infection mediated by UPEC and other uropathogens. We investigated the nature of the IL-10-producing interactions between UPEC and host cells by utilising a novel co-culture model that incorporated lymphocytes, mononuclear and uroepithelial cells in histotypic proportions. This co-culture model demonstrated synergistic IL-10 production effects between monocytes and uroepithelial cells following infection with UPEC. Membrane inserts were used to separate the monocyte and uroepithelial cell types during infection and revealed two synergistic IL-10 production effects based on contact-dependent and soluble interactions. Analysis of a comprehensive set of immunologically relevant biomarkers in monocyte-uroepithelial cell co-cultures highlighted that multiple cytokine, chemokine and signalling factors were also produced in a synergistic or antagonistic fashion. These results demonstrate that IL-10 responses to UPEC occur via multiple interactions between several cells types, implying a complex role for infection-related IL-10 during UTI. Development and application of the co-culture model described in this study is thus useful to define the degree of contact dependency of biomarker production to UPEC, and highlights the relevance of histotypic co-cultures in studying complex host-pathogen interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin L. Duell
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Alison J. Carey
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Samantha J. Dando
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Mark A. Schembri
- School of Chemical and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Glen C. Ulett
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
- * E-mail:
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Quantitative secretome analysis reveals the interactions between epithelia and tumor cells by in vitro modulating colon cancer microenvironment. J Proteomics 2013; 89:51-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Revised: 04/22/2013] [Accepted: 05/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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23
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Cambier L, Mathy A, Baldo A, Bagut ET, Tabart J, Antoine N, Mignon B. Feline polymorphonuclear neutrophils produce pro-inflammatory cytokines following exposure to Microsporum canis. Vet Microbiol 2013; 162:800-805. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2012.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2012] [Revised: 10/08/2012] [Accepted: 10/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Hilda JN, Selvaraj A, Das SD. Mycobacterium tuberculosisH37Rv is more effective compared to vaccine strains in modulating neutrophil functions: anin vitrostudy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 66:372-81. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-695x.2012.01025.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2012] [Revised: 08/02/2012] [Accepted: 08/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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25
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Neutrophils in tuberculosis: friend or foe? Trends Immunol 2011; 33:14-25. [PMID: 22094048 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2011.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2011] [Revised: 10/06/2011] [Accepted: 10/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils are rapidly recruited to sites of mycobacterial infection, where they phagocytose bacilli. Whether neutrophils can kill mycobacteria in vivo probably depends on the tissue microenvironment, stage of infection, individual host, and infecting organism. The interaction of neutrophils with macrophages, as well as the downstream effects on T cell activity, could result in a range of outcomes from early clearance of infection to dissemination of viable bacteria together with an attenuated acquired immune response. In established disease, neutrophils accumulate in situations of high pathogen load or immunological dysfunction, and are likely to contribute to pathology. These activities may have clinical importance in terms of new treatments, targeted interventions and vaccine strategies.
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Effects of copper nanoparticle exposure on host defense in a murine pulmonary infection model. Part Fibre Toxicol 2011; 8:29. [PMID: 21943386 PMCID: PMC3193802 DOI: 10.1186/1743-8977-8-29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2011] [Accepted: 09/24/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human exposure to nanoparticles (NPs) and environmental bacteria can occur simultaneously. NPs induce inflammatory responses and oxidative stress but may also have immune-suppressive effects, impairing macrophage function and altering epithelial barrier functions. The purpose of this study was to assess the potential pulmonary effects of inhalation and instillation exposure to copper (Cu) NPs using a model of lung inflammation and host defense. METHODS We used Klebsiella pneumoniae (K.p.) in a murine lung infection model to determine if pulmonary bacterial clearance is enhanced or impaired by Cu NP exposure. Two different exposure modes were tested: sub-acute inhalation (4 hr/day, 5 d/week for 2 weeks, 3.5 mg/m(3)) and intratracheal instillation (24 hr post-exposure, 3, 35, and 100 μg/mouse). Pulmonary responses were evaluated by lung histopathology plus measurement of differential cell counts, total protein, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, and inflammatory cytokines in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid. RESULTS Cu NP exposure induced inflammatory responses with increased recruitment of total cells and neutrophils to the lungs as well as increased total protein and LDH activity in BAL fluid. Both inhalation and instillation exposure to Cu NPs significantly decreased the pulmonary clearance of K.p.-exposed mice measured 24 hr after bacterial infection following Cu NP exposure versus sham-exposed mice also challenged with K.p (1.4 × 10(5) bacteria/mouse). CONCLUSIONS Cu NP exposure impaired host defense against bacterial lung infections and induced a dose-dependent decrease in bacterial clearance in which even our lowest dose demonstrated significantly lower clearance than observed in sham-exposed mice. Thus, exposure to Cu NPs may increase the risk of pulmonary infection.
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Gupta A, Kaul A, Tsolaki AG, Kishore U, Bhakta S. Mycobacterium tuberculosis: immune evasion, latency and reactivation. Immunobiology 2011; 217:363-74. [PMID: 21813205 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2011.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2011] [Revised: 06/16/2011] [Accepted: 07/05/2011] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
One-third of the global human population harbours Mycobacterium tuberculosis in dormant form. This dormant or latent infection presents a major challenge for global efforts to eradicate tuberculosis, because it is a vast reservoir of potential reactivation and transmission. This article explains how the pathogen evades the host immune response to establish a latent infection, and how it emerges from a state of latency to cause reactivation disease. This review highlights the key factors responsible for immune evasion and reactivation. It concludes by identifying interesting candidates for drug or vaccine development, as well as identifying unresolved questions for the future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antima Gupta
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Birkbeck, University of London, London WC1E 7HX, UK
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Guinea pig neutrophil-macrophage interactions during infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Microbes Infect 2010; 12:828-37. [PMID: 20685396 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2010.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2010] [Revised: 05/21/2010] [Accepted: 05/26/2010] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
We examined the ability of recombinant guinea pig IL-8 (CXCL8) to activate neutrophils upon infection with virulent Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Using a Transwell insert culture system, contact-independent cell cultures were studied in which rgpIL-8-treated neutrophils were infected with virulent M. tuberculosis in the upper well, and AM were cultured in the lower well. IL-1β and TNF-α mRNA expression was significantly upregulated by AM. Neutralizing anti-rgpTNF-α polyclonal antibody abrogated the response of AM to supernatants from the rgpIL-8-treated, infected neutrophils, while an anti-rgpIL-8 polyclonal antibody had no effect. This suggests that TNF-α produced by rgpIL-8 treated, infected neutrophils may play an important role in the activation of AM in the early response of the host against M. tuberculosis infection. Significant induction of apoptosis in M. tuberculosis-infected neutrophils was observed as compared to the uninfected neutrophils. Feeding of infected, apoptotic neutrophils to AM induced a significant up-regulation of TNF-α and IL-1β mRNA compared to AM exposed to staurosporine-treated apoptotic neutrophils. Suppressed intracellular mycobacterial growth was also seen in AM fed with infected, apoptotic neutrophils as compared to the AM infected with M. tuberculosis H37Rv alone. Taken together, these data suggest that neutrophil-macrophage interactions may contribute to host defense against M. tuberculosis infection.
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Bonilla DL, Ly LH, Fan YY, Chapkin RS, McMurray DN. Incorporation of a dietary omega 3 fatty acid impairs murine macrophage responses to Mycobacterium tuberculosis. PLoS One 2010; 5:e10878. [PMID: 20526363 PMCID: PMC2878322 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0010878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2010] [Accepted: 04/09/2010] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Beside their health benefits, dietary omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) might impair host resistance to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) by creating an immunosuppressive environment. We hypothesized that incorporation of n-3 PUFA suppresses activation of macrophage antimycobacterial responses and favors bacterial growth, in part, by modulating the IFNgamma-mediated signaling pathway. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Murine macrophage-like J774A.1 cells were incubated with bovine serum albumin (BSA)-conjugated docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6n-3) or BSA alone, activated with recombinant IFNgamma, and infected with a virulent strain (H37Rv) of M. tuberculosis. The fatty acid composition of macrophage membranes was modified significantly by DHA treatment. DHA-treated macrophages were less effective in controlling intracellular mycobacteria and showed impaired oxidative metabolism and reduced phagolysosome maturation. Incorporation of DHA resulted in defective macrophage activation, as characterized by reduced production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNFalpha, IL-6 and MCP-1), and lower expression of co-stimulatory molecules (CD40 and CD86). DHA treatment impaired STAT1 phosphorylation and colocalization of the IFNgamma receptor with lipid rafts, without affecting surface expression of IFNgamma receptor. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE We conclude that DHA reduces the ability of J774A.1 cells to control M. tuberculosis in response to activation by IFNgamma, by modulation of IFNgamma receptor signaling and function, suggesting that n-3 PUFA-enriched diets may have a detrimental effect on host immunity to tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana L Bonilla
- Department of Microbial and Molecular Pathogenesis, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, Texas, United States of America.
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Transgenic mice enriched in omega-3 fatty acids are more susceptible to pulmonary tuberculosis: impaired resistance to tuberculosis in fat-1 mice. J Infect Dis 2010; 201:399-408. [PMID: 20053136 DOI: 10.1086/650344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND. Besides their health benefits, dietary omega-3 fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) can impair host resistance to intracellular pathogens. Previously, we and others have showed that n-3 PUFA-treated macrophages poorly control Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in vitro. METHODS. Wild-type and fat-1 transgenic mice were infected with virulent H37Rv M. tuberculosis via the aerosol route. We evaluated bacteriological and histopathological changes in lungs, as well as differences in activation and antimycobacterial capacity in primary macrophages ex vivo. RESULTS. fat-1 mice were more susceptible to tuberculosis, as demonstrated by higher bacterial loads and less robust inflammatory responses in lungs. Macrophages obtained from fat-1 mice were more readily infected with M. tuberculosis in vitro, compared with wild-type macrophages. This impaired bacterial control in cells from fat-1 mice correlated with reduced proinflammatory cytokine secretion, impaired oxidative metabolism, and diminished M. tuberculosis-lysotracker colocalization within phagosomes. CONCLUSIONS. We showed that endogenous production of n-3 PUFAs in fat-1 mice increases their susceptibility to tuberculosis, which could be explained in part by diminished activation and antimycobacterial responses in cells from fat-1 mice. These data suggest that n-3 PUFA-supplemented diets might have a detrimental effect on immunity to M. tuberculosis and raise concerns regarding the safety of omega-3 dietary supplementation in humans.
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Ultraviolet radiation reduces resistance to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in BCG-vaccinated guinea pigs. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2009; 89:431-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2009.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2009] [Revised: 08/20/2009] [Accepted: 09/10/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Eum SY, Kong JH, Hong MS, Lee YJ, Kim JH, Hwang SH, Cho SN, Via LE, Barry CE. Neutrophils are the predominant infected phagocytic cells in the airways of patients with active pulmonary TB. Chest 2009; 137:122-8. [PMID: 19749004 DOI: 10.1378/chest.09-0903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 348] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The exact role of neutrophils in the pathogenesis of TB is poorly understood. Recent evidence suggests that neutrophils are not simply scavenging phagocytes in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection. METHODS Three different types of clinical specimens from patients with active pulmonary TB who underwent lung surgery were examined: sputum, BAL fluid, and cavity contents. Differential cell separation and quantification were performed for intracellular and extracellular bacteria, and bacterial length was measured using microscopy. RESULTS Neutrophils were more abundant than macrophages in sputum (86.6% +/- 2.2% vs 8.4% +/- 1.3%) and in BAL fluid (78.8% +/- 5.8% vs 11.8% +/- 4.1%). Inside the cavity, lymphocytes (41.3% +/- 11.2%) were the most abundant cell type, followed by neutrophils (38.8% +/- 9.4%) and macrophages (19.5% +/- 7.5%). More intracellular bacilli were found in neutrophils than macrophages in sputum (67.6% +/- 5.6% vs 25.2% +/- 6.5%), in BAL fluid (65.1% +/- 14.4% vs 28.3% +/- 11.6%), and in cavities (61.8% +/- 13.3% vs 23.9% +/- 9.3%). The lengths of Mtb were shortest in cavities (1.9+/- 0.1 microm), followed by in sputum (2.9 +/- 0.1 microm) and in BAL fluid (3.6 +/- 0.2 microm). CONCLUSIONS Our results show that neutrophils are the predominant cell types infected with Mtb in patients with TB and that these intracellular bacteria appear to replicate rapidly. These results are consistent with a role for neutrophils in providing a permissive site for a final burst of active replication of the bacilli prior to transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seok-Yong Eum
- International Tuberculosis Research Center, Division of Immunopathology and Cellular Immunology, 475-1, Gapo, Masan 631-320, Republic of Korea.
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Ly LH, Jeevan A, McMurray DN. Neutralization of TNFalpha alters inflammation in guinea pig tuberculous pleuritis. Microbes Infect 2009; 11:680-8. [PMID: 19389482 PMCID: PMC2744482 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2009.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2008] [Revised: 03/26/2009] [Accepted: 04/01/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Previously, treatment with anti-gpTNFalpha antibody enhanced TNFalpha mRNA expression in pulmonary granulomas microdissected from non-vaccinated guinea pigs, and modified splenic granuloma architecture. In this study, pleural fluid, cells, and granulomatous tissues were collected 3, 5, and 8 days post-pleurisy induction in guinea pigs treated with anti-gpTNFalpha or normal serum control. Neutralizing TNFalpha reduced the percentage of macrophages in the pleural exudate while increasing the proportions of neutrophils and lymphocytes. Cell-associated mycobacterial loads were increased in guinea pigs treated with anti-gpTNFalpha antibody. Cells from the pleural exudate in both treatment groups at day 3 expressed predominantly TNFalpha and IFNgamma mRNA. By day 5, treatment with anti-gpTNFalpha antibody significantly reduced TNFalpha mRNA and increased TGFbeta and iNOS mRNA expression, a transition which did not occur in the control group until day 8. TNFalpha mRNA overwhelmed the cytokine milieu of microdissected pleural granulomas in the control group at day 3 whereas TNFalpha, IFNgamma, and TGFbeta mRNA dominated the anti-gpTNFalpha-treated group. At day 8, granulomas from the control group began shifting towards an anti-inflammatory profile with increased levels of TGFbeta mRNA. Neutralization of TNFalpha hastened the transition to an anti-inflammatory cytokine response in guinea pig pleural granulomas and exudate cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan H Ly
- Department of Microbial and Molecular Pathogenesis, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, 463 Reynolds Medical Building, College Station, TX, USA.
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Nerren JR, Martens RJ, Payne S, Murrell J, Butler JL, Cohen ND. Age-related changes in cytokine expression by neutrophils of foals stimulated with virulent Rhodococcus equi in vitro. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2008; 127:212-9. [PMID: 19026456 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2008.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2008] [Revised: 09/22/2008] [Accepted: 10/02/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Although evidence exists that neutrophils play a vital role in resistance to infection with Rhodococcus equi, the means by which neutrophils exert their effects have not been clearly defined. In the present study we evaluated differences in cytokine expression by unstimulated and R. equi-stimulated neutrophils obtained from newborn foals and subsequently at 2-, 4-, and 8-weeks of age. Stimulation with virulent R. equi induced significantly (P<0.05) greater expression of IFNgamma, TNFalpha, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12p40, IL-12p35, and IL-23p19 mRNA relative to expression by unstimulated neutrophils, and there were significant effects of age on expression of IL-6, IL-8, IL-12p40 and IL-23p19. Neutrophil expression of IL-6 and IL-8 in newborn foals was significantly greater than expression at 2-, 4-, and 8-weeks of age. Expression of IL-12p40 by R. equi-stimulated neutrophils from newborn and 2-week-old foals did not differ from that of unstimulated neutrophils; however, expression of IL-12p40 by neutrophils from 4- and 8-week-old foals was significantly greater when stimulated by R. equi than without stimulation. These results demonstrate that foal neutrophils increase mRNA expression of many pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IFNgamma, in response to in vitro stimulation with R. equi, and that the magnitude of this expression with respect to IL-6, IL-8, IL-12p40 and IL-23p19 is influenced by age. The clinical importance of the age-related difference in R. equi-induced expression of IL-12p40 to susceptibility to R. equi pneumonia remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica R Nerren
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-4475, United States
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Jerrells TR, Pavlik JA, DeVasure J, Vidlak D, Costello A, Strachota JM, Wyatt TA. Association of chronic alcohol consumption and increased susceptibility to and pathogenic effects of pulmonary infection with respiratory syncytial virus in mice. Alcohol 2007; 41:357-69. [PMID: 17889312 PMCID: PMC2080838 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2007.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2007] [Revised: 07/04/2007] [Accepted: 07/05/2007] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Chronic alcohol abuse by human beings has been shown to be associated with increased susceptibility to pulmonary infections and severity of inflammatory responses associated with pulmonary infection. On the basis of the higher likelihood of exposure to respiratory viruses, people who abuse alcohol would logically be susceptible to respiratory viral infections. To test this hypothesis, mice were provided alcohol in drinking water for 13-16 weeks with the Meadows-Cook protocol and infected intranasally with respiratory syncytial virus. At various times after infection, severity of infection was determined by evaluation of cellular and cytokine composition of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and histologic evaluation of inflammation. Infection was associated with neutrophil infiltration in both groups, but the proportion and number of neutrophils in BALF were significantly greater in the alcohol consumption group than in the control group. Concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in BALF in the alcohol consumption group were increased. Interferon (IFN)-gamma concentrations were lower in the alcohol consumption group at later times of infection. Pulmonary inflammation was cleared by 3-5 days after infection in the control group. In contrast, pulmonary inflammation was evident in the alcohol consumption group after 7 days of infection, and some mice showed severe inflammation with hemorrhage and edema. IFN-alpha/beta was evident in BALF at low concentrations in the alcohol consumption group for several days after infection, and increased mRNA for IFN-alpha/beta was also evident in the alcohol consumption group. This was accompanied by the presence of virus in this group at these times of infection. Chronic alcohol consumption increased severity of pulmonary infection with a virus that naturally infects hosts by an aerosol route. Infection of mice that had consumed alcohol chronically was more severe in terms of increased proinflammatory cytokine production, inflammation, and a failure to clear the virus from the lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas R Jerrells
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 986495 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-6495, USA.
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