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De SL, May S, Shah K, Slawinski M, Changrob S, Xu S, Barnes SJ, Chootong P, Ntumngia FB, Adams JH. Variable immunogenicity of a vivax malaria blood-stage vaccine candidate. Vaccine 2021; 39:2668-2675. [PMID: 33840564 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.03.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Relapsing malaria caused by Plasmodium vivax is a neglected tropical disease and an important cause of malaria worldwide. Vaccines to prevent clinical disease and mosquito transmission of vivax malaria are needed to overcome the distinct challenges of this important public health problem. In this vaccine immunogenicity study in mice, we examined key variables of responses to a P. vivax Duffy binding protein vaccine, a leading candidate to prevent the disease-causing blood-stages. Significant sex-dependent differences were observed in B cell (CD80+) and T cell (CD8+) central memory subsets, resulting in significant differences in functional immunogenicity and durability of anti-DBP protective efficacy. These significant sex-dependent differences in inbred mice were in the CD73+CD80+ memory B cell, H2KhiCD38hi/lo, and effector memory subsets. This study highlights sex and immune genes as critical variables that can impact host responses to P. vivax antigens and must be taken into consideration when designing clinical vaccine studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Lata De
- Center for Global Health and Infectious Diseases Research, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, 3720 Spectrum Blvd, Tampa, FL 33612, United States
| | - Samuel May
- Center for Global Health and Infectious Diseases Research, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, 3720 Spectrum Blvd, Tampa, FL 33612, United States
| | - Keshav Shah
- Center for Global Health and Infectious Diseases Research, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, 3720 Spectrum Blvd, Tampa, FL 33612, United States
| | - Michelle Slawinski
- Center for Global Health and Infectious Diseases Research, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, 3720 Spectrum Blvd, Tampa, FL 33612, United States
| | - Siriruk Changrob
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Shulin Xu
- Center for Global Health and Infectious Diseases Research, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, 3720 Spectrum Blvd, Tampa, FL 33612, United States
| | - Samantha J Barnes
- Center for Global Health and Infectious Diseases Research, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, 3720 Spectrum Blvd, Tampa, FL 33612, United States
| | - Patchanee Chootong
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Francis B Ntumngia
- Center for Global Health and Infectious Diseases Research, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, 3720 Spectrum Blvd, Tampa, FL 33612, United States.
| | - John H Adams
- Center for Global Health and Infectious Diseases Research, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, 3720 Spectrum Blvd, Tampa, FL 33612, United States.
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Cherif MS, Shuaibu MN, Kodama Y, Kurosaki T, Helegbe GK, Kikuchi M, Ichinose A, Yanagi T, Sasaki H, Yui K, Tien NH, Karbwang J, Hirayama K. Nanoparticle formulation enhanced protective immunity provoked by PYGPI8p-transamidase related protein (PyTAM) DNA vaccine in Plasmodium yoelii malaria model. Vaccine 2014; 32:1998-2006. [PMID: 24440206 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Revised: 11/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
We have previously reported the new formulation of polyethylimine (PEI) with gamma polyglutamic acid (γ-PGA) nanoparticle (NP) to have provided Plasmodium yoelii merozoite surface protein-1 (PyMSP-1) plasmid DNA vaccine with enhanced protective cellular and humoral immunity in the lethal mouse malaria model. PyGPI8p-transamidase-related protein (PyTAM) was selected as a possible candidate vaccine antigen by using DNA vaccination screening from 29 GPI anchor and signal sequence motif positive genes picked up using web-based bioinformatics tools; though the observed protection was not complete. Here, we observed augmented protective effect of PyTAM DNA vaccine by using PEI and γ-PGA complex as delivery system. NP-coated PyTAM plasmid DNA immunized mice showed a significant survival rate from lethal P. yoelii challenge infection compared with naked PyTAM plasmid or with NP-coated empty plasmid DNA group. Antigen-specific IgG1 and IgG2b subclass antibody levels, proportion of CD4 and CD8T cells producing IFN-γ in the splenocytes and IL-4, IFN-γ, IL-12 and TNF-α levels in the sera and in the supernatants from ex vivo splenocytes culture were all enhanced by the NP-coated PyTAM DNA vaccine. These data indicates that NP augments PyTAM protective immune response, and this enhancement was associated with increased DC activation and concomitant IL-12 production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahamoud Sama Cherif
- Department of Immunogenetics, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, Japan; Global COE Program, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, Japan; Institut National de Santé Publique, Université de Conakry, Guinea
| | - Mohammed Nasir Shuaibu
- Department of Immunogenetics, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, Japan; Global COE Program, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, Japan
| | | | | | - Gideon Kofi Helegbe
- Department of Immunogenetics, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, Japan
| | - Mihoko Kikuchi
- Department of Immunogenetics, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, Japan
| | - Akitoyo Ichinose
- Electron Microscopy Central Laboratory, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Yanagi
- Animal Research Center for Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Sasaki
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Nagasaki University, Japan; Global COE Program, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, Japan
| | - Katsuyuki Yui
- Division of Immunology, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Japan
| | - Nguyen Huy Tien
- Department of Product Development, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Juntra Karbwang
- Department of Product Development, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kenji Hirayama
- Department of Immunogenetics, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, Japan; Global COE Program, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, Japan.
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Wilson DW, Fowkes FJI, Gilson PR, Elliott SR, Tavul L, Michon P, Dabod E, Siba PM, Mueller I, Crabb BS, Beeson JG. Quantifying the importance of MSP1-19 as a target of growth-inhibitory and protective antibodies against Plasmodium falciparum in humans. PLoS One 2011; 6:e27705. [PMID: 22110733 PMCID: PMC3217002 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0027705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2011] [Accepted: 10/23/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Antibodies targeting blood stage antigens are important in protection against malaria, but the key targets and mechanisms of immunity are not well understood. Merozoite surface protein 1 (MSP1) is an abundant and essential protein. The C-terminal 19 kDa region (MSP1-19) is regarded as a promising vaccine candidate and may also be an important target of immunity. Methodology/Findings Growth inhibitory antibodies against asexual-stage parasites and IgG to recombinant MSP1-19 were measured in plasma samples from a longitudinal cohort of 206 children in Papua New Guinea. Differential inhibition by samples of mutant P. falciparum lines that expressed either the P. falciparum or P. chabaudi form of MSP1-19 were used to quantify MSP1-19 specific growth-inhibitory antibodies. The great majority of children had detectable IgG to MSP1-19, and high levels of IgG were significantly associated with a reduced risk of symptomatic P. falciparum malaria during the 6-month follow-up period. However, there was little evidence of PfMSP1-19 specific growth inhibition by plasma samples from children. Similar results were found when testing non-dialysed or dialysed plasma, or purified antibodies, or when measuring growth inhibition in flow cytometry or microscopy-based assays. Rabbit antisera generated by immunization with recombinant MSP1-19 demonstrated strong MSP1-19 specific growth-inhibitory activity, which appeared to be due to much higher antibody levels than human samples; antibody avidity was similar between rabbit antisera and human plasma. Conclusions/Significance These data suggest that MSP1-19 is not a major target of growth inhibitory antibodies and that the protective effects of antibodies to MSP1-19 are not due to growth inhibitory activity, but may instead be mediated by other mechanisms. Alternatively, antibodies to MSP1-19 may act as a marker of protective immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danny W. Wilson
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
- University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Freya J. I. Fowkes
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
- Macfarlane Burnet Institute for Medical Research and Public Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Paul R. Gilson
- Macfarlane Burnet Institute for Medical Research and Public Health, Melbourne, Australia
- Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Salenna R. Elliott
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
- Macfarlane Burnet Institute for Medical Research and Public Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Livingstone Tavul
- Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research (PNGIMR), Goroka, Papua New Guinea
| | - Pascal Michon
- Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research (PNGIMR), Goroka, Papua New Guinea
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Divine Word University, Madang, Papua New Guinea
| | - Elija Dabod
- Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research (PNGIMR), Goroka, Papua New Guinea
| | - Peter M. Siba
- Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research (PNGIMR), Goroka, Papua New Guinea
| | - Ivo Mueller
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
- Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research (PNGIMR), Goroka, Papua New Guinea
- Barcelona Centre for International Health Research (CRESIB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Brendan S. Crabb
- University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Macfarlane Burnet Institute for Medical Research and Public Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - James G. Beeson
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
- Macfarlane Burnet Institute for Medical Research and Public Health, Melbourne, Australia
- * E-mail:
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Baculovirus-based nasal drop vaccine confers complete protection against malaria by natural boosting of vaccine-induced antibodies in mice. Infect Immun 2009; 78:595-602. [PMID: 19901059 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00877-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood-stage malaria parasites ablate memory B cells generated by vaccination in mice, resulting in diminishing natural boosting of vaccine-induced antibody responses to infection. Here we show the development of a new vaccine comprising a baculovirus-based Plasmodium yoelii 19-kDa carboxyl terminus of merozoite surface protein 1 (PyMSP1(19)) capable of circumventing the tactics of parasites in a murine model. The baculovirus-based vaccine displayed PyMSP1(19) on the surface of the virus envelope in its native three-dimensional structure. Needle-free intranasal immunization of mice with the baculovirus-based vaccine induced strong systemic humoral immune responses with high titers of PyMSP1(19)-specific antibodies. Most importantly, this vaccine conferred complete protection by natural boosting of vaccine-induced PyMSP1(19)-specific antibody responses shortly after challenge. The protective mechanism is a mixed Th1/Th2-type immunity, which is associated with the Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9)-dependent pathway. The present study offers a novel strategy for the development of malaria blood-stage vaccines capable of naturally boosting vaccine-induced antibody responses to infection.
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5
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Woodberry T, Minigo G, Piera KA, Hanley JC, de Silva HD, Salwati E, Kenangalem E, Tjitra E, Coppel RL, Price RN, Anstey NM, Plebanski M. Antibodies to Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax merozoite surface protein 5 in Indonesia: species-specific and cross-reactive responses. J Infect Dis 2008; 198:134-42. [PMID: 18471084 PMCID: PMC6485435 DOI: 10.1086/588711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Merozoite surface protein (MSP) 5 is a candidate antigen for a malaria vaccine. In cross-sectional and longitudinal studies, we measured MSP5 antibody responses in Papuans with acute Plasmodium falciparum malaria, Plasmodium vivax malaria, and mixed P. falciparum and P. vivax malaria and in those with past exposure. METHODS Enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA) was used to quantitate antibody responses to P. falciparum MSP5 (PfMSP5) and P. vivax MSP5 (PvMSP5) in 82 subjects with P. falciparum infection, 86 subjects with P. vivax infection, 85 subjects with mixed infection, and 87 asymptomatic individuals. Longitudinal responses through day 28 were tested in 20 persons. Cross-reactivity was tested by competition ELISA. RESULTS PfMSP5 or PvMSP5 immunoglobulin (Ig)Gwas detected in 39%-52% of subjects, and IgM was detected in 44%-72%. IgG responses were distributed equally between IgG3 and IgG1 for PfMSP5 but were predominantly IgG3 for PvMSP5. Although IgG responses were generally specific for PfMSP5 or PvMSP5, cross-species reactivity was found in 7 of 107 dual-positive responders. No significant difference was seen in the magnitude, frequency, or subclass of PfMSP5 or PvMSP5 IgG antibodies between groups. There was no significant association between antibody responses and therapeutic response. CONCLUSION PfMSP5 and PvMSP5 were frequently recognized by short-lived, species-specific antibodies. Although infrequent, the cross-reactive MSP5 antibodies indicate that an appropriately formulated vaccine may elicit and/or enhance cross-species recognition, which may be very useful in areas where both parasites are endemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonia Woodberry
- International Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin
| | - Gabriela Minigo
- Department of Immunology, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kim A. Piera
- International Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin
| | | | | | - Ervi Salwati
- National Institute of Health Research and Development (NIHRD), Ministry of Health, Jakarta
| | - Enny Kenangalem
- NIHRD–Menzies Research Program and District Health Authority, Timika, Papua, Indonesia
| | - Emiliana Tjitra
- National Institute of Health Research and Development (NIHRD), Ministry of Health, Jakarta
| | - Ross L. Coppel
- Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ric N. Price
- International Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin
- Centre for Vaccinology and Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas M. Anstey
- International Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin
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Jeamwattanalert P, Mahakunkijcharoen Y, Kittigul L, Mahannop P, Pichyangkul S, Hirunpetcharat C. Long-lasting protective immune response to the 19-kilodalton carboxy-terminal fragment of Plasmodium yoelii merozoite surface protein 1 in mice. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2007; 14:342-7. [PMID: 17314232 PMCID: PMC1865617 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00397-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Merozoite surface protein 1 (MSP1) is the major protein on the surface of the plasmodial merozoite, and its carboxy terminus, the 19-kDa fragment (MSP1(19)), is highly conserved and effective in induction of a protective immune response against malaria parasite infection in mice and monkeys. However, the duration of the immune response has not been elucidated. As such, we immunized BALB/c mice with a standard four-dose injection of recombinant Plasmodium yoelii MSP1(19) formulated with Montanide ISA51 and CpG oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) and monitored the MSP1(19)-specific antibody levels for up to 12 months. The antibody titers persisted constantly over the period of time without significant waning, in contrast to the antibody levels induced by immunization with Freund's adjuvant, where the antibody levels gradually declined to significantly lower levels 12 months after immunization. Investigation of immunoglobulin G (IgG) subclass longevity revealed that only the IgG1 antibody level (Th2 type-driven response) decreased significantly by 6 months, while the IgG2a antibody level (Th1 type-driven response) did not change over the 12 months after immunization, but the boosting effect was seen in the IgG1 antibody responses but not in the IgG2a antibody responses. After challenge infection, all immunized mice survived with negligibly patent parasitemia. These findings suggest that protective immune responses to MSP1(19) following immunization using oil-based Montanide ISA51 and CpG ODN as an adjuvant are very long-lasting and encourage clinical trials for malaria vaccine development.
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Nagata M, Wong T, Clements D, Hui G. Plasmodium falciparum: immunization with MSP1-42 induced non-inhibitory antibodies that have no blocking activities but enhanced the potency of inhibitory anti-MSP1-42 antibodies. Exp Parasitol 2006; 115:403-8. [PMID: 17118357 PMCID: PMC1857355 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2006.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2006] [Revised: 10/10/2006] [Accepted: 10/12/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Hyperimmunization with Plasmodium falciparum MSP1-42 could induce antibodies that have little or no parasite growth inhibitory activities. These antisera had no blocking activities as determined by their ability to interfere with the in vitro activities of growth inhibitory anti-MSP1-42 sera. Equally important, they enhanced the potency of growth inhibitory anti-MSP1-42 sera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Nagata
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa
| | | | | | - George Hui
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa
- * Corresponding Author: George Hui, Department of Tropical Medicine and Pharmacology, John A Burns School of Medicine, BioSciences Building, Rm 320K, 651 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI 96813, Phone: (808)-692-1609, Fax: (808)-692-1979, E-mail:
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Hui G, Hashimoto C. Plasmodium falciparum anti-MSP1-19 antibodies induced by MSP1-42 and MSP1-19 based vaccines differed in specificity and parasite growth inhibition in terms of recognition of conserved versus variant epitopes. Vaccine 2006; 25:948-56. [PMID: 17023096 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2006.08.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2006] [Revised: 08/18/2006] [Accepted: 08/28/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The C-terminal 42 kDa fragment (MSP1-42) and its smaller 19 kDa subfragment (MSP1-19) of the Plasmodium falciparum merozoite surface protein, MSP1, are leading candidate malaria vaccines. Since the targets of protective immunity lie within the MSP1-19, we compared the anti-MSP1-19 antibodies induced by vaccination with recombinant MSP1-42 and MSP1-19. The specificities of the antibody responses were analyzed using five recombinant MSP1-19s expressing different naturally occurring variant amino acid residues. We observed dramatic differences in the specificities of the anti-MSP1-19 antibodies induced by the two vaccines. MSP1-42 consistently induced crossreactive antibodies; whereas the antibodies induced by recombinant MSP1-19 were highly variable among animals in terms of recognition of conserved versus variant epitopes. Of the variant residues examined, only a subset significantly contributed as part of immunogenic B epitopes. MSP1-42 consistently induced potent growth inhibitory antibodies that recognized conserved epitopes, leading to efficient inhibition of heterologous parasites. In contrast, MSP1-19 induced strong inhibitory antibody responses in only a subset of animals studied. In some of the MSP1-19 immunized animals, inhibition of homologous parasites may be due to recognition of inhibitory epitopes associated with the homologous variant residues, and the induction of antibodies to conserved inhibitory epitopes may not be efficiently achieved. These data suggest an advantage of using MSP1-42 over MSP1-19 based vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Hui
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, United States.
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Yuen D, Leung WH, Cheung R, Hashimoto C, Ng SF, Ho W, Hui G. Antigenicity and immunogenicity of the N-terminal 33-kDa processing fragment of the Plasmodium falciparum merozoite surface protein 1, MSP1: implications for vaccine development. Vaccine 2006; 25:490-9. [PMID: 16949181 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2006.07.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2006] [Revised: 07/14/2006] [Accepted: 07/25/2006] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The Plasmodium falciparum merozoite surface protein 1 (MSP1), MSP1-42 and MSP1-19 are protective malaria vaccines. MSP1-42 is cleaved to form MSP1-33 and MSP1-19. The role of MSP1-33 in immunity is unclear. We investigated the antibody responses to MSP1-33; and to MSP1-33Trunc, in which major conserved sequences were excised. While anti-MSP1-33 antibodies were subdominant in the anti-MSP1-42 responses, immunizations with MSP1-33 or MSP1-33Trunc induced high levels of antibodies reactive with MSP1-42 or whole merozoites. Anti-MSP1-33 and anti-MSP1-33Tunc antibodies crossreacted with both allelic forms of MSP1-42. Anti-MSP1-33 sera were ineffective in inhibiting parasite growth in vitro; but they significantly enhanced the activities of sub-optimal concentrations of the inhibitory anti-MSP1-42 sera. Thus, immunization strategies with MSP1-based vaccines may benefit from co-induction of anti-MSP1-33 responses to enhance efficacy and potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Don Yuen
- Department of Biochemistry, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
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Dutta S, Kaushal DC, Ware LA, Puri SK, Kaushal NA, Narula A, Upadhyaya DS, Lanar DE. Merozoite surface protein 1 of Plasmodium vivax induces a protective response against Plasmodium cynomolgi challenge in rhesus monkeys. Infect Immun 2005; 73:5936-44. [PMID: 16113314 PMCID: PMC1231099 DOI: 10.1128/iai.73.9.5936-5944.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The 42-kDa fragment of the merozoite surface protein 1 (MSP-1(42)) is a leading candidate for the development of a vaccine to control malaria. We previously reported a method for the production of Plasmodium vivax MSP-1(42) (PvMSP-1(42)) as a soluble protein (S. Dutta, L. W. Ware, A. Barbosa, C. F. Ockenhouse, and D. E. Lanar, Infect. Immun. 69:5464-5470, 2001). We report here a process to manufacture the same PvMSP-1(42) protein but as an insoluble inclusion body-derived protein which was then refolded in vitro. We compared the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of the soluble and refolded forms of PvMSP-1(42) protein by using a heterologous but closely related P. cynomolgi-rhesus monkey challenge model. As comparative controls we also expressed, purified, and immunized rhesus with the soluble and refolded forms of the P. cynomolgi MSP-1(42) (PcMSP-1(42)) proteins. All proteins induced equally high-titer, cross-reacting antibodies. Upon challenge with P. cynomolgi, none of the MSP-1(42)-vaccinated groups demonstrated sterile protection or a delay in the prepatent period. However, following an initial rise in parasitemia, all MSP-1-vaccinated animals had significantly lower parasite burdens as indicated by lower cumulative parasitemia, lower peak parasitemia, lower secondary peak parasitemia, and lower average daily parasitemia compared to the adjuvant control group (P < 0.05). Except the soluble PcMSP-1(42) group, monkeys in all other groups had fewer numbers of days with parasitemia of >10,000 parasites mm(-3). Interestingly, there was no significant difference in the level of partial protection observed in the homologous and heterologous groups in this challenge model. The soluble and refolded forms of PcMSP-1(42) and PvMSP-1(42) proteins also appeared to have a similar partially protective effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheetij Dutta
- Department of Immunology, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
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Singh S, Kennedy MC, Long CA, Saul AJ, Miller LH, Stowers AW. Biochemical and immunological characterization of bacterially expressed and refolded Plasmodium falciparum 42-kilodalton C-terminal merozoite surface protein 1. Infect Immun 2004; 71:6766-74. [PMID: 14638762 PMCID: PMC308882 DOI: 10.1128/iai.71.12.6766-6774.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Protection against Plasmodium falciparum can be induced by vaccination in animal models with merozoite surface protein 1 (MSP1), which makes this protein an attractive vaccine candidate for malaria. In an attempt to produce a product that is easily scaleable and inexpensive, we expressed the C-terminal 42 kDa of MSP1 (MSP1(42)) in Escherichia coli, refolded the protein to its native form from insoluble inclusion bodies, and tested its ability to elicit antibodies with in vitro and in vivo activities. Biochemical, biophysical, and immunological characterization confirmed that refolded E. coli MSP1(42) was homogeneous and highly immunogenic. In a formulation suitable for human use, rabbit antibodies were raised against refolded E. coli MSP1(42) and tested in vitro in a P. falciparum growth invasion assay. The antibodies inhibited the growth of parasites expressing either homologous or heterologous forms of P. falciparum MSP1(42). However, the inhibitory activity was primarily a consequence of antibodies directed against the C- terminal 19 kDa of MSP1 (MSP1(19)). Vaccination of nonhuman primates with E. coli MSP1(42) in Freund's adjuvant protected six of seven Aotus monkeys from virulent infection with P. falciparum. The protection correlated with antibody-dependent mechanisms. Thus, this new construct, E. coli MSP1(42), is a viable candidate for human vaccine trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Singh
- Malaria Vaccine Development Unit, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20852, USA.
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Stanisic DI, Martin LB, Liu XQ, Jackson D, Cooper J, Good MF. Analysis of immunological nonresponsiveness to the 19-kilodalton fragment of merozoite surface Protein 1 of Plasmodium yoelii: rescue by chemical conjugation to diphtheria toxoid (DT) and enhancement of immunogenicity by prior DT vaccination. Infect Immun 2003; 71:5700-13. [PMID: 14500491 PMCID: PMC201061 DOI: 10.1128/iai.71.10.5700-5713.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The Plasmodium merozoite surface protein 1 (MSP1) is a leading vaccine candidate for protecting against the blood stage of malaria. Previous studies have shown that the 19-kDa carboxyl terminus of this protein is able to induce protective immunity in some monkey and mouse strains. We show that immunization with the recombinant Plasmodium yoelii 19-kDa fragment of MSP1 (MSP1(19)) expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (yMSP1(19)) can induce protective antibodies in several inbred mouse strains and one outbred mouse strain. However, mice expressing the H-2(s) major histocompatibility complex haplotype are unable to generate yMSP1(19)-specific antibodies. While synthetic peptides derived from MSP1(19) are immunogenic in B10.S mice, they cannot function as helper epitopes, and immunization with yMSP1(19) does not induce T cells that recognize the recombinant protein or synthetic peptides corresponding to its sequence. Nonresponsiveness could be overcome by using chemical linkers to conjugate yMSP1(19) to diphtheria toxoid (DT), resulting in immunogens capable of inducing protective yMSP1(19)-specific antibodies in both MSP1(19)-responsive and otherwise nonresponsive mouse strains. The ability of sera from mice immunized with the conjugate to inhibit binding of a protective monoclonal antibody (MAb 302) to yMSP1(19) correlated strongly with a delay in the prepatent period. Chemical conjugation of yMSP1(19) to DT may be a preferred method to enhance immunogenicity, as carrier priming experiments demonstrated that an existing immune response to DT enhanced a subsequent antibody response to yMSP1(19) after vaccination with yMSP1(19)-DT. These results have important implications for the development of a malaria vaccine to protect a population with diverse HLAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle I Stanisic
- The Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Royal Brisbane Hospital, Brisbane 4029, Australia
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Rainczuk A, Scorza T, Smooker PM, Spithill TW. Induction of specific T-cell responses, opsonizing antibodies, and protection against Plasmodium chabaudi adami infection in mice vaccinated with genomic expression libraries expressed in targeted and secretory DNA vectors. Infect Immun 2003; 71:4506-15. [PMID: 12874330 PMCID: PMC166036 DOI: 10.1128/iai.71.8.4506-4515.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been proposed that a multivalent malaria vaccine is necessary to mimic the naturally acquired resistance to this disease observed in humans. A major experimental challenge is to identify the optimal components to be used in such a multivalent vaccine. Expression library immunization (ELI) is a method for screening genomes of a pathogen to identify novel combinations of vaccine sequences. Here we describe immune responses associated with, and the protective efficacy of, genomic Plasmodium chabaudi adami DS expression libraries constructed in VR1020 (secretory), monocyte chemotactic protein-3 (chemoattractant), and cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (lymph node-targeting) DNA vaccine vectors. With splenocytes from vaccinated mice, specific T-cell responses, as well as gamma interferon and interleukin-4 production, were observed after stimulation with P. chabaudi adami-infected erythrocytes, demonstrating the specificity of genomic library vaccination for two of the three libraries constructed. Sera obtained from mice vaccinated with genomic libraries promoted the opsonization of P. chabaudi adami-infected erythrocytes by murine macrophages in vitro, further demonstrating the induction of malaria-specific immune responses following ELI. Over three vaccine trials using biolistic delivery of the three libraries, protection after lethal challenge with P. chabaudi adami DS ranged from 33 to 50%. These results show that protective epitopes or antigens are expressed within the libraries and that ELI induces responses specific to P. chabaudi adami malaria. This study further demonstrates that ELI is a suitable approach for screening the malaria genome to identify the components of multivalent vaccines.
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MESH Headings
- Abatacept
- Animals
- Antibodies, Protozoan/biosynthesis
- Antigens, CD
- Antigens, Differentiation/genetics
- Antigens, Protozoan/genetics
- Base Sequence
- CTLA-4 Antigen
- Chemokine CCL7
- Cytokines
- DNA, Protozoan/genetics
- Female
- Gene Library
- Genetic Vectors
- Genome, Protozoan
- Humans
- Immunity, Cellular
- Immunoconjugates
- In Vitro Techniques
- Macrophages/immunology
- Malaria/immunology
- Malaria/prevention & control
- Malaria Vaccines/genetics
- Malaria Vaccines/pharmacology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Monocyte Chemoattractant Proteins/genetics
- Opsonin Proteins/biosynthesis
- Phagocytosis
- Plasmodium chabaudi/genetics
- Plasmodium chabaudi/immunology
- Plasmodium chabaudi/pathogenicity
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Vaccines, DNA/genetics
- Vaccines, DNA/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- A Rainczuk
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
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