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Baranchyk Y, Gestels Z, Van den Bossche D, Abdellati S, Britto Xavier B, Manoharan-Basil SS, Kenyon C. Effect of erythromycin residuals in food on the development of resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae: an in vivo study in Galleria mellonella. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17463. [PMID: 38827315 PMCID: PMC11141549 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The use of antimicrobials to treat food animals may result in antimicrobial residues in foodstuffs of animal origin. The European Medicines Association (EMA) and World Health Organization (WHO) define safe antimicrobial concentrations in food based on acceptable daily intakes (ADIs). It is unknown if ADI doses of antimicrobials in food could influence the antimicrobial susceptibility of human-associated bacteria. Objectives This aim of this study was to evaluate if the consumption of ADI doses of erythromycin could select for erythromycin resistance in a Galleria mellonella model of Streptococcus pneumoniae infection. Methods A chronic model of S. pneumoniae infection in G. mellonella larvae was used for the experiment. Inoculation of larvae with S. pneumoniae was followed by injections of erythromycin ADI doses (0.0875 and 0.012 μg/ml according to EMA and WHO, respectively). Isolation of S. pneumoniae colonies was then performed on selective agar plates. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of resistant colonies were measured, and whole genome sequencing (WGS) was performed followed by variant calling to determine the genetic modifications. Results Exposure to single doses of both EMA and WHO ADI doses of erythromycin resulted in the emergence of erythromycin resistance in S. pneumoniae. Emergent resistance to erythromycin was associated with a mutation in rplA, which codes for the L1 ribosomal protein and has been linked to macrolide resistance in previous studies. Conclusion In our in vivo model, even single doses of erythromycin that are classified as acceptable by the WHO and EMA induced significant increases in erythromycin MICs in S. pneumoniae. These results suggest the need to include the induction of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) as a significant criterion for determining ADIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliia Baranchyk
- UnivLyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
- Institute of Tropical Medicine Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Zina Gestels
- Institute of Tropical Medicine Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | - Saïd Abdellati
- Institute of Tropical Medicine Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Basil Britto Xavier
- Institute of Tropical Medicine Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Hospital Outbreak Support Team-HOST, Ziekenhuis Netwerk Antwerpen Middelheim, Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | - Chris Kenyon
- Institute of Tropical Medicine Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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Wang L, Liu M, Qi Y, Wang J, Shi Q, Xie X, Zhou C, Ma L. hsdSA regulated extracellular vesicle-associated PLY to protect Streptococcus pneumoniae from macrophage killing via LAPosomes. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0099523. [PMID: 38018988 PMCID: PMC10783081 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00995-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE S. pneumoniae is a major human pathogen that undergoes a spontaneous and reversible phase variation that allows it to survive in different host environments. Interestingly, we found hsdSA , a gene that manipulated the phase variation, promoted the survival and replication of S. pneumoniae in macrophages by regulating EV production and EV-associated PLY. More importantly, here we provided the first evidence that higher EV-associated PLY (produced by D39) could form LAPosomes that were single membrane compartments containing S. pneumoniae, which are induced by integrin β1/NOX2/ROS pathway. At the same time, EV-associated PLY increased the permeability of lysosome membrane and induced an insufficient acidification to escape the host killing, and ultimately prolonged the survival of S. pneumoniae in macrophages. In contrast, lower EV-associated PLY (produced by D39ΔhsdSA ) activated ULK1 recruitment to form double-layered autophagosomes to eliminate bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mengyuan Liu
- College of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yixin Qi
- College of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jian Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qixue Shi
- College of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaolin Xie
- College of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Changlin Zhou
- College of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lingman Ma
- College of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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3
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Jin M, He B, Cai X, Lei Z, Sun T. Research progress of nanoparticle targeting delivery systems in bacterial infections. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2023; 229:113444. [PMID: 37453264 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2023.113444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial infection is a huge threat to the health of human beings and animals. The abuse of antibiotics have led to the occurrence of bacterial multidrug resistance, which have become a difficult problem in the treatment of clinical infections. Given the outstanding advantages of nanodrug delivery systems in cancer treatment, many scholars have begun to pay attention to their application in bacterial infections. However, due to the similarity of the microenvironment between bacterial infection lesions and cancer sites, the targeting and accuracy of traditional microenvironment-responsive nanocarriers are questionable. Therefore, finding new specific targets has become a new development direction of nanocarriers in bacterial prevention and treatment. This article reviews the infectious microenvironment induced by bacteria and a series of virulence factors of common pathogenic bacteria and their physiological functions, which may be used as potential targets to improve the targeting accuracy of nanocarriers in lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Jin
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan 430070, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Bin He
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
| | - Xiaoli Cai
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan 430070, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhixin Lei
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan 430070, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Taolei Sun
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan 430070, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan 430070, China.
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4
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Earnhardt EY, Tipper JL, D’Mello A, Jian MY, Conway ES, Mobley JA, Orihuela CJ, Tettelin H, Harrod KS. Influenza A-induced cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator dysfunction increases susceptibility to Streptococcus pneumoniae. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e170022. [PMID: 37318849 PMCID: PMC10443798 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.170022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza A virus (IAV) infection is commonly complicated by secondary bacterial infections that lead to increased morbidity and mortality. Our recent work demonstrates that IAV disrupts airway homeostasis, leading to airway pathophysiology resembling cystic fibrosis disease through diminished cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) function. Here, we use human airway organotypic cultures to investigate how IAV alters the airway microenvironment to increase susceptibility to secondary infection with Streptococcus pneumoniae (Spn). We observed that IAV-induced CFTR dysfunction and airway surface liquid acidification is central to increasing susceptibility to Spn. Additionally, we observed that IAV induced profound transcriptional changes in the airway epithelium and proteomic changes in the airway surface liquid in both CFTR-dependent and -independent manners. These changes correspond to multiple diminished host defense pathways and altered airway epithelial function. Collectively, these findings highlight both the importance of CFTR function during infectious challenge and demonstrate a central role for the lung epithelium in secondary bacterial infections following IAV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Y. Earnhardt
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Jennifer L. Tipper
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Adonis D’Mello
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ming-Yuan Jian
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Elijah S. Conway
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - James A. Mobley
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Carlos J. Orihuela
- Department of Microbiology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Hervé Tettelin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kevin S. Harrod
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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Egorova A, Richter M, Khrenova M, Dietrich E, Tsedilin A, Kazakova E, Lepioshkin A, Jahn B, Chernyshev V, Schmidtke M, Makarov V. Pyrrolo[2,3- e]indazole as a novel chemotype for both influenza A virus and pneumococcal neuraminidase inhibitors. RSC Adv 2023; 13:18253-18261. [PMID: 37350858 PMCID: PMC10282731 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra02895j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza infections are often exacerbated by secondary bacterial infections, primarily caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae. Both respiratory pathogens have neuraminidases that support infection. Therefore, we hypothesized that dual inhibitors of viral and bacterial neuraminidases might be an advantageous strategy for treating seasonal and pandemic influenza pneumonia complicated by bacterial infections. By screening our in-house chemical library, we discovered a new chemotype that may be of interest for a further campaign to find small molecules against influenza. Our exploration of the pyrrolo[2,3-e]indazole space led to the identification of two hit compounds, 6h and 12. These molecules were well-tolerated by MDCK cells and inhibited the replication of H3N2 and H1N1 influenza A virus strains. Moreover, both compounds suppress viral and pneumococcal neuraminidases indicating their dual activity. Given its antiviral activity, pyrrolo[2,3-e]indazole has been identified as a promising scaffold for the development of novel neuraminidase inhibitors that are active against influenza A virus and S. pneumoniae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Egorova
- Federal Research Centre "Fundamentals of Biotechnology" of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Research Centre of Biotechnology RAS) 33-2 Leninsky Prospect 119071 Moscow Russia
| | - Martina Richter
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Section of Experimental Virology, Jena University Hospital Hans-Knöll-Straße 2 07745 Jena Germany
| | - Maria Khrenova
- Federal Research Centre "Fundamentals of Biotechnology" of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Research Centre of Biotechnology RAS) 33-2 Leninsky Prospect 119071 Moscow Russia
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University 1-3 Leninskie Gory 119991 Moscow Russia
| | - Elisabeth Dietrich
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Section of Experimental Virology, Jena University Hospital Hans-Knöll-Straße 2 07745 Jena Germany
| | - Andrey Tsedilin
- Federal Research Centre "Fundamentals of Biotechnology" of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Research Centre of Biotechnology RAS) 33-2 Leninsky Prospect 119071 Moscow Russia
| | - Elena Kazakova
- Federal Research Centre "Fundamentals of Biotechnology" of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Research Centre of Biotechnology RAS) 33-2 Leninsky Prospect 119071 Moscow Russia
| | - Alexander Lepioshkin
- Federal Research Centre "Fundamentals of Biotechnology" of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Research Centre of Biotechnology RAS) 33-2 Leninsky Prospect 119071 Moscow Russia
| | - Birgit Jahn
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Section of Experimental Virology, Jena University Hospital Hans-Knöll-Straße 2 07745 Jena Germany
| | - Vladimir Chernyshev
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University 1-3 Leninskie Gory 119991 Moscow Russia
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences 31-4 Leninsky Prospect 119071 Moscow Russia
| | - Michaela Schmidtke
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Section of Experimental Virology, Jena University Hospital Hans-Knöll-Straße 2 07745 Jena Germany
| | - Vadim Makarov
- Federal Research Centre "Fundamentals of Biotechnology" of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Research Centre of Biotechnology RAS) 33-2 Leninsky Prospect 119071 Moscow Russia
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Escuret V, Terrier O. Co-infection of the respiratory epithelium, scene of complex functional interactions between viral, bacterial, and human neuraminidases. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1137336. [PMID: 37213507 PMCID: PMC10192862 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1137336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The activity of sialic acids, known to play critical roles in biology and many pathological processes, is finely regulated by a class of enzymes called sialidases, also known as neuraminidases. These are present in mammals and many other biological systems, such as viruses and bacteria. This review focuses on the very particular situation of co-infections of the respiratory epithelium, the scene of complex functional interactions between viral, bacterial, and human neuraminidases. This intrinsically multidisciplinary topic combining structural biology, biochemistry, physiology, and the study of host-pathogen interactions, opens up exciting research perspectives that could lead to a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying virus-bacteria co-infections and their contribution to the aggravation of respiratory pathology, notably in the context of pre-existing pathological contexts. Strategies that mimic or inhibit the activity of the neuraminidases could constitute interesting treatment options for viral and bacterial infections.
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7
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Chen H, Liu C. Molecular epidemiology of Streptococcus pneumoniae isosslated from children with community-acquired pneumonia under 5 years in Chengdu, China. Epidemiol Infect 2022; 151:e2. [PMID: 36515066 PMCID: PMC9990402 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268822001881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae) is one of the most common community-associated pathogens responsible for pneumonia in children. This retrospective study aimed to investigate the molecular characteristics of S. pneumoniae isolated from children with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) under 5 years in Chengdu, China. Molecular characteristics of S. pneumoniae included serotype and virulence factor performed by using PCR method and sequence types (STs) determined by sequencing seven housekeeping genes. In addition, the potential relationships between molecular characteristics were depicted by minimum spanning tree and correspondence analysis. The prevailing serotypes were 19F (18.52%), 6B (17.59%), 19A (13.89%), 6A (6.48%) and 23F (5.56%) among 108 isolates. The overall coverage rates of 7-valent, 10-valent, 13-valent, 15-valent and 20-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) were 47.32, 48.1, 75, 75 and 78.7%, respectively. Meanwhile, the coverage rates of PCV13 among the isolates from CAP patients aged <1 year were high up to 84.2%. MLST analysis results showed that there were 56 different STs identified, of which the dominant STs were ST271 (22.22%) and ST320 (12.04%). Five international clones among STs were observed, including Spain23F-1, Spain6B-2, Taiwan19F-14, Netherlands3-31 and Denmark14-32. Additionally, most of the isolates carried ply, psaA, nanA, pavA, piaA and CC271 isolates expressed more of nanA than non-CC271 isolates. Moreover, there were strong relevant relationships among STs, serotypes and virulence factors. Considering serotypes and virulence factors together can be used as the foundation for the formulation of vaccine strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haojun Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Chenggui Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
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8
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Huang LD, Yang MJ, Huang YY, Jiang KY, Yan J, Sun AH. Molecular Characterization of Predominant Serotypes, Drug Resistance, and Virulence Genes of Streptococcus pneumoniae Isolates From East China. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:892364. [PMID: 35722327 PMCID: PMC9198556 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.892364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae is a common diplococcus pathogen found worldwide. The characterization of predominant serotypes, drug resistance, and virulence genes of S. pneumoniae isolates prevailing in different areas and countries is clinically important for choice of antibiotics and improvement of vaccines. In this study, pneumonia (78.7%) and meningitis (37.0%) were the predominant diseases observed in the 282 (children) and 27 (adults) S. pneumoniae-infected patients (p < 0.05) from seven hospitals in different areas of East China. Of the 309 pneumococcal isolates, 90.3% were classified by PCR into 15 serotypes, with serotypes 19F (27.2%) and the 6A/B (19.1%) being most predominant (p < 0.05). Importantly, serotypes 15A and 15B/C combined for a total of 10.4% of the isolates, but these serotypes are not included in the 13-valent pneumococcal capsule conjugate vaccine used in China. Antimicrobial susceptibility analysis by the E-test showed that >95% of the 309 pneumococcal isolates were susceptible to moxifloxacin and levofloxacin, as well as 18.4, 85.8, and 81.6% of the isolates displayed susceptibility to penicillin, cefotaxime, and imipenem, respectively. A significant correlation between the prevalence of predominant serotypes and their penicillin resistance was observed (p < 0.05). In particular, >95% of all the pneumococcal isolates showed resistance to erythromycin and azithromycin. Of the nine detected virulence genes, the lytA, ply, hysA, and nanA were the most common with 95–100% positive rates in the 309 pneumococcal isolates, while the pavA and psaA genes displayed a significant correlation with pneumococcal bacteremia and meningitis (p < 0.05). Overall, our data suggested that the predominant serotypes, drug resistance, and virulence genes of the S. pneumoniae isolates prevailing in East China are distinct from those observed in other areas of China and adjacent countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Dan Huang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mei-Juan Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan-Ying Huang
- Hangzhou Chest Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ke-Yi Jiang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Yan
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ai-Hua Sun
- School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
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9
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Loop 422–437 in NanA from Streptococcus pneumoniae plays the role of an active site lid and is associated with allosteric regulation. Comput Biol Med 2022; 144:105290. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2022.105290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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10
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Mueller Brown K, Le Sage V, French AJ, Jones JE, Padovani GH, Avery AJ, Schultz-Cherry S, Rosch JW, Hiller NL, Lakdawala SS. Secondary infection with Streptococcus pneumoniae decreases influenza virus replication and is linked to severe disease. FEMS MICROBES 2022; 3:xtac007. [PMID: 35392116 PMCID: PMC8981988 DOI: 10.1093/femsmc/xtac007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Secondary bacterial infection is a common complication in severe influenza virus infections. During the H1N1 pandemic of 2009, increased mortality was observed among healthy young adults due to secondary bacterial pneumonia, one of the most frequent bacterial species being Streptococcus pneumoniae (Spn). Previous studies in mice and ferrets have suggested a synergistic relationship between Spn and influenza viruses. In this study, the ferret model was used to examine whether secondary Spn infection (strains BHN97 and D39) influence replication and airborne transmission of the 2009 pandemic H1N1 virus (H1N1pdm09). Secondary infection with Spn after H1N1pdm09 infection consistently resulted in a significant decrease in viral titers in the ferret nasal washes. While secondary Spn infection appeared to negatively impact influenza virus replication, animals precolonized with Spn were equally susceptible to H1N1pdm09 airborne transmission. In line with previous work, ferrets with preceding H1N1pdm09 and secondary Spn infection had increased bacterial loads and more severe clinical symptoms as compared to animals infected with H1N1pdm09 or Spn alone. Interestingly, the donor animals that displayed the most severe clinical symptoms had reduced airborne transmission of H1N1pdm09. Based on these data, we propose an asymmetrical relationship between these two pathogens, rather than a synergistic one, since secondary bacterial infection enhances Spn colonization and pathogenesis but decreases viral titers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Mueller Brown
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Valerie Le Sage
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 450 Technology Drive, Bridgeside Point II, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Andrea J French
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 450 Technology Drive, Bridgeside Point II, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Jennifer E Jones
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 450 Technology Drive, Bridgeside Point II, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Gabriella H Padovani
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 450 Technology Drive, Bridgeside Point II, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Annika J Avery
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 450 Technology Drive, Bridgeside Point II, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Stacey Schultz-Cherry
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Jason W Rosch
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - N Luisa Hiller
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Seema S Lakdawala
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 450 Technology Drive, Bridgeside Point II, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
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11
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Indraratna AD, Everest-Dass A, Skropeta D, Sanderson-Smith M. OUP accepted manuscript. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2022; 46:6519265. [PMID: 35104861 PMCID: PMC9075583 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuac001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Host carbohydrates, or glycans, have been implicated in the pathogenesis of many bacterial infections. Group A Streptococcus (GAS) is a Gram-positive bacterium that readily colonises the skin and oropharynx, and is a significant cause of mortality in humans. While the glycointeractions orchestrated by many other pathogens are increasingly well-described, the understanding of the role of human glycans in GAS disease remains incomplete. Although basic investigation into the mechanisms of GAS disease is ongoing, several glycointeractions have been identified and are examined herein. The majority of research in this context has focussed on bacterial adherence, however, glycointeractions have also been implicated in carbohydrate metabolism; evasion of host immunity; biofilm adaptations; and toxin-mediated haemolysis. The involvement of human glycans in these diverse avenues of pathogenesis highlights the clinical value of understanding glycointeractions in combatting GAS disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuk D Indraratna
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Northfields Ave, Keiraville New South Wales 2522, Australia
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, Northfields Avenue, Keiraville, New South Wales, 2522, Australia
| | - Arun Everest-Dass
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Parklands Drive, Southport, Queensland, 4215, Australia
| | - Danielle Skropeta
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Northfields Ave, Keiraville New South Wales 2522, Australia
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, Northfields Avenue, Keiraville, New South Wales, 2522, Australia
| | - Martina Sanderson-Smith
- Corresponding author: Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Bld 32, University of Wollongong, Northfields Avenue, Keiraville, New South Wales, 2522, Australia. Tel: +61 2 42981935; E-mail:
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12
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Chen YY, Huang CT, Li SW, Pan YJ, Lin TL, Huang YY, Li TH, Yang YC, Gong YN, Hsieh YC. Bacterial factors required for Streptococcus pneumoniae coinfection with influenza A virus. J Biomed Sci 2021; 28:60. [PMID: 34452635 PMCID: PMC8395381 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-021-00756-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Streptococcus pneumoniae is a common cause of post-influenza secondary bacterial infection, which results in excessive morbidity and mortality. Although 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) vaccination programs have decreased the incidence of pneumococcal pneumonia, PCV13 failed to prevent serotype 3 pneumococcal disease as effectively as other vaccine serotypes. We aimed to investigate the mechanisms underlying the co-pathogenesis of influenza virus and serotype 3 pneumococci. METHODS We carried out a genome-wide screening of a serotype 3 S. pneumoniae transposon insertion mutant library in a mouse model of coinfection with influenza A virus (IAV) to identify the bacterial factors required for this synergism. RESULTS Direct, high-throughput sequencing of transposon insertion sites identified 24 genes required for both coinfection and bacterial infection alone. Targeted deletion of the putative aminotransferase (PA) gene decreased bacterial growth, which was restored by supplementation with methionine. The bacterial burden in a coinfection with the PA gene deletion mutant and IAV in the lung was lower than that in a coinfection with wild-type pneumococcus and IAV, but was significantly higher than that in an infection with the PA gene deletion mutant alone. These data suggest that IAV infection alters host metabolism to benefit pneumococcal fitness and confer higher susceptibility to pneumococcal infection. We further demonstrated that bacterial growth was increased by supplementation with methionine or IAV-infected mouse lung homogenates. CONCLUSIONS The data indicates that modulation of host metabolism during IAV infection may serve as a potential therapeutic intervention against secondary bacterial infections caused by serotype 3 pneumococci during IAV outbreaks in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Yin Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Children's Hospital, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Tai Huang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shiao-Wen Li
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jiun Pan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Lung Lin
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Yu Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Children's Hospital, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Hsuan Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Children's Hospital, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ching Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Children's Hospital, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Nong Gong
- Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chia Hsieh
- Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Children's Hospital, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
- Department of Pediatrics, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, No. 5, Fuxing Street, Guishan District, Taoyuan City, 333, Taiwan.
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13
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Sinha D, Sun X, Khare M, Drancourt M, Raoult D, Fournier PE. Pangenome analysis and virulence profiling of Streptococcus intermedius. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:522. [PMID: 34238216 PMCID: PMC8266483 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-07829-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Streptococcus intermedius, a member of the S. anginosus group, is a commensal bacterium present in the normal microbiota of human mucosal surfaces of the oral, gastrointestinal, and urogenital tracts. However, it has been associated with various infections such as liver and brain abscesses, bacteremia, osteo-articular infections, and endocarditis. Since 2005, high throughput genome sequencing methods enabled understanding the genetic landscape and diversity of bacteria as well as their pathogenic role. Here, in order to determine whether specific virulence genes could be related to specific clinical manifestations, we compared the genomes from 27 S. intermedius strains isolated from patients with various types of infections, including 13 that were sequenced in our institute and 14 available in GenBank. Results We estimated the theoretical pangenome size to be of 4,020 genes, including 1,355 core genes, 1,054 strain-specific genes and 1,611 accessory genes shared by 2 or more strains. The pangenome analysis demonstrated that the genomic diversity of S. intermedius represents an “open” pangenome model. We identified a core virulome of 70 genes and 78 unique virulence markers. The phylogenetic clusters based upon core-genome sequences and SNPs were independent from disease types and sample sources. However, using Principal Component analysis based on presence/ absence of virulence genes, we identified the sda histidine kinase, adhesion protein LAP and capsular polysaccharide biosynthesis protein cps4E as being associated to brain abscess or broncho-pulmonary infection. In contrast, liver and abdominal abscess were associated to presence of the fibronectin binding protein fbp54 and capsular polysaccharide biosynthesis protein cap8D and cpsB. Conclusions Based on the virulence gene content of 27 S. intermedius strains causing various diseases, we identified putative disease-specific genetic profiles discriminating those causing brain abscess or broncho-pulmonary infection from those causing liver and abdominal abscess. These results provide an insight into S. intermedius pathogenesis and highlights putative targets in a diagnostic perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhiraj Sinha
- Aix-Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, IHU Méditerranée Infection, 19-21 Bd Jean Moulin, 13005, Marseille, France.,IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Xifeng Sun
- Aix-Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, IHU Méditerranée Infection, 19-21 Bd Jean Moulin, 13005, Marseille, France.,IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Mudra Khare
- Aix-Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, IHU Méditerranée Infection, 19-21 Bd Jean Moulin, 13005, Marseille, France.,IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Michel Drancourt
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.,Aix-Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Didier Raoult
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.,Aix-Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Pierre-Edouard Fournier
- Aix-Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, IHU Méditerranée Infection, 19-21 Bd Jean Moulin, 13005, Marseille, France. .,IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.
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14
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Hammond AJ, Binsker U, Aggarwal SD, Ortigoza MB, Loomis C, Weiser JN. Neuraminidase B controls neuraminidase A-dependent mucus production and evasion. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009158. [PMID: 33819312 PMCID: PMC8049478 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Binding of Streptococcus pneumoniae (Spn) to nasal mucus leads to entrapment and clearance via mucociliary activity during colonization. To identify Spn factors allowing for evasion of mucus binding, we used a solid-phase adherence assay with immobilized mucus of human and murine origin. Spn bound large mucus particles through interactions with carbohydrate moieties. Mutants lacking neuraminidase A (nanA) or neuraminidase B (nanB) showed increased mucus binding that correlated with diminished removal of terminal sialic acid residues on bound mucus. The non-additive activity of the two enzymes raised the question why Spn expresses two neuraminidases and suggested they function in the same pathway. Transcriptional analysis demonstrated expression of nanA depends on the enzymatic function of NanB. As transcription of nanA is increased in the presence of sialic acid, our findings suggest that sialic acid liberated from host glycoconjugates by the secreted enzyme NanB induces the expression of the cell-associated enzyme NanA. The absence of detectable mucus desialylation in the nanA mutant, in which NanB is still expressed, suggests that NanA is responsible for the bulk of the modification of host glycoconjugates. Thus, our studies describe a functional role for NanB in sialic acid sensing in the host. The contribution of the neuraminidases in vivo was then assessed in a murine model of colonization. Although mucus-binding mutants showed an early advantage, this was only observed in a competitive infection, suggesting a complex role of neuraminidases. Histologic examination of the upper respiratory tract demonstrated that Spn stimulates mucus production in a neuraminidase-dependent manner. Thus, an increase production of mucus containing secretions appears to be balanced, in vivo, by decreased mucus binding. We postulate that through the combined activity of its neuraminidases, Spn evades mucus binding and mucociliary clearance, which is needed to counter neuraminidase-mediated stimulation of mucus secretions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandria J. Hammond
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Ulrike Binsker
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Surya D. Aggarwal
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Mila Brum Ortigoza
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Cynthia Loomis
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey N. Weiser
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
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15
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Fuji N, Pichichero ME, Kaur R. Comparison of specific in-vitro virulence gene expression and innate host response in locally invasive vs colonizer strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Med Microbiol Immunol 2021; 210:111-120. [PMID: 33751214 DOI: 10.1007/s00430-021-00701-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Among Rochester NY children, a dramatic increase in nasopharyngeal (NP) colonization by non-vaccine pneumococcal serotypes 35B and 15A occurred during years 2010-2015, after introduction of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13). In our population, serotype 35B strains colonized in the nasopharynx (NP) but infrequently caused acute otitis media (AOM) whereas serotype 15A strains displayed virulence, evidenced by causing AOM. To explain the virulence difference, virulence genes expression between 35B and 15A, as well as the host's immune response during asymptomatic colonization were analyzed. We investigated differences in regulation of 19 virulence genes for differences in virulence using RT-PCR in 20 35B and 14 15A strains and measured gene expression of 9 host innate cytokines in the NP to assess the mucosal inflammatory response during asymptomatic colonization. Comparing 35B versus 15A strains, genes for competence ComA and RrgC were upregulated; capsular (Cps2D) and virulence genes (PfbA, PcpA and PhtE) were downregulated among 35B strains. PavB, LytA, LytB, NanA, CiaR, PhtD, LuxS, PspA and pneumolysin (Ply) showed no difference. IL17 and IL23 gene expression were > tenfold higher during 35B compared to 15A strain asymptomatic colonization. Only IL23 showed significant difference. In the first 5 years after introduction of PCV13, serotype 35B strains emerged as asymptomatic colonizers and 15A strains emerged to cause AOM in young children. Various genes (PfbA, PcpA, Cps2D and PhtE) among tested in this analysis were downregulated in 35B whereas ComA and RrgC were significantly upregulated. For the host's cytokine response, IL23 proinflammatory response which is essential for the differentiation of Th17 lymphocytes in the NP of children with 35B strains was significantly higher than the response to 15A during asymptomatic colonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoko Fuji
- Center for Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Rochester General Hospital Research Institute, Rochester General Hospital, 1425 Portland Avenue, Rochester, NY, 14621, USA
| | - Michael E Pichichero
- Center for Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Rochester General Hospital Research Institute, Rochester General Hospital, 1425 Portland Avenue, Rochester, NY, 14621, USA
| | - Ravinder Kaur
- Center for Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Rochester General Hospital Research Institute, Rochester General Hospital, 1425 Portland Avenue, Rochester, NY, 14621, USA.
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16
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Sender V, Hentrich K, Henriques-Normark B. Virus-Induced Changes of the Respiratory Tract Environment Promote Secondary Infections With Streptococcus pneumoniae. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:643326. [PMID: 33828999 PMCID: PMC8019817 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.643326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Secondary bacterial infections enhance the disease burden of influenza infections substantially. Streptococcus pneumoniae (the pneumococcus) plays a major role in the synergism between bacterial and viral pathogens, which is based on complex interactions between the pathogen and the host immune response. Here, we discuss mechanisms that drive the pathogenesis of a secondary pneumococcal infection after an influenza infection with a focus on how pneumococci senses and adapts to the influenza-modified environment. We briefly summarize what is known regarding secondary bacterial infection in relation to COVID-19 and highlight the need to improve our current strategies to prevent and treat viral bacterial coinfections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicky Sender
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karina Hentrich
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Birgitta Henriques-Normark
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
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17
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Assailly C, Bridot C, Saumonneau A, Lottin P, Roubinet B, Krammer EM, François F, Vena F, Landemarre L, Alvarez Dorta D, Deniaud D, Grandjean C, Tellier C, Pascual S, Montembault V, Fontaine L, Daligault F, Bouckaert J, Gouin SG. Polyvalent Transition-State Analogues of Sialyl Substrates Strongly Inhibit Bacterial Sialidases*. Chemistry 2021; 27:3142-3150. [PMID: 33150981 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202004672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial sialidases (SA) are validated drug targets expressed by common human pathogens such as Streptococcus pneumoniae, Vibrio cholerae, or Clostridium perfringens. Noncovalent inhibitors of bacterial SA capable of reaching the submicromolar level are rarely reported. In this work, multi- and polyvalent compounds are developed, based on the transition-state analogue 2-deoxy-2,3-didehydro-N-acetylneuraminic (DANA). Poly-DANA inhibits the catalytic activity of SA from S. pneumoniae (NanA) and the symbiotic microorganism B. thetaiotaomicron (BtSA) at the picomolar and low nanomolar levels (expressed in moles of molecules and of DANA, respectively). Each DANA grafted to the polymer surpasses the inhibitory potential of the monovalent analogue by more than four orders of magnitude, which represents the highest multivalent effect reported so far for an enzyme inhibition. The synergistic interaction is shown to operate exclusively in the catalytic domain, and not in the flanked carbohydrate-binding module (CBM). These results offer interesting perspectives for the multivalent inhibition of other SA families lacking a CBM, such as viral, parasitic, or human SA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coralie Assailly
- CNRS, CEISAM UMR, 6230, Université de Nantes, 44000, Nantes, France
| | - Clarisse Bridot
- Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle (UGSF), UMR8576 CNRS, Université de Lille, Lille, 59000, France
| | - Amélie Saumonneau
- UFIP, UMR CNRS 6286, UFR des Sciences et des Techniques, Université de Nantes, 2 rue de la Houssinière, BP 92208, 44322, Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Paul Lottin
- Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans (IMMM), UMR 6283 CNRS, Le Mans Université, Av. O. Messiaen, 72085, Le Mans cedex 9, France
| | - Benoit Roubinet
- Glycodiag, Bâtiment Physique-Chimie, Rue de Chartres, BP6759, 45067, Orléans cedex 2, France
| | - Eva-Maria Krammer
- Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle (UGSF), UMR8576 CNRS, Université de Lille, Lille, 59000, France
| | - Francesca François
- Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans (IMMM), UMR 6283 CNRS, Le Mans Université, Av. O. Messiaen, 72085, Le Mans cedex 9, France
| | - Federica Vena
- Glycodiag, Bâtiment Physique-Chimie, Rue de Chartres, BP6759, 45067, Orléans cedex 2, France
| | - Ludovic Landemarre
- Glycodiag, Bâtiment Physique-Chimie, Rue de Chartres, BP6759, 45067, Orléans cedex 2, France
| | | | - David Deniaud
- CNRS, CEISAM UMR, 6230, Université de Nantes, 44000, Nantes, France
| | - Cyrille Grandjean
- UFIP, UMR CNRS 6286, UFR des Sciences et des Techniques, Université de Nantes, 2 rue de la Houssinière, BP 92208, 44322, Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Charles Tellier
- UFIP, UMR CNRS 6286, UFR des Sciences et des Techniques, Université de Nantes, 2 rue de la Houssinière, BP 92208, 44322, Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Sagrario Pascual
- Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans (IMMM), UMR 6283 CNRS, Le Mans Université, Av. O. Messiaen, 72085, Le Mans cedex 9, France
| | - Véronique Montembault
- Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans (IMMM), UMR 6283 CNRS, Le Mans Université, Av. O. Messiaen, 72085, Le Mans cedex 9, France
| | - Laurent Fontaine
- Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans (IMMM), UMR 6283 CNRS, Le Mans Université, Av. O. Messiaen, 72085, Le Mans cedex 9, France
| | - Franck Daligault
- UFIP, UMR CNRS 6286, UFR des Sciences et des Techniques, Université de Nantes, 2 rue de la Houssinière, BP 92208, 44322, Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Julie Bouckaert
- Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle (UGSF), UMR8576 CNRS, Université de Lille, Lille, 59000, France
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18
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Hansen AL, Reily C, Novak J, Renfrow MB. Immunoglobulin A Glycosylation and Its Role in Disease. EXPERIENTIA SUPPLEMENTUM (2012) 2021; 112:433-477. [PMID: 34687019 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-76912-3_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Human IgA is comprised of two subclasses, IgA1 and IgA2. Monomeric IgA (mIgA), polymeric IgA (pIgA), and secretory IgA (SIgA) are the main molecular forms of IgA. The production of IgA rivals all other immunoglobulin isotypes. The large quantities of IgA reflect the fundamental roles it plays in immune defense, protecting vulnerable mucosal surfaces against invading pathogens. SIgA dominates mucosal surfaces, whereas IgA in circulation is predominately monomeric. All forms of IgA are glycosylated, and the glycans significantly influence its various roles, including antigen binding and the antibody effector functions, mediated by the Fab and Fc portions, respectively. In contrast to its protective role, the aberrant glycosylation of IgA1 has been implicated in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, such as IgA nephropathy (IgAN) and IgA vasculitis with nephritis (IgAVN). Furthermore, detailed characterization of IgA glycosylation, including its diverse range of heterogeneity, is of emerging interest. We provide an overview of the glycosylation observed for each subclass and molecular form of IgA as well as the range of heterogeneity for each site of glycosylation. In many ways, the role of IgA glycosylation is in its early stages of being elucidated. This chapter provides an overview of the current knowledge and research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa L Hansen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Colin Reily
- Departments of Medicine and Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jan Novak
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
| | - Matthew B Renfrow
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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19
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Sharapova Y, Švedas V, Suplatov D. Catalytic and lectin domains in neuraminidase A from Streptococcus pneumoniae are capable of an intermolecular assembly: Implications for biofilm formation. FEBS J 2020; 288:3217-3230. [PMID: 33108702 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Neuraminidase A from Streptococcus pneumoniae (NanA) is a cell wall-bound modular enzyme containing one lectin and one catalytic domain. Unlike homologous NanB and NanC expressed by the same bacterium, the two domains within one NanA molecule do not form a stable interaction and are spatially separated by a 16-amino acid-long flexible linker. In this work, the ability of NanA to form intermolecular assemblies was characterized using the methods of molecular modeling and bioinformatic analysis based on crystallographic data and by bringing together previously published experimental data. It was concluded that two catalytic domains, as well as one catalytic and one lectin domain, originating from two cell wall-bound NanA molecules, can interact through a previously uncharacterized interdomain interface to form complexes stabilized by a network of intermolecular hydrogen bonds and salt bridges. Supercomputer modeling strongly indicated that artocarpin, an earlier experimentally discovered inhibitor of the pneumococcal biofilm formation, is able to bind to a site located in the catalytic domain of one NanA entity and prevent its interaction with the lectin or catalytic domain of another NanA entity, thus directly precluding the generation of intermolecular assemblies. The revealed structural adaptation is discussed as one plausible mechanism of noncatalytic participation of this potentially key pathogenicity enzyme in pneumococcal biofilm formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yana Sharapova
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.,Belozersky Institute of Physicochemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vytas Švedas
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.,Belozersky Institute of Physicochemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry Suplatov
- Belozersky Institute of Physicochemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
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20
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Gisselsson-Solén M, Tähtinen PA, Ryan AF, Mulay A, Kariya S, Schilder AG, Valdez TA, Brown S, Nolan RM, Hermansson A, van Ingen G, Marom T. Panel 1: Biotechnology, biomedical engineering and new models of otitis media. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2020; 130 Suppl 1:109833. [PMID: 31901291 PMCID: PMC7176743 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2019.109833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To summarize recently published key articles on the topics of biomedical engineering, biotechnology and new models in relation to otitis media (OM). DATA SOURCES Electronic databases: PubMed, Ovid Medline, Cochrane Library and Clinical Evidence (BMJ Publishing). REVIEW METHODS Articles on biomedical engineering, biotechnology, material science, mechanical and animal models in OM published between May 2015 and May 2019 were identified and subjected to review. A total of 132 articles were ultimately included. RESULTS New imaging technologies for the tympanic membrane (TM) and the middle ear cavity are being developed to assess TM thickness, identify biofilms and differentiate types of middle ear effusions. Artificial intelligence (AI) has been applied to train software programs to diagnose OM with a high degree of certainty. Genetically modified mice models for OM have further investigated what predisposes some individuals to OM and consequent hearing loss. New vaccine candidates protecting against major otopathogens are being explored and developed, especially combined vaccines, targeting more than one pathogen. Transcutaneous vaccination against non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae has been successfully tried in a chinchilla model. In terms of treatment, novel technologies for trans-tympanic drug delivery are entering the clinical domain. Various growth factors and grafting materials aimed at improving healing of TM perforations show promising results in animal models. CONCLUSION New technologies and AI applications to improve the diagnosis of OM have shown promise in pre-clinical models and are gradually entering the clinical domain. So are novel vaccines and drug delivery approaches that may allow local treatment of OM. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE New diagnostic methods, potential vaccine candidates and the novel trans-tympanic drug delivery show promising results, but are not yet adapted to clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Gisselsson-Solén
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Lund University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Paula A. Tähtinen
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Allen F. Ryan
- Division of Otolaryngology, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA,San Diego Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Research Department, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Apoorva Mulay
- The Stripp Lab, Pulmonary Department, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Shin Kariya
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Anne G.M. Schilder
- EvidENT, Ear Institute, University College London, London, UK,National Institute for Health Research University College London Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK,Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Tulio A. Valdez
- Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Steve Brown
- MRC Harwell Institute, Mammalian Genetics Unit, Harwell Campus, Oxfordshire, UK
| | | | - Ann Hermansson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Lund University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Gijs van Ingen
- Department of Otolaryngology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tal Marom
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Samson Assuta Ashdod University Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences Ben Gurion University, Ashdod, Israel.
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21
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Parrish JM, Soni M, Mittal R. Subversion of host immune responses by otopathogens during otitis media. J Leukoc Biol 2019; 106:943-956. [PMID: 31075181 PMCID: PMC7166519 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.4ru0119-003r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Otitis media (OM) is one of the most common ear diseases affecting humans. Children are at greater risk and suffer most frequently from OM, which can cause serious deterioration in the quality of life. OM is generally classified into two main types: acute and chronic OM (AOM and COM). AOM is characterized by tympanic membrane swelling or otorrhea and is accompanied by signs or symptoms of ear infection. In COM, there is a tympanic membrane perforation and purulent discharge. The most common pathogens that cause AOM are Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Moraxella catarrhalis whereas Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus are commonly associated with COM. Innate and adaptive immune responses provide protection against OM. However, pathogens employ a wide arsenal of weapons to evade potent immune responses and these mechanisms likely contribute to AOM and COM. Immunologic evasion is multifactorial, and involves damage to host mucociliary tract, genetic polymorphisms within otopathogens, the number and variety of different otopathogens in the nasopharynx as well as the interaction between the host's innate and adaptive immune responses. Otopathogens utilize host mucin production, phase variation, biofilm production, glycans, as well as neutrophil and eosinophilic extracellular traps to induce OM. The objective of this review article is to discuss our current understanding about the mechanisms through which otopathogens escape host immunity to induce OM. A better knowledge about the molecular mechanisms leading to subversion of host immune responses will provide novel clues to develop effective treatment modalities for OM.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M Parrish
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Manasi Soni
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Rahul Mittal
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
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22
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Janesch P, Rouha H, Badarau A, Stulik L, Mirkina I, Caccamo M, Havlicek K, Maierhofer B, Weber S, Groß K, Steinhäuser J, Zerbs M, Varga C, Dolezilkova I, Maier S, Zauner G, Nielson N, Power CA, Nagy E. Assessing the function of pneumococcal neuraminidases NanA, NanB and NanC in in vitro and in vivo lung infection models using monoclonal antibodies. Virulence 2019; 9:1521-1538. [PMID: 30289054 PMCID: PMC6177239 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2018.1520545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates express up to three neuraminidases (sialidases), NanA, NanB and NanC, all of which cleave the terminal sialic acid of glycan-structures that decorate host cell surfaces. Most research has focused on the role of NanA with limited investigations evaluating the roles of all three neuraminidases in host-pathogen interactions. We generated two highly potent monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), one that blocks the enzymatic activity of NanA and one cross-neutralizing NanB and NanC. Total neuraminidase activity of clinical S. pneumoniae isolates could be inhibited by this mAb combination in enzymatic assays. To detect desialylation of cell surfaces by pneumococcal neuraminidases, primary human tracheal/bronchial mucocilial epithelial tissues were infected with S. pneumoniae and stained with peanut lectin. Simultaneous targeting of the neuraminidases was required to prevent desialylation, suggesting that inhibition of NanA alone is not sufficient to preserve terminal lung glycans. Importantly, we also found that all three neuraminidases increased the interaction of S. pneumoniae with human airway epithelial cells. Lectin-staining of lung tissues of mice pre-treated with mAbs before intranasal challenge with S. pneumoniae confirmed that both anti-NanA and anti-NanBC mAbs were required to effectively block desialylation of the respiratory epithelium in vivo. Despite this, no effect on survival, reduction in pulmonary bacterial load, or significant changes in cytokine responses were observed. This suggests that neuraminidases have no pivotal role in this murine pneumonia model that is induced by high bacterial challenge inocula and does not progress from colonization as it happens in the human host.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Karin Groß
- a Arsanis Biosciences , Vienna , Austria
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23
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Glanz VY, Myasoedova VA, Grechko AV, Orekhov AN. Sialidase activity in human pathologies. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 842:345-350. [PMID: 30439363 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 11/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Sialic acid residues are frequently located at the terminal positions of glycoconjugate chains of cellular glycocalyx. Sialidases, or neuraminidases, catalyse removal of these residues thereby modulating various normal and pathological cellular activities. Recent studies have revealed the involvement of sialidases in a wide range of human disorders, including neurodegenerative disorders, cancers, infectious diseases and cardiovascular diseases. The accumulating data make sialidases an interesting potential therapeutic target. Modulating the activity of these enzymes may have beneficial effects in several pathologies. Four types of mammalian sialidases have been described: NEU1, NEU2, NEU3 and NEU4. They are encoded by different genes and characterized by different subcellular localization. In this review, we will summarize the current knowledge on the roles of different sialidases in pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Yu Glanz
- Department of Genetics, Cytology and Bioengineering, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, Voronezh State University, Voronezh, Russia
| | - Veronika A Myasoedova
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 125315 Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey V Grechko
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology, 109240 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander N Orekhov
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 125315 Moscow, Russia; Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, Skolkovo Innovative Center, 121609 Moscow, Russia; Centre of Collective Use, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 121552, Russia.
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24
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Blood‒Brain Barrier Pathology and CNS Outcomes in Streptococcus pneumoniae Meningitis. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113555. [PMID: 30423890 PMCID: PMC6275034 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae is a major meningitis-causing pathogen globally, bringing about significant morbidity and mortality, as well as long-term neurological sequelae in almost half of the survivors. Subsequent to nasopharyngeal colonisation and systemic invasion, translocation across the blood‒brain barrier (BBB) by S. pneumoniae is a crucial early step in the pathogenesis of meningitis. The BBB, which normally protects the central nervous system (CNS) from deleterious molecules within the circulation, becomes dysfunctional in S. pneumoniae invasion due to the effects of pneumococcal toxins and a heightened host inflammatory environment of cytokines, chemokines and reactive oxygen species intracranially. The bacteria‒host interplay within the CNS likely determines not only the degree of BBB pathological changes, but also host survival and the extent of neurological damage. This review explores the relationship between S. pneumoniae bacteria and the host inflammatory response, with an emphasis on the BBB and its roles in CNS protection, as well as both the acute and long-term pathogenesis of meningitis.
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25
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A recombinant conjugated pneumococcal vaccine that protects against murine infections with a similar efficacy to Prevnar-13. NPJ Vaccines 2018; 3:53. [PMID: 30393571 PMCID: PMC6208403 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-018-0090-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) strongly protects against vaccine serotypes, but the rapid expansion of non-vaccine serotype disease and the vaccine's high expense has reduced its overall impact. We have developed Protein Glycan Coupling Technology (PGCT) as a flexible methodology for making low-cost polysaccharide/protein glycoconjugates recombinantly in Escherichia coli. We have used PGCT to make a recombinant PCV containing serotype 4 capsular polysaccharide linked to the Streptococcus pneumoniae proteins NanA, PiuA, and Sp0148. The introduction of the Campylobacter jejuni UDP-glucose 4-epimerase gene GalE (gne) into E. coli improved the yield of the resulting glycoprotein. PGCT glycoconjugate vaccination generated strong antibody responses in mice to both the capsule and the carrier protein antigens, with the PiuA/capsule glycoconjugate inducing similar anti-capsular antibody responses as the commercial PCV Prevnar-13. Antibody responses to PGCT glycoconjugates opsonised S. pneumoniae and Streptococcus mitis expressing the serotype 4 capsule and promoted neutrophil phagocytosis of S. pneumoniae to a similar level as antisera generated by vaccination with Prevnar-13. Vaccination with the PGCT glycoconjugates protected mice against meningitis and septicaemia with the same efficacy as vaccination with Prevnar-13. In addition, vaccination with the protein antigen components from PGCT glycoconjugates alone provided partial protection against septicaemia and colonisation. These data demonstrate that a vaccine made by PGCT is as effective as Prevnar-13, identifies PiuA as a carrier protein for glycoconjugate vaccines, and demonstrates that linking capsular antigen to S. pneumoniae protein antigens has additional protective benefits that could provide a degree of serotype-independent immunity.
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26
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Hobbs JK, Pluvinage B, Boraston AB. Glycan-metabolizing enzymes in microbe-host interactions: the Streptococcus pneumoniae paradigm. FEBS Lett 2018; 592:3865-3897. [PMID: 29608212 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae is a frequent colonizer of the upper airways; however, it is also an accomplished pathogen capable of causing life-threatening diseases. To colonize and cause invasive disease, this bacterium relies on a complex array of factors to mediate the host-bacterium interaction. The respiratory tract is rich in functionally important glycoconjugates that display a vast range of glycans, and, thus, a key component of the pneumococcus-host interaction involves an arsenal of bacterial carbohydrate-active enzymes to depolymerize these glycans and carbohydrate transporters to import the products. Through the destruction of host glycans, the glycan-specific metabolic machinery deployed by S. pneumoniae plays a variety of roles in the host-pathogen interaction. Here, we review the processing and metabolism of the major host-derived glycans, including N- and O-linked glycans, Lewis and blood group antigens, proteoglycans, and glycogen, as well as some dietary glycans. We discuss the role of these metabolic pathways in the S. pneumoniae-host interaction, speculate on the potential of key enzymes within these pathways as therapeutic targets, and relate S. pneumoniae as a model system to glycan processing in other microbial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne K Hobbs
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Benjamin Pluvinage
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Alisdair B Boraston
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
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