1
|
Druffner SR, Venkateshwaraprabu S, Khadka S, Duncan BC, Morris MT, Sen-Kilic E, Damron FH, Liechti GW, Busada JT. Comparison of gastric inflammation and metaplasia induced by Helicobacter pylori or Helicobacter felis colonization in mice. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0001524. [PMID: 38682907 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00015-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is the fifth most diagnosed cancer in the world. Infection by the bacteria Helicobacter pylori (HP) is associated with approximately 75% of gastric cancer cases. HP infection induces chronic gastric inflammation, damaging the stomach and fostering carcinogenesis. Most mechanistic studies on gastric cancer initiation are performed in mice and utilize either mouse-adapted strains of HP or the natural mouse pathogen Helicobacter felis (HF). Here, we identified the differences in gastric inflammation, atrophy, and metaplasia associated with HP and HF infection in mice. PMSS1 HP strain or the CS1 HF strain were co-cultured with mouse peritoneal macrophages to assess their immunostimulatory effects. HP and HF induced similar cytokine production from cultured mouse peritoneal macrophages revealing that both bacteria exhibit similar immunostimulatory effects in vitro. Next, C57BL/6J mice were infected with HP or HF and were assessed 2 months post-infection. HP-infected mice caused modest inflammation within both the gastric corpus and antrum, and did not induce significant atrophy within the gastric corpus. In contrast, HF induced significant inflammation throughout the gastric corpus and antrum. Moreover, HF infection was associated with significant atrophy of the chief and parietal cell compartments and induced the expression of pyloric metaplasia (PM) markers. HP is poorly immunogenic compared to HF. HF induces dramatic CD4+ T cell activation, which is associated with increased gastric cancer risk in humans. Thus, HP studies in mice are better suited for studies on colonization, while HF is more strongly suited for studies on the effects of gastric inflammation on tumorigenesis. . IMPORTANCE Mouse infection models with Helicobacter species are widely used to study Helicobacter pathogenesis and gastric cancer initiation. However, Helicobacter pylori is not a natural mouse pathogen, and mouse-adapted H. pylori strains are poorly immunogenic. In contrast, Helicobacter felis is a natural mouse pathogen that induces robust gastric inflammation and is often used in mice to investigate gastric cancer initiation. Although both bacterial strains are widely used, their disease pathogenesis in mice differs dramatically. However, few studies have directly compared the pathogenesis of these bacterial species in mice, and the contrasting features of these two models are not clearly defined. This study directly compares the gastric inflammation, atrophy, and metaplasia development triggered by the widely used PMSS1 H. pylori and CS1 H. felis strains in mice. It serves as a useful resource for researchers to select the experimental model best suited for their studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara R Druffner
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Shrinidhi Venkateshwaraprabu
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Stuti Khadka
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Benjamin C Duncan
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Maeve T Morris
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Emel Sen-Kilic
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Fredrick H Damron
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - George W Liechti
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jonathan T Busada
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Talayev V, Svetlova M, Zaichenko I, Voronina E, Babaykina O, Neumoina N, Perfilova K. CCR6 + T helper cells and regulatory T cells in the blood and gastric mucosa during Helicobacter pylori infection. Helicobacter 2024; 29:e13097. [PMID: 38819071 DOI: 10.1111/hel.13097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) can evade the host's immune response and persist for a long time on the gastric mucosa. T helper (Th) cells appear to be involved in the control of H. pylori bacteria but promote mucosal inflammation. In contrast, regulatory T cells (Tregs) may reduce inflammation but promote H. pylori persistence. CC motif chemokine receptor 6 (CCR6) is involved in the migration of various cells into inflamed gastric mucosa. In this study, we examined CCR6+ Th cells and CCR6+ Tregs during H. pylori infection in humans. MATERIALS AND METHODS Isolation of cells from blood and mucosal biopsies, magnetic separation of В cells, CD4+ and CD4+CCR6+CD45RO+ T cells, antigen-specific activation, B cell response in vitro, flow cytometry, determination of CD4+CD25hiFoxP3+ Tregs and various groups of Th cells. RESULTS CD4+CCR6+ blood lymphocytes from healthy donors included Th cells and Tregs. These CCR6+ Th cells produced proinflammatory cytokines and also stimulated plasma cell maturation and antibody production in vitro. H. pylori gastritis and peptic ulcer disease were associated with an increase in the number of circulate CD4+CCR6+CD45RO+ cells and the percentage of Th1, Th17 and Th1/17 cells in this lymphocyte subgroup. In H. pylori-positive patients, circulating CD4+CCR6+ cells contained a higher proportion of H. pylori-specific cells compared with their CD4+CCR6- counterparts. H. pylori infection strongly increased the content of CD4+ lymphocytes in the inflamed gastric mucosa, with the majority of these CD4+ lymphocytes expressing CCR6. CD4+CCR6+ lymphocytes from H. pylori-infected stomach included Tregs and in vivo activated T cells, some of which produced interferon-γ without ex vivo stimulation. CONCLUSION H. pylori infection causes an increase in the number of mature CD4+CCR6+ lymphocytes in the blood, with a pro-inflammatory shift in their composition and enrichment of the gastric mucosa with CD4+CCR6+ lymphocytes, including CCR6+ Th1 cells and Tregs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Talayev
- Academician I.N. Blokhina Nizhny Novgorod Scientific Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology of Rospotrebnadzor, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Maria Svetlova
- Academician I.N. Blokhina Nizhny Novgorod Scientific Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology of Rospotrebnadzor, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Irina Zaichenko
- Academician I.N. Blokhina Nizhny Novgorod Scientific Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology of Rospotrebnadzor, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Elena Voronina
- Academician I.N. Blokhina Nizhny Novgorod Scientific Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology of Rospotrebnadzor, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Olga Babaykina
- Academician I.N. Blokhina Nizhny Novgorod Scientific Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology of Rospotrebnadzor, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Natalia Neumoina
- Academician I.N. Blokhina Nizhny Novgorod Scientific Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology of Rospotrebnadzor, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Ksenia Perfilova
- Academician I.N. Blokhina Nizhny Novgorod Scientific Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology of Rospotrebnadzor, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Jafarzadeh A, Jafarzadeh Z, Nemati M, Yoshimura A. The Interplay Between Helicobacter pylori and Suppressors of Cytokine Signaling (SOCS) Molecules in the Development of Gastric Cancer and Induction of Immune Response. Helicobacter 2024; 29:e13105. [PMID: 38924222 DOI: 10.1111/hel.13105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) colonizes the stomach and leads to the secretion of a vast range of cytokines by infiltrated leukocytes directing immune/inflammatory response against the bacterium. To regulate immune/inflammatory responses, suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS) proteins bind to multiple signaling components located downstream of cytokine receptors, such as Janus kinase (JAK), signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT). Dysfunctional SOCS proteins in immune cells may facilitate the immune evasion of H. pylori, allowing the bacteria to induce chronic inflammation. Dysregulation of SOCS expression and function can contribute to the sustained H. pylori-mediated gastric inflammation which can lead to gastric cancer (GC) development. Among SOCS molecules, dysregulated expression of SOCS1, SOCS2, SOCS3, and SOCS6 were indicated in H. pylori-infected individuals as well as in GC tissues and cells. H. pylori-induced SOCS1, SOCS2, SOCS3, and SOCS6 dysregulation can contribute to the GC development. The expression of SOCS molecules can be influenced by various factors, such as epigenetic DNA methylation, noncoding RNAs, and gene polymorphisms. Modulation of the expression of SOCS molecules in gastric epithelial cells and immune cells can be considered to control gastric carcinogenesis as well as regulate antitumor immune responses, respectively. This review aimed to explain the interplay between H. pylori and SOCS molecules in GC development and immune response induction as well as to provide insights regarding potential therapeutic strategies modulating SOCS molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdollah Jafarzadeh
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Applied Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Zahra Jafarzadeh
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Maryam Nemati
- Department of Hematology and Laboratory Sciences, School of Para-Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Immunology of Infectious Diseases Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Akihiko Yoshimura
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Engelsberger V, Gerhard M, Mejías-Luque R. Effects of Helicobacter pylori infection on intestinal microbiota, immunity and colorectal cancer risk. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1339750. [PMID: 38343887 PMCID: PMC10853882 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1339750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Infecting about half of the world´s population, Helicobacter pylori is one of the most prevalent bacterial infections worldwide and the strongest known risk factor for gastric cancer. Although H. pylori colonizes exclusively the gastric epithelium, the infection has also been associated with various extragastric diseases, including colorectal cancer (CRC). Epidemiological studies reported an almost two-fold increased risk for infected individuals to develop CRC, but only recently, direct causal and functional links between the chronic infection and CRC have been revealed. Besides modulating the host intestinal immune response, H. pylori is thought to increase CRC risk by inducing gut microbiota alterations. It is known that H. pylori infection not only impacts the gastric microbiota at the site of infection but also leads to changes in bacterial colonization in the distal large intestine. Considering that the gut microbiome plays a driving role in CRC, H. pylori infection emerges as a key factor responsible for promoting changes in microbiome signatures that could contribute to tumor development. Within this review, we want to focus on the interplay between H. pylori infection, changes in the intestinal microbiota, and intestinal immunity. In addition, the effects of H. pylori antibiotic eradication therapy will be discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Raquel Mejías-Luque
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, TUM School of Medicine and Health, Department Preclinical Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Marzhoseyni Z, Mousavi MJ, Ghotloo S. Helicobacter pylori antigens as immunomodulators of immune system. Helicobacter 2024; 29:e13058. [PMID: 38380545 DOI: 10.1111/hel.13058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is one of the most prevalent human pathogens and the leading cause of chronic infection in almost half of the population in the world (~59%). The bacterium is a major leading cause of chronic gastritis, gastric and duodenal ulcers, and two type of malignancies, gastric adenocarcinoma and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma. Despite the immune responses mounted by the host, the bacteria are not cleared from the body resulting in a chronic infection accompanied by a chronic inflammation. Herein, a review of the literature discussing H. pylori antigens modulating the immune responses is presented. The mechanisms that are involved in the modulation of innate immune response, include modulation of recognition by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) such as modulation of recognition by toll like receptors (TLR)4 and TLR5, modulation of phagocytic function, and modulation of phagocytic killing mediated by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO). On the other hands, H. pylori modulates acquired immune response by the induction of tolerogenic dendritic cells (DCs), modulation of apoptosis, induction of regulatory T cells, modulation of T helper (Th)1 response, and modulation of Th17 response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zeynab Marzhoseyni
- Department of Paramedicine, Amol School of Paramedical Sciences, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javad Mousavi
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Somayeh Ghotloo
- Autoimmune Diseases Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Druffner SR, Venkateshwaraprabu S, Khadka S, Duncan BC, Morris MT, Sen-Kilic E, Damron FH, Liechti GW, Busada JT. Comparison of gastric inflammation and metaplasia induced by Helicobacter pylori or Helicobacter felis colonization in mice. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.22.573128. [PMID: 38187587 PMCID: PMC10769338 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.22.573128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Background Gastric cancer is the fifth most diagnosed cancer in the world. Infection by the bacteria Helicobacter pylori (HP) is associated with approximately 75% of gastric cancer cases. HP infection induces chronic gastric inflammation, damaging the stomach and fostering carcinogenesis. Most mechanistic studies on Helicobacter- induced gastric cancer initiation are performed in mice and utilize either mouse-adapted strains of HP or the natural mouse pathogen Helicobacter felis (HF). Each of these infection models is associated with strengths and weaknesses. Here, we identified the differences in immunogenicity and gastric pathological changes associated with HP and HF infection in mice. Material and Methods PMSS1 HP strain or with the CS1 HF strain were co-cultured with mouse peritoneal macrophages to assess their immunostimulatory effects. C57BL/6J mice were infected with HP or HF, and gastric inflammation, atrophy, and metaplasia development were assessed 2 months post-infection. Results HP and HF induced similar cytokine production from cultured mouse peritoneal macrophages. HP-infected mice caused modest inflammation within both the gastric corpus and antrum and did not induce significant atrophy within the gastric corpus. In contrast, HF induced significant inflammation throughout the gastric corpus and antrum. Moreover, HF infection was associated with significant atrophy of the chief and parietal cell compartments and induced expression of pyloric metaplasia markers. Conclusions HP is poorly immunogenic compared to HF. HF induces dramatic CD4+ T cell activation, which is associated with increased gastric cancer risk in humans. Thus, HP studies in mice are better suited for studies on colonization, while HF is more strongly suited for pathogenesis and cancer initiation studies.
Collapse
|
7
|
He T, Zhang F, Zhang J, Wei S, Ning J, Yuan H, Li B. UreB immunodominant epitope-specific CD8 + T-cell responses were beneficial in reducing gastric symptoms in Helicobacter pylori-infected individuals. Helicobacter 2023; 28:e12959. [PMID: 36828665 DOI: 10.1111/hel.12959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Although Helicobacter pylori is recognized as an extracellular infection bacterium, it can lead to an increase in the number of CD8+ T cells after infection. At present, the characteristics of H. pylori antigen-specific CD8+ T cells and the epitope response have not been elucidated. This study was focused on putative protective antigen UreB to detect specific CD8+ T-cell responses in vitro and screen for predominant response epitopes. METHODS The PBMCs collected from H. pylori-infected individuals were stimulated by UreB peptide pools in vitro to identify the immunodominant CD8+ T-cell epitopes. Furthermore, their HLA restriction characteristics were detected accordingly by NGS. Finally, the relationship between immunodominant responses and appearance of gastric symptoms after H. pylori infection was conducted. RESULTS UreB-specific CD8+ T-cell responses were detected in H. pylori-infected individuals. Three of UreB dominant epitopes (A-2 (UreB443-451 : GVKPNMIIK), B-4 (UreB420-428 : SEYVGSVEV), and C-1 (UreB5-13 : SRKEYVSMY)) were firstly identified and mainly presented by HLA-A*1101, HLA-B*4001 and HLA-C*0702 alleles, respectively. C-1 responses were mostly occurred in H. pylori-infected subjects without gastric symptoms and may alleviate the degree of gastric inflammation. CONCLUSIONS The UreB dominant epitope-specific CD8+ T-cell response was closely related to the gastric symptoms after H. pylori infection, and the C-1 (UreB5-13 ) dominant peptides may be protective epitopes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taojun He
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fang Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shanshan Wei
- Department of Digestive Endoscopy Center, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jie Ning
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hanmei Yuan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Helicobacter pylori Chronic-Stage Inflammation Undergoes Fluctuations That Are Altered in tlpA Mutants. Infect Immun 2023; 91:e0032222. [PMID: 36533917 PMCID: PMC9872690 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00322-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori colonizes half of the world's population and is responsible for a significant disease burden by causing gastritis, peptic ulcers, and gastric cancer. The development of host inflammation drives these diseases, but there are still open questions in the field about how H. pylori controls this process. We characterized H. pylori inflammation using an 8-month mouse infection time course and comparison of the wild type (WT) and a previously identified mutant lacking the TlpA chemoreceptor that causes elevated inflammation. Our work shows that H. pylori chronic-stage corpus inflammation undergoes surprising fluctuations, with changes in Th17 and eosinophil numbers. The H. pylori tlpA mutant changed the inflammation temporal characteristics, resulting in different inflammation from the wild type at some time points. tlpA mutants have equivalent total and gland colonization in late-stage infections. During early infection, in contrast, they show elevated gland and total colonization compared to those by WT. Our results suggest the chronic inflammation setting is dynamic and may be influenced by colonization properties of early infection.
Collapse
|
9
|
Artola-Borán M, Fallegger A, Priola M, Jeske R, Waterboer T, Dohlman AB, Shen X, Wild S, He J, Levesque MP, Yousefi S, Simon HU, Cheng PF, Müller A. Mycobacterial infection aggravates Helicobacter pylori-induced gastric preneoplastic pathology by redirection of de novo induced Treg cells. Cell Rep 2022; 38:110359. [PMID: 35139377 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The two human pathogens Helicobacter pylori and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) co-exist in many geographical areas of the world. Here, using a co-infection model of H. pylori and the Mtb relative M. bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG), we show that both bacteria affect the colonization and immune control of the respective other pathogen. Co-occurring M. bovis boosts gastric Th1 responses and H. pylori control and aggravates gastric immunopathology. H. pylori in the stomach compromises immune control of M. bovis in the liver and spleen. Prior antibiotic H. pylori eradication or M. bovis-specific immunization reverses the effects of H. pylori. Mechanistically, the mutual effects can be attributed to the redirection of regulatory T cells (Treg cells) to sites of M. bovis infection. Reversal of Treg cell redirection by CXCR3 blockade restores M. bovis control. In conclusion, the simultaneous presence of both pathogens exacerbates the problems associated with each individual infection alone and should possibly be factored into treatment decisions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariela Artola-Borán
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Angela Fallegger
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martina Priola
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Rima Jeske
- Infection and Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tim Waterboer
- Infection and Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anders B Dohlman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for Genomics and Computational Biology, Duke Microbiome Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Xiling Shen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for Genomics and Computational Biology, Duke Microbiome Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Sebastian Wild
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jiazhuo He
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Shida Yousefi
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Hans-Uwe Simon
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia; Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia; Institute of Biochemistry, Medical School Brandenburg, Neuruppin, Germany
| | - Phil F Cheng
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anne Müller
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Talayev VY, Svetlova MV, Zaichenko IE, Voronina EV, Babaykina ON, Neumoina NV, Perfilova KM, Utkin OV, Filatova EN. Cytokine Profile of CCR6 + T-Helpers Isolated from the Blood of Patients with Peptic Ulcer Associated with Helicobacter pylori Infection. Sovrem Tekhnologii Med 2021; 12:33-39. [PMID: 34795977 PMCID: PMC8596245 DOI: 10.17691/stm2020.12.3.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously found that the number of CCR6+ T-helpers with the phenotype of effector/effector memory T cells increases in the blood of patients with H. pylori-associated peptic ulcer. The mature phenotype and the expression of the chemokine receptor CCR6, which is involved in migration of lymphocytes to the inflamed mucous membrane of the gastrointestinal tract, suggests that these cells are involved in the immune response observed in this clinical condition. To better understand the pathogenetic role of these cells, it is necessary to study their functional activity, specifically, the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines involved in the pathogenesis of the disease. The aim of the study was to evaluate changes in the blood level of pro-inflammatory types of mature CCR6+ T-helpers in H. pylori-associated peptic ulcer disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V Yu Talayev
- Professor, Head of the Laboratory of Cellular Immunology; Academician I.N. Blokhina Nizhny Novgorod Scientific Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology of Rospotrebnadzor (Russian Federal Consumer Rights Protection and Human Health Control Service), 71 Malaya Yamskaya St., Nizhny Novgorod, 603950, Russia
| | - M V Svetlova
- Senior Researcher, Laboratory of Cellular Immunology; Academician I.N. Blokhina Nizhny Novgorod Scientific Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology of Rospotrebnadzor (Russian Federal Consumer Rights Protection and Human Health Control Service), 71 Malaya Yamskaya St., Nizhny Novgorod, 603950, Russia
| | - I E Zaichenko
- Leading Researcher, Laboratory of Cellular Immunology; Academician I.N. Blokhina Nizhny Novgorod Scientific Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology of Rospotrebnadzor (Russian Federal Consumer Rights Protection and Human Health Control Service), 71 Malaya Yamskaya St., Nizhny Novgorod, 603950, Russia
| | - E V Voronina
- Researcher, Laboratory of Cellular Immunology; Academician I.N. Blokhina Nizhny Novgorod Scientific Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology of Rospotrebnadzor (Russian Federal Consumer Rights Protection and Human Health Control Service), 71 Malaya Yamskaya St., Nizhny Novgorod, 603950, Russia
| | - O N Babaykina
- Senior Researcher, Laboratory of Cellular Immunology; Academician I.N. Blokhina Nizhny Novgorod Scientific Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology of Rospotrebnadzor (Russian Federal Consumer Rights Protection and Human Health Control Service), 71 Malaya Yamskaya St., Nizhny Novgorod, 603950, Russia
| | - N V Neumoina
- Chief Physician, Clinic of Infectious Diseases; Academician I.N. Blokhina Nizhny Novgorod Scientific Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology of Rospotrebnadzor (Russian Federal Consumer Rights Protection and Human Health Control Service), 71 Malaya Yamskaya St., Nizhny Novgorod, 603950, Russia
| | - K M Perfilova
- Deputy Chief Physician, Clinic of Infectious Diseases; Academician I.N. Blokhina Nizhny Novgorod Scientific Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology of Rospotrebnadzor (Russian Federal Consumer Rights Protection and Human Health Control Service), 71 Malaya Yamskaya St., Nizhny Novgorod, 603950, Russia
| | - O V Utkin
- Head of the Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology; Academician I.N. Blokhina Nizhny Novgorod Scientific Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology of Rospotrebnadzor (Russian Federal Consumer Rights Protection and Human Health Control Service), 71 Malaya Yamskaya St., Nizhny Novgorod, 603950, Russia
| | - E N Filatova
- Leading Researcher, Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Academician I.N. Blokhina Nizhny Novgorod Scientific Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology of Rospotrebnadzor (Russian Federal Consumer Rights Protection and Human Health Control Service), 71 Malaya Yamskaya St., Nizhny Novgorod, 603950, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Talari HR, Moniri R, Mollaghanbari M, Haddad Kashani H, Jalalian MN. Evaluating the relationship between Helicobacter pylori infection and carotid intima-media thickness a cross sectional study. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2021; 69:102659. [PMID: 34471528 PMCID: PMC8387901 DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2021.102659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Helicobacter pylori is a gram-negative spiral bacterium that is frequently found in the human stomach. Significant association has been reported between Cytotoxin associated gene A (CagA)- positive Helicobacter pylori strains and coronary heart disease. The aim of the present study is to investigate the carotid intima-media thickness as an indicator of atherosclerosis in people with Helicobacter pylori infection. Methods This study was done on patients who underwent upper GI endoscopy and biopsy, and after obtaining conscious consent underwent ultrasound of the right and left carotid arteries for measuring carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) and blood tests. Results In this study, 90 patients who underwent upper GI endoscopy were examined in three groups: negative H. pylori negative, positive cagA and negative cagA. The right, left and average of CIMT in cagA-positive group were significantly higher than the other two groups (p < 0.05). Howerver, the average of CIMT was not significantly different between men and women. Also, the hsCRP average level in positive cagA group was significantly higher than other groups (p < 0.05). Conclusion Our findings suggest that there is an increase in CIMT values in patients with H. pylori infection, especially in cases of positive cagA. The positive cagA group showed significantly higher levels of hs-CRP, as a marker of elevated inflammatory response. Therefore, H. pylori infection, especially cagA-positive strains and its associated systemic inflammatory response can be considered as a contributing factor in atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. H.pylori infection especially in case of positive CagA+ caused the right/left CIMT increase. Higher levels of inflammation in H.pylori, CagA patients and atherosclerosis risk factors couldn’t cause the significant difference. H.pylori infection with positive CagA and its inflammation is an important factor in atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Reza Talari
- Anatomical Sciences Research Center, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.,Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Rezvan Moniri
- Anatomical Sciences Research Center, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Mollaghanbari
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Hamed Haddad Kashani
- Anatomical Sciences Research Center, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Naser Jalalian
- Anatomical Sciences Research Center, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.,Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Nagata M, Toyonaga K, Ishikawa E, Haji S, Okahashi N, Takahashi M, Izumi Y, Imamura A, Takato K, Ishida H, Nagai S, Illarionov P, Stocker BL, Timmer MSM, Smith DGM, Williams SJ, Bamba T, Miyamoto T, Arita M, Appelmelk BJ, Yamasaki S. Helicobacter pylori metabolites exacerbate gastritis through C-type lectin receptors. J Exp Med 2021; 218:152132. [PMID: 32991669 PMCID: PMC7527975 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20200815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori causes gastritis, which has been attributed to the development of H. pylori-specific T cells during infection. However, the mechanism underlying innate immune detection leading to the priming of T cells is not fully understood, as H. pylori evades TLR detection. Here, we report that H. pylori metabolites modified from host cholesterol exacerbate gastritis through the interaction with C-type lectin receptors. Cholesteryl acyl α-glucoside (αCAG) and cholesteryl phosphatidyl α-glucoside (αCPG) were identified as noncanonical ligands for Mincle (Clec4e) and DCAR (Clec4b1). During chronic infection, H. pylori-specific T cell responses and gastritis were ameliorated in Mincle-deficient mice, although bacterial burdens remained unchanged. Furthermore, a mutant H. pylori strain lacking αCAG and αCPG exhibited an impaired ability to cause gastritis. Thus H. pylori-specific modification of host cholesterol plays a pathophysiological role that exacerbates gastric inflammation by triggering C-type lectin receptors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Nagata
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kenji Toyonaga
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Eri Ishikawa
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.,Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shojiro Haji
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Okahashi
- Department of Bioinformatics Engineering, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.,Laboratory for Metabolomics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masatomo Takahashi
- Division of Metabolomics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Izumi
- Division of Metabolomics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Akihiro Imamura
- Department of Applied Bioorganic Chemistry, Gifu University, Gifu, Gifu, Japan
| | - Koichi Takato
- Department of Applied Bioorganic Chemistry, Gifu University, Gifu, Gifu, Japan
| | - Hideharu Ishida
- Department of Applied Bioorganic Chemistry, Gifu University, Gifu, Gifu, Japan.,Center for Highly Advanced Integration of Nano and Life Sciences (G-CHAIN), Gifu University, Gifu, Gifu, Japan
| | - Shigenori Nagai
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Petr Illarionov
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Bridget L Stocker
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand.,Centre for Biodiscovery, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand.,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Mattie S M Timmer
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand.,Centre for Biodiscovery, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand.,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Dylan G M Smith
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Institute of Molecular Science and Biotechnology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Spencer J Williams
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Institute of Molecular Science and Biotechnology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Takeshi Bamba
- Division of Metabolomics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tomofumi Miyamoto
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Makoto Arita
- Laboratory for Metabolomics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan.,Cellular and Molecular Epigenetics Laboratory, Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan.,Division of Physiological Chemistry and Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Keio University, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ben J Appelmelk
- Molecular Microbiology/Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sho Yamasaki
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.,Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.,Division of Molecular Design, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, Japan.,Division of Molecular Immunology, Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
NF-κB in Gastric Cancer Development and Therapy. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9080870. [PMID: 34440074 PMCID: PMC8389569 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9080870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is considered one of the most common causes of cancer-related death worldwide and, thus, a major health problem. A variety of environmental factors including physical and chemical noxae, as well as pathogen infections could contribute to the development of gastric cancer. The transcription factor nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and its dysregulation has a major impact on gastric carcinogenesis due to the regulation of cytokines/chemokines, growth factors, anti-apoptotic factors, cell cycle regulators, and metalloproteinases. Changes in NF-κB signaling are directed by genetic alterations in the transcription factors themselves, but also in NF-κB signaling molecules. NF-κB actively participates in the crosstalk of the cells in the tumor micromilieu with divergent effects on the heterogeneous tumor cell and immune cell populations. Thus, the benefits/consequences of therapeutic targeting of NF-κB have to be carefully evaluated. In this review, we address recent knowledge about the mechanisms and consequences of NF-κB dysregulation in gastric cancer development and therapy.
Collapse
|
14
|
Ghazi HF, Mustafa M, Fahad HM. Interleukin- 17agene Polymorphism, Serum Level and Its Tissue Expression in Iraqi Patients Gastric Lesions. Med Arch 2021; 75:23-26. [PMID: 34012194 PMCID: PMC8116103 DOI: 10.5455/medarh.2021.75.23-26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND T-helper 17 plays a novel role in inflammation in gastritis by producing IL-17A, IL-17A gene polymorphisms that might be responsible for disease susceptibility and development of different gastric lesions. OBJECTIVE The aims of study was to determine the association of IL-17A (G197A) genotype and allele frequency with disease phenotype and risk with different gastric lesions. METHODS Case controlled study involved 30 gastroduodenal ulcer, 30 chronic gastritis and 30 subjects as a control group with negative endoscopic findings. After genomic DNA extraction, IL-17A (G197A)ARMS-PCR genotyping were done for all cases. Serum IL-17A was measured using ELISA method and tissue expression was visualized using immunohistochemistry staining method. RESULTS The results showed that allele A was significantly frequent in gastroduodenal ulcer more than that in healthy control odd ratio= 4 (1.42-10.46), and none significantly with chronic gastritis p=0.071. Serum IL-17A was significantly higher in gastroduodenal ulcer (116.45±48.09 pg/ml), chronic gastritis (78.02±30.17pg/ml) and healthy control 19.36±9.28 pg/ml).However, the serum IL-17A level is not related to the allele pattern of each group. The tissue expression was expressed as dense granular cytoplasmic and membranous of inflammatory cells. Interestingly, the percentage of IL-17A protein expression was significantly higher in gastroduodenal ulcer (38.2±16.55%), chronic gastritis (30.89±14.02%) and normal mucosa (2.8±3.02%). Furthermore, patients with strong intensity of IL-17A stained mucosa were frequently carrier for mutant allele (68%). CONCLUSION IL-17A might predispose for aggressive inflammation of advanced lesions in stomach like ulcer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haider F. Ghazi
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, AL-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Manar Mustafa
- Pharmacy Techniques Department, Institute of Medical Technology, Middle Technical University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Hayfaa M. Fahad
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Al-Iraqia University, Baghdad, Iraq
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Association between renal function and co-infection with Clonorchis sinensis and Helicobacter pylori: a cross-sectional study. BMC Infect Dis 2020; 20:868. [PMID: 33213417 PMCID: PMC7678138 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-020-05616-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Studies have shown that liver fluke infections may be associated with kidney injury and that Helicobacter pylori (Hp) may be involved in the pathogenesis of kidney diseases. However, no studies have reported the relationship between co-infection with Clonorchis sinensis (Cs) and Hp and renal function. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between co-infection with Cs and Hp and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in a general population, and gender-related differences were also investigated. Methods In the cross-sectional study, 4122 subjects from the Health Examination Center of Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine from January 2017 to December 2018 were enrolled. All participants underwent stool examination for the diagnosis of Cs infection and 13C-urea breath test (UBT) for the diagnosis of Hp infection. Participants were categorized into four groups: (1) co-infection with Cs and Hp group comprising 207 cases (Hp(+) + Cs(+) group), (2) Cs infection group comprising 1392 cases (Hp(−) + Cs(+)group), (3) Hp infection group comprising 275 cases (Hp(+) + Cs(−) group), and (4) non-infection group comprising 2248 cases (Hp(−) + Cs(−) group). Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to evaluate the relationship between co-infection with Cs and Hp and eGFR. Results Hp infection without Cs infection was present in 6.67% (275/4122) of subjects, while Cs infection without Hp infection was present in 33.77% (1392/4122) of subjects. Co-infection with Hp and Cs were present in 5.02% (207/4122) of subjects. Median age of the participants was 43 years (IQR 35–51). Most of the participants were male (2955/4122, 71.69%). Median eGFR was 96.61 ml/min/1.73 m2 (IQR 85.05–106.24). Co-infection with Cs and Hp was negatively associated with eGFR after full adjusting (β = − 1.89, 95% CI: − 3.33 to − 0.45, p = 0.01). The relationship remained significant in females (β = − 9.37, 95% CI: − 11.60 to − 7.1, p < 0.001), but not in males. Conclusion Our findings suggest that co-infection with Cs and Hp may be associated with reduced renal function in females, but not in males. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12879-020-05616-0.
Collapse
|
16
|
Xie J, Wen J, Chen C, Luo M, Hu B, Wu D, Ye J, Lin Y, Ning L, Ning Y, Li Y. Notch 1 Is Involved in CD4 + T Cell Differentiation Into Th1 Subtype During Helicobacter pylori Infection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:575271. [PMID: 33224898 PMCID: PMC7667190 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.575271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori infection induces CD4+ T differentiation cells into IFN-γ-producing Th1 cells. However, the details of mechanism underlying this process remain unclear. Notch signal pathway has been reported to regulate the differentiation of CD4+ T cells into Th1 subtype in many Th1-mediated inflammatory disorders but not yet in H. pylori infection. In the present study, the mRNA expression pattern of CD4+ T cells in H. pylori-infected patients differed from that of healthy control using Human Signal Transduction Pathway Finder RT2 Profiler PCR Array, and this alteration was associated with Notch signal pathway, as analyzed by Bioinformation. Quantitative real-time PCR showed that the mRNA expression of Notch1 and its target gene Hes-1 in CD4+ T cells of H. pylori-infected individuals increased compared with the healthy controls. In addition, the mRNA expression of Th1 master transcription factor T-bet and Th1 signature cytokine IFN-γ was both upregulated in H. pylori-infected individuals and positively correlated with Notch1 expression. The increased protein level of Notch1 and IFN-γ were also observed in H. pylori-infected individuals confirmed by flow cytometry and ELISA. In vitro, inhibition of Notch signaling decreased the mRNA expression of Notch1, Hes-1, T-bet, and IFN-γ, and reduced the protein levels of Notch1 and IFN-γ and the secretion of IFN-γ in CD4+ T cells stimulated by H. pylori. Collectively, this is the first evidence that Notch1 is upregulated and involved in the differentiation of Th1 cells during H. pylori infection, which will facilitate exploiting Notch1 as a therapeutic target for the control of H. pylori infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinling Xie
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Affiliated Xinhui People's Hospital, Southern Medical University, Jiangmen, China
| | - Junjie Wen
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuxi Chen
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meiqun Luo
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bingxin Hu
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Danlin Wu
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianbin Ye
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanqing Lin
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lijun Ning
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunshan Ning
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Li
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Algood HMS. T Cell Cytokines Impact Epithelial Cell Responses during Helicobacter pylori Infection. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 204:1421-1428. [PMID: 32152211 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1901307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this Brief Review is to highlight literature that demonstrates how cytokines made by T lymphocytes impact the gastric epithelium, especially during Helicobacter pylori infection. These cytokines effect many of the diverse functions of the epithelium and the epithelium's interactions with H. pylori The focal point of this Brief Review will be on how T cell cytokines impact antimicrobial function and barrier function and how T cell cytokines influence the development and progression of cancer. Furthermore, the modulation of epithelial-derived chemokines by H. pylori infection will be discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Holly M Scott Algood
- Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare Services, Nashville, TN 37212; Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37212; and Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37212
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Chen P, Ming S, Lao J, Li C, Wang H, Xiong L, Zhang S, Liang Z, Niu X, Deng S, Geng L, Wu M, Wu Y, Gong S. CD103 Promotes the Pro-inflammatory Response of Gastric Resident CD4 + T Cell in Helicobacter pylori-Positive Gastritis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:436. [PMID: 32974219 PMCID: PMC7472738 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
CD103 is considered as a surface marker for the resident immune cells. However, little is known about the intrinsic function of CD103 in infection and inflammation. In this study, we found that CD103 was highly expressed in CD4+T cells of the gastric mucosa from patients with H. pylori-positive gastritis. Mucosal resident CD103+CD4+T cells exhibited an increase in the CD45RO+CCR7− effector memory phenotype and high expression of the chemokine receptors CXCR3 and CCR9 compared with those in CD103−CD4+T cells. An In vitro coculture study demonstrated that H. pylori-specific antigen CagA/VacA-primed dendritic cells (DCs) induced proliferation and IFN-γ, TNF as well as IL-17 production by CD103+CD4+T cells from patients with H. pylori-positive gastritis, while blocking CD103 with a neutralizing antibody reduced proliferation and IFN-γ, TNF, and IL-17 production by CD103+CD4+T cells cocultured with DCs. Moreover, immunoprecipitation revealed that CD103 interacted with TCR α/β and CD3ζ, and activation of CD103 enhanced the phosphorylation of ZAP70 induced by the TCR signal. Finally, increased T-bet and Blimp1 levels were also observed in CD103+CD4+T cells, and activating CD103 increased T-bet and Blimp1 expression in CD4+T cells. Our results explored the intrinsic function of CD103 in gastric T cells from patients with H. pylori-positive gastritis, which may provide a therapeutic target for the treatment of gastritis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peiyu Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Siqi Ming
- Center for Infection and Immunity, Zhongshan School of Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Juanfeng Lao
- Center for Infection and Immunity, Zhongshan School of Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunna Li
- Center for Infection and Immunity, Zhongshan School of Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongli Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liya Xiong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shunxian Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zibin Liang
- Center for Infection and Immunity, Zhongshan School of Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoli Niu
- Center for Infection and Immunity, Zhongshan School of Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Simei Deng
- Center for Infection and Immunity, Zhongshan School of Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lanlan Geng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Minhao Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Center for Infection and Immunity, Zhongshan School of Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongjian Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Center for Infection and Immunity, Zhongshan School of Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sitang Gong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Aria H, Kalani M, Hodjati H, Doroudchi M. Different cytokine patterns induced by Helicobacter pylori and Lactobacillus acidophilus extracts in PBMCs of patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2020; 70:101449. [PMID: 32126431 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2020.101449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a degenerative inflammatory disease with unknown etiology. AAA is characterized by abdominal aortic dilatation more than 3 cm and is often asymptomatic, but the rupture of aneurysm can lead to death. Age, smoking and male sex are major predisposing factors of AAA. This study compares the effect of Helicobacter (H.) pylori and Lactobacillus (L.) acidophilus on the cytokine profile of PBMCs of 5 men with abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) and 5 men with normal/insignificant angiography, CT-Scan and ultrasonography results in the single-culture and in the co-culture with HUVECs. IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-9, IL-10, IL-13, IL-17A, IL-17 F, IL-21, IL-22, IFN-γ and TNF-α were measured in culture supernatants using a commercial fluorescent-labeled-bead assay. In general, CagA+ H. pylori-extract induced higher production of IFN-γ, IL-13 and IL-21 by PBMCs. Treatment of patients' PBMCs with CagA+H. pylori-extract induced Th2 cytokines while treatment of controls' PBMCs with CagA+H. pylori-extract increased Th1 cytokines. In the co-culture, however, patients' PBMCs produced Th1 cytokines irrespective of extract treatment, while controls' PBMCs produced Th2 cytokines and decreased IL-10. CagA+ H. pylori- as well as L. acidophilus-extract induced higher levels of IL-9 by controls' PBMCs in co-culture with HUVECs than patients (P = 0.05 and P = 0.01). The cytokine pattern of PBMCs induced by CagA+ H. pylori- and L. acidophilus-extracts in the co-culture with HUVECs shows differences in AAA patients and in comparison to controls. Decreased secretion of IL-9, IL-21 and IL-22 by PBMCs of patients treated with CagA+ H. pylori extract in co-culture, as opposed to non-AAA controls may indicate the active role ECs play in AAA. Simultaneous production of IL-10 and Th1 cytokines in patients and pronounced Th2 cytokines in controls in response to both bacteria may point to the inherent differences between patients and controls, which need further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Aria
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Kalani
- Prof. Alborzi Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Nemazee Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hossein Hodjati
- Department of Vascular Surgery, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mehrnoosh Doroudchi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is a Gram-negative bacterium that infects the gastric epithelia of its human host. Everyone who is colonized with these pathogenic bacteria can develop gastric inflammation, termed gastritis. Additionally, a small proportion of colonized people develop more adverse outcomes, including gastric ulcer disease, gastric adenocarcinoma, or gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma. The development of these adverse outcomes is dependent on the establishment of a chronic inflammatory response. The development and control of this chronic inflammatory response are significantly impacted by CD4+ T helper cell activity. Noteworthy, T helper 17 (Th17) cells, a proinflammatory subset of CD4+ T cells, produce several proinflammatory cytokines that activate innate immune cell antimicrobial activity, drive a pathogenic immune response, regulate B cell responses, and participate in wound healing. Therefore, this review was written to take an intricate look at the involvement of Th17 cells and their affiliated cytokines (interleukin-17A [IL-17A], IL-17F, IL-21, IL-22, and IL-26) in regulating the immune response to H. pylori colonization and carcinogenesis.
Collapse
|
21
|
Gupta N, Maurya S, Verma H, Verma VK. Unraveling the factors and mechanism involved in persistence: Host-pathogen interactions in Helicobacter pylori. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:18572-18587. [PMID: 31237031 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori and humans have one of the most complex relationships in nature. How a bacterium manages to live in one of the harshest and hostile environments is a topic of unraveling mysteries. H. pylori is a prevalent species and it colonizes the human gut of more than 50% of the world population. It infects the epithelial region of antrum and persists there for a long period. Over the time of evolution, H. pylori has developed complex strategies to extend the degree of inflammation in gastric mucosa. H. pylori needs specific adaptations for initial colonization into the host environment like helical shape, flagellar movement, chemotaxis, and the production of urease enzyme that neutralizes acidic environment of the stomach. There are several factors from the bacterium as well as from the host that participate in these complex interactions. On the other hand, to establish the persistent infection, H. pylori escapes the immune system by mimicking the host antigens. This pathogen has the ability to dodge the immune system and then persist there in the form of host cell, which leads to immune tolerance. H. pylori has an ability to manipulate its own pathogen-associated molecular patterns, which leads to an inhibition in the binding with specific pattern recognition receptors of the host to avoid immune cell detection. Also, it manipulates the host metabolic homeostasis in the gastric epithelium. Besides, it has several genes, which may get involved in the acquisition of nutrition from the host to survive longer in the host. Due to the persistence of H. pylori, it causes chronic inflammation and raises the chances of gastric cancer. This review highlights the important elements, which are certainly responsible for the persistence of H. pylori in the human host.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Kishangarh, India
| | - Shweta Maurya
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Kishangarh, India
| | - Harshvardhan Verma
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Kishangarh, India
| | - Vijay K Verma
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Kishangarh, India
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Zhang X, Liu CJ. Immune response and immune escape mechanism in Helicobacter pylori infection. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2018; 26:1832-1842. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v26.i31.1832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a Gram-negative bacterium which is parasitic on the surface of the gastric mucosa, and it is a causative agent in the development of chronic gastritis, gastric and duodenal peptic ulcer, gastric adenocarcinoma, and lymphoid tissue lymphoma associated with the gastric mucosa. After H. pylori infection, the bacterium is first recognized by the pattern recognition receptors of immune cells, which in turn causes the innate immune and adaptive immune responses, but these responses are usually insufficient to eliminate bacterial infections. H. pylori can evade the identification and clearance by the immune system by modifying and attenuating the immunogenicity of its pathogen-associated molecular patterns, regulating the immune responses of innate immune cells and T cells, and leading to persistent infection. A thorough understanding of the immune response and immune escape mechanism in H. pylori infection is of great significance for eliminating H. pylori infection and controlling the occurrence of H. pylori infection-related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, the Fourth Medical Center of the PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, China,Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Chun-Jie Liu
- Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Sierra JC, Asim M, Verriere TG, Piazuelo MB, Suarez G, Romero-Gallo J, Delgado AG, Wroblewski LE, Barry DP, Peek RM, Gobert AP, Wilson KT. Epidermal growth factor receptor inhibition downregulates Helicobacter pylori-induced epithelial inflammatory responses, DNA damage and gastric carcinogenesis. Gut 2018; 67:1247-1260. [PMID: 28473630 PMCID: PMC5671361 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2016-312888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Revised: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Gastric cancer is the third leading cause of cancer death worldwide and infection by Helicobacter pylori is the strongest risk factor. We have reported increased epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) phosphorylation in the H. pylori-induced human carcinogenesis cascade, and association with DNA damage. Our goal was to determine the role of EGFR activation in gastric carcinogenesis. DESIGN We evaluated gefitinib, a specific EGFR inhibitor, in chemoprevention of H. pylori-induced gastric inflammation and cancer development. Mice with genetically targeted epithelial cell-specific deletion of Egfr (EfgrΔepi mice) were also used. RESULTS In C57BL/6 mice, gefitinib decreased Cxcl1 and Cxcl2 expression by gastric epithelial cells, myeloperoxidase-positive inflammatory cells in the mucosa and epithelial DNA damage induced by H. pylori infection. Similar reductions in chemokines, inflammatory cells and DNA damage occurred in infected EgfrΔepi versus Egfrfl/fl control mice. In H. pylori-infected transgenic insulin-gastrin (INS-GAS) mice and gerbils, gefitinib treatment markedly reduced dysplasia and carcinoma. Gefitinib blocked H. pylori-induced activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase 1/3 (MAPK1/3) and activator protein 1 in gastric epithelial cells, resulting in inhibition of chemokine synthesis. MAPK1/3 phosphorylation and JUN activation was reduced in gastric tissues from infected wild-type and INS-GAS mice treated with gefitinib and in primary epithelial cells from EfgrΔepi versus Egfrfl/fl mice. Epithelial EGFR activation persisted in humans and mice after H. pylori eradication, and gefitinib reduced gastric carcinoma in INS-GAS mice treated with antibiotics. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that epithelial EGFR inhibition represents a potential strategy to prevent development of gastric carcinoma in H. pylori-infected individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johanna C. Sierra
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Mohammad Asim
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Thomas G. Verriere
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - M. Blanca Piazuelo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Giovanni Suarez
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Judith Romero-Gallo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Alberto G. Delgado
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Lydia E. Wroblewski
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Daniel P. Barry
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Richard M. Peek
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA,Department of Cancer Biology, Nashville, Tennessee, USA,Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Alain P. Gobert
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA,Center for Mucosal Inflammation and Cancer, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Keith T. Wilson
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA,Department of Cancer Biology, Nashville, Tennessee, USA,Center for Mucosal Inflammation and Cancer, Nashville, Tennessee, USA,Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA,Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Bagheri N, Salimzadeh L, Shirzad H. The role of T helper 1-cell response in Helicobacter pylori-infection. Microb Pathog 2018; 123:1-8. [PMID: 29936093 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a human pathogen affecting over 50% of the world population. This pathogen is usually associated with chronic inflammation of the gastric mucosa that can lead to peptic ulcer disease (PUD) and gastric cancer (GC), especially in susceptible individuals. These outcomes have been attributed to the interaction of several factors, including host genetic susceptibility, local innate and adaptive immune responses, virulence factors of H. pylori, and environmental factors. T helper (Th) cell subsets and their signature cytokines especially IFN-γ, contribute to anti-bacterial response, but at the mean time sustaining chronic inflammatory responses in the site of infection. It has been acknowledged that H. pylori-infection results in a Th1-dominant response and that inflammation of the gastric mucosa depends mainly on Th1 cell responses. But, the mechanism of the role of Th1 cell responses in H. pylori-infection has not yet been clearly explained. In this review, we will focus on the role of Th1 involved in H. pylori-infection, its interaction with Th17/Treg cells and its association with the clinical consequences of the infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nader Bagheri
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.
| | - Loghman Salimzadeh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hedayatollah Shirzad
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Minaga K, Watanabe T, Kamata K, Asano N, Kudo M. Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 1 and Helicobacter pylori infection: A review. World J Gastroenterol 2018; 24:1725-1733. [PMID: 29713127 PMCID: PMC5922992 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v24.i16.1725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 1 (NOD1) is an intracellular innate immune sensor for small molecules derived from bacterial cell components. NOD1 activation by its ligands leads to robust production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines by innate immune cells, thereby mediating mucosal host defense systems against microbes. Chronic gastric infection due to Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) causes various upper gastrointestinal diseases, including atrophic gastritis, peptic ulcers, and gastric cancer. It is now generally accepted that detection of H. pylori by NOD1 expressed in gastric epithelial cells plays an indispensable role in mucosal host defense systems against this organism. Recent studies have revealed the molecular mechanism by which NOD1 activation caused by H. pylori infection is involved in the development of chronic gastritis and gastric cancer. In this review, we have discussed and summarized how sensing of H. pylori by NOD1 mediates the prevention of chronic gastritis and gastric cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Minaga
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka 589-8511, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Watanabe
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka 589-8511, Japan
| | - Ken Kamata
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka 589-8511, Japan
| | - Naoki Asano
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi 980-8574, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Kudo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka 589-8511, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Jafarzadeh A, Larussa T, Nemati M, Jalapour S. T cell subsets play an important role in the determination of the clinical outcome of Helicobacter pylori infection. Microb Pathog 2018; 116:227-236. [PMID: 29407232 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is one of the most prevalent human pathogen and a persistent infection with this bacterium causes common pathologies, such as gastritis or peptic ulcers, and also less common but more serious pathologies, such as gastric cancer or gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma. The clinical outcome of gastrointestinal infection sustained by H. pylori is determined by the reciprocal interactions between virulence factors of the bacterium and host factors, including immune response genes. Although H. pylori induces a strong immune response, the bacterium is not eliminated. The eradication failure could be attributed to the bacterial capability to regulate helper T (Th) cell-related responses. H. pylori specific CD4+ T cells play a fundamental role in regulating host immunity and immunopathologic events. It has been documented that Th1, Th2, Th9, Th17, Th22 and T regulatory (Treg) cells, separately or in coordination with each other, can affect the outcome of the infection sustained by of H. pylori. Some studies indicated that both Th1 and Th17 cells may be protective or pathogenic, whereas Treg and Th2 cells perform anti-inflammatory impacts during H. pylori infection. This review gathers recent information regarding the association of the CD4+ T cells-mediated immunological responses and the clinical consequence of H. pylori infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdollah Jafarzadeh
- Immunology of Infectious Diseases Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Tiziana Larussa
- Department of Health Science, University of Catanzaro "Magna Graecia", 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Maryam Nemati
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Para-Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Shila Jalapour
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Abadi ATB. Strategies used by helicobacter pylori to establish persistent infection. World J Gastroenterol 2017; 23:2870-2882. [PMID: 28522905 PMCID: PMC5413782 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i16.2870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Revised: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a Gram-negative and motile bacterium that colonizes the hostile microniche of the human stomach, then persists for the host’s entire life, if not effectively treated. Clinically, H. pylori plays a causative role in the development of a wide spectrum of diseases including chronic active gastritis, peptic ulceration, gastric adenocarcinoma, and gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma. Due to the global distribution of H. pylori, it is no exaggeration to conclude that smart strategies are contributing to adaptation of the bacterium to its permanent host. Thirty-four years after the discovery of this bacterium, there are still many unanswered questions. For example, which strategies help the bacterium to survive in this inhospitable microniche? This question is slightly easier to answer if we presume the same clinical concept for both persistent infection and disease. Understanding the mechanisms governing H. pylori persistence will improve identification of the increased risk of diseases such as gastric cancer in patients infected with this bacterium. A well-defined and long-term equilibrium between the human host and H. pylori allows bacterial persistence in the gastric microniche; although this coexistence leads to a high risk of severe diseases such as gastric cancer. To escape the bactericidal activity of stomach acid, H. pylori secretes large amounts of surface-associated and cytosolic urease. The potential to avoid acidic conditions and immune evasion are discussed in order to explain the persistence of H. pylori colonization in the gastric mucosa, and data on bacterial genetic diversity are included. Information on the mechanisms related to H. pylori persistence can also provide the direction for future research concerning effective therapy and management of gastroduodenal disorders. The topics presented in the current review are important for elucidating the strategies used by H. pylori to help the bacterium persist in relation to the immune system and the many unfavorable features of living in the gastric microniche.
Collapse
|
28
|
Barrozo RM, Hansen LM, Lam AM, Skoog EC, Martin ME, Cai LP, Lin Y, Latoscha A, Suerbaum S, Canfield DR, Solnick JV. CagY Is an Immune-Sensitive Regulator of the Helicobacter pylori Type IV Secretion System. Gastroenterology 2016; 151:1164-1175.e3. [PMID: 27569724 PMCID: PMC5124400 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2016.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Peptic ulcer disease and gastric cancer are caused most often by Helicobacter pylori strains that harbor the cag pathogenicity island, which encodes a type IV secretion system (T4SS) that injects the CagA oncoprotein into host cells. cagY is an essential gene in the T4SS and has an unusual DNA repeat structure that predicts in-frame insertions and deletions. These cagY recombination events typically lead to a reduction in T4SS function in mouse and primate models. We examined the role of the immune response in cagY-dependent modulation of T4SS function. METHODS H pylori T4SS function was assessed by measuring CagA translocation and the capacity to induce interleukin (IL)8 in gastric epithelial cells. cagY recombination was determined by changes in polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment-length polymorphisms. T4SS function and cagY in H pylori from C57BL/6 mice were compared with strains recovered from Rag1-/- mice, T- and B-cell-deficient mice, mice with deletion of the interferon gamma receptor (IFNGR) or IL10, and Rag1-/- mice that received adoptive transfer of control or Ifng-/- CD4+ T cells. To assess relevance to human beings, T4SS function and cagY recombination were assessed in strains obtained sequentially from a patient after 7.4 years of infection. RESULTS H pylori infection of T-cell-deficient and Ifngr1-/- mice, and transfer of CD4+ T cells to Rag1-/- mice, showed that cagY-mediated loss of T4SS function requires a T-helper 1-mediated immune response. Loss of T4SS function and cagY recombination were more pronounced in Il10-/- mice, and in control mice infected with H pylori that expressed a more inflammatory form of cagY. Complementation analysis of H pylori strains isolated from a patient over time showed changes in T4SS function that were dependent on recombination in cagY. CONCLUSIONS Analysis of H pylori strains from mice and from a chronically infected patient showed that CagY functions as an immune-sensitive regulator of T4SS function. We propose that this is a bacterial adaptation to maximize persistent infection and transmission to a new host under conditions of a robust inflammatory response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto M Barrozo
- Center for Comparative Medicine, University of California, Davis School of Medicine, Davis, California
| | - Lori M Hansen
- Center for Comparative Medicine, University of California, Davis School of Medicine, Davis, California
| | - Anna M Lam
- Center for Comparative Medicine, University of California, Davis School of Medicine, Davis, California
| | - Emma C Skoog
- Center for Comparative Medicine, University of California, Davis School of Medicine, Davis, California
| | - Miriam E Martin
- Center for Comparative Medicine, University of California, Davis School of Medicine, Davis, California
| | - Lucy P Cai
- Center for Comparative Medicine, University of California, Davis School of Medicine, Davis, California
| | - Yong Lin
- Center for Comparative Medicine, University of California, Davis School of Medicine, Davis, California
| | - Andreas Latoscha
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Sebastian Suerbaum
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung, German Center for Infection Research, Hannover-Braunschweig Partner Site, Hannover, Germany
| | - Don R Canfield
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis School of Medicine, Davis, California
| | - Jay V Solnick
- Center for Comparative Medicine, University of California, Davis School of Medicine, Davis, California; California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis School of Medicine, Davis, California; Department of Medicine, University of California, Davis School of Medicine, Davis, California; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis School of Medicine, Davis, California.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Chonwerawong M, Avé P, Huerre M, Ferrero RL. Interferon-γ promotes gastric lymphoid follicle formation but not gastritis in Helicobacter-infected BALB/c mice. Gut Pathog 2016; 8:61. [PMID: 27895717 PMCID: PMC5117576 DOI: 10.1186/s13099-016-0142-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mouse infection studies have shown that interferon-γ (IFN-γ), a T helper 1 (Th1) cytokine, is required for the development of severe pathology induced by chronic Helicobacter infection. This finding is largely based on studies performed using mice that have polarised Th1 responses i.e. C57BL/6 animals. The current work aims to investigate the role of IFN-γ in Helicobacter-induced inflammation in BALB/c mice which have Th2-polarised immune responses. Results At 7 months post-infection with Helicobacter felis, IFN-γ deficiency in BALB/c mice had no significant effect on H. felis colonisation levels in the gastric mucosa, nor on humoral responses, or gastritis severity. Ifng−/− animals with chronic H. felis infection did, however, develop significantly fewer lymphoid follicle lesions, as well as increased IL-4 splenocyte responses, when compared with infected Ifng+/+ mice (P = 0.015 and P = 0.0004, respectively). Conclusions The work shows that in mice on a BALB/c background, IFN-γ is not required for bacterial clearance, antibody responses, nor gastric inflammation. Conversely, IFN-γ appears to play a role in the development of gastric lymphoid follicles, which are precursor lesions to mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma. This study highlights the importance of mouse host background on the susceptibility to Helicobacter-induced pathologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Chonwerawong
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, 27-31 Wright Street, Clayton, VIC 3123 Australia
| | - Patrick Avé
- Unité de Recherche et d'Expertise Histotechnologie et Pathologie, Institut Pasteur, 25-28 Rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris, France ; Unité de Histopathologie Humaine et Modèles Animaux, Institut Pasteur, 25-28 Rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris, France
| | - Michel Huerre
- Unité de Recherche et d'Expertise Histotechnologie et Pathologie, Institut Pasteur, 25-28 Rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris, France ; Département de Pathologie, Institut Curie, 26 Rue d'Ulm, 75248 Paris, France
| | - Richard L Ferrero
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, 27-31 Wright Street, Clayton, VIC 3123 Australia ; Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC Australia
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Narayana JL, Huang HN, Wu CJ, Chen JY. Efficacy of the antimicrobial peptide TP4 against Helicobacter pylori infection: in vitro membrane perturbation via micellization and in vivo suppression of host immune responses in a mouse model. Oncotarget 2016; 6:12936-54. [PMID: 26002554 PMCID: PMC4536990 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori infection is marked by a strong association with various gastric diseases, including gastritis, ulcers, and gastric cancer. Antibiotic treatment regimens have low success rates due to the rapid occurrence of resistant H. pylori strains, necessitating the development of novel anti-H. pylori strategies. Here, we investigated the therapeutic potential of a novel peptide, Tilapia Piscidin 4 (TP4), against multidrug resistant gastric pathogen H. pylori, based on its in vitro and in vivo efficacy.TP4 inhibited the growth of both antibiotic-sensitive and -resistant H. pylori (CagA+, VacA+) via membrane micelle formation, which led to membrane depolarization and extravasation of cellular constituents. During colonization of gastric tissue, H. pylori infection maintains high T regulatory subsets and a low Th17/Treg ratio, and results in expression of both pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Treatment with TP4 suppressed Treg subset populations and pro- and anti- inflammatory cytokines. TP4 restored the Th17/Treg balance, which resulted in early clearance of H. pylori density and recovery of gastric morphology. Toxicity studies demonstrated that TP4 treatment has no adverse effects in mice or rabbits. The results of this study indicate that TP4 may be an effective and safe monotherapeutic agent for the treatment of multidrug resistant H. pylori infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jayaram Lakshmaiah Narayana
- Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, Academia Sinica and National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Marine Research Station, Institute of Cellular and Orgasmic Biology, Academia Sinica, Jiaushi, Ilan, Taiwan
| | - Han-Ning Huang
- Marine Research Station, Institute of Cellular and Orgasmic Biology, Academia Sinica, Jiaushi, Ilan, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Jer Wu
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Jyh-Yih Chen
- Marine Research Station, Institute of Cellular and Orgasmic Biology, Academia Sinica, Jiaushi, Ilan, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Kronsteiner B, Bassaganya-Riera J, Philipson C, Viladomiu M, Carbo A, Abedi V, Hontecillas R. Systems-wide analyses of mucosal immune responses to Helicobacter pylori at the interface between pathogenicity and symbiosis. Gut Microbes 2016; 7:3-21. [PMID: 26939848 PMCID: PMC4856448 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2015.1116673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Revised: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/31/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is the dominant member of the gastric microbiota in over half of the human population of which 5-15% develop gastritis or gastric malignancies. Immune responses to H. pylori are characterized by mixed T helper cell, cytotoxic T cell and NK cell responses. The presence of Tregs is essential for the control of gastritis and together with regulatory CX3CR1+ mononuclear phagocytes and immune-evasion strategies they enable life-long persistence of H. pylori. This H. pylori-induced regulatory environment might contribute to its cross-protective effect in inflammatory bowel disease and obesity. Here we review host-microbe interactions, the development of pro- and anti-inflammatory immune responses and how the latter contribute to H. pylori's role as beneficial member of the gut microbiota. Furthermore, we present the integration of existing and new data into a computational/mathematical model and its use for the investigation of immunological mechanisms underlying initiation, progression and outcomes of H. pylori infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Kronsteiner
- Nutritional Immunology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory and Center for Modeling Immunity to Enteric Pathogens; Virginia Bioinformatics Institute; Virginia Tech; Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Josep Bassaganya-Riera
- Nutritional Immunology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory and Center for Modeling Immunity to Enteric Pathogens; Virginia Bioinformatics Institute; Virginia Tech; Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | | | - Monica Viladomiu
- Nutritional Immunology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory and Center for Modeling Immunity to Enteric Pathogens; Virginia Bioinformatics Institute; Virginia Tech; Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | | | - Vida Abedi
- Nutritional Immunology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory and Center for Modeling Immunity to Enteric Pathogens; Virginia Bioinformatics Institute; Virginia Tech; Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Raquel Hontecillas
- Nutritional Immunology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory and Center for Modeling Immunity to Enteric Pathogens; Virginia Bioinformatics Institute; Virginia Tech; Blacksburg, VA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Helicobacter pylori and T Helper Cells: Mechanisms of Immune Escape and Tolerance. J Immunol Res 2015. [PMID: 26525279 DOI: 10.1155/7015/981328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori colonizes the gastric mucosa of at least half of the human population, causing a worldwide infection that appears in early childhood and if not treated, it can persist for life. The presence of symptoms and their severity depend on bacterial components, host susceptibility, and environmental factors, which allow H. pylori to switch between commensalism and pathogenicity. H. pylori-driven interactions with the host immune system underlie the persistence of the infection in humans, since the bacterium is able to interfere with the activity of innate and adaptive immune cells, reducing the inflammatory response in its favour. Gastritis due to H. pylori results from a complex interaction between several T cell subsets. In particular, H. pylori is known to induce a T helper (Th)1/Th17 cell response-driven gastritis, whose impaired modulation caused by the bacterium is thought to sustain the ongoing inflammatory condition and the unsuccessful clearing of the infection. In this review we discuss the current findings underlying the mechanisms implemented by H. pylori to alter the T helper lymphocyte proliferation, thus facilitating the development of chronic infections and allowing the survival of the bacterium in the human host.
Collapse
|
33
|
Helicobacter pylori and T Helper Cells: Mechanisms of Immune Escape and Tolerance. J Immunol Res 2015; 2015:981328. [PMID: 26525279 PMCID: PMC4615206 DOI: 10.1155/2015/981328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori colonizes the gastric mucosa of at least half of the human population, causing a worldwide infection that appears in early childhood and if not treated, it can persist for life. The presence of symptoms and their severity depend on bacterial components, host susceptibility, and environmental factors, which allow H. pylori to switch between commensalism and pathogenicity. H. pylori-driven interactions with the host immune system underlie the persistence of the infection in humans, since the bacterium is able to interfere with the activity of innate and adaptive immune cells, reducing the inflammatory response in its favour. Gastritis due to H. pylori results from a complex interaction between several T cell subsets. In particular, H. pylori is known to induce a T helper (Th)1/Th17 cell response-driven gastritis, whose impaired modulation caused by the bacterium is thought to sustain the ongoing inflammatory condition and the unsuccessful clearing of the infection. In this review we discuss the current findings underlying the mechanisms implemented by H. pylori to alter the T helper lymphocyte proliferation, thus facilitating the development of chronic infections and allowing the survival of the bacterium in the human host.
Collapse
|
34
|
Li G, Wulan H, Song Z, Paik PA, Tsao ML, Goodman GM, MacEachern PT, Downey RS, Jankowska AJ, Rabinowitz YM, Learch TB, Song DZ, Yuan JJ, Zheng S, Zheng Z. Regulatory B Cell Function Is Suppressed by Smoking and Obesity in H. pylori-Infected Subjects and Is Correlated with Elevated Risk of Gastric Cancer. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0134591. [PMID: 26226399 PMCID: PMC4520600 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori infection occurs in more than half of the world’s population and is the main cause for gastric cancer. A series of lifestyle and nutritional factors, such as tobacco smoking and obesity, have been found to elevate the risk for cancer development. In this study, we sought to determine the immunological aspects during H. pylori infection and gastric cancer development. We found that B cells from H. pylori-infected patients presented altered composition and function compared to uninfected patients. IL-10-expressing CD24+CD38+ B cells were upregulated in H. pylori-infected patients, contained potent regulatory activity in inhibiting T cell pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion, and responded directly to H. pylori antigen stimulation. Interestingly, in H. pylori-infected smoking subjects and obese subjects, the number of IL-10+ B cells and CD24+CD38+ B cells were reduced compared to H. pylori-infected asymptomatic subjects. Regulatory functions mediated by CD24+CD38+ B cells were also impaired. In addition, gastric cancer positive patients had reduced IL-10-producing B cell frequencies after H. pylori-stimulation. Altogether, these data suggest that in H. pylori-infection, CD24+CD38+ B cell is upregulated and plays a role in suppressing pro-inflammatory responses, possibly through IL-10 production, a feature that was not observed in smoking and obese patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guanggang Li
- Affiliated Bayi Brain Hospital, General Hospital of Beijing Military Command, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Hasi Wulan
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Zongchang Song
- Department of Oncology, The 155th Central Hospital of PLA, Kaifeng, 475003, China
| | - Paul A Paik
- Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, United States of America
| | - Ming L Tsao
- Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, United States of America
| | - Gary M Goodman
- Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, United States of America
| | - Paul T MacEachern
- Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC, United States of America
| | - Robert S Downey
- Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC, United States of America
| | - Anna J Jankowska
- Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC, United States of America
| | - Yaron M Rabinowitz
- Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC, United States of America
| | - Thomas B Learch
- University of Maryland Medical Center. Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - David Z Song
- University Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ji J Yuan
- University Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Shihang Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110022, China
| | - Zhendong Zheng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200070, China; Department of Oncology, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, Shenyang, 110840, China
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Robinson K. Helicobacter pylori-Mediated Protection against Extra-Gastric Immune and Inflammatory Disorders: The Evidence and Controversies. Diseases 2015; 3:34-55. [PMID: 28943607 PMCID: PMC5548235 DOI: 10.3390/diseases3020034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Revised: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A large number of studies link H. pylori infection with a reduced risk of developing extra-gastric conditions such as allergy, asthma, inflammatory bowel disease, coeliac disease and multiple sclerosis. The strength of the evidence for these protective associations is quite variable, and published studies often do not agree. This review article discusses some of the reasons for these discrepancies, and the difficulties faced when designing studies. Examples of some protective disease associations are described in detail, where the evidence is most abundant and thought to be more reliable. The most convincing of these are supported by published mechanistic data, for example with animal models, or incidence of disease exacerbation in humans following H. pylori eradication. Although controversial, this field is very important as the prevalence of H. pylori is decreasing throughout the world whilst many chronic diseases are becoming more common. These trends are likely to continue in the future, therefore it is important that we fully understand if and how H. pylori confers protection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karen Robinson
- Nottingham Digestive Diseases Biomedical Research Unit, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Cook KW, Crooks J, Hussain K, O'Brien K, Braitch M, Kareem H, Constantinescu CS, Robinson K, Gran B. Helicobacter pylori infection reduces disease severity in an experimental model of multiple sclerosis. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:52. [PMID: 25762984 PMCID: PMC4327743 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent research has demonstrated that infection with the bacterial pathogen Helicobacter pylori is less common amongst patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS). We aimed to compare the prevalence of H. pylori amongst MS patients and healthy controls, and also investigated the impact of this infection on an animal model for MS, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). The H. pylori status of 71 MS patients and 42 healthy controls was determined by serology. Groups of C57BL/6 mice were infected with H. pylori, or given diluent alone as a placebo, prior to inducing EAE. Clinical scores were assessed for all mice, and spleens and spinal cord tissue were harvested. CD4+ T cell subsets were quantified by flow cytometry, and T cell proliferation assays were performed. In MS patients the seroprevalence of H. pylori was half that of healthy controls (p = 0.018). Over three independent experiments, prior H. pylori infection had a moderate effect in reducing the severity of EAE (p = 0.012). In line with this, the antigen-specific T cell proliferative responses of infected animals were significantly reduced (p = 0.001), and there was a fourfold reduction in the number of CD4+ cells in the CNS. CD4+ populations in both the CNS and the spleens of infected mice also contained greatly reduced proportions of IFNγ+, IL-17+, T-bet+, and RORγt+ cells, but the proportions of Foxp3+ cells were equivalent. There were no differences in the frequency of splenic CD4+cells expressing markers of apoptosis between infected and uninfected animals. H. pylori was less prevalent amongst MS patients. In mice, the infection exerted some protection against EAE, inhibiting both Th1 and Th17 responses. This could not be explained by the presence of increased numbers of Foxp3+ regulatory T cells, or T cell apoptosis. This is the first direct experimental evidence showing that H. pylori may provide protection against inflammatory demyelination in the CNS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine W Cook
- Nottingham Digestive Diseases Biomedical Research Unit, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Nottingham School of Medicine Nottingham, UK
| | - James Crooks
- Clinical Neurology Research Group, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Nottingham School of Medicine Nottingham, UK
| | - Khiyam Hussain
- Nottingham Digestive Diseases Biomedical Research Unit, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Nottingham School of Medicine Nottingham, UK
| | - Kate O'Brien
- Clinical Neurology Research Group, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Nottingham School of Medicine Nottingham, UK
| | - Manjit Braitch
- Clinical Neurology Research Group, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Nottingham School of Medicine Nottingham, UK
| | - Huner Kareem
- Clinical Neurology Research Group, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Nottingham School of Medicine Nottingham, UK
| | - Cris S Constantinescu
- Clinical Neurology Research Group, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Nottingham School of Medicine Nottingham, UK
| | - Karen Robinson
- Nottingham Digestive Diseases Biomedical Research Unit, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Nottingham School of Medicine Nottingham, UK
| | - Bruno Gran
- Clinical Neurology Research Group, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Nottingham School of Medicine Nottingham, UK
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Munari F, Fassan M, Capitani N, Codolo G, Vila-Caballer M, Pizzi M, Rugge M, Della Bella C, Troilo A, D'Elios S, Baldari CT, D'Elios MM, de Bernard M. Cytokine BAFF released by Helicobacter pylori-infected macrophages triggers the Th17 response in human chronic gastritis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 193:5584-94. [PMID: 25339679 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1302865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BAFF is a crucial cytokine that affects the activity of both innate and adaptive immune cells. It promotes the expansion of Th17 cells in autoimmune disorders. With this study, we investigated the BAFF/Th17 responses in Helicobacter pylori-induced gastritis in humans. Our results show that the mucosa from Helicobacter(+) patients with chronic gastritis is enriched in IL-17 and BAFF, whereas the two cytokines are weakly expressed in Helicobacter(-) patients with chronic gastritis; moreover, the expression of both BAFF and IL-17 decreases after bacteria eradication. We demonstrate that BAFF accumulates in macrophages in vivo and that it is produced by monocyte-derived macrophages in vitro, after Helicobacter stimulation. Application of BAFF on monocytes triggers the accumulation of reactive oxygen species that are crucial for the release of pro-Th17 cytokines, such as IL-23, IL-1β, and TGF-β. Moreover, BAFF directly promotes the differentiation of Th17 cells. In conclusion, our results support the notion that an axis BAFF/Th17 exists in chronic gastritis of Helicobacter(+) patients and that its presence strictly depends on the bacterium. Moreover, we demonstrated that BAFF is able to drive Th17 responses both indirectly, by creating a pro-Th17 cytokine milieu through the involvement of innate immune cells, and directly, via the differentiation of T cells toward the specific profile. The results obtained in this study are of great interest for Helicobacter-related diseases and the development of novel therapeutic strategies based on the inhibition of the BAFF/IL-17 response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Munari
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, 35121 Padua, Italy
| | - Matteo Fassan
- Centre for Applied Research on Cancer, Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Nagaja Capitani
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; and
| | - Gaia Codolo
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, 35121 Padua, Italy
| | | | - Marco Pizzi
- Surgical Pathology and Cytopathology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, 35121 Padua, Italy
| | - Massimo Rugge
- Surgical Pathology and Cytopathology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, 35121 Padua, Italy
| | - Chiara Della Bella
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Arianna Troilo
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Sofia D'Elios
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Cosima T Baldari
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; and
| | - Mario M D'Elios
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy;
| | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori colonizes mucosa, activates Toll-like and Nod-like receptors, and usually elicits a gastric T-helper 1/17 (Th1/Th17) type of immune response. Among several bacterial factors, the secreted peptidyl prolyl cis, trans-isomerase of H. pylori represents a key factor driving Th17 inflammation. A complex and fascinating balance between H. pylori and host factors takes part in the gastric niche and is responsible for the chronicity of the infection. Novel insights into the innate and adaptive responses against H. pylori, dealing with gastric epithelial cells, cytokines, and immune evasion have been elucidated over the past year and are discussed for the development of an effective vaccine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mario M D'Elios
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Chmiela M, Miszczyk E, Rudnicka K. Structural modifications of Helicobacter pylori lipopolysaccharide: An idea for how to live in peace. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:9882-9897. [PMID: 25110419 PMCID: PMC4123370 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i29.9882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Revised: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In this review, we discuss the findings and concepts underlying the “persistence mechanisms” of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), a spiral-shaped, Gram-negative rod bacterium that was discovered as a gastric pathogen by Marshall and Warren in 1984. H. pylori colonizes the gastric mucosa of nearly half of the human population. Infections appear in early childhood and, if not treated, persist for life. The presence or absence of symptoms and their severity depend on multiple bacterial components, host susceptibility and environmental factors, which allow H. pylori to switch between pathogenicity and commensalism. Many studies have shown that H. pylori components may facilitate the colonization process and the immune response of the host during the course of H. pylori infection. These H. pylori-driven interactions might result from positive or negative modulation. Among the negative immunomodulators, a prominent position is occupied by a vacuolating toxin A (VacA) and cytotoxin-associated gene A (CagA) protein. However, in light of the recent studies that are presented in this review, it is necessary to enrich this panel with H. pylori lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Together with CagA and VacA, LPS suppresses the elimination of H. pylori bacteria from the gastric mucosa by interfering with the activity of innate and adaptive immune cells, diminishing the inflammatory response, and affecting the adaptive T lymphocyte response, thus facilitating the development of chronic infections. The complex strategy of H. pylori bacteria for survival in the gastric mucosa of the host involves both structural modifications of LPS lipid A to diminish its endotoxic properties and the expression and variation of Lewis determinants, arranged in O-specific chains of H. pylori LPS. By mimicking host components, this phenomenon leaves these bacteria “invisible” to immune cells. Together, these mechanisms allow H. pylori to survive and live for many years within their hosts.
Collapse
|
40
|
Hardbower DM, Peek RM, Wilson KT. At the Bench: Helicobacter pylori, dysregulated host responses, DNA damage, and gastric cancer. J Leukoc Biol 2014; 96:201-12. [PMID: 24868089 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.4bt0214-099r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori infection is the strongest known risk factor for the development of gastric cancer. Given that ∼50% of the global population is infected with this pathogen, there is great impetus to elucidate underlying causes that mediate progression from infection to cancer. Recent evidence suggests that H. pylori-induced chronic inflammation and oxidative stress create an environment conducive to DNA damage and tissue injury. DNA damage leads to genetic instability and eventually, neoplastic transformation. Pathogen-encoded virulence factors induce a robust but futile immune response and alter host pathways that lower the threshold for carcinogenesis, including DNA damage repair, polyamine synthesis and catabolism, antioxidant responses, and cytokine production. Collectively, such dysregulation creates a protumorigenic microenvironment within the stomach. This review seeks to address each of these aspects of H. pylori infection and to call attention to areas of particular interest within this field of research. This review also seeks to prioritize areas of translational research related to H. pylori-induced gastric cancer based on insights garnered from basic research in this field. See related review by Dalal and Moss, At the Bedside: H. pylori, dysregulated host responses, DNA damage, and gastric cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dana M Hardbower
- Departments of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology and Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; and
| | - Richard M Peek
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; and Cancer Biology, and
| | - Keith T Wilson
- Departments of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology and Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; and Cancer Biology, and Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Wei L, Wang J, Liu Y. Prior to Foxp3+regulatory T-cell induction, interleukin-10-producing B cells expand afterHelicobacter pyloriinfection. Pathog Dis 2014; 72:45-54. [PMID: 24753328 DOI: 10.1111/2049-632x.12182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Revised: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lumin Wei
- Department of Gastroenterology; Peking University People's Hospital; Beijing China
| | - Jingtong Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology; Peking University People's Hospital; Beijing China
| | - Yulan Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology; Peking University People's Hospital; Beijing China
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Th1 and Th17 responses to Helicobacter pylori in Bangladeshi infants, children and adults. PLoS One 2014; 9:e93943. [PMID: 24714675 PMCID: PMC3979705 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0093943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Both Th1 and Th17 cells are important components of the immune response to Helicobacter pylori (Hp) in adults, but less is known about T cell responses to Hp during early childhood, when the infection is often acquired. We investigated Th1 and Th17 type responses to Hp in adults, children and infants in Bangladesh, where Hp is highly endemic. IL-17 and IFN-γ mRNA levels in gastric biopsies from Hp-infected Bangladeshi adults were analyzed and compared to levels in infected and uninfected Swedish controls. Since biopsies could not be collected from infants and children, cytokine responses in Bangladeshi infants (6-12 months), children (3-5 years) and adults (>19 years) were instead compared by stimulating peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with a Hp membrane preparation (MP) and analyzing culture supernatants by ELISA and cytometric bead array. We found significantly higher expression of IL-17 and IFN-γ mRNA in gastric mucosa of Hp-infected Bangladeshi and Swedish adults compared to uninfected Swedish controls. PBMCs from all age groups produced IL-17 and IFN-γ after MP stimulation, but little Th2 cytokines. IL-17 and IFN-γ were primarily produced by CD4+ T cells, since CD4+ T cell depleted PBMCs produced reduced amounts of these cytokines. Infant cells produced significantly more IL-17, but similar levels of IFN-γ, compared to adult cells after MP stimulation. In contrast, polyclonal stimulation induced lower levels IL-17 and IFN-γ in infant compared to adult PBMCs and CD4+ T cells. The strong IL-17 production in infants after MP stimulation was paralleled by significantly higher production of the IL-17 promoting cytokine IL-1β from infant compared to adult PBMCs and monocytes. In conclusion, these results show that T cells can produce high levels of IL-17 and IFN-γ in response to Hp from an early age and indicate a potential role for IL-1β in promoting Th17 responses to Hp during infancy.
Collapse
|
43
|
Protein profiling of Helicobacter pylori-associated gastric cancer. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2014; 184:1343-54. [PMID: 24589339 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2014.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Revised: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori infection is an initiating factor in the development of gastric cancer. Gastric cancer can be divided into two groups on the basis of H. pylori serological status; seropositive H. pylori status predicts favorable prognosis in patients with gastric cancer. By using the protein pathway array, we identified 20 differentially expressed proteins in primary gastric cancer tissues between the H. pylori-seropositive and H. pylori-seronegative groups. Our results indicate that both brassinosteroid insensitive 1-associated kinase 1 and calpastatin are favorable prognostic factors in H. pylori-seropositive gastric cancer patients. In contrast, dachshund homolog 1 is a favorable prognostic factor in H. pylori-seronegative gastric cancer patients. Different signaling pathways were found to be altered between H. pylori-seropositive and H. pylori-seronegative gastric cancer, which may account for the different tumorigenesis and outcomes between these two subsets of patients.
Collapse
|
44
|
Abstract
Over the last decades, it has become evident that chronic infection by Helicobacter pylori is achieved by colonizing an almost exclusive niche and hiding from many of the host's cellular immune defense mechanisms. Although recent years have seen progress in our understanding of the innate and adaptive immune response against H. pylori, it is still uncertain how to promote the development of immunity with the final goal of a successful vaccine. Research published in the last year revealed an intriguing mutual regulation of innate response mechanisms of mucosal epithelial cells by the host and H. pylori, respectively. A further focus was put on the interaction between H. pylori and dendritic cells, with some emphasis on the inflammasome and the resulting T-cell responses. Moreover, the function of microRNAs in macrophages and gastric MALT lymphoma development has been studied in more detail. Several novel antigens and adjuvants have been tested as vaccination strategies, primarily in mice. In this review, we present a concise summary of advances in the area of inflammation, immunity, and vaccines during the last twelve months.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Koch
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|