1
|
Ma J, Xu R, Li W, Liu M, Ding X. Whole-genome sequencing of clinical isolates of Citrobacter Europaeus in China carrying bla OXA-48 and bla NDM-1. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob 2024; 23:38. [PMID: 38685062 PMCID: PMC11059591 DOI: 10.1186/s12941-024-00699-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the clinical infection characteristics and genetic environments of resistance genes in carbapenem-resistant Citrobacter europaeus using whole-genome sequencing. METHODS The susceptibility of two clinical isolates of C. europaeus (WF0003 and WF1643) to 24 antimicrobial agents was assessed using the BD Phoenix™ M50 System and Kirby-Bauer (K-B) disk-diffusion method. Whole-genome sequencing was performed on the Illumina and Nanopore platforms, and ABRicate software was used to predict resistance and virulence genes of carbapenem-resistant C. europaeus. The characteristics of plasmids carrying carbapenem-resistance genes and their genetic environments were analyzed. Single nucleotide polymorphisms were used to construct a phylogenetic tree to analyze the homology of these two C. europaeus strains with ten strains of C. europaeus in the NCBI database. RESULTS The two strains of carbapenem-resistant C. europaeus are resistant to various antimicrobial agents, particularly carbapenems and β-lactams. WF0003 carries blaNDM- 1, which is located on an IncX3 plasmid that has high homology to the pNDM-HN380 plasmid. blaNDM- 1 is located on a truncated Tn125. It differs from Tn125 by the insertion of IS5 in the upstream ISAba125 and the deletion of the downstream ISAba125, which is replaced by IS26. WF1643 carries blaOXA- 48 in a Tn1999 transposon on the IncL/M plasmid, carrying only that single drug resistance gene. Homology analysis of these two strains of C. europaeus with ten C. europaeus strains in the NCBI database revealed that the 12 strains can be classified into three clades, with both WF0003 and WF1643 in the B clade. CONCLUSION To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to report an IncX3 plasmid carrying blaNDM- 1 in C. europaeus in China. C. europaeus strains harboring carbapenem-resistance genes are concerning in relation to the spread of antimicrobial resistance, and the presence of carbapenem-resistance genes in C. europaeus should be continuously monitored.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ma
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Ranran Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Wanxiang Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Mi Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaomei Ding
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lang C, Fruth A, Campbell IW, Jenkins C, Smith P, Strockbine N, Weill FX, Nübel U, Grad YH, Waldor MK, Flieger A. O-Antigen Diversification Masks Identification of Highly Pathogenic Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli O104:H4-Like Strains. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0098723. [PMID: 37212677 PMCID: PMC10269612 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00987-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) can give rise to a range of clinical outcomes from diarrhea to the life-threatening systemic condition hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS). Although STEC O157:H7 is the serotype most frequently associated with HUS, a major outbreak of HUS occurred in 2011 in Germany and was caused by a rare serotype, STEC O104:H4. Prior to 2011 and since the outbreak, STEC O104:H4 strains have only rarely been associated with human infections. From 2012 to 2020, intensified STEC surveillance was performed in Germany where the subtyping of ~8,000 clinical isolates by molecular methods, including whole-genome sequencing, was carried out. A rare STEC serotype, O181:H4, associated with HUS was identified, and like the STEC O104:H4 outbreak strain, this strain belongs to sequence type 678 (ST678). Genomic and virulence comparisons revealed that the two strains are phylogenetically related and differ principally in the gene cluster encoding their respective lipopolysaccharide O-antigens but exhibit similar virulence phenotypes. In addition, five other serotypes belonging to ST678 from human clinical infection, such as OX13:H4, O127:H4, OgN-RKI9:H4, O131:H4, and O69:H4, were identified from diverse locations worldwide. IMPORTANCE Our data suggest that the high-virulence ensemble of the STEC O104:H4 outbreak strain remains a global threat because genomically similar strains cause disease worldwide but that the horizontal acquisition of O-antigen gene clusters has diversified the O-antigens of strains belonging to ST678. Thus, the identification of these highly pathogenic strains is masked by diverse and rare O-antigens, thereby confounding the interpretation of their potential risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christina Lang
- Division of Enteropathogenic Bacteria and Legionella, National Reference Centre for Salmonella and Other Enteric Bacterial Pathogens, Robert Koch Institut, Wernigerode, Germany
| | - Angelika Fruth
- Division of Enteropathogenic Bacteria and Legionella, National Reference Centre for Salmonella and Other Enteric Bacterial Pathogens, Robert Koch Institut, Wernigerode, Germany
| | - Ian W. Campbell
- Department of Microbiology, Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Claire Jenkins
- Gastro and Food Safety (One Health) Division, Health Security Agency, London, United Kingdom
| | - Peyton Smith
- Division of Foodborne, Waterborne and Environmental Diseases, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Nancy Strockbine
- Division of Foodborne, Waterborne and Environmental Diseases, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - François-Xavier Weill
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Unité des Bactéries Pathogènes Entériques, Paris, France
| | - Ulrich Nübel
- Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Braunschweig-Hannover, Hannover, Germany
- Braunschweig Integrated Center of Systems Biology (BRICS), Technical University, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Yonatan H. Grad
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Matthew K. Waldor
- Department of Microbiology, Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Antje Flieger
- Division of Enteropathogenic Bacteria and Legionella, National Reference Centre for Salmonella and Other Enteric Bacterial Pathogens, Robert Koch Institut, Wernigerode, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mutlaq S, Albiss B, Al-Nabulsi AA, Osaili T, Al-Jaberi T, Olaimat AN, Liu SQ, Ayyash MM. Detection of Salmonella Enteritidis in Milk Using Conductometric Immunosensor Coated on Polyaniline/Zinc Oxide Nanocomposite. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2023; 20:177-185. [PMID: 37097316 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2022.0072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The demand for rapid and accurate detection methods for Salmonella Enteritidis necessitates the development of highly sensitive and specific biosensors to ensure proper monitoring of food safety and quality requirements in the food sector and to secure human health. This study focused on development of a polyaniline/zinc oxide (PANI/ZnO) nanocomposite film on a gold electrode conductometric immunosensor for detection of Salmonella Enteritidis. The sensor was modified with monoclonal anti-Salmonella Enteritidis antibodies as biorecognition elements. The fabricated sensor was able to detect and quantify the target pathogen within 30 min and showed a good detection range from 101 to 105 colony-forming units (CFU)/mL for Salmonella Enteritidis and a minimum detection limit of 6.44 CFU/mL in 0.1% peptone water. Additionally, the fabricated sensor showed good selectivity and detection limit toward the target bacterium and successfully determined Salmonella Enteritidis content in ultrahigh heat-treated skim milk samples without pretreatment of the food sample.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sawsan Mutlaq
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Borhan Albiss
- Nanomaterials Laboratory, Department of Applied Physics, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Anas A Al-Nabulsi
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Tareq Osaili
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Tasneem Al-Jaberi
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Amin N Olaimat
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Shao-Quan Liu
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mutamed M Ayyash
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arab Emirates University (UAEU), Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Melamed J, Brockhausen I. Biosynthesis of the O antigen of pathogenic Escherichia coli O157:H7. Characterization of α1,4-Fuc-transferase WbdO. Glycobiology 2023; 33:165-175. [PMID: 36715215 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwac079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The O157:H7 strain of Escherichia coli is responsible for frequent outbreaks of hemorrhagic colitis worldwide. Its lipopolysaccharide is a virulence factor and contains an O antigen having repeating units with the tetrasaccharide structure [2-D-PerNAcα1-3-L-Fucα1-4-D-Glcβ1-3-D-GalNAcα1-]n. Genes encoding glycosyltransferases WbdN, WbdO, and WbdP are responsible for the biosynthesis of this repeating unit. We have previously characterized the second enzyme in the pathway, WbdN, which transfers Glc in β1-3 linkage to GalNAcα-O-PO3-PO3-(CH2)11-O-Ph (GalNAc-PP-PhU). In this work, Fuc-transferase WbdO from E. coli O157:H7 expressed in BL21 bacteria was characterized using the product of WbdN as the acceptor substrate. We showed that WbdO is specific for GDP-β-L-Fuc as the donor substrate. Compounds that contained terminal Glc or Glcβ1-3GalNAc structures but lacked the diphosphate group did not serve as acceptor substrates. The structure of the WbdO product was identified by mass spectrometry and Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) as L-Fucα1-4-D-Glcβ1-3-D-GalNAc PP-PhU. WbdO is an unusual bivalent metal ion-dependent Fuc-transferase classified as an inverting GT2 family enzyme that has 2 conserved sequences near the N-terminus. The Asp37 residue within the 36VDGGSTD42 sequence was found to be essential for catalysis. Mutation of Asp68 to Ala within the conserved 67YDAMNK72 sequence resulted in a 3-fold increase in activity. These studies show that WbdOO157 is a highly specific Fuc-transferase with little homology to other characterized Fuc-transferases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Melamed
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, 18 Stuart Street, Kingston, ON K7L3N6, Canada
| | - Inka Brockhausen
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, 18 Stuart Street, Kingston, ON K7L3N6, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hutinet G, Lee YJ, de Crécy-Lagard V, Weigele PR. Hypermodified DNA in Viruses of E. coli and Salmonella. EcoSal Plus 2021; 9:eESP00282019. [PMID: 34910575 PMCID: PMC11163837 DOI: 10.1128/ecosalplus.esp-0028-2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The DNA in bacterial viruses collectively contains a rich, yet relatively underexplored, chemical diversity of nucleobases beyond the canonical adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine. Herein, we review what is known about the genetic and biochemical basis for the biosynthesis of complex DNA modifications, also called DNA hypermodifications, in the DNA of tailed bacteriophages infecting Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica. These modifications, and their diversification, likely arose out of the evolutionary arms race between bacteriophages and their cellular hosts. Despite their apparent diversity in chemical structure, the syntheses of various hypermodified bases share some common themes. Hypermodifications form through virus-directed synthesis of noncanonical deoxyribonucleotide triphosphates, direct modification DNA, or a combination of both. Hypermodification enzymes are often encoded in modular operons reminiscent of biosynthetic gene clusters observed in natural product biosynthesis. The study of phage-hypermodified DNA provides an exciting opportunity to expand what is known about the enzyme-catalyzed chemistry of nucleic acids and will yield new tools for the manipulation and interrogation of DNA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey Hutinet
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Yan-Jiun Lee
- Research Department, New England Biolabs, Ipswich, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Valérie de Crécy-Lagard
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Peter R. Weigele
- Research Department, New England Biolabs, Ipswich, Massachusetts, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Igbinosa EO, Beshiru A, Igbinosa IH, Ogofure AG, Uwhuba KE. Prevalence and Characterization of Food-Borne Vibrio parahaemolyticus From African Salad in Southern Nigeria. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:632266. [PMID: 34168622 PMCID: PMC8217614 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.632266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The demand for minimally processed vegetables (African salad) has increased partly due to its inclusion in ready-to-eat foods. Nevertheless, the associated risk of the presence of emergent foodborne pathogens, such as Vibrio parahaemolyticus might be underestimated. The present study was designed to isolate and characterize foodborne V. parahaemolyticus from minimally processed vegetables using culture-based methods and molecular approach. A total of 300 samples were examined from retail outlets between November 2018 and August 2019 from Southern Nigeria. The prevalence of vibrios from the overall samples based on the colonial proliferation of yellow, blue-green and/or green colonies on thiosulfate citrate bile salts sucrose agar was 74/300 (24.6%). An average of two green or blue-green colonies from respective plates was screened for V. parahaemolyticus using analytical profile index (API) 20 NE. Polymerase chain reaction further confirmed the identity of positive V. parahaemolyticus. The counts of V. parahaemolyticus ranged from 1.5 to 1,000 MPN/g. A total of 63 recovered V. parahaemolyticus were characterized further. The resistance profile of the isolates include ampicillin 57/63 (90.5%), cefotaxime 41/63 (65.1%), ceftazidime 30/63 (47.6%), amikacin 32/63 (50.8%), kanamycin 15/63 (23.8%), and oxytetracycline 16/63 (25.4%). The multiple antibiotic index ranged from 0–0.81. The formation of biofilm by the isolates revealed the following: strong formation 15/63 (23.8%), moderate formation 31/63 (49.2%), weak formation 12/63 (19.1%), and no formation 5/63 (7.9%). A total of 63/63 (100%), 9/63 (14.3%), and 20/63 (31.8%) of the isolates harbored the tox R gene, TDH-related hemolysin (trh) and thermostable direct hemolysin (tdh) determinants respectively. The isolates with O2 serogroup were most prevalent via PCR. Isolates that were resistant to tetracycline, kanamycin, and chloramphenicol possessed resistant genes. The presence of multidrug-resistant vibrios in the minimally processed vegetables constitutes a public health risk and thus necessitates continued surveillance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Etinosa O Igbinosa
- Applied Microbial Processes and Environmental Health Research Group, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
| | - Abeni Beshiru
- Applied Microbial Processes and Environmental Health Research Group, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria.,Department of Microbiology, College of Natural and Applied Sciences, Western Delta University, Oghara, Nigeria
| | - Isoken H Igbinosa
- Applied Microbial Processes and Environmental Health Research Group, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
| | - Abraham G Ogofure
- Applied Microbial Processes and Environmental Health Research Group, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
| | - Kate E Uwhuba
- Applied Microbial Processes and Environmental Health Research Group, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria.,Department of Microbiology, College of Natural and Applied Sciences, Western Delta University, Oghara, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Elder JR, Fratamico PM, Liu Y, Needleman DS, Bagi L, Tebbs R, Allred A, Siddavatam P, Suren H, Gujjula KR, DebRoy C, Dudley EG, Yan X. A Targeted Sequencing Assay for Serotyping Escherichia coli Using AgriSeq Technology. Front Microbiol 2021; 11:627997. [PMID: 33519788 PMCID: PMC7844058 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.627997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The gold standard method for serotyping Escherichia coli has relied on antisera-based typing of the O- and H-antigens, which is labor intensive and often unreliable. In the post-genomic era, sequence-based assays are potentially faster to provide results, could combine O-serogrouping and H-typing in a single test, and could simultaneously screen for the presence of other genetic markers of interest such as virulence factors. Whole genome sequencing is one approach; however, this method has limited multiplexing capabilities, and only a small fraction of the sequence is informative for subtyping or identifying virulence potential. A targeted, sequence-based assay and accompanying software for data analysis would be a great improvement over the currently available methods for serotyping. The purpose of this study was to develop a high-throughput, molecular method for serotyping E. coli by sequencing the genes that are required for production of O- and H-antigens, as well as to develop software for data analysis and serotype identification. To expand the utility of the assay, targets for the virulence factors, Shiga toxins (stx1, and stx2) and intimin (eae) were included. To validate the assay, genomic DNA was extracted from O-serogroup and H-type standard strains and from Shiga toxin-producing E. coli, the targeted regions were amplified, and then sequencing libraries were prepared from the amplified products followed by sequencing of the libraries on the Ion S5™ sequencer. The resulting sequence files were analyzed via the SeroType Caller™ software for identification of O-serogroup, H-type, and presence of stx1, stx2, and eae. We successfully identified 169 O-serogroups and 41 H-types. The assay also routinely detected the presence of stx1a,c,d (3 of 3 strains), stx2c−e,g (8 of 8 strains), stx2f (1 strain), and eae (6 of 6 strains). Taken together, the high-throughput, sequence-based method presented here is a reliable alternative to antisera-based serotyping methods for E. coli.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob R Elder
- U. S. Department of Agriculture, Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, Wyndmoor, PA, United States
| | - Pina M Fratamico
- U. S. Department of Agriculture, Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, Wyndmoor, PA, United States
| | - Yanhong Liu
- U. S. Department of Agriculture, Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, Wyndmoor, PA, United States
| | - David S Needleman
- U. S. Department of Agriculture, Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, Wyndmoor, PA, United States
| | - Lori Bagi
- U. S. Department of Agriculture, Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, Wyndmoor, PA, United States
| | - Robert Tebbs
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, Genetic Sciences Division, Austin, TX, United States
| | | | - Prasad Siddavatam
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, Genetic Sciences Division, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Haktan Suren
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, Genetic Sciences Division, Austin, TX, United States
| | | | - Chitrita DebRoy
- E. coli Reference Center, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Edward G Dudley
- E. coli Reference Center, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Xianghe Yan
- U. S. Department of Agriculture, Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, Wyndmoor, PA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Li Y, Xie T, Pang R, Wu Q, Zhang J, Lei T, Xue L, Wu H, Wang J, Ding Y, Chen M, Wu S, Zeng H, Zhang Y, Wei X. Food-Borne Vibrio parahaemolyticus in China: Prevalence, Antibiotic Susceptibility, and Genetic Characterization. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1670. [PMID: 32765472 PMCID: PMC7378779 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a marine and estuarine bacterium that leads to damage of aquatic industry by foodborne outbreaks and possesses an enormous threat to food safety as well as human health worldwide. In the current study, we investigated 905 food samples (ready-to-eat foods, fish, and shrimp) from 15 provinces in China, and aimed to determine prevalence, biological characteristics and genetic diversity of presumptive V. parahaemolyticus isolates. Firstly, 14.17% of 240 fish samples, 15.34% of 365 shrimp samples and 3.67% of 300 RTE food samples were positive for potential V. parahaemolyticus. Secondly, 69 food samples (14.87%) collected in summer were positive for target isolates, while the rate of positive sample of 441 food samples in winter reached 7.26%. Thirdly, we purified 202 V. parahaemolyticus strains for further research. And antimicrobial susceptibility results of strains tested revealed that the highest resistance rate was observed for ampicillin (79.20%). At the same time, 148 (73.27%) of all isolates were classified and defined as multi-drug resistant foodborne bacteria. The results of PCR assay showed that the isolates being positive for the tdh, trh or both genes, were up to 9.90%, 19.80% or 3.96%. Besides, multiplex PCR test showed that the isolates carrying O2 serogroup were the most prevalent. Furthermore, sequence types (STs) of 108 isolates were obtained via multi-locus sequence typing. Not only 82 STs were detected, but also 41 of which were updated in the MLST database. Thus, our findings significantly demonstrated the high contamination rates of V. parahaemolyticus in fish and shrimp and it may possess potential threat for consumer health. We also provided up-to-date dissemination of antibiotic-resistant V. parahaemolyticus which is important to ensure the high efficacy in the treatment of human and aquatic products infections. Lastly, with the identification of 82 STs including 41 novel STs, this study significantly revealed the high genetic diversity among V. parahaemolyticus. All of our research improved our understanding on microbiological risk assessment in ready-to-eat foods, fish, and shrimp.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Li
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tengfei Xie
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui Pang
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingping Wu
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jumei Zhang
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tao Lei
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liang Xue
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haoming Wu
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Juan Wang
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Ding
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Moutong Chen
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shi Wu
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haiyan Zeng
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Youxiong Zhang
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianhu Wei
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Geue L, Menge C, Eichhorn I, Semmler T, Wieler LH, Pickard D, Berens C, Barth SA. Evidence for Contemporary Switching of the O-Antigen Gene Cluster between Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli Strains Colonizing Cattle. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:424. [PMID: 28377748 PMCID: PMC5359238 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) comprise a group of zoonotic enteric pathogens with ruminants, especially cattle, as the main reservoir. O-antigens are instrumental for host colonization and bacterial niche adaptation. They are highly immunogenic and, therefore, targeted by the adaptive immune system. The O-antigen is one of the most diverse bacterial cell constituents and variation not only exists between different bacterial species, but also between individual isolates/strains within a single species. We recently identified STEC persistently infecting cattle and belonging to the different serotypes O156:H25 (n = 21) and O182:H25 (n = 15) that were of the MLST sequence types ST300 or ST688. These STs differ by a single nucleotide in purA only. Fitness-, virulence-associated genome regions, and CRISPR/CAS (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR associated sequence) arrays of these STEC O156:H25 and O182:H25 isolates were highly similar, and identical genomic integration sites for the stx converting bacteriophages and the core LEE, identical Shiga toxin converting bacteriophage genes for stx1a, identical complete LEE loci, and identical sets of chemotaxis and flagellar genes were identified. In contrast to this genomic similarity, the nucleotide sequences of the O-antigen gene cluster (O-AGC) regions between galF and gnd and very few flanking genes differed fundamentally and were specific for the respective serotype. Sporadic aEPEC O156:H8 isolates (n = 5) were isolated in temporal and spatial proximity. While the O-AGC and the corresponding 5' and 3' flanking regions of these aEPEC isolates were identical to the respective region in the STEC O156:H25 isolates, the core genome, the virulence associated genome regions and the CRISPR/CAS elements differed profoundly. Our cumulative epidemiological and molecular data suggests a recent switch of the O-AGC between isolates with O156:H8 strains having served as DNA donors. Such O-antigen switches can affect the evaluation of a strain's pathogenic and virulence potential, suggesting that NGS methods might lead to a more reliable risk assessment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lutz Geue
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut/Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Molecular PathogenesisJena, Germany
| | - Christian Menge
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut/Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Molecular PathogenesisJena, Germany
| | - Inga Eichhorn
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Free University BerlinBerlin, Germany
| | - Torsten Semmler
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Free University BerlinBerlin, Germany
- Robert Koch InstituteBerlin, Germany
| | - Lothar H. Wieler
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Free University BerlinBerlin, Germany
- Robert Koch InstituteBerlin, Germany
| | - Derek Pickard
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Pathogen GenomicsCambridge, UK
| | - Christian Berens
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut/Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Molecular PathogenesisJena, Germany
| | - Stefanie A. Barth
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut/Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Molecular PathogenesisJena, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Genetic and serological identification of three Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains as candidates for novel provisional O serotypes. Int J Food Microbiol 2017; 245:53-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2017.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
11
|
Genome-based phylogeny and taxonomy of the ‘Enterobacteriales’: proposal for Enterobacterales ord. nov. divided into the families Enterobacteriaceae, Erwiniaceae fam. nov., Pectobacteriaceae fam. nov., Yersiniaceae fam. nov., Hafniaceae fam. nov., Morganellaceae fam. nov., and Budviciaceae fam. nov. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2016; 66:5575-5599. [DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.001485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 556] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
|
12
|
Li L, Woodward RL, Han W, Qu J, Song J, Ma C, Wang PG. Chemoenzymatic synthesis of the bacterial polysaccharide repeating unit undecaprenyl pyrophosphate and its analogs. Nat Protoc 2016; 11:1280-98. [PMID: 27336706 DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2016.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Polysaccharides are essential and immunologically relevant components of bacterial cell walls. These biomolecules can be found covalently attached to lipids (e.g., O-polysaccharide (PS) contains undecaprenyl and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) contains lipid A) or noncovalently associated with cell wells (e.g., capsular PS (CPS)). Although extensive genetic studies have indicated that the Wzy-dependent biosynthetic pathway is primarily responsible for producing such polysaccharides, in vitro biochemical studies are needed to determine, for example, which gene product is responsible for catalyzing each step in the pathway, and to reveal molecular details about the Wzx translocase, Wzy polymerase and O-PS chain-length determinant. Many of these biochemical studies require access to a structurally well-defined PS repeating unit undecaprenyl pyrophosphate (RU-PP-Und), the key building block in this pathway. We describe herein the chemoenzymatic synthesis of Escherichia coli (serotype O157) RU-PP-Und. This involves (i) chemical synthesis of precursor N-acetyl-D-galactosamine (GalNAc)-PP-Und (2 weeks) and (ii) enzymatic extension of the precursor to produce RU-PP-Und (2 weeks). Undecaprenyl phosphate and peracetylated GalNAc-1-phosphate are prepared from commercially available undecaprenol and peracetylated GalNAc. The chemical coupling of these two products, followed by structural confirmation (mass spectrometry and NMR) and deprotection, generates GalNAc-PP-Und. This compound is then sequentially modified by enzymes in the E. coli serotype O157 (E. coli O157) O-PS biosynthetic pathway. Three glycosyltransferases (GTs) are involved (WbdN, WbdO and WbdP) and they transfer glucose (Glc), L-fucose (L-Fuc) and N-acetylperosamine (PerNAc) onto GalNAc-PP-Und to form the intact RU-PP-Und in a stepwise manner. Final compounds and intermediates are confirmed by mass spectrometry. The procedure can be adapted to the synthesis of analogs with different PS or lipid moieties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Li
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics &Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Robert L Woodward
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mount Union, Alliance, Ohio, USA
| | - Weiqing Han
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics &Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jingyao Qu
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics &Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jing Song
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics &Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Cheng Ma
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics &Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Peng G Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics &Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Stromberg LR, Hengartner NW, Swingle KL, Moxley RA, Graves SW, Montaño GA, Mukundan H. Membrane Insertion for the Detection of Lipopolysaccharides: Exploring the Dynamics of Amphiphile-in-Lipid Assays. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156295. [PMID: 27227979 PMCID: PMC4881986 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli is an important cause of foodborne illness, with cases attributable to beef, fresh produce and other sources. Many serotypes of the pathogen cause disease, and differentiating one serotype from another requires specific identification of the O antigen located on the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) molecule. The amphiphilic structure of LPS poses a challenge when using classical detection methods, which do not take into account its lipoglycan biochemistry. Typically, detection of LPS requires heat or chemical treatment of samples and relies on bioactivity assays for the conserved lipid A portion of the molecule. Our goal was to develop assays to facilitate the direct and discriminative detection of the entire LPS molecule and its O antigen in complex matrices using minimal sample processing. To perform serogroup identification of LPS, we used a method called membrane insertion on a waveguide biosensor, and tested three serogroups of LPS. The membrane insertion technique allows for the hydrophobic association of LPS with a lipid bilayer, where the exposed O antigen can be targeted for specific detection. Samples of beef lysate were spiked with LPS to perform O antigen specific detection of LPS from E. coli O157. To validate assay performance, we evaluated the biophysical interactions of LPS with lipid bilayers both in- and outside of a flow cell using fluorescence microscopy and fluorescently doped lipids. Our results indicate that membrane insertion allows for the qualitative and reliable identification of amphiphilic LPS in complex samples like beef homogenates. We also demonstrated that LPS-induced hole formation does not occur under the conditions of the membrane insertion assays. Together, these findings describe for the first time the serogroup-specific detection of amphiphilic LPS in complex samples using a membrane insertion assay, and highlight the importance of LPS molecular conformations in detection architectures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Loreen R. Stromberg
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
- Physical Chemistry and Applied Spectroscopy, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, United States of America
- The New Mexico Consortium, Los Alamos, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Nicolas W. Hengartner
- Theoretical Biology and Biophysics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Kirstie L. Swingle
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Rodney A. Moxley
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Steven W. Graves
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
- The New Mexico Consortium, Los Alamos, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Gabriel A. Montaño
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Harshini Mukundan
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
- Physical Chemistry and Applied Spectroscopy, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, United States of America
- The New Mexico Consortium, Los Alamos, New Mexico, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Arnold JW, Spacht D, Koudelka GB. Determinants that govern the recognition and uptake of
Escherichia coli
O157 : H7 by
Acanthamoeba castellanii. Cell Microbiol 2016; 18:1459-70. [DOI: 10.1111/cmi.12591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jason W. Arnold
- Department of Biological Sciences University at Buffalo Buffalo NY 14260 USA
| | - Drew Spacht
- Department of Biology Mercyhurst University Erie PA 16546 USA
- Department of Entomology The Ohio State University 318 W. 12th Ave. 300 Aronoff Laboratory Columbus OH 43210 USA
| | - Gerald B. Koudelka
- Department of Biological Sciences University at Buffalo Buffalo NY 14260 USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Tang F, Pang DW, Chen Z, Shao JB, Xiong LH, Xiang YP, Xiong Y, Wu K, Ai HW, Zhang H, Zheng XL, Lv JR, Liu WY, Hu HB, Mei H, Zhang Z, Sun H, Xiang Y, Sun ZY. Visual and efficient immunosensor technique for advancing biomedical applications of quantum dots on Salmonella detection and isolation. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:4688-4698. [PMID: 26853517 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr07424j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
It is a great challenge in nanotechnology for fluorescent nanobioprobes to be applied to visually detect and directly isolate pathogens in situ. A novel and visual immunosensor technique for efficient detection and isolation of Salmonella was established here by applying fluorescent nanobioprobes on a specially-designed cellulose-based swab (a solid-phase enrichment system). The selective and chromogenic medium used on this swab can achieve the ultrasensitive amplification of target bacteria and form chromogenic colonies in situ based on a simple biochemical reaction. More importantly, because this swab can serve as an attachment site for the targeted pathogens to immobilize and immunologically capture nanobioprobes, our mAb-conjugated QD bioprobes were successfully applied on the solid-phase enrichment system to capture the fluorescence of targeted colonies under a designed excitation light instrument based on blue light-emitting diodes combined with stereomicroscopy or laser scanning confocal microscopy. Compared with the traditional methods using 4-7 days to isolate Salmonella from the bacterial mixture, this method took only 2 days to do this, and the process of initial screening and preliminary diagnosis can be completed in only one and a half days. Furthermore, the limit of detection can reach as low as 10(1) cells per mL Salmonella on the background of 10(5) cells per mL non-Salmonella (Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis or Citrobacter freundii, respectively) in experimental samples, and even in human anal ones. The visual and efficient immunosensor technique may be proved to be a favorable alternative for screening and isolating Salmonella in a large number of samples related to public health surveillance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Tang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China. and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wuhan Children's Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430016, People's Republic of China.
| | - Dai-Wen Pang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Science, State Key Laboratory of Virology, and Wuhan Institute of Biotechnology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi Chen
- Microbiological Laboratory, Wuhan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan 430015, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Bo Shao
- Wuhan Children's Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430016, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling-Hong Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Science, State Key Laboratory of Virology, and Wuhan Institute of Biotechnology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China and Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Ping Xiang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Xiong
- Microbiological Laboratory, Wuhan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan 430015, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Wu
- Jiangan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan 430017, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Wu Ai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wuhan Children's Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430016, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hui Zhang
- Microbiological Laboratory, Qiaokou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Li Zheng
- Wuhan Children's Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430016, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Rui Lv
- Wuhan Children's Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430016, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Yong Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hong-Bing Hu
- Wuhan Children's Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430016, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Mei
- Wuhan Children's Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430016, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wuhan Children's Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430016, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hong Sun
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wuhan Children's Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430016, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yun Xiang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wuhan Children's Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430016, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zi-Yong Sun
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Escherichia coli O-Genotyping PCR: a Comprehensive and Practical Platform for Molecular O Serogrouping. J Clin Microbiol 2015; 53:2427-32. [PMID: 25926488 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00321-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The O serogrouping of pathogenic Escherichia coli is a standard method for subtyping strains for epidemiological studies and enhancing phylogenetic studies. In particular, the identification of strains of the same O serogroup is essential in outbreak investigations and surveillance. In a previous study, we analyzed the O-antigen biosynthesis gene cluster in all known E. coli O serogroups (A. Iguchi et al., DNA Res, 22:101-107, 2015, http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/dnares/dsu043). Based on those results, we have arranged 162 PCR primer pairs for the identification or classification of O serogroups. Of these, 147 pairs were used to identify 147 individual O serogroups with unique O-antigen biosynthesis genes, and the other 15 pairs were used to identify 15 groups of strains (Gp1 to Gp15). Each of these groups consisted of strains with identical or very similar O-antigen biosynthesis genes, and the groups represented a total of 35 individual O serogroups. We then used the 162 primer pairs to create 20 multiplex PCR sets. Each set contained six to nine primer pairs that amplify products of markedly different sizes. This genetic methodology (E. coli O-genotyping PCR) allowed for comprehensive, rapid, and low-cost typing. Validation of the PCR system using O-serogroup references and wild strains showed that the correct O serogroups were specifically and accurately identified for 100% (182/182) and 90.8% (522/575) of references and wild strains, respectively. The PCR-based system reported here might be a promising tool for the subtyping of E. coli strains for epidemiological studies as well as for the surveillance of pathogenic E. coli during outbreaks.
Collapse
|
17
|
Shashkov AS, Wang M, Turdymuratov EM, Hu S, Arbatsky NP, Guo X, Wang L, Knirel YA. Structural and genetic relationships of closely related O-antigens of Cronobacter spp. and Escherichia coli: C. sakazakii G2594 (serotype O4)/E. coli O103 and C. malonaticus G3864 (serotype O1)/E. coli O29. Carbohydr Res 2015; 404:124-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2014.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Revised: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
18
|
Szu SC, Ahmed A. Clinical Studies of Escherichia coli O157:H7 Conjugate Vaccines in Adults and Young Children. Microbiol Spectr 2014; 2. [PMID: 26104443 DOI: 10.1128/microbiolspec.ehec-0016-2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pediatric immunization has been the most effective measure to prevent and reduce the burden of infectious diseases in children. The recent inclusion of pneumococcal and meningococcal polysaccharide conjugates in infant immunization further reinforces their importance. Currently there is no human vaccine against enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) infections. This review focuses on the human EHEC vaccine that has been studied clinically, in particular, the polysaccharide conjugate against E. coli O157. The surface polysaccharide antigen, O-specific polysaccharide, was linked to rEPA, recombinant exotoxin A of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In adults and children 2 to 5 years old, O157-rEPA conjugates, shown to be safe, induced high levels of antilipopolysaccharide immunoglobulin G with bactericidal activities against E. coli O157, a functional bioassay that mimics the killing of inoculum in vivo. A similar construct using the B subunit of Shiga toxin (Stx) 1 as the carrier protein elicited both bactericidal and toxin-neutralizing antibodies in mice. So far there is no clinical study of Stx-based human vaccine. Passive immunization of Stx-specific antibodies with humanized, chimeric, or human monoclonal antibodies, produced in transgenic mice, showed promising data in animal models and offered high prospects. Demonstrations of their safety and effectiveness in treating hemolytic-uremic syndrome or patients with EHEC infections are under way, and results are much anticipated. For future development, other virulence factors such as the nontoxic Stx B subunit or intimin should be included, either as carrier protein in conjugates or as independent components. The additional antigens from O157 may provide broader coverage to non-O157 Stx-producing E. coli and facilitate both preventive and therapeutic treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shousun Chen Szu
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Amina Ahmed
- Levine Children's Specialty Center-Pediatric Infectious Disease, Carolina Medical Centers, Charlotte, NC 28203
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Delgado G, Souza V, Morales R, Cerritos R, González-González A, Méndez JL, Vázquez V, Cravioto A. Genetic characterization of atypical Citrobacter freundii. PLoS One 2013; 8:e74120. [PMID: 24069274 PMCID: PMC3771896 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0074120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of a bacterial population to survive in different niches, as well as in stressful and rapidly changing environmental conditions, depends greatly on its genetic content. To survive such fluctuating conditions, bacteria have evolved different mechanisms to modulate phenotypic variations and related strategies to produce high levels of genetic diversity. Laboratories working in microbiological diagnosis have shown that Citrobacter freundii is very versatile in its colony morphology, as well as in its biochemical, antigenic and pathogenic behaviours. This phenotypic versatility has made C. freundii difficult to identify and it is frequently confused with both Salmonella enterica and Escherichia coli. In order to determine the genomic events and to explain the mechanisms involved in this plasticity, six C. freundii isolates were selected from a phenotypic variation study. An I-CeuI genomic cleavage map was created and eight housekeeping genes, including 16S rRNA, were sequenced. In general, the results showed a range of both phenotypes and genotypes among the isolates with some revealing a greater similarity to C. freundii and some to S. enterica, while others were identified as phenotypic and genotypic intermediary states between the two species. The occurrence of these events in natural populations may have important implications for genomic diversification in bacterial evolution, especially when considering bacterial species boundaries. In addition, such events may have a profound impact on medical science in terms of treatment, course and outcomes of infectious diseases, evading the immune response, and understanding host-pathogen interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Delgado
- Departmento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), México City, México
| | - Valeria Souza
- Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), México City, México
| | - Rosario Morales
- Departmento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), México City, México
| | - René Cerritos
- Departamento de Cirugía Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), México City, México
| | - Andrea González-González
- Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), México City, México
| | - José Luis Méndez
- Departmento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), México City, México
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Liu B, Knirel YA, Feng L, Perepelov AV, Senchenkova SN, Reeves PR, Wang L. Structural diversity in Salmonella O antigens and its genetic basis. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2013; 38:56-89. [PMID: 23848592 DOI: 10.1111/1574-6976.12034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2012] [Revised: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 07/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This review covers the structures and genetics of the 46 O antigens of Salmonella, a major pathogen of humans and domestic animals. The variation in structures underpins the serological specificity of the 46 recognized serogroups. The O antigen is important for the full function and virulence of many bacteria, and the considerable diversity of O antigens can confer selective advantage. Salmonella O antigens can be divided into two major groups: those which have N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) or N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) and those which have galactose (Gal) as the first sugar in the O unit. In recent years, we have determined 21 chemical structures and sequenced 28 gene clusters for GlcNAc-/GalNAc-initiated O antigens, thus completing the structure and DNA sequence data for the 46 Salmonella O antigens. The structures and gene clusters of the GlcNAc-/GalNAc-initiated O antigens were found to be highly diverse, and 24 of them were found to be identical or closely related to Escherichia coli O antigens. Sequence comparisons indicate that all or most of the shared gene clusters were probably present in the common ancestor, although alternative explanations are also possible. In contrast, the better-known eight Gal-initiated O antigens are closely related both in structures and gene cluster sequences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Liu
- TEDA School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, TEDA, Tianjin, China; The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Guo D, Liu B, Liu F, Cao B, Chen M, Hao X, Feng L, Wang L. Development of a DNA microarray for molecular identification of all 46 Salmonella O serogroups. Appl Environ Microbiol 2013; 79:3392-9. [PMID: 23524674 PMCID: PMC3648052 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00225-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2013] [Accepted: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella is a major cause of food-borne disease in many countries. Serotype determination of Salmonella is important for disease assessment, infection control, and epidemiological surveillance. In this study, a microarray system that targets the O antigen-specific genes was developed for simultaneously detecting and identifying all 46 Salmonella O serogroups. Of these, 40 serogroups can be confidently identified, and the remaining 6, in three pairs (serogroups O67 and B, E1 and E4, and A and D1), need to be further distinguished from each other using PCR methods or conventional serotyping methods. The microarray was shown to be highly specific when evaluated against 293 Salmonella strains, 186 Shigella strains, representative Escherichia coli strains, and 10 strains of other bacterial species. The assay correctly identified 288 (98%) of the Salmonella strains. The detection sensitivity was determined to be 50 ng genomic DNA per sample. By testing simulated samples in a tomato background, 2 to 8 CFU per gram inoculated could be detected after enrichment. This newly developed microarray assay is the first molecular protocol that can be used for the comprehensive detection and identification of all 46 Salmonella O serogroups. Compared to the traditional serogrouping method, the microarray provides a reliable, high-throughput, and sensitive approach that can be used for rapid identification of multiple Salmonella O serogroups simultaneously.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Guo
- TEDA School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, TEDA, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Liu
- TEDA School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, TEDA, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Fenxia Liu
- TEDA School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, TEDA, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Boyang Cao
- TEDA School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, TEDA, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, TEDA, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
- Tianjin Research Center for Functional Genomics and Biochip, TEDA, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Chen
- Shanghai Municipal Center For Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiyan Hao
- TEDA School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, TEDA, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Feng
- TEDA School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, TEDA, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, TEDA, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
- Tianjin Research Center for Functional Genomics and Biochip, TEDA, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Wang
- TEDA School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, TEDA, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, TEDA, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
- Tianjin Research Center for Functional Genomics and Biochip, TEDA, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Makszin L, Kilár A, Felső P, Péterfi Z, Kocsis B, Kilár F. Quantitative microfluidic analysis ofS- andR-type endotoxin components with chip capillary electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201200167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lilla Makszin
- Institute of Bioanalysis, Faculty of Medicine; University of Pécs; Pécs; Hungary
| | - Anikó Kilár
- Department of Analytical and Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences; University of Pécs; Pécs; Hungary
| | - Péter Felső
- Institute of Bioanalysis, Faculty of Medicine; University of Pécs; Pécs; Hungary
| | - Zoltán Péterfi
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine; University of Pécs; Pécs; Hungary
| | - Béla Kocsis
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine; University of Pécs; Pécs; Hungary
| | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Genetic analysis of the Cronobacter sakazakii O4 to O7 O-antigen gene clusters and development of a PCR assay for identification of all C. sakazakii O serotypes. Appl Environ Microbiol 2012; 78:3966-74. [PMID: 22447597 DOI: 10.1128/aem.07825-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The Gram-negative bacterium Cronobacter sakazakii is an emerging food-borne pathogen that causes severe invasive infections in neonates. Variation in the O-antigen lipopolysaccharide in the outer membrane provides the basis for Gram-negative bacteria serotyping. The O-antigen serotyping scheme for C. sakazakii, which includes seven serotypes (O1 to O7), has been recently established, and the O-antigen gene clusters and specific primers for three C. sakazakii serotypes (O1, O2, and O3) have been characterized. In this study, the C. sakazakii O4, O5, O6, and O7 O-antigen gene clusters were sequenced, and gene functions were predicted on the basis of homology. C. sakazakii O4 shared a similar O-antigen gene cluster with Escherichia coli O103. The general features and anomalies of all seven C. sakazakii O-antigen gene clusters were evaluated and the relationship between O-antigen structures and their gene clusters were investigated. Serotype-specific genes for O4 to O7 were identified, and a molecular serotyping method for all C. sakazakii O serotypes, a multiplex PCR assay, was developed by screening against 136 strains of C. sakazakii and closely related species. The sensitivity of PCR-based serotyping method was determined to be 0.01 ng of genomic DNA and 10(3) CFU of each strain/ml. This study completes the elucidation of C. sakazakii O-antigen genetics and provides a molecular method suitable for the identification of C. sakazakii O1 to O7 strains.
Collapse
|
24
|
Dumont A, Malleron A, Awwad M, Dukan S, Vauzeilles B. Click-Mediated Labeling of Bacterial Membranes through Metabolic Modification of the Lipopolysaccharide Inner Core. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201108127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
|
25
|
Dumont A, Malleron A, Awwad M, Dukan S, Vauzeilles B. Click-mediated labeling of bacterial membranes through metabolic modification of the lipopolysaccharide inner core. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:3143-6. [PMID: 22323101 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201108127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2011] [Revised: 12/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Dumont
- Aix Marseille Université, Laboratoire de Chimie, Bactérienne (UMR 7283), Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, CNRS, 31 Chemin Joseph Aiguier, 13402 Marseille, France
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Perepelov AV, Liu B, Guo D, Senchenkova SN, Shahskov AS, Feng L, Wang L, Knirel YA. Structure elucidation of the O-Antigen of Salmonella enterica O51 and its structural and genetic relation to the O-Antigen of Escherichia coli O23. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2012; 76:774-9. [PMID: 21999538 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297911070078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The O-polysaccharide (O-antigen) of Salmonella enterica O51 was isolated by mild acid degradation of the lipopolysaccharide and its structure was established using sugar analysis and NMR spectroscopy. The O-antigen of Escherichia coli O23, whose structure was elucidated earlier, possesses a similar structure and differs only in the presence of an additional lateral α-D-Glcp residue at position 6 of the GlcNAc residue in the main chain. Sequencing of the O-antigen gene clusters of S. enterica O51 and E. coli O23 revealed the same genes with a high-level similarity. By comparison with opened gene databases, all genes expected for the synthesis of the common structure of the two O-antigens were assigned functions. It is suggested that the gene clusters of both bacteria originated from a common ancestor, whereas the O-antigen modification in E. coli O23, which, most probably, is induced by prophage genes outside the gene cluster, could be introduced after the species divergence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A V Perepelov
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Characterizing the Escherichia coli O157:H7 proteome including protein associations with higher order assemblies. PLoS One 2011; 6:e26554. [PMID: 22087229 PMCID: PMC3210124 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0026554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2011] [Accepted: 09/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The recent outbreak of severe infections with Shiga toxin (Stx) producing Escherichia coli (STEC) serotype O104:H4 highlights the need to understand horizontal gene transfer among E. coli strains, identify novel virulence factors and elucidate their pathogenesis. Quantitative shotgun proteomics can contribute to such objectives, allowing insights into the part of the genome translated into proteins and the connectivity of biochemical pathways and higher order assemblies of proteins at the subcellular level. Methodology/Principal Findings We examined protein profiles in cell lysate fractions of STEC strain 86-24 (serotype O157:H7), following growth in cell culture or bacterial isolation from intestines of infected piglets, in the context of functionally and structurally characterized biochemical pathways of E. coli. Protein solubilization in the presence of Triton X-100, EDTA and high salt was followed by size exclusion chromatography into the approximate Mr ranges greater than 280 kDa, 280-80 kDa and 80-10 kDa. Peptide mixtures resulting from these and the insoluble fraction were analyzed by quantitative 2D-LC-nESI-MS/MS. Of the 2521 proteins identified at a 1% false discovery rate, representing 47% of all predicted E. coli O157:H7 gene products, the majority of integral membrane proteins were enriched in the high Mr fraction. Hundreds of proteins were enriched in a Mr range higher than that predicted for a monomer supporting their participation in protein complexes. The insoluble STEC fraction revealed enrichment of aggregation-prone proteins, including many that are part of large structure/function entities such as the ribosome, cytoskeleton and O-antigen biosynthesis cluster. Significance Nearly all E. coli O157:H7 proteins encoded by prophage regions were expressed at low abundance levels or not detected. Comparative quantitative analyses of proteins from distinct cell lysate fractions allowed us to associate uncharacterized proteins with membrane attachment, potential participation in stable protein complexes, and susceptibility to aggregation as part of larger structural assemblies.
Collapse
|
28
|
Kutter EM, Skutt-Kakaria K, Blasdel B, El-Shibiny A, Castano A, Bryan D, Kropinski AM, Villegas A, Ackermann HW, Toribio AL, Pickard D, Anany H, Callaway T, Brabban AD. Characterization of a ViI-like phage specific to Escherichia coli O157:H7. Virol J 2011; 8:430. [PMID: 21899740 PMCID: PMC3184105 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-8-430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2011] [Accepted: 09/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Phage vB_EcoM_CBA120 (CBA120), isolated against Escherichia coli O157:H7 from a cattle feedlot, is morphologically very similar to the classic phage ViI of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi. Until recently, little was known genetically or physiologically about the ViI-like phages, and none targeting E. coli have been described in the literature. The genome of CBA120 has been fully sequenced and is highly similar to those of both ViI and the Shigella phage AG3. The core set of structural and replication-related proteins of CBA120 are homologous to those from T-even phages, but generally are more closely related to those from T4-like phages of Vibrio, Aeromonas and cyanobacteria than those of the Enterobacteriaceae. The baseplate and method of adhesion to the host are, however, very different from those of either T4 or the cyanophages. None of the outer baseplate proteins are conserved. Instead of T4's long and short tail fibers, CBA120, like ViI, encodes tail spikes related to those normally seen on podoviruses. The 158 kb genome, like that of T4, is circularly permuted and terminally redundant, but unlike T4 CBA120 does not substitute hmdCyt for cytosine in its DNA. However, in contrast to other coliphages, CBA120 and related coliphages we have isolated cannot incorporate 3H-thymidine (3H-dThd) into their DNA. Protein sequence comparisons cluster the putative "thymidylate synthase" of CBA120, ViI and AG3 much more closely with those of Delftia phage φW-14, Bacillus subtilis phage SPO1, and Pseudomonas phage YuA, all known to produce and incorporate hydroxymethyluracil (hmdUra).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bob Blasdel
- The Evergreen State College, Olympia, WA, USA
- Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Ayman El-Shibiny
- The Evergreen State College, Olympia, WA, USA
- Faculty of Environmental Agricultural Sciences, Suez Canal University, Egypt
| | - Anna Castano
- The Evergreen State College, Olympia, WA, USA
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, University of Colorado Children's Hospital, Denver, CO
| | | | - Andrew M Kropinski
- Laboratory for Foodborne Zoonoses, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, ON, Canada
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Andre Villegas
- Laboratory for Foodborne Zoonoses, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | | | - Ana L Toribio
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Genome Campus, Hinxton, England, UK
| | - Derek Pickard
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Genome Campus, Hinxton, England, UK
| | - Hany Anany
- Canadian Research Institute for Food Safety, University of Guelph, ON, Canada
- Microbiology Department, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Iguchi A, Shirai H, Seto K, Ooka T, Ogura Y, Hayashi T, Osawa K, Osawa R. Wide distribution of O157-antigen biosynthesis gene clusters in Escherichia coli. PLoS One 2011; 6:e23250. [PMID: 21876740 PMCID: PMC3158064 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0023250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2011] [Accepted: 07/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Most Escherichia coli O157-serogroup strains are classified as enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC), which is known as an important food-borne pathogen for humans. They usually produce Shiga toxin (Stx) 1 and/or Stx2, and express H7-flagella antigen (or nonmotile). However, O157 strains that do not produce Stxs and express H antigens different from H7 are sometimes isolated from clinical and other sources. Multilocus sequence analysis revealed that these 21 O157:non-H7 strains tested in this study belong to multiple evolutionary lineages different from that of EHEC O157:H7 strains, suggesting a wide distribution of the gene set encoding the O157-antigen biosynthesis in multiple lineages. To gain insight into the gene organization and the sequence similarity of the O157-antigen biosynthesis gene clusters, we conducted genomic comparisons of the chromosomal regions (about 59 kb in each strain) covering the O-antigen gene cluster and its flanking regions between six O157:H7/non-H7 strains. Gene organization of the O157-antigen gene cluster was identical among O157:H7/non-H7 strains, but was divided into two distinct types at the nucleotide sequence level. Interestingly, distribution of the two types did not clearly follow the evolutionary lineages of the strains, suggesting that horizontal gene transfer of both types of O157-antigen gene clusters has occurred independently among E. coli strains. Additionally, detailed sequence comparison revealed that some positions of the repetitive extragenic palindromic (REP) sequences in the regions flanking the O-antigen gene clusters were coincident with possible recombination points. From these results, we conclude that the horizontal transfer of the O157-antigen gene clusters induced the emergence of multiple O157 lineages within E. coli and speculate that REP sequences may involve one of the driving forces for exchange and evolution of O-antigen loci.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Iguchi
- Interdisciplinary Research Organization, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Perepelov AV, Liu B, Senchenkova SN, Guo D, Shevelev SD, Feng L, Shashkov AS, Wang L, Knirel YA. O-antigen structure and gene clusters of Escherichia coli O51 and Salmonella enterica O57; another instance of identical O-antigens in the two species. Carbohydr Res 2011; 346:828-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2011.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2010] [Revised: 02/17/2011] [Accepted: 02/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
31
|
Molecular characterization of Cronobacter lipopolysaccharide O-antigen gene clusters and development of serotype-specific PCR assays. Appl Environ Microbiol 2011; 77:4017-26. [PMID: 21531829 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00162-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cronobacter (formerly Enterobacter sakazakii) is a recently defined genus consisting of six species, C. sakazakii, C. malonaticus, C. dublinensis, C. muytjensii, C. turicensis, and Cronobacter genomospecies 1. In this study, MboII restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) patterns of O-antigen gene clusters, located between galF and gnd, were used to identify serotypes in Cronobacter spp. Seven O-antigen RFLP clusters were generated, including three C. sakazakii clusters, previously identified as serotypes O1, O2, and O3. The O-antigen regions of six strains with unique RFLP patterns, including two C. sakazakii strains, two C. malonaticus strains, one C. turicensis strain, and one C. muytjensii strain, revealed three O-antigen gene clusters shared among Cronobacter species. PCR assays were developed, targeting the wzx O-antigen polymerase gene, and used to screen 231 Cronobacter strains to determine the frequency of these newly identified serotypes.
Collapse
|
32
|
Li Y, Perepelov AV, Guo D, Shevelev SD, Senchenkova SN, Shahskov AS, Liu B, Wang L, Knirel YA. Structural and genetic relationships of two pairs of closely related O-antigens ofEscherichia coliandSalmonella enterica:E. coliO11/S. entericaO16 andE. coliO21/S. entericaO38. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-695x.2010.00771.x (2011)] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
33
|
Li Y, Perepelov AV, Guo D, Shevelev SD, Senchenkova SN, Shahskov AS, Liu B, Wang L, Knirel YA. Structural and genetic relationships of two pairs of closely related O-antigens ofEscherichia coliandSalmonella enterica:E. coliO11/S. entericaO16 andE. coliO21/S. entericaO38. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 61:258-68. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-695x.2010.00771.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
34
|
Cunneen MM, Pacinelli E, Song WC, Reeves PR. Genetic analysis of the O-antigen gene clusters of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis O:6 and O:7. Glycobiology 2011; 21:1140-6. [PMID: 21325338 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwr010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the 21 O-polysaccharide (OPS) O-antigen-based serotypes described for Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, those of O:6 and O:7 are unusual in that both contain colitose (4-keto-3,6-dideoxy-d-mannose or 4-keto-3,6-dideoxy-l-xylo-hexose), which has not otherwise been reported for this species, and the O:6 OPS also contains yersiniose A (4-C[(R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-3,6-dideoxy-d-xylo-hexose), another unusual dideoxyhexose sugar. In Y. pseudotuberculosis, the genes for OPS synthesis generally cluster together between the hemH and gsk loci. Here, we present the sequences of the OPS gene clusters of Y. pseudotuberculosis O:6 and O:7, and the location of the genes required for synthesis of these OPSs, except that there is still ambiguity regarding allocation of some of the glycosyltransferase functions. The O:6 and O:7 gene clusters have much in common with each other, but differ substantially from the group of 13 gene clusters already sequenced, which share several features and sequence similarities. We also present a possible sequence of events for the derivation of the O:6 and O:7 gene clusters from the most closely related set of 13 sequenced previously.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monica M Cunneen
- Division of Microbiology, School of Molecular Bioscience, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
MacLean LL, Liu Y, Vinogradov E, Perry MB. The structural characterization of the O-polysaccharide antigen of the lipopolysaccharide of Escherichia coli serotype O118 and its relation to the O-antigens of Escherichia coli O151 and Salmonella enterica O47. Carbohydr Res 2010; 345:2664-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2010.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2010] [Revised: 09/30/2010] [Accepted: 10/02/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
36
|
Liu B, Perepelov AV, Guo D, Shevelev SD, Senchenkova SN, Feng L, Shashkov AS, Wang L, Knirel YA. Structural and genetic relationships between the O-antigens ofEscherichia coliO118 and O151. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 60:199-207. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-695x.2010.00738.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
37
|
Liu B, Perepelov AV, Li D, Senchenkova SN, Han Y, Shashkov AS, Feng L, Knirel YA, Wang L. Structure of the O-antigen of Salmonella O66 and the genetic basis for similarity and differences between the closely related O-antigens of Escherichia coli O166 and Salmonella O66. Microbiology (Reading) 2010; 156:1642-1649. [DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.037325-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
O-antigen is a component of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria and is one of the most variable cell surface constituents, leading to major antigenic variability. The O-antigen forms the basis for bacterial serotyping. In this study, the O-antigen structure of Salmonella O66 was established, which differs from the known O-antigen structure of Escherichia coli O166 only in one linkage (most likely the linkage between the O-units) and O-acetylation. The O-antigen gene clusters of Salmonella O66 and E. coli O166 were found to have similar organizations, the only exception being that in Salmonella O66, the wzy gene is replaced by a non-coding region. The function of the wzy gene in E. coli O166 was confirmed by the construction and analysis of deletion and trans-complementation mutants. It is proposed that a functional wzy gene located outside the O-antigen gene cluster is involved in Salmonella O66 O-antigen biosynthesis, as has been reported previously in Salmonella serogroups A, B and D1. The sequence identity for the corresponding genes between the O-antigen gene clusters of Salmonella O66 and E. coli O166 ranges from 64 to 70 %, indicating that they may originate from a common ancestor. It is likely that after the species divergence, Salmonella O66 got its specific O-antigen form by inactivation of the wzy gene located in the O-antigen gene cluster and acquisition of two new genes (a wzy gene and a prophage gene for O-acetyl modification) both residing outside the O-antigen gene cluster.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, Tianjin 300457, PR China
- TEDA School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, 23 Hongda Street, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Andrei V. Perepelov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Dan Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, Tianjin 300457, PR China
- TEDA School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, 23 Hongda Street, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Sof'ya N. Senchenkova
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Yanfang Han
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, Tianjin 300457, PR China
- TEDA School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, 23 Hongda Street, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Alexander S. Shashkov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Lu Feng
- Tianjin Research Center for Functional Genomics and Biochip, Tianjin 300457, PR China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, Tianjin 300457, PR China
- TEDA School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, 23 Hongda Street, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Yuriy A. Knirel
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Lei Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, Tianjin 300457, PR China
- TEDA School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, 23 Hongda Street, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, PR China
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, PR China
- Tianjin Research Center for Functional Genomics and Biochip, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Perepelov AV, Dan Li, Bin Liu, Senchenkova SN, Dan Guo, Shashkov AS, Lu Feng, Knirel YA, Lei Wang. Structural and genetic characterization of the closely related O-antigens of Escherichia coli O85 and Salmonella enterica O17. Innate Immun 2010; 17:164-73. [DOI: 10.1177/1753425910369270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
O-Antigen is a part of the lipopolysaccharide present in the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, which confers major antigenic variability to the cell surface. In this study, we report on a previously undefined pair of Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica with closely related O-antigens. The O-polysaccharides were isolated from the lipopolysaccharides of E. coli O85 and S. enterica O17 by mild acid degradation and studied by sugar analysis and NMR spectroscopy. The following structure was established for the O-unit of the E. coli O85-polysaccharide: The S. enterica O17-polysaccharide has the same carbohydrate backbone and, in addition, contains an O-acetyl group at position 2 of ~80% β-Galf residues. The O-antigen gene cluster of E. coli O85 was found to be closely related to that of S. enterica O17. Screening of type strains of all E. coli and S. enterica O-serogroups revealed two genes specific to the E. coli O85 O-antigen gene cluster, which can be used for development of PCR-based assays for identification and detection of E. coli O85 strains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrei V. Perepelov
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation,
| | - Dan Li
- TEDA School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin, P. R. China, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Bin Liu
- TEDA School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin, P. R. China, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Sof'ya N. Senchenkova
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Dan Guo
- TEDA School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin, P. R. China, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Alexander S. Shashkov
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Lu Feng
- TEDA School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin, P. R. China, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, Tianjin, P. R. China, Tianjin Research Center for Functional Genomics and Biochip, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Yuriy A. Knirel
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Lei Wang
- TEDA School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin, P. R. China, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, Tianjin, P. R. China, Tianjin Research Center for Functional Genomics and Biochip, Tianjin, P. R. China, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Hu B, Perepelov AV, Liu B, Shevelev SD, Guo D, Senchenkova SN, Shashkov AS, Feng L, Knirel YA, Wang L. Structural and genetic evidence for the close relationship between Escherichia coli O71 and Salmonella enterica O28 O-antigens. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 59:161-9. [PMID: 20482625 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-695x.2010.00676.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
O-antigen is the most variable cell wall constituent of Gram-negative bacteria. Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica are closely related species. In this work, we present structural and genetic evidence for the close relationship between O-antigens of E. coli O71 and S. enterica O28. The E. coli O71 O-antigen was found to consist of tetrasaccharide-repeating units containing d-GalpNAc, d-Galp, l-Rhap, and d-Quip3NAc, with multiple O-acetyl lateral groups. It is very similar to the known structure of the S. enterica O28 O-antigen, which has the same backbone units, but with a lateral Glc residue instead of O-acetyl groups. The O-antigen gene clusters of E. coli O71 and S. enterica O28 were sequenced and found to contain the same genes with high-level similarity. All of the genes expected for the synthesis of the common backbone structure of the two O-antigens were identified based on homology. It is proposed that the two gene clusters had originated from the same ancestor, and diverged by acquiring prophage genes to carry out side-chain modifications. This is a new pair of the closely related E. coli and S. enterica O-serogroups. The serogroup-specific genes of E. coli O71 and S. enterica O28 were also identified.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Hu
- Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Liu B, Perepelov AV, Svensson MV, Shevelev SD, Guo D, Senchenkova SN, Shashkov AS, Weintraub A, Feng L, Widmalm G, Knirel YA, Wang L. Genetic and structural relationships of Salmonella O55 and Escherichia coli O103 O-antigens and identification of a 3-hydroxybutanoyltransferase gene involved in the synthesis of a Fuc3N derivative. Glycobiology 2010; 20:679-88. [PMID: 20147450 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwq015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
O-antigen (O-polysaccharide), a part of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, is one of the most variable cell constituents and is related to bacterial virulence. O-antigen diversity is almost entirely due to genetic variations in O-antigen gene clusters. In this study, the O-polysaccharide structures of Salmonella O55 and Escherichia coli O103 were elucidated by chemical analysis and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. It was found that the O-polysaccharides have similar pentasaccharide O-units, which differ only in one sugar (glucose versus N-acetylglucosamine) and in the N-acyl group (acetyl versus 3-hydroxybutanoyl) on 3-amino-3,6-dideoxy-d-galactose (d-Fuc3N). The Salmonella O55 antigen gene cluster was sequenced and compared with the E. coli O103 antigen gene cluster reported previously. The two gene clusters were found to share high-level similarity (DNA identity ranges from 53% to 76%), except for two putative acyl transferase genes (fdtC in Salmonella O55 and fdhC in E. coli O103) which show no similarity. Replacement of the fdtC gene in Salmonella O55 with the fdhC gene from E. coli O103 resulted in production of a modified O-antigen, which contains a 3-hydroxybutanoyl derivative of Fuc3N in place of 3-acetamido-3,6-dideoxygalactose. This finding strongly suggests that fdhC is a 3-hydroxybutanoyltransferase gene. The sequence similarity level suggested that the O-antigen gene clusters of Salmonella O55 and E. coli O103 originate from a common ancestor, and this evolutionary relationship is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Liu
- TEDA School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Tianjin, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Goswami P, Gyles C, Friendship R, Poppe C, Vinogradov E, Boerlin P. The Escherichia coli O149 rfb gene cluster and its use for the detection of porcine E. coli O149 by real-time PCR. Vet Microbiol 2010; 141:120-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2009.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2009] [Revised: 07/21/2009] [Accepted: 08/11/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
42
|
Abstract
The O antigen, consisting of many repeats of an oligosaccharide unit, is part of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. It is on the cell surface and appears to be a major target for both immune system and bacteriophages, and therefore becomes one of the most variable cell constituents. The variability of the O antigen provides the major basis for serotyping schemes of Gram-negative bacteria. The genes responsible for the synthesis of O antigen are usually in a single cluster known as O antigen gene cluster, and their location on the chromosome within a species is generally conserved. Three O antigen biosynthesis pathways including Wzx/Wzy, ABC-transporter and Synthase have been discovered. In this chapter, the traditional and molecular O serotyping schemes are compared, O antigen structures and gene clusters of well-studied species are described, processes for formation and distribution of the variety of O antigens are discussed, and finally, the role of O antigen in bacterial virulence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- TEDA School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, 23 Hongda Street, TEDA, Tianjin, 300457, China.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Genetic analysis for the lack of expression of the O157 antigen in an O Rough:H7 Escherichia coli strain. Appl Environ Microbiol 2009; 76:945-7. [PMID: 19948859 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02046-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The O-antigen (rfb) operon and related genes of MA6, an O rough:H7 Shiga-toxigenic Escherichia coli strain, were examined to determine the cause of the lack of O157 expression. A 1,310-bp insertion, homologous to IS629, was observed within its gne gene. trans complementation with a functional gne gene from O157:H7 restored O157 antigen expression in MA6.
Collapse
|
44
|
Perepelov AV, Liu B, Senchenkova SN, Shashkov AS, Feng L, Wang L, Knirel YA. Structure of O-antigen and functional characterization of O-antigen gene cluster of Salmonella enterica O47 containing ribitol phosphate and 2-acetimidoylamino-2,6-dideoxy-L-galactose. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2009; 74:416-20. [PMID: 19463095 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297909040099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
An O-polysaccharide was isolated by mild acid degradation of the lipopolysaccharide of Salmonella enterica O47 and studied by sugar analysis along with one- and two-dimensional 1H- and 13C-NMR spectroscopy. The following structure of the linear ribitol phosphate-containing repeating unit of the O-polysaccharide was established: -->2)-D-Ribitol-5-P-(O-->6)-alpha-D-Galp-(1-->3)-alpha-L-FucpNAm-(1-->3)-beta-D-GlcpNAc-(1-->, where FucNAm stands for 2-acetimidoylamino-2,6-dideoxy-L-galactose. About 10% of Gal is O-acetylated at position 4 and another minor O-acetyl group is present at an undetermined position. Functions of the S. enterica O47 antigen biosynthetic genes were tentatively assigned by comparison with gene databases and found to be in agreement with the O-polysaccharide structure. A comparison of the O-antigen gene clusters of S. enterica O47 and E. coli O145 suggested their close evolutionary relationship.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A V Perepelov
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Liu XW, Xia C, Li L, Guan WY, Pettit N, Zhang HC, Chen M, Wang PG. Characterization and synthetic application of a novel beta1,3-galactosyltransferase from Escherichia coli O55:H7. Bioorg Med Chem 2009; 17:4910-5. [PMID: 19560364 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2009.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2009] [Revised: 06/02/2009] [Accepted: 06/03/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
A beta1,3-galactosyltransferase (WbgO) was identified in Escherichia coli O55:H7. Its function was confirmed by radioactive activity assay and structure analysis of the disaccharide synthesized with the recombinant enzyme. WbgO requires a divalent metal ion, either Mn(2+) or Mg(2+), for its activity and is active between pH 6.0-8.0 with a pH optimum of 7.0. N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) and oligosaccharides with GlcNAc at the non-reducing end were shown to be its preferred substrates and it can be used for the synthesis of type 1 glycan chains from these substrates. Together with a recombinant bacterial GlcNAc-transferase, benzyl beta-lacto-N-tetraoside was synthesized with the purified WbgO to demonstrate the synthetic utility of WbgO.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xian-wei Liu
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and The State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, LuNeng Keji Dasha B 604, Shanda Nanlu 29-1, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Morales Betanzos C, Gonzalez-Moa MJ, Boltz KW, Vander Werf BD, Johnston SA, Svarovsky SA. Bacterial glycoprofiling by using random sequence peptide microarrays. Chembiochem 2009; 10:877-88. [PMID: 19243087 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200800716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Current analytical methods have been slow in addressing the growing need for glyco-analysis. A new generation of more empirical high-throughput (HTP) tools is needed to aid the advance of this important field. To this end, we have developed a new HTP screening platform for identification of surface-immobilized peptides that specifically bind O-antigenic glycans of bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS). This method involves screening of random sequence peptide libraries in addressable high-density microarray format with the newly developed luminescent LPS-quantum dot micelles. Screening of LPS fractions from O111:B4 and O55:B5 serotypes of E. coli on a microarray consisting of 10,000 20-mer peptide features revealed minor differences, while comparison of LPS from E. coli O111:B4 and P. aeruginosa produced sets of highly specific peptides. Peptides strongly binding to the E. coli LPS were highly enriched in aromatic and cationic amino acids, and most of these inhibited growth of E. coli. Flow cytometry and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) experiments showed that some of these peptides bind LPS in-solution with a K(d) of 1.75 microM. Peptide selections against P. aeruginosa were largely composed of hydrogen-bond forming amino acids in accordance with dramatic compositional differences in O-antigenic glycans in E. coli and P. aeruginosa. While the main value of this approach lies in the ability to rapidly differentiate bacterial and possibly other complex glycans, the peptides discovered here can potentially be used off-array as antiendotoxic and antimicrobial lead compounds, and on-array/on-bead as diagnostic and affinity reagents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Morales Betanzos
- Center for Innovations in Medicine, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, 1001 S. McAllister Avenue, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Beutin L, Jahn S, Fach P. Evaluation of the 'GeneDisc' real-time PCR system for detection of enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O26, O103, O111, O145 and O157 strains according to their virulence markers and their O- and H-antigen-associated genes. J Appl Microbiol 2009; 106:1122-32. [PMID: 19191965 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2008.04076.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To evaluate the GeneDisc multiplex real-time PCR assay for detection of enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O26, O103, O111, O145 and O157 strains. METHODS AND RESULTS GeneDiscs for detection of genes encoding Shiga toxins (stx), intimins (eae), E. coli O157 (rfbE(O157)) and H7 (fliC(H7)) antigens as well as genes specific for EHEC O26 (wzx(O26)), O103 (wzx(O103)), O111 (wbd1(O111)), O145 (ihp1(O145)) and O157 (ihp1(O157)) were evaluated. The assay was run with native bacteria in 1 h in a GeneDisc Cycler. All genotypes of stx and eae, except stx(2f) and eae-rho, were identified. Escherichia coli strains belonging to O-groups O26, O103, O111, O157 as well as EHEC O145:[H28] strains were specifically detected with this assay. The ihp1(O157) gene was not found specific for EHEC O157. O-rough mutants of EHEC and non-motile EHEC O157 strains were reliably identified with the GeneDisc assay. Two to three colonies of EHEC strains were still detectable in a lawn of 50 000 apathogenic E. coli from agar plates. CONCLUSIONS The GeneDisc assay is a specific and reliable assay for detection of major EHEC strains. It is robust enough to detect few EHEC colonies in mixed cultures of bacteria. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The assay is promising for its use in EHEC diagnostics and for EHEC monitoring with different kinds of samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Beutin
- Centre for Infectiology and Pathogen Characterization, Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
González-Fraga S, Pichel M, Binsztein N, Johnson JA, Morris JG, Stine OC. Lateral gene transfer of O1 serogroup encoding genes of Vibrio cholerae. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2008; 286:32-8. [PMID: 18616601 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2008.01251.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In Gram-negative bacteria, the O-antigen-encoding genes may be transferred between lineages, although mechanisms are not fully understood. To assess possible lateral gene transfer (LGT), 21 Argentinean Vibrio cholerae O-group 1 (O1) isolates were examined using multilocus sequence typing (MLST) to determine the genetic relatedness of housekeeping genes and genes from the O1 gene cluster. MSLT analysis revealed that 4.4% of the nucleotides in the seven housekeeping loci were variable, with six distinct genetic lineages identified among O1 isolates. In contrast, MLST analysis of the eight loci from the O1 serogroup region revealed that 0.24% of the 4943 nucleotides were variable. A putative breakpoint was identified in the JUMPstart sequence. Nine conserved nucleotides differed by a single nucleotide from a DNA uptake signal sequence (USS) also found in Pastuerellaceae. Our data indicate that genes in the O1 biogenesis region are closely related even in distinct genetic lineages, indicative of LGT, with a putative DNA USS identified at the defined boundary for the DNA exchange.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sol González-Fraga
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas-ANLIS Carlos G. Malbrán, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Albermann C, Beuttler H. Identification of the GDP-N-acetyl-d-perosamine producing enzymes from Escherichia coli O157:H7. FEBS Lett 2008; 582:479-84. [PMID: 18201574 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2008.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2007] [Revised: 12/24/2007] [Accepted: 01/04/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
GDP-N-acetyl-d-perosamine is a precursor of the LPS-O-antigen biosynthesis in Escherichia coli O157:H7. Like other GDP-6-deoxyhexoses, GDP-N-acetyl-d-perosamine is supposed to be synthesized via GDP-4-keto-6-deoxy-d-mannose, followed by a transamination- and an acetylation-reaction catalyzed by PerA and PerB. In this study, we have overproduced and purified PerA and PerB from E. coli O157:H7 in E. coli BL21. The recombinant proteins were partly characterized and the final product of the reaction catalyzed by PerB was shown to be GDP-N-acetyl-d-perosamine by chromatography, mass spectrometry, and 1H-NMR. The functional expression of PerB provides another enzymatically defined pathway for the synthesis of GDP-deoxyhexoses, which is needed to further study the corresponding glycosyltransferases in vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Albermann
- Institute of Microbiology, Universität Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Allmandring 31, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Navarro A, Eslava C, García de la Torre G, León LA, Licona D, León L, Zarco LA, Cravioto A. Common epitopes in LPS of different Enterobacteriaceae are associated with an immune response against Escherichia coli O157 in bovine serum samples. J Med Microbiol 2008; 56:1447-1454. [PMID: 17965343 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.47201-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies in both humans and animals conducted in Mexico have shown that the isolation frequency of Escherichia coli O157 : H7 is low. In a previous study, IgG antibodies against E. coli O157, O7 and O116 LPS were found in serum samples from children and adults with no previous history of E. coli O157 : H7 infection. The present study was designed to determine whether a similar immune response against E. coli O157 : H7 and other antigenically related bacteria was present in bovine serum samples. A total of 310 serum samples from different herds in Mexico was analysed by microagglutination assays against different enterobacterial antigens, including E. coli O157. Microagglutination assays were positive against E. coli O7 (55 %), O116 (76 %) and O157 (36 %), Escherichia hermannii (15 %), Salmonella enterica serotype Urbana (14 %) and Salmonella enterica subsp. arizonae (40 %). These results were confirmed using a specific ELISA with purified LPS. A positive reaction was observed against the LPS of E. coli O7 (29 %), O116 (12 %) and O157 (22 %), E. hermannii (4 %), Salmonella Urbana (13 %) and S. enterica subsp. arizonae (12 %). Serum absorption studies of positive serum samples indicated the existence of at least three common epitopes shared by the LPS of E. coli O7, O116 and O157, and two others between E. coli O157 and Salmonella Urbana and S. enterica subsp. arizonae. A bactericidal assay against E. coli O157 : H7 using 31 bovine serum samples was performed, and 22 (71 %) of these serum samples gave positive results. The data demonstrated that bovine serum showed a response against different enterobacteria, including E. coli O157, and that this response could be due to the presence of shared epitopes in the LPS of these organisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Armando Navarro
- Departamento de Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, D. F. 04510, Mexico
| | - Carlos Eslava
- Departamento de Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, D. F. 04510, Mexico
| | - Guadalupe García de la Torre
- Departamento de Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, D. F. 04510, Mexico
| | - Luis Antonio León
- Departamento de Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, D. F. 04510, Mexico
| | - Delia Licona
- Departamento de Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, D. F. 04510, Mexico
| | - Lemuel León
- Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Luis Alberto Zarco
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, D. F., Mexico
| | - Alejandro Cravioto
- Departamento de Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, D. F. 04510, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|