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Sun J, Dong S, Li J, Zhao H. A comprehensive review on the effects of green tea and its components on the immune function. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2022.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Pan S, Yan X, Li T, Suo X, Liu H, Tan B, Huang W, Yang Y, Zhang H, Dong X. Impacts of tea polyphenols on growth, antioxidant capacity and immunity in juvenile hybrid grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus ♀ × E. lanceolatus ♂) fed high-lipid diets. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 128:348-359. [PMID: 35963561 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The experiment aimed to investigate the alteration of tea polyphenols (TP) in growth and immunity for hybrid grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus ♀ × E. lanceolatus ♂) fed high-lipid diets. Six concentrations of TP (0, 0.01, 0.02, 0.04, 0.08, 0.16%, named TP1 (basic diet control), TP2, TP3, TP4, TP5, TP6) were supplied in isonitrogenous (51%) and isolipidic (16.7%) experimental diets. These diets were fed to the juvenile grouper (8.68 ± 0.22 g) for 8 weeks. The results showed that dietary TP significantly increased the weight gain rate and specific growth rate (P < 0.05), compared with the control group. The protein efficiency ratio in TP4 group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P < 0.05). TP supplement in high-lipid diets increased antioxidant capacity in the serum (CAT, GSH-Px, T-AOC) and liver (SOD, CAT, GSH-Px, T-AOC). Additionally, dietary TP decreased oxidative stress (ROS, MDA) and improved immunity (ACP, AKP, LYS, IgM) in the liver. The histology of hepatic tissue indicated that dietary TP alleviated pathological symptoms caused by high-lipid diets. Compared with the control group, appropriate dietary TP significantly up-regulated expression of sod, cat, gsh-px, nrf2, keap1, hsp70, hsp90, myd88, tnfα and down-regulated expression of tlr22, il8, il1β, il10 in the liver (P < 0.05). In the head kidney, expression of myd88, il1β, tnfα and il6 were significantly up-regulated and expression of tlr22 and il10 were significantly down-regulated by dietary TP (P < 0.05). After the challenge of Vibrio harveyi, survival rate in higher doses of TP group (TP4 ∼ TP6) was evidently higher, compared with the control group. In conclusion, TP supplement in high-lipid diets improved antioxidant capacity and enhanced immunity of grouper. We speculate that TP may play the role of an immunostimulant, enhancing immunity and disease resistance by cytokine-medicated immune responses. Based on the second-order regression, 0.092-0.106% tea polyphenols were recommended in juvenile grouper high-lipid diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simiao Pan
- Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, China; Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, China
| | - Xiaobo Yan
- Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, China; Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, China
| | - Tao Li
- Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, China; Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, China
| | - Xiangxiang Suo
- Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, China; Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, China; Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, China
| | - Beiping Tan
- Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, China; Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524000, China
| | - Weibin Huang
- Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, China; Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, China
| | - Yuanzhi Yang
- Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, China
| | - Haitao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524000, China
| | - Xiaohui Dong
- Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, China; Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524000, China.
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Gao T, Ye F, Yuan F, Liu Z, Liu W, Zhou D, Yang K, Guo R, Wang N, Zhang T, Zhou R, Tian Y. Green tea polyphenols inhibit growth, pathogenicity and metabolomics profiles of Streptococcus suis. Microb Pathog 2022; 164:105421. [PMID: 35114350 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Streptococcus suis (SS) is an important pathogen in pigs and can also cause severe infection in humans. Currently, more and more drug resistance is reported, resulting in the search for new drugs being needed urgently. Green tea polyphenols (GTP) was reported to inhibit many bacteria. However, SS response to GTP has not been studied before. In this report, the effect of GTP on growth, cell integrity, pathogenicity and metabolic pathway of SS was examined. The GTP inhibited growth, led to cellular damage, and attenuated pathogenicity of SS. Finally, GTP affected many important metabolic pathways of SS, such as ABC transporters, pyrimidine metabolism, protein digestion and absorption. The results provide new insight into the prevention and control of SS infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Gao
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Fei Ye
- Institute of Fruit and Tea, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Fangyan Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Zewen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Danna Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Keli Yang
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui Guo
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Ningning Wang
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China; State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China; Cooperative Innovation Center of Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Tengfei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China; Cooperative Innovation Center of Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China.
| | - Yongxiang Tian
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China.
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4
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Gilchrist AK, Smolensky D, Ngwaga T, Chauhan D, Cox S, Perumal R, Noronha LE, Shames SR. High-polyphenol extracts from Sorghum bicolor attenuate replication of Legionella pneumophila within RAW 264.7 macrophages. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2021; 367:5809964. [PMID: 32188994 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnaa053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols derived from a variety of plants have demonstrated antimicrobial activity against diverse microbial pathogens. Legionella pneumophila is an intracellular bacterial pathogen that opportunistically causes a severe inflammatory pneumonia in humans, called Legionnaires' Disease, via replication within macrophages. Previous studies demonstrated that tea polyphenols attenuate L. pneumophila intracellular replication within mouse macrophages via increased tumor necrosis factor (TNF) production. Sorghum bicolor is a sustainable cereal crop that thrives in arid environments and is well-suited to continued production in warming climates. Sorghum polyphenols have anticancer and antioxidant properties, but their antimicrobial activity has not been evaluated. Here, we investigated the impact of sorghum polyphenols on L. pneumophila intracellular replication within RAW 264.7 mouse macrophages. Sorghum high-polyphenol extract (HPE) attenuated L. pneumophila intracellular replication in a dose-dependent manner but did not impair either bacterial replication in rich media or macrophage viability. Moreover, HPE treatment enhanced both TNF and IL-6 secretion from L. pneumophila infected macrophages. Thus, polyphenols derived from sorghum enhance macrophage restriction of L. pneumophila, likely via increased pro-inflammatory cytokine production. This work reveals commonalities between plant polyphenol-mediated antimicrobial activity and provides a foundation for future evaluation of sorghum as an antimicrobial agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aubrey K Gilchrist
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, 1717 Claflin Road, Manhattan, Kansas, 66506 USA
| | - Dmitriy Smolensky
- Grain Quality and Structure Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 1515 College Avenue, Manhattan, Kansas, 66506 USA
| | - Tshegofatso Ngwaga
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, 1717 Claflin Road, Manhattan, Kansas, 66506 USA
| | - Deepika Chauhan
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, 1717 Claflin Road, Manhattan, Kansas, 66506 USA
| | - Sarah Cox
- Grain Quality and Structure Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 1515 College Avenue, Manhattan, Kansas, 66506 USA
| | - Ramasamy Perumal
- Kansas State University Agricultural Research Center, 1232 240th Avenue, Hays, Kansas, 67601 USA
| | - Leela E Noronha
- Arthropod-borne Animal Disease Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture, 1515 College Avenue, Manhattan, Kansas, 66506 USA
| | - Stephanie R Shames
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, 1717 Claflin Road, Manhattan, Kansas, 66506 USA
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Thammarat P, Sirilun S, Phongpradist R, Raiwa A, Pandith H, Jiaranaikulwanitch J. Validated HPTLC and antioxidant activities for quality control of catechin in a fermented tea ( Camellia sinensis var. assamica). Food Sci Nutr 2021; 9:3228-3239. [PMID: 34136187 PMCID: PMC8194912 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Miang, a Thai traditional fermented tea (Camellia sinensis var. assamica), is exploited as nutraceutical and cosmeceutical ingredients despite limited standardization studies. Thus, this research aimed to develop a simple and rapid method for miang quality control using catechin and high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) validated according to the International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH) and the Association of Official Analytical Collaboration (AOAC). The developing solvent consisting of toluene: ethyl acetate: acetone: formic acid (6:6:6:1 v/v/v/v) showed acceptable specificity with R f value of 0.54 ± 0.02 and linearity with correlation coefficient of 0.9951. The recovery was 98.84%-103.53%, and the RSD of intra- and inter-day precision was 0.70%-3.00% and 1.93%-4.94%, respectively. Miang ethyl acetate fraction is suggested to be attractive ingredient due to rich catechin (25.78 ± 0.53%), prolonged stability at 40 ◦C, and strong antioxidants determined by the assays of ABTS (IC50 = 3.32 ± 0.74 mg/ml), FRAP (89.05 ± 15.49 mg equivalent of FeSO4/g), and inhibition of lipid peroxidation (IC50 = 4.36 ± 0.67 mg/ml).
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Affiliation(s)
- Phanit Thammarat
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesFaculty of PharmacyChiang Mai UniversityChiang MaiThailand
| | - Sasithorn Sirilun
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesFaculty of PharmacyChiang Mai UniversityChiang MaiThailand
- Innovation Center for Holistic Health, Nutraceuticals, and CosmeceuticalsFaculty of PharmacyChiang Mai UniversityChiang MaiThailand
| | - Rungsinee Phongpradist
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesFaculty of PharmacyChiang Mai UniversityChiang MaiThailand
| | - Araya Raiwa
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesFaculty of PharmacyChiang Mai UniversityChiang MaiThailand
| | - Hataichanok Pandith
- Department of BiologyFaculty of SciencesChiang Mai UniversityChiang MaiThailand
- Research Center in Bioresources for Agriculture, Industry and MedicineFaculty of ScienceChiang Mai UniversityChiang MaiThailand
| | - Jutamas Jiaranaikulwanitch
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesFaculty of PharmacyChiang Mai UniversityChiang MaiThailand
- Innovation Center for Holistic Health, Nutraceuticals, and CosmeceuticalsFaculty of PharmacyChiang Mai UniversityChiang MaiThailand
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6
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Boumaza A, Mezouar S, Bardou M, Raoult D, Mège JL, Desnues B. Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitors Exacerbate Whipple's Disease by Reprogramming Macrophage and Inducing Apoptosis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:667357. [PMID: 34093562 PMCID: PMC8173622 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.667357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Tropheryma whipplei is the agent of Whipple’s disease, a rare systemic disease characterized by macrophage infiltration of the intestinal mucosa. The disease first manifests as arthralgia and/or arthropathy that usually precede the diagnosis by years, and which may push clinicians to prescribe Tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFI) to treat unexplained arthralgia. However, such therapies have been associated with exacerbation of subclinical undiagnosed Whipple’s disease. The objective of this study was to delineate the biological basis of disease exacerbation. We found that etanercept, adalimumab or certolizumab treatment of monocyte-derived macrophages from healthy subjects significantly increased bacterial replication in vitro without affecting uptake. Interestingly, this effect was associated with macrophage repolarization and increased rate of apoptosis. Further analysis revealed that in patients for whom Whipple’s disease diagnosis was made while under TNFI therapy, apoptosis was increased in duodenal tissue specimens as compared with control Whipple’s disease patients who never received TNFI prior diagnosis. In addition, IFN-γ expression was increased in duodenal biopsy specimen and circulating levels of IFN-γ were higher in patients for whom Whipple’s disease diagnosis was made while under TNFI therapy. Taken together, our findings establish that TNFI aggravate/exacerbate latent or subclinical undiagnosed Whipple’s disease by promoting a strong inflammatory response and apoptosis and confirm that patients may be screened for T. whipplei prior to introduction of TNFI therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Boumaza
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, Marseille, France.,IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Soraya Mezouar
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, Marseille, France.,IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Matthieu Bardou
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, Marseille, France.,IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Didier Raoult
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, Marseille, France.,IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Louis Mège
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, Marseille, France.,IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Benoit Desnues
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, Marseille, France.,IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
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Diet-Derived Antioxidants and Their Role in Inflammation, Obesity and Gut Microbiota Modulation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10050708. [PMID: 33946864 PMCID: PMC8146040 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10050708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
It is generally accepted that gut microbiota, inflammation and obesity are linked to the development of cardiovascular diseases and other chronic/non-communicable pathological conditions, including cancer, neurodegenerative diseases and ageing-related disorders. In this scenario, oxidative stress plays a pivotal role. Evidence suggests that the global dietary patterns may represent a tool in counteracting oxidative stress, thus preventing the onset of diseases related to oxidative stress. More specifically, dietary patterns based on the regular consumption of fruits and vegetables (i.e., Mediterranean diet) have been licensed by various national nutritional guidelines in many countries for their health-promoting effects. Such patterns, indeed, result in being rich in specific components, such as fiber, minerals, vitamins and antioxidants, whose beneficial effects on human health have been widely reported. This suggests a potential nutraceutical power of specific dietary components. In this manuscript, we summarize the most relevant evidence reporting the impact of dietary antioxidants on gut microbiota composition, inflammation and obesity, and we underline that antioxidants are implicated in a complex interplay between gut microbiota, inflammation and obesity, thus suggesting their possible role in the development and modulation of chronic diseases related to oxidative stress and in the maintenance of wellness. Do all roads lead to Rome?
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Afzal SM, Vafa A, Rashid S, Shree A, Islam J, Ali N, Sultana S. Amelioration of N,N'-dimethylhydrazine induced colon toxicity by epigallocatechin gallate in Wistar rats. Hum Exp Toxicol 2021; 40:1558-1571. [PMID: 33754881 DOI: 10.1177/09603271211002884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Colon cancer is a life-threatening disease all over the world and is linked to constant oxidative stress and inflammation. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), is a naturally occurring flavone possessing health benefiting pharmacological properties including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and free radical scavenging properties. Our study investigates the role of EGCG on N,N'-dimethylhydrazine (DMH), a toxic environmental pollutant, induced colon toxicity. To investigate the effect of EGCG, Wistar rats were given EGCG for 7 days at the two doses of 10 and 20 mg/kg body weight and DMH was injected on the seventh day in all the group rats except the control. Our results indicate that DMH administration increased the oxidative stress (MDA) and depleted the glutathione and antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, CAT, GR, GST and GPx) which was significantly ameliorated by EGCG treatment. Additionally DMH treatment upregulated inflammatory markers expression (NF-κB, COX-2 and IL-6) and enhanced mucosal damage in the colon. EGCG treatment significantly reduced inflammation and restored the normal histoarchitecture of the colon. We can conclude from the present study findings that EGCG protects the colon from DMH toxicity through its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Afzal
- Section of Molecular Carcinogenesis and Chemoprevention, Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, 28848Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - A Vafa
- Section of Molecular Carcinogenesis and Chemoprevention, Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, 28848Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - S Rashid
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, 204568Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - A Shree
- Section of Molecular Carcinogenesis and Chemoprevention, Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, 28848Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - J Islam
- Section of Molecular Carcinogenesis and Chemoprevention, Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, 28848Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - N Ali
- Section of Molecular Carcinogenesis and Chemoprevention, Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, 28848Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, 37850King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - S Sultana
- Section of Molecular Carcinogenesis and Chemoprevention, Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, 28848Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
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Dutta P, Bishayi B. Neutralization of TNF-α and IL-1β Regulates CXCL8 Production through CXCL8/CXCR1 Axis in Macrophages during Staphylococcus aureus Infection. Immunol Invest 2020; 50:700-725. [PMID: 32602757 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2020.1787436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Anti-cytokine therapy is widely acknowledged as an anti-inflammatory technique to treat varied infectious diseases. TNF-α and IL-1β are major cytokines that regulate every aspect of the inflammatory process. However, the effects of single or dual cytokine neutralization on S. aureus mediated CXCL8 secretion and CXCR1 expression in murine peritoneal macrophages remained noninvestigated. Thus we aimed to explore the effects of kinetic-dose dependent neutralization of TNF-α and IL-1β using specific anti-cytokine antibodies and its influential impact on the CXCL8/CXCR1 axis at different stages of S. aureus (30, 60, and 90 min) infection. The murine peritoneal macrophages were isolated and infected with viable S. aureus followed by subsequent addition of anti-TNF-α and anti-IL-1β into the medium. The treated cells were centrifuged and lysate and supernatant collected for various experiments. The ROS generation was measured and cytokine production was estimated by ELISA. The expression of TNFR1, IL-1R, CXCR1, signaling molecules (NF-κB and JNK) were evaluated by Western blot. The role of single or dual cytokine neutralization on intracellular bacterial phagocytosis had also been analyzed by confocal microscopy. Dual cytokine neutralization significantly suppressed ROS, cytokines, CXCL8 secretion, and intracellular bacterial count compared to single cytokine neutralization and it was more apparent at 90 min post S. aureus infection. There was a drastic reduction in TNFR1, IL-1R, and CXCR1 expression on macrophage surface due to reduced expression of downstream signaling molecules, NF-κB and JNK. Hence dual cytokine neutralization was more effectual compared to single cytokine neutralization in the downregulation of S. aureus induced CXCR1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puja Dutta
- Department of Physiology, Immunology laboratory, University of Calcutta, University Colleges of Science and Technology, Calcutta, India
| | - Biswadev Bishayi
- Department of Physiology, Immunology laboratory, University of Calcutta, University Colleges of Science and Technology, Calcutta, India
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Wang Y, Jin HY, Fang MZ, Wang XF, Chen H, Huang SL, Kong DS, Li M, Zhang X, Sun Y, Wang SM. Epigallocatechin gallate inhibits dimethylhydrazine-induced colorectal cancer in rats. World J Gastroenterol 2020; 26:2064-2081. [PMID: 32536775 PMCID: PMC7267698 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i17.2064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is a polyhydroxy phenolic compound extracted from tea and its antitumor effect has received widespread attention. We explored the inhibitory effect of EGCG on dimethylhydrazine (DMH)-induced colorectal cancer (CRC) using a rat model, predicted the interaction between EGCG and CRC target genes using a database, and explained the EGCG associated target pathways and mechanisms in CRC.
AIM To understand the inhibitory mechanisms of EGCG on CRC cell proliferation and identify its pharmacological targets by network pharmacology analysis.
METHODS DMH (40 mg/kg, s.c., twice weekly for eight weeks) was used to induce CRC in rats. After model establishment, the rats were administered with EGCG (50, 100, or 200 mg/kg, p.o., once daily for eight weeks) and killed 12 and 20 wk after the start of the experiment. Formation of aberrant crypt foci and tumor was studied by histological analysis. Using network pharmacology analysis, candidate and collective targets of EGCG and CRC were identified, and Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses were used to predict the pathways altered by EGCG.
RESULTS At week 12, high-dose EGCG treatment significantly reduced the tumor formation rate, total number of tumors, cancerous and non-cancerous tumors, tumor volume, ascites formation, and aberrant crypt foci count. At week 20, all three doses of EGCG were effective. Seventy-eight collective targets of EGCG and CRC were identified, of which 28 genes were dysregulated in CRC. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes and GO analyses showed that the dysregulated genes were enriched in hsa05210 (CRC), hsa04115 (p53 signaling pathway), and hsa04151 (PI3K-Akt signaling pathway), GO:0043124 (negative regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling pathway), GO:0043409 (negative regulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade), and GO:2001244 (positive regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway) respectively.
CONCLUSION EGCG inhibits the formation of DMH-induced CRC by regulating key pathways involved in tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hei-Ying Jin
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210000, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ming-Zhi Fang
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Wang
- National Center of Colorectal Disease, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hao Chen
- National Center of Colorectal Disease, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Shu-Liang Huang
- Department of Pathology, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210022, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - De-Song Kong
- Scientific Research Administration Department, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiu Zhang
- Endoscopy Center, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yu Sun
- Origin Bioscience Inc, Nanjing 210000, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Shui-Ming Wang
- National Center of Colorectal Disease, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210001, Jiangsu Province, China
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11
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Lohani M, Majrashi M, Govindarajulu M, Patel M, Ramesh S, Bhattacharya D, Joshi S, Fadan M, Nadar R, Darien B, Maurice DV, Kemppainen B, Dhanasekaran M. Immunomodulatory actions of a Polynesian herb Noni (Morinda citrifolia) and its clinical applications. Complement Ther Med 2019; 47:102206. [PMID: 31780035 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2019.102206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Morinda citrifolia (Noni) is a popular traditional medicinal plant consumed in various forms in several countries around the world as a complementary and alternative treatment due to its established health benefits. Noni is rich in bioactive substances and has significantly exhibited pro-oxidant and immunomodulatory effects. In this review, we highlight the pharmacological basis related to the phytochemicals and polysaccharides present in Noni and its potential therapeutic effects. We screened electronic databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus for scientific literature. Our results indicate that Noni is beneficial for various diseases with its crude extracts showing therapeutic benefit for a wide range of pathological diseases. We believe that further pharmacological and toxicological studies in addition to well-designed controlled clinical trials can validate Noni to be an effective and novel natural product for prophylactic and therapeutic use of several diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhukar Lohani
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn, AL 36830, USA
| | - Mohammed Majrashi
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, 23881, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manoj Govindarajulu
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Mansi Patel
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Sindhu Ramesh
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Dwipayan Bhattacharya
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Sneha Joshi
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Maali Fadan
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Rishi Nadar
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Benjamin Darien
- Department of Medical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Denzil V Maurice
- Animal and Veterinary Sciences, College of Agriculture, Clemson University, Clemson, 29634, USA
| | - Barbara Kemppainen
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn, AL 36830, USA
| | - Muralikrishnan Dhanasekaran
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA.
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Wang X, Chen Z, Zhang C, Zhang C, Ma G, Yang J, Wei X, Sun H. A Generic Coordination Assembly-Enabled Nanocoating of Individual Tumor Cells for Personalized Immunotherapy. Adv Healthc Mater 2019; 8:e1900474. [PMID: 31322330 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201900474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A generic and effective tumor cells encapsulation strategy enabled by metal-organic coordination is developed to prepare a vaccine for personalized immunotherapy. Specifically, an epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG)-Al(III) coordination layer is in situ formed onto individual living cells in aqueous phase and the process can be completed within an hour. 98% of proteins in the cells are entrapped within the microparticles, which are endowed with high antigens loading capacity. The microparticles enhance the uptake efficiency of antigens, protect antigens from degradation in vivo, and delay the retention time of antigens in the lymph nodes. Moreover, dendritic cells (DCs) activation is triggered by the microparticles, and simultaneously, the expression of costimulation marker on DCs and the production of Th1-related cytokines are significantly upregulated. Moreover, six kinds of tumor cells are utilized and successfully coated with the EGCG/Al(III) layer, suggesting the generalization of this strategy. More importantly, the microparticles exhibit a comparative antitumor effect with polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (PolyI:C) in B16 pulmonary metastasis model. Overall, the encapsulation strategy enabled by metal-organic coordination can be potentially useful for personalized immunotherapy customized to individual patient's tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomaterial ResearchInstitute of Biomedical EngineeringChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Tianjin 300192 China
| | - Zuoguan Chen
- Department of Vascular SurgeryBeijing HospitalNational Center of GerontologyChinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College Beijing 100730 China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomaterial ResearchInstitute of Biomedical EngineeringChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Tianjin 300192 China
| | - Chuangnian Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomaterial ResearchInstitute of Biomedical EngineeringChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Tianjin 300192 China
| | - Guilei Ma
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomaterial ResearchInstitute of Biomedical EngineeringChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Tianjin 300192 China
| | - Jing Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomaterial ResearchInstitute of Biomedical EngineeringChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Tianjin 300192 China
| | - Xiaoqing Wei
- Oral Biomedical SciencesSchool of DentistryCardiff Institute of Tissue Engineering and RepairCollege of Biomedical and Life SciencesCardiff University Cardiff CF14 4XY UK
| | - Hongfan Sun
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomaterial ResearchInstitute of Biomedical EngineeringChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Tianjin 300192 China
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Wu D, Lewis ED, Pae M, Meydani SN. Nutritional Modulation of Immune Function: Analysis of Evidence, Mechanisms, and Clinical Relevance. Front Immunol 2019; 9:3160. [PMID: 30697214 PMCID: PMC6340979 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.03160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well-established that the nutritional deficiency or inadequacy can impair immune functions. Growing evidence suggests that for certain nutrients increased intake above currently recommended levels may help optimize immune functions including improving defense function and thus resistance to infection, while maintaining tolerance. This review will examine the data representing the research on prominent intervention agents n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), micronutrients (zinc, vitamins D and E), and functional foods including probiotics and tea components for their immunological effects, working mechanisms, and clinical relevance. Many of these nutritive and non-nutritive food components are related in their functions to maintain or improve immune function including inhibition of pro-inflammatory mediators, promotion of anti-inflammatory functions, modulation of cell-mediated immunity, alteration of antigen-presenting cell functions, and communication between the innate and adaptive immune systems. Both animal and human studies present promising findings suggesting a clinical benefit of vitamin D, n-3 PUFA, and green tea catechin EGCG in autoimmune and inflammatory disorders, and vitamin D, vitamin E, zinc, and probiotics in reduction of infection. However, many studies report divergent and discrepant results/conclusions due to various factors. Chief among them, and thus call for attention, includes more standardized trial designs, better characterized populations, greater consideration for the intervention doses used, and more meaningful outcome measurements chosen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayong Wu
- Nutritional Immunology Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Erin D Lewis
- Nutritional Immunology Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Munyong Pae
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Simin Nikbin Meydani
- Nutritional Immunology Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States
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Kleber Silveira A, Moresco KS, Mautone Gomes H, da Silva Morrone M, Kich Grun L, Pens Gelain D, de Mattos Pereira L, Giongo A, Rodrigues De Oliveira R, Fonseca Moreira JC. Guarana (Paullinia cupana Mart.) alters gut microbiota and modulates redox status, partially via caffeine in Wistar rats. Phytother Res 2018; 32:2466-2474. [PMID: 30277282 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Microbiota alterations are observed in pathological conditions, and their regulation is a subject of great interest. Gut microbes are affected by diet, and plant polyphenols may have positive effect on gut microbiota; however, plant-derived extracts may have toxic effects. Guarana (Paullinia cupana Mart.) is a nontraditional medicinal plant applied worldwide. Guarana yields an alkaloid and polyphenol-rich seed with antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties, where caffeine is the major compound. We evaluated the effects of guarana seed powder (GSP) and purified caffeine on gut microbial composition and redox and inflammatory parameters in Wistar rats after 21 days of treatment. Fecal microbiota was analyzed utilizing 16S rDNA sequencing. Antioxidant enzymes activities from liver, kidney, and colon, as well as oxidative damage markers, were evaluated. Total nonenzymatic antioxidant potential was also evaluated. Microbiota was altered by both treatments, GSP and caffeine, without loss of diversity. In the liver, the kidney, and the colon, we observed a decrease in the antioxidant enzymes activities in the GSP group with no increase in the expression of oxidative damage markers, although some enzymes were also regulated by caffeine. Taken together, these results suggested that GSP ameliorates redox parameters but negatively affected gut microbiota, partially via caffeine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Kleber Silveira
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Karla Suzana Moresco
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Henrique Mautone Gomes
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Maurílio da Silva Morrone
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Lucas Kich Grun
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Daniel Pens Gelain
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Leandro de Mattos Pereira
- Institute of Petroleum and Natural Resources, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Adriana Giongo
- Institute of Petroleum and Natural Resources, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Rafael Rodrigues De Oliveira
- Institute of Petroleum and Natural Resources, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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15
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Liu Z, Chen Z, Guo H, He D, Zhao H, Wang Z, Zhang W, Liao L, Zhang C, Ni L. The modulatory effect of infusions of green tea, oolong tea, and black tea on gut microbiota in high-fat-induced obese mice. Food Funct 2018; 7:4869-4879. [PMID: 27812583 DOI: 10.1039/c6fo01439a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Tea consumption has been identified to have an anti-obesity effect. Whether it is associated with gut microbiota modulation is investigated in this study. Phenolic profiles of infusions of green tea, oolong tea and black tea were comprehensively compared first, by utilizing ultra-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-Q-TOFMS). Subsequently, high-fat-diet induced obese C57BL/6J mice were orally administered these three types of tea infusions for 13 weeks to evaluate their anti-obesity and gut microbiota modulatory effects. In general, 8 phenolic acids, 12 flavanols, 9 flavonols, 2 alkaloids and 1 amino acid were identified from the three types of tea infusions. Though they possess diverse phenolic compounds, no significant differences in the prevention of the development of obesity in high-fat-fed mice were discovered among the three types of tea. Based on high-throughput MiSeq sequencing and multivariate statistical analysis, it was revealed that tea infusion consumption substantially increased diversity and altered the structure of gut microbiota. The linear discriminant analysis effect size algorithm identified 30 key phylotypes in response to high-fat diet and tea, including Alistipes, Rikenella, Lachnospiraceae, Akkermansia, Bacteroides, Allobaculum, Parabacteroides, etc. Moreover, Spearman's correlation analysis indicated that these key phylotypes might have a close association with the obesity related indexes of the host. This study provides detailed information regarding the impact of tea consumption on gut microbiota, which may be helpful in understanding the anti-obesity mechanisms of tea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhibin Liu
- Institute of Food Science & Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, P.R. China.
| | - Zhichao Chen
- Institute of Food Science & Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, P.R. China.
| | - Hongwen Guo
- Institute of Food Science & Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, P.R. China.
| | - Dongping He
- Institute of Food Science & Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, P.R. China.
| | - Huiru Zhao
- Institute of Food Science & Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, P.R. China.
| | - Zhiyao Wang
- Institute of Food Science & Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, P.R. China.
| | - Wen Zhang
- Institute of Food Science & Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, P.R. China.
| | - Lan Liao
- Institute of Food Science & Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, P.R. China.
| | - Chen Zhang
- Institute of Food Science & Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, P.R. China.
| | - Li Ni
- Institute of Food Science & Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, P.R. China.
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16
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Falcinelli SD, Shi MC, Friedlander AM, Chua J. Green tea and epigallocatechin-3-gallate are bactericidal against Bacillus anthracis. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2018; 364:3866595. [PMID: 28605495 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnx127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacillus anthracis, the etiological agent of anthrax, is listed as a category A biothreat agent by the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The virulence of the organism is due to expression of two exotoxins and capsule, which interfere with host cellular signaling, alter host water homeostasis and inhibit phagocytosis of the pathogen, respectively. Concerns regarding the past and possible future use of B. anthracis as a bioterrorism agent have resulted in an impetus to develop more effective protective measures and therapeutics. In this study, green tea was found to inhibit the in vitro growth of B. anthracis. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a compound found abundantly in green tea, was shown to be responsible for this activity. EGCG was bactericidal against both the attenuated B. anthracis ANR and the virulent encapsulated B. anthracis Ames strain. This study highlights the antimicrobial activity of green tea and EGCG against anthrax and suggests the need for further investigation of EGCG as a therapeutic candidate against B. anthracis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane D Falcinelli
- Bacteriology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Maggie C Shi
- Bacteriology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Arthur M Friedlander
- Bacteriology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.,Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Jennifer Chua
- Bacteriology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
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17
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Rogers J, Perkins I, van Olphen A, Burdash N, Klein TW, Friedman H. Epigallocatechin Gallate Modulates Cytokine Production by Bone Marrow-Derived Dendritic Cells Stimulated with Lipopolysaccharide or Muramyldipeptide, or Infected with Legionella pneumophila. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2016; 230:645-51. [PMID: 16179732 DOI: 10.1177/153537020523000906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary polyphenol in green tea extract is the catechin epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG). Various studies have shown significant suppressive effects of catechin on mammalian cells, either tumor or normal cells, including lymphoid cells. Previous studies from this laboratory reported that EGCG has marked suppressive activity on murine macrophages infected with the intracellular bacterium Legionella pneumophila (Lp), an effect mediated by enhanced production of both tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and γ-interferon (IFN-γ). In the present study, primary murine bone marrow (BM)-derived dendritic cells (DCs), a phagocytic monocytic cell essential for innate immunity to intracellular microorganisms, such as Lp, were stimulated in vitro with the microbial stimulant lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from gram-negative bacteria, the cell wall component from gram-positive bacteria muramyldipeptide (MDP) or infected with Lp. Production of the T helper cell (Th1)-activating cytokine, interleukin-12 (IL-12) and the proinflammatory cytokine, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), produced mainly by phagocytic cells and important for antimicrobial immunity, was determined in cell culture supernatants by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Treatment of the cells with EGCG inhibited, in a dose-dependent manner, production of IL-12. In contrast, enhanced production of TNF-α occurred in a dose-dependent manner in the DC cultures stimulated with either soluble bacterial product or infected with Lp. Thus, the results of this study show that the EGCG catechin has a marked effect in modulating production of these immunoregulatory cytokines in stimulated DCs, which are important for antimicrobial immunity, especially innate immunity. Further studies are necessary to characterize the physiologic function of the effect of EGCG on TNF-α and IL-12 during Lp infection, and the mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Rogers
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
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18
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Bakheet SA, Attia SM, Alwetaid MY, Ansari MA, Zoheir KM, Nadeem A, Al-Shabanah OA, Al-Harbi MM, Ahmad SF. β-1,3-Glucan reverses aflatoxin B1-mediated suppression of immune responses in mice. Life Sci 2016; 152:1-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2015] [Revised: 03/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Patel S, Vajdy M. Induction of cellular and molecular immunomodulatory pathways by vitamin A and flavonoids. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2015; 15:1411-28. [PMID: 26185959 DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2015.1066331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A detailed study of reports on the immunomodulatory properties of vitamin A and select flavonoids may pave the way for using these natural compounds or compounds with similar structures in novel drug and vaccine designs against infectious and autoimmune diseases and cancers. AREAS COVERED Intracellular transduction pathways, cellular differentiation and functional immunomodulatory responses have been reviewed. The reported studies encompass in vitro, in vivo preclinical and clinical studies that address the role of vitamin A and select flavonoids in induction of innate and adaptive B- and T-cell responses, including TH1, TH2 and regulatory T cells (Treg). EXPERT OPINION While the immunomodulatory role of vitamin A, and related compounds, is well-established in many preclinical studies, its role in humans has begun to gain wider acceptance. In contrast, the role of flavonoids is mostly controversial in clinical trials, due to the diversity of the various classes of these compounds, and possibly due to the purity and the selected doses of the compounds. However, current preclinical and clinical studies warrant further detailed studies of these promising immunomodulatory compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sapna Patel
- a EpitoGenesis, Inc. , 1392 Storrs Rd Unit 4213, ATL Building, Rm 101, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Michael Vajdy
- a EpitoGenesis, Inc. , 1392 Storrs Rd Unit 4213, ATL Building, Rm 101, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
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20
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Bioavailability of dietary polyphenols and gut microbiota metabolism: antimicrobial properties. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:905215. [PMID: 25802870 PMCID: PMC4352739 DOI: 10.1155/2015/905215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 456] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Revised: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Polyphenolic compounds are plant nutraceuticals showing a huge structural diversity, including chlorogenic acids, hydrolyzable tannins, and flavonoids (flavonols, flavanones, flavan-3-ols, anthocyanidins, isoflavones, and flavones). Most of them occur as glycosylated derivatives in plants and foods. In order to become bioactive at human body, these polyphenols must undergo diverse intestinal transformations, due to the action of digestive enzymes, but also by the action of microbiota metabolism. After elimination of sugar tailoring (generating the corresponding aglycons) and diverse hydroxyl moieties, as well as further backbone reorganizations, the final absorbed compounds enter the portal vein circulation towards liver (where other enzymatic transformations take place) and from there to other organs, including behind the digestive tract or via blood towards urine excretion. During this transit along diverse tissues and organs, they are able to carry out strong antiviral, antibacterial, and antiparasitic activities. This paper revises and discusses these antimicrobial activities of dietary polyphenols and their relevance for human health, shedding light on the importance of polyphenols structure recognition by specific enzymes produced by intestinal microbial taxa.
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Modifying Effect ofN-Acetyltransferase 2 Genotype on the Association Between Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Consumption of Alcohol and Caffeine-Rich Beverages. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2014; 66:1048-56. [DOI: 10.1002/acr.22282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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22
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Zhao L, Li W, Zhu S, Tsai S, Li J, Tracey KJ, Wang P, Fan S, Sama AE, Wang H. Green tea catechins quench the fluorescence of bacteria-conjugated Alexa fluor dyes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 12:308-14. [PMID: 24011199 PMCID: PMC3796893 DOI: 10.2174/18715281113129990057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2013] [Revised: 08/07/2013] [Accepted: 08/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that Green tea polyphenolic catechins, especially the (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), can be cross-linked to many proteins, and confer a wide range of anti-bacterial activities possibly by damaging microbial cytoplasmic lipids and proteins. At the doses that conferred protection against lethal polymicrobial infection (induced by cecal ligation and puncture), EGCG significantly reduced bacterial loads particularly in the liver and lung. To elucidate its bactericidal mechanisms, we determined whether EGCG affected the fluorescence intensities of bacteria-conjugated Alexa Fluor 488 or 594 dyes. When mixed with unconjugated Alexa Fluor 488 or 594 dyes, EGCG or analogs did not affect the fluorescence intensity of these dyes. In a sharp contrast, EGCG and some analogs (e.g., Catechin Gallate, CG), markedly reduced the fluorescence intensity of Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus-conjugated Alexa 594 and Gram-negative Escherichia coli-conjugated Alexa 488. Interestingly, co-treatment with ethanol impaired the EGCG-mediated fluorescence quenching of the G(+) S. aureus, but not of the G(-) E. coli-conjugated Alexa Flour dyes. In light of the notion that Alexa Fluor dyes can be quenched by aromatic amino acids, it is plausible that EGCG exerts antimicrobial activities possibly by altering microbial protein conformations and functions. This possibility can now be explored by screening other fluorescence-quenching agents for possible antimicrobial activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, North Shore University Hospital, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA.
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23
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Pae M, Wu D. Immunomodulating effects of epigallocatechin-3-gallate from green tea: mechanisms and applications. Food Funct 2014; 4:1287-303. [PMID: 23835657 DOI: 10.1039/c3fo60076a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Consuming green tea or its active ingredient, epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), has been shown consistently to benefit the healthy functioning of several body systems. In the immune system specifically, accumulating evidence has revealed an immunomodulating effect of green tea/EGCG. Several types of immune cells in both the innate and adaptive immune systems are known to be affected in varying degrees by green tea/EGCG. Among them, the dramatic effect on T cell functions has been repeatedly demonstrated, including T cell activation, proliferation, differentiation, and production of cytokines. In particular, dysregulated T cell function with respect to different subsets of CD4(+) T cells is a critical pathogenic factor in the development of autoimmune inflammatory diseases. Recent studies have shown that EGCG affects the differentiation of naïve CD4(+) T cells into different effector subsets in a way that would be expected to favorably impact autoimmunity. Consistent with these findings, studies using animal models of autoimmune diseases have reported disease improvement in animals treated with green tea/EGCG. Altogether, these studies identify and support the use of EGCG as a potential therapeutic agent in preventing and ameliorating T cell-mediated autoimmune diseases. Given the paucity of information in human studies, the translational value of these findings needs to be verified in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munkyong Pae
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Section, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Wang H, Shi S, Gu X, Zhu C, Wei G, Wang H, Bao B, Fan H, Zhang W, Duan J, Wang S. Homogalacturonans from preinfused green tea: structural characterization and anticomplementary activity of their sulfated derivatives. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:10971-10980. [PMID: 24171379 DOI: 10.1021/jf401947n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Two homogeneous water-soluble polysaccharides (TPSR4-2B and TPSR4-2C) were obtained from preinfused green tea. Their average molecular weights were estimated to be 41 kDa and 28 kDa, respectively. A combination of composition, methylation, and configuration analysis, as well as NMR spectroscopy, indicated that both TPSR4-2B and TPSR4-2C were poly-(1-4)-α-d-galactopyranosyluronic acid in which 30.5 ± 0.3% and 28.3 ± 0.5%, respectively, of uronic acid existed as methyl ester. Two sulfated derivatives (Sul-R4-2B and Sul-R4-2C) from TPSR4-2B and TPSR4-2C were prepared after sulfation with a 2:1 chlorosulfonic acid-pyridine ratio. The anticomplementary assay showed that Sul-R4-2B and Sul-R4-2C demonstrated a stronger inhibitory effect on the complement activation through the classic pathway, compared to that of heparin. Preliminary mechanism studies by using complement component depleted-sera indicated that both Sul-R4-2B and Sul-R4-2C selectively interact with C1q, C1r, C1s, C2, C5, and C9 but not with C3 and C4. The relationship between DS and the anticomplementary activity of sulfated derivatives of homogalacturonans showed that low sulfated derivatives of homogalacturonans also exhibited potent anticomplementary effect, which might greatly reduce the side effects related to heparin and oversulfated chondroitin sulfate, such as anticoagulant activity and allergic-type reaction. These results suggested that sulfated derivatives of homogalacturonans might be promising drug candidates for therapeutic complement inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijun Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China
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Steinmann J, Buer J, Pietschmann T, Steinmann E. Anti-infective properties of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a component of green tea. Br J Pharmacol 2013; 168:1059-73. [PMID: 23072320 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 338] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2012] [Revised: 09/12/2012] [Accepted: 10/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The consumption of green tea (Camellia sinensis) has been shown to have many physiological and pharmacological health benefits. In the past two decades several studies have reported that epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), the main constituent of green tea, has anti-infective properties. Antiviral activities of EGCG with different modes of action have been demonstrated on diverse families of viruses, such as Retroviridae, Orthomyxoviridae and Flaviviridae and include important human pathogens like human immunodeficiency virus, influenza A virus and the hepatitis C virus. Furthermore, the molecule interferes with the replication cycle of DNA viruses like hepatitis B virus, herpes simplex virus and adenovirus. Most of these studies demonstrated antiviral properties within physiological concentrations of EGCG in vitro. In contrast, the minimum inhibitory concentrations against bacteria were 10-100-fold higher. Nevertheless, the antibacterial effects of EGCG alone and in combination with different antibiotics have been intensively analysed against a number of bacteria including multidrug-resistant strains such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus or Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Furthermore, the catechin EGCG has antifungal activity against human-pathogenic yeasts like Candida albicans. Although the mechanistic effects of EGCG are not fully understood, there are results indicating that EGCG binds to lipid membranes and affects the folic acid metabolism of bacteria and fungi by inhibiting the cytoplasmic enzyme dihydrofolate reductase. This review summarizes the current knowledge and future perspectives on the antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral effects of the green tea constituent EGCG.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Steinmann
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
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Vajdy M. Immunomodulatory properties of vitamins, flavonoids and plant oils and their potential as vaccine adjuvants and delivery systems. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2011; 11:1501-13. [PMID: 21955085 DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2011.623695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION During the past century, vaccinologists have attempted to mimic pathogens in their immune-enhancing capacity. This led to the development of life-saving vaccines based on live attenuated viruses, bacteria and toxoids. Hence, intense research in vaccine adjuvant discovery has focused on toll like receptors, mutant toxins and viral and bacterial vectors. Nutritive components such as vitamins and select polyphenols also possess immunomodulating properties without the potential toxic and adverse side effects of agents that mimic danger signals. AREAS COVERED This review pertains to immunomodulatory properties of nutritive components, that is vitamins A, C, D, E, flavonoids and plant oils, as potential vaccine adjuvants and delivery systems, covering Pubmed publication searches from 1980 through 2011. EXPERT OPINION This relatively unexplored field of the potential of nutritive components as vaccine adjuvants holds great promise to promote the development of effective and above all safe vaccines. Hence the future focus should be placed on enhancing their efficacy, mainly through novel approaches in designing structural derivatives, formulations, delivery systems and routes of administration. As safety has been the major issue in development of novel vaccines, this new approach will probably result in new discoveries in designing safe and effective vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Vajdy
- EpitoGenesis, Inc., 1810 North Broadway, Walnut Creek, CA 94596, USA.
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González R, Ballester I, López-Posadas R, Suárez MD, Zarzuelo A, Martínez-Augustin O, Sánchez de Medina F. Effects of flavonoids and other polyphenols on inflammation. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2011; 51:331-62. [PMID: 21432698 DOI: 10.1080/10408390903584094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 345] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Flavonoids are a family of polyphenolic compounds which are widespread in nature (vegetables) and are consumed as part of the human diet in significant amounts. There are other types of polyphenols, including, for example, tannins and resveratrol. Flavonoids and related polyphenolic compounds have significant antiinflammatory activity, among others. This short review summarizes the current knowledge on the effects of flavonoids and related polyphenolic compounds on inflammation, with a focus on structural requirements, the mechanisms involved, and pharmacokinetic considerations. Different molecular (cyclooxygenase, lipoxygenase) and cellular targets (macrophages, lymphocytes, epithelial cells, endothelium) have been identified. In addition, many flavonoids display significant antioxidant/radical scavenging properties. There is substantial structural variation in these compounds, which is bound to have an impact on their biological profile, and specifically on their effects on inflammatory conditions. However, in general terms there is substantial consistency in the effects of these compounds despite considerable structural variations. The mechanisms have been studied mainly in myeloid cells, where the predominant effect is an inhibition of NF-κB signaling and the downregulation of the expression of proinflammatory markers. At present there is a gap in knowledge of in vitro and in vivo effects, although the pharmacokinetics of flavonoids has advanced considerably in the last decade. Many flavonoids have been studied for their intestinal antiinflammatory activity which is only logical, since the gastrointestinal tract is naturally exposed to them. However, their potential therapeutic application in inflammation is not restricted to this organ and extends to other sites and conditions, including arthritis, asthma, encephalomyelitis, and atherosclerosis, among others.
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Affiliation(s)
- R González
- Department of Pharmacology, CIBERehd, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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Blanc N, Hauchard D, Audibert L, Ar Gall E. Radical-scavenging capacity of phenol fractions in the brown seaweed Ascophyllum nodosum: An electrochemical approach. Talanta 2011; 84:513-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2011.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2010] [Revised: 01/13/2011] [Accepted: 01/16/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Yu M, Vajdy M. A novel retinoic acid, catechin hydrate and mustard oil-based emulsion for enhanced cytokine and antibody responses against multiple strains of HIV-1 following mucosal and systemic vaccinations. Vaccine 2011; 29:2429-36. [PMID: 21272602 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2010] [Revised: 12/10/2010] [Accepted: 01/12/2011] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Non-replicating protein- or DNA-based antigens generally require immune-enhancing adjuvants and delivery systems. It has been particularly difficult to raise antibodies against gp120 of HIV-1, which constitutes an important approach in HIV vaccine design. While almost all effort in adjuvant research has focused on mimicking the pathogens and the danger signals they engender in the host, relatively little effort has been spent on nutritive approaches. In this study, a new nutritive immune-enhancing delivery system (NIDS) composed of vitamin A, a polyphenol-flavonoid, catechin hydrate, and mustard oil was tested for its adjuvant effect in immune responses against the gp120 protein of HIV-1(CN54). Following a combination of two mucosal and two systemic vaccinations of mice, we found significant enhancement of both local and systemic antibodies as well as cytokine responses. These data have important implications for vaccine and adjuvant design against HIV-1 and other pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingke Yu
- EpitoGenesis, Inc. 1810 North Broadway, Walnut Creek, CA 94596, USA
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YOSHINO K, MIYASE T, SANO M. Preventive Effects of C-2 Epimeric Isomers of Tea Catechins on Mouse Type I Allergy. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2010; 56:211-5. [DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.56.211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Monobe M, Ema K, Kato F, Maeda-Yamamoto M. Immunostimulating activity of a crude polysaccharide derived from green tea (Camellia sinensis) extract. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2008; 56:1423-1427. [PMID: 18232634 DOI: 10.1021/jf073127h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Green tea extract is well-known to reduce the risk of a variety of diseases. Here, we investigated the immunostimulating activity of tea polysaccharide (TPS), one of the main components in green tea extract. The water extracts from mature or immature tea leaves were precipitated by using ethanol at room temperature. The sediment was washed with ethanol and acetone alternately and then dried. We used the phagocytic activity of macrophage-like cells as an indicator of immune function activation. Chemical components were analyzed by HPLC. The immunostimulating activity of TPS from immature leaves extract was higher than that of TPS from mature leaves, and its activities were dependent on the content of strictinin in the leaf extract. Futhermore, a mixture of catechin and TPS that removed polyphenols did not increase the immunostimulating activity. These results suggest that the catechin-polysaccharide complex is a very important molecule in the immunomodulating activity of tea extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manami Monobe
- National Institute of Vegetable and Tea Science, NARO, Shizuoka, Japan.
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New developments in understanding and treating neuroinflammation. J Mol Med (Berl) 2008; 86:975-85. [DOI: 10.1007/s00109-007-0292-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2007] [Revised: 10/24/2007] [Accepted: 11/05/2007] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Kohda C, Yanagawa Y, Shimamura T. Epigallocatechin gallate inhibits intracellular survival of Listeria monocytogenes in macrophages. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2008; 365:310-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.10.190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2007] [Accepted: 10/27/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Abboud PA, Hake PW, Burroughs TJ, Odoms K, O'Connor M, Mangeshkar P, Wong HR, Zingarelli B. Therapeutic effect of epigallocatechin-3-gallate in a mouse model of colitis. Eur J Pharmacol 2007; 579:411-7. [PMID: 18022615 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2007.10.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2007] [Revised: 10/11/2007] [Accepted: 10/16/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a green tea catechin, has been shown to inhibit signaling pathways involved in inflammation, including nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) and activator protein-1 (AP-1), which are important inducers of pro-inflammatory mediators. Aim of our study was to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of EGCG in experimental colitis, which was induced by rectal administration of trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS) in C57/BL6 mice. Mice were treated twice daily with vehicle or with EGCG (10 mg/kg) intraperitoneally, and sacrificed on days 1, 3, and 7 after TNBS administration. After induction of colitis, vehicle-treated mice experienced bloody diarrhea and loss of body weight. A remarkable colonic damage with hemorrhage, ulcers, and edema was observed and was associated with neutrophil infiltration as evaluated by myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity. Elevated plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10 and keratinocyte-derived chemokine were also found. These events were paralleled by increased DNA binding of NF-kappaB and AP-1 in the colon of the vehicle-treated group. In contrast, the EGCG-treated mice experienced a very mild diarrhea and no weight loss. Damage of the colon was characterized by edema and hyperemia only. Tissue levels of MPO were also significantly reduced when compared to vehicle-treated mice. These beneficial effects of EGCG were associated with a significant reduction of NF-kappaB and AP-1 activation. However, treatment with EGCG did not reduce plasma cytokine levels. Our data demonstrate that EGCG may be beneficial in colitis through selective immunomodulatory effects, which may be mediated, at least in part, by inhibition of NF-kappaB and AP-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia A Abboud
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Division of Critical Care Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, USA
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Wheeler DS, Lahni PM, Hake PW, Denenberg AG, Wong HR, Snead C, Catravas JD, Zingarelli B. THE GREEN TEA POLYPHENOL EPIGALLOCATECHIN-3-GALLATE IMPROVES SYSTEMIC HEMODYNAMICS AND SURVIVAL IN RODENT MODELS OF POLYMICROBIAL SEPSIS. Shock 2007; 28:353-9. [PMID: 17545942 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0b013e3180485823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is the main polyphenolic flavonoid found in green tea. Recent in vitro studies have suggested that EGCG inhibits activation of the nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) pathway. The NF-kappaB is a transcriptional factor required for gene expression of many inflammatory mediators, including the inducible isoform of nitric oxide synthase (NOS2). Excessive NO production by NOS2 is directly linked to the vasoplegia, shock, and mortality associated with sepsis. Accordingly, we hypothesized that EGCG administration would inhibit NOS2 gene expression and thereby improve survival in a rodent model of polymicrobial sepsis. Polymicrobial sepsis was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats (hemodynamic study) and C57BL6 mice (mortality study) via cecal ligation and double puncture (CL2P). Rodents were treated with either EGCG (10 mg/kg intraperitoneally) or vehicle at 1 and 6 h after CL2P and every 12 h thereafter. In the hemodynamic study, mean arterial blood pressure was monitored for 18 h, and rats were killed at 3, 6, and 18 h after CL2P. In the mortality study, survival was monitored for 72 h after CL2P in mice. In vehicle-treated rodents, CL2P was associated with profound hypotension and greater than 80% mortality rate. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate treatment significantly improved both the hypotension and survival. In vitro experiments further showed that EGCG inhibited activation of NF-kappaB and subsequent NOS2 gene expression in a primary culture of rat aortic smooth muscle cells. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate may therefore represent a potential nutritional supplement or pharmacologic agent in patients with sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek S Wheeler
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229-3039, USA.
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Friedman M. Overview of antibacterial, antitoxin, antiviral, and antifungal activities of tea flavonoids and teas. Mol Nutr Food Res 2007; 51:116-34. [PMID: 17195249 PMCID: PMC7168386 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.200600173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 382] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2006] [Revised: 10/20/2006] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Tea leaves produce organic compounds that may be involved in the defense of the plants against invading pathogens including insects, bacteria, fungi, and viruses. These metabolites include polyphenolic compounds, the six so-called catechins, and the methyl-xanthine alkaloids caffeine, theobromine, and theophylline. Postharvest inactivation of phenol oxidases in green tea leaves prevents oxidation of the catechins, whereas postharvest enzyme-catalyzed oxidation (fermentation) of catechins in tea leaves results in the formation of four theaflavins as well as polymeric thearubigins. These substances impart the black color to black teas. Black and partly fermented oolong teas contain both classes of phenolic compounds. A need exists to develop a better understanding of the roles of polyphenolic tea compounds in food and medical microbiology. This overview surveys and interprets our present knowledge of activities of tea flavonoids and teas against foodborne and other pathogenic bacteria, virulent protein toxins produced by some of the bacteria, virulent bacteriophages, pathogenic viruses and fungi. Also covered are synergistic, mechanistic, and bioavailability aspects of the antimicrobial effects. Further research is suggested for each of these categories. The herein described findings are not only of fundamental interest, but also have practical implications for nutrition, food safety, and animal and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mendel Friedman
- Western Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Albany, CA, USA.
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Shin HY, Kim SH, Jeong HJ, Kim SY, Shin TY, Um JY, Hong SH, Kim HM. Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate Inhibits Secretion of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-8 through the Attenuation of ERK and NF-κB in HMC-1 Cells. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2006; 142:335-44. [PMID: 17135765 DOI: 10.1159/000097503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2006] [Accepted: 10/05/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is a major form of tea catechin and has a variety of biological activities. In the present study, we investigated the effect of EGCG on the secretion of TNF-alpha, IL-6 and IL-8, as well as its possible mechanism of action by using the human mast cell line (HMC-1). METHODS EGCG was treated before the activation of HMC-1 cells with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) plus calcium ionophore (A23187). To investigate the effect of EGCG on PMA+A23187-stimulated HMC-1 cells, ELISA, Western blot analysis, electrophorectic mobility shift assay and luciferase assay were used in this study. RESULTS EGCG (100 microM) inhibited PMA+A23187-induced TNF-alpha, IL-6 and IL-8 expression and production. EGCG inhibited the intracellular Ca(2+) level. EGCG attenuated PMA+A23187-induced NF-kappaB and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2) activation, but not that of c-Jun N-terminal kinase or p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase. CONCLUSION EGCG inhibited the production of TNF-alpha, IL-6 and IL-8 through the inhibition of the intracellular Ca(2+) level, and of ERK1/2 and NF-kappaB activation. These results indicate that EGCG may be helpful in regulating mast-cell-mediated allergic inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Young Shin
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Oriental Medicine, Institute of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Dongdaemun-Gu, Seoul, South Korea
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Okamoto M, Leung KP, Ansai T, Sugimoto A, Maeda N. Inhibitory effects of green tea catechins on protein tyrosine phosphatase in Prevotella intermedia. ORAL MICROBIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY 2003; 18:192-5. [PMID: 12753472 DOI: 10.1034/j.1399-302x.2003.00056.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Members of the Prevotella intermedia group possess protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTPase). The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of catechin derivatives from Japanese green tea on the activity of PTPase in P. intermedia and related organisms. Multilocus enzyme electrophoresis of alkaline phosphatase derived from P. intermedia, Prevotella nigrescens, Prevotella pallens and Porphyromonas gingivalis revealed a species-specific migration pattern. Among the tea catechin derivatives tested, (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCg), similar to orthovanadate, a specific inhibitor for PTPase, was effective in inhibiting the PTPase activity in P. intermedia at 0.5 microm, and related species at 5 microm. The results suggested that the inhibitory effect observed is due to the presence of galloyl moiety in the structure. In contrast, neither the green tea catechins nor orthovanadate inhibited the phosphatase activity in P. gingivalis, suggesting that this organism possessed a different family of alkaline phosphatase.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Okamoto
- Department of Oral Bacteriology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
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Ceregrzyn M, Kuwahara A. The effect of epigallocatechin gallate on intestinal motility in mice. Environ Health Prev Med 2003; 8:47-51. [PMID: 21432088 DOI: 10.1007/bf02897926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2002] [Accepted: 01/31/2003] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCg) that is present in human diet originates mainly from tea leaves. Catechins have a number of possible application as medicines, however, there is no consistent evidence showing their influence on the gastrointestinal tract. Thus, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of EGCg on the motility of the murine isolated intestine. METHODS Segments of jejunum submerged in Krebs buffer were exposed to EGCg and the response was recorded under isometric conditions. RESULTS EGCg induced a dose-dependent inhibition of spontaneous activity in the jejunum. EGCg induced a decrease in the amplitude and frequency of jejunal contractions. moreover, the rythmicity of spontaneous, activity was altered in the presence of EGCg. A significant effect of EGCg was observed in the presence of 10(-4) M. The effect of EGCg was in part inhibited by pretreatment with methylene blue (guanylate cyclase inhibitor), while tetrodotoxin, (sodium channel blocker), L-nitro arginine methyl ester (nitric oxide synthase inhibitor), and N-ethylmaleimide (adenylate cyclase inhibitor) showed no effect. CONCLUSIONS The results of the present study suggest that EGCg inhibits the motility of the jejunum by direct action on smooth muscle cells where a guanylate cyclase-dependent mechanism may be partly involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Ceregrzyn
- Laboratory of Physiology, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, 422-8526, Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan,
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Matsunaga K, Klein TW, Friedman H, Yamamoto Y. Epigallocatechin gallate, a potential immunomodulatory agent of tea components, diminishes cigarette smoke condensate-induced suppression of anti-Legionella pneumophila activity and cytokine responses of alveolar macrophages. CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY 2002; 9:864-71. [PMID: 12093687 PMCID: PMC120017 DOI: 10.1128/cdli.9.4.864-871.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2002] [Revised: 03/11/2002] [Accepted: 04/03/2002] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Even though cigarette smoking has been shown to suppress immune responses in the lungs, little is known about the effect of cigarette smoke components on respiratory infections. In the present study, the effects of cigarette smoke condensate (CSC) on bacterial replication in alveolar macrophages and the immune responses of macrophages to infection were examined. Furthermore, a possible immunotherapeutic effect of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCg), a major form of tea catechins, on the CSC-induced suppression of antimicrobial activity and immune responses of alveolar macrophages was also determined. The treatment of murine alveolar macrophage cell line (MH-S) cells with CSC significantly enhanced the replication of Legionella pneumophila in macrophages and selectively down-regulated the production of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) induced by bacterial infection. The treatment of macrophages with EGCg not only overcame the CSC-induced suppression of antimicrobial activity but also strengthened the resistance of macrophages to infection. EGCg also markedly up-regulated the CSC-suppressed IL-6 and TNF-alpha production by macrophages in response to infection. The results of exogenous TNF-alpha treatment and neutralization treatment with anti-TNF-alpha and anti-gamma-interferon (IFN-gamma) antibodies and the determination of IFN-gamma mRNA levels indicate that CSC-suppressed macrophages can be activated by EGCg to inhibit L. pneumophila growth by up-regulation of TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma production. Thus, this study revealed that CSC selectively alters the immune responses of macrophages to L. pneumophila infection and leads to an enhancement of bacterial replication in macrophages. In addition, the tea catechin EGCg can diminish such suppressive effects of CSC on alveolar macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuto Matsunaga
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida 33612-4799, USA
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Matsunaga K, Klein TW, Friedman H, Yamamoto Y. Involvement of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in suppression of antimicrobial activity and cytokine responses of alveolar macrophages to Legionella pneumophila infection by nicotine. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2001; 167:6518-24. [PMID: 11714820 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.167.11.6518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Although nicotine is thought to be one of the major immunomodulatory components of cigarette smoking, how nicotine alters the host defense of the lung and, in particular, immune responses of alveolar macrophages, which are critical effector cells in the lung defense to infection, is poorly understood. Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are the receptor for nicotine and may be involved in the modulation of macrophage function by nicotine. In this study, therefore, nicotine-induced suppression of antimicrobial activity and cytokine responses of alveolar macrophages mediated by nAChRs to Legionella pneumophila, a causative agent for pneumonia, were examined. The murine MH-S alveolar macrophage cell line cells expressed the messages for alpha4 and beta2 subunits of nAChRs, but not alpha7 subunits, determined by RT-PCR. The nicotine treatment of MH-S alveolar macrophages after infection with L. pneumophila significantly enhanced the replication of bacteria in the macrophages and selectively down-regulated the production of IL-6, IL-12, and TNF-alpha, but not IL-10, induced by infection. These effects were completely blocked by a nonselective antagonist, d-tubocurarine, for nAChRs, but not by a selective antagonist, alpha-bungarotoxin, for alpha7-nAChRs. Furthermore, the stimulation of nAChRs with another agonist, 1,1-dimethyl-4-phenylpiperazinium iodide, showed the same effects, which were blocked by the antagonist d-tubocurarine, on the bacterial replication and cytokine regulation with that of nicotine. Thus, the results revealed that nAChRs, the major exogenous ligands of which are nicotine, are involved in the regulation of macrophage immune function by nicotine and may contribute to the cigarette-induced risk factors for respiratory infections in smokers.
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MESH Headings
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/metabolism
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/pharmacology
- Animals
- Anti-Bacterial Agents/antagonists & inhibitors
- Bungarotoxins/pharmacology
- Cell Line
- Cell Survival/drug effects
- Cell Survival/immunology
- Cells, Cultured
- Cytokines/antagonists & inhibitors
- Cytokines/biosynthesis
- Dimethylphenylpiperazinium Iodide/pharmacology
- Legionella pneumophila/drug effects
- Legionella pneumophila/growth & development
- Legionella pneumophila/immunology
- Macrophages, Alveolar/drug effects
- Macrophages, Alveolar/immunology
- Macrophages, Alveolar/metabolism
- Macrophages, Alveolar/microbiology
- Mice
- Nicotine/metabolism
- Nicotine/pharmacology
- Nicotinic Agonists/pharmacology
- Nicotinic Antagonists/pharmacology
- RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Nicotinic/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Nicotinic/genetics
- Receptors, Nicotinic/physiology
- Tubocurarine/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- K Matsunaga
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
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