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Li Q, Cui Y, Wang Z, Li Y, Yang H. Toxicity assessment of dioxins and their transformation by-products from inferred degradation pathways. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 937:173416. [PMID: 38795989 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
Due to the significant POPs characteristics, dioxins caused concern in public health and environmental protection. Evaluating the toxicity risk of dioxin degradation pathways is critical. OCDD, 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDD, and 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDF, which are highly abundant in the environment and have strong biodegradation capabilities, were selected as precursor molecules in this study. Firstly, their transformation pathways were deduced during the metabolism of biometabolism, microbial aerobic, microbial anaerobic, and photodegradation pathways, and density function theory (DFT) was used to calculate the Gibbs free energy to infer the possibility of the occurrence of the transformation pathway. Secondly, the carcinogenic potential of the precursors and their degradation products was evaluated using the TOPKAT modeling method. With the help of the positive indicator (0-1) normalization method and heat map analysis, a significant increase in the toxic effect of some of the transformation products was found, and it was inferred that it was related to the structure of the transformation products. Meanwhile, the strength of the endocrine disrupting effect of dioxin transformation products was quantitatively assessed using molecular docking and subjective assignment methods, and it was found that dioxin transformation products with a higher content of chlorine atoms and molecules similar to those of thyroid hormones exhibited a higher risk of endocrine disruption. Finally, the environmental health risks caused by each degradation pathway were comprehensively assessed with the help of the negative indicator (1-2) standardization method, which provides a theoretical basis for avoiding the toxicity risks caused by dioxin degradation transformation. In addition, the 3D-QSAR model was used to verify the necessity and rationality of this study. This paper provides theoretical support and reference significance for the toxicity assessment of dioxin degradation by-products from inferred degradation pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China.
| | - Yuhan Cui
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China.
| | - Zhonghe Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yu Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Hao Yang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China.
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2
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Latent potentials of the white-rot basidiomycete Phanerochaete chrysosporium responsible for sesquiterpene metabolism: CYP5158A1 and CYP5144C8 decorate (E)-α-bisabolene. Enzyme Microb Technol 2022; 158:110037. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2022.110037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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3
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Kaewlaoyoong A, Chen JR, Cheng CY, Lin C, Cheruiyot NK, Sriprom P. Innovative mycoremediation technique for treating unsterilized PCDD/F-contaminated field soil and the exploration of chlorinated metabolites. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 289:117869. [PMID: 34388555 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Mycoremediation of unsterilized PCDD/F-contaminated field soil was successfully demonstrated by solid-state fermentation coupled with Pleurotus pulmonarius utilizing a patented incubation approach. The experiments were carried out in four setups with two as controls. The contaminated soil was homogenously mixed with solid inocula, 1:0.5 dry w/w, resulting in an initial concentration of 4432 ± 623 ng WHO-TEQ kg-1. After a 30-day incubation under controlled conditions, the overall removal (approx. 60%) was non-specific. The removal was attributed to degradation by extracellular ligninolytic enzymes and uptake into the fruiting tissue (~110 ng WHO-TEQ kg-1 of mushroom). Furthermore, less recalcitrant chlorinated metabolites were found, implying ether bond cleavage and dechlorination happened during the mycoremediation. These metabolites resulted from the complex interaction between P. pulmonarius and the indigenous microbes from the unsterilized soil. This study provides a new step toward scaling up this mycoremediation technique to treat unsterilized PCDD/F-contaminated field soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Acharee Kaewlaoyoong
- Department of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, 82445, Taiwan; Research Center for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
| | - Jenq-Renn Chen
- Department of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, 82445, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yu Cheng
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, 81157, Taiwan
| | - Chitsan Lin
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, 81157, Taiwan.
| | - Nicholas Kiprotich Cheruiyot
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, 81157, Taiwan
| | - Pongsert Sriprom
- Program of Food Process Engineering, Faculty of Food Industry, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok, 10520, Thailand
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Dao ATN, Smits M, Dang HTC, Brouwer A, de Boer TE. Elucidating fungal Rigidoporus species FMD21 lignin-modifying enzyme genes and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin degradation by laccase isozymes. Enzyme Microb Technol 2021; 147:109800. [PMID: 33992406 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2021.109800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
White-rot fungus Rigidoporus sp. FMD21 is a lignin-modifying enzyme producing fungus that can degrade dioxin. Extracellular enzymes from FMD21 include laccase and manganese peroxidase which are promising enzymes for myco-remediation because of their wide substrate specificity and mild catalysis conditions. The FMD21 genome was sequenced using Ion Torrent technology and consists of 38.98 Mbps with a GC content of 47.4 %. Gene prediction using Augustus with Basidiomycota reference setting resulted in 8245 genes. Functional gene annotations were carried out by using several programs and databases. We focused on laccase and ligninolytic peroxidase genes, which are most likely involved in the degradation of aromatic pollutants. The genome of FMD21 contains 12 predicted laccase genes (10 out of 12 predicted as full length) and 13 putative ligninolytic peroxidases which were annotated as MnP or versatile peroxidases. Four predicted laccases showed a higher than 65 % binding chance to 2,3,7,8-TCDD with the highest at 72 % in in silico docking analysis. Heterologous expressed laccases showed activity towards three tested substrates included ABTS, guaiacol and 2,6-DMP. ABTS displayed two-stage oxidation which differed from natural FMD21 laccases. 2,3,7,8-TCDD was degraded by 50 % after two weeks of enzymatic treatment by three out of five laccase isozymes which were natural laccases secreted by FMD21. In this study, we provide direct evidence for the 2,3,7,8-TCDD biodegradation capability of fungal laccases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anh T N Dao
- MicroLife Solutions, Science Park 406, 1098XH, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Viet Nam; Department of Ecological Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam. De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Miriam Smits
- MicroLife Solutions, Science Park 406, 1098XH, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ha T C Dang
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Abraham Brouwer
- MicroLife Solutions, Science Park 406, 1098XH, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Ecological Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam. De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; BioDetection Systems, Science Park 406, 1098XH, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tjalf E de Boer
- MicroLife Solutions, Science Park 406, 1098XH, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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Dao ATN, Loenen SJ, Swart K, Dang HTC, Brouwer A, de Boer TE. Characterization of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin biodegradation by extracellular lignin-modifying enzymes from ligninolytic fungus. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 263:128280. [PMID: 33297224 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Ligninolytic fungi secrete extracellular lignin-modifying enzymes (LME) that degrade plant polymers for fungal nutrition but that are, because of their broad substrate specificity, also applicable for the degradation of many hazardous pollutants. Laccase is one of the most well characterized LME and is involved in the removal and degradation of recalcitrant aromatic compounds with or without the assistance of laccase-mediators. The Ligninolytic fungus Rigidoporus sp. FMD21 can degrade 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (2,3,7,8-TCDD) with a half-life of 6.2 days. Using Rigidoporus sp. FMD21 crude extracellular enzyme extract (ExE) that mainly consisted of laccase, 77.4% of 2,3,7,8-TCDD was degraded within 36 days. The degradation rate did not depend on the 2,3,7,8-TCDD concentration in the tested range between 0.005 and 0.5 pgTEQ/μL. 2,3,7,8-TCDD was analysed by DR-CALUX® bioassay and the degradation was confirmed by GC-HRMS. In this study, we found evidence for cleavage of the diaryl ether bond in the 2,3,7,8-TCDD molecule and here we propose a new degradation mechanism in which 3,4-dichlorophenol is the main metabolite of 2,3,7,8-TCDD degradation by FMD21's ExE. Six laccase-mediators were tested. Three of them 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (HBT), syringaldehyde (Syr) and violuric acid (Vio) showed an equipotent added effect on 2,3,7,8-TCDD degradation by ExE, however only in case of Vio a level of significance was reached. The others showed no effect or negatively impacted degradation. In conclusion, we have shown that Rigidoporus sp. FMD21 produces extracellular enzymes, mainly laccases that apparently are able to degrade the highly recalcitrant and most toxic 2,3,7,8-congener of TCDD via diaryl bond cleavage into 3,4-dichlorophenol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anh T N Dao
- MicroLife Solutions, Science Park 406, 1098XH, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Cau Giay, Hanoi, Asia; Department of Ecological Science, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sander J Loenen
- MicroLife Solutions, Science Park 406, 1098XH, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Kees Swart
- BioDetection Systems, Science Park 406, 1098XH, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ha T C Dang
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Cau Giay, Hanoi, Asia
| | - Abraham Brouwer
- MicroLife Solutions, Science Park 406, 1098XH, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Ecological Science, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; BioDetection Systems, Science Park 406, 1098XH, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tjalf E de Boer
- MicroLife Solutions, Science Park 406, 1098XH, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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Zaccaria M, Dawson W, Cristiglio V, Reverberi M, Ratcliff LE, Nakajima T, Genovese L, Momeni B. Designing a bioremediator: mechanistic models guide cellular and molecular specialization. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2020; 62:98-105. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2019.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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7
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Nair R, Santosh W, Seetharaman B. Enhanced Biosynthesis of Laccase and Concomitant Degradation of 2, 3-Dichlorodibenzo-p-Dioxin by Pleurotus florid. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.17485/ijst/2018/v11i25/126630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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8
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Role of Mushroom Fungi in Decolourization of Industrial Dyes and Degradation of Agrochemicals. Fungal Biol 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-02622-6_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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10
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Analytical characterization, occurrence, transformation, and removal of the emerging disinfection byproducts halobenzoquinones in water. Trends Analyt Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2016.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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11
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Hori C, Cullen D. Prospects for Bioprocess Development Based on Recent Genome Advances in Lignocellulose Degrading Basidiomycetes. Fungal Biol 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-27951-0_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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12
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Golan-Rozen N, Seiwert B, Riemenschneider C, Reemtsma T, Chefetz B, Hadar Y. Transformation Pathways of the Recalcitrant Pharmaceutical Compound Carbamazepine by the White-Rot Fungus Pleurotus ostreatus: Effects of Growth Conditions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:12351-62. [PMID: 26418858 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b02222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The widely used anticonvulsant pharmaceutical carbamazepine is recalcitrant in many environmental niches and thus poses a challenge in wastewater treatment. We followed the decomposition of carbamazepine by the white-rot fungus Pleurotus ostreatus in liquid culture compared to solid-state fermentation on lignocellulosic substrate where different enzymatic systems are active. Carbamazepine metabolites were identified using liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-Q-TOF-MS). In liquid culture, carbamazepine was only transformed to 10,11-epoxy carbamazepine and 10,11-dihydroxy carbamazepine as a dead-end product. During solid-state fermentation, carbamazepine metabolism resulted in the generation of an additional 22 transformation products, some of which are toxic. Under solid-state-fermentation conditions, 10,11-epoxy carbamazepine was further metabolized via acridine and 10,11-dihydroxy carbamazepine pathways. The latter was further metabolized via five subpathways. When (14)C-carbonyl-labeled carbamazepine was used as the substrate, (14)C-CO2 release amounted to 17.4% of the initial radioactivity after 63 days of incubation. The proposed pathways were validated using metabolites (10,11-epoxy carbamazepine, 10,11-dihydroxy carbamazepine, and acridine) as primary substrates and following their fate at different time points. This work highlights the effect of growth conditions on the transformation pathways of xenobiotics. A better understanding of the fate of pollutants during bioremediation treatments is important for establishment of such technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bettina Seiwert
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ , Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christina Riemenschneider
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ , Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thorsten Reemtsma
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ , Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
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Cloning and Homologous Expression of Novel Lignin Peroxidase Genes in the White-Rot FungusPhanerochaete sordidaYK-624. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 73:1793-8. [DOI: 10.1271/bbb.90152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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14
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Kirita M, Tanaka Y, Tagashira M, Kanda T, Maeda-Yamamoto M. Purification and characterization of a novel O-methyltransferase from Flammulina velutipes. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 78:806-11. [DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2014.912117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
An enzyme catalyzing the methylation of phenolic hydroxyl groups in polyphenols was identified from mycelial cultures of edible mushrooms to synthesize O-methylated polyphenols. Enzyme activity was measured to assess whether methyl groups were introduced into (−)-epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate (EGCG) using SAM as a methyl donor, and (−)-epigallocatechin-3-O-(3-O-methyl)-gallate (EGCG3″Me), (−)-epigallocatechin-3-O-(4-O-methyl)-gallate (EGCG4″Me), and (−)-epigallocatechin-3-O-(3,5-O-dimethyl)-gallate (EGCG3″,5″diMe) peaks were detected using crude enzyme preparations from mycelial cultures of Flammulina velutipes. The enzyme was purified using chromatographic and two-dimensional electrophoresis. The purified enzyme was subsequently analyzed on the basis of the partial amino acid sequence using LC–MS/MS. Partial amino acid sequencing identified the 17 and 12 amino acid sequences, VLEVGTLGGYSTTWLAR and TGGIIIVDNVVR. In database searches, these sequences showed high identity with O-methyltransferases from other mushroom species and completely matched 11 of 17 and 9 of 12 amino acids from five other mushroom O-methyltransferases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanobu Kirita
- Research & Development-Production Headquarters, Asahi Breweries Limited, Moriya-shi, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Tanaka
- Research & Development-Production Headquarters, Asahi Breweries Limited, Moriya-shi, Japan
| | - Motoyuki Tagashira
- Research & Development-Production Headquarters, Asahi Breweries Limited, Moriya-shi, Japan
| | - Tomomasa Kanda
- Research & Development-Production Headquarters, Asahi Breweries Limited, Moriya-shi, Japan
| | - Mari Maeda-Yamamoto
- National Food Research Institute, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba-shi, Japan
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Enzymatic Degradation of Monocrotophos by Extracellular Fungal OP Hydrolases. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2013; 171:1473-86. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-013-0438-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2013] [Accepted: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Sakamoto T, Honda Y, Kameshita I, Suzuki K, Irie T. Isolation and heterologous expression of the Phanerochaete chrysosporium calmodulin gene. MYCOSCIENCE 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.myc.2012.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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17
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Saeed A, Iqbal M. Loofa (Luffa cylindrica) sponge: Review of development of the biomatrix as a tool for biotechnological applications. Biotechnol Prog 2013; 29:573-600. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.1702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2012] [Revised: 11/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Asma Saeed
- Environmental Biotechnology Group; Biotechnology and Food Research Centre; Lahore 54600 Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Iqbal
- Environmental Biotechnology Group; Biotechnology and Food Research Centre; Lahore 54600 Pakistan
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Sakaki T, Yamamoto K, Ikushiro S. Possibility of application of cytochrome P450 to bioremediation of dioxins. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2013; 60:65-70. [PMID: 23586993 DOI: 10.1002/bab.1067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2012] [Accepted: 11/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Dioxins, including polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), dibenzofurans, and coplanar polychlorinated biphenyls, are known to be metabolized by enzymes such as cytochrome (CYP) P450, angular dioxygenase, lignin peroxidase, and dehalogenase. It is noted that all of these enzymes have metal ions in their active centers, and the enzyme systems except for peroxidase each have a distinct electron transport chain. Among these enzyme systems, we have focused on cytochrome P450-dependent metabolism of dioxins from the viewpoint of practical use for bioremediation. Mammalian and fungal cytochromes P450 showed remarkable activity toward low-chlorinated PCDDs. In particular, mammalian cytochromes P450 belonging to the CYP1 family showed high activity. Rat CYP1A1 showed high activity toward 2,3,7-trichloro-dibenzo-p-dioxin but no detectable activity for 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro-dibenzo-p-dioxin (2,3,7,8-TCDD). On the basis of these results, we assumed that enlarging the space of the substrate-binding pocket of rat CYP1A1 might generate TCDD-metabolizing enzyme. Large-sized amino acids located at putative substrate-recognition sites and F-G loop were substituted for alanine by site-directed mutagenesis. Finally, we successfully generated 2,3,7,8-TCDD-metabolizing enzyme by site-directed mutagenesis of rat CYP1A1. We hope that recombinant microorganisms harboring genetically engineered cytochrome P450 will be used for bioremediation of soil contaminated with PCDDs, polychlorinated dibenzofurans, and coplanar polychlorinated biphenyls in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiyuki Sakaki
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University, Imizu, Toyama, Japan.
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Ichinose H. Cytochrome P450 of wood-rotting basidiomycetes and biotechnological applications. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2013; 60:71-81. [PMID: 23586994 DOI: 10.1002/bab.1061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2012] [Accepted: 11/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Wood-rotting basidiomycetes possess superior metabolic functions to degrade woody biomass, and these activities are indispensable for the carbon cycle of the biosphere. As well as basic studies of the biochemistry of basidiomycetes, many researchers have been focusing on utilizing basidiomycetes and/or their enzymes in the biotechnology sector; therefore, the unique activities of their extracellular and intracellular enzymes have been widely demonstrated. A rich history of applied study has established that basidiomycetes are capable of metabolizing a series of endogeneous and exogeneous compounds using cytochrome P450s (P450s). Recently, whole genome sequence analyses have revealed large-scale divergences in basidiomycetous P450s. The tremendous variation in P450s implies that basidiomycetes have vigorously diversified monooxygenase functions to acquire metabolic adaptations such as lignin degradation, secondary metabolite production, and xenobiotics detoxification. However, fungal P450s discovered from genome projects are often categorized into novel families and subfamilies, making it difficult to predict catalytic functions by sequence comparison. Experimental screening therefore remains essential to elucidate the catalytic potential of individual P450s, even in this postgenomic era. This paper archives the known metabolic capabilities of basidiomycetes, focusing on their P450s, outlines the molecular diversity of basidiomycetous P450s, and introduces new functions revealed by functionomic studies using a recently developed, rapid, functional screening system.
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Degradation of Chloro-organic Pollutants by White Rot Fungi. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-23789-8_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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21
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Hong CY, Gwak KS, Lee SY, Kim SH, Jeong HS, Choi IG. Ceriporia sp. ZLY-2010 in Biodegradation of Polychlorinated Biphenyls : Extracellular Enzymes Production and Effects of Cytochrome P450 Monooxygenase. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.5658/wood.2011.39.6.469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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22
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Insight into functional diversity of cytochrome P450 in the white-rot basidiomycete Phanerochaete chrysosporium: Involvement of versatile monooxygenase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2011; 407:118-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.02.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2011] [Accepted: 02/24/2011] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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23
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Harms H, Schlosser D, Wick LY. Untapped potential: exploiting fungi in bioremediation of hazardous chemicals. Nat Rev Microbiol 2011; 9:177-92. [PMID: 21297669 DOI: 10.1038/nrmicro2519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 509] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Magan N, Fragoeiro S, Bastos C. Environmental factors and bioremediation of xenobiotics using white rot fungi. MYCOBIOLOGY 2010; 38:238-48. [PMID: 23956663 PMCID: PMC3741516 DOI: 10.4489/myco.2010.38.4.238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2010] [Accepted: 11/24/2010] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
This review provides background information on the importance of bioremediation approaches. It describes the roles of fungi, specifically white rot fungi, and their extracellular enzymes, laccases, ligninases, and peroxidises, in the degradation of xenobiotic compounds such as single and mixtures of pesticides. We discuss the importance of abiotic factors such as water potential, temperature, and pH stress when considering an environmental screening approach, and examples are provided of the differential effect of white rot fungi on the degradation of single and mixtures of pesticides using fungi such as Trametes versicolor and Phanerochaete chrysosporium. We also explore the formulation and delivery of fungal bioremedial inoculants to terrestrial ecosystems as well as the use of spent mushroom compost as an approach. Future areas for research and potential exploitation of new techniques are also considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naresh Magan
- Applied Mycology Group, Cranfield Health, Cranfield University, Bedford MK43 0AL, UK
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Kamei I, Takagi K, Kondo R. Bioconversion of dieldrin by wood-rotting fungi and metabolite detection. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2010; 66:888-891. [PMID: 20602524 DOI: 10.1002/ps.1958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dieldrin is one of the most persistent organochlorine pesticides, listed as one of the 12 persistent organic pollutants in the Stockholm Convention. Although microbial degradation is an effective way to remediate environmental pollutants, reports on aerobic microbial degradation of dieldrin are limited. Wood-rotting fungi can degrade a wide spectrum of recalcitrant organopollutants, and an attempt has been made to select wood-rotting fungi that can degrade dieldrin, and to identify the metabolite. RESULTS Thirty-four isolates of wood-rotting fungi were investigated for their ability to degrade dieldrin. Strain YK543 degraded 39.1 +/- 8.8% of dieldrin during 30 days of incubation. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that strain YK543 was closely related to the fungus Phlebia brevispora Nakasone TMIC33929, which has been reported as a fungus that can degrade chlorinated dioxins and polychlorinated biphenyls. 9-Hydroxydieldrin was detected as a metabolite in the cultures of strain YK543. CONCLUSION It is important to select the microorganisms that degrade organic pollutants, and to identify the metabolic pathway for the development of bioremediation methods. Strain YK543 was selected as a fungus capable of degrading dieldrin. The metabolic pathway includes 9-hydroxylation reported in rat's metabolism catalysed by liver microsomal monooxygenase. This is the first report of transformation of dieldrin to 9-hydroxydieldrin by a microorganism.
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Enzyme systems for biodegradation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2010; 88:23-30. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-010-2765-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2010] [Revised: 07/05/2010] [Accepted: 07/05/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Brown JA, Li D, Alic M, Gold MH. Heat Shock Induction of Manganese Peroxidase Gene Transcription in Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Appl Environ Microbiol 2010; 59:4295-9. [PMID: 16349125 PMCID: PMC195899 DOI: 10.1128/aem.59.12.4295-4299.1993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The expression of manganese peroxidase (MnP) in nitrogen-limited cultures of Phanerochaete chrysosporium is regulated by heat shock at the level of gene transcription. Nitrogen limitation and manganous ion [Mn(II)] previously have been shown to regulate mnp gene transcription. Northern (RNA) blot analysis demonstrates that 45 degrees C heat shock results in the accumulation of mnp mRNA, even in cells grown in the absence of Mn. Heat shock induces mnp gene transcription in 4- or 5-day-old cells, and mnp mRNA is detectable after 15 min at 45 degrees C. Maximum accumulation of mnp mRNA is observed 1 to 2 h after transfer of cultures to 45 degrees C. Two hours after heat shock-induced cultures grown in the absence of Mn are transferred back to 37 degrees C, mnp mRNA is no longer detectable. Higher levels of mnp mRNA are obtained with simultaneous induction by Mn and heat shock than by either treatment alone. Neither MnP enzyme activity nor protein is detectable in heat-shocked cultures grown in the absence of Mn. However, higher MnP activity is found in the extracellular medium of cultures induced by both heat shock and Mn than in the medium of cultures induced by Mn alone. These results suggest that the putative heat shock elements found in the promoter region of the mnp genes are physiologically functional and that Mn may be required for a posttranscriptional step of MnP production under heat shock conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Brown
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Molecular Biology, Oregon Graduate Institute of Science & Technology, P.O. Box 9100, Portland, Oregon 97291-1000
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Brock BJ, Rieble S, Gold MH. Purification and Characterization of a 1,4-Benzoquinone Reductase from the Basidiomycete Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Appl Environ Microbiol 2010; 61:3076-81. [PMID: 16535104 PMCID: PMC1388558 DOI: 10.1128/aem.61.8.3076-3081.1995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
An intracellular, soluble 1,4-benzoquinone reductase was purified from agitated cultures of Phanerochaete chrysosporium and characterized. The quinone reductase was expressed in cultures grown under both nitrogen-sufficient and nitrogen-limiting (12 and 1.2 mM ammonium tartrate) conditions. The protein was purified to homogeneity by using ammonium sulfate fractionation, hydrophobic interaction, and ion-exchange and blue-agarose affinity chromatographies. The native flavin mononucleotide-containing protein, pI 4.3, has a molecular mass of 44 kDa as determined by gel filtration. The protein has a subunit molecular mass of ;sim22 kDa as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The quinone reductase exhibits a broad pH optimum between 5.0 and 6.5 and a temperature optimum of 30(deg)C. The enzyme catalyzes the two-electron reduction of several quinones and other electron acceptors utilizing either NADH or NADPH as an electron donor. The apparent K(infm) for 2-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinone is 2.4 (mu)M, and the apparent k(infcat) is 4.4 x 10(sup5) s(sup-1). Enzyme activity is strongly inhibited by Cibacron blue 3GA and by dicumarol.
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Coulter C, Kennedy JT, McRoberts WC, Harper DB. Purification and Properties of an S-Adenosylmethionine: 2,4-Disubstituted Phenol O-Methyltransferase from Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Appl Environ Microbiol 2010; 59:706-11. [PMID: 16348886 PMCID: PMC202178 DOI: 10.1128/aem.59.3.706-711.1993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
An enzyme catalyzing the O-methylation of acetovanillone (3-methoxy-4-hydroxyacetophenone) by S-adeno-sylmethionine was isolated from Phanerochaete chrysosporium and purified 270-fold by ultrafiltration, anion-exchange chromatography, and gel filtration. The enzyme exhibited a pH optimum between 7 and 9 and was rapidly denatured at temperatures above 55 degrees C. The K(m) values for acetovanillone and S-adenosylmethionine were 34 and 99 muM, respectively. S-Adenosylhomocysteine acted as a powerful competitive inhibitor of S-adenosylmethionine, with a K(i) of 41 muM. The enzyme was also susceptible to inhibition by thiol reagents and low concentrations of heavy metal ions. Gel filtration and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis indicated that the enzyme was monomeric and had a molecular weight of approximately 53,000. Substrate specificity studies showed that 3-methoxy- and 3,5-dimethoxy-substituted 4-hydroxy-benzaldehydes, -benzoic acids, and -acetophenones were the preferred substrates for the enzyme. The corresponding 3,4-dihydroxy compounds were methylated relatively slowly, while the 3-hydroxy-4-methoxy compounds were almost inactive as substrates. Substituents in both the 2 and 4 positions relative to the hydroxyl group appeared to be essential for significant enzyme attack of a substrate. Provided that certain steric criteria were satisfied, the nature of the substituent was not critical. Hence, xenobiotic compounds such as 2,4-dichlorophenol and 2,4-dibromophenol were methylated almost as readily as acetovanillone. However, an extended side chain in the 4 position was not compatible with activity as a substrate, and neither homovanillic, caffeic, nor ferulic acid was methylated. The substrate range of the O-methyltransferase tends to imply a role in the catabolism or detoxification of lignin degradation products such as vanillic and syringic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Coulter
- Microbial and Fungal Biochemistry Section, Department of Food Science, The Queen's University of Belfast, Newforge Lane, Belfast BT9 5PX, United Kingdom
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Grifoll M, Hammel KE. Initial Steps in the Degradation of Methoxychlor by the White Rot Fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Appl Environ Microbiol 2010; 63:1175-7. [PMID: 16535547 PMCID: PMC1389141 DOI: 10.1128/aem.63.3.1175-1177.1997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The white rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium mineralized [ring-(sup14)C]methoxychlor [1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)ethane] and metabolized it to a variety of products. The three most prominent of these were identified as the 1-dechloro derivative 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)ethane, the 2-hydroxy derivative 2,2,2-trichloro-1,1-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)ethanol, and the 1-dechloro-2-hydroxy derivative 2,2-dichloro-1,1-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)ethanol by comparison of the derivatives with authentic standards in chromatographic and mass spectrometric experiments. In addition, the 1-dechloro-2-hydroxy derivative was identified from its (sup1)H nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum. The 1-dechloro and 2-hydroxy derivatives were both converted to the 1-dechloro-2-hydroxy derivative by the fungus; i.e., there was no requirement that dechlorination precede hydroxylation or vice versa. All three metabolites were mineralized and are therefore likely intermediates in the degradation of methoxychlor by P. chrysosporium.
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Sundaramoorthy M, Gold MH, Poulos TL. Ultrahigh (0.93A) resolution structure of manganese peroxidase from Phanerochaete chrysosporium: implications for the catalytic mechanism. J Inorg Biochem 2010; 104:683-90. [PMID: 20356630 PMCID: PMC2866031 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2010.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2009] [Revised: 02/23/2010] [Accepted: 02/25/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Manganese peroxidase (MnP) is an extracellular heme enzyme produced by the lignin-degrading white-rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium. MnP catalyzes the peroxide-dependent oxidation of Mn(II) to Mn(III). The Mn(III) is released from the enzyme in complex with oxalate, enabling the oxalate-Mn(III) complex to serve as a diffusible redox mediator capable of oxidizing lignin, especially under the mediation of unsaturated fatty acids. One heme propionate and the side chains of Glu35, Glu39 and Asp179 have been identified as Mn(II) ligands in our previous crystal structures of native MnP. In our current work, new 0.93A and 1.05A crystal structures of MnP with and without bound Mn(II), respectively, have been solved. This represents only the sixth structure of a protein of this size at 0.93A resolution. In addition, this is the first structure of a heme peroxidase from a eukaryotic organism at sub-Angstrom resolution. These new structures reveal an ordering/disordering of the C-terminal loop, which is likely required for Mn binding and release. In addition, the catalytic Arg42 residue at the active site, normally thought to function only in the peroxide activation process, also undergoes ordering/disordering that is coupled to a transient H-bond with the Mn ligand, Glu39. Finally, these high-resolution structures also reveal the exact H atoms in several parts of the structure that are relevant to the catalytic mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael H. Gold
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, OGI School of Science and Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97291-1000
| | - Thomas L. Poulos
- Departments of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, Chemistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-3900
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Metabolism of mono- and dichloro-dibenzo-p-dioxins by Phanerochaete chrysosporium cytochromes P450. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2010; 86:773-80. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-009-2413-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Mori T, Nakamura K, Kondo R. Fungal hydroxylation of polychlorinated naphthalenes with chlorine migration by wood rotting fungi. CHEMOSPHERE 2009; 77:1230-1235. [PMID: 19800097 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.08.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2009] [Revised: 08/12/2009] [Accepted: 08/27/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Biodegradation of the polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs) 1,4-dichloronaphthalene (1,4-DCN), 2,7-dichloronaphthalene (2,7-DCN), and 1,2,3,4-tetrachloronaphthalene (1,2,3,4-TCN), by the white-rot fungus Phlebia lindtneri was investigated. 1,4-DCN was metabolized to form six metabolites by the fungus. It was estimated from GC-MS fragment patterns that the metabolites were four putative hydroxylated and two dihydrodihydroxylated compounds. One of the hydroxylated products was identified as 2,4-dichloro-1-naphthol by GC-MS analysis using an authentic standard. This intermediate indicated chlorine migration in a biological system of P. lindtneri. 2,7-DCN was metabolized to five hydroxylated metabolites and a dihydrodihydroxylated metabolite. Significant inhibition of the degradation of DCNs and formation of their metabolic products was observed in incubation with the cytochrome P-450 monooxygenase inhibitor piperonyl butoxide. The formation of the dihydrodiol-like metabolites, chlorine migration and the experiment with P-450 inhibitor suggested that P. lindtneri provides hydroxyl metabolites via benzene oxide intermediates of DCNs by a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase. In addition, P. lindtneri degraded 1,2,3,4-TCN; two hydroxylated compounds and a dihydrodihydroxylated compound were formed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshio Mori
- Department of Forest and Forest Products Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
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35
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Bunge M, Lechner U. Anaerobic reductive dehalogenation of polychlorinated dioxins. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2009; 84:429-44. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-009-2084-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2009] [Revised: 06/05/2009] [Accepted: 06/06/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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36
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Production and partial characterization of extracellular peroxidase produced byStreptomyces sp. F6616 isolated in Turkey. ANN MICROBIOL 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03178335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Kamei I, Watanabe M, Harada K, Miyahara T, Suzuki S, Matsufuji Y, Kondo R. Influence of soil properties on the biodegradation of 1,3,6,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin and fungal treatment of contaminated paddy soil by white rot fungus Phlebia brevispora. CHEMOSPHERE 2009; 75:1294-1300. [PMID: 19386344 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2008] [Revised: 03/13/2009] [Accepted: 03/15/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
To examine the bioremediation potential of Phlebia brevispora in dioxin-contaminated soil, the fungus was inoculated into autoclaved soil that was contaminated with 2,7-dichlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (2,7-DCDD) or 1,3,6,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (1,3,6,8-TCDD). Three types of soils, organic-rich soil (Andosol), organic-poor soil (Granitic Regosols), and paddy soil, were used for the construction of artificially contaminated soil to understand the influence of the soil property on fungal growth and dioxin degradation ability. Under a solid-state condition, although the growth of the fungus improved in organic-rich soil, the degradation of 2,7-DCDD was inhibited. Although the degradation of 1,3,6,8-TCDD under a solid-state condition was inhibited severely, 1,3,6,8-TCDD degradation was observed under a slurry-state condition in organic-poor soil. In the case of organic-rich soil, an increase in water content improved the 1,3,6,8-TCDD degradation efficiency. When the historically contaminated paddy soil was treated with P. brevispora under a slurry-state condition, 1,3,6,8-TCDD as the main contaminant degraded 50% after 90d incubation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ichiro Kamei
- Department of Forest and Forest Products Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
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Qayyum H, Maroof H, Yasha K. Remediation and treatment of organopollutants mediated by peroxidases: a review. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2009; 29:94-119. [DOI: 10.1080/07388550802685306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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39
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Ishii K, Furuichi T, Tanikawa N, Kuboshima M. Estimation of the biodegradation rate of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin by using dioxin-degrading fungus, Pseudallescheria boydii. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2009; 162:328-332. [PMID: 18584955 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.05.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2007] [Revised: 05/09/2008] [Accepted: 05/09/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We are developing a bioreactor system for treating dioxin-contaminated soil or water using the dioxin-degrading fungus, Pseudallescheria boydii (P. boydii). In order to design the bioreactor system, this study estimated the rate at which P. boydii degraded 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (2,3,7,8-TCDD), which is the most toxic of the dioxins. The experimental results showed that P. boydii degraded 2,3,7,8-TCDD during its logarithmic growth phase, using glucose as a carbon source for growth, and that the growth of P. boydii was not affected by 2,3,7,8-TCDD concentrations usually found at contaminated sites. These results were then used to apply successfully an existing mathematical model to the degradation of 2,3,7,8-TCDD by P. boydii. This allowed an estimation of the rate of degradation of 2,3,7,8-TCDD by P. boydii that can be used in the design of the bioreactor system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuei Ishii
- Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Japan.
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Nam IH, Kim YM, Murugesan K, Jeon JR, Chang YY, Chang YS. Bioremediation of PCDD/Fs-contaminated municipal solid waste incinerator fly ash by a potent microbial biocatalyst. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2008; 157:114-121. [PMID: 18258362 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.12.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2007] [Revised: 11/27/2007] [Accepted: 12/26/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Removal of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) from fly ash poses a serious problem. In the study presented here, we used a microbial biocatalyst which is a mixture of 4 bacterial and 5 fungal dioxin-degrading strains. The ability of this biocatalyst to bioremediate PCDD/Fs from contaminated municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI) fly ash was examined by solid-state fermentation under laboratory conditions. Treatment of MSWI fly ash with the microbial biocatalyst for 21 days resulted in a 68.7% reduction in total toxic PCDD/Fs. Further analyses revealed that the microbial biocatalyst also removed 66.8% of the 2,3,7,8-substituted congeners from the fly ash. During the treatment period, the presence of the individual strains composing the microbial biocatalyst was monitored by the amplification of strain-specific DNA sequences followed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). This analysis showed that all of the bacterial and fungal strains composing this dioxin-degrading microbial mixture maintained under the dioxin treatment conditions. These results demonstrate that this microbial biocatalyst could potentially be used in the bioremediation of PCDD/Fs from contaminated fly ash.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Hyun Nam
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
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41
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Field JA, Sierra-Alvarez R. Microbial degradation of chlorinated dioxins. CHEMOSPHERE 2008; 71:1005-18. [PMID: 18083210 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2007.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2007] [Revised: 09/30/2007] [Accepted: 10/18/2007] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDD) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDF) were introduced into the biosphere on a large scale as by-products from the manufacture of chlorinated phenols and the incineration of wastes. Due to their high toxicity they have been the subject of great public and scientific scrutiny. The evidence in the literature suggests that PCDD/F compounds are subject to biodegradation in the environment as part of the natural chlorine cycle. Lower chlorinated dioxins can be degraded by aerobic bacteria from the genera of Sphingomonas, Pseudomonas and Burkholderia. Most studies have evaluated the cometabolism of monochlorinated dioxins with unsubstituted dioxin as the primary substrate. The degradation is usually initiated by unique angular dioxygenases that attack the ring adjacent to the ether oxygen. Chlorinated dioxins can also be attacked cometabolically under aerobic conditions by white-rot fungi that utilize extracellular lignin degrading peroxidases. Recently, bacteria that can grow on monochlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins as a sole source of carbon and energy have also been characterized (Pseudomonas veronii). Higher chlorinated dioxins are known to be reductively dechlorinated in anaerobic sediments. Similar to PCB and chlorinated benzenes, halorespiring bacteria from the genus Dehalococcoides are implicated in the dechlorination reactions. Anaerobic sediments have been shown to convert tetrachloro- to octachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins to lower chlorinated dioxins including monochlorinated congeners. Taken as a whole, these findings indicate that biodegradation is likely to contribute to the natural attenuation processes affecting PCDD/F compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jim A Field
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
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Ueshima K, Asami K, Ohtaguchi K. Kinetics of the Growth of White-Rot Fungus Coriolus hirsutus in Soil for Bioremediation. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING OF JAPAN 2008. [DOI: 10.1252/jcej.07we189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kazuhiro Asami
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology
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Gabriel FLP, Cyris M, Giger W, Kohler HPE. ipso-substitution: a general biochemical and biodegradation mechanism to cleave alpha-quaternary alkylphenols and bisphenol A. Chem Biodivers 2007; 4:2123-37. [PMID: 17886831 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.200790170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Sphingobium xenophagum Bayram is capable of metabolizing 4-alkoxyphenols and endocrine disruptive alpha-quaternary 4-nonylphenols by an ipso-substitution mechanism that involves ring hydroxylation at the site of the substituent. Here, we show that Bayram's ipso-hydroxylating activity was able to transform also bisphenol A (= dimethyl-4,4'-methylenediphenol; BPA) and 4-isopropylphenol. We identified six metabolites when resting cells of strain Bayram were incubated with BPA. They were unambiguously characterized by HPLC-UV, HPLC/MS, and HPLC/MS/MS as hydroquinone, 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)isopropanol, 4-isopropenylphenol, 4-isopropylphenol, 4-hydroxy-4-isopropenylcyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-one, and 4-hydroxy-4-isopropylcyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-one. In experiments with 4-isopropylphenol as a substrate, 4-hydroxy-4-isopropylcyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-one, one of the metabolites from BPA, accumulated to a high degree. We could rationalize the formation of all metabolites by invoking ipso-hydroxylation and ipso-substitution mechanisms. On closer view, also classical bacterial metabolism of BPA can be well rationalized by an ipso-substitution mechanism, albeit with ipso-attack of an internal alkyl radical instead of an activated oxygen species. This highlights the important role of ipso-substitution as a versatile degradative principle utilized by diverse organisms to degrade alpha-quaternary 4-nonylphenols, 4-alkoxyphenols, and BPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric L P Gabriel
- Swiss Federal Institute for Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag), CH-8600 Dübendorf
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Ishii K, Furuichi T. Development of bioreactor system for treatment of dioxin-contaminated soil using Pseudallescheria boydii. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2007; 148:693-700. [PMID: 17459581 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2006] [Revised: 03/08/2007] [Accepted: 03/09/2007] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
We developed a conceptual feasible design of bioreactor system for treatment of dioxin-contaminated soils that uses the dioxin-degrading fungus Pseudallescheria boydii (P. boydii) we had isolated. The dioxin-degradation conditions in bioreactor treatment was established by clarifying the inhibiting factors for the growth of P. boydii using both real contaminated and laboratory prepared soils mixed with fly ash. In addition, ethanol extraction process as post-treatment methods for the remaining dioxins, and the sterilization conditions of P. boydii, i.e., a weakly pathogenic fungus, in the residue was investigated. The better growth conditions of P. boydii were found to be chloride ion concentration of less than 10 g/L and a pH of less than 9. Under these conditions, 7310 pg-TEQ/g of the soil was treated to 2860 pg-TEQ/g by the bioreactor process, and the dioxin concentration was further decreased to 580 pg-TEQ/g by ethanol extraction, resulting to total removal ratio of 92%. Furthermore, development of an effective sterilization method for living P. boydii in the residue increased the applicability of our bioreactor system for practical use in dioxin-contaminated sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuei Ishii
- Laboratory of Sound Material-Cycle Systems Planning, Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, N 13, W8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8628, Hokkaido, Japan
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Functionality improvement of fungal lignin peroxidase by DNA shuffling for 2,4-dichlorophenol degradability and H2O2 stability. J Biotechnol 2007; 133:110-5. [PMID: 17961781 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2007.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2007] [Revised: 08/27/2007] [Accepted: 09/10/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
One of the major problems of wild-type lignin peroxidase (LiP) is its inactivity at the presence of excess H(2)O(2) and high concentration of aromatic compounds. Little is known about the substrate-binding site of LiP, and functionality improvement of LiP was not actively tried by genetic engineering and directed evolution. In order to improve LiPs functionality, we performed directed evolution with a colorimetric screening method. Finally, three types of LiP mutants were screened. The catalytic efficiency of the variants toward 2,4-dichlorophenol (DCP) degradation activity and the stability against H(2)O(2) was increased over the wild type. The K(m) value of the variants toward H(2)O(2) was increased, but K(m) value toward 2,4-DCP degradation was reduced. Overall, The K(cat)/K(m) values of the mutants toward 2,4-DCP was increased ca. 4-fold, and that toward H(2)O(2) was increased ca. 89-fold. Amino acid sequence analysis indicated that the most of the mutations were located on the enzyme surface. We expect that these results coupled with recombining mutation can be successfully applied to the molecular evolution cycles for screening of LiPs and other oxidative enzymes with improved functionality and stability.
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Leri AC, Hay MB, Lanzirotti A, Rao W, Myneni SCB. Quantitative determination of absolute organohalogen concentrations in environmental samples by X-ray absorption spectroscopy. Anal Chem 2007; 78:5711-8. [PMID: 16906715 DOI: 10.1021/ac060476m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An in situ procedure for quantifying total organic and inorganic Cl concentrations in environmental samples based on X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy has been developed. Cl 1s XANES spectra reflect contributions from all Cl species present in a sample, providing a definitive measure of total Cl concentration in chemically heterogeneous samples. Spectral features near the Cl K-absorption edge provide detailed information about the bonding state of Cl, whereas the absolute fluorescence intensity of the spectra is directly proportional to total Cl concentration, allowing for simultaneous determination of Cl speciation and concentration in plant, soil, and natural water samples. Absolute Cl concentrations are obtained from Cl 1s XANES spectra using a series of Cl standards in a matrix of uniform bulk density. With the high sensitivity of synchrotron-based X-ray absorption spectroscopy, Cl concentration can be reliably measured down to the 5-10 ppm range in solid and liquid samples. Referencing the characteristic near-edge features of Cl in various model compounds, we can distinguish between inorganic chloride (Cl(inorg)) and organochlorine (Cl(org)), as well as between aliphatic Cl(org) and aromatic Cl(org), with uncertainties in the range of approximately 6%. In addition, total organic and inorganic Br concentrations in sediment samples are quantified using a combination of Br 1s XANES and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy. Br concentration is detected down to approximately 1 ppm by XRF, and Br 1s XANES spectra allow quantification of the Br(inorg) and Br(org) fractions. These procedures provide nondestructive, element-specific techniques for quantification of Cl and Br concentrations that preclude extensive sample preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra C Leri
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA.
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Kamei I, Sonoki S, Haraguchi K, Kondo R. Fungal bioconversion of toxic polychlorinated biphenyls by white-rot fungus, Phlebia brevispora. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2006; 73:932-40. [PMID: 16862425 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-006-0529-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2006] [Revised: 05/31/2006] [Accepted: 06/01/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Toxic coplanar polychlorinated biphenyls (Co-PCBs) were used as substrates for a degradation experiment with white-rot fungus, Phlebia brevispora TMIC33929, which is capable of degrading polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins. Eleven PCB congener mixtures (7 mono-ortho- and 4 non-ortho-PCBs) were added to the cultures of P. brevispora and monitored by high resolution gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (HRGC/HRMS). Five PCB congeners, 3,3',4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl, 2,3,3',4,4'-pentachlorobiphenyl, 2,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl, 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl, and 2,3',4,4',5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl were degraded by P. brevispora. To investigate the fungal metabolism of PCB, each Co-PCB was treated separately by P. brevispora and the metabolites were analyzed by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and identified on the basis of the GC/MS comparison with the authentic compound. Meta-methoxylated metabolite was detected from the culture containing each compound. Additionally, para-dechlorinated and -methoxylated metabolite was also detected from the culture with 2,3,3',4,4'-pentachlorobiphenyl, 2,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl, and 2,3',4,4',5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl, which are mono-ortho-PCBs. In this paper, we identified the congener specific degradation of coplanar PCBs by P. brevispora, and clearly proved for the first time by identifying the metabolites that the white-rot fungus, P. brevispora, transformed recalcitrant coplanar PCBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ichiro Kamei
- Department of Forest and Forest Products Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, 812-8581 Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
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Kamei I, Kondo R. Simultaneous degradation of commercially produced CNP herbicide and of contaminated dioxin by treatment using the white-rot fungus Phlebia brevispora. CHEMOSPHERE 2006; 65:1221-7. [PMID: 16677686 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2005] [Revised: 03/17/2006] [Accepted: 03/17/2006] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
An experiment was carried out to study the degradation of commercially produced chlornitrofen (2,4,6-trichlorophenyl p-nitrophenyl ether; CNP) herbicide contaminated with 1,3,6,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (1,3,6,8-tetraCDD) by means of the white rot fungus Phlebia brevispora TMIC33929. Recently, we reported that 1,3,6,8-tetraCDD was degraded by P. brevispora. In the degradation experiment using CNP standard compounds, CNP was transformed into several metabolites including monomethoxylated compounds and 2,4,6-trichlorophenol by P. brevispora. When the mixture of CNP and 1,3,6,8-tetraCDD was treated with P. brevispora, each substrate was degraded and metabolites were detected. The treatment of the commercially produced CNP herbicide by P. brevispora led to the degradation of CNP and contaminated 1,3,6,8-tetraCDD as a result. These results indicate that P. brevispora can degrade CNP and 1,3,6,8-tetraCDD at the same time, and that biological treatment of commercially produced CNP herbicide is possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ichiro Kamei
- Department of Forest and Forest Products Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
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Yamazaki T, Okajima Y, Kawashima H, Tsukamoto A, Sugiura J, Shishido K. Intron-dependent accumulation of mRNA in Coriolus hirsutus of lignin peroxidase gene the product of which is involved in conversion/degradation of polychlorinated aromatic hydrocarbons. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2006; 70:1293-9. [PMID: 16794306 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.50471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The homobasidiomycete Coriolus hirsutus coding sequences of a lignin peroxidase (LiP) gene (lip, containing six (I-VI) introns), a lip cDNA (lipc), and three lipc derivatives containing one (I), three (I-III), or five (I-V) introns were inserted into chromosome-integrating expression vector. These recombinant plasmids were introduced into C. hirustus monokaryotic strain. The transformant carrying the promoter-lipc-terminator cassette did not contain enough mRNA molecules to be detectable by Northern-blot analysis. On the other hand, all the transformants carrying cassettes of genomic lip and intron(s)-containing lipc sequences contained sufficient amounts of mRNAs to be easily detected by Northern-blot analysis. LiP activities in the culture supernatants of these transformants were found to be about five times as high as those of transformants carrying the lipc cassette (or no cassette). The culture supernatants of the transformants with high LiP activity showed remarkably high conversion activity toward pentachlorophenol (PCP) and degradation activity toward 2,7-dichlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (2,7-DCDD). These results indicate that at least one intron (intron I) is required for accumulation of lip mRNA and its subsequent translational expression in C. hirsutus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Yamazaki
- Department of Life Science, Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama
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Katsumata H, Kaneco S, Suzuki T, Ohta K, Yobiko Y. Degradation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins in aqueous solution by Fe(II)/H2O2/UV system. CHEMOSPHERE 2006; 63:592-9. [PMID: 16213552 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2005] [Revised: 08/04/2005] [Accepted: 08/12/2005] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The photodegradation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), which include tetra- to octa-CDDs (TeCDD, PeCDD, HxCDD, HpCDD and OCDD), was carried out in the presence of Fe(II) and H2O2 mixed reagent. The degradation efficiency was strongly influenced by UV irradiation, and the initial concentrations of H2O2 and Fe(II). An initial TeCDD concentration of 10 ng l(-1) was completely degraded within 20 min under the optimum conditions. All PCDDs tested were successfully degraded by Fe(II)/H2O2/UV treatment and complete degradation of TeCDD, PeCDD and HxCDD was achieved within 120 min. PCDD photodegradation rates decreased with the number of chlorine atoms. The degradation process of TeCDD by this system seems to be initiated by an oxidative reaction (OH* radical attack) because less chlorinated DDs as intermediate products were not detected. From the Frontier electron density calculation, the first OH* radical attack positions on TeCDD were found to be four C atoms neighboring two O atoms. The decomposition of TeCDD gave 4,5-dichlorocatechol as an intermediate product. A TeCDD degradation scheme was proposed based on the identified intermediate and the values of Frontier electron density. Based on these results, Fe(II)/H2O2/UV system could be useful technology for the treatment of wastewater containing persistent pollutants such as dioxins and polychlorinated biphenyls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideyuki Katsumata
- Sattelite Venture Business Laboratory, Mie University, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan.
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