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Gonciarz W, Płoszaj P, Chmiela M. Mycobacterium bovis BCG reverses deleterious effects of H. pylori components towards gastric barrier cells in vitro. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 178:117193. [PMID: 39067167 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis) Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) strain used in immunotherapy of bladder cancer (onco-BCG) due to its acid tolerance can be a candidate for prevention or reversion of deleterious effects towards gastric cell barrier initiated by gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori (Hp) with high resistance to commonly used antibiotics. Colonization of gastric mucosa by Hp promotes oxidative stress, apoptosis resulting in the gastric barrier damage. The aim of this study was to examine the ability of onco-BCG bacilli to control the Hp driven gastric damage using the model of Cavia porcellus primary gastric epithelial cells or fibroblasts in vitro. These cells were treated with Hp surface antigens (glycine acid extract-GE or lipopolysaccharide-LPS) alone or with onco-BCG bacilli and evaluated for cell apoptosis and proliferation in conjunction with the level of soluble lipid peroxidation marker (s4HNE). The cell migration was determined by "wound healing assay", while cytokine response of cells, including interleukin (IL)-33, IL-1β, IL-8 and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), by the ELISA. The apoptosis of cells pulsed in vitro with Hp surface components present in GE or with LPS was reduced after exposure of cells to mycobacteria. Similarly, the cell regeneration which was diminished by Hp LPS has been improved in response to mycobacteria. This study reveals that vaccine mycobacteria may reduce gastric barrier damage induced by Hp infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weronika Gonciarz
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Institute of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Patrycja Płoszaj
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Institute of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Magdalena Chmiela
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Institute of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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2
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Schami A, Islam MN, Wall M, Hicks A, Meredith R, Kreiswirth B, Mathema B, Belisle JT, Torrelles JB. Drug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains have altered cell envelope hydrophobicity that influences infection outcomes in human macrophages. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.10.588986. [PMID: 38645029 PMCID: PMC11030328 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.10.588986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb), the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB), is considered one of the top infectious killers in the world. In recent decades, drug resistant (DR) strains of M.tb have emerged that make TB even more difficult to treat and pose a threat to public health. M.tb has a complex cell envelope that provides protection to the bacterium from chemotherapeutic agents. Although M.tb cell envelope lipids have been studied for decades, very little is known about how their levels change in relation to drug resistance. In this study, we examined changes in the cell envelope lipids [namely, phthiocerol dimycocerosates (PDIMs)], glycolipids [phosphatidyl-myo-inositol mannosides (PIMs)], and the PIM associated lipoglycans [lipomannan (LM); mannose-capped lipoarabinomannan (ManLAM)] of 11 M.tb strains that range from drug susceptible (DS) to multi-drug resistant (MDR) to pre-extensively drug resistant (pre-XDR). We show that there was an increase in the PDIMs:PIMs ratio as drug resistance increases, and provide evidence of PDIM species only present in the DR-M.tb strains studied. Overall, the LM and ManLAM cell envelope levels did not differ between DS- and DR-M.tb strains, but ManLAM surface exposure proportionally increased with drug resistance. Evaluation of host-pathogen interactions revealed that DR-M.tb strains have decreased association with human macrophages compared to DS strains. The pre-XDR M.tb strain with the largest PDIMs:PIMs ratio had decreased uptake, but increased intracellular growth rate at early time points post-infection when compared to the DS-M.tb strain H37Rv. These findings suggest that PDIMs may play an important role in drug resistance and that this observed increase in hydrophobic cell envelope lipids on the DR-M.tb strains studied may influence M.tb-host interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa Schami
- Population Health and Host Pathogen Interactions Programs, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Integrated Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - M. Nurul Islam
- Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Matthew Wall
- Population Health and Host Pathogen Interactions Programs, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Integrated Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Amberlee Hicks
- Population Health and Host Pathogen Interactions Programs, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Reagan Meredith
- Population Health and Host Pathogen Interactions Programs, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Barry Kreiswirth
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, NJ, USA
| | - Barun Mathema
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - John T. Belisle
- Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Jordi B. Torrelles
- Population Health and Host Pathogen Interactions Programs, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
- International Center for the Advancement of Research & Education (I•CARE), Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
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3
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Schami A, Islam MN, Belisle JT, Torrelles JB. Drug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis: cell envelope profiles and interactions with the host. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1274175. [PMID: 38029252 PMCID: PMC10664572 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1274175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In the past few decades, drug-resistant (DR) strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb), the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB), have become increasingly prevalent and pose a threat to worldwide public health. These strains range from multi (MDR) to extensively (XDR) drug-resistant, making them very difficult to treat. Further, the current and future impact of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on the development of DR-TB is still unknown. Although exhaustive studies have been conducted depicting the uniqueness of the M.tb cell envelope, little is known about how its composition changes in relation to drug resistance acquisition. This knowledge is critical to understanding the capacity of DR-M.tb strains to resist anti-TB drugs, and to inform us on the future design of anti-TB drugs to combat these difficult-to-treat strains. In this review, we discuss the complexities of the M.tb cell envelope along with recent studies investigating how M.tb structurally and biochemically changes in relation to drug resistance. Further, we will describe what is currently known about the influence of M.tb drug resistance on infection outcomes, focusing on its impact on fitness, persister-bacteria, and subclinical TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa Schami
- Population Health Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, United States
- Integrated Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - M. Nurul Islam
- Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - John T. Belisle
- Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Jordi B. Torrelles
- Population Health Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, United States
- International Center for the Advancement of Research & Education, International Center for the Advancement of Research & Education, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, United States
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4
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Bhat AA, Gupta G, Singh SK, Yadav HK, Saini M, Salfi R, Singh SK, Dua K. Nanotechnology-based advancements in NF-κB pathway inhibition for the treatment of inflammatory lung diseases. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2023; 17:2209-2213. [PMID: 36802843 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2022-0220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Asif Ahmad Bhat
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jagatpura, Mahal Road, 302017, Jaipur, India
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jagatpura, Mahal Road, 302017, Jaipur, India.,Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical & Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, 602105, India.,Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, 248007, India
| | - Santosh Kumar Singh
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jagatpura, Mahal Road, 302017, Jaipur, India
| | - Hemant Ks Yadav
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jagatpura, Mahal Road, 302017, Jaipur, India
| | - Mahendra Saini
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jagatpura, Mahal Road, 302017, Jaipur, India
| | - Roshan Salfi
- Deccan School of Pharmacy, Darussalam, Aghapura, Nampally, Hyderabad, 500001, India.,Yenepoya Pharmacy College & Research Centre, Yenepoya University, Mangalore, Karnataka, 575023, India
| | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India.,Faculty of Health, Australian Research Center in Complementary & Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Kamal Dua
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Center in Complementary & Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia.,Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
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Tang Y, Sun M, Liu Z. Phytochemicals with protective effects against acute pancreatitis: a review of recent literature. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2022; 60:479-490. [PMID: 35180016 PMCID: PMC8865097 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2022.2039723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Acute pancreatitis (AP) is an acute abdominal inflammatory disease with episodes ranging from mild to fulminant symptoms which could include necrosis, systemic inflammation and multiple organ dysfunction. Increasing experimental evidence demonstrates that specific bioactive ingredients from natural plants have a favourable therapeutic effect on AP. OBJECTIVE The objective of this review is to summarize the protective effects and potential mechanisms of action of phytochemicals on the attenuation of AP. METHODS Experimental studies in vivo or in vitro between January 2016 and June 2021 were sought in PubMed and Web of Science using the following search terms: ('phytochemicals' OR 'medicinal plant' OR 'traditional medicine') AND ('pancreatitis' OR 'pancreatic damage' OR 'pancreatic injury'). Data concerning the basic characteristics of phytochemicals, therapeutic dose and potential molecular mechanisms related to AP were extracted in this study. RESULTS A total of 30 phytochemicals with potential therapeutic effects were reviewed and summarized systematically. According to their molecular pathways in AP, the underlying mechanisms of the phytochemicals were illustrated in detail. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS The phytochemicals with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant abilities may be efficient candidate drugs for AP treatment. Importantly, more preclinical investigations are needed to illustrate the efficacy of future phytochemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Tang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Mingli Sun
- School of Kinesiology, Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhenning Liu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- CONTACT Zhenning Liu Department of Emergency Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang City, China
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6
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Discovery of nitric oxide-inducing activities of synthetic LAM glycan motifs prepared by scalable rapid syntheses. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 296:119637. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Jagatia H, Tsolaki AG. The Role of Complement System and the Immune Response to Tuberculosis Infection. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2021; 57:84. [PMID: 33498555 PMCID: PMC7909539 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57020084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The complement system orchestrates a multi-faceted immune response to the invading pathogen, Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Macrophages engulf the mycobacterial bacilli through bacterial cell surface proteins or secrete proteins, which activate the complement pathway. The classical pathway is activated by C1q, which binds to antibody antigen complexes. While the alternative pathway is constitutively active and regulated by properdin, the direct interaction of properdin is capable of complement activation. The lectin-binding pathway is activated in response to bacterial cell surface carbohydrates such as mannose, fucose, and N-acetyl-d-glucosamine. All three pathways contribute to mounting an immune response for the clearance of mycobacteria. However, the bacilli can reside, persist, and evade clearance by the immune system once inside the macrophages using a number of mechanisms. The immune system can compartmentalise the infection into a granulomatous structure, which contains heterogenous sub-populations of M. tuberculosis. The granuloma consists of many types of immune cells, which aim to clear and contain the infection whilst sacrificing the affected host tissue. The full extent of the involvement of the complement system during infection with M. tuberculosis is not fully understood. Therefore, we reviewed the available literature on M. tuberculosis and other mycobacterial literature to understand the contribution of the complement system during infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heena Jagatia
- Department for Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK
| | - Anthony G. Tsolaki
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University of London, Uxbridge UB8 3PN, UK;
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8
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Liu SQ, Xie Y, Gao X, Wang Q, Zhu WY. Inflammatory response and MAPK and NF-κB pathway activation induced by natural street rabies virus infection in the brain tissues of dogs and humans. Virol J 2020; 17:157. [PMID: 33081802 PMCID: PMC7576862 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-020-01429-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Street rabies virus (RABV) usually infects hosts at peripheral sites and migrates from motor or sensory nerves to the central nervous system. Several studies have found that inflammation is mild in a mouse model of street RABV infection. However, the pathogenetic mechanisms of street RABV in naturally infected dogs or humans are not well understood. METHODS Brain tissues collected from 3 dogs and 3 humans were used; these tissue samples were collected under the natural condition of rabies-induced death. The inflammatory response and pathway activation in the brain tissue samples of dogs and humans were evaluated by HE, IHC, ARY006, WB and ELISA. The clinical isolate street RABV strains CGS-17 and CXZ-15 from 30 six-week-old ICR mice were used to construct the mouse infection model presented here. RESULTS Neuronal degeneration and increased lymphocyte infiltration in the cerebral cortex, especially marked activation of microglia, formation of glial nodules, and neuronophagy, were observed in the dogs and humans infected with the street RABV strains. The various levels of proinflammatory chemokines, particularly CXCL1, CXCL12, CCL2, and CCL5, were increased significantly in the context of infection with street RABV strains in dogs and humans in relation to healthy controls, and the levels of MAPK and NF-κB phosphorylation were also increased in dogs and humans with natural infection. We also found that the degrees of pathological change, inflammatory response, MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathway activation were obviously increased during natural infection in dogs and humans compared with artificial model infection in mice. CONCLUSION The data obtained here provide direct evidence for the RABV-induced activation of the inflammatory response in a dog infection model, which is a relatively accurate reflection of the pathogenic mechanism of human street RABV infection. These observations provide insight into the precise roles of underlying mechanisms in fatal natural RABV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Qing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, Ministry of Health, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No.155 Changbai Road, Changping District, Beijing, 102206 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuan Xie
- Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, Ministry of Health, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No.155 Changbai Road, Changping District, Beijing, 102206 People’s Republic of China
- College of Global Change and Earth System Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Gao
- Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, Ministry of Health, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No.155 Changbai Road, Changping District, Beijing, 102206 People’s Republic of China
- Pathogenic Microbiology Institute, Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin, 300011 People’s Republic of China
| | - Qian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, Ministry of Health, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No.155 Changbai Road, Changping District, Beijing, 102206 People’s Republic of China
| | - Wu Yang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, Ministry of Health, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No.155 Changbai Road, Changping District, Beijing, 102206 People’s Republic of China
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9
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Liu SQ, Gao X, Xie Y, Wang Q, Zhu WY. Rabies viruses of different virulence regulates inflammatory responses both in vivo and in vitro via MAPK and NF-κB pathway. Mol Immunol 2020; 125:70-82. [PMID: 32652362 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2020.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Immune responses and central nervous system dysfunction are two main factors to be considered during rabies virus (RABV) infection. However, the mechanisms by which RABV strains of different virulence regulate with chemokine expression and the signaling pathways responsible for the immune responses in the terminal stage of infection both in vivo and in vitro have not been fully elucidated. In this study, we found low expression levels of proinflammatory chemokines in the mouse brain upon infection with street RABV strains (CXZ17 and HN10) at the late stage of infection. We also examined the difference in inflammatory response upon infection with RABV strains of different virulence in a mouse model. We found that the expression of proinflammatory chemokines increased to a varying degree upon infection with street RABV (CXZ17 and HN10) or laboratory-fixed RABV (CVS-11, aG, and CTN); CXCL10, CCL5, and CCL2 were the most significantly upregulated chemokines in brain tissue and microglial BV-2 cells in response to infection with RABV strains of different virulence. Our data also demonstrate significant activation of the MAPK and NF-κB pathways in mouse brain tissue at the late stage of RABV infection. We also found (i) low phosphorylation signals of MAPK and NF-κB p65 in neuronal cells upon infection with CXZ17 and HN10 in the mouse brain and (ii) strong phosphorylation signals in cerebrovascular endothelial cells and neuronal cells upon CTN or aG infection. Moreover, we quantified the nuclear localization status of MAPK signals and NF-κB p65 upon infection with CVS-11, aG, and CTN in BV-2 cells in vitro. We also found (i) that the activation of the p38, ERK1/2, and NF-κB p65 pathway, which stimulates CXCL10, CCL5, and CCL2 expression upon infection with RABV strains of different virulence (aG, CTN, and CVS-11), is triggered after virus entry into BV-2 cells and (ii) that the expression of CXCL10, CCL5, and CCL2 is required for the activation of NF-κB, p38, and ERK1/2, but not JNK. Overall, our study provides insight into the regulation of inflammatory responses mediated by MAPK and NF-κB in the mouse brain and in microglial cells upon RABV infection of different virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Qing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, Ministry of Health, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China.
| | - Xin Gao
- Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, Ministry of Health, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China; Pathogenic Microbiology Institute, Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin, 300011, China
| | - Yuan Xie
- Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, Ministry of Health, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China; College of Global Change and Earth System Science, Beijing Normal University, 100875, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, Ministry of Health, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Wu Yang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, Ministry of Health, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China.
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10
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Pitaloka DAE, Cooper AM, Artarini AA, Damayanti S, Sukandar EY. Regulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway and proinflammatory cytokines by ursolic acid in murine macrophages infected with Mycobacterium avium. Infect Dis Rep 2020; 12:8717. [PMID: 32874449 PMCID: PMC7447942 DOI: 10.4081/idr.2020.8717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium avium, one of the closest relatives of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), offers an advantage in studying MTB because of its tuberculosis-like effect in humans and host immune tolerance. This study examined the antimycobacterial action of ursolic acid and its regulation in macrophages during infection. Colonyforming units of the bacteria were determined in the cell lysate of macrophages and in the supernatant. The effect of ursolic acid on macrophages during infection was determined by analyzing the phosphorylation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway and the concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and nitrite. The colony-forming units analysis demonstrated that ursolic acid reduced the presence of Mycobacterium avium both intracellularly (in macrophages) and extracellularly. It decreased the levels of tumor necrosis factor- α and interleukin-6 but increased the concentrations of interleukin-1β and nitrite during infection. It also inhibited the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 but phosphorylated the C-Jun N-terminal kinase signaling pathway. The antimycobacterial effect of ursolic acid correlated with its ability to regulate the activation of macrophages. This dual ability made the ursolic acid-related elimination of the mycobacteria more effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dian Ayu Eka Pitaloka
- Department of Pharmacology-Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Andrea M Cooper
- Department of Respiratory Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Leicester University, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | | | - Sophi Damayanti
- Department of Pharmacochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Elin Yulinah Sukandar
- Department of Pharmacology-Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Indonesia
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11
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Xu P, Gao QL, Wang YJ, Guo CF, Tang MX, Liu SH, Deng A, Wang YX, Li YB, Zhang HQ. rs6127698 polymorphism in the MC3R gene and susceptibility to multifocal tuberculosis in southern Chinese Han population. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2020; 82:104292. [PMID: 32240798 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2020.104292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between melanocortin-3 receptor (MC3R) gene polymorphism and tuberculosis (TB) susceptibility in Han population in southern China. METHODS A total of 341 patients with TB (173 with pulmonary TB and 168 with multifocal TB) and 359 healthy controls were enrolled. Genotyping was performed by PCR and DNA sequencing, and detection of protein was performed by western blot. RESULTS The distributions of genotype and allele frequencies of rs6127698 differed significantly between the pulmonary and multifocal TB groups, and between the multifocal TB and control groups. The GG genotype was significantly more common among multifocal TB patients than among pulmonary TB patients (P = .009) and those in the control group (P = .001) under the recessive model. GG+GT genotype was more common in multifocal TB than in pulmonary TB (P < .01) and control group (P < .01) under the dominant model. G allele was more common in multifocal TB than in pulmonary TB (P < .0167) and control group (P < .0167). Patients with multifocal TB had an increased expression of MC3R protein than healthy controls (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS In the southern Chinese Han population, the MC3R rs6127698 polymorphism, which accompanying an increased expression of MC3R protein,was associated with susceptibility to multifocal TB. Presence of the G allele increased the risk of developing multifocal TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Xu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Spinal Surgery Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi-le Gao
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Spinal Surgery Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun-Jia Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Spinal Surgery Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chao-Feng Guo
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Spinal Surgery Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming-Xing Tang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Spinal Surgery Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Shao-Hua Liu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Spinal Surgery Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Ang Deng
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Spinal Surgery Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Xiang Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Spinal Surgery Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Bing Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Qi Zhang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Spinal Surgery Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, People's Republic of China
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Zhu Y, Xiao Y, Kong D, Liu H, Chen X, Chen Y, Zhu T, Peng Y, Zhai W, Hu C, Chen H, Suo Lang SZ, Guo A, Niu J. Down-Regulation of miR-378d Increased Rab10 Expression to Help Clearance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Macrophages. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:108. [PMID: 32257967 PMCID: PMC7094154 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb) can survive in the hostile microenvironment of cells by escaping host surveillance, but the molecular mechanisms are far from being fully understood. MicroRNAs might be involved in regulation of this intracellular process. By RNAseq of M. tb-infected PMA-differentiated THP-1 macrophages, we previously discovered down-regulation of miR-378d during M. tb infection. This study aimed to investigate the roles of miR-378d in M. tb infection of THP-1 cells by using a miR-378d mimic and inhibitor. First, M. tb infection was confirmed to decrease miR-378d expression in THP-1 and Raw 264.7 macrophages. Then, it was demonstrated that miR-378d mimic promoted, while its inhibitor decreased, M. tb survival in THP-1 cells. Further, the miR-378d mimic suppressed, while its inhibitor enhanced the protein production of IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, and Rab10 expression. By using siRNA of Rab10 (siRab10) to knock-down the Rab10 gene in THP-1 with or without miR-378d inhibitor transfection, Rab10 was determined to be a miR-378d target during M. tb infection. In addition, a dual luciferase reporter assay with the Rab10 wild-type sequence and mutant for miR-378d binding sites confirmed Rab10 as the target of miR-378d associated with M. tb infection. The involvement of four signal pathways NF-κB, P38, JNK, and ERK in miR-378d regulation was determined by detecting the effect of their respective inhibitors on miR-378d expression, and miR-378d inhibitor on activation of these four signal pathways. As a result, activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway was associated with the down-regulation of miR-378d. In conclusion, during M. tb infection of macrophages, miR-378d was down-regulated and functioned on decreasing M. tb intracellular survival by targeting Rab10 and the process was regulated by activation of the NF-κB and induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6. These findings shed light on further understanding the defense mechanisms in macrophages against M. tb infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Zhu
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yao Xiao
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Delai Kong
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Han Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xi Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yingyu Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tingting Zhu
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yongchong Peng
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenjun Zhai
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Changmin Hu
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Huanchun Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Si Zhu Suo Lang
- Department of Animal Sciences, Tibet Agricultural and Animal Husbandry College, Linzhi, China
| | - Aizhen Guo
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Key Laboratory of Ruminant Bio-Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Veterinary Epidemiology, International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiaqiang Niu
- Department of Animal Sciences, Tibet Agricultural and Animal Husbandry College, Linzhi, China
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13
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Ye J, Ye C, Huang Y, Zhang N, Zhang X, Xiao M. Ginkgo biloba sarcotesta polysaccharide inhibits inflammatory responses through suppressing both NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathway. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2019; 99:2329-2339. [PMID: 30338529 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polysaccharides, common components of natural products extensively studied as dietary supplements and functional foods, have been found to have various activities. In the present study, a water-soluble polysaccharide, namely GBSP3a, was isolated and purified from G. biloba sarcotesta. The anti-inflammatory activity of GBSP3a in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 macrophages and the potential underlying molecular mechanisms were then assessed. RESULTS GBSP3a exerted its anti-inflammatory effect by remarkably inhibiting the secretion of pro-inflammatory mediators and cytokines, including nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2 ), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. Excessive mRNA and protein expression levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) were dose-dependently inhibited by GBSP3a in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Further research suggested that the anti-inflammatory effect of GBSP3a can be attributed to the modulation of the NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways. CONCLUSION GBSP3a exhibits anti-inflammatory activity and exerts its anti-inflammatory effect probably through suppressing both NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathway, indicating that GBSP3a could be used for the development of anti-inflammatory agent or nutraceuticals. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ye
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, China
- Xiamen Engineering and Technological Research Center for Comprehensive Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Xiamen, China
| | - Changqing Ye
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yayan Huang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, China
| | - Na Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, China
- Xiamen Engineering and Technological Research Center for Comprehensive Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Xiamen, China
| | - Xueqin Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, China
- Xiamen Engineering and Technological Research Center for Comprehensive Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Xiamen, China
| | - Meitian Xiao
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, China
- Xiamen Engineering and Technological Research Center for Comprehensive Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Xiamen, China
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14
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Tran T, Bonham AJ, Chan ED, Honda JR. A paucity of knowledge regarding nontuberculous mycobacterial lipids compared to the tubercle bacillus. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2019; 115:96-107. [PMID: 30948183 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2019.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
All mycobacteria, including nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), synthesize an array of lipids including phosphatidylinositol mannosides (PIM), lipomannan (LM), and lipoarabinomannan (LAM). While absent from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb), glycopeptidolipids (GPL) are critical to the biology of NTM. M. tb and some NTM also synthesize trehalose-containing glycolipids and phenolic glycolipids (PGL), key membrane constituents with essential roles in metabolism. While lipids facilitate immune evasion, they also induce host immunity against tuberculosis. However, much less is known about the significance of NTM-derived PIM, LM, LAM, GPL, trehalose-containing glycolipids, and PGL as virulence factors, warranting further investigation. While culling the scientific literature on NTM lipids, it's evident that such studies were relatively few in number with the overwhelming majority of prior work dedicated to understanding lipids from the saprophyte Mycobacterium smegmatis. The identification and functional analysis of immune reactive NTM-derived lipids remain challenging, but such work is likely to yield a greater understanding of the pathogenesis of NTM lung disease. In this review, we juxtapose the vast literature of what is currently known regarding M. tb lipids to the lesser number of studies for comparable NTM lipids. But because GPL is the most widely recognized NTM lipid, we highlight its role in disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tru Tran
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Colorado Denver, Campus Box 171, PO Box 173364, Denver, CO, 80217-3364, USA.
| | - Andrew J Bonham
- Department of Chemistry, Metropolitan State University of Denver, Campus Box 52, P.O. Box 173362, Denver, CO, 80217-3362, USA.
| | - Edward D Chan
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA; Department of Medicine, Denver Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Denver, CO, USA; Academic Affairs, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson St. Neustadt D509, Denver, CO, 80206, USA.
| | - Jennifer R Honda
- Department of Biomedical Research and the Center for Genes, Environment, and Health, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA.
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15
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Souvannaseng L, Hun LV, Baker H, Klyver JM, Wang B, Pakpour N, Bridgewater JM, Napoli E, Giulivi C, Riehle MA, Luckhart S. Inhibition of JNK signaling in the Asian malaria vector Anopheles stephensi extends mosquito longevity and improves resistance to Plasmodium falciparum infection. PLoS Pathog 2018; 14:e1007418. [PMID: 30496310 PMCID: PMC6264519 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria is a global health concern caused by infection with Plasmodium parasites. With rising insecticide and drug resistance, there is a critical need to develop novel control strategies, including strategies to block parasite sporogony in key mosquito vector species. MAPK signaling pathways regulated by extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs) and the stress-activated protein kinases (SAPKs) c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs) and p38 MAPKs are highly conserved across eukaryotes, including mosquito vectors of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. Some of these pathways in mosquitoes have been investigated in detail, but the mechanisms of integration of parasite development and mosquito fitness by JNK signaling have not been elucidated. To this end, we engineered midgut-specific overexpression of MAPK phosphatase 4 (MKP4), which targets the SAPKs, and used two potent and specific JNK small molecule inhibitors (SMIs) to assess the effects of JNK signaling manipulations on Anopheles stephensi fecundity, lifespan, intermediary metabolism, and P. falciparum development. MKP4 overexpression and SMI treatment reduced the proportion of P. falciparum-infected mosquitoes and decreased oocyst loads relative to controls. SMI-treated mosquitoes exhibited no difference in lifespan compared to controls, whereas genetically manipulated mosquitoes exhibited extended longevity. Metabolomics analyses of SMI-treated mosquitoes revealed insights into putative resistance mechanisms and the physiology behind lifespan extension, suggesting for the first time that P. falciparum-induced JNK signaling reduces mosquito longevity and increases susceptibility to infection, in contrast to previously published reports, likely via a critical interplay between the invertebrate host and parasite for nutrients that play essential roles during sporogonic development. Malaria is a global health concern caused by infection with Plasmodium parasites. With rising insecticide and drug resistance, there is a critical need to develop novel control strategies. One strategy is to develop a Plasmodium-resistant mosquito through the manipulation of key signaling pathways and processes in the mosquito midgut, a critical tissue for parasite development. MAPK signaling pathways are highly conserved among eukaryotes and regulate development of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum in the mosquito vector. Here, we investigated how manipulation of Anopheles stephensi JNK signaling affects development of P. falciparum and key mosquito life history traits. We used multiple, complementary approaches to demonstrate that malaria parasite infection activates mosquito JNK signaling for its own benefit at a cost to host lifespan. Notably, these combined effects derive from networked signaling with other transduction pathways and alterations to intermediary metabolism in the mosquito host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lattha Souvannaseng
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States of America
- Department of Pathobiology, St. George's University, School of Veterinary Medicine, True Blue, St. George, Grenada, West Indies
| | - Lewis Vibul Hun
- Department of Entomology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States of America
| | - Heather Baker
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States of America
| | - John M. Klyver
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States of America
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States of America
| | - Nazzy Pakpour
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States of America
| | - Jordan M. Bridgewater
- Department of Entomology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States of America
| | - Eleonora Napoli
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Cecilia Giulivi
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
- M.I.N.D. Institute, Sacramento, CA, United States of America
| | - Michael A. Riehle
- Department of Entomology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States of America
| | - Shirley Luckhart
- Department of Entomology, Plant Pathology and Nematology and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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16
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Cui J, Li M, Liu W, Zhang B, Sun B, Niu W, Wang Y. Liver kinase B1 overexpression controls mycobacterial infection in macrophages via FOXO1/Wnt5a signaling. J Cell Biochem 2018; 120:224-231. [PMID: 30206971 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junwei Cui
- First Department of Tuberculosis The Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University Weihui China
| | - Mingying Li
- Forth Department of Tuberculosis The Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University Weihui China
| | - Weiguo Liu
- First Department of Tuberculosis The Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University Weihui China
| | - Bianfang Zhang
- First Department of Tuberculosis The Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University Weihui China
| | - Bing Sun
- Second Department of Tuberculosis The Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University Weihui China
| | - Wenyi Niu
- Forth Department of Tuberculosis The Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University Weihui China
| | - Yongliang Wang
- First Department of Tuberculosis The Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University Weihui China
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17
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Guo Y, Chang Q, Cheng L, Xiong S, Jia X, Lin X, Zhao X. C-Type Lectin Receptor CD23 Is Required for Host Defense against Candida albicans and Aspergillus fumigatus Infection. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 201:2427-2440. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1800620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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18
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Cheng AC, Yang KY, Chen NJ, Hsu TL, Jou R, Hsieh SL, Tseng PH. CLEC9A modulates macrophage-mediated neutrophil recruitment in response to heat-killed Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0186780. [PMID: 29065139 PMCID: PMC5655532 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis is a fatal human infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) that is prevalent worldwide. Mycobacteria differ from other bacteria in that they have a cell wall composed of specific surface glycans that are the major determinant of these organisms' pathogenicity. The interaction of M. tuberculosis with pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), in particular C-type lectin receptors (CLRs), on the surface of macrophages plays a central role in initiating innate and adaptive immunity, but the picture as a whole remains a puzzle. Defining novel mechanisms by which host receptors interact with pathogens in order to modulate a specific immune response is an area of intense research. In this study, based on an in vitro lectin binding assay, CLEC9A (DNGR-1) is identified as a novel CLR that binds with mycobacteria. Our results with CLEC9A-knocked down cells and a CLEC9A-Fc fusion protein as blocking agents show that CLEC9A is involved in the activation of SYK and MAPK signaling in response to heat-killed M. tuberculosis H37Ra treatment, and it then promotes the production of CXCL8 and IL-1β in macrophages. The CXCL8 and IL-1β secreted by the activated macrophages are critical to neutrophil recruitment and activation. In a in vivo mouse model, when the interaction between CLEC9A and H37Ra is interfered with by treatment with CLEC9A-Fc fusion protein, this reduces lung inflammation and cell infiltration. These findings demonstrate that CLEC9A is a specialized receptor that modulates the innate immune response when there is a mycobacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- An-Chieh Cheng
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Science, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Yao Yang
- Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Chest Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Infection and Immunity Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Nien-Jung Chen
- Infection and Immunity Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Life Science, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsui-Ling Hsu
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ruwen Jou
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Life Science, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Taiwan Centers for Disease Control, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Ping-Hui Tseng
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Science, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Infection and Immunity Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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19
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Jamaati H, Mortaz E, Pajouhi Z, Folkerts G, Movassaghi M, Moloudizargari M, Adcock IM, Garssen J. Nitric Oxide in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Tuberculosis. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:2008. [PMID: 29085351 PMCID: PMC5649180 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB), is globally known as one of the most important human pathogens. Mtb is estimated to infect nearly one third of the world's population with many subjects having a latent infection. Thus, from an estimated 2 billion people infected with Mtb, less than 10% may develop symptomatic TB. This indicates that the host immune system may constrain pathogen replication in most infected individuals. On entering the lungs of the host, Mtb initially encounters resident alveolar macrophages which can engulf and subsequently eliminate intracellular microbes via a plethora of bactericidal mechanisms including the generation of free radicals such as reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. Nitric oxide (NO), a key anti-mycobacterial molecule, is detected in the exhaled breath of patients infected with Mtb. Recent knowledge regarding the regulatory role of NO in airway function and Mtb proliferation paves the way of exploiting the beneficial effects of this molecule for the treatment of airway diseases. Here, we discuss the importance of NO in the pathogenesis of TB, the diagnostic use of exhaled and urinary NO in Mtb infection and the potential of NO-based treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamidreza Jamaati
- Chronic Respiratory Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Esmaeil Mortaz
- Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Zeinab Pajouhi
- Chronic Respiratory Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gert Folkerts
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Mehrnaz Movassaghi
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Milad Moloudizargari
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ian M Adcock
- Cell and Molecular Biology Group, Airways Disease Section, Faculty of Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.,Priority Research Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Disease, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Johan Garssen
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Nutricia Research Centre for Specialized Nutrition, Utrecht, Netherlands
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20
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Mahmud HA, Seo H, Kim S, Islam MI, Nam KW, Cho HD, Song HY. Thymoquinone (TQ) inhibits the replication of intracellular Mycobacterium tuberculosis in macrophages and modulates nitric oxide production. Altern Ther Health Med 2017; 17:279. [PMID: 28545436 PMCID: PMC5445392 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-017-1786-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Human tuberculosis, which is caused by the pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis, remains a major public health concern. Increasing drug resistance poses a threat of disease resurgence and continues to cause considerable mortality worldwide, which necessitates the development of new drugs with improved efficacy. Thymoquinone (TQ), an essential compound of Nigella sativa, was previously reported as an active anti-tuberculosis agent. Methods In this study, the effects of TQ on intracellular mycobacterial replication are examined in macrophages. In addition, its effect on mycobacteria-induced NO production and pro-inflammatory responses were investigated in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB)-infected Type II human alveolar and human myeloid cell lines. Results TQ at concentrations ranging from 12.5 to 25 μg/mL and 6.25 to 12.5 μg/mL reduced intracellular M. tuberculosis H37Rv and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) 72 h post-infection in RAW 264.7 cells. TQ treatment also produced a concentration-dependent reduction in nitric oxide production in both H37Rv and XDR-TB infected RAW 264.7 cells. Furthermore, TQ reduced the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and pro-inflammatory molecules such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interlukin-6 (IL-6) in H37Rv-infected cells and eventually reduced pathogen-derived stress in host cells. Conclusions TQ inhibits intracellular H37Rv and XDR-TB replication and MTB-induced production of NO and pro-inflammatory molecules. Therefore, along with its anti-inflammatory effects, TQ represents a prospective treatment option to combat Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection.
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21
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Dwivedi VP, Bhattacharya D, Yadav V, Singh DK, Kumar S, Singh M, Ojha D, Ranganathan A, Van Kaer L, Chattopadhyay D, Das G. The Phytochemical Bergenin Enhances T Helper 1 Responses and Anti-Mycobacterial Immunity by Activating the MAP Kinase Pathway in Macrophages. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2017; 7:149. [PMID: 28507951 PMCID: PMC5410567 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) remains one of the greatest health concerns worldwide, which has hindered socioeconomic development in certain parts of the world for many centuries. Although current TB therapy, "Directly Observed Treatment Short-course," is effective, it is associated with unwanted side effects and the risk for the generation of drug-resistant organisms. The majority of infected individuals successfully confine the mycobacterial organisms and remain asymptotic unless immune responses are perturbed. Thus, host immunity can protect against TB and immunomodulation is therefore an attractive therapeutic option. Previous studies have shown that TNF-α and Nitric Oxide (NO) in conjunction with IFN-γ-producing T helper 1 (Th1) cells play critical roles in host protection against TB. Here, we show that bergenin, a phytochemical isolated from tender leaves of Shorea robusta, activates the MAP kinase and ERK pathways and induces TNF-α, NO and IL-12 production in infected macrophages. We further show that bergenin induces Th1 immune responses and potently inhibits bacillary growth in a murine model of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. These findings identify bergenin as a potential adjunct to TB therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ved P. Dwivedi
- Immunology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and BiotechnologyNew Delhi, India
| | | | - Vinod Yadav
- Department of Microbiology, Central University of HaryanaMahendergarh, India
| | - Dhiraj K. Singh
- Immunology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and BiotechnologyNew Delhi, India
| | - Santosh Kumar
- Immunology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and BiotechnologyNew Delhi, India
| | - Mona Singh
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru UniversityNew Delhi, India
| | | | - Anand Ranganathan
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru UniversityNew Delhi, India
| | - Luc Van Kaer
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of MedicineNashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Gobardhan Das
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru UniversityNew Delhi, India
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Mycobacterium bovis Requires P27 (LprG) To Arrest Phagosome Maturation and Replicate within Bovine Macrophages. Infect Immun 2017; 85:IAI.00720-16. [PMID: 28031264 PMCID: PMC5328499 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00720-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium bovis causes tuberculosis in a wide variety of mammals, with strong tropism for cattle and eventually humans. P27, also called LprG, is among the proteins involved in the mechanisms of the virulence and persistence of M. bovis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Here, we describe a novel function of P27 in the interaction of M. bovis with its natural host cell, the bovine macrophage. We found that a deletion in the p27-p55 operon impairs the replication of M. bovis in bovine macrophages. Importantly, we show for the first time that M. bovis arrests phagosome maturation in a process that depends on P27. This effect is P27 specific since complementation with wild-type p27 but not p55 fully restored the wild-type phenotype of the mutant strain; this indicates that P55 plays no important role during the early events of M. bovis infection. In addition, we also showed that the presence of P27 from M. smegmatis decreases the association of LAMP-3 with bead phagosomes, indicating that P27 itself blocks phagosome-lysosome fusion by modulating the traffic machinery in the cell host.
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Ishikawa E, Mori D, Yamasaki S. Recognition of Mycobacterial Lipids by Immune Receptors. Trends Immunol 2017; 38:66-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2016.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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The Ebola Interferon Inhibiting Domains Attenuate and Dysregulate Cell-Mediated Immune Responses. PLoS Pathog 2016; 12:e1006031. [PMID: 27930745 PMCID: PMC5145241 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ebola virus (EBOV) infections are characterized by deficient T-lymphocyte responses, T-lymphocyte apoptosis and lymphopenia. We previously showed that disabling of interferon-inhibiting domains (IIDs) in the VP24 and VP35 proteins effectively unblocks maturation of dendritic cells (DCs) and increases the secretion of cytokines and chemokines. Here, we investigated the role of IIDs in adaptive and innate cell-mediated responses using recombinant viruses carrying point mutations, which disabled IIDs in VP24 (EBOV/VP24m), VP35 (EBOV/VP35m) or both (EBOV/VP35m/VP24m). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from cytomegalovirus (CMV)-seropositive donors were inoculated with the panel of viruses and stimulated with CMV pp65 peptides. Disabling of the VP35 IID resulted in increased proliferation and higher percentages of CD4+ T cells secreting IFNγ and/or TNFα. To address the role of aberrant DC maturation in the IID-mediated suppression of T cell responses, CMV-stimulated DCs were infected with the panel of viruses and co-cultured with autologous T-lymphocytes. Infection with EBOV/VP35m infection resulted in a significant increase, as compared to wt EBOV, in proliferating CD4+ cells secreting IFNγ, TNFα and IL-2. Experiments with expanded CMV-specific T cells demonstrated their increased activation following co-cultivation with CMV-pulsed DCs pre-infected with EBOV/VP24m, EBOV/VP35m and EBOV/VP35m/VP24m, as compared to wt EBOV. Both IIDs were found to block phosphorylation of TCR complex-associated adaptors and downstream signaling molecules. Next, we examined the effects of IIDs on the function of B cells in infected PBMC. Infection with EBOV/VP35m and EBOV/VP35m/VP24m resulted in significant increases in the percentages of phenotypically distinct B-cell subsets and plasma cells, as compared to wt EBOV, suggesting inhibition of B cell function and differentiation by VP35 IID. Finally, infection with EBOV/VP35m increased activation of NK cells, as compared to wt EBOV. These results demonstrate a global suppression of cell-mediated responses by EBOV IIDs and identify the role of DCs in suppression of T-cell responses.
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Bai X, Oberley-Deegan RE, Bai A, Ovrutsky AR, Kinney WH, Weaver M, Zhang G, Honda JR, Chan ED. Curcumin enhances human macrophage control ofMycobacterium tuberculosisinfection. Respirology 2016; 21:951-7. [DOI: 10.1111/resp.12762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Revised: 11/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiyuan Bai
- Department of Medicine; Denver Veterans Affairs Medical Center; Denver USA
- Departments of Medicine and Academic Affairs; National Jewish Health; Denver Colorado USA
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine; University of Colorado School of Medicine; Aurora Colorado USA
| | - Rebecca E. Oberley-Deegan
- Departments of Medicine and Academic Affairs; National Jewish Health; Denver Colorado USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; University of Nebraska Medical Center; Omaha Nebraska USA
| | - An Bai
- Department of Medicine; Denver Veterans Affairs Medical Center; Denver USA
- Departments of Medicine and Academic Affairs; National Jewish Health; Denver Colorado USA
| | - Alida R. Ovrutsky
- Departments of Medicine and Academic Affairs; National Jewish Health; Denver Colorado USA
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine; University of Colorado School of Medicine; Aurora Colorado USA
| | - William H. Kinney
- Departments of Medicine and Academic Affairs; National Jewish Health; Denver Colorado USA
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine; University of Colorado School of Medicine; Aurora Colorado USA
| | - Michael Weaver
- Departments of Medicine and Academic Affairs; National Jewish Health; Denver Colorado USA
| | - Gong Zhang
- College of Pharmacy; Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine; Shaanxi China
| | - Jennifer R. Honda
- Departments of Medicine and Academic Affairs; National Jewish Health; Denver Colorado USA
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine; University of Colorado School of Medicine; Aurora Colorado USA
| | - Edward D. Chan
- Department of Medicine; Denver Veterans Affairs Medical Center; Denver USA
- Departments of Medicine and Academic Affairs; National Jewish Health; Denver Colorado USA
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine; University of Colorado School of Medicine; Aurora Colorado USA
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PE_PGRS33 Contributes to Mycobacterium tuberculosis Entry in Macrophages through Interaction with TLR2. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0150800. [PMID: 26978522 PMCID: PMC4792380 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
PE_PGRS represent a large family of proteins typical of pathogenic mycobacteria whose members are characterized by an N-terminal PE domain followed by a large Gly-Ala repeat-rich C-terminal domain. Despite the abundance of PE_PGRS-coding genes in the Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) genome their role and function in the biology and pathogenesis still remains elusive. In this study, we generated and characterized an Mtb H37Rv mutant (MtbΔ33) in which the structural gene of PE_PGRS33, a prototypical member of the protein family, was inactivated. We showed that this mutant entered macrophages with an efficiency up to ten times lower than parental or complemented strains, while its efficiency in infecting pneumocytes remained unaffected. Interestingly, the lack of PE_PGRS33 did not affect the intracellular growth of this mutant in macrophages. Using a series of functional deletion mutants of the PE_PGRS33 gene to complement the MtbΔ33 strain, we demonstrated that the PGRS domain is required to mediate cell entry into macrophages, with the key domain encompassing position 140–260 amino acids of PE_PGRS33. PE_PGRS33-mediated entry into macrophages was abolished in TLR2-deficient mice, as well as following treatment with wortmannin or an antibody against the complement receptor 3 (CR3), indicating that PE_PGRS33-mediated entry of Mtb in macrophages occurs through interaction with TLR2.
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Jia H, Liu S, Wu J, Hou S, Xin T, Guo X, Yuan W, Gao X, Zhang G, Li M, Qu H, Zhu H. Recombinant TB9.8 of Mycobacterium bovis Triggers the Production of IL-12 p40 and IL-6 in RAW264.7 Macrophages via Activation of the p38, ERK, and NF-κB Signaling Pathways. Inflammation 2016; 38:1337-46. [PMID: 25577342 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-014-0105-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The TB9.8 of Mycobacterium bovis can induce strong antigen-specific T-cell responses in proliferation assays and IFN-γ assays. However, whether and how TB9.8 activates innate immune cells remain unclear. Therefore, recombinant protein TB9.8 (rTB9.8)-induced proinflammatory cytokine profile by RAW264.7 cells was investigated and the related signaling pathway was studied. Stimulation with rTB9.8 triggered RAW264.7 cells to produce IL-6 and IL-12 p40. In addition, rTB9.8 activated the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade in RAW264.7 cells by inducing the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and p38 kinase (p38) and also promoted nuclear translocation of phosphorylated p38 and ERK1/2. Furthermore, rTB9.8 activated nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway by inducing p65 translocation into the nucleus and the phosphorylation of IκBα in the cytosol. Blocking assays showed that specific inhibitors of ERK1/2, p38, and IκBα can significantly reduce the expression of IL-6 and IL-12 p40, which demonstrated that rTB9.8-mediated cytokine production is dependent on the activation of these kinases. Thus, this study demonstrates that rTB9.8 can activate RAW264.7 and trigger IL-6 and IL-12 p40 production via the ERK, p38, and NF-κB signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Jia
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 100193, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Yang W, Yan A, Zhang T, Shao J, Liu T, Yang X, Xia W, Fu Y. Thromboxane A2 Receptor Stimulation Enhances Microglial Interleukin-1β and NO Biosynthesis Mediated by the Activation of ERK Pathway. Front Aging Neurosci 2016; 8:8. [PMID: 26858639 PMCID: PMC4731520 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2016.00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Thromboxane A2 (TXA2) receptors (TP) interact with the ligand TXA2 to induce platelet aggregation and regulate hemostasis. Recently TP-mediated signaling has been suggested to function in multiple cell types in the brain. In this report, we aim to study the expression and physiological role of TP in microglia, in particular after brain ischemia. METHODS Ischemic brain sections were analyzed for TP expression. Microglial cell line and primary microglia were cultured, or neuronal cell line co-culture system was used to determine the TP mediated signaling in inflammation and microglia activation. RESULTS We found that the TP level was significantly increased in ipsilateral mouse brain tissue at 24 h after ischemia-reperfusion, which was also found to partly co-localize with CD11b, a marker for microglial and infiltrated monocyte/macrophage, in peri-infarct area. Immunofluorescence staining of primary microglia and microglial cell line BV2 revealed the predominant membrane distribution of TP. Conditioned culture media from TP agonist U46619-treated BV2 cells decreased neuronal SH-SY5Y cell viability and induced apoptotic morphological changes. Furthermore, U46619 enhanced IL-1β, IL-6, and iNOS mRNA expression as well as IL-1β and NO releases in BV2 cells or primary microglia. Such stimulation could be attenuated by TP antagonist SQ29548 or MEK inhibitor U0126. The dose- and time-dependent extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation induced by U46619 further demonstrated ERK signaling-mediated microglia activation by TP agonist. CONCLUSION This study has shown a novel role of TP in microglia activation via the ERK signaling pathway, which provides insights for the management of neuroinflammation in diseases like cerebral infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanlin Yang
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Rui Jin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, China
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Aijuan Yan
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Rui Jin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, China
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Rui Jin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, China
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Jiaxiang Shao
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Rui Jin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, China
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Tengyuan Liu
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Rui Jin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, China
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Rui Jin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, China
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Weiliang Xia
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Rui Jin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, China
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Yi Fu
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Rui Jin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, China
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, China
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Datta D, Khatri P, Banerjee C, Singh A, Meena R, Saha DR, Raman R, Rajamani P, Mitra A, Mazumder S. Calcium and Superoxide-Mediated Pathways Converge to Induce Nitric Oxide-Dependent Apoptosis in Mycobacterium fortuitum-Infected Fish Macrophages. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0146554. [PMID: 26752289 PMCID: PMC4713470 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0146554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium fortuitum causes ‘mycobacteriosis’ in wide range of hosts although the mechanisms remain largely unknown. Here we demonstrate the role of calcium (Ca+2)-signalling cascade on M. fortuitum-induced apoptosis in headkidney macrophages (HKM) of Clarias sp. M. fortuitum could trigger intracellular-Ca+2 influx leading to the activation of calmodulin (CaM), protein kinase C alpha (PKCα) and Calmodulin kinase II gamma (CaMKIIg). Gene silencing and inhibitor studies established the role of CaM in M. fortuitum pathogenesis. We noted that CaMKIIg activation is regulated by CaM as well as PKCα-dependent superoxide anions. This is altogether first report of oxidised CaMKIIg in mycobacterial infections. Our studies with targeted-siRNA and pharmacological inhibitors implicate CaMKIIg to be pro-apoptotic and critical for the activation of extra-cellular signal regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2). Inhibiting the ERK1/2 pathway attenuated nitric oxide synthase 2 (NOS2)-induced nitric oxide (NO) production. Conversely, inhibiting the NOS2-NO axis by specific-siRNA and inhibitors down-regulated ERK1/2 activation suggesting the crosstalk between ERK1/2 and NO is essential for pathogenesis induced by the bacterium. Silencing the NOS2-NO axis enhanced intracellular bacterial survival and attenuated caspase-8 mediated activation of caspase-3 in the infected HKM. Our findings unveil hitherto unknown mechanism of M. fortuitum pathogenesis. We propose that M. fortuitum triggers intracellular Ca+2 elevations resulting in CaM activation and PKCα-mediated superoxide generation. The cascade converges in common pathway mediated by CaMKIIg resulting in the activation of ERK1/2-NOS2 axis. The crosstalk between ERK1/2 and NO shifts the balance in favour of caspase dependent apoptosis of M. fortuitum-infected HKM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debika Datta
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Preeti Khatri
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Chaitali Banerjee
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Ambika Singh
- Gut Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Ramavatar Meena
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, Delhi, India
| | - Dhira Rani Saha
- Microscopy Laboratory, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India
| | - Rajagopal Raman
- Gut Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Paulraj Rajamani
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, Delhi, India
| | - Abhijit Mitra
- Genome Analysis Laboratory, Animal Division, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, India
| | - Shibnath Mazumder
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
- * E-mail:
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Lee J, Choi JW, Sohng JK, Pandey RP, Park YI. The immunostimulating activity of quercetin 3-O-xyloside in murine macrophages via activation of the ASK1/MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2015; 31:88-97. [PMID: 26709074 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2015.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Revised: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 12/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Quercetin is a natural plant flavonoid that has been reported to possess a wide range of beneficial health effects, including anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory activities. Glycosylation of natural flavonoids with various sugar moieties can affect their physical, chemical, and biological properties. In this study, quercetin 3-O-xyloside (Quer-xyl) was enzymatically synthesized, and the immunomodulatory activities of quercetin and Quer-xyl were evaluated and compared. The results showed that Quer-xyl more effectively induced the secretion of TNF-α and IL-6 than quercetin by 2.5 and 1.5-fold, respectively. Quer-xyl dose-dependently induced the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression and increased the production of nitric oxide (NO) 1.3-fold more than quercetin. Quer-xyl also increased the phosphorylation of ASK1 and MAPKs (JNK and p38). Treatment with NQDI-1 (an inhibitor of ASK1) significantly attenuated the Quer-xyl-induced up-regulation of TNF-α secretion. The activation and subsequent nuclear translocation of NF-κB were substantially enhanced upon treatment with Quer-xyl (2.5-20 μM), while NQDI-1 treatment blocked the nuclear translocation of NF-κB. These results demonstrated that Quer-xyl can enhance the early innate immunity more effectively than quercetin by activating macrophages to secrete TNF-α and IL-6 through up-regulation of the redox-dependent ASK1/MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway, suggesting for the first time that Quer-xyl may represent a new immunostimulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisun Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do, 420-743, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Won Choi
- Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do, 420-743, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Kyung Sohng
- Institute of Biomolecule Reconstruction, Department of BT-Convergent Pharmaceutical Engineering, Sun Moon University, Chungnam, 336-708, Republic of Korea
| | - Ramesh Prasad Pandey
- Institute of Biomolecule Reconstruction, Department of BT-Convergent Pharmaceutical Engineering, Sun Moon University, Chungnam, 336-708, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Il Park
- Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do, 420-743, Republic of Korea.
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Bueno-Silva B, Kawamoto D, Ando-Suguimoto ES, Alencar SM, Rosalen PL, Mayer MPA. Brazilian Red Propolis Attenuates Inflammatory Signaling Cascade in LPS-Activated Macrophages. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0144954. [PMID: 26660901 PMCID: PMC4684384 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Although previous studies suggested an anti-inflammatory property of Brazilian red propolis (BRP), the mechanisms involved in the anti-inflammatory effects of BRP and its activity on macrophages were still not elucidated. This study aimed to evaluate whether BRP attenuates the inflammatory effect of LPS on macrophages and to investigate its underlying mechanisms. BRP was added to RAW 264.7 murine macrophages after activation with LPS. NO production, cell viability, cytokines profile were evaluated. Activation of inflammatory signaling pathways and macrophage polarization were determined by RT-qPCR and Western blot. BRP at 50 μg/ml inhibited NO production by 78% without affecting cell viability. Cd80 and Cd86 were upregulated whereas mrc1 was down regulated by BRP indicating macrophage polarization at M1. BRP attenuated the production of pro-inflammatory mediators IL-12, GM-CSF, IFN-Ɣ, IL-1β in cell supernatants although levels of TNF- α and IL-6 were slightly increased after BRP treatment. Levels of IL-4, IL-10 and TGF-β were also reduced by BRP. BRP significantly reduced the up-regulation promoted by LPS of transcription of genes in inflammatory signaling (Pdk1, Pak1, Nfkb1, Mtcp1, Gsk3b, Fos and Elk1) and of Il1β and Il1f9 (fold-change rate > 5), which were further confirmed by the inhibition of NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways. Furthermore, the upstream adaptor MyD88 adaptor-like (Mal), also known as TIRAP, involved in TLR2 and TLR4 signaling, was down- regulated in BRP treated LPS-activated macrophages. Given that BRP inhibited multiple signaling pathways in macrophages involved in the inflammatory process activated by LPS, our data indicated that BRP is a noteworthy food-source for the discovery of new bioactive compounds and a potential candidate to attenuate exhacerbated inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Bueno-Silva
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Dione Kawamoto
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ellen S. Ando-Suguimoto
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Severino M. Alencar
- College of Agriculture “Luiz de Queiroz” (ESALQ/USP), Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Pedro L. Rosalen
- Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas–UNICAMP, Department of Physiologic Sciences, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcia P. A. Mayer
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Adamovsky O, Moosova Z, Pekarova M, Basu A, Babica P, Svihalkova Sindlerova L, Kubala L, Blaha L. Immunomodulatory Potency of Microcystin, an Important Water-Polluting Cyanobacterial Toxin. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:12457-12464. [PMID: 26380879 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b02049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Microcystins (MCs) are primarily hepatotoxins produced by cyanobacteria and are responsible for intoxication in humans and animals. There are many incidents of chronic exposure to MCs, which have been attributed to the inappropriate treatment of water supplies or contaminated food. Using RAW 264.7 macrophages, we showed the potency of microcystin-LR (MC-LR) to stimulate production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin-6) as a consequence of fast nuclear factor κB and nitrogen-activated protein kinase activation. In contrast to other studies, the observed effects were not attributed to the intracellular inhibition of protein phosphatases 1/2A due to lack of specific transmembrane transporters for MCs. However, the MC-LR-induced activation of macrophages was effectively inhibited by a specific peptide that blocks signaling of receptors, which play a pivotal role in the innate immune responses. Taken together, we showed for the first time that MC-LR could interfere with macrophage receptors that are responsible for triggering the above-mentioned signaling pathways. These findings provide an interesting mechanistic explanation of some adverse health outcomes associated with toxic cyanobacteria and MCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ondrej Adamovsky
- Faculty of Science, RECETOX, Masaryk University , Kamenice 753/5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zdena Moosova
- Faculty of Science, RECETOX, Masaryk University , Kamenice 753/5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Pekarova
- Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences , Královopolská 135, 612 65 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Amrita Basu
- Faculty of Science, RECETOX, Masaryk University , Kamenice 753/5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Babica
- Faculty of Science, RECETOX, Masaryk University , Kamenice 753/5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | - Lukas Kubala
- Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences , Královopolská 135, 612 65 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ludek Blaha
- Faculty of Science, RECETOX, Masaryk University , Kamenice 753/5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
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Pedruzzi G, Rao KV, Chatterjee S. Mathematical model of mycobacterium–host interaction describes physiology of persistence. J Theor Biol 2015; 376:105-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2015.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Revised: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Souza CD. Blocking the mitogen activated protein kinase-p38 pathway is associated with increase expression of nitric oxide synthase and higher production of nitric oxide by bovine macrophages infected with Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2015; 164:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2015.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Revised: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Szulc-Kielbik I, Brzezinska M, Kielbik M, Brzostek A, Dziadek J, Kania K, Sulowska Z, Krupa A, Klink M. Mycobacterium tuberculosis RecA is indispensable for inhibition of the mitogen-activated protein kinase-dependent bactericidal activity of THP-1-derived macrophages in vitro. FEBS J 2015; 282:1289-306. [PMID: 25639683 DOI: 10.1111/febs.13219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Revised: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Our knowledge about the mechanisms utilized by Mycobacterium tuberculosis to survive inside macrophages is still incomplete. One of the mechanism that protects M. tuberculosis from the host's microbicidal products and allows bacteria to survive involves DNA repair systems such as the homologous recombination (HR) and nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ) pathways. It is accepted that any pathway that contributes to genome maintenance should be considered as potentially important virulence factor. In these studies, we investigated reactive oxygen species, nitric oxide and tumor necrosis factor-α production by macrophages infected with wild-type M. tuberculosis, with an HR-defective mutant (∆recA), with an NHEJ-defective mutant [∆(ku,ligD)], with a mutant defective for both HR and NHEJ [∆(ku,ligD,recA)], or with appropriate complemented strains. We also assessed the involvement of extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs) 1 and 2 in the response of macrophages to infection with the above-mentioned strains, and ERK1/2 phosphorylation in M. tuberculosis-infected macrophages. We found that mutants lacking RecA induced a greater bactericidal response by macrophages than did the wild-type strain or an NHEJ-defective mutant, and activated ERK1/2 was involved only in the response of macrophages to recA deletion mutants [∆(ku,ligD,recA) and ∆recA]. We also demonstrated that only the triple mutant induced ERK1/2 phosphorylation in phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate-stimulated macrophages. Moreover, HR-defective mutants induced lower amounts of tumor necrosis factor-α secretion than did the wild-type or ∆(ku,ligD). Our results indicate that RecA contributes to M. tuberculosis virulence, and also suggest that diminished ERK1/2 activation in macrophages infected with M. tuberculosis possessing recA may be an important mechanism by which wild-type mycobacteria escape intracellular killing.
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Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) regulatory region variation in non-human primates. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2015; 31:236-44. [PMID: 25675838 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2015.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Revised: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) is an enzyme that plays a key role in intracellular immune response against respiratory infections. Since various species of nonhuman primates exhibit different levels of susceptibility to infectious respiratory diseases, and since variation in regulatory regions of genes is thought to play a key role in expression levels of genes, two candidate regulatory regions of iNOS were mapped, sequenced, and compared across five species of nonhuman primates: African green monkeys (Chlorocebus sabaeus), pig-tailed macaques (Macaca nemestrina), cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis), Indian rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta), and Chinese rhesus macaques (M. mulatta). In addition, we conducted an in silico analysis of the transcription factor binding sites associated with genetic variation in these two candidate regulatory regions across species. We found that only one of the two candidate regions showed strong evidence of involvement in iNOS regulation. Specifically, we found evidence of 13 conserved binding site candidates linked to iNOS regulation: AP-1, C/EBPB, CREB, GATA-1, GATA-3, NF-AT, NF-AT5, NF-κB, KLF4, Oct-1, PEA3, SMAD3, and TCF11. Additionally, we found evidence of interspecies variation in binding sites for several regulatory elements linked to iNOS (GATA-3, GATA-4, KLF6, SRF, STAT-1, STAT-3, OLF-1 and HIF-1) across species, especially in African green monkeys relative to other species. Given the key role of iNOS in respiratory immune response, the findings of this study might help guide the direction of future studies aimed to uncover the molecular mechanisms underlying the increased susceptibility of African green monkeys to several viral and bacterial respiratory infections.
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The effects of SP110's associated genes on fresh cavitary pulmonary tuberculosis in Han Chinese population. Clin Exp Med 2015; 16:219-25. [PMID: 25612917 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-015-0339-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
SP110 is a promising anti-Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) gene. To investigate the effects of SP110 and its associated genes, i.e., MYBBP1A and RELA, on pathological progression of MTB infection, an association study with 424 patients of fresh pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and 424 healthy controls was performed. Moreover, classification and regression tree and multifactor dimensionality reduction were employed to explore the effects of gene-gene interactions on cavitary PTB. The results indicated that both the heterozygous genotype GC and homozygous genotype CC in rs3809849 had significant effects on the risk of PTB (OR 1.42, 95 % CI 1.06-1.92, p 0.019; OR 1.55, 95 % CI 1.04-2.33, p = 0.033, respectively), and heterozygous genotype CT in rs9061 also had similar effects (OR 1.43, 95 % CI 1.07-1.90, p = 0.014). The rs3809849 and rs9905742 in MYBBP1A were also significantly associated with cavitary PTB (p = 0.00046 and 0.039, respectively), while rs9061 in SP110 had no such association (p = 0.06931) except its significant association with non-cavitary PTB (p = 0.0093). The interaction of MYBBP1A and RELA had significant effect on cavitary PTB (OR 4.24, 95 % CI 1.44-12.49, p = 0.005). These suggest that MYBBP1A instead of SP110 may be a genetic risk factor for cavitary PTB and play important effects on its whole progress.
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Liu S, Jia H, Hou S, Zhang G, Xin T, Li H, Yuan W, Guo X, Gao X, Li M, Wu J, Zhu H. Recombinant TB10.4 of Mycobacterium bovis induces cytokine production in RAW264.7 macrophages through activation of the MAPK and NF-κB pathways via TLR2. Mol Immunol 2014; 62:227-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2014.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Revised: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Yonekawa A, Saijo S, Hoshino Y, Miyake Y, Ishikawa E, Suzukawa M, Inoue H, Tanaka M, Yoneyama M, Oh-Hora M, Akashi K, Yamasaki S. Dectin-2 is a direct receptor for mannose-capped lipoarabinomannan of mycobacteria. Immunity 2014; 41:402-413. [PMID: 25176311 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2014.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2013] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacteria possess various immunomodulatory molecules on the cell wall. Mannose-capped lipoarabinomannan (Man-LAM), a major lipoglycan of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, has long been known to have both inhibitory and stimulatory effects on host immunity. However, the direct Man-LAM receptor that explains its pleiotropic activities has not been clearly identified. Here, we report that a C-type lectin receptor Dectin-2 (gene symbol Clec4n) is a direct receptor for Man-LAM. Man-LAM activated bone-marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) to produce pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, whereas it was completely abrogated in Clec4n(-/-) BMDCs. Man-LAM promoted antigen-specific T cell responses through Dectin-2 on DCs. Furthermore, Man-LAM induced experimental autoimmune encephalitis (EAE) as an adjuvant in mice, whereas Clec4n(-/-) mice were resistant. Upon mycobacterial infection, Clec4n(-/-) mice showed augmented lung pathology. These results demonstrate that Dectin-2 contributes to host immunity against mycobacterial infection through the recognition of Man-LAM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Yonekawa
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Shinobu Saijo
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8673, Japan; PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Hoshino
- Leprosy Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 189-0002, Japan
| | - Yasunobu Miyake
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Eri Ishikawa
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Maho Suzukawa
- Center for Pulmonary Diseases, National Hospital Organization, Tokyo National Hospital, Tokyo 204-8585, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Inoue
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Masato Tanaka
- Laboratory for Immune Regulation, School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Mitsutoshi Yoneyama
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8673, Japan
| | - Masatsugu Oh-Hora
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Koichi Akashi
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Sho Yamasaki
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; Division of Molecular Immunology, Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8673, Japan.
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MacMicking JD. Cell-autonomous effector mechanisms against mycobacterium tuberculosis. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2014; 4:cshperspect.a018507. [PMID: 25081628 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a018507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Few pathogens run the gauntlet of sterilizing immunity like Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). This organism infects mononuclear phagocytes and is also ingested by neutrophils, both of which possess an arsenal of cell-intrinsic effector mechanisms capable of eliminating it. Here Mtb encounters acid, oxidants, nitrosylating agents, and redox congeners, often exuberantly delivered under low oxygen tension. Further pressure is applied by withholding divalent Fe²⁺, Mn²⁺, Cu²⁺, and Zn²⁺, as well as by metabolic privation in the form of carbon needed for anaplerosis and aromatic amino acids for growth. Finally, host E3 ligases ubiquinate, cationic peptides disrupt, and lysosomal enzymes digest Mtb as part of the autophagic response to this particular pathogen. It is a testament to the evolutionary fitness of Mtb that sterilization is rarely complete, although sufficient to ensure most people infected with this airborne bacterium remain disease-free.
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Affiliation(s)
- John D MacMicking
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510
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41
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Antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties of nostocionone isolated from Nostoc commune Vauch and its derivatives against Propionibacterium acnes. Anaerobe 2014; 27:56-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2014.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Revised: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Tardivo V, Crobeddu E, Pilloni G, Fontanella M, Spena G, Panciani PP, Berjano P, Ajello M, Bozzaro M, Agnoletti A, Altieri R, Fiumefreddo A, Zenga F, Ducati A, Garbossa D. Say "no" to spinal cord injury: is nitric oxide an option for therapeutic strategies? Int J Neurosci 2014; 125:81-90. [PMID: 24697508 DOI: 10.3109/00207454.2014.908877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE a literature review was made to investigate the role of nitric oxide (NO) in spinal cord injury, a pathological condition that leads to motor, sensory, and autonomic deficit. Besides, we were interested in potential therapeutic strategies interfering with NO mechanism of secondary damage. MATERIALS A literature search using PubMed Medline database has been performed. RESULTS excessive NO production after spinal cord injury promotes oxidative damage perpetuating the injury causing neuronal loss at the injured site and in the surrounding area. CONCLUSION different therapeutic approaches for contrasting or avoiding NO secondary damage have been studied, these include nitric oxide synthase inhibitors, compounds that interfere with inducible NO synthase expression, and molecules working as antioxidant. Further studies are needed to explain the neuroprotective or cytotoxic role of the different isoforms of NO synthase and the other mediators that take part or influence the NO cascade. In this way, it would be possible to find new therapeutic targets and furthermore to extend the experimentation to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Tardivo
- 1Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Neuroscience, University of Torino , Torino , Italy
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Iyoda T, Takada M, Fukatsu Y, Kumokoshi S, Fujisawa T, Shimada T, Shimokawa N, Matsunaga T, Makino K, Doi N, Terada H, Fukai F. A novel mechanism underlying the basic defensive response of macrophages against Mycobacterium infection. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 192:4254-62. [PMID: 24663676 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1301526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Following inhalation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, including bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG), pathogens enter and grow inside macrophages by taking advantage of their phagocytic mechanisms. Macrophages often fail to eliminate intracellular M. tuberculosis, leading to the induction of host macrophage death. Despite accumulating evidence, the molecular mechanisms underlying M. tuberculosis infection-induced cell death remain controversial. In this study, we show the involvement of two distinct pathways triggered by TLR2 and β2 integrin in BCG infection-induced macrophage apoptosis. First, BCG infection induced activation of ERK1/2, which in turn caused phosphorylation/activation of the proapoptotic protein Bim in mouse macrophage-like Raw 264.7 cells. BCG-infected Raw cells treated with U0126, an MEK/ERK inhibitor, led to the suppression of Bim phosphorylation alongside a remarkable increase in the number of viable macrophages. Small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of Bim rescued the macrophages from the apoptotic cell death induced by BCG infection. Stimulation with Pam3CSK, a TLR2 agonist, induced macrophage apoptosis with a concomitant increase in the phosphorylation/activation of MEK/ERK and Bim. These observations indicate the important role of the TLR2/MEK/ERK/Bim pathway in BCG infection-induced macrophage apoptosis. Second, we used the β2 integrin agonists C3bi and fibronectin to show that the β2 integrin-derived signal was involved in BCG infection-induced apoptosis, independent of MEK/ERK activation. Interestingly, latex beads coated with Pam3CSK and C3bi were able to induce apoptosis in macrophages to the same extent and specificity as that induced by BCG. Taken together, two distinct pattern-recognition membrane receptors, TLR2 and β2 integrin, acted as triggers in BCG infection-induced macrophage apoptosis, in which MEK/ERK activation played a crucial role following the engagement of TLR2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Iyoda
- Department of Molecular Patho-Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
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Jena M, Srivastava AK, Singh RK, Sharma PR, Das P, Bamezai RN. NOS2A promoter (CCTTT)n association with TB lacks independent functional correlation amongst Indians. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2014; 94:81-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2013.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Revised: 10/18/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Ling WL, Wang LJ, Pong JCH, Lau ASY, Li JCB. A role for interleukin-17A in modulating intracellular survival of Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin in murine macrophages. Immunology 2013; 140:323-34. [PMID: 23808492 PMCID: PMC3800437 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2013] [Revised: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin 17A IL-17A is a crucial immunomodulator in various chronic immunological diseases including rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease. The cytokine has also been demonstrated to control the pathogenesis of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis by dysregulating production of cytokines and chemokines and promoting granuloma formation. Whether IL-17A regulates innate defence mechanisms of macrophages in response to mycobacterial infection remains to be elucidated. In the current report, we investigated the effects of IL-17A on modulating the intracellular survival of Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) in RAW264.7 murine macrophages. We observed that IL-17A pre-treatment for 24 hr was able to synergistically enhance BCG-induced nitric oxide (NO) production and inducible nitric oxide synthase expression in dose- and time-dependent manners. We further delineated the mechanisms involved in this synergistic reaction. IL-17A was found to specifically enhanced BCG-induced phosphorylation of Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), but not of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase. By using a specific JNK inhibitor (SP600125), we found that the production of NO in BCG-infected macrophages was significantly suppressed. Taken together, we confirmed the involvement of the JNK pathway in IL-17A-enhanced NO production in BCG-infected macrophages. We further demonstrated that IL-17A significantly enhanced the clearance of intracellular BCG by macrophages through an NO-dependent killing mechanism. In conclusion, our study revealed an anti-mycobacterial role of IL-17A through priming the macrophages to produce NO in response to mycobacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wai Lim Ling
- Cytokine Biology Group, Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
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Klink M, Brzezinska M, Szulc I, Brzostek A, Kielbik M, Sulowska Z, Dziadek J. Cholesterol oxidase is indispensable in the pathogenesis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e73333. [PMID: 24039915 PMCID: PMC3767793 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0073333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2013] [Accepted: 07/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite considerable research effort, the molecular mechanisms of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) virulence remain unclear. Cholesterol oxidase (ChoD), an extracellular enzyme capable of converting cholesterol to its 3-keto-4-ene derivative, cholestenone, has been proposed to play a role in the virulence of Mtb. Here, we verified the hypothesis that ChoD is capable of modifying the bactericidal and pro-inflammatory activity of human macrophages. We also sought to determine the contribution of complement receptor 3 (CR3)- and Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2)-mediated signaling pathways in the development of macrophage responses to Mtb. We found that intracellular replication of an Mtb mutant lacking a functional choD gene (ΔchoD) was less efficient in macrophages than that of the wild-type strain. Blocking CR3 and TLR2 with monoclonal antibodies enhanced survival of ΔchoD inside macrophages. We also showed that, in contrast to wild-type Mtb, the ΔchoD strain induced nitric oxide production in macrophages, an action that depended on the TLR2, but not the CR3, signaling pathway. Both wild-type and mutant strains inhibited the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), but the ΔchoD strain did so to a significantly lesser extent. Blocking TLR2-mediated signaling abolished the inhibitory effect of wild-type Mtb on ROS production by macrophages. Wild-type Mtb, but not the ΔchoD strain, decreased phorbol myristate acetate-induced phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2), which are involved in both TLR2- and CR3-mediated signaling pathways. Our finding also revealed that the production of interleukin 10 by macrophages was significantly lower in ΔchoD-infected macrophages than in wild-type Mtb-infected macrophages. However, tumor necrosis factor-α production by macrophages was the same after infection with mutant or wild-type strains. In summary, we demonstrate here that ChoD is required for Mtb interference with the TLR2-mediated signaling pathway and subsequent intracellular growth and survival of the pathogen in human macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Klink
- Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodz, Poland
| | - Marta Brzezinska
- Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodz, Poland
| | - Izabela Szulc
- Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodz, Poland
| | - Anna Brzostek
- Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodz, Poland
| | - Michal Kielbik
- Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodz, Poland
| | - Zofia Sulowska
- Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodz, Poland
| | - Jaroslaw Dziadek
- Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodz, Poland
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Abstract
Following pathogen infection or tissue damage, the stimulation of pattern recognition receptors on the cell surface and in the cytoplasm of innate immune cells activates members of each of the major mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) subfamilies--the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), p38 and Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) subfamilies. In conjunction with the activation of nuclear factor-κB and interferon-regulatory factor transcription factors, MAPK activation induces the expression of multiple genes that together regulate the inflammatory response. In this Review, we discuss our current knowledge about the regulation and the function of MAPKs in innate immunity, as well as the importance of negative feedback loops in limiting MAPK activity to prevent host tissue damage. We also examine how pathogens have evolved complex mechanisms to manipulate MAPK activation to increase their virulence. Finally, we consider the potential of the pharmacological targeting of MAPK pathways to treat autoimmune and inflammatory diseases.
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48
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Yang L, Sinha T, Carlson TK, Keiser TL, Torrelles JB, Schlesinger LS. Changes in the major cell envelope components of Mycobacterium tuberculosis during in vitro growth. Glycobiology 2013; 23:926-34. [PMID: 23576535 PMCID: PMC3695751 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwt029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Revised: 04/03/2013] [Accepted: 04/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
One-third of the world's population is infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb), which causes tuberculosis. Mycobacterium tuberculosis cell envelope components such as glycolipids, lipoglycans and polysaccharides play important roles in bacteria-host cell interactions that dictate the host immune response. However, little is known about the changes in the amounts and types of these cell envelope components as the bacillus divides during in vitro culture. To shed light on these phenomena, we examined growth-dependent changes over time in major cell envelope components of virulent M.tb by using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, thin-layer chromatography, mass spectrometry, immunoblotting and flow cytometry. Our studies provide evidence that major mannosylated glycoconjugates on the M.tb cell envelope change as M.tb grows in vitro on the widely used Middlebrook 7H11 agar. In particular, our compositional analyses show that from Day 9 to 28 the amounts of mannose-containing molecules, such as mannose-capped lipoarabinomannan, lipomannan and phosphatidyl-myo-inositol mannosides, change continuously in both the cell envelope and outer cell surface. Along with these changes, mannan levels on the outer cell surface also increase significantly over time. The implications of these differences in terms of how M.tb is grown for studies performed in vitro and in vivo for assessing M.tb-host recognition and establishment of infection are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanhao Yang
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, Center for Microbial Interface Biology
| | - Tejas Sinha
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, Center for Microbial Interface Biology
| | - Tracy K Carlson
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, Center for Microbial Interface Biology
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences
| | - Tracy L Keiser
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, Center for Microbial Interface Biology
- Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, 460 W. 12th Avenue, Biomedical Research Tower, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Jordi B Torrelles
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, Center for Microbial Interface Biology
| | - Larry S Schlesinger
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, Center for Microbial Interface Biology
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49
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Macrophages in tuberculosis: friend or foe. Semin Immunopathol 2013; 35:563-83. [PMID: 23864058 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-013-0388-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2013] [Accepted: 06/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) remains one of the greatest threats to human health. The causative bacterium, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), is acquired by the respiratory route. It is exquisitely human adapted and a prototypic intracellular pathogen of macrophages, with alveolar macrophages (AMs) being the primary conduit of infection and disease. The outcome of primary infection is most often a latently infected healthy human host, in whom the bacteria are held in check by the host immune response. Such individuals can develop active TB later in life with impairment in the immune system. In contrast, in a minority of infected individuals, the host immune response fails to control the growth of bacilli, and progressive granulomatous disease develops, facilitating spread of the bacilli via infectious aerosols coughed out into the environment and inhaled by new hosts. The molecular details of the Mtb-macrophage interaction continue to be elucidated. However, it is clear that a number of complex processes are involved at the different stages of infection that may benefit either the bacterium or the host. Macrophages demonstrate tremendous phenotypic heterogeneity and functional plasticity which, depending on the site and stage of infection, facilitate the diverse outcomes. Moreover, host responses vary depending on the specific characteristics of the infecting Mtb strain. In this chapter, we describe a contemporary view of the behavior of AMs and their interaction with various Mtb strains in generating unique immunologic lung-specific responses.
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Inhibition of nuclear factor-kappa B activation decreases survival of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in human macrophages. PLoS One 2013; 8:e61925. [PMID: 23634218 PMCID: PMC3636238 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0061925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2012] [Accepted: 03/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor-kappa B (NFκB) is a ubiquitous transcription factor that mediates pro-inflammatory responses required for host control of many microbial pathogens; on the other hand, NFκB has been implicated in the pathogenesis of other inflammatory and infectious diseases. Mice with genetic disruption of the p50 subunit of NFκB are more likely to succumb to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). However, the role of NFκB in host defense in humans is not fully understood. We sought to examine the role of NFκB activation in the immune response of human macrophages to MTB. Targeted pharmacologic inhibition of NFκB activation using BAY 11-7082 (BAY, an inhibitor of IκBα kinase) or an adenovirus construct with a dominant-negative IκBα significantly decreased the number of viable intracellular mycobacteria recovered from THP-1 macrophages four and eight days after infection. The results with BAY were confirmed in primary human monocyte-derived macrophages and alveolar macrophages. NFκB inhibition was associated with increased macrophage apoptosis and autophagy, which are well-established killing mechanisms of intracellular MTB. Inhibition of the executioner protease caspase-3 or of the autophagic pathway significantly abrogated the effects of BAY. We conclude that NFκB inhibition decreases viability of intracellular MTB in human macrophages via induction of apoptosis and autophagy.
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