1
|
Vásquez-Pérez JM, González-Guevara E, Gutiérrez-Buenabad D, Martínez-Gopar PE, Martinez-Lazcano JC, Cárdenas G. Is Nasal Dysbiosis a Required Component for Neuroinflammation in Major Depressive Disorder? Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04375-2. [PMID: 39120823 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04375-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Human microbiota is known to influence immune and cerebral responses by direct and/or indirect mechanisms, including hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis signaling, activation of neural afferent circuits to the brain, and by altering the peripheral immune responses (cellular and humoral immune function, circulatory inflammatory cells, and the production of several inflammatory mediators, such as cytokines, chemokines, and reactive oxygen species). The inflammatory responses in the nasal mucosa (rhinitis) or paranasal sinuses (chronic rhinosinusitis) are dual conditions related with a greater risk for developing depression. In the nasal cavity, anatomic components of the olfactive function are in direct contact with the CNS through the olfactory receptors, neurons, and axons that end in the olfactory bulb and the entorhinal cortex. Local microbiome alterations (dysbiosis) are linked to transepithelial translocation of microorganisms and their metabolites, which disrupts the epithelial barrier and favors vascular permeability, increasing the levels of several inflammatory molecules (both cytokines and non-cytokine mediators: extracellular vesicles (exosomes) and neuropeptides), triggering local inflammation (rhinitis) and the spread of these components into the central nervous system (neuroinflammation). In this review, we discuss the role of microbiota-related immunity in conditions affecting the nasal mucosa (chronic rhinosinusitis and allergic rhinitis) and their relevance in major depressive disorders, focusing on the few mechanisms known to be involved and providing some hypothetical proposals on the pathophysiology of depression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Manuel Vásquez-Pérez
- Laboratorio de Neurogénesis, Subdirección de Investigaciones Clínicas, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de La Fuente Muñiz, 14370, Ciudad de México, Mexico
- Programa de Posgrado Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Edith González-Guevara
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología Molecular y Nanotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, 14269, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Diana Gutiérrez-Buenabad
- Laboratorio de Neurogénesis, Subdirección de Investigaciones Clínicas, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de La Fuente Muñiz, 14370, Ciudad de México, Mexico
- Programa de Posgrado Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Pablo Eliasib Martínez-Gopar
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología Molecular y Nanotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, 14269, Ciudad de México, Mexico
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Unidad Sede Sur, 14330, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Juan Carlos Martinez-Lazcano
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología Molecular y Nanotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, 14269, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Graciela Cárdenas
- Departamento de Neurología, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Insurgentes Sur 3877, La Fama, Tlalpan, 14269, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bakr MM, Caswell GM, Hussein H, Shamel M, Al-Ankily MM. Considerations for oral and dental tissues in holistic care during long-haul space flights. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1406631. [PMID: 39055690 PMCID: PMC11269229 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1406631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The health of astronauts during and after the return from long-haul space missions is paramount. There is plethora of research in the literature about the medical side of astronauts' health, however, the dental and oral health of the space crew seem to be overlooked with limited information in the literature about the effects of the space environment and microgravity on the oral and dental tissues. In this article, we shed some light on the latest available research related to space dentistry and provide some hypotheses that could guide the directions of future research and help maintain the oral health of space crews. We also promote for the importance of regenerative medicine and dentistry as well highlight the opportunities available in the expanding field of bioprinting/biomanufacturing through utilizing the effects of microgravity on stem cells culture techniques. Finally, we provide recommendations for adopting a multidisciplinary approach for oral healthcare during long-haul space flights.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud M. Bakr
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Habiba Hussein
- Faculty of Dentistry, The British University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Shamel
- Faculty of Dentistry, The British University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Jennings KC, Johnson KE, Hayward MA, Kristich CJ, Salzman NH. CCR2-dependent CX3CR1+ colonic macrophages promote Enterococcus faecalis dissemination. Infect Immun 2024; 92:e0000624. [PMID: 38629806 PMCID: PMC11075457 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00006-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Enterococci are common commensal bacteria that colonize the gastrointestinal tracts of most mammals, including humans. Importantly, these bacteria are one of the leading causes of nosocomial infections. This study examined the role of colonic macrophages in facilitating Enterococcus faecalis infections in mice. We determined that depletion of colonic phagocytes resulted in the reduction of E. faecalis dissemination to the gut-draining mesenteric lymph nodes. Furthermore, we established that trafficking of monocyte-derived CX3CR1-expressing macrophages contributed to E. faecalis dissemination in a manner that was not reliant on CCR7, the conventional receptor involved in lymphatic migration. Finally, we showed that E. faecalis mutants with impaired intracellular survival exhibited reduced dissemination, suggesting that E. faecalis can exploit host immune cell migration to disseminate systemically and cause disease. Our findings indicate that modulation of macrophage trafficking in the context of antibiotic therapy could serve as a novel approach for preventing or treating opportunistic infections by disseminating enteric pathobionts like E. faecalis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin C. Jennings
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Kaitlin E. Johnson
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Michael A. Hayward
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
- Center for Microbiome Research, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Christopher J. Kristich
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Nita H. Salzman
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
- Center for Microbiome Research, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Viquez C, Rojas-Gätjens D, Mesén-Porras E, Avendaño R, Sasa M, Lomonte B, Chavarría M. Venom-microbiomics of eight species of Neotropical spiders from the Theraphosidae family. J Appl Microbiol 2024; 135:lxae113. [PMID: 38692848 DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxae113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
AIM Tarantulas are one of the largest predatory arthropods in tropical regions. Tarantulas though not lethal to humans, their venomous bite kills small animals and insect upon which they prey. To understand the abiotic and biotic components involved in Neotropical tarantula bites, we conducted a venom-microbiomics study in eight species from Costa Rica. METHODS AND RESULTS We determined that the toxin profiles of tarantula venom are highly diverse using shotgun proteomics; the most frequently encountered toxins were ω-Ap2 toxin, neprilysin-1, and several teraphotoxins. Through culture-independent and culture-dependent methods, we determined the microbiota present in the venom and excreta to evaluate the presence of pathogens that could contribute to primary infections in animals, including humans. The presence of opportunistic pathogens with hemolytic activity was observed, with a prominence of Stenotrophomonas in the venoms. Other bacteria found in venoms and excreta with hemolytic activity included members of the genera Serratia, Bacillus, Acinetobacter, Microbacterium, and Morganella. CONCLUSIONS Our data shed light on the venom- and gut-microbiome associated with Neotropical tarantulas. This information may be useful for treating bites from these arthropods in both humans and farm animals, while also providing insight into the toxins and biodiversity of this little-explored microenvironment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Viquez
- Centro Nacional de Innovaciones Biotecnológicas (CENIBiot), CeNAT-CONARE, San José 1174-1200, Costa Rica
- Oficina subregional de Alajuela, Sistema Nacional de Áreas de Conservación (SINAC), Ministerio Ambiente y Energía (MINAE), Alajuela 20101, Costa Rica
| | - Diego Rojas-Gätjens
- Centro Nacional de Innovaciones Biotecnológicas (CENIBiot), CeNAT-CONARE, San José 1174-1200, Costa Rica
- Centro de Investigaciones en Productos Naturales (CIPRONA), Universidad de Costa Rica, San José 11501-2060, Costa Rica
| | - Esteve Mesén-Porras
- Centro Nacional de Innovaciones Biotecnológicas (CENIBiot), CeNAT-CONARE, San José 1174-1200, Costa Rica
| | - Roberto Avendaño
- Centro Nacional de Innovaciones Biotecnológicas (CENIBiot), CeNAT-CONARE, San José 1174-1200, Costa Rica
| | - Mahmood Sasa
- Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José 11501-2060, Costa Rica
- Museo de Zoología, Centro de Investigación de Biodiversidad y Ecología Tropical, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José 11501-2060, Costa Rica
| | - Bruno Lomonte
- Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José 11501-2060, Costa Rica
| | - Max Chavarría
- Centro Nacional de Innovaciones Biotecnológicas (CENIBiot), CeNAT-CONARE, San José 1174-1200, Costa Rica
- Centro de Investigaciones en Productos Naturales (CIPRONA), Universidad de Costa Rica, San José 11501-2060, Costa Rica
- Escuela de Química, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José 11501-2060, Costa Rica
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Donaldson GP, Reis GL, Saad M, Mamede I, Chen G, DelGaudio NL, Zhang D, Aydin B, Harrer CE, Castro TB, Grivennikov S, Reis BS, Stadtmueller BM, Victora GD, Mucida D. Suppression of epithelial proliferation and tumorigenesis by immunoglobulin A. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.06.561290. [PMID: 37873082 PMCID: PMC10592636 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.06.561290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin A (IgA) is the most abundant antibody isotype produced across mammals and plays a specialized role in mucosal homeostasis 1 . Constantly secreted into the lumen of the intestine, IgA binds commensal microbiota to regulate their colonization and function 2,3 , with unclear implications for health. IgA deficiency is common in humans but is difficult to study due to its complex etiology and comorbidities 4-8 . Using genetically and environmentally controlled mice, here we show that IgA-deficient animals have a baseline alteration in the colon epithelium that increases susceptibility to multiple models of colorectal cancer. Transcriptome, imaging, and flow cytometry-based analyses revealed that, in the absence of IgA, colonic epithelial cells induce antibacterial factors and accelerate cell cycling in response to the microbiota. Oral treatment with IgA was sufficient to suppress aberrant epithelial proliferation independently of bacterial binding, suggesting that IgA provides a feedback signal to epithelial cells in parallel with its known roles in microbiome shaping. In a primary colonic organoid culture system, IgA directly suppresses epithelial growth. Conversely, the susceptibility of IgA-deficient mice to colorectal cancer was reversed by Notch inhibition to suppress the absorptive colonocyte developmental program, or by inhibition of the cytokine MIF, the receptor for which was upregulated in stem cells of IgA-deficient animals. These studies demonstrate a homeostatic function for IgA in tempering physiological epithelial responses to microbiota to maintain mucosal health.
Collapse
|
6
|
Devi MB, Sarma HK, Mukherjee AK, Khan MR. Mechanistic Insights into Immune-Microbiota Interactions and Preventive Role of Probiotics Against Autoimmune Diabetes Mellitus. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2023:10.1007/s12602-023-10087-1. [PMID: 37171690 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-023-10087-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies on genetically susceptible individuals and animal models revealed the potential role of the intestinal microbiota in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes (T1D) through complex interactions with the immune system. T1D incidence has been increasing exponentially with modern lifestyle altering normal microbiota composition, causing dysbiosis characterized by an imbalance in the gut microbial community. Dysbiosis has been suggested to be a potential contributing factor in T1D. Moreover, several studies have shown the potential role of probiotics in regulating T1D through various mechanisms. Current T1D therapies target curative measures; however, preventive therapeutics are yet to be proven. This review highlights immune microbiota interaction and the immense role of probiotics and postbiotics as important immunological interventions for reducing the risk of T1D.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Bidyarani Devi
- Molecular Biology and Microbial Biotechnology Laboratory, Life Sciences Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology (IASST), Guwahati, Assam, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Gauhati University, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | | | - Ashis K Mukherjee
- Molecular Biology and Microbial Biotechnology Laboratory, Life Sciences Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology (IASST), Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Mojibur R Khan
- Molecular Biology and Microbial Biotechnology Laboratory, Life Sciences Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology (IASST), Guwahati, Assam, India.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Oh S, Seo H. Dietary intervention with functional foods modulating gut microbiota for improving the efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines. Heliyon 2023; 9:e15668. [PMID: 37124341 PMCID: PMC10121067 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota with aging contributes to a reduction in important cross-feeding bacterial reactions in the gut and immunosenescence, which could contribute to a decrease in vaccine efficacy. Fever, cough, and fatigue are the main signs of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); however, some patients with COVID-19 present with gastrointestinal symptoms. COVID-19 vaccination against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is one of the best measures to reduce SARS-CoV-2 infection rates and the severity of COVID-19. The immunogenicity of COVID-19 vaccines is influenced by the composition of the gut microbiota, and the immune response to COVID-19 vaccines decreases with age. In this review, we discuss gut microbiota dysbiosis and immunosenescence in the older adults, the role of gut microbiota in improving the efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines, and dietary interventions to improve the efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines in the older adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soyoung Oh
- Infectious Disease Research Center, Citizen's Health Bureau, Seoul Metropolitan Government, 110, Sejong-daero, Jung-gu, Seoul, 04524, Republic of Korea
| | - Haesook Seo
- Infectious Disease Research Center, Citizen's Health Bureau, Seoul Metropolitan Government, 110, Sejong-daero, Jung-gu, Seoul, 04524, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ng KW, Hobbs A, Wichmann C, Victora GD, Donaldson GP. B cell responses to the gut microbiota. Adv Immunol 2022; 155:95-131. [PMID: 36357013 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ai.2022.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Most antibody produced by humans originates from mucosal B cell responses. The rules, mechanisms, and outcomes of this process are distinct from B cell responses to infection. Within the context of the intestine, we discuss the induction of follicular B cell responses by microbiota, the development and maintenance of mucosal antibody-secreting cells, and the unusual impacts of mucosal antibody on commensal bacteria. Much remains to be learned about the interplay between B cells and the microbiota, but past and present work hints at a complex, nuanced relationship that may be critical to the way the mammalian gut fosters a beneficial microbial ecosystem.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin W Ng
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Dynamics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Alvaro Hobbs
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Dynamics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Christopher Wichmann
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Dynamics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States; Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States; Immune Regulation Group, Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Gabriel D Victora
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Dynamics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States.
| | - Gregory P Donaldson
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Yang C, Chen-Liaw A, Spindler MP, Tortorella D, Moran TM, Cerutti A, Faith JJ. Immunoglobulin A antibody composition is sculpted to bind the self gut microbiome. Sci Immunol 2022; 7:eabg3208. [PMID: 35857580 PMCID: PMC9421563 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abg3208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Despite being the most abundantly secreted immunoglobulin isotype, the pattern of reactivity of immunoglobulin A (IgA) antibodies toward each individual's own gut commensal bacteria still remains elusive. By colonizing germ-free mice with defined commensal bacteria, we found that the binding specificity of bulk fecal and serum IgA toward resident gut bacteria resolves well at the species level and has modest strain-level specificity. IgA hybridomas generated from lamina propria B cells of gnotobiotic mice showed that most IgA clones recognized a single bacterial species, whereas a small portion displayed cross-reactivity. Orally administered hybridoma-produced IgAs still retained bacterial antigen binding capability, implying the potential for a new class of therapeutic antibodies. Species-specific IgAs had a range of strain specificities. Given the distinctive bacterial species and strain composition found in each individual's gut, our findings suggest the IgA antibody repertoire is shaped uniquely to bind "self" gut bacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Yang
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Alice Chen-Liaw
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Matthew P. Spindler
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Domenico Tortorella
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Thomas M. Moran
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Center for Therapeutic Antibody Development, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Andrea Cerutti
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Program for Inflammatory and Cardiovascular Disorders, Institut Hospital del Mar d’Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Barcelona 08003, Spain
- Catalan Institute for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | - Jeremiah J. Faith
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Utilizing the Gastrointestinal Microbiota to Modulate Cattle Health through the Microbiome-Gut-Organ Axes. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10071391. [PMID: 35889109 PMCID: PMC9324549 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10071391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The microorganisms inhabiting the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of ruminants have a mutualistic relationship with the host that influences the efficiency and health of the ruminants. The GIT microbiota interacts with the host immune system to influence not only the GIT, but other organs in the body as well. The objective of this review is to highlight the importance of the role the gastrointestinal microbiota plays in modulating the health of a host through communication with different organs in the body through the microbiome-gut-organ axes. Among other things, the GIT microbiota produces metabolites for the host and prevents the colonization of pathogens. In order to prevent dysbiosis of the GIT microbiota, gut microbial therapies can be utilized to re-introduce beneficial bacteria and regain homeostasis within the rumen environment and promote gastrointestinal health. Additionally, controlling GIT dysbiosis can aid the immune system in preventing disfunction in other organ systems in the body through the microbiome-gut-brain axis, the microbiome-gut-lung axis, the microbiome-gut-mammary axis, and the microbiome-gut-reproductive axis.
Collapse
|
11
|
Adaptation to simulated microgravity in Streptococcus mutans. NPJ Microgravity 2022; 8:17. [PMID: 35654802 PMCID: PMC9163064 DOI: 10.1038/s41526-022-00205-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-term space missions have shown an increased incidence of oral disease in astronauts’ and as a result, are one of the top conditions predicted to impact future missions. Here we set out to evaluate the adaptive response of Streptococcus mutans (etiological agent of dental caries) to simulated microgravity. This organism has been well studied on earth and treatment strategies are more predictable. Despite this, we are unsure how the bacterium will respond to the environmental stressors in space. We used experimental evolution for 100-days in high aspect ratio vessels followed by whole genome resequencing to evaluate this adaptive response. Our data shows that planktonic S. mutans did evolve variants in three genes (pknB, SMU_399 and SMU_1307c) that can be uniquely attributed to simulated microgravity populations. In addition, collection of data at multiple time points showed mutations in three additional genes (SMU_399, ptsH and rex) that were detected earlier in simulated microgravity populations than in the normal gravity controls, many of which are consistent with other studies. Comparison of virulence-related phenotypes between biological replicates from simulated microgravity and control orientation cultures generally showed few changes in antibiotic susceptibility, while acid tolerance and adhesion varied significantly between biological replicates and decreased as compared to the ancestral populations. Most importantly, our data shows the importance of a parallel normal gravity control, sequencing at multiple time points and the use of biological replicates for appropriate analysis of adaptation in simulated microgravity.
Collapse
|
12
|
Lourenco JM, Welch CB. Using microbiome information to understand and improve animal performance. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2022.2077147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
13
|
Lactobacillus fermentum Stimulates Intestinal Secretion of Immunoglobulin A in an Individual-Specific Manner. Foods 2022; 11:foods11091229. [PMID: 35563952 PMCID: PMC9099657 DOI: 10.3390/foods11091229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunoglobulin A (IgA), as the most secreted immunoglobulin in the intestine, plays an irreplaceable role in mucosal immunity regulation. Previous studies have indicated that Lactobacillus showed strain specificity in stimulating the secretion of IgA through intestinal mucosal lymphocytes. The reason for this phenomenon is not clear. The current studies have been aimed at exploring the effect of a strain on the secretion of IgA in the host’s intestine, but the mechanism behind it has not been seriously studied. Based on this, we selected five strains of Lactobacillus fermentum isolated from different individuals to determine whether there are intraspecific differences in stimulating the secretion of IgA from the intestinal mucosa. It was found that IgA concentrations in different intestinal segments and faeces induced by L. fermentum were different. 12-1 and X6L1 strains increased the secretion of IgA by the intestine significantly. In addition, different strains of L. fermentum were also proven to have different effects on the host gut microbiota but no significant effects on IgA-coated microbiota. Besides, it was speculated that different strains of L. fermentum may act on different pathways to stimulate IgA in a non-inflammatory manner. By explaining the differences of IgA secretion in the host’s intestine tract stimulated by different strains of L. fermentum, it is expected to provide a theoretical basis for the stimulation of intestinal secretion of IgA by Lactobacillus and a new direction for exploring the relationship between Lactobacillus and human immunity.
Collapse
|
14
|
El-Saadony MT, Salem HM, El-Tahan AM, Abd El-Mageed TA, Soliman SM, Khafaga AF, Swelum AA, Ahmed AE, Alshammari FA, Abd El-Hack ME. The control of poultry salmonellosis using organic agents: an updated overview. Poult Sci 2022; 101:101716. [PMID: 35176704 PMCID: PMC8857471 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.101716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonellosis is a severe problem that threatens the poultry sector worldwide right now. Salmonella gallinarium and Salmonella pullorum (Fowl typhoid) are the most pathogenic serovars in avian species leading to systemic infection resulting in severe economic losses in the poultry industry. Nontyphoidal serotypes of Salmonella (Paratyphoid disease) constitute a public health hazard for their involvement in food poisoning problems in addition to their zoonotic importance. Also, Salmonella species distribution is particularly extensive. They resisted environmental conditions that made it difficult to control their spread for a long time. Therefore, the current review aimed to through light on Salmonellosis in poultry with particular references to its pathogenesis, economic importance, immune response to Salmonella, Salmonella antibiotics resistance, possible methods for prevention and control of such problems using promising antibiotics alternatives including probiotics, prebiotics, symbiotics, organic acids, essential oils, cinnamaldehyde, chitosan, nanoparticles, and vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed T El-Saadony
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Heba M Salem
- Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University 12211, Giza, Egypt
| | - Amira M El-Tahan
- Plant Production Department, Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute, The City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Taia A Abd El-Mageed
- Soil and Water Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum 63514, Egypt
| | - Soliman M Soliman
- Department of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University 1221, Giza, Egypt
| | - Asmaa F Khafaga
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Edfina 22758, Egypt
| | - Ayman A Swelum
- Department of Animal production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Sharkia 44519, Egypt
| | - Ahmed E Ahmed
- Biology Department, College of Science, King Khalid University 61413 Abha, Saudi Arabia; Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University 83523 Qena, Egypt
| | - Fahdah A Alshammari
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences and Literature, Northern Border University, Rafha 76312, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed E Abd El-Hack
- Poultry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Beopoulos A, Gea M, Fasano A, Iris F. Autonomic Nervous System Neuroanatomical Alterations Could Provoke and Maintain Gastrointestinal Dysbiosis in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD): A Novel Microbiome-Host Interaction Mechanistic Hypothesis. Nutrients 2021; 14:65. [PMID: 35010940 PMCID: PMC8746684 DOI: 10.3390/nu14010065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysbiosis secondary to environmental factors, including dietary patterns, antibiotics use, pollution exposure, and other lifestyle factors, has been associated to many non-infective chronic inflammatory diseases. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is related to maternal inflammation, although there is no conclusive evidence that affected individuals suffer from systemic low-grade inflammation as in many psychological and psychiatric diseases. However, neuro-inflammation and neuro-immune abnormalities are observed within ASD-affected individuals. Rebalancing human gut microbiota to treat disease has been widely investigated with inconclusive and contradictory findings. These observations strongly suggest that the forms of dysbiosis encountered in ASD-affected individuals could also originate from autonomic nervous system (ANS) functioning abnormalities, a common neuro-anatomical alteration underlying ASD. According to this hypothesis, overactivation of the sympathetic branch of the ANS, due to the fact of an ASD-specific parasympathetic activity deficit, induces deregulation of the gut-brain axis, attenuating intestinal immune and osmotic homeostasis. This sets-up a dysbiotic state, that gives rise to immune and osmotic dysregulation, maintaining dysbiosis in a vicious cycle. Here, we explore the mechanisms whereby ANS imbalances could lead to alterations in intestinal microbiome-host interactions that may contribute to the severity of ASD by maintaining the brain-gut axis pathways in a dysregulated state.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Athanasios Beopoulos
- Bio-Modeling Systems, Tour CIT, 3 Rue de l’Arrivée, 75015 Paris, France; (A.B.); (M.G.)
| | - Manuel Gea
- Bio-Modeling Systems, Tour CIT, 3 Rue de l’Arrivée, 75015 Paris, France; (A.B.); (M.G.)
| | - Alessio Fasano
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Center for Celiac Research and Treatment, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Boston, MA 022114, USA;
| | - François Iris
- Bio-Modeling Systems, Tour CIT, 3 Rue de l’Arrivée, 75015 Paris, France; (A.B.); (M.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Khan I, Huang Z, Liang L, Li N, Ali Z, Ding L, Hong M, Shi H. Ammonia stress influences intestinal histomorphology, immune status and microbiota of Chinese striped-neck turtle (Mauremys sinensis). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 222:112471. [PMID: 34229168 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Ammonia is one of major pollutants in aquatic environment that induces severe stress and toxicity to organisms in aquatic system. The intestine acts a major defense line that protects living organisms from biotic and abiotic stresses. In the current study, we examined the effects of ammonia on intestinal histomorphology, transcriptional levels of intestinal barrier functioning genes and intestinal microbiota of Chinese striped-neck turtle (Mauremys sinensis). Thus, the turtles were placed in water with addition of ammonia at 0 (control), 100, 200 mg L-1 for 30 days. Our findings showed that ammonia reduced the villus length and induced the inflammatory cells appearance. In addition, the epithelial tight junction genes, claudin and zonola occludin significantly downregulated in ammonia exposed groups as compared to control group (P < 0.05). Similarly, the mRNA expression levels of MUC-2 gene also significantly decreased in ammonia treated groups (P < 0.05). However, the expression levels of intestinal immune related genes such as IL-10, IL-12, TGF-β1, TNF-α and IFN-γ significantly increased (P < 0.05). Furthermore, ammonia changed gut microbial diversity variedly. At the phylum levels, Firmicutes increased, whereas Bacteroidota, Desulfobacterota and Synergistota decreased significantly. Likewise, Lachnospiraceae, Bacteroides, Eubacteriaceae, Desulfovibrio, Muribaculaceae, Bilophila, Cloacibacillus, Christensenellaceae, Ruminococcus and Parabacteroides decreased while, Romboutsia and Turicibacter increased in ammonia exposed groups. In conclusion, ammonia at 100 and 200 mg L-1 could alter the intestinal barrier function and change the composition of intestinal microbiota, leading to bad health status in M. sinensis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ijaz Khan
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Island Ecology, Ministry of Education, Hainan key Laboratory of Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China
| | - Zubin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Island Ecology, Ministry of Education, Hainan key Laboratory of Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China
| | - Liangyue Liang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Island Ecology, Ministry of Education, Hainan key Laboratory of Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China
| | - Na Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Island Ecology, Ministry of Education, Hainan key Laboratory of Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China
| | - Zeeshan Ali
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Island Ecology, Ministry of Education, Hainan key Laboratory of Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China
| | - Li Ding
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Island Ecology, Ministry of Education, Hainan key Laboratory of Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China.
| | - Meiling Hong
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Island Ecology, Ministry of Education, Hainan key Laboratory of Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China.
| | - Haitao Shi
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Island Ecology, Ministry of Education, Hainan key Laboratory of Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Tai J, Han MS, Kwak J, Kim TH. Association Between Microbiota and Nasal Mucosal Diseases in terms of Immunity. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4744. [PMID: 33947066 PMCID: PMC8124637 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of nasal inflammatory diseases is related to various factors such as anatomical structure, heredity, and environment. The nasal microbiota play a key role in coordinating immune system functions. Dysfunction of the microbiota has a significant impact on the occurrence and development of nasal inflammation. This review will introduce the positive and negative roles of microbiota involved in immunity surrounding nasal mucosal diseases such as chronic sinusitis and allergic rhinitis. In addition, we will also introduce recent developments in DNA sequencing, metabolomics, and proteomics combined with computation-based bioinformatics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junhu Tai
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Mun Soo Han
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Jiwon Kwak
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Tae Hoon Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Guo J, Han X, Huang W, You Y, Jicheng Z. Interaction between IgA and gut microbiota and its role in controlling metabolic syndrome. Obes Rev 2021; 22:e13155. [PMID: 33150692 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin A (IgA) is the most abundant immunoglobulin isotype secreted into the mucosal tissues, mainly intestinal mucus. Humans can produce several grams of IgA every day, accounting for three quarters of the body's total immunoglobulin content. IgA, together with mucus and antimicrobial peptides, forms the first line of defence for intestinal epithelial cells, protecting them from a significant number of intestinal antigens. IgA also plays a principal role in controlling the gut microbiota (GM), and disruption in IgA can result in dysbiosis, such as the enrichment of Proteobacteria, which are generally bound by IgA. Proteobacteria overexpansion is also usually seen in obesity and colitis. Consistent with this, IgA dysfunction frequently results in metabolic syndrome (MetS), including conditions such as obesity, adiposity, insulin resistance, and inflammation. In contrast, enhanced IgA function can improve, and even prevent, MetS. Interactions among IgA, GM, and metabolism provide a promising avenue to combat MetS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jielong Guo
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Han
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Weidong Huang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yilin You
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhan Jicheng
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Gut Microbiota Influence in Hematological Malignancies: From Genesis to Cure. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031026. [PMID: 33498529 PMCID: PMC7864170 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematological malignancies, including multiple myeloma, lymphoma, and leukemia, are a heterogeneous group of neoplasms that affect the blood, bone marrow, and lymph nodes. They originate from uncontrolled growth of hematopoietic and lymphoid cells from different stages in their maturation/differentiation and account for 6.5% of all cancers around the world. During the last decade, it has been proven that the gut microbiota, more specifically the gastrointestinal commensal bacteria, is implicated in the genesis and progression of many diseases. The immune-modulating effects of the human microbiota extend well beyond the gut, mostly through the small molecules they produce. This review aims to summarize the current knowledge of the role of the microbiota in modulating the immune system, its role in hematological malignancies, and its influence on different therapies for these diseases, including autologous and allogeneic stem cell transplantation, chemotherapy, and chimeric antigen receptor T cells.
Collapse
|
20
|
Ding L, Li W, Liang L, Huang Z, Li N, Zhang J, Shi H, Storey KB, Hong M. Modulation of the intestinal barrier adaptive functions in red-eared slider (Trachemys scripta elegans) invading brackish waters. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 751:141744. [PMID: 32890802 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Globally, the increase in sea levels is leading to salinization of freshwater, which might influence the freshwater organisms such as red-eared slider, Trachemys scripta elegans. The turtle can invade brackish water environments, in which it must deal with elevated salinity in the gastrointestinal tract that could impact the intestinal function. The intestinal barrier provides a front-line of organismal defense against the chemical and biological environmental insults. In this study, the adaptive functions of the intestinal barrier including intestinal histomorphology, genes involved in intestinal barrier functions, and the intestinal micro-ecosystem were analyzed in the turtles exposed to freshwater (S0), 5‰ salinity (S5) and 15‰ salinity (S15) water for 30 days. The results showed that the intestine of T. s. elegans maintained normal histomorphological structure in the S5 group, whereas the villus height, crypt depth and the number of goblet cells in the S15 group were lower than that in the S5 and S0 groups. In addition, the relative expression levels of epithelial tight junction-related genes and intestinal immune-related genes in the gut were significantly upregulated in the S15 group, compared to the freshwater group. Mucin-2 gene expression was downregulated, but mucin-1 transcript levels were upregulated in salinity-treated groups. Furthermore, the abundances of phylum Proteobacteria, and genera Morganella and Aeromonas in the intestine were particularly enhanced in the S15 group than the S0 and S5 groups. Taken together, these results indicate that the intestinal barrier plays a protective role in T. s. elegans adaptation to brackish water environments. Our results provide a perspective on the evolution of salinity tolerance and help to evaluate the potential danger of the turtle to other species, and understand the challenges that other species must meet with rising sea levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Ding
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology of Hainan Province, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China
| | - Weihao Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology of Hainan Province, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China
| | - Lingyue Liang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology of Hainan Province, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China
| | - Zubin Huang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology of Hainan Province, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China
| | - Na Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology of Hainan Province, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China
| | - Jiliang Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology of Hainan Province, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China
| | - Haitao Shi
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology of Hainan Province, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China
| | - Kenneth B Storey
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Meiling Hong
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology of Hainan Province, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Xue J, Ajuwon KM, Fang R. Mechanistic insight into the gut microbiome and its interaction with host immunity and inflammation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 6:421-428. [PMID: 33364458 PMCID: PMC7750791 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2020.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The intestinal tract is a host to 100 trillion of microbes that have co-evolved with mammals over the millennia. These commensal organisms are critical to the host survival. The roles that symbiotic microorganisms play in the digestion, absorption, and metabolism of nutrients have been clearly demonstrated. Additionally, commensals are indispensable in regulating host immunity. This is evidenced by the poorly developed gut immune system of germ-free mice, which can be corrected by transplantation of specific commensal bacteria. Recent advances in our understanding of the mechanism of host–microbial interaction have provided the basis for this interaction. This paper reviews some of these key studies, with a specific focus on the effect of the microbiome on the immune organ development, nonspecific immunity, specific immunity, and inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junjing Xue
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China.,Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
| | - Kolapo M Ajuwon
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907-2054, United States
| | - Rejun Fang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China.,Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Rossi G, Pengo G, Galosi L, Berardi S, Tambella AM, Attili AR, Gavazza A, Cerquetella M, Jergens AE, Guard BC, Lidbury JA, Stainer JM, Crovace AM, Suchodolski JS. Effects of the Probiotic Mixture Slab51® (SivoMixx®) as Food Supplement in Healthy Dogs: Evaluation of Fecal Microbiota, Clinical Parameters and Immune Function. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:613. [PMID: 33102555 PMCID: PMC7499176 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota plays a crucial role in several physiologic functions of the host. In humans and animals, manipulation of the intestinal microbiota by oral administration of probiotic lactic acid bacteria plays a significant role in modulating the immune system. The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety of the probiotic mixture Slab51® and the capacity of this mixture to stimulate immune function in healthy dogs. Twenty dogs were divided in two groups and received a control diet or the same diet supplemented with a dose of 400 billion cfu of lyophilized bacteria for a period of 60 days. Body weight, food intake, body condition score (BCS), fecal score (FSS), fecal immunoglobulin IgA concentration, plasma IgG concentration, and fecal microbiota composition were monitored. Weight, food intake, BCS, FSS, and biochemical parameters remained unchanged during the treatment in both groups of animals. The fecal microbiota showed a significant decrease in the abundance of Clostridium perfringens and a significant increase in the abundance of beneficial Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus organisms (p < 0.05). Fecal IgA and plasma IgG levels were significantly higher in the group receiving the probiotic compared to healthy controls. These data show that dietary supplementation with the probiotic mixture Slab51® is safe and well-tolerated, modulating the composition of the intestinal microbiota, and enhancing specific immune functions in healthy dogs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Rossi
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Matelica, Italy
| | | | - Livio Galosi
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Matelica, Italy
| | - Sara Berardi
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Matelica, Italy
| | - Adolfo Maria Tambella
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Matelica, Italy
| | - Anna Rita Attili
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Matelica, Italy
| | - Alessandra Gavazza
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Matelica, Italy
| | - Matteo Cerquetella
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Matelica, Italy
| | - Albert E Jergens
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Blake C Guard
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Jonathan A Lidbury
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Joerg M Stainer
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Alberto Maria Crovace
- Department of Emergency and Organs Transplantation (DETO), Veterinary Clinic Section and Animal Production - Veterinary Hospital, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Valenzano, Italy
| | - Jan S Suchodolski
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Graversen KB, Bahl MI, Larsen JM, Ballegaard ASR, Licht TR, Bøgh KL. Short-Term Amoxicillin-Induced Perturbation of the Gut Microbiota Promotes Acute Intestinal Immune Regulation in Brown Norway Rats. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:496. [PMID: 32292395 PMCID: PMC7135894 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal gut microbiota is essential for maintaining host health. Concerns have been raised about the possible connection between antibiotic use, causing microbiota disturbances, and the increase in allergic and autoimmune diseases observed during the last decades. To elucidate the putative connection between antibiotic use and immune regulation, we have assessed the effects of the antibiotic amoxicillin on immune regulation, protein uptake, and bacterial community structure in a Brown Norway rat model. Daily intra-gastric administration of amoxicillin resulted in an immediate and dramatic shift in fecal microbiota, characterized by a reduction of within sample (α) diversity, reduced variation between animals (β diversity), increased relative abundance of Bacteroidetes and Gammaproteobacteria, with concurrent reduction of Firmicutes, compared to a water control group. In the small intestine, amoxicillin also affected microbiota composition significantly, but in a different way than observed in feces. The small intestine of control animals was vastly dominated by Lactobacillus, but this genus was much less abundant in the amoxicillin group. Instead, multiple different genera expanded after amoxicillin administration, with high variation between individual animals, thus the small intestinal α and β diversity were higher in the amoxicillin group compared to controls. After 1 week of daily amoxicillin administration, total fecal IgA level, relative abundance of small intestinal regulatory T cells and goblet cell numbers were higher in the amoxicillin group compared to controls. Several bacterial genera, including Escherichia/Shigella, Klebsiella (Gammaproteobacteria), and Bifidobacterium, for which the relative abundance was higher in the small intestine in the amoxicillin group than in controls, were positively correlated with the fraction of small intestinal regulatory T cells. Despite of epidemiologic studies showing an association between early life antibiotic consumption and later prevalence of inflammatory bowel diseases and food allergies, our findings surprisingly indicated that amoxicillin-induced perturbation of the gut microbiota promotes acute immune regulation. We speculate that the observed increase in relative abundance of small intestinal regulatory T cells is partly mediated by immunomodulatory lipopolysaccharides derived from outgrowth of Gammaproteobacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Martin Iain Bahl
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jeppe Madura Larsen
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - Tine Rask Licht
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Liu J, Clayton K, Gao W, Li Y, Zealey C, Budylowski P, Schwartz J, Yue FY, Bie Y, Rini J, Ostrowski M. Trimeric HIV-1 gp140 fused with APRIL, BAFF, and CD40L on the mucosal gp140-specific antibody responses in mice. Vaccine 2020; 38:2149-2159. [PMID: 32014267 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.01.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
HIV-1 envelope (Env)-specific antibody present at mucosal surfaces can block entry of HIV-1 into these portals and thus should be elicited by an HIV-1 preventive vaccine. Since three molecules of tumor necrosis factor superfamily (TNFSF), APRIL, BAFF, and CD40L, could promote mucosal antibody responses, we made fusion constructs of them with an HIV-1 gp140 trimer and tested the mucosal gp140-specific antibody elicited by the fusion constructs in mice using a DNA prime-protein boost vaccination regimen. The fusion constructs formed trimers and displayed both broadly neutralizing antibody epitopes and non-broadly neutralizing antibody epitopes. Compared with the control construct, trimeric gp140, trimeric gp140-APRIL and gp140-BAFF fusion proteins mildly promoted B cell proliferation in vitro, enhanced HIV-1 gp140-binding IgG responses in vaginal lavage or fecal pellets, respectively, and decreased HIV-1 gp140-binding IgA in sera. Gp140-APRIL also augmented HIV-1 gp140-binding IgG in sera. Surprisingly, gp140-CD40L did not promote B cell proliferation in vitro and inhibited mucosal and systemic HIV-1 gp140-binding IgG or IgA. These results suggest that APRIL and BAFF should be further explored as molecular adjuvants for HIV-1 vaccines to enhance mucosal antibody responses, but covalent fusion of TNFSFs to gp140 may hinder their adjuvancy due to steric interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Liu
- Clinical Sciences Division, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Kiera Clayton
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wenbo Gao
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yu Li
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chris Zealey
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Patrick Budylowski
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jordan Schwartz
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Feng Yun Yue
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yuan Bie
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - James Rini
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mario Ostrowski
- Clinical Sciences Division, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
A Novel Mouse Model of Enteric Vibrio parahaemolyticus Infection Reveals that the Type III Secretion System 2 Effector VopC Plays a Key Role in Tissue Invasion and Gastroenteritis. mBio 2019; 10:mBio.02608-19. [PMID: 31848276 PMCID: PMC6918077 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02608-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Gram-negative marine bacterium Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a common cause of infectious gastroenteritis due to the ingestion of contaminated seafood. Most virulent V. parahaemolyticus strains encode two type III secretion systems (T3SS1 and T3SS2); however, the roles they and their translocated effectors play in causing intestinal disease remain unclear. While studies have identified T3SS1 effectors as responsible for killing epithelial cells in culture, the T3SS2 effectors caused massive epithelial cell disruption in a rabbit ileal loop model. Additional models are thus needed to clarify the pathogen-host interactions that drive V. parahaemolyticus-associated gastroenteritis. Germfree mice were infected with a pathogenic clinical isolate of V. parahaemolyticus, RIMD2210633 (RIMD). The pathogen was found to adhere to as well as invade the cecal mucosa, accompanied by severe inflammation and dramatic mucosal damage, including widespread sloughing of infected epithelial cells. Mice infected with a V. parahaemolyticus strain lacking the T3SS1 (POR2) also developed severe pathology, similar to that seen with RIMD. In contrast, the ΔT3SS2 strain (POR3) appeared unable to invade the intestinal mucosa or cause any mucosal pathology. Confirming a role for TS332 effectors, a strain expressing the T3SS2 but lacking VopC (POR2ΔvopC), a T3SS2 effector implicated in epithelial cell invasion in culture, was strongly attenuated in invading the intestinal mucosa and in causing gastroenteritis, although infection with this mutant resulted in more pathology than the ΔT3SS2 strain. We thus present an experimental system that enables further characterization of T3SS effectors as well as the corresponding host inflammatory response involved in the gastroenteritis caused by invasive V. parahaemolyticus IMPORTANCE Vibrio parahaemolyticus causes severe gastroenteritis following consumption of contaminated seafood. Global warming has allowed this pathogen to spread worldwide, contributing to recent outbreaks. Clinical isolates are known to harbor an array of virulence factors, including T3SS1 and T3SS2; however, the precise role these systems play in intestinal disease remains unclear. There is an urgent need to improve our understanding of how V. parahaemolyticus infects hosts and causes disease. We present a novel mouse model for this facultative intracellular pathogen and observe that the T3SS2 is essential to pathogenicity. Moreover, we show that the T3SS2 effector VopC, previously shown to be a Rac and Cdc42 deamidase that facilitates bacterial uptake by nonphagocytic cells, also plays a key role in the ability of V. parahaemolyticus to invade the intestinal mucosa and cause gastroenteritis. This experimental model thus provides a valuable tool for future elucidation of virulence mechanisms used by this facultative intracellular pathogen during in vivo infection.
Collapse
|
26
|
Kumpitsch C, Koskinen K, Schöpf V, Moissl-Eichinger C. The microbiome of the upper respiratory tract in health and disease. BMC Biol 2019; 17:87. [PMID: 31699101 PMCID: PMC6836414 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-019-0703-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The human upper respiratory tract (URT) offers a variety of niches for microbial colonization. Local microbial communities are shaped by the different characteristics of the specific location within the URT, but also by the interaction with both external and intrinsic factors, such as ageing, diseases, immune responses, olfactory function, and lifestyle habits such as smoking. We summarize here the current knowledge about the URT microbiome in health and disease, discuss methodological issues, and consider the potential of the nasal microbiome to be used for medical diagnostics and as a target for therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christina Kumpitsch
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Kaisa Koskinen
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Veronika Schöpf
- Institute of Psychology, University of Graz, Universitaetsplatz 2, 8010 Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, Mozartgasse 12/II, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Present address: Medical University Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christine Moissl-Eichinger
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6, 8010 Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, Mozartgasse 12/II, 8010 Graz, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Gomez DE, Galvão KN, Rodriguez-Lecompte JC, Costa MC. The Cattle Microbiota and the Immune System: An Evolving Field. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract 2019; 35:485-505. [PMID: 31590899 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvfa.2019.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
New insights into the host-microbiota relationship have recently emerged with the advancement of molecular technologies such as next-generation sequencing. This article presents the current knowledge regarding the interaction between bacteria and the immune system of the gut, the uterus, and the mammary gland of cattle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diego E Gomez
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, 2015 Southwest 16th Avenue, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA.
| | - Klibs N Galvão
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, 2015 Southwest 16th Avenue, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
| | - Juan C Rodriguez-Lecompte
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island C1A 4P3, Canada
| | - Marcio C Costa
- Department of Veterinary Biomedicine, University of Montreal, 3200 Rue Sicotte, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec J2S 2M2, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Hara S, Sasaki T, Satoh-Takayama N, Kanaya T, Kato T, Takikawa Y, Takahashi M, Tachibana N, Kim KS, Surh CD, Ohno H. Dietary Antigens Induce Germinal Center Responses in Peyer's Patches and Antigen-Specific IgA Production. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2432. [PMID: 31681315 PMCID: PMC6803481 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary induction sites for intestinal IgA are the gut-associated lymphoid tissues (GALT), such as Peyer's patches (PPs) and isolated lymphoid follicles (ILFs). The commensal microbiota is known to contribute to IgA production in the gut; however, the role of dietary antigens in IgA production is poorly understood. To understand the effect of dietary antigens on IgA production, post-weaning mice were maintained on an elemental diet without any large immunogenic molecules. We found that dietary antigens contribute to IgA production in PPs through induction of follicular helper T cells and germinal center B cells. The role of dietary antigens in the PP responses was further confirmed by adding bovine serum albumin (BSA) into the elemental diet. Although dietary antigens are important for PP responses, they have fewer effects than the microbiota on the development and maturation of ILFs. Furthermore, we demonstrated that dietary antigens are essential for a normal antigen-specific IgA response to Salmonella typhi serovar Typhimurium infection. These results provide new insights into the role of dietary antigens in the regulation of mucosal immune responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Satoko Hara
- Laboratory for Intestinal Ecosystem, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan.,Division of Immunobiology, Department of Medical Life Science, Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takaharu Sasaki
- Laboratory for Intestinal Ecosystem, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Naoko Satoh-Takayama
- Laboratory for Intestinal Ecosystem, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takashi Kanaya
- Laboratory for Intestinal Ecosystem, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan.,Division of Immunobiology, Department of Medical Life Science, Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Tamotsu Kato
- Laboratory for Intestinal Ecosystem, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan.,Division of Immunobiology, Department of Medical Life Science, Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yui Takikawa
- Laboratory for Intestinal Ecosystem, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan.,Division of Immunobiology, Department of Medical Life Science, Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Masumi Takahashi
- Laboratory for Intestinal Ecosystem, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Naoko Tachibana
- Laboratory for Intestinal Ecosystem, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kwang Soon Kim
- Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Academy of Immunology and Microbiology, Pohang, South Korea
| | - Charles D Surh
- Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Academy of Immunology and Microbiology, Pohang, South Korea
| | - Hiroshi Ohno
- Laboratory for Intestinal Ecosystem, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan.,Division of Immunobiology, Department of Medical Life Science, Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan.,Kanagawa Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, Kanagawa, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Trevelline BK, MacLeod KJ, Knutie SA, Langkilde T, Kohl KD. In ovo microbial communities: a potential mechanism for the initial acquisition of gut microbiota among oviparous birds and lizards. Biol Lett 2019; 14:rsbl.2018.0225. [PMID: 30021862 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2018.0225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Vertebrate gut microbiota mediate critical physiological processes known to affect host fitness, but the mechanisms that expose wildlife to pioneer members of this important microbial community are not well understood. For example, oviparous vertebrates are thought to acquire gut microbiota through post-natal exposure to the external environment, but recent evidence from placental mammals suggests that the vertebrate reproductive tract harbours microbiota that may inoculate offspring in utero These findings suggest that oviparous vertebrates may be capable of acquiring pioneer microbiota in ovo, but this phenomenon remains unexplored. To fill this knowledge gap, we used culture-independent inventories to determine if the eggs of wild birds and lizards harboured in ovo microbial communities. Our approach revealed distinct in ovo bacterial communities, but fungal communities were indistinguishable from controls. Further, lizard eggs from the same clutch had bacterial community structures that were more similar to each other than to unrelated individuals. These results suggest that oviparous vertebrates may acquire maternal microbiota in ovo, possibly through the inoculation of egg yolk prior to shelling. Therefore, this study may provide a first glimpse of a phenomenon with substantial implications for our understanding of the ecological and evolutionary factors shaping gut microbial communities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian K Trevelline
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Kirsty J MacLeod
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16801, USA.,Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16801, USA
| | - Sarah A Knutie
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Tracy Langkilde
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16801, USA
| | - Kevin D Kohl
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Lombana TN, Rajan S, Zorn JA, Mandikian D, Chen EC, Estevez A, Yip V, Bravo DD, Phung W, Farahi F, Viajar S, Lee S, Gill A, Sandoval W, Wang J, Ciferri C, Boswell CA, Matsumoto ML, Spiess C. Production, characterization, and in vivo half-life extension of polymeric IgA molecules in mice. MAbs 2019; 11:1122-1138. [PMID: 31122132 PMCID: PMC6748581 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2019.1622940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
IgA antibodies have broad potential as a novel therapeutic platform based on their superior receptor-mediated cytotoxic activity, potent neutralization of pathogens, and ability to transcytose across mucosal barriers via polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR)-mediated transport, compared to traditional IgG-based drugs. However, the transition of IgA into clinical development has been challenged by complex expression and characterization, as well as rapid serum clearance that is thought to be mediated by glycan receptor scavenging of recombinantly produced IgA monomer bearing incompletely sialylated N-linked glycans. Here, we present a comprehensive biochemical, biophysical, and structural characterization of recombinantly produced monomeric, dimeric and polymeric human IgA. We further explore two strategies to overcome the rapid serum clearance of polymeric IgA: removal of all N-linked glycosylation sites creating an aglycosylated polymeric IgA and engineering in FcRn binding with the generation of a polymeric IgG-IgA Fc fusion. While previous reports and the results presented in this study indicate that glycan-mediated clearance plays a major role for monomeric IgA, systemic clearance of polymeric IgA in mice is predominantly controlled by mechanisms other than glycan receptor clearance, such as pIgR-mediated transcytosis. The developed IgA platform now provides the potential to specifically target pIgR expressing tissues, while maintaining low systemic exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Noelle Lombana
- a Department of Antibody Engineering, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Sharmila Rajan
- b Department of Preclinical and Translational Pharmacokinetics, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Julie A Zorn
- c Department of Structural Biology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Danielle Mandikian
- b Department of Preclinical and Translational Pharmacokinetics, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Eugene C Chen
- d Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Alberto Estevez
- c Department of Structural Biology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Victor Yip
- b Department of Preclinical and Translational Pharmacokinetics, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Daniel D Bravo
- e Department of Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Wilson Phung
- f Department of Microchemistry, Proteomics and Lipidomics, Genentech Inc. , South San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Farzam Farahi
- a Department of Antibody Engineering, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Sharon Viajar
- a Department of Antibody Engineering, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Sophia Lee
- a Department of Antibody Engineering, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Avinash Gill
- a Department of Antibody Engineering, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Wendy Sandoval
- f Department of Microchemistry, Proteomics and Lipidomics, Genentech Inc. , South San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Jianyong Wang
- e Department of Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Claudio Ciferri
- c Department of Structural Biology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - C Andrew Boswell
- b Department of Preclinical and Translational Pharmacokinetics, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Marissa L Matsumoto
- c Department of Structural Biology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Christoph Spiess
- a Department of Antibody Engineering, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco , CA , USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Sun X, Jia Z. Microbiome modulates intestinal homeostasis against inflammatory diseases. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2018; 205:97-105. [PMID: 30459007 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2018.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Eliminating prophylactic antibiotics in food animal production has exerted pressure on discovering antimicrobial alternatives (e.g. microbiome) to reduce elevated intestinal diseases. Intestinal tract is a complex ecosystem coupling host cells with microbiota. The microbiota and its metabolic activities and products are collectively called microbiome. Intestinal homeostasis is reached through dynamic and delicate crosstalk between host immunity and microbiome. However, this balance can be occasionally broken, which results in intestinal inflammatory diseases such as human Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, chicken necrotic enteritis, and swine postweaning diarrhea. In this review, we introduce the intestinal immune system, intestinal microbiome, and microbiome modulation of inflammation against intestinal diseases. The purpose of this review is to provide updated knowledge on host-microbe interaction and to promote using microbiome as new antimicrobial strategies to reduce intestinal diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolun Sun
- Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, United States.
| | - Zhenquan Jia
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27402, United States
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Powell DA, Ma M, So M, Frelinger JA. The Commensal Neisseria musculi Modulates Host Innate Immunity To Promote Oral Colonization. Immunohorizons 2018; 2:305-313. [PMID: 31022695 PMCID: PMC6873461 DOI: 10.4049/immunohorizons.1800070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Neisseria musculi, isolated from the oral cavity of wild-caught mice, does not colonize most inbred mouse strains. N. musculi does weakly (50%) colonize C57BL/6J (B6) mice but readily colonizes CAST/EiJ (CAST) mice. In this study, we examined whether differences in the CAST and B6 host response could elucidate mechanisms governing N. musculi colonization. In vivo stimulation of B6 or CAST splenocytes with wild type (WT) Neisseria or Escherichia coli LPS showed that CAST mice had a blunted inflammatory response, producing significantly lower levels of IL-6 than B6 mice. The use of specific genetic knockouts highlighted a need for an intact innate immune system to prevent colonization. B6-RAG-1-/- mice were colonized at a similar rate as WT B6 mice, whereas B6-MyD88-/- and TLR4-/- mice were readily colonized like CAST (100%) mice. Sequence analysis revealed a unique point mutation in TLR4 in CAST mice. However, crosses to TLR4-/- mice and analysis of recombinant inbred Collaborative Cross mice showed that TLR4 from CAST mice was not sufficient to allow Neisseria colonization. In vitro stimulation of B6 bone marrow-derived macrophages or splenocytes with WT Neisseria yielded low levels of IL-6 compared with LPS stimulation. Surprisingly, UV-inactivated Neisseria induced high levels of IL-6, suggesting suppression of IL-6 production is an active bacterial process. Consistent with a critical role for IL-6 in preventing colonization, mice deficient for the IL-6 receptor were efficiently colonized, indicating host IL-6 production plays a critical role in determining host colonization susceptibility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Powell
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724; .,Valley Fever Center for Excellence, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724; and
| | - Mancheong Ma
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724.,BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724
| | - Magdalene So
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724.,BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724
| | - Jeffrey A Frelinger
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724.,Valley Fever Center for Excellence, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724; and
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Commensal microbiota induces colonic barrier structure and functions that contribute to homeostasis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14184. [PMID: 30242285 PMCID: PMC6155058 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32366-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The intestinal barrier encompasses structural, permeability and immune aspects of the gut mucosa that, when disrupted, may contribute to chronic inflammation. Although gnotobiotic studies have demonstrated the effects of microbiota on mucosal and systemic immunity, as well as intestinal barrier architecture and innate immune characteristics, its impact on barrier function remains unclear. We compared germ-free and conventional mice, as well as mice colonized with human fecal microbiota that were followed for 21 days post-colonization. Colonic barrier structure was investigated by immunohistochemistry, molecular and electron microscopy techniques. Permeability was assessed in colon tissue by Ussing chambers, and by serum LPS and MDP detection using TLR4- and NOD2-NFκB reporter assays. Microbiota profile was determined by Illumina 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Low dose dextran sodium sulfate was administered to assess microbiota-induced barrier changes on resistance to colonic injury. Permeability to paracellular probes and mucus layer structure resembled that of conventional mice by day 7 post-colonization, coinciding with reduced claudin-1 expression and transient IL-18 production by intestinal epithelial cells. These post-colonization adaptations were associated with decreased systemic bacterial antigen exposure and reduced susceptibility to intestinal injury. In conclusion, commensal colonization promotes physiological barrier structural and functional adaptations that contribute to intestinal homeostasis.
Collapse
|
34
|
Parker A, Lawson MAE, Vaux L, Pin C. Host-microbe interaction in the gastrointestinal tract. Environ Microbiol 2018; 20:2337-2353. [PMID: 28892253 PMCID: PMC6175405 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.13926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract is a highly complex organ in which multiple dynamic physiological processes are tightly coordinated while interacting with a dense and extremely diverse microbial population. From establishment in early life, through to host-microbe symbiosis in adulthood, the gut microbiota plays a vital role in our development and health. The effect of the microbiota on gut development and physiology is highlighted by anatomical and functional changes in germ-free mice, affecting the gut epithelium, immune system and enteric nervous system. Microbial colonisation promotes competent innate and acquired mucosal immune systems, epithelial renewal, barrier integrity, and mucosal vascularisation and innervation. Interacting or shared signalling pathways across different physiological systems of the gut could explain how all these changes are coordinated during postnatal colonisation, or after the introduction of microbiota into germ-free models. The application of cell-based in-vitro experimental systems and mathematical modelling can shed light on the molecular and signalling pathways which regulate the development and maintenance of homeostasis in the gut and beyond.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aimée Parker
- Quadram Institute BioscienceNorwich Research ParkNR4 7UAUK
| | | | - Laura Vaux
- Quadram Institute BioscienceNorwich Research ParkNR4 7UAUK
| | - Carmen Pin
- Quadram Institute BioscienceNorwich Research ParkNR4 7UAUK
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Chen YE, Fischbach MA, Belkaid Y. Skin microbiota-host interactions. Nature 2018; 553:427-436. [PMID: 29364286 DOI: 10.1038/nature25177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 379] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The skin is a complex and dynamic ecosystem that is inhabited by bacteria, archaea, fungi and viruses. These microbes-collectively referred to as the skin microbiota-are fundamental to skin physiology and immunity. Interactions between skin microbes and the host can fall anywhere along the continuum between mutualism and pathogenicity. In this Review, we highlight how host-microbe interactions depend heavily on context, including the state of immune activation, host genetic predisposition, barrier status, microbe localization, and microbe-microbe interactions. We focus on how context shapes the complex dialogue between skin microbes and the host, and the consequences of this dialogue for health and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Erin Chen
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.,Department of Bioengineering and ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Michael A Fischbach
- Department of Bioengineering and ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Yasmine Belkaid
- NIAID Microbiome Program, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Mucosal Immunology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Donaldson GP, Ladinsky MS, Yu KB, Sanders JG, Yoo BB, Chou WC, Conner ME, Earl AM, Knight R, Bjorkman PJ, Mazmanian SK. Gut microbiota utilize immunoglobulin A for mucosal colonization. Science 2018; 360:795-800. [PMID: 29724905 DOI: 10.1126/science.aaq0926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 377] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The immune system responds vigorously to microbial infection while permitting lifelong colonization by the microbiome. Mechanisms that facilitate the establishment and stability of the gut microbiota remain poorly described. We found that a regulatory system in the prominent human commensal Bacteroides fragilis modulates its surface architecture to invite binding of immunoglobulin A (IgA) in mice. Specific immune recognition facilitated bacterial adherence to cultured intestinal epithelial cells and intimate association with the gut mucosal surface in vivo. The IgA response was required for B. fragilis (and other commensal species) to occupy a defined mucosal niche that mediates stable colonization of the gut through exclusion of exogenous competitors. Therefore, in addition to its role in pathogen clearance, we propose that IgA responses can be co-opted by the microbiome to engender robust host-microbial symbiosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G P Donaldson
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.
| | - M S Ladinsky
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - K B Yu
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - J G Sanders
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, CA 92110, USA.,Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - B B Yoo
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - W-C Chou
- Infectious Disease and Microbiome Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - M E Conner
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - A M Earl
- Infectious Disease and Microbiome Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - R Knight
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, CA 92110, USA.,Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - P J Bjorkman
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - S K Mazmanian
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Jahnsen FL, Bækkevold ES, Hov JR, Landsverk OJ. Do Long-Lived Plasma Cells Maintain a Healthy Microbiota in the Gut? Trends Immunol 2018; 39:196-208. [DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2017.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
38
|
Rajpoot M, Sharma AK, Sharma A, Gupta GK. Understanding the microbiome: Emerging biomarkers for exploiting the microbiota for personalized medicine against cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2018; 52:1-8. [PMID: 29425888 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Revised: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The human body is a home to more than 1 trillion microbes with a diverse variety of commensal microbes that play a crucial role towards the health of the individual. These microbes occupy different habitats such as gut, skin, vagina, oral etc. Not only the types and abundance of microbes are different in different organs, but also these may differ in different individuals. The genome of these microbiota and their ecosystem constitute to form a microbiome. Factors such as diet, environment, host genetics etc. may be the reason behind the wide microbial diversity. A number of studies performed on human microbiome have revealed that microbiota present in healthy and diseased individuals are distinct. Altered microbiome is many a times the reason behind the overexpression of genes which may cause complex diseases including cancer. Manipulation of the human microbiome can be done by microbial supplements such as probiotics or synbiotics, diet or prebiotics and microbial suppression strategies using antibiotics. Recent advances in genome sequencing technologies and metagenomic analysis provide us the broader understanding of these commensal microbes and highlighting the distinctive features of microbiome during healthy and disease states. Molecular pathological epidemiology (MPE) studies have been very helpful in providing insights into the pathological process behind disease evolution and progression by determining the specific etiological factors. New emerging field of research targets the microbiome for therapeutic purposes by which personalized medicines can be made for treating various types of tumors. Screening programmes might be helpful in identifying patients who are at the verge of developing cancer and in delivering appropriate approaches according to individual risk modes so that disease could be prevented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meenakshi Rajpoot
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar University, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, 133207, India
| | - Anil K Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar University, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, 133207, India.
| | - Anil Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo School of Medicine, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Girish Kumar Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, M. M. College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar University, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, 133207, India
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Volf J, Polansky O, Sekelova Z, Velge P, Schouler C, Kaspers B, Rychlik I. Gene expression in the chicken caecum is dependent on microbiota composition. Vet Res 2017; 48:85. [PMID: 29202873 PMCID: PMC5716255 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-017-0493-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota is of considerable importance for each host. Despite this, germ-free animals can be obtained and raised to sexual maturity and consequences of the presence or absence of gut microbiota on gene expression of the host remain uncharacterised. In this study, we performed an unbiased study of protein expression in the caecum of germ-free and colonised chickens. The major difference between these two groups was in the expression of immunoglobulins which were essentially absent in the germ-free chickens. Microbiota also caused a minor decrease in the expression of focal adhesion and extracellular matrix proteins and an increase in the expression of argininosuccinate synthase ASS1, redox potential sensing, fermentative metabolic processes and detoxification systems represented by sulfotransferases SULT1C3 or SULT1E1. Since we also analysed expression in the caecum of E. coli Nissle and E. faecium DSM7134 mono-associated chickens, we concluded that at least immunoglobulin expression and expression of cystathionine synthase (CBS) was dependent on microbiota composition with E. coli Nissle stimulating more immunoglobulin and PIGR expression and E. faecium DSM7134 stimulating more CBS expression. Gut microbiota and its composition therefore affected protein expression in the chicken caecum though except for immunoglobulin production, the remaining differences were unexpectedly low.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiri Volf
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, 621 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Polansky
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, 621 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Sekelova
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, 621 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Philippe Velge
- ISP, INRA, Université François Rabelais de Tours, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Catherine Schouler
- ISP, INRA, Université François Rabelais de Tours, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Bernd Kaspers
- Department for Veterinary Sciences, Institute for Animal Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Veterinastr. 13, 80539, Munich, Germany
| | - Ivan Rychlik
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, 621 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Perruzza L, Gargari G, Proietti M, Fosso B, D'Erchia AM, Faliti CE, Rezzonico-Jost T, Scribano D, Mauri L, Colombo D, Pellegrini G, Moregola A, Mooser C, Pesole G, Nicoletti M, Norata GD, Geuking MB, McCoy KD, Guglielmetti S, Grassi F. T Follicular Helper Cells Promote a Beneficial Gut Ecosystem for Host Metabolic Homeostasis by Sensing Microbiota-Derived Extracellular ATP. Cell Rep 2017; 18:2566-2575. [PMID: 28297661 PMCID: PMC5368345 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.02.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The ATP-gated ionotropic P2X7 receptor regulates T follicular helper (Tfh) cell abundance in the Peyer’s patches (PPs) of the small intestine; deletion of P2rx7, encoding for P2X7, in Tfh cells results in enhanced IgA secretion and binding to commensal bacteria. Here, we show that Tfh cell activity is important for generating a diverse bacterial community in the gut and that sensing of microbiota-derived extracellular ATP via P2X7 promotes the generation of a proficient gut ecosystem for metabolic homeostasis. The results of this study indicate that Tfh cells play a role in host-microbiota mutualism beyond protecting the intestinal mucosa by induction of affinity-matured IgA and suggest that extracellular ATP constitutes an inter-kingdom signaling molecule important for selecting a beneficial microbial community for the host via P2X7-mediated regulation of B cell help. P2X7 receptor activity in Tfh cells is important for shaping the gut microbiota Control of secretory IgA by Tfh cells promotes a healthy gut ecosystem Lack of P2X7 in Tfh cells results in selection of an obesogenic microbiota Sensing of extracellular ATP by P2X7 in Tfh cells promotes host metabolic balance
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Perruzza
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera Italiana, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland; Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, 3001 Bern 9, Switzerland
| | - Giorgio Gargari
- Department of Food, Environmental, and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Michele Proietti
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera Italiana, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Bruno Fosso
- Institute of Biomembranes and Bioenergetics, National Research Council, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Anna Maria D'Erchia
- Institute of Biomembranes and Bioenergetics, National Research Council, 70126 Bari, Italy; Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Caterina Elisa Faliti
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera Italiana, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland; Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, 3001 Bern 9, Switzerland
| | - Tanja Rezzonico-Jost
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera Italiana, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Daniela Scribano
- Department of Medical and Oral Sciences and Biotechnologies, University "Gabriele D'Annunzio", 66100 Chieti, Italy; Departement of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University "La Sapienza" of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Mauri
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine (BIOMETRA), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20129 Milan, Italy
| | - Diego Colombo
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine (BIOMETRA), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20129 Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Pellegrini
- Laboratory for Animal Model Pathology, Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Annalisa Moregola
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences (DiSFeB), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Catherine Mooser
- Maurice Müller Laboratories, Universitätsklinik für Viszerale Chirurgie und Medizin (UVCM), University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Graziano Pesole
- Institute of Biomembranes and Bioenergetics, National Research Council, 70126 Bari, Italy; Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Mauro Nicoletti
- Department of Medical and Oral Sciences and Biotechnologies, University "Gabriele D'Annunzio", 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Danilo Norata
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences (DiSFeB), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6845, Australia
| | - Markus B Geuking
- Maurice Müller Laboratories, Universitätsklinik für Viszerale Chirurgie und Medizin (UVCM), University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases and Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Kathy D McCoy
- Maurice Müller Laboratories, Universitätsklinik für Viszerale Chirurgie und Medizin (UVCM), University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology and Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Simone Guglielmetti
- Department of Food, Environmental, and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Grassi
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera Italiana, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland; Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine (BIOMETRA), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20129 Milan, Italy; Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi," 20122 Milan, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Herich
- Institute of Pathological Anatomy, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Košice, Slovakia
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Abstract
Disruptions to the microbiota can have pathological consequences, which highlights the need to understand the factors that contribute to its stability. Although decades of research have focused on the importance of IgA during pathogenic infection, much of the IgA that is generated in the gut targets the resident commensal microorganisms. Despite this observation, the role of antibodies in regulating microbiota composition remains controversial and poorly understood. Here we propose that antibodies generated in response to microbial colonization of the gut shape the composition of the microbiota to benefit the health of the host through a process that we term antibody-mediated immunoselection (AMIS). Given the exquisite specificity of antibodies and an emerging interest in the use of immunotherapies, we suggest that understanding AMIS of the microbiota will highlight novel uses of antibodies to manipulate microbial communities for therapeutic benefit.
Collapse
|
43
|
Longin C, Petitgonnet C, Guilloux-Benatier M, Rousseaux S, Alexandre H. Application of flow cytometry to wine microorganisms. Food Microbiol 2016; 62:221-231. [PMID: 27889152 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2016.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Flow cytometry (FCM) is a powerful technique allowing detection and enumeration of microbial populations in food and during food process. Thanks to the fluorescent dyes used and specific probes, FCM provides information about cell physiological state and allows enumeration of a microorganism in a mixed culture. Thus, this technique is increasingly used to quantify pathogen, spoilage microorganisms and microorganisms of interest. Since one decade, FCM applications to the wine field increase greatly to determine population and physiological state of microorganisms performing alcoholic and malolactic fermentations. Wine spoilage microorganisms were also studied. In this review we briefly describe FCM principles. Next, a deep revision concerning enumeration of wine microorganisms by FCM is presented including the fluorescent dyes used and techniques allowing a yeast and bacteria species specific enumeration. Then, the last chapter is dedicated to fluorescent dyes which are used to date in fluorescent microscopy but applicable in FCM. This chapter also describes other interesting "future" techniques which could be applied to study the wine microorganisms. Thus, this review seeks to highlight the main advantages of the flow cytometry applied to wine microbiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cédric Longin
- Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, AgroSup Dijon, PAM UMR A 02.102, F-21000 Dijon, France; Institut Universitaire de la Vigne et du Vin, Equipe VAlMiS, rue Claude Ladrey, BP 27877, F-21078 Dijon, France
| | - Clément Petitgonnet
- Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, AgroSup Dijon, PAM UMR A 02.102, F-21000 Dijon, France; Institut Universitaire de la Vigne et du Vin, Equipe VAlMiS, rue Claude Ladrey, BP 27877, F-21078 Dijon, France
| | - Michèle Guilloux-Benatier
- Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, AgroSup Dijon, PAM UMR A 02.102, F-21000 Dijon, France; Institut Universitaire de la Vigne et du Vin, Equipe VAlMiS, rue Claude Ladrey, BP 27877, F-21078 Dijon, France
| | - Sandrine Rousseaux
- Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, AgroSup Dijon, PAM UMR A 02.102, F-21000 Dijon, France; Institut Universitaire de la Vigne et du Vin, Equipe VAlMiS, rue Claude Ladrey, BP 27877, F-21078 Dijon, France
| | - Hervé Alexandre
- Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, AgroSup Dijon, PAM UMR A 02.102, F-21000 Dijon, France; Institut Universitaire de la Vigne et du Vin, Equipe VAlMiS, rue Claude Ladrey, BP 27877, F-21078 Dijon, France
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
The Microbiome, Timing, and Barrier Function in the Context of Allergic Disease. Immunity 2016; 44:728-38. [PMID: 27096316 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2016.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Allergic disease affects millions. Despite many advances in our understanding of the immune system in the past century, the physiologic underpinning for the existence of allergy remains largely mysterious. Food allergies, in particular, have increased dramatically in recent years, adding a new sense of urgency to unraveling this mystery. The concurrence of significant lifestyle changes in Western societies with increasing disease prevalence implies a causal link. Demographic variables that influence the composition and function of the commensal microbiota early in life seem to be most important. Identifying the evolutionary and physiologic foundations of allergic disease and defining what about our modern environment is responsible for its increased incidence will provide insights critical to the development of new approaches to prevention and treatment.
Collapse
|
45
|
Neuroimmunomodulation in the Gut: Focus on Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Mediators Inflamm 2016; 2016:1363818. [PMID: 27471349 PMCID: PMC4947661 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1363818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal immunity is finely regulated by several concomitant and overlapping mechanisms, in order to efficiently sense external stimuli and mount an adequate response of either tolerance or defense. In this context, a complex interplay between immune and nonimmune cells is responsible for the maintenance of normal homeostasis. However, in certain conditions, the disruption of such an intricate network may result in intestinal inflammation, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). IBD is believed to result from a combination of genetic and environmental factors acting in concert with an inappropriate immune response, which in turn interacts with nonimmune cells, including nervous system components. Currently, evidence shows that the interaction between the immune and the nervous system is bidirectional and plays a critical role in the regulation of intestinal inflammation. Recently, the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis has been shown to be under the reciprocal control of the microbiota by immune mechanisms, whereas intestinal microorganisms can modulate mucosal immunity. Therefore, in addition to presenting the mechanisms underlying the interaction between immune and nervous systems in the gut, here we discuss the role of the microbiota also in the regulation of neuroimmune crosstalk involved in intestinal homeostasis and inflammation, with potential implications to IBD pathogenesis.
Collapse
|
46
|
Antigen sampling by intestinal M cells is the principal pathway initiating mucosal IgA production to commensal enteric bacteria. Mucosal Immunol 2016; 9:907-16. [PMID: 26601902 PMCID: PMC4917673 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2015.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Secretory IgA (SIgA) directed against gut resident bacteria enables the mammalian mucosal immune system to establish homeostasis with the commensal gut microbiota after weaning. Germinal centers (GCs) in Peyer's patches (PPs) are the principal inductive sites where naive B cells specific for bacterial antigens encounter their cognate antigens and receive T-cell help driving their differentiation into IgA-producing plasma cells. We investigated the role of antigen sampling by intestinal M cells in initiating the SIgA response to gut bacteria by developing mice in which receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL)-dependent M-cell differentiation was abrogated by conditional deletion of Tnfrsf11a in the intestinal epithelium. Mice without intestinal M cells had profound delays in PP GC maturation and emergence of lamina propria IgA plasma cells, resulting in diminished levels of fecal SIgA that persisted into adulthood. We conclude that M-cell-mediated sampling of commensal bacteria is a required initial step for the efficient induction of intestinal SIgA.
Collapse
|
47
|
The Gut Microbiota and Immune System Relationship in Human Graft-versus-Host Disease. Mediterr J Hematol Infect Dis 2016; 8:e2016025. [PMID: 27158438 PMCID: PMC4848019 DOI: 10.4084/mjhid.2016.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota has gained increasing interest in the pathogenesis of immune-related diseases. In this context, graft-versus-host disease is a condition characterized by an immune response which frequently complicates and limits the outcomes of hematopoietic stem cell transplantations. Past studies, carried mostly in animals, already supported a relationship between gut microbiota and graft-versus-host disease. However, the possible mechanisms underlying this connection remain elusory. Moreover, strategies to prevent graft-versus-host disease are of great interest as well as the potential role of gut microbiota modulation. We reviewed the role of gut microbiota in the development of immune system and its involvement in the graft-versus-host disease, focusing on data available on humans.
Collapse
|
48
|
Bugging inflammation: role of the gut microbiota. Clin Transl Immunology 2016; 5:e72. [PMID: 27195115 PMCID: PMC4855262 DOI: 10.1038/cti.2016.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The advent of vaccination and improved hygiene have eliminated many of the deadly infectious pathogens in developed nations. However, the incidences of inflammatory diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease, asthma, obesity and diabetes are increasing dramatically. Research in the recent decades revealed that it is indeed the lack of early childhood microbial exposure, increase use of antibiotics, as well as increase consumption of processed foods high in carbohydrates and fats, and lacking fibre, which wreak havoc on the proper development of immunity and predispose the host to elevated inflammatory conditions. Although largely unexplored and under-appreciated until recent years, these factors impact significantly on the composition of the gut microbiota (a collection of microorganisms that live within the host mucosal tissue) and inadvertently play intricate and pivotal roles in modulating an appropriate host immune response. The suggestion that shifts in the composition of host microbiota is a risk factor for inflammatory disease raises an exciting opportunity whereby the microbiota may also present as a potential modifiable component or therapeutic target for inflammatory diseases. This review provides insights into the interactions between the microbiota and the immune system, how these affect disease phenotypes, and explore current and emerging therapies that target the gut microbiota as potential treatment for inflammatory diseases.
Collapse
|
49
|
Moor K, Wotzka SY, Toska A, Diard M, Hapfelmeier S, Slack E. Peracetic Acid Treatment Generates Potent Inactivated Oral Vaccines from a Broad Range of Culturable Bacterial Species. Front Immunol 2016; 7:34. [PMID: 26904024 PMCID: PMC4749699 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 01/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Our mucosal surfaces are the main sites of non-vector-borne pathogen entry, as well as the main interface with our commensal microbiota. We are still only beginning to understand how mucosal adaptive immunity interacts with commensal and pathogenic microbes to influence factors such as infectivity, phenotypic diversity, and within-host evolution. This is in part due to difficulties in generating specific mucosal adaptive immune responses without disrupting the mucosal microbial ecosystem itself. Here, we present a very simple tool to generate inactivated mucosal vaccines from a broad range of culturable bacteria. Oral gavage of 1010 peracetic acid-inactivated bacteria induces high-titer-specific intestinal IgA in the absence of any measurable inflammation or species invasion. As a proof of principle, we demonstrate that this technique is sufficient to provide fully protective immunity in the murine model of invasive non-typhoidal Salmonellosis, even in the face of severe innate immune deficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Moor
- Institute for Microbiology, ETH Zürich , Zürich , Switzerland
| | - Sandra Y Wotzka
- Institute for Microbiology, ETH Zürich , Zürich , Switzerland
| | - Albulena Toska
- Institute for Microbiology, ETH Zürich , Zürich , Switzerland
| | - Médéric Diard
- Institute for Microbiology, ETH Zürich , Zürich , Switzerland
| | | | - Emma Slack
- Institute for Microbiology, ETH Zürich , Zürich , Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
O’ Mahony SM, Stilling RM, Dinan TG, Cryan JF. The microbiome and childhood diseases: Focus on brain-gut axis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 105:296-313. [DOI: 10.1002/bdrc.21118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Siobhain M. O’ Mahony
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork; Cork Ireland
- Laboratory of Neurogastroenterology; APC Microbiome Institute; Cork Ireland
| | - Roman M. Stilling
- Laboratory of Neurogastroenterology; APC Microbiome Institute; Cork Ireland
| | - Timothy G. Dinan
- Laboratory of Neurogastroenterology; APC Microbiome Institute; Cork Ireland
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science; University College Cork; Cork Ireland
| | - John F. Cryan
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork; Cork Ireland
- Laboratory of Neurogastroenterology; APC Microbiome Institute; Cork Ireland
| |
Collapse
|