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Corrales D, Alcántara C, Zúñiga M, Monedero V. Ppx1 putative exopolyphosphatase is essential for polyphosphate accumulation in Lacticaseibacillus paracasei. Appl Environ Microbiol 2024; 90:e0229023. [PMID: 38619267 PMCID: PMC11107151 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02290-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The linear polymer polyphosphate (poly-P) is present across all three domains of life and serves diverse physiological functions. The enzyme polyphosphate kinase (Ppk) is responsible for poly-P synthesis, whereas poly-P degradation is carried out by the enzyme exopolyphosphatase (Ppx). In many Lactobacillaceae, the Ppk-encoding gene (ppk) is found clustered together with two genes encoding putative exopolyphosphatases (ppx1 and ppx2) each having different domain compositions, with the gene order ppx1-ppk-ppx2. However, the specific function of these ppx genes remains unexplored. An in-frame deletion of ppx1 in Lacticaseibacillus paracasei BL23 resulted in bacteria unable to accumulate poly-P, whereas the disruption of ppx2 did not affect poly-P synthesis. The expression of ppk was not altered in the Δppx1 strain, and poly-P synthesis in this strain was only restored by expressing ppx1 in trans. Moreover, no poly-P synthesis was observed when ppk was expressed from a plasmid in the Δppx1 strain. Purified Ppx2 exhibited in vitro exopolyphosphatase activity, whereas no in vitro enzymatic activity could be demonstrated for Ppx1. This observation corresponds with the absence in Ppx1 of conserved motifs essential for catalysis found in characterized exopolyphosphatases. Furthermore, assays with purified Ppk and Ppx1 evidenced that Ppx1 enhanced Ppk activity. These results demonstrate that Ppx1 is essential for poly-P synthesis in Lc. paracasei and have unveiled, for the first time, an unexpected role of Ppx1 exopolyphosphatase in poly-P synthesis.IMPORTANCEPoly-P is a pivotal molecular player in bacteria, participating in a diverse array of processes ranging from stress resilience to pathogenesis while also serving as a functional component in probiotic bacteria. The synthesis of poly-P is tightly regulated, but the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely elucidated. Our study sheds light on the distinctive role played by the two exopolyphosphatases (Ppx) found in the Lactobacillaceae bacterial group, of relevance in food and health. This particular group is noteworthy for possessing two Ppx enzymes, supposedly involved in poly-P degradation. Remarkably, our investigation uncovers an unprecedented function of Ppx1 in Lacticaseibacillus paracasei, where its absence leads to the total cessation of poly-P synthesis, paralleling the impact observed upon eliminating the poly-P forming enzyme, poly-P kinase. Unlike the anticipated role as a conventional exopolyphosphatase, Ppx1 demonstrates an unexpected function. Our results added a layer of complexity to our understanding of poly-P dynamics in bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Corrales
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA-CSIC), Paterna, Spain
| | - Cristina Alcántara
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA-CSIC), Paterna, Spain
| | - Manuel Zúñiga
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA-CSIC), Paterna, Spain
| | - Vicente Monedero
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA-CSIC), Paterna, Spain
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Domene A, Orozco H, Rodríguez-Viso P, Monedero V, Zúñiga M, Vélez D, Devesa V. Lactobacillus strains reduce the toxic effects of a subchronic exposure to arsenite through drinking water. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 245:117989. [PMID: 38128596 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to determine the efficacy of LAB strains in reducing the intestinal toxicity of arsenite [As(III)] and its tissue accumulation. For this purpose, Balb/c mice were randomly separated in four groups. One group received no treatment (control), one group received only As(III) (30 mg/L) via drinking water and the remaining two groups received As(III) via water and a daily dose of two LAB strains (Lactobacillus intestinalis LE1 and Lacticaseibacillus paracasei BL23) by gavage during 2 months. The results show that both strains reduce the pro-inflammatory and pro-oxidant response observed at the colonic level, partially restore the expression of the intercellular junction proteins (CLDN3 and OCLN) responsible for the maintenance of epithelial integrity, and increase the synthesis of the major mucin of the colonic mucus layer (MUC2), compared to animals treated with As(III) alone. Microbial metabolism of short-chain fatty acids also undergoes a recovery and the levels of fatty acids in the lumen reach values similar to those of untreated animals. All these positive effects imply the restoration of mucosal permeability, and a reduction of the marker of endotoxemia LPS binding protein (LBP). Treatment with the bacteria also has a direct impact on intestinal absorption, reducing the accumulation of As in the internal organs. The data suggest that the protective effect may be due to a reduced internalization of As(III) in intestinal tissues and to a possible antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of the bacteria through activation of pathways such as Nrf2 and IL-10. In vitro tests show that the protection may be the result of the combined action of structural and metabolic components of the LAB strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Domene
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Calle Agustín Escardino 7, 46980, Paterna, Spain
| | - H Orozco
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Calle Agustín Escardino 7, 46980, Paterna, Spain
| | - P Rodríguez-Viso
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Calle Agustín Escardino 7, 46980, Paterna, Spain
| | - V Monedero
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Calle Agustín Escardino 7, 46980, Paterna, Spain
| | - M Zúñiga
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Calle Agustín Escardino 7, 46980, Paterna, Spain
| | - D Vélez
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Calle Agustín Escardino 7, 46980, Paterna, Spain
| | - V Devesa
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Calle Agustín Escardino 7, 46980, Paterna, Spain.
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Choi IY, Oh JH, Wang Z, van Pijkeren JP. Bioluminescent monitoring of recombinant lactic acid bacteria and their products. mBio 2023; 14:e0119723. [PMID: 37668408 PMCID: PMC10653940 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01197-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Lactic acid bacteria constitute a genetically diverse group of microorganisms with significant roles in the food industry, biotechnology, agriculture, and medicine. A core understanding of bacterial physiology in diverse environments is crucial to select and develop bacteria for industrial and medical applications. However, there is a lack of versatile tools to track (recombinant) protein production in lactic acid bacteria. In this study, we adapted a peptide-based bioluminescent tagging system that is functional across multiple genera and species. This system enables tracking of tagged proteins both in vitro and in situ, while it also can be used to enumerate recombinant bacteria from the mouse gastrointestinal tract with accuracy comparable to that of conventional plate counts. Our work expands the lactic acid bacteria genetic toolbox and will facilitate researchers in industry and academia with opportunities to monitor microbes and proteins under different physiologically relevant conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- In Young Choi
- Department of Food Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Jee-Hwan Oh
- Department of Food Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Zhiying Wang
- Department of Food Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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Langa S, Peirotén Á, Curiel JA, Arqués JL, Landete JM. Promoters for the expression of food-grade selectable markers in lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:7845-7856. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-12237-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Wang J, Wang T, Li Y, Fan Z, Lv Z, Liu L, Li X, Li B. Comparative genomic analysis of Lacticaseibacillus paracasei SMN-LBK from koumiss. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1042117. [DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1042117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lacticaseibacillus paracasei SMN-LBK, which was isolated in Xinjiang, has been shown to be a probiotic strain and used as the auxiliary starter for dairy fermentation. Comparative genomic analysis was performed to investigate the metabolic preference and ethanol tolerance mechanisms of L. paracasei SMN-LBK. The results of comparative genomics showed that L. paracasei strains had high conservation and genetic diversity. SMN-LBK encoded various genes related to carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism pathways, which endow this strain with good fermentation potential. In addition, 6 CRISPR sequences and 8 cas proteins were found in SMN-LBK, and these could play vital roles in the immune system. Furthermore, a unique cluster of potential secondary metabolism genes related to bacteriocins was detected in the genome of SMN-LBK, and this could be important for the preservation of fermented foods. Multiple genes related to alcohol tolerance were also identified. In conclusion, our study explained the traits that were previously demonstrated for SMN-LBK as phenotypes and provided a theoretical basis for the application of SMN-LBK in the food industry.
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Spontaneous Prophage Induction Contributes to the Production of Membrane Vesicles by the Gram-Positive Bacterium Lacticaseibacillus casei BL23. mBio 2022; 13:e0237522. [PMID: 36200778 PMCID: PMC9600169 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02375-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The formation of membrane vesicles (MVs) by Gram-positive bacteria has gained increasing attention over the last decade. Recently, models of vesicle formation have been proposed and involve the digestion of the cell wall by prophage-encoded or stress-induced peptidoglycan (PG) hydrolases and the inhibition of PG synthesis by β-lactam antibiotics. The impact of these mechanisms on vesicle formation is largely dependent on the strain and growth conditions. To date, no information on the production of vesicles by the lactobacilli family has been reported. Here, we aimed to characterize the MVs released by the Gram-positive bacteria Lacticaseibacillus casei BL23 and also investigated the mechanisms involved in vesicle formation. Using electron microscopy, we established that the size of the majority of L. casei BL23 vesicles ranged from 50 to 100 nm. Furthermore, we showed that the vesicles were released consistently throughout the growth of the bacteria in standard culture conditions. The protein composition of the vesicles released in the supernatant was identified and a significant number of prophage proteins was detected. Moreover, using a mutant strain harboring a defective PLE2 prophage, we were able to show that the spontaneous and mitomycin-triggered induction of the prophage PLE2 contribute to the production of MVs by L. casei BL23. Finally, we also demonstrated the influence of prophages on the membrane integrity of bacteria. Overall, our results suggest a key role of the prophage PLE2 in the production of MVs by L. casei BL23 in the absence or presence of genotoxic stress.
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Landete JM. Development of soy beverages enriched in O-desmethylangolesin and 6-hydroxy-O-desmethylangolesin by engineered lactic acid bacteria. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.113526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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8
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Tejedor-Sanz S, Stevens ET, Li S, Finnegan P, Nelson J, Knoesen A, Light SH, Ajo-Franklin CM, Marco ML. Extracellular electron transfer increases fermentation in lactic acid bacteria via a hybrid metabolism. eLife 2022; 11:e70684. [PMID: 35147079 PMCID: PMC8837199 DOI: 10.7554/elife.70684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Energy conservation in microorganisms is classically categorized into respiration and fermentation; however, recent work shows some species can use mixed or alternative bioenergetic strategies. We explored the use of extracellular electron transfer for energy conservation in diverse lactic acid bacteria (LAB), microorganisms that mainly rely on fermentative metabolism and are important in food fermentations. The LAB Lactiplantibacillus plantarum uses extracellular electron transfer to increase its NAD+/NADH ratio, generate more ATP through substrate-level phosphorylation, and accumulate biomass more rapidly. This novel, hybrid metabolism is dependent on a type-II NADH dehydrogenase (Ndh2) and conditionally requires a flavin-binding extracellular lipoprotein (PplA) under laboratory conditions. It confers increased fermentation product yield, metabolic flux, and environmental acidification in laboratory media and during kale juice fermentation. The discovery of a single pathway that simultaneously blends features of fermentation and respiration in a primarily fermentative microorganism expands our knowledge of energy conservation and provides immediate biotechnology applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Tejedor-Sanz
- Department of BioSciences, Rice UniversityHoustonUnited States
- Biological Nanostructures Facility, The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyUnited States
| | - Eric T Stevens
- Department of Food Science & Technology, University of California‐DavisDavisUnited States
| | - Siliang Li
- Department of BioSciences, Rice UniversityHoustonUnited States
| | - Peter Finnegan
- Department of Food Science & Technology, University of California‐DavisDavisUnited States
| | - James Nelson
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California‐DavisDavisUnited States
| | - Andre Knoesen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California‐DavisDavisUnited States
| | - Samuel H Light
- Department of Microbiology, University of ChicagoChicagoUnited States
| | - Caroline M Ajo-Franklin
- Department of BioSciences, Rice UniversityHoustonUnited States
- Biological Nanostructures Facility, The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyUnited States
| | - Maria L Marco
- Department of Food Science & Technology, University of California‐DavisDavisUnited States
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Kim E, Yang SM, Kim D, Kim HY. Complete Genome Sequencing and Comparative Genomics of Three Potential Probiotic Strains, Lacticaseibacillus casei FBL6, Lacticaseibacillus chiayiensis FBL7, and Lacticaseibacillus zeae FBL8. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:794315. [PMID: 35069490 PMCID: PMC8777060 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.794315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lacticaseibacillus casei, Lacticaseibacillus chiayiensis, and Lacticaseibacillus zeae are very closely related Lacticaseibacillus species. L. casei has long been proposed as a probiotic, whereas studies on functional characterization for L. chiayiensis and L. zeae are some compared to L. casei. In this study, L. casei FBL6, L. chiayiensis FBL7, and L. zeae FBL8 were isolated from raw milk, and their probiotic properties were investigated. Genomic analysis demonstrated the role of L. chiayiensis and L. zeae as probiotic candidates. The three strains were tolerant to acid and bile salt, with inhibitory action against pathogenic bacterial strains and capacity of antioxidants. Complete genome sequences of the three strains were analyzed to highlight the probiotic properties at the genetic level, which results in the discovery of genes corresponding to phenotypic characterization. Moreover, genes known to confer probiotic characteristics were identified, including genes related to biosynthesis, defense machinery, adhesion, and stress adaptation. The comparative genomic analysis with other available genomes revealed 256, 214, and 32 unique genes for FBL6, FBL7, and FBL8, respectively. These genomes contained individual genes encoding proteins that are putatively involved in carbohydrate transport and metabolism, prokaryotic immune system for antiviral defense, and physiological control processes. In particular, L. casei FBL6 had a bacteriocin gene cluster that was not present in other genomes of L. casei, resulting in this strain may exhibit a wide range of antimicrobial activity compared to other L. casei strains. Our data can help us understand the probiotic functionalities of the three strains and suggest that L. chiayiensis and L. zeae species, which are closely related to L. casei, can also be considered as novel potential probiotic candidate strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiseul Kim
- Institute of Life Sciences & Resources and Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, South Korea
| | - Seung-Min Yang
- Institute of Life Sciences & Resources and Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, South Korea
| | - Dayoung Kim
- Institute of Life Sciences & Resources and Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, South Korea
| | - Hae-Yeong Kim
- Institute of Life Sciences & Resources and Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, South Korea
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Chen C, Yuan J, Yu H, Wang B, Huang J, Yuan H, Xu Z, Zhao S, Tian H. Characterization of metabolic pathways for biosynthesis of the flavor compound 3-methylbutanal by Lactococcus lactis. J Dairy Sci 2021; 105:97-108. [PMID: 34756442 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-20779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
3-Methylbutanal is a key volatile compound that imparts a nutty flavor to Cheddar cheese. Lactococcus lactis has been successfully applied as a starter to increase the level of 3-methylbutanal produced during the ripening of cheese. However, the mechanism of action and genetic diversity of this bacterium for 3-methylbutanal biosynthesis remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the association between the L. lactis genotype and phenotype in the biosynthesis of 3-methylbutanal via both direct and indirect pathways. Fourteen strains of L. lactis were screened for the capacity to produce 3-methylbutanal, and strain 408 (>140 μM) produced the highest among all tested strains, which exhibited both α-keto acid decarboxylase and α-ketoacid dehydrogenase activities. Furthermore, the results of a sodium meta-arsenite inhibition experiment showed that the 3-methylbutanal-producing capacities of each strain declined to various degrees. The kdcA gene, which encodes the direct pathway component α-ketoacid decarboxylase, was detected in 4 of the 14 strains, of which only strain 408 contained the full-length gene. We then characterized the genes associated with the indirect pathway by detecting the expression levels of the pdh gene cluster, ack, and pta, which were expressed at relatively higher levels in a high-yield strain than in a low-yield strain. As a result, these L. lactis strains were divided into 3 categories according to gene diversity, gene expression, and 3-methylbutanal production. The results of this study refine our knowledge of the genetic determinants of 3-methylbutanal biosynthesis in L. lactis and explain the effect of both synthesis pathways on 3-methylbutanal production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, P.R. China
| | - Jiajie Yuan
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, P.R. China
| | - Haiyan Yu
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, P.R. China
| | - Bei Wang
- School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, P.R. China
| | - Juan Huang
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, P.R. China
| | - Haibin Yuan
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, P.R. China
| | - Zhiyuan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Dairy Biotechnology, Dairy Research Institute, Bright Dairy & Food Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201418, P.R. China
| | - Shanshan Zhao
- College of Agriculture, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056038, P.R. China.
| | - Huaixiang Tian
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, P.R. China.
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Evoglow-Pp1 and mCherry proteins: a dual fluorescent labeling system for lactic acid bacteria. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:7367-7378. [PMID: 34536099 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11537-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescent proteins are widely used for cell and protein tracking. Most of these proteins show a high signal and need the presence of oxygen to emit fluorescence. Among them, the fluorescent protein mCherry stands up because of its bright signal and fast maturation. Furthermore, the anaerobic cyan-green fluorescent protein Evoglow-Pp1 allows fluorescent detection under anaerobic conditions. In this work, we modified the pNZ:TuR.aFP plasmid, which harbors the gene encoding Evoglow-Pp1 and the promoter of elongation factor Tu from Limosilactobacillus reuteri CECT925, to obtain a plasmid containing the mrfp gene encoding the monomeric mCherry (pNZ:TuR.mCherry). Moreover, both genes were cloned together (pNZ:TuR.aFP.mCherry) developing a chimeric protein; and with a stop codon between them (pNZ:TuR.aFP.STOP.mCherry) resulting in the expression of both Evoglow-Pp1 and mCherry proteins separately under the influence of the same promoter. Lactococcus lactis, Lacticaseibacillus casei, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, Limosilactobacillus fermentum, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus, and L. reuteri strains were transformed with the previously mentioned plasmids, showing an excellent red (pNZ:TuR.mCherry), green (pNZ:TuR.aFP), and red combined with green (pNZ:TuR.aFP.mCherry and pNZ:TuR.aFP.STOP.mCherry) fluorescence signal. Both fluorescence emissions were stable in strains transformed with pNZ:TuR.aFP.STOP.mCherry, while differences in the red or green fluorescence emission were observed in some of the strains harboring pNZ:TuR.aFP.mCherry. Moreover, these plasmids allowed strains differentiation in a complex environment, such as fecal microbiota. Hence, we present the plasmid pNZ:TuR.aFP.STOP.mCherry as a useful tool for the labeling of lactobacilli strains, which would be functional under anoxic conditions, thanks to Evoglow-Pp1, while having the high brightness and good photostability of mCherry. KEY POINTS: • LAB transformed with pNZ:TuR.mCherry expressed the red fluorescent protein mCherry. • LAB transformed with pNZ:TuR.aFP.mCherry developed a fusion of both proteins Evoglow-Pp1 and mCherry. • LAB with pNZ:TuR.aFP.STOP.mCherry expressed both fluorescent proteins separately.
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Ruiz de la Bastida A, Peirotén Á, Langa S, Arqués JL, Landete JM. Heterologous production of equol by lactic acid bacteria strains in culture medium and food. Int J Food Microbiol 2021; 360:109328. [PMID: 34281716 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2021.109328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The isoflavones daidzin and genistin, present in soybeans, can be transformed by the intestinal microbiota into equol and 5-hydroxy-equol, compounds with enhanced availability and bioactivity, although these are only produced by a fraction of the population. Hence, there is an interest in the production of these compounds, although, to date, few bacteria with biotechnological interest and applicability in food have been found able to produce equol. In order to obtain lactic acid bacteria able to produce equol, the daidzein reductase (dzr), dihydrodaidzein reductase (ddr), tetrahydrodaidzein reductase (tdr) and dihydrodaidzein racemase (ifcA) genes, from Slackia isoflavoniconvertens DSM22006, were cloned into the vector pNZ:TuR, under a strong constitutive promoter (TuR). Lactococcus lactis MG1363, Lacticaseibacillus casei BL23, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum WCFS1, Limosilactobacillus fermentum INIA 584L and L. fermentum INIA 832L, harbouring pNZ:TuR.tdr.ddr, were able to produce equol from dihydrodaidzein, while L. fermentum strains showed also production of 5-hydroxy-equol from dihydrogenistein. The metabolization of daidzein and genistein by the combination of strains harbouring pNZ:TuR.dzr and pNZ:TuR.tdr.ddr showed similar results, and the addition of the correspondent strain harbouring pNZ:TuR.ifcA resulted in an increase of equol production, but only in the L. fermentum strains. This pattern of equol and 5-hydroxy-equol production by L. fermentum strains was also confirmed in cow's milk supplemented with daidzein and genistein and incubated with the different combination of strains harbouring the constructed plasmids. Bacteria generally recognized as safe (GRAS), such as the lactic acid bacteria species used in this work, harbouring these plasmids, would be of value for the development of fermented vegetal foods enriched in equol and 5-hydroxy-equol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Ruiz de la Bastida
- Departamento de Tecnología de Alimentos, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Carretera de La Coruña Km 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángela Peirotén
- Departamento de Tecnología de Alimentos, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Carretera de La Coruña Km 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Susana Langa
- Departamento de Tecnología de Alimentos, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Carretera de La Coruña Km 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Luis Arqués
- Departamento de Tecnología de Alimentos, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Carretera de La Coruña Km 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - José María Landete
- Departamento de Tecnología de Alimentos, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Carretera de La Coruña Km 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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Methyltransferase-directed orthogonal tagging and sequencing of miRNAs and bacterial small RNAs. BMC Biol 2021; 19:129. [PMID: 34158037 PMCID: PMC8220740 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-021-01053-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Targeted installation of designer chemical moieties on biopolymers provides an orthogonal means for their visualisation, manipulation and sequence analysis. Although high-throughput RNA sequencing is a widely used method for transcriptome analysis, certain steps, such as 3′ adapter ligation in strand-specific RNA sequencing, remain challenging due to structure- and sequence-related biases introduced by RNA ligases, leading to misrepresentation of particular RNA species. Here, we remedy this limitation by adapting two RNA 2′-O-methyltransferases from the Hen1 family for orthogonal chemo-enzymatic click tethering of a 3′ sequencing adapter that supports cDNA production by reverse transcription of the tagged RNA. Results We showed that the ssRNA-specific DmHen1 and dsRNA-specific AtHEN1 can be used to efficiently append an oligonucleotide adapter to the 3′ end of target RNA for sequencing library preparation. Using this new chemo-enzymatic approach, we identified miRNAs and prokaryotic small non-coding sRNAs in probiotic Lactobacillus casei BL23. We found that compared to a reference conventional RNA library preparation, methyltransferase-Directed Orthogonal Tagging and RNA sequencing, mDOT-seq, avoids misdetection of unspecific highly-structured RNA species, thus providing better accuracy in identifying the groups of transcripts analysed. Our results suggest that mDOT-seq has the potential to advance analysis of eukaryotic and prokaryotic ssRNAs. Conclusions Our findings provide a valuable resource for studies of the RNA-centred regulatory networks in Lactobacilli and pave the way to developing novel transcriptome and epitranscriptome profiling approaches in vitro and inside living cells. As RNA methyltransferases share the structure of the AdoMet-binding domain and several specific cofactor binding features, the basic principles of our approach could be easily translated to other AdoMet-dependent enzymes for the development of modification-specific RNA-seq techniques. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12915-021-01053-w.
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Landete JM, Plaza-Vinuesa L, Montenegro C, Santamaría L, Reverón I, de Las Rivas B, Muñoz R. The use of Lactobacillus plantarum esterase genes: a biotechnological strategy to increase the bioavailability of dietary phenolic compounds in lactic acid bacteria. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2021; 72:1035-1045. [PMID: 33730985 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2021.1900078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
In Lactobacillus plantarum the metabolism of hydroxybenzoic and hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives follows a similar two-step pathway, an esterase action followed by a decarboxylation. The L. plantarum esterase genes involved in these reactions have been cloned into pNZ8048 or pT1NX plasmids and transformed into technologically relevant lactic acid bacteria. None of the strains assayed can hydrolyse methyl gallate, a hydroxybenzoic ester. The presence of the L. plantarum tannase encoding genes (tanALp or tanBLp) on these bacteria conferred their detectable esterase (tannase) activity. Similarly, on hydroxycinnamic compounds, esterase activity for the hydrolysis of ferulic acid was acquired by lactic acid bacteria when L. plantarum esterase (JDM1_1092) was present. This study showed that the heterologous expression of L. plantarum esterase genes involved in the metabolism of phenolic acids allowed the production of healthy compounds which increase the bioavailability of these dietary compounds in food relevant lactic acid bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- José María Landete
- Departamento de Tecnología de Alimentos, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Plaza-Vinuesa
- Biotecnología Bacteriana, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos y Nutrición, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cinthya Montenegro
- Departamento de Tecnología de Alimentos, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Santamaría
- Biotecnología Bacteriana, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos y Nutrición, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Inés Reverón
- Biotecnología Bacteriana, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos y Nutrición, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Blanca de Las Rivas
- Biotecnología Bacteriana, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos y Nutrición, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosario Muñoz
- Biotecnología Bacteriana, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos y Nutrición, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
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Catone MV, Palomino MM, Legisa DM, Fina Martin J, Monedero García V, Ruzal SM, Allievi MC. Lactic acid production using cheese whey based medium in a stirred tank reactor by a ccpA mutant of Lacticaseibacillus casei. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 37:61. [PMID: 33719024 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-021-03028-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In lactobacilli, CcpA is known to modulate the expression of genes involved in sugar metabolism, stress response and aerobic adaptation. This study aimed to evaluate a ccpA mutant of Lacticaseibacillus casei BL23 to increase lactic acid production using cheese whey. The ccpA derivative (BL71) showed better growth than the L. casei wild-type in the whey medium. In a stirred tank reactor, at 48 h, lactate production by BL71 was eightfold higher than that by BL23. In batch fermentations, the final values reached were 44.23 g L-1 for BL71 and 27.58 g L-1 for BL23. Due to a decrease in the delay of lactate production in the mutant, lactate productivity increased from 0.17 g (L.h)-1 with BL23 to 0.80 g (L.h)-1 with BL71. We found that CcpA would play additional roles in nitrogen metabolism by the regulation of the proteolytic system. BL71 displayed higher activity of the PepX, PepQ and PrtP enzymes than BL23. Analysis of prtP expression confirmed this deregulation in BL71. Promoter analysis of the prtP gene revealed CcpA binding sites with high identity to the cre consensus sequence and the interaction of CcpA with this promoter was confirmed in vitro. We postulate that deregulation of the proteolytic system in BL71 allows a better exploitation of nitrogen resources in cheese whey, resulting in enhanced fermentation capacity. Therefore, the ccpA gene could be a good target for future technological developments aimed at effective and inexpensive lactate production from dairy industrial wastes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariela Verónica Catone
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Biotecnología Industrial, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Industrial (INTI), Av. General Paz 5445, B1650AAC, San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Mercedes Palomino
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires - Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN) - CONICET, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EGA, CABA, Argentina
| | - Danilo Mario Legisa
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Biotecnología Industrial, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Industrial (INTI), Av. General Paz 5445, B1650AAC, San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Joaquina Fina Martin
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires - Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN) - CONICET, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EGA, CABA, Argentina
| | - Vicente Monedero García
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IATA-CSIC), Av. Agustín Escardino 7, 46980, Paterna, Valencia, España
| | - Sandra Mónica Ruzal
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires - Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN) - CONICET, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EGA, CABA, Argentina
| | - Mariana Claudia Allievi
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires - Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN) - CONICET, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EGA, CABA, Argentina.
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Naraki S, Igimi S, Sasaki Y. NADH peroxidase plays a crucial role in consuming H 2O 2 in Lactobacillus casei IGM394. BIOSCIENCE OF MICROBIOTA, FOOD AND HEALTH 2020; 39:45-56. [PMID: 32328400 PMCID: PMC7162690 DOI: 10.12938/bmfh.19-027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The facultative anaerobic bacterium Lactobacillus casei IGM394 is used as a host for drug delivery systems, and it exhibits the same growth rate under aerobic and anaerobic
conditions. L. casei strains carry several genes that facilitate oxygen and reactive oxygen species (ROS) tolerance in their genomes, but their complete functions have not
been uncovered. To clarify the oxygen and ROS tolerance mechanisms of L. casei IGM394, we constructed 23 deficient mutants targeting genes that confer oxidative stress
resistance. Significantly decreased growth and high H2O2 accumulation were observed in the NADH peroxidase gene-mutated strain (Δnpr) compared with the
findings in the wild type. The H2O2 degradation capacity of Δnpr revealed that NADH peroxidase is a major H2O2-degrading enzyme
in L. casei IGM394. Interestingly, ΔohrR, a mutant deficient in the organic hydroperoxide (OhrA) repressor, exhibited higher H2O2
resistance than the wild-type strain. Increased Npr expression and H2O2 degradation ability were observed in ΔohrR, further supporting the importance
of OhrA to ROS tolerance mechanisms. The other mutants did not exhibit altered growth rates, although some mutants had higher growth in the presence of oxygen. From these results, it is
presumed that L. casei IGM394 has multiple oxygen tolerance mechanisms and that the loss of a single gene does not alter the growth rate because of the presence of
complementary mechanisms. Contrarily, the H2O2 tolerance mechanism is solely dependent on NADH peroxidase in L. casei IGM394.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Naraki
- Agricultural Chemistry, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan
| | - Shizunobu Igimi
- Agricultural Chemistry, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan
| | - Yasuko Sasaki
- Agricultural Chemistry, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan
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Expression of a β-glucosidase in bacteria with biotechnological interest confers them the ability to deglycosylate lignans and flavonoids in vegetal foods. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:4903-4913. [PMID: 32270251 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10588-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Lignans and flavonoids are found in plants in their glycosylated forms and need to be hydrolyzed to aglycones to become bioavailable. Putative β-glucosidase genes from Lactobacillus mucosae INIA P508 were inserted into the plasmid pNZ:TuR. The strain Lactococcus lactis MG1363 harboring the plasmid pNZ:TuR.glu913 showed high β-glucosidase activity and was able to transform secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG) into secoisolariciresinol (SECO). Lactic acid bacteria and Bifidobacterium strains harboring pNZ:TuR.glu913 were incubated with a soy beverage supplemented with flax seed extracts. SDG was almost completely consumed by the transformed strains, while concentration of SECO greatly increased. Moreover, these strains showed high deglycosylation of the isoflavone glycosides daidzin and genistin. In addition, other lignan and flavonoid aglycones were produced, i.e. matairesinol, pinoresinol, quercetin, and eriodyctiol. These deglycosylase activities were maintained when this glucosidase gene was cloned in a food grade vector, pLEB590, and transformed into L. lactis MG1363. This is the first report of the use of a food grade plasmid that confers the ability to efficiently catalyze the deglycosylation of lignans, isoflavonoids, flavones, and flavanones. The recombinant bacteria of this study would be of value for the development of fermented vegetal foods enriched in bioavailable forms of lignans and flavonoids.
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In Vitro Evaluation of the Protective Role of Lactobacillus StrainsAgainst Inorganic Arsenic Toxicity. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2020; 12:1484-1491. [PMID: 32077013 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-020-09639-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Inorganic arsenic [iAs, As(III) + As(V)] is considered a human carcinogen. Recent studies show that it has also toxic effects on the intestinal epithelium which might partly explain its systemic toxicity. The aim of this study is to evaluate the protective role of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) against the toxic effects of iAs on the intestinal epithelium. For this purpose, the human colonic cells Caco-2 were exposed to As(III) in the presence of various LAB strains or their conditioned medium. Results showed that some strains and their conditioned media partially revert the oxidative stress, the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, the alterations of the distribution of tight junction proteins, and the cell permeability increases caused by As(III). These results show that both soluble factors secreted or resulting from LAB metabolism and cell-cell interactions are possibly involved in the beneficial effects. Therefore, some LAB strains have potential as protective agents against iAs intestinal barrier disruption.
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Unique Microbial Catabolic Pathway for the Human Core N-Glycan Constituent Fucosyl-α-1,6- N-Acetylglucosamine-Asparagine. mBio 2020; 11:mBio.02804-19. [PMID: 31937642 PMCID: PMC6960285 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02804-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract accommodates more than 1014 microorganisms that have an enormous impact on human health. The mechanisms enabling commensal bacteria and administered probiotics to colonize the gut remain largely unknown. The ability to utilize host-derived carbon and energy resources available at the mucosal surfaces may provide these bacteria with a competitive advantage in the gut. Here, we have identified in the commensal species Lactobacillus casei a novel metabolic pathway for the utilization of the glycoamino acid fucosyl-α-1,6-N-GlcNAc-Asn, which is present in the core-fucosylated N-glycoproteins from mammalians. These results give insight into the molecular interactions between the host and commensal/probiotic bacteria and may help to devise new strategies to restore gut microbiota homeostasis in diseases associated with dysbiotic microbiota. The survival of commensal bacteria in the human gut partially depends on their ability to metabolize host-derived molecules. The use of the glycosidic moiety of N-glycoproteins by bacteria has been reported, but the role of N-glycopeptides or glycoamino acids as the substrates for bacterial growth has not been evaluated. We have identified in Lactobacillus casei strain BL23 a gene cluster (alf-2) involved in the catabolism of the glycoamino acid fucosyl-α-1,6-N-GlcNAc-Asn (6′FN-Asn), a constituent of the core-fucosylated structures of mammalian N-glycoproteins. The cluster consists of the genes alfHC, encoding a major facilitator superfamily (MFS) permease and the α-l-fucosidase AlfC, and the divergently oriented asdA (aspartate 4-decarboxylase), alfR2 (transcriptional regulator), pepV (peptidase), asnA2 (glycosyl-asparaginase), and sugK (sugar kinase) genes. Knockout mutants showed that alfH, alfC, asdA, asnA2, and sugK are necessary for efficient 6′FN-Asn utilization. The alf-2 genes are induced by 6′FN-Asn, but not by its glycan moiety, via the AlfR2 regulator. The constitutive expression of alf-2 genes in an alfR2 strain allowed the metabolism of a variety of 6′-fucosyl-glycans. However, GlcNAc-Asn did not support growth in this mutant background, indicating that the presence of a 6′-fucose moiety is crucial for substrate transport via AlfH. Within bacteria, 6′FN-Asn is defucosylated by AlfC, generating GlcNAc-Asn. This glycoamino acid is processed by the glycosylasparaginase AsnA2. GlcNAc-Asn hydrolysis generates aspartate and GlcNAc, which is used as a fermentable source by L.casei. These data establish the existence in a commensal bacterial species of an exclusive metabolic pathway likely to scavenge human milk and mucosal fucosylated N-glycopeptides in the gastrointestinal tract.
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Angelopoulou A, Warda AK, Hill C, Ross RP. Non-antibiotic microbial solutions for bovine mastitis – live biotherapeutics, bacteriophage, and phage lysins. Crit Rev Microbiol 2019; 45:564-580. [DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2019.1648381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Angeliki Angelopoulou
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - Alicja K. Warda
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Colin Hill
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - R. Paul Ross
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Co. Cork, Ireland
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Bravo M, Combes T, Martinez FO, Cerrato R, Rey J, Garcia-Jimenez W, Fernandez-Llario P, Risco D, Gutierrez-Merino J. Lactobacilli Isolated From Wild Boar ( Sus scrofa) Antagonize Mycobacterium bovis Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) in a Species-Dependent Manner. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1663. [PMID: 31417502 PMCID: PMC6683848 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Wildlife poses a significant burden for the complete eradication of bovine tuberculosis (bTB). In particular, wild boar (Sus scrofa) is one of the most important reservoirs of Mycobacterium bovis, the causal agent of bTB. Wild boar can display from mild TB lesions, usually found in head lymph nodes, to generalized TB lesions distributed in different anatomical regions; but rarely clinical signs, which complicates the diagnosis of Mycobacterium bovis infection and bTB control. Among the possibilities for this variability in lesion distribution is the influence of the host-beneficial commensal-primed immune barrier. In this respect, beneficial microbes may delay bTB dissemination as a consequence of an antagonistic competition for nutrients and phagocytes. In order to explore this possibility, we have tested whether typical commensals such as lactobacilli have the capacity to reduce the survival rate of the surrogate M. bovis strain Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG); and to modulate its phagocyte intake. Results: Three Lactobacillus species, L. casei, L. plantarum, and L. salivarius, isolated from wild boar feces displayed a pH-dependent inhibitory activity against BCG and influenced its intake by porcine blood phagocytes in a species-dependent manner. All lactobacilli showed a very significant bactericidal effect against BCG at low pH, but only isolates of L. plantarum and L. casei displayed such antimycobacterial activity at neutral pH. The genomes of these isolates revealed the presence of two-peptide bacteriocins whose precursor genes up-regulate in the presence of BCG cells. Furthermore, L. plantarum reduced significantly the BCG phagocytic intake, whereas L. casei had the opposite effect. L. salivarius had no significant influence on the phagocytic response to BCG. Conclusions: Our in vitro results show that lactobacilli isolated from wild boar antagonize BCG as a consequence of their antimycobacterial activity and a competitive phagocytic response. These findings suggest that commensal bacteria could play a beneficial role in influencing the outcome of bTB dissemination. Further work with lactobacilli as a potential competitive pressure to control bTB will need to take into account the complex nature of the commensal microbiome, the specific immunity of the wild boar and the in vivo infection context with pathogenic strains of M. bovis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Bravo
- Innovación en Gestión y Conservación de Ungulados SL, Cáceres, Spain.,Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Theo Combes
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Fernando O Martinez
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Rosario Cerrato
- Innovación en Gestión y Conservación de Ungulados SL, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Joaquín Rey
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | | | | | - David Risco
- Innovación en Gestión y Conservación de Ungulados SL, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Jorge Gutierrez-Merino
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Biosciences and Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
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Viable and Total Bacterial Populations Undergo Equipment- and Time-Dependent Shifts during Milk Processing. Appl Environ Microbiol 2019; 85:AEM.00270-19. [PMID: 31028031 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00270-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We set out to identify the viable and total bacterial content in milk as it passes through a large-scale, dairy product manufacturing plant for pasteurization, concentration, separation, blending, and storage prior to cheese manufacture. A total of 142 milk samples were collected from up to 10 pieces of equipment for a period spanning 21 h on two collection dates in the spring and late summer of 2014. Bacterial composition in the milk was determined by 16S rRNA marker gene, high-throughput DNA sequencing. Milk samples from the late summer were paired such that half were treated with propidium monoazide (PMA) to enrich for viable cells prior to quantification by PCR and identification by DNA sequence analysis. Streptococcus had the highest median relative abundance across all sampling sites within the facility on both sampling dates. The proportions of Anoxybacillus, Thermus, Lactococcus, Lactobacillus, Micrococcaceae, and Pseudomonas were also elevated in some samples. Viable cells detected by PMA treatment showed that Turicibacter was enriched after high-temperature short-time pasteurization, whereas proportions of Staphylococcus were significantly reduced. Using clean-in-place (CIP) times as a reference point, Bacillus, Pseudomonas, and Anoxybacillus were found in high relative proportions in several recently cleaned silos (<19 h since CIP). At later times (>19 h after CIP), 10 of 11 silos containing elevated viable cell numbers were enriched in Acinetobacter and/or Lactococcus These results show the tremendous point-to-point and sample-dependent variations in bacterial composition in milk during processing.IMPORTANCE Milk undergoes sustained contact with the built environment during processing into finished dairy products. This contact has the potential to influence the introduction, viability, and growth of microorganisms within the milk. Currently, the population dynamics of bacteria in milk undergoing processing are not well understood. Therefore, we measured for total and viable bacterial composition and cell numbers in milk over time and at different processing points in a cheese manufacturing facility in California. Our results provide new perspectives on the dramatic variations in microbial populations in milk during processing even over short amounts of time. Although some of the changes in the milk microbiota were predictable (e.g., reduced viable cell numbers after pasteurization), other findings could not be easily foreseen based on knowledge of bacteria contained in raw milk or when the equipment was last cleaned. This information is important for predicting and controlling microbial spoilage contaminants in dairy products.
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Fina Martin J, Palomino MM, Cutine AM, Modenutti CP, Fernández Do Porto DA, Allievi MC, Zanini SH, Mariño KV, Barquero AA, Ruzal SM. Exploring lectin-like activity of the S-layer protein of Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4356. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:4839-4857. [PMID: 31053916 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-09795-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The surface layer (S-layer) protein of Lactobacillus acidophilus is a crystalline array of self-assembling, proteinaceous subunits non-covalently bound to the outmost bacterial cell wall envelope and is involved in the adherence of bacteria to host cells. We have previously described that the S-layer protein of L. acidophilus possesses anti-viral and anti-bacterial properties. In this work, we extracted and purified S-layer proteins from L. acidophilus ATCC 4356 cells to study their interaction with cell wall components from prokaryotic (i.e., peptidoglycan and lipoteichoic acids) and eukaryotic origin (i.e., mucin and chitin), as well as with viruses, bacteria, yeast, and blood cells. Using chimeric S-layer fused to green fluorescent protein (GFP) from different parts of the protein, we analyzed their binding capacity. Our results show that the C-terminal part of the S-layer protein presents lectin-like activity, interacting with different glycoepitopes. We further demonstrate that lipoteichoic acid (LTA) serves as an anchor for the S-layer protein. Finally, a structure for the C-terminal part of S-layer and possible binding sites were predicted by a homology-based model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquina Fina Martin
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Biológica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Cdad. Universitaria, Pabellón II, 4 piso, Lab QB40, C1428EGA, CABA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maria Mercedes Palomino
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Biológica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Cdad. Universitaria, Pabellón II, 4 piso, Lab QB40, C1428EGA, CABA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Anabella M Cutine
- Laboratorio de Glicómica Funcional y Molecular, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), C1428, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carlos P Modenutti
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Biológica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Cdad. Universitaria, Pabellón II, 4 piso, Lab QB40, C1428EGA, CABA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Dario A Fernández Do Porto
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Biológica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Cdad. Universitaria, Pabellón II, 4 piso, Lab QB40, C1428EGA, CABA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Instituto de Cálculo, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariana C Allievi
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Biológica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Cdad. Universitaria, Pabellón II, 4 piso, Lab QB40, C1428EGA, CABA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sofia H Zanini
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Biológica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Cdad. Universitaria, Pabellón II, 4 piso, Lab QB40, C1428EGA, CABA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Karina V Mariño
- Laboratorio de Glicómica Funcional y Molecular, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), C1428, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Andrea A Barquero
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Biológica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Cdad. Universitaria, Pabellón II, 4 piso, Lab QB40, C1428EGA, CABA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sandra M Ruzal
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Biológica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Cdad. Universitaria, Pabellón II, 4 piso, Lab QB40, C1428EGA, CABA, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Jadán-Piedra C, Crespo Á, Monedero V, Vélez D, Devesa V, Zúñiga M. Effect of lactic acid bacteria on mercury toxicokinetics. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 128:147-153. [PMID: 30965103 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The capacity of two LAB strains to inhibit inorganic [Hg(II)] and organic (methyl-Hg; MeHg) mercury translocation through monolayers of co-cultures of NCM460 and HT29-MTX colonic cells was evaluated. Lactobacillus casei BL23 and Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC4356 reduced the permeability of Hg(II) and MeHg from aqueous solutions through NCM460/HT29-MTX monolayers (20-94% reduction). However, assays using the bioaccessible (soluble) Hg fraction obtained by in vitro gastrointestinal digestion of Hg-contaminated swordfish only showed a reduction (42%) with the BL23 strain. In vivo experiments carried out in mice receiving an acute dose of Hg(II) or MeHg (0.5 mg/kg body weight/day) with or without lactobacilli resulted in significant decreases of the bioavailability of MeHg with both strains and increased excretion of Hg in feces after treatment with the lactobacilli. However, Hg(II) bioavailability or excretion was not affected. Hg accumulation in liver and kidney remained similar in LAB-treated or non-treated animals. This is the first study of the impact of LAB on Hg(II) and MeHg toxicokinetics and shows that some LAB strains have potential to diminish MeHg bioavailability. Furthermore, it has established the basis for new studies on the protective effect of LAB under conditions resembling subchronic and chronic Hg exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Jadán-Piedra
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA-CSIC), C/ Agustín Escardino 7, 46980, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Álvaro Crespo
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA-CSIC), C/ Agustín Escardino 7, 46980, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Vicente Monedero
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA-CSIC), C/ Agustín Escardino 7, 46980, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Dinoraz Vélez
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA-CSIC), C/ Agustín Escardino 7, 46980, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Vicenta Devesa
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA-CSIC), C/ Agustín Escardino 7, 46980, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Manuel Zúñiga
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA-CSIC), C/ Agustín Escardino 7, 46980, Paterna, Valencia, Spain.
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25
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Heeney DD, Yarov-Yarovoy V, Marco ML. Sensitivity to the two peptide bacteriocin plantaricin EF is dependent on CorC, a membrane-bound, magnesium/cobalt efflux protein. Microbiologyopen 2019; 8:e827. [PMID: 30891921 PMCID: PMC6854853 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria produce a variety of antimicrobial peptides known as bacteriocins. Most bacteriocins are understood to kill sensitive bacteria through receptor‐mediated disruptions. Here, we report on the identification of the Lactobacillus plantarum plantaricin EF (PlnEF) receptor. Spontaneous PlnEF‐resistant mutants of the PlnEF‐indicator strain L. plantarum NCIMB 700965 (LP965) were isolated and confirmed to maintain cellular ATP levels in the presence of PlnEF. Genome comparisons resulted in the identification of a single mutated gene annotated as the membrane‐bound, magnesium/cobalt efflux protein CorC. All isolates contained a valine (V) at position 334 instead of a glycine (G) in a cysteine‐β‐synthase domain at the C‐terminal region of CorC. In silico template‐based modeling of this domain indicated that the mutation resides in a loop between two β‐strands. The relationship between PlnEF, CorC, and metal homeostasis was supported by the finding that PlnEF‐resistance was lost when PlnEF was applied together with high concentrations of Mg2+, Co2+, Zn2+, or Cu2+. Lastly, PlnEF sensitivity was increased upon heterologous expression of LP965 corC but not the G334V CorC mutant in the PlnEF‐resistant strain Lactobacillus casei BL23. These results show that PlnEF kills sensitive bacteria by targeting CorC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dustin D Heeney
- Department of Food Science & Technology, University of California-Davis, Davis, California
| | - Vladimir Yarov-Yarovoy
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California-Davis, Davis, California
| | - Maria L Marco
- Department of Food Science & Technology, University of California-Davis, Davis, California
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26
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Douillard FP, de Vos WM. Biotechnology of health-promoting bacteria. Biotechnol Adv 2019; 37:107369. [PMID: 30876799 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2019.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Over the last decade, there has been an increasing scientific and public interest in bacteria that may positively contribute to human gut health and well-being. This interest is reflected by the ever-increasing number of developed functional food products containing health-promoting bacteria and reaching the market place as well as by the growing revenue and profits of notably bacterial supplements worldwide. Traditionally, the origin of probiotic-marketed bacteria was limited to a rather small number of bacterial species that mostly belong to lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria. Intensifying research efforts on the human gut microbiome offered novel insights into the role of human gut microbiota in health and disease, while also providing a deep and increasingly comprehensive understanding of the bacterial communities present in this complex ecosystem and their interactions with the gut-liver-brain axis. This resulted in rational and systematic approaches to select novel health-promoting bacteria or to engineer existing bacteria with enhanced probiotic properties. In parallel, the field of gut microbiomics developed into a fertile framework for the identification, isolation and characterization of a phylogenetically diverse array of health-promoting bacterial species, also called next-generation therapeutic bacteria. The present review will address these developments with specific attention for the selection and improvement of a selected number of health-promoting bacterial species and strains that are extensively studied or hold promise for future food or pharma product development.
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Affiliation(s)
- François P Douillard
- Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Willem M de Vos
- Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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27
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Jacouton E, Michel ML, Torres-Maravilla E, Chain F, Langella P, Bermúdez-Humarán LG. Elucidating the Immune-Related Mechanisms by Which Probiotic Strain Lactobacillus casei BL23 Displays Anti-tumoral Properties. Front Microbiol 2019; 9:3281. [PMID: 30687269 PMCID: PMC6336716 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.03281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We have recently described antitumor properties of Lactobacillus casei BL23 strain in both a mouse allograft model of human papilloma virus (HPV)-induced cancer and dimethylhydrazine-associated colorectal cancer. However, the mechanisms underlying these beneficial effects are still unknown. Interestingly, in vitro cellular models show that this bacterium is able to stimulate the production of high levels of IL-2. Because this cytokine has well-known antitumor properties, we decided to explore its role in the anti-cancer effects of BL23 using the HPV-induced cancer model. We found a negative correlation between IL-2 and tumor size confirming the necessity of IL-2 to protect from tumor development. Then, we blocked IL-2 synthesis using neutralizing monoclonal antibodies in mice that were challenged with lethal levels of tumor cells; this led to a significant reduction in the protective abilities of BL23. Next, we used a genetically modified strain of Lactococcus lactis to deliver exogenous IL-2 to the system, and in doing so, we were able to partially mimic the antitumor properties of BL23. Additionally, we showed the systemic role of T-cells in tumor protection through a negative correlation between tumor size and T-cells subpopulations and an increasement of BL23-specific local Foxp3 levels in tumor-bearing mice. Finally, we observed a negative correlation between tumor size and NK+ cells, but local recruitment of NK cells and cytotoxic activity appeared specific to BL23 treatment. Taken together, our data suggest that IL-2 signaling pathway plays an important role in the anti-tumoral effects of probiotic strain L. casei BL23. These results encourage further investigation in the use of probiotic strains for potential therapeutic applications to clinical practice, in particular for the treatment of colorectal cancer. Furthermore, our approach could be extended and applied to other potential beneficial microorganisms, such as gut microbiota, in order to better understand the crosstalk between microbes and the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa Jacouton
- Micalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Marie-Laure Michel
- Micalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | | | - Florian Chain
- Micalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Philippe Langella
- Micalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
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28
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Xin Y, Guo T, Mu Y, Kong J. A Single-Plasmid Genome Editing System for Metabolic Engineering of Lactobacillus casei. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:3024. [PMID: 30568651 PMCID: PMC6289983 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.03024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome engineering of Lactobacillus casei, an important industrial microorganism for dairy fermented product, currently relies on inefficient and time-consuming double crossover events. In this study, we developed an easy-to-use genome engineering strategy for metabolic engineering of L. casei for acetoin production. Plasmid pMSP456-Cre, that contains prophage recombinase operon LCABL_13040-50-60 driven by the nisin-controlled inducible expression (NICE) system and the site-specific recombinase gene cre under the control of the promoter of the lactose operon from L. casei, was constructed. Using this plasmid, integration of a hicD3 gene linear donor cassette (up-lox66-cat-lox71-down) was catalyzed by the LCABL_13040-50-60 recombinase and the cat gene was excised by the Cre/lox system with an efficiency of 60%. To demonstrate this system for sequential and iterative knocking out genes in L. casei, another three genes (pflB, ldh and pdhC) related to acetoin production were deleted with the efficiencies of 60, 40, and 60%, respectively. The yielding quadruple mutant could produce a ∼18-fold higher amount of acetoin than the wild-type and converted 59.8% of glucose to acetoin in aerobic. Therefore, these results proved this simple genome engineering strategy have potential in metabolic engineering of L. casei for production of high value-added metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongping Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Tingting Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yingli Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jian Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
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29
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Alcántara C, Coll-Marqués JM, Jadán-Piedra C, Vélez D, Devesa V, Zúñiga M, Monedero V. Polyphosphate in Lactobacillus and Its Link to Stress Tolerance and Probiotic Properties. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1944. [PMID: 30245671 PMCID: PMC6137179 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of the inorganic polymer polyphosphate (poly-P) in bacteria has been linked to stress survival and to the capacity of some strains to sequester heavy metals. In addition, synthesis of poly-P by certain strains of probiotic lactobacilli has been evidenced as a probiotic mechanism due to the homeostatic properties of this compound at the intestinal epithelium. We analyzed the link between poly-P synthesis, stress response, and mercury toxicity/accumulation by comparing wild-type strains of Lactobacillus and their corresponding mutants devoid of poly-P synthesis capacity (defective in the poly-P kinase, ppk, gene). Results showed that resistance to salt (NaCl) and acidic (pH 4) stresses upon ppk mutation was affected in Lactobacillus casei, while no effect was observed in two different Lactobacillus plantarum strains. Inorganic [Hg(II)] and organic (CH3Hg) mercury toxicity was generally increased upon ppk mutation, but no influence was seen on the capacity to retain both mercurial forms by the bacteria. Notwithstanding, the culture supernatants of ppk-defective L. plantarum strains possessed a diminished capacity to induce HSP27 expression, a marker for cell protection, in cultured Caco-2 cells compared to wild-type strains. In summary, our results illustrate that the role of poly-P in stress tolerance can vary between strains and they reinforce the idea of probiotic-derived poly-P as a molecule that modulates host-signaling pathways. They also question the relevance of this polymer to the capacity to retain mercury of probiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Alcántara
- Laboratory of Lactic Acid Bacteria and Probiotics, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Valencia, Spain
| | - José M Coll-Marqués
- Laboratory of Lactic Acid Bacteria and Probiotics, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Valencia, Spain
| | - Carlos Jadán-Piedra
- Trace Elements Group, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Valencia, Spain
| | - Dinoraz Vélez
- Trace Elements Group, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Valencia, Spain
| | - Vicenta Devesa
- Trace Elements Group, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Valencia, Spain
| | - Manuel Zúñiga
- Laboratory of Lactic Acid Bacteria and Probiotics, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Valencia, Spain
| | - Vicente Monedero
- Laboratory of Lactic Acid Bacteria and Probiotics, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Valencia, Spain
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30
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Zúñiga M, Monedero V, Yebra MJ. Utilization of Host-Derived Glycans by Intestinal Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium Species. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1917. [PMID: 30177920 PMCID: PMC6109692 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the genus Lactobacillus are commonly found at the gastrointestinal tract and other mucosal surfaces of humans. This genus includes various species with a great number of potentially probiotic bacteria. Other often-used probiotic species belong to Bifidobacterium, a genus almost exclusively associated with the gut. As probiotics must survive and be metabolically active at their target sites, namely host mucosal surfaces, consumption of host-produced glycans is a key factor for their survival and activity. The ability to metabolize glycans such as human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), glycosaminoglycans and the glycan moieties of glycoproteins and glycolipids found at the mucosal surfaces grants a competitive advantage to lactobacilli and bifidobacteria. The analyses of the great number of sequenced genomes from these bacteria have revealed that many of them encode a wide assortment of genes involved in the metabolism and transport of carbohydrates, including several glycoside hydrolases required for metabolizing the carbohydrate moieties of mucins and HMOs. Here, the current knowledge on the genetic mechanisms, known catabolic pathways and biochemical properties of enzymes involved in the utilization of host-produced glycans by lactobacilli and bifidobacteria will be summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Zúñiga
- Laboratorio de Bacterias Lácticas y Probióticos, Departamento de Biotecnología de Alimentos, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Valencia, Spain
| | - Vicente Monedero
- Laboratorio de Bacterias Lácticas y Probióticos, Departamento de Biotecnología de Alimentos, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Valencia, Spain
| | - María J Yebra
- Laboratorio de Bacterias Lácticas y Probióticos, Departamento de Biotecnología de Alimentos, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Valencia, Spain
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31
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Souza RFS, Rault L, Seyffert N, Azevedo V, Le Loir Y, Even S. Lactobacillus casei BL23 modulates the innate immune response in Staphylococcus aureus-stimulated bovine mammary epithelial cells. Benef Microbes 2018; 9:985-995. [PMID: 30041534 DOI: 10.3920/bm2018.0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Probiotics have been adopted to treat and prevent various diseases in humans and animals. They were notably shown to be a promising alternative to prevent mastitis in dairy cattle. This inflammation of the mammary gland is generally of infectious origin and generates extensive economic losses worldwide. In a previous study, we found that Lactobacillus casei BL23 was able to inhibit the internalisation of Staphylococcus aureus, one of the major pathogens involved in mastitis, into bovine mammary epithelial cells (bMEC). In this study, we further explored the capacity of this strain to modulate the innate immune response of bovine mammary epithelial cells during S. aureus infection. L. casei BL23 was able to decrease the expression of several pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukins 6, 8, 1α and 1β and tumour necrosis factor alpha, in S. aureus-stimulated bMEC, 8 h post-infection. On the other hand, L. casei did not impair the induction of defensins, such as lingual antimicrobial peptide and defensin β1 in the presence of S. aureus, and even slightly increased the induction of tracheal antimicrobial peptide during S. aureus infection. Finally, this strain did not alter the expression of the pattern recognition receptor nucleotide-binding oligomerisation domain proteins (NOD2). This study demonstrates that L. casei BL23 displayed anti-inflammatory properties on S. aureus-stimulated bMEC. These results open the way to further characterisation of the BL23 probiotic potential in a bovine mammary gland context and to a better understanding of how all these beneficial properties combine in vivo to combat mastitis pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- R F S Souza
- 1 INRA, UMR 1253 STLO, 65 Rue de Saint-Brieuc, 35000 Rennes, France.,2 Agrocampus Ouest, UMR 1253 STLO, 85 Rue de Saint Brieuc, 35042 Rennes, France.,3 Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, 31270-901 MG, Brazil.,4 Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco, Av. José de Sá Maniçoba, S/N Centro, Petrolina, 56304-917 PE, Brazil
| | - L Rault
- 1 INRA, UMR 1253 STLO, 65 Rue de Saint-Brieuc, 35000 Rennes, France.,2 Agrocampus Ouest, UMR 1253 STLO, 85 Rue de Saint Brieuc, 35042 Rennes, France
| | - N Seyffert
- 3 Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, 31270-901 MG, Brazil
| | - V Azevedo
- 3 Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, 31270-901 MG, Brazil
| | - Y Le Loir
- 1 INRA, UMR 1253 STLO, 65 Rue de Saint-Brieuc, 35000 Rennes, France.,2 Agrocampus Ouest, UMR 1253 STLO, 85 Rue de Saint Brieuc, 35042 Rennes, France
| | - S Even
- 1 INRA, UMR 1253 STLO, 65 Rue de Saint-Brieuc, 35000 Rennes, France.,2 Agrocampus Ouest, UMR 1253 STLO, 85 Rue de Saint Brieuc, 35042 Rennes, France
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32
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Xin Y, Guo T, Mu Y, Kong J. Coupling the recombineering to Cre-lox system enables simplified large-scale genome deletion in Lactobacillus casei. Microb Cell Fact 2018; 17:21. [PMID: 29433512 PMCID: PMC5808424 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-018-0872-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lactobacillus casei is widely used in the dairy and pharmaceutical industries and a promising candidate for use as cell factories. Recently, genome sequencing and functional genomics provide the possibility for reducing L. casei genome. However, it was still limited by the inefficient and laborious genome deletion methods. Results Here, we proposed a genome minimization strategy based on LCABL_13040-50-60 recombineering and Cre-lox site-specific recombination system in L. casei. The LCABL_13040-50-60 recombineering system was used to introduce two lox sites (lox66 and lox71) into 5′ and 3′ ends of the targeted region. Subsequently, the targeted region was excised by Cre recombinase. The robustness of the strategy was demonstrated by single-deletion of a nonessential ~ 39.3 kb or an important ~ 12.8 kb region and simultaneous deletion of two non-continuous genome regions (5.2 and 6.6 kb) with 100% efficiency. Furthermore, a cyclical application of this strategy generated a double-deletion mutant of which 1.68% of the chromosome was sequentially excised. Moreover, biological features (including growth rate, electroporation efficiency, cell morphology or heterologous protein productivity) of these mutants were characterized. Conclusions To our knowledge, this strategy is the first instance of sequential deletion of large-scale genome regions in L. casei. We expected this efficient and inexpensive tool can help for rapid genome streamlining and generation restructured L. casei strains used as cell factories. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12934-018-0872-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongping Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 27 Shanda Nanlu, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 27 Shanda Nanlu, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingli Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 27 Shanda Nanlu, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 27 Shanda Nanlu, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China.
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Pérez-Ramos A, Werning ML, Prieto A, Russo P, Spano G, Mohedano ML, López P. Characterization of the Sorbitol Utilization Cluster of the Probiotic Pediococcus parvulus 2.6: Genetic, Functional and Complementation Studies in Heterologous Hosts. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:2393. [PMID: 29259592 PMCID: PMC5723342 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Pediococcus parvulus 2.6 secretes a 2-substituted (1,3)-β-D-glucan with prebiotic and immunomodulatory properties. It is synthesized by the GTF glycosyltransferase using UDP-glucose as substrate. Analysis of the P. parvulus 2.6 draft genome revealed the existence of a sorbitol utilization cluster of six genes (gutFRMCBA), whose products should be involved in sorbitol utilization and could generate substrates for UDP-glucose synthesis. Southern blot hybridization analysis showed that the cluster is located in a plasmid. Analysis of metabolic fluxes and production of the exopolysaccharide revealed that: (i) P. parvulus 2.6 is able to metabolize sorbitol, (ii) sorbitol utilization is repressed in the presence of glucose and (iii) sorbitol supports the synthesis of 2-substituted (1,3)-β-D-glucan. The sorbitol cluster encodes two putative regulators, GutR and GutM, in addition to a phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent phosphotransferase transport system and sorbitol-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. Therefore, we investigated the involvement of GutR and GutM in the expression of gutFRMCBA. The promoter-probe vector pRCR based on the mrfp gene, which encodes the fluorescence protein mCherry, was used to test the potential promoter of the cluster (P gut ) and the genes encoding the regulators. This was performed by transferring by electrotransformation the recombinant plasmids into two hosts, which metabolize sorbitol: Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus casei. Upon growth in the presence of sorbitol, but not of glucose, only the presence of P gut was required to support expression of mrfp in L. plantarum. In L. casei the presence of sorbitol in the growth medium and the pediococcal gutR or gutR plus gutM in the genome was required for P gut functionality. This demonstrates that: (i) P gut is required for expression of the gut cluster, (ii) P gut is subjected to catabolic repression in lactobacilli, (iii) GutR is an activator, and (iv) in the presence of sorbitol, trans-complementation for activation of P gut exists in L. plantarum but not in L. casei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Pérez-Ramos
- Biological Research Center (CIB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria L. Werning
- Biological Research Center (CIB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
- Center of Research and Transfer of Catamarca (CITCA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Catamarca, Argentina
| | - Alicia Prieto
- Biological Research Center (CIB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pasquale Russo
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Spano
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Mari L. Mohedano
- Biological Research Center (CIB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paloma López
- Biological Research Center (CIB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
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Alcántara C, Jadán-Piedra C, Vélez D, Devesa V, Zúñiga M, Monedero V. Characterization of the binding capacity of mercurial species in Lactobacillus strains. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2017; 97:5107-5113. [PMID: 28423187 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metal sequestration by bacteria has been proposed as a strategy to counteract metal contamination in foodstuffs. Lactobacilli can interact with metals, although studies with important foodborne metals such as inorganic [Hg(II)] or organic (CH3 Hg) mercury are lacking. Lactobacilli were evaluated for their potential to bind these contaminants and the nature of the interaction was assessed by the use of metal competitors, chemical and enzymatical treatments, and mutants affected in the cell wall structure. RESULTS Lactobacillus strains efficiently bound Hg(II) and CH3 Hg. Mercury binding by Lactobacillus casei BL23 was independent of cell viability. In BL23, both forms of mercury were cell wall bound. Their interaction was not inhibited by cations and it was resistant to chelating agents and protein digestion. Lactobacillus casei mutants affected in genes involved in the modulation of the negative charge of the cell wall anionic polymer lipoteichoic acid showed increased mercury biosorption. In these mutants, mercury toxicity was enhanced compared to wild-type bacteria. These data suggest that lipoteichoic acid itself or the physicochemical characteristics that it confers to the cell wall play a major role in mercury complexation. CONCLUSION This is the first example of the biosorption of Hg(II) and CH3 Hg in lactobacilli and it represents a first step towards their possible use as agents for diminishing mercury bioaccessibility from food at the gastrointestinal tract. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Alcántara
- Laboratory of Lactic Acid Bacteria and Probiotics, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA-CSIC), Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Carlos Jadán-Piedra
- Laboratory of Trace Elements, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA-CSIC), Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Dinoraz Vélez
- Laboratory of Trace Elements, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA-CSIC), Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Vicenta Devesa
- Laboratory of Trace Elements, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA-CSIC), Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Manuel Zúñiga
- Laboratory of Lactic Acid Bacteria and Probiotics, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA-CSIC), Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Vicente Monedero
- Laboratory of Lactic Acid Bacteria and Probiotics, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA-CSIC), Paterna, Valencia, Spain
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Domínguez Rubio AP, Martínez JH, Martínez Casillas DC, Coluccio Leskow F, Piuri M, Pérez OE. Lactobacillus casei BL23 Produces Microvesicles Carrying Proteins That Have Been Associated with Its Probiotic Effect. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1783. [PMID: 28979244 PMCID: PMC5611436 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Archaea, bacteria, and eukarya secrete membrane microvesicles (MVs) as a mechanism for intercellular communication. We report the isolation and characterization of MVs from the probiotic strain Lactobacillus casei BL23. MVs were characterized using analytical high performance techniques, DLS, AFM and TEM. Similar to what has been described for other Gram-positive bacteria, MVs were on the nanometric size range (30–50 nm). MVs carried cytoplasmic components such as DNA, RNA and proteins. Using a proteomic approach (LC-MS), we identified a total of 103 proteins; 13 exclusively present in the MVs. The MVs content included cell envelope associated and secretory proteins, heat and cold shock proteins, several metabolic enzymes, proteases, structural components of the ribosome, membrane transporters, cell wall-associated hydrolases and phage related proteins. In particular, we identified proteins described as mediators of Lactobacillus’ probiotic effects such as p40, p75 and the product of LCABL_31160, annotated as an adhesion protein. The presence of these proteins suggests a role for the MVs in the bacteria-gastrointestinal cells interface. The expression and further encapsulation of proteins into MVs of GRAS (Generally Recognized as Safe) bacteria could represent a scientific novelty, with applications in food, nutraceuticals and clinical therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Paula Domínguez Rubio
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos AiresBuenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y TécnicasBuenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jimena H Martínez
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos AiresBuenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y TécnicasBuenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Diana C Martínez Casillas
- Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Centro Nacional de Energía AtómicaBuenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Federico Coluccio Leskow
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos AiresBuenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y TécnicasBuenos Aires, Argentina.,Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Nacional de LujánBuenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariana Piuri
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos AiresBuenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y TécnicasBuenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Oscar E Pérez
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos AiresBuenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y TécnicasBuenos Aires, Argentina.,Departamento de Desarrollo Productivo y Tecnológico, Universidad Nacional de LanúsBuenos Aires, Argentina
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Lin Y, Krogh-Andersen K, Hammarström L, Marcotte H. Lactobacillus delivery of bioactive interleukin-22. Microb Cell Fact 2017; 16:148. [PMID: 28830549 PMCID: PMC5567760 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-017-0762-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interleukin-22 (IL-22) plays a prominent role in epithelial regeneration and dampening of chronic inflammatory responses by protecting intestinal stem cells from immune-mediated tissue damage. IL-22 has a considerable therapeutic potential in graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), which is a frequent and challenging complication following allogeneic stem cell transplantation. The aim of our study was to engineer Lactobacillus for delivery of IL-22 directly to the intestinal mucosa as a new therapeutic strategy for GVHD. RESULTS The secretion and surface anchoring of mouse IL-22 by Lactobacillus paracasei BL23 was demonstrated by Western blot and flow cytometry. Both secreted and anchored mouse IL-22 produced by Lactobacillus was biologically active, as determined by its ability to induce IL-10 secretion in the Colo 205 human colon cancer cell line. CONCLUSIONS We have demonstrated the secretion and surface anchoring of bioactive IL-22 by Lactobacillus. Our results suggest that IL-22 expressing lactobacilli may potentially be a useful mucosal therapeutic agent for the treatment of GVHD, provided that chromosomal integration of the IL-22 expression cassettes can be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Lin
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kasper Krogh-Andersen
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lennart Hammarström
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Harold Marcotte
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
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37
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Jadán-Piedra C, Alcántara C, Monedero V, Zúñiga M, Vélez D, Devesa V. The use of lactic acid bacteria to reduce mercury bioaccessibility. Food Chem 2017; 228:158-166. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.01.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Zaburlin D, Mercanti DJ, Quiberoni A. A fast PCR-based method for the characterization of prophage profiles in strains of the Lactobacillus casei group. J Virol Methods 2017; 248:226-233. [PMID: 28757387 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2017.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Lysogeny is widespread among Lactobacillus strains of the casei group (L. casei, L. paracasei and L. rhamnosus), and prophages account for most strain-specific DNA. Numerous PCR based methods have been developed to detect free phages of lactic acid bacteria, but they do not take in consideration prophages. In this study, a new PCR method for the detection of lysogeny was developed using genome sequences of L. casei group strains (including BL23) and bacteriophages. Nine pairs of primers were designed to selectively amplify the highly conserved prophage iA2 (pairs #1-#3) and fragments of two groups phages of temperate origin: CL1/CL2/iLp1308/iLp84 (pairs #4 and #5) and Lrm1/J-1/PL-1/A2/AT3/Lc-Nu (pairs #6 to #9). Forty-nine strains of the casei group were subjected to PCR. Strains containing remnants of lytic phages outnumbered those containing iA2-related prophages. The combination of pair #2, annealing on the terminase large subunit (TLS), and pair #3, annealing on the helicase (forward) and a non-coding region (reverse), showed the best diagnostic performance for iA2-like prophages. For the assessment of remnants of phages CL1/CL2/iLp1308/iLp84, pair #4 (annealing on the TLS) was preferred over pair #5 (portal protein). Detection of phages Lrm1/J-1/PL-1/A2/AT3/Lc-Nu was optimal with primers of pair #6, designed on non-coding regions of phage genomes; pair #6 also evidenced a high conservation of certain prophage remnants. Overall, our PCR-based method successfully detected and discriminated groups of prophages or remnants in L. casei group strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delfina Zaburlin
- Instituto de Lactología Industrial (Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas), Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Santiago del Estero 2829, 3000 Santa Fe, Argentina.
| | - Diego J Mercanti
- Instituto de Lactología Industrial (Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas), Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Santiago del Estero 2829, 3000 Santa Fe, Argentina.
| | - Andrea Quiberoni
- Instituto de Lactología Industrial (Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas), Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Santiago del Estero 2829, 3000 Santa Fe, Argentina.
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Kanyer AJ, Bornhorst GM, Marco ML, Bamforth CW. Is beer a source of prebiotics? JOURNAL OF THE INSTITUTE OF BREWING 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/jib.439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abigail J. Kanyer
- Department of Food Science and Technology; University of California; Davis CA 95616 United States of America
| | - Gail M. Bornhorst
- Department of Food Science and Technology; University of California; Davis CA 95616 United States of America
| | - Maria L. Marco
- Department of Food Science and Technology; University of California; Davis CA 95616 United States of America
| | - Charles W. Bamforth
- Department of Food Science and Technology; University of California; Davis CA 95616 United States of America
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40
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Miguel-Romero L, Casino P, Landete JM, Monedero V, Zúñiga M, Marina A. The malate sensing two-component system MaeKR is a non-canonical class of sensory complex for C4-dicarboxylates. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2708. [PMID: 28577341 PMCID: PMC5457438 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02900-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial colonization of different environments is enabled to a great extent by the plasticity of their sensory mechanisms, among them, the two-component signal transduction systems (TCS). Here, an example of TCS plasticity is presented: the regulation of L-malate catabolism via malic enzyme by MaeRK in Lactobacillales. MaeKR belongs to the citrate family of TCS as the Escherichia coli DcuSR system. We show that the Lactobacillus casei histidine-kinase MaeK is defective in autophosphorylation activity as it lacks a functional catalytic and ATP binding domain. The cognate response regulator MaeR was poorly phosphorylated at its phosphoacceptor Asp in vitro. This phosphorylation, however, enhanced MaeR binding in vitro to its target sites and it was required for induction of regulated genes in vivo. Elucidation of the MaeR structure revealed that response regulator dimerization is accomplished by the swapping of α4-β5-α5 elements between two monomers, generating a phosphoacceptor competent conformation. Sequence and phylogenetic analyses showed that the MaeKR peculiarities are not exclusive to L. casei as they are shared by the rest of orthologous systems of Lactobacillales. Our results reveal MaeKR as a non-canonical TCS displaying distinctive features: a swapped response regulator and a sensor histidine kinase lacking ATP-dependent kinase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Miguel-Romero
- Department of Genomic and Proteomic, Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia (IBV-CSIC), Jaume Roig 11, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - P Casino
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universitat de València, Dr Moliner 50, 46100, Burjassot, Spain.,Estructura de Recerca Interdisciplinar en Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (ERI BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, Dr Moliner 50, 46100, Burjassot, Spain
| | - J M Landete
- Departamento de Biotecnología de Alimentos, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA-CSIC), Av. Agustín Escardino 7, 46980, Paterna, Valencia, Spain.,Departamento de Tecnología de Alimentos, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Carretera de La Coruña Km 7.5, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - V Monedero
- Departamento de Biotecnología de Alimentos, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA-CSIC), Av. Agustín Escardino 7, 46980, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - M Zúñiga
- Departamento de Biotecnología de Alimentos, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA-CSIC), Av. Agustín Escardino 7, 46980, Paterna, Valencia, Spain.
| | - A Marina
- Department of Genomic and Proteomic, Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia (IBV-CSIC), Jaume Roig 11, 46010, Valencia, Spain. .,Group 739 of the Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) del Instituto de Salud Carlos III, -, Spain.
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41
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Maiga MA, Morin S, Bernard H, Rabot S, Adel-Patient K, Hazebrouck S. Neonatal mono-colonization of germ-free mice with Lactobacillus casei enhances casein immunogenicity after oral sensitization to cow's milk. Mol Nutr Food Res 2017; 61. [PMID: 28318108 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201600862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Food allergy is an increasing global health problem and perinatal administration of probiotic bacteria is currently under investigation in order to prevent the development of allergic diseases. Here, we investigated the impact of neonatal mono-colonization of mice with Lactobacillus casei BL23 on an oral sensitization to cow's milk. METHODS AND RESULTS Mono-colonized (LC) mice were obtained by inoculating L. casei to germ-free (GF) parents. Nine-week-old GF, LC, and conventional (CV) mice were orally sensitized to cow's milk with cholera toxin as adjuvant. Compared to GF and CV mice, LC mice developed higher casein-specific IgG responses. In contrast, no significant differences between GF and LC mice were observed for the humoral responses against whey proteins. Immunoblotting experiments performed on αS1-casein hydrolysates revealed the presence of small peptides immunoreactive with sera from LC mice but not from GF mice. After in vitro reactivation of splenocytes, secretion of IL-17 was higher in LC mice than in GF and CV mice. CONCLUSION Neonatal mono-colonization by L. casei BL23 modulated the allergic sensitization toward food antigens. Furthermore, our data suggest that casein-specific humoral responses in LC mice were enhanced because of casein hydrolysis by L. casei into immunogenic peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matieny Aicha Maiga
- UMR Service de Pharmacologie et d'Immunoanalyse, CEA, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Stéphanie Morin
- UMR Service de Pharmacologie et d'Immunoanalyse, CEA, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Hervé Bernard
- UMR Service de Pharmacologie et d'Immunoanalyse, CEA, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Sylvie Rabot
- Micalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Karine Adel-Patient
- UMR Service de Pharmacologie et d'Immunoanalyse, CEA, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Stéphane Hazebrouck
- UMR Service de Pharmacologie et d'Immunoanalyse, CEA, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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Homburg C, Bommer M, Wuttge S, Hobe C, Beck S, Dobbek H, Deutscher J, Licht A, Schneider E. Inducer exclusion in Firmicutes: insights into the regulation of a carbohydrate ATP binding cassette transporter from Lactobacillus casei BL23 by the signal transducing protein P-Ser46-HPr. Mol Microbiol 2017; 105:25-45. [PMID: 28370477 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.13680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Catabolite repression is a mechanism that enables bacteria to control carbon utilization. As part of this global regulatory network, components of the phosphoenolpyruvate:carbohydrate phosphotransferase system inhibit the uptake of less favorable sugars when a preferred carbon source such as glucose is available. This process is termed inducer exclusion. In bacteria belonging to the phylum Firmicutes, HPr, phosphorylated at serine 46 (P-Ser46-HPr) is the key player but its mode of action is elusive. To address this question at the level of purified protein components, we have chosen a homolog of the Escherichia coli maltose/maltodextrin ATP-binding cassette transporter from Lactobacillus casei (MalE1-MalF1G1K12 ) as a model system. We show that the solute binding protein, MalE1, binds linear and cyclic maltodextrins but not maltose. Crystal structures of MalE1 complexed with these sugars provide a clue why maltose is not a substrate. P-Ser46-HPr inhibited MalE1/maltotetraose-stimulated ATPase activity of the transporter incorporated in proteoliposomes. Furthermore, cross-linking experiments revealed that P-Ser46-HPr contacts the nucleotide-binding subunit, MalK1, in proximity to the Walker A motif. However, P-Ser46-HPr did not block binding of ATP to MalK1. Together, our findings provide first biochemical evidence that P-Ser-HPr arrests the transport cycle by preventing ATP hydrolysis at the MalK1 subunits of the transporter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constanze Homburg
- Institut für Biologie/Physiologie der Mikroorganismen, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, D-10099, Germany
| | - Martin Bommer
- Institut für Biologie/Strukturbiologie und Biochemie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, D-10099, Germany
| | - Steven Wuttge
- Institut für Biologie/Physiologie der Mikroorganismen, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, D-10099, Germany
| | - Carolin Hobe
- Institut für Biologie/Physiologie der Mikroorganismen, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, D-10099, Germany
| | - Sebastian Beck
- Institut für Chemie/Angewandte Analytik und Umweltchemie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, D-10099, Germany
| | - Holger Dobbek
- Institut für Biologie/Strukturbiologie und Biochemie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, D-10099, Germany
| | - Josef Deutscher
- Micalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, F-78350, France.,Expression Génétique Microbienne, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR8261, Paris, F-75005, France
| | - Anke Licht
- Institut für Biologie/Physiologie der Mikroorganismen, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, D-10099, Germany
| | - Erwin Schneider
- Institut für Biologie/Physiologie der Mikroorganismen, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, D-10099, Germany
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Contribution of sortase SrtA2 to Lactobacillus casei BL23 inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus internalization into bovine mammary epithelial cells. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0174060. [PMID: 28323870 PMCID: PMC5360332 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotics have been considered as a promising strategy to prevent various diseases in both humans and animals. This approach has gained interest in recent years as a potential means to control bovine mastitis. In a previous study, we found that several L. casei strains, including BL23, were able to inhibit the internalization of S. aureus, a major etiologic agent of mastitis, into bovine mammary epithelial cells (bMEC). This antagonism required a direct contact between L. casei and bMEC or S. aureus, suggesting the inhibition relied on interactions between L. casei cell surface components and bMEC. In this study, we have investigated the impact of some candidates which likely influence bacteria host cell interactions. We have shown that L. casei BL23 fbpA retained its inhibitory potential, indicating that L. casei BL23 antagonism did not rely (solely) on competition between S. aureus and L. casei fibronectin-binding proteins for adhesion to bMEC. We have then investigated the impact of four sortase mutants, srtA1, srtA2, srtC1 and srtC2, and a double mutant (srtA1-srtA2) on L. casei BL23 inhibitory potential. Sortases are responsible for the anchoring on the bacterial cell wall of LPXTG-proteins, which reportedly play an important role in bacteria-host cell interaction. All the srt mutants tested presented a reduced inhibition capacity, the most pronounced effect being observed with the srtA2 mutant. A lower internalization capacity of L. casei srtA2 into bMEC was also observed. This was associated with several changes at the surface of L. casei BL23 srtA2 compared to the wild type (wt) strain, including altered abundance of some LPXTG- and moonlighting proteins, and modifications of cell wall structure. These results strongly support the role of sortase A2 in L. casei BL23 inhibition against S. aureus internalization. Deciphering the contribution of the cell surface components altered in srtA2 strain in the inhibition will require further investigation.
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Structural studies of the rhamnose-rich cell wall polysaccharide of Lactobacillus casei BL23. Carbohydr Res 2016; 435:156-161. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2016.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Revised: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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45
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Serata M, Kiwaki M, Iino T. Functional analysis of a novel hydrogen peroxide resistance gene in Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2016; 162:1885-1894. [PMID: 27692041 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.000379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria have a variety of mechanisms for tolerance to oxygen and reactive oxygen species, and these mechanisms differ among species. Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota grows well under aerobic conditions, indicating that the various systems involved in oxidative stress resistance function in this strain. To elucidate the mechanism of oxidative stress resistance in L. casei strain Shirota, we examined the transcriptome response to oxygen or hydrogen peroxide exposure. We then focused on an uncharacterized gene that was found to be up-regulated by both oxygen and hydrogen peroxide stress; we named the gene hprA1 (hydrogen peroxide resistance gene). This gene is widely distributed among lactobacilli. We investigated the involvement of this gene in oxidative stress resistance, as well as the mechanism of tolerance to hydrogen peroxide. Growth of L. casei MS105, an hprA1-disrupted mutant, was not affected by oxygen stress, whereas the survival rate of MS105 after hydrogen peroxide treatment was markedly reduced compared to that of the wild-type. However, the activity of MS105 in eliminating hydrogen peroxide was similar to that of the wild-type. We cloned hprA1 from L. caseiShirota and purified recombinant HprA1 protein from Escherichia coli. We demonstrated that the recombinant HprA1 protein bound to iron and prevented the formation of a hydroxyl radical in vitro. Thus, HprA1 protein probably contributes to hydrogen peroxide tolerance in L. casei strain Shirota by binding to iron in the cells and preventing the formation of a hydroxyl radical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Serata
- Yakult Central Institute, 5-11 Izumi, Kunitachi-shi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mayumi Kiwaki
- Yakult Central Institute, 5-11 Izumi, Kunitachi-shi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tohru Iino
- Yakult Central Institute, 5-11 Izumi, Kunitachi-shi, Tokyo, Japan
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Lin Y, Krogh-Andersen K, Pelletier J, Marcotte H, Östenson CG, Hammarström L. Oral Delivery of Pentameric Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 by Recombinant Lactobacillus in Diabetic Rats. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0162733. [PMID: 27610615 PMCID: PMC5017604 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is an incretin hormone produced by intestinal cells and stimulates insulin secretion from the pancreas in a glucose-dependent manner. Exogenously supplied GLP-1 analogues are used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. An anti-diabetic effect of Lactobacillus in lowering plasma glucose levels and its use as a vehicle for delivery of protein and antibody fragments has been shown previously. The aim of this study was to employ lactobacilli as a vehicle for in situ production and delivery of GLP-1 analogue to normalize blood glucose level in diabetic GK (Goto-Kakizaki) rats. In this study, we designed pentameric GLP-1 (5×GLP-1) analogues which were both expressed in a secreted form and anchored to the surface of lactobacilli. Intestinal trypsin sites were introduced within 5×GLP-1, leading to digestion of the pentamer into an active monomeric form. The E. coli-produced 5×GLP-1 peptides delivered by intestinal intubation to GK rats resulted in a significant improvement of glycemic control demonstrated by an intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test. Meanwhile, the purified 5×GLP-1 (trypsin-digested) from the Lactobacillus cultures stimulated insulin secretion from HIT-T15 cells, similar to the E. coli-produced 5×GLP-1 peptides. When delivered by gavage to GK rats, non-expressor L. paracasei significantly lowered the blood glucose level but 5×GLP-1 expression did not provide an additional anti-diabetic effect, possibly due to the low levels produced. Our results indicate that lactobacilli themselves might be used as an alternative treatment method for type 2 diabetes, but further work is needed to increase the expression level of GLP-1 by lactobacilli in order to obtain a significant insulinotropic effect in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Lin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, SE-141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kasper Krogh-Andersen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, SE-141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Julien Pelletier
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Rolf Luft Research Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, M1:03 Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm SE-17176, Sweden
| | - Harold Marcotte
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, SE-141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Claes-Göran Östenson
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Rolf Luft Research Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, M1:03 Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm SE-17176, Sweden
| | - Lennart Hammarström
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, SE-141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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Lactobacillus casei BL23 regulates Treg and Th17 T-cell populations and reduces DMH-associated colorectal cancer. J Gastroenterol 2016; 51:862-73. [PMID: 26749362 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-015-1158-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic intestinal inflammation alters host physiology and could lead to colorectal cancer (CRC). We have previously reported beneficial effects of the probiotic strain of Lactobacillus casei BL23 in different murine models of intestinal inflammation. In addition, there is an emerging interest on the potential beneficial effects of probiotics to treat CRC. We thus explored whether L. casei BL23 displays protective effects on CRC. METHODS Mice were subcutaneously injected with 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) weekly during 10 weeks and orally administered with L. casei BL23 in the drinking water until the 10th week. Multiple plaque lesions in the large intestine were observed macroscopically and counted and intestinal tissues were also histologically analyzed. Finally, T-cell populations and cytokine production were evaluated after co-incubation of L. casei BL23 with spleen cells from non-treated mice to determine the immuno-modulatory effects of this bacterium. RESULTS Our results show that oral treatment with this probiotic bacterium modulates host immune responses and significantly protect mice against DMH-induced CRC. This protection may be associated with the modulation of regulatory T-cells towards a Th17-biased immune response accompanied by the expression of regulatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-17, IL-10 and TGF-β), as demonstrated in L. casei BL23-treated splenocytes, but also with the colonic expression of IL-22 observed in vivo on L. casei BL23-treated mice; suggesting the induction of a fine-tune Th17-biased response. CONCLUSIONS Altogether our results reveal the high potential of L. casei BL23 to treat CRC and opens new frontiers for the study of immunomodulatory functions of probiotics.
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Proteomic analysis of an engineered isolate of Lactobacillus plantarum with enhanced raffinose metabolic capacity. Sci Rep 2016; 6:31403. [PMID: 27510766 PMCID: PMC4980766 DOI: 10.1038/srep31403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria that can produce alpha-galactosidase are a promising solution for improving the nutritional value of soy-derived products. For their commercial use in the manufacturing process, it is essential to understand the catabolic mechanisms that facilitate their growth and performance. In this study, we used comparative proteomic analysis to compare catabolism in an engineered isolate of Lactobacillus plantarum P-8 with enhanced raffinose metabolic capacity, with the parent (or wild-type) isolate from which it was derived. When growing on semi-defined medium with raffinose, a total of one hundred and twenty-five proteins were significantly up-regulated (>1.5 fold, P < 0.05) in the engineered isolate, whilst and one hundred and six proteins were significantly down-regulated (<−1.5 fold, P < 0.05). During the late stages of growth, the engineered isolate was able to utilise alternative carbohydrates such as sorbitol instead of raffinose to sustain cell division. To avoid acid damage the cell layer of the engineered isolate altered through a combination of de novo fatty acid biosynthesis and modification of existing lipid membrane phospholipid acyl chains. Interestingly, aspartate and glutamate metabolism was associated with this acid response. Higher intracellular aspartate and glutamate levels in the engineered isolate compared with the parent isolate were confirmed by further chemical analysis. Our study will underpin the future use of this engineered isolate in the manufacture of soymilk products.
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Characterization of prophages containing "evolved" Dit/Tal modules in the genome of Lactobacillus casei BL23. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 100:9201-9215. [PMID: 27448399 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7727-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Revised: 06/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have many applications in food and industrial fermentations. Prophage induction and generation of new virulent phages is a risk for the dairy industry. We identified three complete prophages (PLE1, PLE2, and PLE3) in the genome of the well-studied probiotic strain Lactobacillus casei BL23. All of them have mosaic architectures with homologous sequences to Streptococcus, Lactococcus, Lactobacillus, and Listeria phages or strains. Using a combination of quantitative real-time PCR, genomics, and proteomics, we showed that PLE2 and PLE3 can be induced-but with different kinetics-in the presence of mitomycin C, although PLE1 remains as a prophage. A structural analysis of the distal tail (Dit) and tail associated lysin (Tal) baseplate proteins of these prophages and other L. casei/paracasei phages and prophages provides evidence that carbohydrate-binding modules (CBM) located within these "evolved" proteins may replace receptor binding proteins (RBPs) present in other well-studied LAB phages. The detailed study of prophage induction in this prototype strain in combination with characterization of the proteins involved in host recognition will facilitate the design of new strategies for avoiding phage propagation in the dairy industry.
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Peralta GH, Bergamini CV, Hynes ER. Aminotransferase and glutamate dehydrogenase activities in lactobacilli and streptococci. Braz J Microbiol 2016; 47:741-8. [PMID: 27266631 PMCID: PMC4927640 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjm.2016.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aminotransferases and glutamate dehydrogenase are two main types of enzymes involved in the initial steps of amino acid catabolism, which plays a key role in the cheese flavor development. In the present work, glutamate dehydrogenase and aminotransferase activities were screened in twenty one strains of lactic acid bacteria of dairy interest, either cheese-isolated or commercial starters, including fifteen mesophilic lactobacilli, four thermophilic lactobacilli, and two streptococci. The strains of Streptococcus thermophilus showed the highest glutamate dehydrogenase activity, which was significantly elevated compared with the lactobacilli. Aspartate aminotransferase prevailed in most strains tested, while the levels and specificity of other aminotransferases were highly strain- and species-dependent. The knowledge of enzymatic profiles of these starter and cheese-isolated cultures is helpful in proposing appropriate combinations of strains for improved or increased cheese flavor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Hugo Peralta
- Institute of Industrial Lactology, National University of Litoral, National Council of Scientific and Technique Research (INLAIN-UNL/CONICET), Santiago del Estero, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Carina Viviana Bergamini
- Institute of Industrial Lactology, National University of Litoral, National Council of Scientific and Technique Research (INLAIN-UNL/CONICET), Santiago del Estero, Santa Fe, Argentina; Faculty of Chemical Engineering, National University of Litoral (FIQ-UNL), Santiago del Estero, Santa Fe, Argentina.
| | - Erica Rut Hynes
- Institute of Industrial Lactology, National University of Litoral, National Council of Scientific and Technique Research (INLAIN-UNL/CONICET), Santiago del Estero, Santa Fe, Argentina; Faculty of Chemical Engineering, National University of Litoral (FIQ-UNL), Santiago del Estero, Santa Fe, Argentina
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