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Lagune M, Kremer L, Herrmann JL. Mycobacterium abscessus, a complex of three fast-growing subspecies sharing virulence traits with slow-growing mycobacteria. Clin Microbiol Infect 2024; 30:726-731. [PMID: 37797823 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2023.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mycobacterium abscessus belongs to the largest group of mycobacteria, the rapid-growing saprophytic mycobacteria, and is one of the most difficult-to-treat opportunistic pathogen. Several features pertain to the high adaptability of M. abscessus to the host. These include the capacity to survive and persist within amoebae, to transition from a smooth to a rough morphotype that occurs during the course of the disease and to express of a wide array of virulence factors. OBJECTIVES The main objective of this narrative review consists to report major assets of M. abscessus that contribute to the virulence of these rapid-growing saprophytic mycobacteria. Strikingly, many of these determinants, whether they are from a mycobacterial origin or acquired by horizontal gene transfer, are known virulence factors found in slow-growing and strict pathogens for humans and animals. SOURCES In the light of recent published work in the field we attempted to highlight major features characterizing M. abscessus pathogenicity and to explain why this led to the emergence of this mycobacterial species in patients with cystic fibrosis. CONTENT M. abscessus genome plasticity, the smooth-to-rough transition, and the expression of a panel of enzymes associated with virulence in other bacteria are key players in M. abscessus virulence. In addition, the very large repertoire of lipid transporters, known as mycobacterial membrane protein large and small (MmpL and MmpS respectively), deeply influences the pathogenicity of M. abscessus, as exemplified here for some of them. IMPLICATIONS All these traits largely contribute to make M. abscessus a unique mycobacterium regarding to its pathophysiological processes, ranging from the early colonization steps to the establishment of severe and chronic pulmonary diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Lagune
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Laurent Kremer
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 9004, Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM), Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France; INSERM, IRIM, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Louis Herrmann
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INSERM, U1173 Infection et Inflammation, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires Ile-de-France Ouest, GHU Paris-Saclay, Hôpital Raymond Poincaré, Garches, France.
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Gerges E, Rodríguez-Ordoñez MDP, Durand N, Herrmann JL, Crémazy F. Lsr2, a pleiotropic regulator at the core of the infectious strategy of Mycobacterium abscessus. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0352823. [PMID: 38353553 PMCID: PMC10913753 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03528-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium abscessus is a non-tuberculous mycobacterium, causing lung infections in cystic fibrosis patients. During pulmonary infection, M. abscessus switches from smooth (Mabs-S) to rough (Mabs-R) morphotypes, the latter being hyper-virulent. Previously, we isolated the lsr2 gene as differentially expressed during S-to-R transition. lsr2 encodes a pleiotropic transcription factor that falls under the superfamily of nucleoid-associated proteins. Here, we used two functional genomic methods, RNA-seq and chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing (ChIP-seq), to elucidate the molecular role of Lsr2 in the pathobiology of M. abscessus. Transcriptomic analysis shows that Lsr2 differentially regulates gene expression across both morphotypes, most of which are involved in several key cellular processes of M. abscessus, including host adaptation and antibiotic resistance. These results were confirmed through quantitative real-time PCR, as well as by minimum inhibitory concentration tests and infection tests on macrophages in the presence of antibiotics. ChIP-seq analysis revealed that Lsr2 extensively binds the M. abscessus genome at AT-rich sequences and appears to form long domains that participate in the repression of its target genes. Unexpectedly, the genomic distribution of Lsr2 revealed no distinctions between Mabs-S and Mabs-R, implying more intricate mechanisms at play for achieving target selectivity.IMPORTANCELsr2 is a crucial transcription factor and chromosome organizer involved in intracellular growth and virulence in the smooth and rough morphotypes of Mycobacterium abscessus. Using RNA-seq and chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing (ChIP-seq), we investigated the molecular role of Lsr2 in gene expression regulation along with its distribution on M. abscessus genome. Our study demonstrates the pleiotropic regulatory role of Lsr2, regulating the expression of many genes coordinating essential cellular and molecular processes in both morphotypes. In addition, we have elucidated the role of Lsr2 in antibiotic resistance both in vitro and in vivo, where lsr2 mutant strains display heightened sensitivity to antibiotics. Through ChIP-seq, we reported the widespread distribution of Lsr2 on M. abscessus genome, revealing a direct repressive effect due to its extensive binding on promoters or coding sequences of its targets. This study unveils the significant regulatory role of Lsr2, intricately intertwined with its function in shaping the organization of the M. abscessus genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias Gerges
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, Infection et inflammation, Montigny-Le-Bretonneux, France
| | - María del Pilar Rodríguez-Ordoñez
- Université Paris-Saclay, Université d’Evry, Laboratoire Européen de Recherche pour la Polyarthrite rhumatoïde-Genhotel, Evry, France
| | - Nicolas Durand
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, Infection et inflammation, Montigny-Le-Bretonneux, France
| | - Jean-Louis Herrmann
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, Infection et inflammation, Montigny-Le-Bretonneux, France
- APHP, GHU Paris-Saclay, Hôpital Raymond Poincaré, Service de Microbiologie, Garches, France
| | - Frédéric Crémazy
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, Infection et inflammation, Montigny-Le-Bretonneux, France
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Parmar S, Tocheva EI. The cell envelope of Mycobacterium abscessus and its role in pathogenesis. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011318. [PMID: 37200238 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium abscessus is a nontuberculosis mycobacterium (NTM) that has shown an exponential rise in its ability to cause disease. Due to its ubiquitous presence in the environment, M. abscessus is widely implicated in secondary exacerbations of many nosocomial infections and genetic respiratory disorders, such as cystic fibrosis (CF). Contrary to other rapidly growing NTMs, the cell envelope of M. abscessus harbors several prominent features and undergoes modifications that are responsible for its pathogenesis. Compositional changes of the mycobacterial outer membrane (MOM) significantly decrease the presence of glycopeptidolipids (GPLs) and enable the transition from a colonizing, smooth morphotype into a virulent, rough morphotype. The GPLs are transported to the MOM by the Mycobacterial membrane proteins Large (MmpL), which further act as drug efflux pumps and confer antibiotic resistance. Lastly, M. abscessus possesses 2 type VII secretion systems (T7SS): ESX-3 and ESX-4, both of which have recently been implicated in host-pathogen interactions and virulence. This review summarizes the current knowledge of M. abscessus pathogenesis and highlights the clinically relevant association between the structure and functions of its cell envelope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Parmar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Elitza I Tocheva
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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Updated Review on the Mechanisms of Pathogenicity in Mycobacterium abscessus, a Rapidly Growing Emerging Pathogen. Microorganisms 2022; 11:microorganisms11010090. [PMID: 36677382 PMCID: PMC9866562 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11010090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, Mycobacterium abscessus has appeared as an emerging pathogen, with an increasing number of disease cases reported worldwide that mainly occur among patients with chronic lung diseases or impaired immune systems. The treatment of this pathogen represents a challenge due to the multi-drug-resistant nature of this species and its ability to evade most therapeutic approaches. However, although predisposing host factors for disease are well known, intrinsic pathogenicity mechanisms of this mycobacterium are still not elucidated. Like other mycobacteria, intracellular invasiveness and survival inside different cell lines are pathogenic factors related to the ability of M. abscessus to establish infection. Some of the molecular factors involved in this process are well-known and are present in the mycobacterial cell wall, such as trehalose-dimycolate and glycopeptidolipids. The ability to form biofilms is another pathogenic factor that is essential for the development of chronic disease and for promoting mycobacterial survival against the host immune system or different antibacterial treatments. This capability also seems to be related to glycopeptidolipids and other lipid molecules, and some studies have shown an intrinsic relationship between both pathogenic mechanisms. Antimicrobial resistance is also considered a mechanism of pathogenicity because it allows the mycobacterium to resist antimicrobial therapies and represents an advantage in polymicrobial biofilms. The recent description of hyperpathogenic strains with the potential interhuman transmission makes it necessary to increase our knowledge of pathogenic mechanisms of this species to design better therapeutic approaches to the management of these infections.
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Le Moigne V, Blouquit-Laye S, Desquesnes A, Girard-Misguich F, Herrmann JL. Liposomal amikacin and Mycobacterium abscessus: intimate interactions inside eukaryotic cells. J Antimicrob Chemother 2022; 77:3496-3503. [PMID: 36253948 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkac348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mycobacterium abscessus (Mabs), a rapidly growing Mycobacterium species, is considered an MDR organism. Among the standard antimicrobial multi-drug regimens against Mabs, amikacin is considered as one of the most effective. Parenteral amikacin, as a consequence of its inability to penetrate inside the cells, is only active against extracellular mycobacteria. The use of inhaled liposomal amikacin may yield improved intracellular efficacy by targeting Mabs inside the cells, while reducing its systemic toxicity. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the colocalization of an amikacin liposomal inhalation suspension (ALIS) with intracellular Mabs, and then to measure its intracellular anti-Mabs activity. METHODS We evaluated the colocalization of ALIS with Mabs in eukaryotic cells such as macrophages (THP-1 and J774.2) or pulmonary epithelial cells (BCi-NS1.1 and MucilAir), using a fluorescent ALIS and GFP-expressing Mabs, to test whether ALIS reaches intracellular Mabs. We then evaluated the intracellular anti-Mabs activity of ALIS inside macrophages using cfu and/or luminescence. RESULTS Using confocal microscopy, we demonstrated fluorescent ALIS and GFP-Mabs colocalization in macrophages and epithelial cells. We also showed that ALIS was active against intracellular Mabs at a concentration of 32 to 64 mg/L, at 3 and 5 days post-infection. Finally, ALIS intracellular activity was confirmed when tested against 53 clinical Mabs isolates, showing intracellular growth reduction for nearly 80% of the isolates. CONCLUSIONS Our experiments demonstrate the intracellular localization and intracellular contact between Mabs and ALIS, and antibacterial activity against intracellular Mabs, showing promise for its future use for Mabs pulmonary infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Le Moigne
- Pensez à respecter la signature institutionnelle (think to respect the institutional signature): Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, Infection et inflammation, 78180, Montigny-Le-Bretonneux, France
| | - Sabine Blouquit-Laye
- Pensez à respecter la signature institutionnelle (think to respect the institutional signature): Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, Infection et inflammation, 78180, Montigny-Le-Bretonneux, France
| | - Aurore Desquesnes
- Pensez à respecter la signature institutionnelle (think to respect the institutional signature): Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, Infection et inflammation, 78180, Montigny-Le-Bretonneux, France
| | - Fabienne Girard-Misguich
- Pensez à respecter la signature institutionnelle (think to respect the institutional signature): Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, Infection et inflammation, 78180, Montigny-Le-Bretonneux, France
| | - Jean-Louis Herrmann
- Pensez à respecter la signature institutionnelle (think to respect the institutional signature): Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, Infection et inflammation, 78180, Montigny-Le-Bretonneux, France.,AP-HP, GHU Paris-Saclay, Hôpital Raymond Poincaré, Service de Microbiologie, Garches, France
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Lagune M, Le Moigne V, Johansen MD, Vásquez Sotomayor F, Daher W, Petit C, Cosentino G, Paulowski L, Gutsmann T, Wilmanns M, Maurer FP, Herrmann JL, Girard-Misguich F, Kremer L. The ESX-4 substrates, EsxU and EsxT, modulate Mycobacterium abscessus fitness. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010771. [PMID: 35960766 PMCID: PMC9401124 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
ESX type VII secretion systems are complex secretion machineries spanning across the mycobacterial membrane and play an important role in pathogenicity, nutrient uptake and conjugation. We previously reported the role of ESX-4 in modulating Mycobacterium abscessus intracellular survival. The loss of EccB4 was associated with limited secretion of two effector proteins belonging to the WXG-100 family, EsxU and EsxT, and encoded by the esx-4 locus. This prompted us to investigate the function of M. abscessus EsxU and EsxT in vitro and in vivo. Herein, we show that EsxU and EsxT are substrates of ESX-4 and form a stable 1:1 heterodimer that permeabilizes artificial membranes. While expression of esxU and esxT was up-regulated in M. abscessus-infected macrophages, their absence in an esxUT deletion mutant prevented phagosomal membrane disruption while maintaining M. abscessus in an unacidified phagosome. Unexpectedly, the esxUT deletion was associated with a hyper-virulent phenotype, characterised by increased bacterial loads and mortality in mouse and zebrafish infection models. Collectively, these results demonstrate that the presence of EsxU and EsxT dampens survival and persistence of M. abscessus during infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Lagune
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, Infection et inflammation, Montigny-Le-Bretonneux, France
| | - Vincent Le Moigne
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, Infection et inflammation, Montigny-Le-Bretonneux, France
| | - Matt D. Johansen
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 9004, Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM), Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Flor Vásquez Sotomayor
- National and WHO Supranational Reference Center for Mycobacteria, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, Borstel, Germany
| | - Wassim Daher
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 9004, Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM), Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- INSERM, IRIM, Montpellier, France
| | - Cécile Petit
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Hamburg Unit, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gina Cosentino
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, Infection et inflammation, Montigny-Le-Bretonneux, France
| | - Laura Paulowski
- National and WHO Supranational Reference Center for Mycobacteria, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, Borstel, Germany
| | - Thomas Gutsmann
- Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, Division of Biophysics, Borstel, Germany
| | - Matthias Wilmanns
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Hamburg Unit, Hamburg, Germany
- * E-mail: (MW); (FPM); (J-LH); (FG-M); (LK)
| | - Florian P. Maurer
- National and WHO Supranational Reference Center for Mycobacteria, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, Borstel, Germany
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hospital Hygiene, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- * E-mail: (MW); (FPM); (J-LH); (FG-M); (LK)
| | - Jean-Louis Herrmann
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, Infection et inflammation, Montigny-Le-Bretonneux, France
- APHP, GHU Paris-Saclay, Hôpital Raymond Poincaré, Service de Microbiologie, Garches, France
- * E-mail: (MW); (FPM); (J-LH); (FG-M); (LK)
| | - Fabienne Girard-Misguich
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, Infection et inflammation, Montigny-Le-Bretonneux, France
- * E-mail: (MW); (FPM); (J-LH); (FG-M); (LK)
| | - Laurent Kremer
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 9004, Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM), Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- INSERM, IRIM, Montpellier, France
- * E-mail: (MW); (FPM); (J-LH); (FG-M); (LK)
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Chen H, Verplaetse E, Jauslin T, Cosson P, Slamti L, Lereclus D. The Fate of Bacteria of the Bacillus cereus Group in the Amoeba Environment. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2022; 83:1088-1104. [PMID: 34342700 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-021-01828-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The Bacillus cereus sensu lato group consists of several closely related species, including B. anthracis, B. cereus sensu stricto, and B. thuringiensis. Spores of these pathogenic bacteria are commonly found in the soil but evidence suggests that they are unable to grow in such a natural environment in the absence of nutrient input. Amoebas have been reported to be an amplifier for several species of pathogenic bacteria and their potential involvement to explain the large amount of B. thuringiensis and B. cereus spores in soil has been frequently proposed. Here, we studied the fate of Bacillus and amoebas when cultured together. We show that the virulence factors produced by B. thuringiensis and B. cereus do not affect the amoeba Acanthamoeba castellanii, which, on the contrary, can phagocytose and effectively digest vegetative Bacillus cells to grow and prevent the formation of cysts. Bacterial spores can germinate in the amoeba environment and the vegetative cells can then form chains or aggregates that appear to be less efficiently phagocyted by the amoeba. The use of transcriptional fusions between fluorescent reporter genes and stationary phase- and sporulation-specific promoters showed that the sporulation process occurs more efficiently in the presence of amoebas than in their absence. Moreover, our results showed the amoeba environment to promote spore germination and allow the bacteria to complete their developmental cycle. Overall, this study suggests that the amoeba-Bacillus interaction creates a virtuous circle in which each protagonist helps the other to develop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Chen
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Emilie Verplaetse
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Tania Jauslin
- Cell Physiology and Metabolism Dpt, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1 rue Michel Servet, CH-1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Pierre Cosson
- Cell Physiology and Metabolism Dpt, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1 rue Michel Servet, CH-1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Leyla Slamti
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Didier Lereclus
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France.
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Ferrell KC, Johansen MD, Triccas JA, Counoupas C. Virulence Mechanisms of Mycobacterium abscessus: Current Knowledge and Implications for Vaccine Design. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:842017. [PMID: 35308378 PMCID: PMC8928063 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.842017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium abscessus is a member of the non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) group, responsible for chronic infections in individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF) or those otherwise immunocompromised. While viewed traditionally as an opportunistic pathogen, increasing research into M. abscessus in recent years has highlighted its continued evolution into a true pathogen. This is demonstrated through an extensive collection of virulence factors (VFs) possessed by this organism which facilitate survival within the host, particularly in the harsh environment of the CF lung. These include VFs resembling those of other Mycobacteria, and non-mycobacterial VFs, both of which make a notable contribution in shaping M. abscessus interaction with the host. Mycobacterium abscessus continued acquisition of VFs is cause for concern and highlights the need for novel vaccination strategies to combat this pathogen. An effective M. abscessus vaccine must be suitably designed for target populations (i.e., individuals with CF) and incorporate current knowledge on immune correlates of protection against M. abscessus infection. Vaccination strategies must also build upon lessons learned from ongoing efforts to develop novel vaccines for other pathogens, particularly Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb); decades of research into M. tb has provided insight into unconventional and innovative vaccine approaches that may be applied to M. abscessus. Continued research into M. abscessus pathogenesis will be critical for the future development of safe and effective vaccines and therapeutics to reduce global incidence of this emerging pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kia C. Ferrell
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- Tuberculosis Research Program, Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- *Correspondence: Kia C. Ferrell,
| | - Matt D. Johansen
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, University of Technology, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, University of Technology, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - James A. Triccas
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Institute for Infectious Diseases and the Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Claudio Counoupas
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- Tuberculosis Research Program, Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Institute for Infectious Diseases and the Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- Claudio Counoupas,
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Park EJ, Silwal P, Jo EK. Host-Pathogen Interactions Operative during Mycobacteroides abscessus Infection. Immune Netw 2022; 21:e40. [PMID: 35036027 PMCID: PMC8733189 DOI: 10.4110/in.2021.21.e40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacteroides abscessus (previously Mycobacterium abscessus; Mabc), one of rapidly growing nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), is an important pathogen of NTM pulmonary diseases (NTM-PDs) in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised individuals. Mabc infection is chronic and often challenging to treat due to drug resistance, motivating the development of new therapeutics. Despite this, there is a lack of understanding of the relationship between Mabc and the immune system. This review highlights recent progress in the molecular architecture of Mabc and host interactions. We discuss several microbial components that take advantage of host immune defenses, host defense pathways that can overcome Mabc pathogenesis, and how host-pathogen interactions determine the outcomes of Mabc infection. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying host-pathogen interactions during Mabc infection will enable the identification of biomarkers and/or drugs to control immune pathogenesis and protect against NTM infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Jin Park
- Department of Microbiology, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea.,Infection Control Convergence Research Center, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea
| | - Prashanta Silwal
- Department of Microbiology, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea.,Infection Control Convergence Research Center, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea
| | - Eun-Kyeong Jo
- Department of Microbiology, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea.,Infection Control Convergence Research Center, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea
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Le Moigne V, Roux AL, Mahoudo H, Christien G, Ferroni A, Dumitrescu O, Lina G, Bouchara JP, Plésiat P, Gaillard JL, Canaan S, Héry-Arnaud G, Herrmann JL. Serological biomarkers for the diagnosis of Mycobacterium abscessus infections in cystic fibrosis patients. J Cyst Fibros 2021; 21:353-360. [PMID: 34511392 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2021.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Culture conditions sometimes make it difficult to detect non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), particularly Mycobacterium abscessus, an emerging cystic fibrosis (CF) pathogen. The diagnosis of NTM positive cases not detected by classical culture methods might benefit from the development of a serological assay. METHODS As part of a diagnostic accuracy study, a total of 173 sera CF-patients, including 33 patients with M. abscessus positive cultures, and 31 non-CF healthy controls (HC) were evaluated. Four M. abscessus antigens were used separately, comprising two surface extracts (Interphase (INP) and a TLR2 positive extract (TLR2eF)) and two recombinant proteins (rMAB_2545c and rMAB_0555 also known as the phospholipase C (rPLC)). RESULTS TLR2eF and rPLC were the most efficient antigens to discriminate NTM-culture positive CF-patients from NTM-culture negative CF-patients. The best clinical values were obtained for the detection of M. abscessus-culture positive CF-patients; with sensitivities for the TLR2eF and rPLC of 81.2% (95% CI:65.7-92.3%) and 87.9% (95% CI:71.9-95.6%) respectively, and specificities of 88.9% (95% CI:85.3-94.8%) and 84.8% (95% CI:80.6-91.5%) respectively. When considering as positive all sera, giving a positive response in at least one of the two tests, and, as negative, all sera negative for both tests, we obtained a sensitivity of 93.9% and a specificity of 80.7% for the detection of M. abscessus-culture positive CF-patients. CONCLUSION High antibody titers against TLR2eF and rPLC were obtained in M. abscessus-culture positive CF-patients, allowing us to consider these serological markers as potential tools in the detection of CF-patients infected with M. abscessus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Le Moigne
- Université Paris Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, Infection et Inflammation, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France.
| | - Anne-Laure Roux
- Université Paris Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, Infection et Inflammation, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France; AP-HP, GHU Paris Saclay, Hôpital Ambroise Paré, Service de Microbiologie, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - Hélène Mahoudo
- Université Paris Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, Infection et Inflammation, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France
| | - Gaëtan Christien
- Université Paris Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, Infection et Inflammation, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France
| | - Agnès Ferroni
- AP-HP, GHU Paris, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Service de Microbiologie, Paris 15e, France
| | - Oana Dumitrescu
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital de la Croix Rousse-Centre de Biologie Nord, Institut des Agents Infectieux, Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Grande Rue de la Croix Rousse, 69004, Lyon, France; Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, INSERM U1111, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Gérard Lina
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital de la Croix Rousse-Centre de Biologie Nord, Institut des Agents Infectieux, Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Grande Rue de la Croix Rousse, 69004, Lyon, France; Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, INSERM U1111, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Bouchara
- CHU, Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Groupe d'Etude des Interactions Hôte-Pathogène (GEIHP, EA 3142), UNIV Angers, UNIV Brest, SFR 4208 ICAT, Angers, France
| | - Patrick Plésiat
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie, CHRU de Besançon, UMR CNRS 6249 Chrono-Environnement, Faculté de Médecine-Pharmacie, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Jean-Louis Gaillard
- Université Paris Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, Infection et Inflammation, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France; AP-HP, GHU Paris Saclay, Hôpital Ambroise Paré, Service de Microbiologie, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - Stéphane Canaan
- Université Aix-Marseille, CNRS, LISM, IMM FR3479, Marseille, France
| | - Geneviève Héry-Arnaud
- Département de bactériologie-virologie, hygiène et parasitologie-mycologie, centre hospitalier régional universitaire (CHRU) de Brest, Brest, France; Inserm, EFS, UMR 1078 France « génétique, génomique fonctionnelle et biotechnologies », GGB, université Brest, 29200 Brest, France
| | - Jean-Louis Herrmann
- Université Paris Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, Infection et Inflammation, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France; AP-HP, GHU Paris Saclay, Hôpital Raymond Poincaré, Service de Microbiologie, Garches, France.
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11
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Amoebae as Targets for Toxins or Effectors Secreted by Mammalian Pathogens. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13080526. [PMID: 34437397 PMCID: PMC8402458 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13080526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous microorganisms, pathogenic for mammals, come from the environment where they encounter predators such as free-living amoebae (FLA). The selective pressure due to this interaction could have generated virulence traits that are deleterious for amoebae and represents a weapon against mammals. Toxins are one of these powerful tools that are essential for bacteria or fungi to survive. Which amoebae are used as a model to study the effects of toxins? What amoeba functions have been reported to be disrupted by toxins and bacterial secreted factors? Do bacteria and fungi effectors affect eukaryotic cells similarly? Here, we review some studies allowing to answer these questions, highlighting the necessity to extend investigations of microbial pathogenicity, from mammals to the environmental reservoir that are amoebae.
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12
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Chalmers JD, van Ingen J, van der Laan R, Herrmann JL. Liposomal drug delivery to manage nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease and other chronic lung infections. Eur Respir Rev 2021; 30:30/161/210010. [PMID: 34289985 PMCID: PMC9488898 DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0010-2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) pulmonary disease is a chronic respiratory infection associated with declining lung function, radiological deterioration and significantly increased morbidity and mortality. Patients often have underlying lung conditions, particularly bronchiectasis and COPD. NTM pulmonary disease is difficult to treat because mycobacteria can evade host defences and antimicrobial therapy through extracellular persistence in biofilms and sequestration into macrophages. Management of NTM pulmonary disease remains challenging and outcomes are often poor, partly due to limited penetration of antibiotics into intracellular spaces and biofilms. Efficient drug delivery to the site of infection is therefore a key objective of treatment, but there is high variability in lung penetration by antibiotics. Inhalation is the most direct route of delivery and has demonstrated increased efficacy of antibiotics like amikacin compared with systemic administration. Liposomes are small, artificial, enclosed spherical vesicles, in which drug molecules can be encapsulated to provide controlled release, with potentially improved pharmacokinetics and reduced toxicity. They are especially useful for drugs where penetration of cell membranes is essential. Inhaled delivery of liposomal drug solutions can therefore facilitate direct access to macrophages in the lung where the infecting NTM may reside. A range of liposomal drugs are currently being evaluated in respiratory diseases. Liposome-encapsulated antibiotics can optimise respiratory disease treatment. Amikacin liposomal inhalation suspension is effective in nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease that has failed to convert following oral guideline-based therapy.https://bit.ly/3f3ixIu
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Affiliation(s)
- James D Chalmers
- Scottish Centre for Respiratory Research, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, UK
| | - Jakko van Ingen
- Dept of Medical Microbiology, Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jean-Louis Herrmann
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INSERM, Infection and Inflammation, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France.,APHP, Groupe Hospitalo-Universitaire Paris-Saclay, Hôpital Raymond Poincaré, Garches, France
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13
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Strong EJ, Lee S. Targeting Autophagy as a Strategy for Developing New Vaccines and Host-Directed Therapeutics Against Mycobacteria. Front Microbiol 2021; 11:614313. [PMID: 33519771 PMCID: PMC7840607 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.614313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterial disease is an immense burden worldwide. This disease group includes tuberculosis, leprosy (Hansen's disease), Buruli Ulcer, and non-tuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) disease. The burden of NTM disease, both pulmonary and ulcerative, is drastically escalating globally, especially in developed countries such as America and Australia. Mycobacteria's ability to inhibit or evade the host immune system has contributed significantly to its continued prevalence. Pre-clinical studies have highlighted promising candidates that enhance endogenous pathways and/or limit destructive host responses. Autophagy is a cell-autonomous host defense mechanism by which intracytoplasmic cargos can be delivered and then destroyed in lysosomes. Previous studies have reported that autophagy-activating agents, small molecules, and autophagy-activating vaccines may be beneficial in restricting intracellular mycobacterial infection, even with multidrug-resistant strains. This review will examine how mycobacteria evade autophagy and discusses how autophagy could be exploited to design novel TB treatment strategies, such as host-directed therapeutics and vaccines, against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and NTMs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sunhee Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
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14
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Doyle RM, Rubio M, Dixon G, Hartley J, Klein N, Coll P, Harris KA. Cross-transmission Is Not the Source of New Mycobacterium abscessus Infections in a Multicenter Cohort of Cystic Fibrosis Patients. Clin Infect Dis 2021; 70:1855-1864. [PMID: 31225586 PMCID: PMC7156781 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciz526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mycobacterium abscessus is an extensively drug–resistant pathogen that causes pulmonary disease, particularly in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. Identifying direct patient-to-patient transmission of M. abscessus is critically important in directing an infection control policy for the management of risk in CF patients. A variety of clinical labs have used molecular epidemiology to investigate transmission. However, there is still conflicting evidence as to how M. abscessus is acquired and whether cross-transmission occurs. Recently, labs have applied whole-genome sequencing (WGS) to investigate this further and, in this study, we investigated whether WGS can reliably identify cross-transmission in M. abscessus. Methods We retrospectively sequenced the whole genomes of 145 M. abscessus isolates from 62 patients, seen at 4 hospitals in 2 countries over 16 years. Results We have shown that a comparison of a fixed number of core single nucleotide variants alone cannot be used to infer cross-transmission in M. abscessus but does provide enough information to replace multiple existing molecular assays. We detected 1 episode of possible direct patient-to-patient transmission in a sibling pair. We found that patients acquired unique M. abscessus strains even after spending considerable time on the same wards with other M. abscessus–positive patients. Conclusions This novel analysis has demonstrated that the majority of patients in this study have not acquired M. abscessus through direct patient-to-patient transmission or a common reservoir. Tracking transmission using WGS will only realize its full potential with proper environmental screening, as well as patient sampling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronan M Doyle
- Department of Microbiology, Virology and Infection Control, Great Ormond Street Hospital National Health Service Foundation Trust.,National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children National Health Service Foundation Trust and University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Marc Rubio
- Departament de Genètica i Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Garth Dixon
- Department of Microbiology, Virology and Infection Control, Great Ormond Street Hospital National Health Service Foundation Trust.,National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children National Health Service Foundation Trust and University College London, United Kingdom
| | - John Hartley
- Department of Microbiology, Virology and Infection Control, Great Ormond Street Hospital National Health Service Foundation Trust.,National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children National Health Service Foundation Trust and University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Nigel Klein
- National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children National Health Service Foundation Trust and University College London, United Kingdom.,University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pere Coll
- Departament de Genètica i Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.,Servei de Microbiologia, Fundació de Gestió de l'Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kathryn A Harris
- Department of Microbiology, Virology and Infection Control, Great Ormond Street Hospital National Health Service Foundation Trust.,National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children National Health Service Foundation Trust and University College London, United Kingdom
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15
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Le Moigne V, Roux AL, Jobart-Malfait A, Blanc L, Chaoui K, Burlet-Schiltz O, Gaillard JL, Canaan S, Nigou J, Herrmann JL. A TLR2-Activating Fraction From Mycobacterium abscessus Rough Variant Demonstrates Vaccine and Diagnostic Potential. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:432. [PMID: 32984067 PMCID: PMC7481331 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium abscessus is a prevalent pathogenic mycobacterium in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients and one of the most highly drug resistant mycobacterial species to antimicrobial agents. It possesses the property to transition from a smooth (S) to a rough (R) morphotype, thereby influencing the host innate immune response. This transition from the S to the R morphotype takes place in patients with an exacerbation of the disease and a persistence of M. abscessus. We have previously shown that the exacerbation of the Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2)-mediated inflammatory response, following this S to R transition, is essentially due to overproduction of bacilli cell envelope surface compounds, which we were able to extract by mechanical treatment and isolation by solvent partition in a fraction called interphase. Here, we set up a purification procedure guided by bioactivity to isolate a fraction from the R variant of M. abscessus cells which exhibits a high TLR2 stimulating activity, referred to as TLR2-enriched fraction (TLR2eF). As expected, TLR2eF was found to contain several lipoproteins and proteins known to be stimuli for TLR2. Vaccination with TLR2eF showed no protection toward an M. abscessus aerosol challenge, but provided mild protection in ΔF508 mice and their FVB littermates when intravenously challenged by M. abscessus. Interestingly however, antibodies against TLR2eF compounds were detected during disease in CF patients. In conclusion, we show the potential for compounds in TLR2eF as vaccine and diagnostic candidates, in order to enhance diagnosis, prevent and/or treat M. abscessus-related infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Le Moigne
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, Infection et inflammation, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France
| | - Anne-Laure Roux
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, Infection et inflammation, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France
| | - Aude Jobart-Malfait
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, Infection et inflammation, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France
| | - Landry Blanc
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Karima Chaoui
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Odile Burlet-Schiltz
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Louis Gaillard
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, Infection et inflammation, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France
| | - Stéphane Canaan
- Université Aix-Marseille, CNRS, LISM, IMM FR3479, Marseille, France
| | - Jérôme Nigou
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Louis Herrmann
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, Infection et inflammation, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France.,APHP, GHU Paris-Saclay, Hôpital Raymond Poincaré, Service de Microbiologie, Garches, France
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16
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Pereira AC, Ramos B, Reis AC, Cunha MV. Non-Tuberculous Mycobacteria: Molecular and Physiological Bases of Virulence and Adaptation to Ecological Niches. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8091380. [PMID: 32916931 PMCID: PMC7563442 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8091380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are paradigmatic colonizers of the total environment, circulating at the interfaces of the atmosphere, lithosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere, and anthroposphere. Their striking adaptive ecology on the interconnection of multiple spheres results from the combination of several biological features related to their exclusive hydrophobic and lipid-rich impermeable cell wall, transcriptional regulation signatures, biofilm phenotype, and symbiosis with protozoa. This unique blend of traits is reviewed in this work, with highlights to the prodigious plasticity and persistence hallmarks of NTM in a wide diversity of environments, from extreme natural milieus to microniches in the human body. Knowledge on the taxonomy, evolution, and functional diversity of NTM is updated, as well as the molecular and physiological bases for environmental adaptation, tolerance to xenobiotics, and infection biology in the human and non-human host. The complex interplay between individual, species-specific and ecological niche traits contributing to NTM resilience across ecosystems are also explored. This work hinges current understandings of NTM, approaching their biology and heterogeneity from several angles and reinforcing the complexity of these microorganisms often associated with a multiplicity of diseases, including pulmonary, soft-tissue, or milliary. In addition to emphasizing the cornerstones of knowledge involving these bacteria, we identify research gaps that need to be addressed, stressing out the need for decision-makers to recognize NTM infection as a public health issue that has to be tackled, especially when considering an increasingly susceptible elderly and immunocompromised population in developed countries, as well as in low- or middle-income countries, where NTM infections are still highly misdiagnosed and neglected.
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Affiliation(s)
- André C. Pereira
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c), Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal; (A.C.P.); (B.R.); (A.C.R.)
- Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Beatriz Ramos
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c), Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal; (A.C.P.); (B.R.); (A.C.R.)
- Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana C. Reis
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c), Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal; (A.C.P.); (B.R.); (A.C.R.)
- Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Mónica V. Cunha
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c), Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal; (A.C.P.); (B.R.); (A.C.R.)
- Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-217-500-000 (ext. 22461)
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17
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García-Coca M, Aguilera-Correa JJ, Ibáñez-Apesteguía A, Rodríguez-Sevilla G, Romera-García D, Mahíllo-Fernández I, Reina G, Fernández-Alonso M, Leiva J, Muñoz-Egea MC, Del Pozo JL, Esteban J. Non-pigmented rapidly growing mycobacteria smooth and rough colony phenotypes pathogenicity evaluated using in vitro and experimental models. Pathog Dis 2020; 77:5568367. [PMID: 31583400 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftz051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-pigmented rapidly growing mycobacteria (NPRGM) are widely distributed in water, soil and animals. It has been observed an increasing importance of NPRGM related-infections, particularly due to the high antimicrobial resistance. NPRGM have rough and smooth colony phenotypes, and several studies have showed that rough colony variants are more virulent than smooth ones. However, other studies have failed to validate this observation. In this study, we have performed two models, invitro and in vivo, in order to assess the different pathogenicity of these two phenotypes. We used collection and clinical strains of Mycobacteriumabscessus, Mycobacterium fortuitum and Mycobacteriumchelonae. On the invitro model (macrophages), phagocytosis was higher for M. abscessus and M. fortuitum rough colony variant strains when compared to smooth colony variants. However, we did not find differences with colonial variants of M. chelonae. Survival of Galleriamellonella larvae in the experimental model was lower for M. abscessus and M. fortuitum rough colony variants when compared with larvae infected with smooth colony variants. We did not find differences in larvae infected with M. chelonae.Results of our in vivo study correlated well with the experimental model. This fact could have implications on the interpretation of the clinical significance of the NPRGM isolate colonial variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta García-Coca
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, UAM, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | - David Romera-García
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, UAM, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Gabriel Reina
- Microbiology Service, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | | | - José Leiva
- Microbiology Service, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | | | - José Luis Del Pozo
- Microbiology Service and Infectious Diseases Area, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Jaime Esteban
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, UAM, 28040, Madrid, Spain
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18
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Maggioncalda EC, Story-Roller E, Mylius J, Illei P, Basaraba RJ, Lamichhane G. A mouse model of pulmonary Mycobacteroides abscessus infection. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3690. [PMID: 32111900 PMCID: PMC7048719 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60452-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
There is no preclinical mouse model to investigate pulmonary Mycobacteroides abscessus (formerly Mycobacterium abscessus) infection in an immunocompetent mouse strain, especially in the context of antibiotic testing and regimen development. We developed a mouse model of pulmonary M. abscessus infection using the aerosolized route of infection that leads to an increase in bacterial burden post- implantation and develops pathology as a result. In this mouse model, treatment with corticosteroid allows for initial proliferation and sustained M. abscessus pulmonary infection and permits evaluation of efficacies of antibiotics. Administration of corticosteroids that permitted higher levels of bacterial burden in the lungs were more likely to have pathology. Treatment of mice with antibiotics administered intranasally or subcutaneously significantly reduced lung M. abscessus burden. In addition to the reference strain, independent clinical isolates of M. abscessus also readily establish infection and proliferate in the lungs of mice in this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily C Maggioncalda
- Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Elizabeth Story-Roller
- Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Julian Mylius
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Peter Illei
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.,Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Randall J Basaraba
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Gyanu Lamichhane
- Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.
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19
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Johansen MD, Herrmann JL, Kremer L. Non-tuberculous mycobacteria and the rise of Mycobacterium abscessus. Nat Rev Microbiol 2020; 18:392-407. [PMID: 32086501 DOI: 10.1038/s41579-020-0331-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 364] [Impact Index Per Article: 91.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Infections caused by non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are increasing globally and are notoriously difficult to treat due to intrinsic resistance of these bacteria to many common antibiotics. NTM are diverse and ubiquitous in the environment, with only a few species causing serious and often opportunistic infections in humans, including Mycobacterium abscessus. This rapidly growing mycobacterium is one of the most commonly identified NTM species responsible for severe respiratory, skin and mucosal infections in humans. It is often regarded as one of the most antibiotic-resistant mycobacteria, leaving us with few therapeutic options. In this Review, we cover the proposed infection process of M. abscessus, its virulence factors and host interactions and highlight the commonalities and differences of M. abscessus with other NTM species. Finally, we discuss drug resistance mechanisms and future therapeutic options. Taken together, this knowledge is essential to further our understanding of this overlooked and neglected global threat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matt D Johansen
- Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 9004, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Louis Herrmann
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, Infection et Inflammation, Montigny-Le-Bretonneux, France.,AP-HP. GHU Paris Saclay, Hôpital Raymond Poincaré, Garches, France
| | - Laurent Kremer
- Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 9004, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France. .,Inserm, Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
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20
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Dubois V, Pawlik A, Bories A, Le Moigne V, Sismeiro O, Legendre R, Varet H, Rodríguez-Ordóñez MDP, Gaillard JL, Coppée JY, Brosch R, Herrmann JL, Girard-Misguich F. Mycobacterium abscessus virulence traits unraveled by transcriptomic profiling in amoeba and macrophages. PLoS Pathog 2019; 15:e1008069. [PMID: 31703112 PMCID: PMC6839843 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Free-living amoebae are thought to represent an environmental niche in which amoeba-resistant bacteria may evolve towards pathogenicity. To get more insights into factors playing a role for adaptation to intracellular life, we characterized the transcriptomic activities of the emerging pathogen Mycobacterium abscessus in amoeba and murine macrophages (Mϕ) and compared them with the intra-amoebal transcriptome of the closely related, but less pathogenic Mycobacterium chelonae. Data on up-regulated genes in amoeba point to proteins that allow M. abscessus to resist environmental stress and induce defense mechanisms, as well as showing a switch from carbohydrate carbon sources to fatty acid metabolism. For eleven of the most upregulated genes in amoeba and/or Mϕ, we generated individual gene knock-out M. abscessus mutant strains, from which ten were found to be attenuated in amoeba and/or Mϕ in subsequence virulence analyses. Moreover, transfer of two of these genes into the genome of M. chelonae increased the intra-Mϕ survival of the recombinant strain. One knock-out mutant that had the gene encoding Eis N-acetyl transferase protein (MAB_4532c) deleted, was particularly strongly attenuated in Mϕ. Taken together, M. abscessus intra-amoeba and intra-Mϕ transcriptomes revealed the capacity of M. abscessus to adapt to an intracellular lifestyle, with amoeba largely contributing to the enhancement of M. abscessus intra-Mϕ survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violaine Dubois
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, Infection et inflammation, Montigny-Le-Bretonneux, France
| | - Alexandre Pawlik
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Pathogénomique Mycobactérienne intégrée, UMR3525 CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Anouchka Bories
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, Infection et inflammation, Montigny-Le-Bretonneux, France
| | - Vincent Le Moigne
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, Infection et inflammation, Montigny-Le-Bretonneux, France
| | - Odile Sismeiro
- Institut Pasteur—Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Hub—C3BI, USR 3756 IP CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Rachel Legendre
- Institut Pasteur—Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Hub—C3BI, USR 3756 IP CNRS, Paris, France
- Institut Pasteur—Transcriptome and Epigenome Platform—Biomics Pole—CITECH, Paris, France
| | - Hugo Varet
- Institut Pasteur—Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Hub—C3BI, USR 3756 IP CNRS, Paris, France
- Institut Pasteur—Transcriptome and Epigenome Platform—Biomics Pole—CITECH, Paris, France
| | | | - Jean-Louis Gaillard
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, Infection et inflammation, Montigny-Le-Bretonneux, France
- AP-HP. GHU Paris Saclay, Hôpital Ambroise Paré, Boulogne Billancourt, France
| | - Jean-Yves Coppée
- Institut Pasteur—Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Hub—C3BI, USR 3756 IP CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Roland Brosch
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Pathogénomique Mycobactérienne intégrée, UMR3525 CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Louis Herrmann
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, Infection et inflammation, Montigny-Le-Bretonneux, France
- AP-HP. GHU Paris Saclay, Hôpital Raymond Poincaré, Garches, France
| | - Fabienne Girard-Misguich
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, Infection et inflammation, Montigny-Le-Bretonneux, France
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Synergistic Efficacy of β-Lactam Combinations against Mycobacterium abscessus Pulmonary Infection in Mice. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2019; 63:AAC.00614-19. [PMID: 31109979 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00614-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium abscessus is an emerging pathogen capable of causing invasive pulmonary infections in patients with chronic lung diseases. These infections are difficult to treat, necessitating prolonged multidrug therapy, which is further complicated by extensive intrinsic and acquired resistance exhibited by clinical M. abscessus isolates. Therefore, development of novel treatment regimens effective against drug-resistant strains is crucial. Prior studies have demonstrated synergistic efficacy of several β-lactams against M. abscessus in vitro; however, these combinations have never been tested in an animal model of M. abscessus pulmonary disease. We utilized a recently developed murine system of sustained M. abscessus lung infection delivered via an aerosol route to test the bactericidal efficacy of four novel dual β-lactam combinations and one β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor combination. All five of the novel combinations exhibited synergy and resulted in at least 6-log10 reductions in bacterial burden in the lungs of mice at 4 weeks compared to untreated controls (P = 0.038).
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22
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Le Moigne V, Bernut A, Cortès M, Viljoen A, Dupont C, Pawlik A, Gaillard JL, Misguich F, Crémazy F, Kremer L, Herrmann JL. Lsr2 Is an Important Determinant of Intracellular Growth and Virulence in Mycobacterium abscessus. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:905. [PMID: 31114557 PMCID: PMC6503116 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium abscessus, a pathogen responsible for severe lung infections in cystic fibrosis patients, exhibits either smooth (S) or rough (R) morphotypes. The S-to-R transition correlates with inhibition of the synthesis and/or transport of glycopeptidolipids (GPLs) and is associated with an increase of pathogenicity in animal and human hosts. Lsr2 is a small nucleoid-associated protein highly conserved in mycobacteria, including M. abscessus, and is a functional homolog of the heat-stable nucleoid-structuring protein (H-NS). It is essential in Mycobacterium tuberculosis but not in the non-pathogenic model organism Mycobacterium smegmatis. It acts as a master transcriptional regulator of multiple genes involved in virulence and immunogenicity through binding to AT-rich genomic regions. Previous transcriptomic studies, confirmed here by quantitative PCR, showed increased expression of lsr2 (MAB_0545) in R morphotypes when compared to their S counterparts, suggesting a possible role of this protein in the virulence of the R form. This was addressed by generating lsr2 knock-out mutants in both S (Δlsr2-S) and R (Δlsr2-R) variants, demonstrating that this gene is dispensable for M. abscessus growth. We show that the wild-type S variant, Δlsr2-S and Δlsr2-R strains were more sensitive to H2O2 as compared to the wild-type R variant of M. abscessus. Importantly, virulence of the Lsr2 mutants was considerably diminished in cellular models (macrophage and amoeba) as well as in infected animals (mouse and zebrafish). Collectively, these results emphasize the importance of Lsr2 in M. abscessus virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Audrey Bernut
- UMR 9004, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Albertus Viljoen
- UMR 9004, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Christian Dupont
- UMR 9004, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Alexandre Pawlik
- Unité de Pathogénomique Mycobactérienne, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Louis Gaillard
- 2I, UVSQ, INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France.,APHP, GHU PIFO, Hôpital Raymond-Poincaré - Hôpital Ambroise-Paré, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | | | | | - Laurent Kremer
- UMR 9004, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,INSERM, Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Louis Herrmann
- 2I, UVSQ, INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France.,APHP, GHU PIFO, Hôpital Raymond-Poincaré - Hôpital Ambroise-Paré, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
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23
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Behra PRK, Das S, Pettersson BMF, Shirreff L, DuCote T, Jacobsson KG, Ennis DG, Kirsebom LA. Extended insight into the Mycobacterium chelonae-abscessus complex through whole genome sequencing of Mycobacterium salmoniphilum outbreak and Mycobacterium salmoniphilum-like strains. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4603. [PMID: 30872669 PMCID: PMC6418233 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40922-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the Mycobacterium chelonae-abscessus complex (MCAC) are close to the mycobacterial ancestor and includes both human, animal and fish pathogens. We present the genomes of 14 members of this complex: the complete genomes of Mycobacterium salmoniphilum and Mycobacterium chelonae type strains, seven M. salmoniphilum isolates, and five M. salmoniphilum-like strains including strains isolated during an outbreak in an animal facility at Uppsala University. Average nucleotide identity (ANI) analysis and core gene phylogeny revealed that the M. salmoniphilum-like strains are variants of the human pathogen Mycobacterium franklinii and phylogenetically close to Mycobacterium abscessus. Our data further suggested that M. salmoniphilum separates into three branches named group I, II and III with the M. salmoniphilum type strain belonging to group II. Among predicted virulence factors, the presence of phospholipase C (plcC), which is a major virulence factor that makes M. abscessus highly cytotoxic to mouse macrophages, and that M. franklinii originally was isolated from infected humans make it plausible that the outbreak in the animal facility was caused by a M. salmoniphilum-like strain. Interestingly, M. salmoniphilum-like was isolated from tap water suggesting that it can be present in the environment. Moreover, we predicted the presence of mutational hotspots in the M. salmoniphilum isolates and 26% of these hotspots overlap with genes categorized as having roles in virulence, disease and defense. We also provide data about key genes involved in transcription and translation such as sigma factor, ribosomal protein and tRNA genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phani Rama Krishna Behra
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Box 596, Biomedical Centre, SE-751 24, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sarbashis Das
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Box 596, Biomedical Centre, SE-751 24, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - B M Fredrik Pettersson
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Box 596, Biomedical Centre, SE-751 24, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lisa Shirreff
- Department of Biology, University of Louisiana, Lafayette, Louisiana, USA
| | - Tanner DuCote
- Department of Biology, University of Louisiana, Lafayette, Louisiana, USA
| | | | - Don G Ennis
- Department of Biology, University of Louisiana, Lafayette, Louisiana, USA
| | - Leif A Kirsebom
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Box 596, Biomedical Centre, SE-751 24, Uppsala, Sweden.
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24
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Girard-Misguich F, Laencina L, Dubois V, Le Moigne V, Kremer L, Maljessi L, Brosch R, Herrmann JL. [The most ancestral mycobacterial ESX-4 secretion system is essential for intracellular growth of Mycobacterium abscessus within environmental and human phagocytes]. Med Sci (Paris) 2018; 34:795-797. [PMID: 30451667 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2018196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura Laencina
- Université de Versailles Saint Quentin en Yvelines, Inserm UMR1173, 78000 Versailles, France
| | - Violaine Dubois
- Université de Versailles Saint Quentin en Yvelines, Inserm UMR1173, 78000 Versailles, France
| | - Vincent Le Moigne
- Université de Versailles Saint Quentin en Yvelines, Inserm UMR1173, 78000 Versailles, France
| | - Laurent Kremer
- Institut de recherche en infectiologie de Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, CNRS UMR 9004, 34293 Montpellier, France - Inserm, institut de recherche en infectiologie de Montpellier, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Laleh Maljessi
- Unité de pathogénomique mycobactérienne, institut Pasteur, 25, rue du Docteur Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Roland Brosch
- Unité de pathogénomique mycobactérienne, institut Pasteur, 25, rue du Docteur Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Jean-Louis Herrmann
- Université de Versailles Saint Quentin en Yvelines, Inserm UMR1173, 78000 Versailles, France - Hôpitaux universitaires Île de France Ouest, Ambroise Paré, Boulogne et Raymond Poincaré, 92380 Garches, France
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25
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Dubois V, Viljoen A, Laencina L, Le Moigne V, Bernut A, Dubar F, Blaise M, Gaillard JL, Guérardel Y, Kremer L, Herrmann JL, Girard-Misguich F. MmpL8 MAB controls Mycobacterium abscessus virulence and production of a previously unknown glycolipid family. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E10147-E10156. [PMID: 30301802 PMCID: PMC6205491 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1812984115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium abscessus is a peculiar rapid-growing Mycobacterium (RGM) capable of surviving within eukaryotic cells thanks to an arsenal of virulence genes also found in slow-growing mycobacteria (SGM), such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis A screen based on the intracellular survival in amoebae and macrophages (MΦ) of an M. abscessus transposon mutant library revealed the important role of MAB_0855, a yet uncharacterized Mycobacterial membrane protein Large (MmpL). Large-scale comparisons with SGM and RGM genomes uncovered MmpL12 proteins as putative orthologs of MAB_0855 and a locus-scale synteny between the MAB_0855 and Mycobacterium chelonae mmpL8 loci. A KO mutant of the MAB_0855 gene, designated herein as mmpL8MAB , had impaired adhesion to MΦ and displayed a decreased intracellular viability. Despite retaining the ability to block phagosomal acidification, like the WT strain, the mmpL8MAB mutant was delayed in damaging the phagosomal membrane and in making contact with the cytosol. Virulence attenuation of the mutant was confirmed in vivo by impaired zebrafish killing and a diminished propensity to induce granuloma formation. The previously shown role of MmpL in lipid transport prompted us to investigate the potential lipid substrates of MmpL8MAB Systematic lipid analysis revealed that MmpL8MAB was required for the proper expression of a glycolipid entity, a glycosyl diacylated nonadecyl diol (GDND) alcohol comprising different combinations of oleic and stearic acids. This study shows the importance of MmpL8MAB in modifying interactions between the bacteria and phagocytic cells and in the production of a previously unknown glycolipid family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violaine Dubois
- Université de Versailles Saint Quentin en Yvelines, INSERM UMR1173, 78000 Versailles, France
| | - Albertus Viljoen
- CNRS UMR 9004, Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Laura Laencina
- Université de Versailles Saint Quentin en Yvelines, INSERM UMR1173, 78000 Versailles, France
| | - Vincent Le Moigne
- Université de Versailles Saint Quentin en Yvelines, INSERM UMR1173, 78000 Versailles, France
| | - Audrey Bernut
- CNRS UMR 9004, Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Faustine Dubar
- Université de Lille, CNRS UMR 8576, Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Mickaël Blaise
- CNRS UMR 9004, Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Louis Gaillard
- Université de Versailles Saint Quentin en Yvelines, INSERM UMR1173, 78000 Versailles, France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Groupement Hospitalier Universitaire Paris Ile de France Ouest, Hôpital Raymond Poincaré, Hôpital Ambroise Paré, 92380 Garches, Boulogne Billancourt, France
| | - Yann Guérardel
- Université de Lille, CNRS UMR 8576, Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Laurent Kremer
- CNRS UMR 9004, Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, 34293 Montpellier, France
- INSERM, Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Louis Herrmann
- Université de Versailles Saint Quentin en Yvelines, INSERM UMR1173, 78000 Versailles, France;
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Groupement Hospitalier Universitaire Paris Ile de France Ouest, Hôpital Raymond Poincaré, Hôpital Ambroise Paré, 92380 Garches, Boulogne Billancourt, France
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26
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Dubois V, Laencina L, Bories A, Le Moigne V, Pawlik A, Herrmann JL, Girard-Misguich F. Identification of Virulence Markers of Mycobacterium abscessus for Intracellular Replication in Phagocytes. J Vis Exp 2018. [PMID: 30320743 DOI: 10.3791/57766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
What differentiates Mycobacterium abscessus from other saprophytic mycobacteria is the ability to resist phagocytosis by human macrophages and the ability to multiply inside such cells. These virulence traits render M. abscessus pathogenic, especially in vulnerable hosts with underlying structural lung disease, such as cystic fibrosis, bronchiectasis or tuberculosis. How patients become infected with M. abscessus remains unclear. Unlike many mycobacteria, M. abscessus is not found in the environment but might reside inside amoebae, environmental phagocytes that represent a potential reservoir for M. abscessus. Indeed, M. abscessus is resistant to amoebal phagocytosis and the intra-amoeba life seems to increase M. abscessus virulence in an experimental model of infection. However, little is known about M. abscessus virulence in itself. To decipher the genes conferring an advantage to M. abscessus intracellular life, a screening of a M. abscessus transposon mutant library was developed. In parallel, a method of RNA extraction from intracellular Mycobacteria after co-culture with amoebae was developed. This method was validated and allowed the sequencing of whole M. abscessus transcriptomes inside the cells; providing, for the first time, a global view on M. abscessus adaptation to intracellular life. Both approaches give us an insight into M. abscessus virulence factors that enable M. abscessus to colonize the airways in humans.
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27
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Oliveira FM, Da Costa AC, Procopio VO, Garcia W, Araújo JN, Da Silva RA, Junqueira-Kipnis AP, Kipnis A. Mycobacterium abscessus subsp. massiliense mycma_0076 and mycma_0077 Genes Code for Ferritins That Are Modulated by Iron Concentration. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1072. [PMID: 29910777 PMCID: PMC5992710 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium abscessus complex has been characterized in the last decade as part of a cluster of mycobacteria that evolved from an opportunistic to true human pathogen; however, the factors responsible for pathogenicity are still undefined. It appears that the success of mycobacterial infection is intrinsically related with the capacity of the bacteria to regulate intracellular iron levels, mostly using iron storage proteins. This study evaluated two potential M. abscessus subsp. massiliense genes involved in iron storage. Unlike other opportunist or pathogenic mycobacteria studied, M. abscessus complex has two genes similar to ferritins from M. tuberculosis (Rv3841), and in M. abscessus subsp. massiliense, those genes are annotated as mycma_0076 and mycma_0077. Molecular dynamic analysis of the predicted expressed proteins showed that they have a ferroxidase center. The expressions of mycma_0076 and mycma_0077 genes were modulated by the iron levels in both in vitro cultures as well as infected macrophages. Structural studies using size-exclusion chromatography, circular dichroism spectroscopy and dynamic light scattering showed that r0076 protein has a structure similar to those observed in the ferritin family. The r0076 forms oligomers in solution most likely composed of 24 subunits. Functional studies with recombinant proteins, obtained from heterologous expression of mycma_0076 and mycma_0077 genes in Escherichia coli, showed that both proteins were capable of oxidizing Fe2+ into Fe3+, demonstrating that these proteins have a functional ferroxidase center. In conclusion, two ferritins proteins were shown, for the first time, to be involved in iron storage in M. abscessus subsp. massiliense and their expressions were modulated by the iron levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fábio M. Oliveira
- Tropical Institute of Pathology and Public Health, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, Parasitology and Pathology, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Adeliane C. Da Costa
- Tropical Institute of Pathology and Public Health, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, Parasitology and Pathology, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Victor O. Procopio
- Tropical Institute of Pathology and Public Health, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, Parasitology and Pathology, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Wanius Garcia
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Santo André, Brazil
| | - Juscemácia N. Araújo
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Santo André, Brazil
| | - Roosevelt A. Da Silva
- Collaborative Center of Biosystems, Regional Jataí, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Junqueira-Kipnis
- Tropical Institute of Pathology and Public Health, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, Parasitology and Pathology, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - André Kipnis
- Tropical Institute of Pathology and Public Health, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, Parasitology and Pathology, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
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29
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Viljoen A, Gutiérrez AV, Dupont C, Ghigo E, Kremer L. A Simple and Rapid Gene Disruption Strategy in Mycobacterium abscessus: On the Design and Application of Glycopeptidolipid Mutants. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2018; 8:69. [PMID: 29594066 PMCID: PMC5861769 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2018.00069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Little is known about the disease-causing genetic determinants that are used by Mycobacterium abscessus, increasingly acknowledged as an important emerging pathogen, notably in cystic fibrosis. The presence or absence of surface exposed glycopeptidolipids (GPL) conditions the smooth (S) or rough (R) M. abscessus subsp. abscessus (M. abscessus) variants, respectively, which are characterized by distinct infective programs. However, only a handful of successful gene knock-out and conditional mutants have been reported in M. abscessus, testifying that genetic manipulation of this mycobacterium is difficult. To facilitate gene disruption and generation of conditional mutants in M. abscessus, we have designed a one-step single cross-over system that allows the rapid and simple generation of such mutants. Cloning of as small as 300 bp of the target gene allows for efficient homologous recombination to occur without additional exogenous recombination-promoting factors. The presence of tdTomato on the plasmids allows easily sifting out the large background of mutants spontaneously resistant to antibiotics. Using this strategy in the S genetic background and the target gene mmpL4a, necessary for GPL synthesis and transport, nearly 100% of red fluorescent clones exhibited a rough morphotype and lost GPL on the surface, suggesting that most red fluorescent colonies obtained after transformation incorporated the plasmid through homologous recombination into the chromosome. This system was further exploited to generate another strain with reduced GPL levels to explore how the presence of these cell wall-associated glycolipids influences M. abscessus hydrophobicity as well as virulence in the zebrafish model of infection. This mutant exhibited a more pronounced killing phenotype in zebrafish embryos compared to its S progenitor and this effect correlated with the production of abscesses in the central nervous system. Overall, these results suggest that the near-complete absence of GPL on the bacterial surface is a necessary condition for optimal pathogenesis of this mycobacterium. They also suggest that GPL content affects hydrophobicity of M. abscessus, potentially altering the aerosol transmission, which is of particular importance from an epidemiological and clinical perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albertus Viljoen
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 9004, Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Ana Victoria Gutiérrez
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 9004, Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Unité de Recherche Microbes, Evolution, Phylogeny and Infection (MEPHI), Institut Hospitalier Universitaire Méditerranée-Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Christian Dupont
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 9004, Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Eric Ghigo
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Marseille, France
| | - Laurent Kremer
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 9004, Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- IRIM, 34293, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Montpellier, France
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30
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Laencina L, Dubois V, Le Moigne V, Viljoen A, Majlessi L, Pritchard J, Bernut A, Piel L, Roux AL, Gaillard JL, Lombard B, Loew D, Rubin EJ, Brosch R, Kremer L, Herrmann JL, Girard-Misguich F. Identification of genes required for Mycobacterium abscessus growth in vivo with a prominent role of the ESX-4 locus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E1002-E1011. [PMID: 29343644 PMCID: PMC5798338 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1713195115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium abscessus, a rapidly growing mycobacterium (RGM) and an opportunistic human pathogen, is responsible for a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations ranging from pulmonary to skin and soft tissue infections. This intracellular organism can resist the bactericidal defense mechanisms of amoebae and macrophages, an ability that has not been observed in other RGM. M. abscessus can up-regulate several virulence factors during transient infection of amoebae, thereby becoming more virulent in subsequent respiratory infections in mice. Here, we sought to identify the M. abscessus genes required for replication within amoebae. To this end, we constructed and screened a transposon (Tn) insertion library of an M. abscessus subspecies massiliense clinical isolate for attenuated clones. This approach identified five genes within the ESX-4 locus, which in M. abscessus encodes an ESX-4 type VII secretion system that exceptionally also includes the ESX conserved EccE component. To confirm the screening results and to get further insight into the contribution of ESX-4 to M. abscessus growth and survival in amoebae and macrophages, we generated a deletion mutant of eccB4 that encodes a core structural element of ESX-4. This mutant was less efficient at blocking phagosomal acidification than its parental strain. Importantly, and in contrast to the wild-type strain, it also failed to damage phagosomes and showed reduced signs of phagosome-to-cytosol contact, as demonstrated by a combination of cellular and immunological assays. This study attributes an unexpected and genuine biological role to the underexplored mycobacterial ESX-4 system and its substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Laencina
- Université de Versailles Saint Quentin en Yvelines, INSERM UMR1173, 78000 Versailles, France
| | - Violaine Dubois
- Université de Versailles Saint Quentin en Yvelines, INSERM UMR1173, 78000 Versailles, France
| | - Vincent Le Moigne
- Université de Versailles Saint Quentin en Yvelines, INSERM UMR1173, 78000 Versailles, France
| | - Albertus Viljoen
- Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, CNRS UMR 9004, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Laleh Majlessi
- Unité de Pathogénomique Mycobactérienne, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Justin Pritchard
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Audrey Bernut
- Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, CNRS UMR 9004, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Laura Piel
- Université de Versailles Saint Quentin en Yvelines, INSERM UMR1173, 78000 Versailles, France
| | - Anne-Laure Roux
- Université de Versailles Saint Quentin en Yvelines, INSERM UMR1173, 78000 Versailles, France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires Ile de France Ouest, Ambroise Paré, Boulogne and Raymond Poincaré, 92380 Garches, France
| | - Jean-Louis Gaillard
- Université de Versailles Saint Quentin en Yvelines, INSERM UMR1173, 78000 Versailles, France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires Ile de France Ouest, Ambroise Paré, Boulogne and Raymond Poincaré, 92380 Garches, France
| | - Bérengère Lombard
- Laboratoire de spectrométrie de masse protéomique, Institut Curie, Paris Science and Letters Research University, 75248 Paris, France
| | - Damarys Loew
- Laboratoire de spectrométrie de masse protéomique, Institut Curie, Paris Science and Letters Research University, 75248 Paris, France
| | - Eric J Rubin
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Roland Brosch
- Unité de Pathogénomique Mycobactérienne, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Laurent Kremer
- Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, CNRS UMR 9004, 34293 Montpellier, France
- INSERM, Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Louis Herrmann
- Université de Versailles Saint Quentin en Yvelines, INSERM UMR1173, 78000 Versailles, France;
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires Ile de France Ouest, Ambroise Paré, Boulogne and Raymond Poincaré, 92380 Garches, France
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Roux AL, Viljoen A, Bah A, Simeone R, Bernut A, Laencina L, Deramaudt T, Rottman M, Gaillard JL, Majlessi L, Brosch R, Girard-Misguich F, Vergne I, de Chastellier C, Kremer L, Herrmann JL. The distinct fate of smooth and rough Mycobacterium abscessus variants inside macrophages. Open Biol 2017; 6:rsob.160185. [PMID: 27906132 PMCID: PMC5133439 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.160185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium abscessus is a pathogenic, rapidly growing mycobacterium responsible for pulmonary and cutaneous infections in immunocompetent patients and in patients with Mendelian disorders, such as cystic fibrosis (CF). Mycobacterium abscessus is known to transition from a smooth (S) morphotype with cell surface-associated glycopeptidolipids (GPL) to a rough (R) morphotype lacking GPL. Herein, we show that M. abscessus S and R variants are able to grow inside macrophages and are present in morphologically distinct phagosomes. The S forms are found mostly as single bacteria within phagosomes characterized by a tightly apposed phagosomal membrane and the presence of an electron translucent zone (ETZ) surrounding the bacilli. By contrast, infection with the R form leads to phagosomes often containing more than two bacilli, surrounded by a loose phagosomal membrane and lacking the ETZ. In contrast to the R variant, the S variant is capable of restricting intraphagosomal acidification and induces less apoptosis and autophagy. Importantly, the membrane of phagosomes enclosing the S forms showed signs of alteration, such as breaks or partial degradation. Although not frequently encountered, these events suggest that the S form is capable of provoking phagosome-cytosol communication. In conclusion, M. abscessus S exhibits traits inside macrophages that are reminiscent of slow-growing mycobacterial species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Laure Roux
- UMR1173, Inserm and UFR Des Sciences de la Santé Simone Veil, Université de Versailles Saint Quentin, Montigny, France
| | - Albertus Viljoen
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique FRE 3689, Centre d'études d'agents Pathogènes et Biotechnologies pour la Santé, Université de Montpellier, 1919, Route de Mende, 34293, Montpellier, France.,Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix-Marseille Université UM 2, Inserm, U1104, CNRS UMR7280, 13288, Marseille, France
| | - Aïcha Bah
- CNRS, Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), UMR 5089 CNRS/Université Paul Sabatier, 205 route de Narbonne, BP 64182, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Roxane Simeone
- Unité de Pathogénomique mycobactérienne, Institut Pasteur, 25 rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, Paris, France
| | - Audrey Bernut
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique FRE 3689, Centre d'études d'agents Pathogènes et Biotechnologies pour la Santé, Université de Montpellier, 1919, Route de Mende, 34293, Montpellier, France
| | - Laura Laencina
- UMR1173, Inserm and UFR Des Sciences de la Santé Simone Veil, Université de Versailles Saint Quentin, Montigny, France
| | - Therese Deramaudt
- UMR1179, Inserm and UFR Des Sciences de la Santé Simone Veil, Université de Versailles Saint Quentin, Montigny, France
| | - Martin Rottman
- UMR1173, Inserm and UFR Des Sciences de la Santé Simone Veil, Université de Versailles Saint Quentin, Montigny, France
| | - Jean-Louis Gaillard
- UMR1173, Inserm and UFR Des Sciences de la Santé Simone Veil, Université de Versailles Saint Quentin, Montigny, France
| | - Laleh Majlessi
- Unité de Pathogénomique mycobactérienne, Institut Pasteur, 25 rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, Paris, France
| | - Roland Brosch
- Unité de Pathogénomique mycobactérienne, Institut Pasteur, 25 rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, Paris, France
| | - Fabienne Girard-Misguich
- UMR1173, Inserm and UFR Des Sciences de la Santé Simone Veil, Université de Versailles Saint Quentin, Montigny, France
| | - Isabelle Vergne
- CNRS, Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), UMR 5089 CNRS/Université Paul Sabatier, 205 route de Narbonne, BP 64182, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Chantal de Chastellier
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix-Marseille Université UM 2, Inserm, U1104, CNRS UMR7280, 13288, Marseille, France
| | - Laurent Kremer
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique FRE 3689, Centre d'études d'agents Pathogènes et Biotechnologies pour la Santé, Université de Montpellier, 1919, Route de Mende, 34293, Montpellier, France .,INSERM, CPBS, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Louis Herrmann
- UMR1173, Inserm and UFR Des Sciences de la Santé Simone Veil, Université de Versailles Saint Quentin, Montigny, France
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da Silva JL, Nguyen J, Fennelly KP, Zelazny AM, Olivier KN. Survival of pathogenic Mycobacterium abscessus subsp. massiliense in Acanthamoeba castellanii. Res Microbiol 2017; 169:56-60. [PMID: 29056478 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We used an amoeba model to study the intracellular growth and cytotoxicity of clinical strains of Mycobacterium abscessus subsp. massiliense (Mabsm) isolated from 2 patients (one with cystic fibrosis, the other one with idiopathic bronchiectasis) during the early (smooth colonies) and late stage (rough colonies) of chronic pulmonary infection. Acanthamoeba castellanii were infected with Mabsm (MOI 100) and samples collected every 24 h for 72 h. Results showed Mabsm is able to survive in trophozoites and persist in cysts for at least 7 days. Late Mabsm demonstrated higher cytotoxicity toward A. castellanii when compared to early strains. A. castellanii is a useful in vitro host model to study infection of Mabsm clinical isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joas L da Silva
- Pulmonary Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jan Nguyen
- Pulmonary Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kevin P Fennelly
- Pulmonary Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Adrian M Zelazny
- Microbiology Service, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kenneth N Olivier
- Pulmonary Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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Le Moigne V, Gaillard JL, Herrmann JL. Vaccine strategies against cystic fibrosis pathogens. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2017; 12:751-6. [PMID: 26618824 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2015.1102810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A great number of cystic fibrosis (CF) pathogens such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the Burkholderia cepacia and the Mycobacterium abscessus complex raised difficult therapeutic problems due to their intrinsic multi-resistance to numerous antibiotics. Vaccine strategies represent one of the key weapons against these multi-resistant bacteria in a number of clinical settings like CF. Different strategies are considered in order to develop such vaccines, linked either to priming the host response, or by exploiting genomic data derived from the bacterium. Interestingly, virulence factors synthesized by various pathogens might serve as targets for vaccine development and have been, for example, evaluated in the context of CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Le Moigne
- a INSERM U1173, UFR Des Sciences de la Santé Simone Veil, Université de Versailles-Saint-Quentin , Saint-Quentin en Yvelines , France
| | - Jean-Louis Gaillard
- a INSERM U1173, UFR Des Sciences de la Santé Simone Veil, Université de Versailles-Saint-Quentin , Saint-Quentin en Yvelines , France.,b Service de Microbiologie, Groupe Hospitalier et Universitaire Paris Île-de-France Ouest, Assitance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, (92) Boulogne-Billancourt and Garches , France
| | - Jean-Louis Herrmann
- a INSERM U1173, UFR Des Sciences de la Santé Simone Veil, Université de Versailles-Saint-Quentin , Saint-Quentin en Yvelines , France.,b Service de Microbiologie, Groupe Hospitalier et Universitaire Paris Île-de-France Ouest, Assitance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, (92) Boulogne-Billancourt and Garches , France
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34
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Ribeiro GM, Matsumoto CK, Real F, Teixeira D, Duarte RS, Mortara RA, Leão SC, de Souza Carvalho-Wodarz C. Increased survival and proliferation of the epidemic strain Mycobacterium abscessus subsp. massiliense CRM0019 in alveolar epithelial cells. BMC Microbiol 2017; 17:195. [PMID: 28903728 PMCID: PMC5598063 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-017-1102-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Outbreaks of infections caused by rapidly growing mycobacteria have been reported worldwide generally associated with medical procedures. Mycobacterium abscessus subsp. massiliense CRM0019 was obtained during an epidemic of postsurgical infections and was characterized by increased persistence in vivo. To better understand the successful survival strategies of this microorganism, we evaluated its infectivity and proliferation in macrophages (RAW and BMDM) and alveolar epithelial cells (A549). For that, we assessed the following parameters, for both M. abscessus CRM0019 as well as the reference strain M. abscessus ATCC 19977: internalization, intracellular survival for up 3 days, competence to subvert lysosome fusion and the intracellular survival after cell reinfection. RESULTS CRM0019 and ATCC 19977 strains showed the same internalization rate (approximately 30% after 6 h infection), in both A549 and RAW cells. However, colony forming units data showed that CRM0019 survived better in A549 cells than the ATCC 19977 strain. Phagosomal characteristics of CRM0019 showed the bacteria inside tight phagosomes in A549 cells, contrasting to the loosely phagosomal membrane in macrophages. This observation holds for the ATCC 19977 strain in both cell types. The competence to subvert lysosome fusion was assessed by acidification and acquisition of lysosomal protein. For M. abscessus strains the phagosomes were acidified in all cell lines; nevertheless, the acquisition of lysosomal protein was reduced by CRM0019 compared to the ATCC 19977 strain, in A549 cells. Conversely, in macrophages, both M. abscessus strains were located in mature phagosomes, however without bacterial death. Once recovered from macrophages M. abscessus could establish a new intracellular infection. Nevertheless, only CRM0019 showed a higher growth rate in A549, increasing nearly 10-fold after 48 and 72 h. CONCLUSION M. abscessus CRM0019 creates a protective and replicative niche in alveolar epithelial cells mainly by avoiding phagosome maturation. Once recovered from infected macrophages, CRM0019 remains infective and displays greater intracellular growth in A549 cells compared to the ATCC 19977 strain. This evasion strategy in alveolar epithelial cells may contribute to the long survival of the CRM0019 strain in the host and thus to the inefficacy of in vivo treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Monteiro Ribeiro
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Cristianne Kayoko Matsumoto
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernando Real
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Laboratoire Entrée muqueuse du VIH et Immunité muqueuse, Department Infection, Immunité et Inflammation, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Daniela Teixeira
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Rafael Silva Duarte
- Laboratório de Micobactérias, Instituto de Microbiologia Professor Paulo de Góes, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Renato Arruda Mortara
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Sylvia Cardoso Leão
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Cristiane de Souza Carvalho-Wodarz
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. .,Department of Drug Delivery, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Saarbrücken, Germany.
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Mycobacterium llatzerense, a waterborne Mycobacterium, that resists phagocytosis by Acanthamoeba castellanii. Sci Rep 2017; 7:46270. [PMID: 28393860 PMCID: PMC5385496 DOI: 10.1038/srep46270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are environmental bacteria increasingly associated to public health problems. In water systems, free-living amoebae (FLA) feed on bacteria by phagocytosis, but several bacteria, including many NTM, are resistant to this predation. Thus, FLA can be seen as a training ground for pathogenic bacteria. Mycobacterium llatzerense was previously described as frequently associated with FLA in a drinking water network. The present study aimed to characterize the interactions between M. llatzerense and FLA. M. llatzerense was internalised by phagocytosis and featured lipid inclusions, suggesting a subversion of host resources. Moreover, M. llatzerense survived and even multiplied in presence of A. castellanii. Using a genomic-based comparative approach, twelve genes involved in phagocytosis interference, described in M. tuberculosis, were identified in the M. llatzerense genome sequenced in this study. Transcriptomic analyses showed that ten genes were significantly upregulated during the first hours of the infection, which could partly explain M. llatzerense resistance. Additionally, M. llatzerense was shown to actively inhibit phagosome acidification. In conclusion, M. llatzerense presents a high degree of resistance to phagocytosis, likely explaining its frequent occurrence within FLA in drinking water networks. It underscores that NTM should be carefully monitored in water networks to prevent human health concerns.
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36
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Bernut A, Herrmann JL, Ordway D, Kremer L. The Diverse Cellular and Animal Models to Decipher the Physiopathological Traits of Mycobacterium abscessus Infection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2017; 7:100. [PMID: 28421165 PMCID: PMC5378707 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium abscessus represents an important respiratory pathogen among the rapidly-growing non-tuberculous mycobacteria. Infections caused by M. abscessus are increasingly found in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients and are often refractory to antibiotic therapy. The underlying immunopathological mechanisms of pathogenesis remain largely unknown. A major reason for the poor advances in M. abscessus research has been a lack of adequate models to study the acute and chronic stages of the disease leading to delayed progress of evaluation of therapeutic efficacy of potentially active antibiotics. However, the recent development of cellular models led to new insights in the interplay between M. abscessus with host macrophages as well as with amoebae, proposed to represent the environmental host and reservoir for non-tuberculous mycobacteria. The zebrafish embryo has also appeared as a useful alternative to more traditional models as it recapitulates the vertebrate immune system and, due to its optical transparency, allows a spatio-temporal visualization of the infection process in a living animal. More sophisticated immunocompromised mice have also been exploited recently to dissect the immune and inflammatory responses to M. abscessus. Herein, we will discuss the limitations, advantages and potential offered by these various models to study the pathophysiology of M. abscessus infection and to assess the preclinical efficacy of compounds active against this emerging human pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Bernut
- IRIM (ex-CPBS)-UMR 9004, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Infectious Disease Research Institute of Montpellier, Université de MontpellierMontpellier, France
| | - Jean-Louis Herrmann
- UMR 1173, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-YvelinesMontigny-le-Bretonneux, France
| | - Diane Ordway
- Mycobacteria Research Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State UniversityFort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Laurent Kremer
- IRIM (ex-CPBS)-UMR 9004, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Infectious Disease Research Institute of Montpellier, Université de MontpellierMontpellier, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, IRIMMontpellier, France
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37
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Inhibition of the β-Lactamase Bla Mab by Avibactam Improves the In Vitro and In Vivo Efficacy of Imipenem against Mycobacterium abscessus. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2017; 61:AAC.02440-16. [PMID: 28096155 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02440-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium abscessus pulmonary infections are treated with a macrolide (clarithromycin or azithromycin), an aminoglycoside (amikacin), and a β-lactam (cefoxitin or imipenem). The triple combination is used without any β-lactamase inhibitor, even though Mabscessus produces the broad-spectrum β-lactamase BlaMab We determine whether inhibition of BlaMab by avibactam improves the activity of imipenem against M. abscessus The bactericidal activity of drug combinations was assayed in broth and in human macrophages. The in vivo efficacy of the drugs was tested by monitoring the survival of infected zebrafish embryos. The level of BlaMab production in broth and in macrophages was compared by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR and Western blotting. The triple combination of imipenem (8 or 32 μg/ml), amikacin (32 μg/ml), and avibactam (4 μg/ml) was bactericidal in broth (<0.1% survival), with 3.2- and 4.3-log10 reductions in the number of CFU being achieved at 72 h when imipenem was used at 8 and 32 μg/ml, respectively. The triple combination achieved significant intracellular killing, with the bacterial survival rates being 54% and 7% with the low (8 μg/ml) and high (32 μg/ml) dosages of imipenem, respectively. In vivo inhibition of BlaMab by avibactam improved the survival of zebrafish embryos treated with imipenem. Expression of the gene encoding BlaMab was induced (20-fold) in the infected macrophages. Inhibition of BlaMab by avibactam improved the efficacy of imipenem against M. abscessusin vitro, in macrophages, and in zebrafish embryos, indicating that this β-lactamase inhibitor should be clinically evaluated. The in vitro evaluation of imipenem may underestimate the impact of BlaMab, since the production of the β-lactamase is inducible in macrophages.
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38
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Flury P, Aellen N, Ruffner B, Péchy-Tarr M, Fataar S, Metla Z, Dominguez-Ferreras A, Bloemberg G, Frey J, Goesmann A, Raaijmakers JM, Duffy B, Höfte M, Blom J, Smits THM, Keel C, Maurhofer M. Insect pathogenicity in plant-beneficial pseudomonads: phylogenetic distribution and comparative genomics. THE ISME JOURNAL 2016; 10:2527-42. [PMID: 26894448 PMCID: PMC5030700 DOI: 10.1038/ismej.2016.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2015] [Revised: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Bacteria of the genus Pseudomonas occupy diverse environments. The Pseudomonas fluorescens group is particularly well-known for its plant-beneficial properties including pathogen suppression. Recent observations that some strains of this group also cause lethal infections in insect larvae, however, point to a more versatile ecology of these bacteria. We show that 26 P. fluorescens group strains, isolated from three continents and covering three phylogenetically distinct sub-clades, exhibited different activities toward lepidopteran larvae, ranging from lethal to avirulent. All strains of sub-clade 1, which includes Pseudomonas chlororaphis and Pseudomonas protegens, were highly insecticidal regardless of their origin (animals, plants). Comparative genomics revealed that strains in this sub-clade possess specific traits allowing a switch between plant- and insect-associated lifestyles. We identified 90 genes unique to all highly insecticidal strains (sub-clade 1) and 117 genes common to all strains of sub-clade 1 and present in some moderately insecticidal strains of sub-clade 3. Mutational analysis of selected genes revealed the importance of chitinase C and phospholipase C in insect pathogenicity. The study provides insight into the genetic basis and phylogenetic distribution of traits defining insecticidal activity in plant-beneficial pseudomonads. Strains with potent dual activity against plant pathogens and herbivorous insects have great potential for use in integrated pest management for crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascale Flury
- Plant Pathology, Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Nora Aellen
- Plant Pathology, Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Beat Ruffner
- Plant Pathology, Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Maria Péchy-Tarr
- Department of Fundamental Microbiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Shakira Fataar
- Plant Pathology, Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Zane Metla
- Plant Pathology, Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Experimental Entomology, Institute of Biology, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
| | | | - Guido Bloemberg
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Joachim Frey
- Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Goesmann
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Jos M Raaijmakers
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology, NIOO-KNAW, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Brion Duffy
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Research Group, Institute for Natural Resource Sciences, Zürich University of Applied Sciences, Wädenswil, Switzerland
| | - Monica Höfte
- Laboratory of Phytopathology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jochen Blom
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Theo H M Smits
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Research Group, Institute for Natural Resource Sciences, Zürich University of Applied Sciences, Wädenswil, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Keel
- Department of Fundamental Microbiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Monika Maurhofer
- Plant Pathology, Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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MgtC as a Host-Induced Factor and Vaccine Candidate against Mycobacterium abscessus Infection. Infect Immun 2016; 84:2895-903. [PMID: 27481243 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00359-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium abscessus is an emerging pathogenic mycobacterium involved in pulmonary and mucocutaneous infections, presenting a serious threat for patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). The lack of an efficient treatment regimen and the emergence of multidrug resistance in clinical isolates require the development of new therapeutic strategies against this pathogen. Reverse genetics has revealed genes that are present in M. abscessus but absent from saprophytic mycobacteria and that are potentially involved in pathogenicity. Among them, MAB_3593 encodes MgtC, a known virulence factor involved in intramacrophage survival and adaptation to Mg(2+) deprivation in several major bacterial pathogens. Here, we demonstrated a strong induction of M. abscessus MgtC at both the transcriptional and translational levels when bacteria reside inside macrophages or upon Mg(2+) deprivation. Moreover, we showed that M. abscessus MgtC was recognized by sera from M. abscessus-infected CF patients. The intramacrophage growth (J774 or THP1 cells) of a M. abscessus knockout mgtC mutant was, however, not significantly impeded. Importantly, our results indicated that inhibition of MgtC in vivo through immunization with M. abscessus mgtC DNA, formulated with a tetrafunctional amphiphilic block copolymer, exerted a protective effect against an aerosolized M. abscessus challenge in CF (ΔF508 FVB) mice. The formulated DNA immunization was likely associated with the production of specific MgtC antibodies, which may stimulate a protective effect by counteracting MgtC activity during M. abscessus infection. These results emphasize the importance of M. abscessus MgtC in vivo and provide a basis for the development of novel therapeutic tools against pulmonary M. abscessus infections in CF patients.
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40
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Viljoen A, Blaise M, de Chastellier C, Kremer L. MAB_3551c encodes the primary triacylglycerol synthase involved in lipid accumulation in Mycobacterium abscessus. Mol Microbiol 2016; 102:611-627. [PMID: 27513974 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.13482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Slow growing pathogenic mycobacteria utilize host-derived lipids and accumulate large amounts of triacylglycerol (TAG) in the form of intracytoplasmic lipid inclusions (ILI), serving as a source of carbon and energy during prolonged infection. Mycobacterium abscessus is an emerging and rapidly growing species capable to induce severe and chronic pulmonary infections. However, whether M. abscessus, like Mycobacterium tuberculosis, possesses the machinery to acquire and store host lipids, remains unaddressed. Herein, we aimed at deciphering the contribution of the seven putative M. abscessus TAG synthases (Tgs) in TAG synthesis/accumulation thanks to a combination of genetic and biochemical techniques and a well-defined foamy macrophage (FM) model along with electron microscopy. Targeted gene deletion and functional complementation studies identified the MAB_3551c product, Tgs1, as the major Tgs involved in TAG production. Tgs1 exhibits a preference for long acyl-CoA substrates and site-directed mutagenesis demonstrated that His144 and Gln145 are essential for enzymatic activity. Importantly, in the lipid-rich intracellular context of FM, M. abscessus formed large ILI in a Tgs1-dependent manner. This supports the ability of M. abscessus to assimilate host lipids and the crucial role of Tgs1 in intramycobacterial TAG production, which may represent important mechanisms for long-term storage of a rich energy supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albertus Viljoen
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique FRE3689, Centre d'études d'agents Pathogènes et Biotechnologies pour la Santé, Université de Montpellier, 1919 route de Mende, Montpellier, 34293, France.,Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Université UM2, Inserm, U1104, CNRS UMR7280, Marseille, 13288, France
| | - Mickael Blaise
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique FRE3689, Centre d'études d'agents Pathogènes et Biotechnologies pour la Santé, Université de Montpellier, 1919 route de Mende, Montpellier, 34293, France
| | - Chantal de Chastellier
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Université UM2, Inserm, U1104, CNRS UMR7280, Marseille, 13288, France
| | - Laurent Kremer
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique FRE3689, Centre d'études d'agents Pathogènes et Biotechnologies pour la Santé, Université de Montpellier, 1919 route de Mende, Montpellier, 34293, France.,INSERM, CPBS, Montpellier, 34293, France
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Abstract
Bacterial sphingomyelinases and phospholipases are a heterogeneous group of esterases which are usually surface associated or secreted by a wide variety of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. These enzymes hydrolyze sphingomyelin and glycerophospholipids, respectively, generating products identical to the ones produced by eukaryotic enzymes which play crucial roles in distinct physiological processes, including membrane dynamics, cellular signaling, migration, growth, and death. Several bacterial sphingomyelinases and phospholipases are essential for virulence of extracellular, facultative, or obligate intracellular pathogens, as these enzymes contribute to phagosomal escape or phagosomal maturation avoidance, favoring tissue colonization, infection establishment and progression, or immune response evasion. This work presents a classification proposal for bacterial sphingomyelinases and phospholipases that considers not only their enzymatic activities but also their structural aspects. An overview of the main physiopathological activities is provided for each enzyme type, as are examples in which inactivation of a sphingomyelinase- or a phospholipase-encoding gene impairs the virulence of a pathogen. The identification of sphingomyelinases and phospholipases important for bacterial pathogenesis and the development of inhibitors for these enzymes could generate candidate vaccines and therapeutic agents, which will diminish the impacts of the associated human and animal diseases.
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Le Moigne V, Gaillard JL, Herrmann JL. Vaccine strategies against bacterial pathogens in cystic fibrosis patients. Med Mal Infect 2016; 46:4-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medmal.2015.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Revisiting the role of phospholipases C in virulence and the lifecycle of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Sci Rep 2015; 5:16918. [PMID: 26603639 PMCID: PMC4658479 DOI: 10.1038/srep16918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the agent of human tuberculosis has developed
different virulence mechanisms and virulence-associated tools during its evolution
to survive and multiply inside the host. Based on previous reports and by analogy
with other bacteria, phospholipases C (PLC) of M. tuberculosis were thought
to be among these tools. To get deeper insights into the function of PLCs, we
investigated their putative involvement in the intracellular lifestyle of M.
tuberculosis, with emphasis on phagosomal rupture and virulence, thereby
re-visiting a research theme of longstanding interest. Through the construction and
use of an M. tuberculosis H37Rv PLC-null mutant (ΔPLC) and
control strains, we found that PLCs of M. tuberculosis were not required for
induction of phagosomal rupture and only showed marginal, if any, impact on
virulence of M. tuberculosis in the cellular and mouse infection models used
in this study. In contrast, we found that PLC-encoding genes were strongly
upregulated under phosphate starvation and that PLC-proficient M.
tuberculosis strains survived better than ΔPLC mutants under
conditions where phosphatidylcholine served as sole phosphate source, opening new
perspectives for studies on the role of PLCs in the lifecycle of M.
tuberculosis.
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Bacterial phospholipases C as vaccine candidate antigens against cystic fibrosis respiratory pathogens: the Mycobacterium abscessus model. Vaccine 2015; 33:2118-24. [PMID: 25804706 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Revised: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vaccine strategies represent one of the fighting answers against multiresistant bacteria in a number of clinical settings like cystic fibrosis (CF). Mycobacterium abscessus, an emerging CF pathogen, raises difficult therapeutic problems due to its intrinsic antibiotic multiresistance. METHODS By reverse vaccinology, we identified M. abscessus phospholipase C (MA-PLC) as a potential vaccine target. We deciphered here the protective response generated by vaccination with plasmid DNA encoding the MA-PLC formulated with a tetra functional block copolymer 704, in CF (ΔF508) mice. Protection was tested against aerosolized smooth and rough (hypervirulent) variants of M. abscessus. RESULTS MA-PLC DNA vaccination (days 0, 21, 42) elicited a strong antibody response. A significant protective effect was obtained against aerosolized M. abscessus (S variant) in ΔF508 mice, but not in wild-type FVB littermates; similar results were observed when: (i) challenging mice with the "hypervirulent" R variant, and; (ii) immunizing mice with purified MA-PLC protein. High IgG titers against MA-PLC protein were measured in CF patients with M. abscessus infection; interestingly, significant titers were also detected in CF patients positive for Pseudomonas aeruginosa versus P. aeruginosa-negative controls. CONCLUSIONS MA-PLC DNA- and PLC protein-vaccinated mice cleared more rapidly M. abscessus than β-galactosidase DNA- or PBS- vaccinated mice in the context of CF. PLCs could constitute interesting vaccine targets against common PLC-producing CF pathogens like P. aeruginosa.
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