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Yang X, Liu Y, Li N, Peng X, Zhang Y, Zhang X, Liang L, Bian Z, Jiang H, Ding J. Analysis of the Brucella melitensis epidemic in Xinjiang: genotyping, polymorphism, antibiotic resistance and tracing. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob 2024; 23:71. [PMID: 39127671 DOI: 10.1186/s12941-024-00724-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Brucella spp. are facultative intracellular pathogens that cause zoonosis- brucellosis worldwide. There has been a trend of the re-emergence of brucellosis worldwide in recent years. The epidemic situation of brucellosis is serious in Xinjiang. To analyze the epidemic situation of Brucella spp. in Xinjiang among humans and animals, this study identified 144 Brucella isolates from Xinjiang using classical identification and 16 S rRNA sequencing. MLVA, drug resistance testing, and wgSNP detection were also performed. At the same time, analysis was conducted based on the published data of Brucella isolates worldwide. The results showed that the dominant species was B. melitensis biovar 3, which belonged to GT42 (MLVA-8 typing) and the East Mediterranean lineage. The correlation among isolates was high both in humans or animals. The isolates in Xinjiang exhibited higher polymorphism compared to other locations in China, with polymorphism increasing each year since 2010. No amikacin/kanamycin-resistant strains were detected, but six rifampicin-intermediate isolates were identified without rpoB gene variation. The NJ tree of the wgSNP results indicated that there were three main complexes of the B. melitensis epidemic in Xinjiang. Based on the results of this study, the prevention and control of brucellosis in Xinjiang should focus on B. melitensis, particularly strains belonging to B. melitensis bv.3 GT42 (MLVA-8 typing) and East Mediterranean lineage. Additionally, the rifampicin- and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole- resistance of isolates in Xinjiang should be closely monitored to avoid compromising the therapeutic efficacy and causing greater losses. These results provide essential data for the prevention and control of brucellosis in Xinjiang and China. Although the isolates from Xinjiang have significant characteristics among Chinese isolates and can reflect the epidemiological situation of brucellosis in China to some extent, this study cannot represent the characteristics of isolates from other regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biosafe Risk Prevention and Control (North), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yan Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumuqi, 830052, China
| | - Na Li
- Institute of Laboratory Animals Science, CAMS &PUMC, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Xiaowei Peng
- National Reference Laboratory for Animal Brucellosis, China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing, 102600, China
| | - Yinghui Zhang
- National Reference Laboratory for Animal Brucellosis, China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing, 102600, China
| | - Xiaoqian Zhang
- National Reference Laboratory for Animal Brucellosis, China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing, 102600, China
| | - Lin Liang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biosafe Risk Prevention and Control (North), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zengjie Bian
- National Reference Laboratory for Animal Brucellosis, China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing, 102600, China
| | - Hui Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biosafe Risk Prevention and Control (North), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Jiabo Ding
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biosafe Risk Prevention and Control (North), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Spernovasilis N, Karantanas A, Markaki I, Konsoula A, Ntontis Z, Koutserimpas C, Alpantaki K. Brucella Spondylitis: Current Knowledge and Recent Advances. J Clin Med 2024; 13:595. [PMID: 38276100 PMCID: PMC10816169 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13020595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The most prevalent zoonotic disease is brucellosis, which poses a significant threat for worldwide public health. Particularly in endemic areas, spinal involvement is a major source of morbidity and mortality and can complicate the course of the disease. The diagnosis of Brucella spondylitis is challenging and should be suspected in the appropriate epidemiological and clinical context, in correlation with microbiological and radiological findings. Treatment depends largely on the affected parts of the body. Available treatment options include antibiotic administration for an adequate period of time and, when appropriate, surgical intervention. In this article, we examined the most recent data on the pathophysiology, clinical manifestation, diagnosis, and management of spinal brucellosis in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Apostolos Karantanas
- Department of Medical Imaging, University Hospital of Heraklion, 71500 Heraklion, Greece;
- Advanced Hybrid Imaging Systems, Institute of Computer Science, FORTH, 71500 Heraklion, Greece
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Ioulia Markaki
- Internal Medicine Department, Thoracic Diseases General Hospital Sotiria, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Afroditi Konsoula
- Department of Pediatrics, General Hospital of Sitia, 72300 Sitia, Greece;
| | - Zisis Ntontis
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Venizeleio General Hospital of Heraklion, 71409 Heraklion, Greece;
| | - Christos Koutserimpas
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, “251” Hellenic Air Force General Hospital of Athens, 11525 Athens, Greece;
| | - Kalliopi Alpantaki
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Venizeleio General Hospital of Heraklion, 71409 Heraklion, Greece;
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Beig M, Moradkasani S, Goodarzi F, Sholeh M. Prevalence of Brucella melitensis and Brucella abortus Fluoroquinolones Resistant Isolates: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2024; 24:1-9. [PMID: 37862228 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2023.0063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Brucellosis impact both animals and humans worldwide. However, using antibiotics for brucellosis remains controversial despite decades of research. Relapse can complicate treatment in this area. Since the mid-1980s, microbiologists, and physicians have studied fluoroquinolones' use for treating human brucellosis. The principal advantages of fluoroquinolones are their intracellular antimicrobial activity, low nephrotoxicity, good pharmacokinetics, and the lack of drug-level monitoring. Fluoroquinolones inhibit disease recurrence. In vitro and clinical data were used to study the prevalence of Brucella melitensis and Brucella abortus fluoroquinolone-resistant isolates. Methods: The PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science databases were carefully searched until August 6, 2022, for relevant papers. The number of resistant isolates and sample size were used to estimate the proportion of resistant isolates, fitting a model with random effects, and DerSimonian-Laird estimated heterogeneity. Furthermore, meta-regression and subgroup analyses were used to assess the moderators to identify the sources of heterogeneity. Meta-analysis was performed using R software. Results: Forty-seven studies evaluated fluoroquinolone resistance in Brucella spp. Isolates. Fluoroquinolones have shown high in vitro efficacy against Brucella spp. The resistance rates to ofloxacin, sparfloxacin, fleroxacin, pefloxacin, and lomefloxacin were 2%, 1.6%, and 4.6%, respectively. Conclusion: Clinical in vitro tests demonstrated that fluoroquinolones can eradicate Brucella spp. Owing to first-line medication resistance, recurrence, and toxicity, it is essential to standardize the Brucella antimicrobial susceptibility test method for a more precise screening of resistance status. Fluoroquinolones are less resistant to fluoroquinolone-based treatments in modern clinical practice as alternatives to standard therapy for patients with brucellosis relapse after treatment with another regimen and in patients who have developed toxicity from older agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoumeh Beig
- Department of Bacteriology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Forough Goodarzi
- Department of Bacteriology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sholeh
- Department of Bacteriology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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Rahimi H, Tukmechi A, Rashidian E. Genetic diversity of Brucella melitensis isolates from sheep and goat milk in Iran. VETERINARY RESEARCH FORUM : AN INTERNATIONAL QUARTERLY JOURNAL 2023; 14:649-657. [PMID: 38174090 PMCID: PMC10759773 DOI: 10.30466/vrf.2023.1988859.3768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
The genetic diversity of Brucella strains has not been fully understood. To investigate this, the genetic characteristics of 64 isolates of Brucella melitensis from sheep and goats' milk were studied using random fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and multiple locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA-16) methods developed in Orsay, France (MLVA-16Orsay). The RFLP analysis revealed that all 64 isolates were of biovar one. The MLVA-typing showed that one sample was simultaneously infected with two strains of B. melitensis and the genotype of 65 isolate was analyzed. Four genotypes (47, 42, 43, and 63) were identified using MLVA-8 (panel 1), whereas six genotypes (138, 125, 116, 108, and two unknown genotypes) were identified using MLVA11 (panels 1 and 2A). From the review of MLVA-16 (panels 1, 2A, and 2B), panel 2B showed a very high discriminatory power. Two loci of Bruc04 and Bruc30 from this panel had diversity index values higher than 0.71 and the average diversity index was 0.619. So MLVA-16Orsay 34 showed the genotype indicating a low genetic homogeneity among the isolates. The findings of MLVA genotyping of the isolates suggest that strains of B. melitensis isolated from the milk of small ruminants in Iran are most closely related to the isolates from neighboring countries of the Eastern Mediterranean group. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to indicate the potential use of MLVA genotyping for simultaneous detection of specimen contamination using two different B. melitensis biovars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidar Rahimi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran;
| | - Amir Tukmechi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran;
| | - Ehsan Rashidian
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran.
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Rezaei Shahrabi A, Moradkasani S, Goodarzi F, Beig M, Sholeh M. Prevalence of Brucella melitensis and Brucella abortus tetracyclines resistance: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Microb Pathog 2023; 183:106321. [PMID: 37673354 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease that can be transmitted from animals to humans. Brucellosis is caused by bacteria of the genus Brucella, which are typically transmitted through contact with infected animals, unpasteurized dairy products, or airborne pathogens. Tetracyclines (tetracycline and doxycycline) are antibiotics commonly used to treat brucellosis; however, antibiotic resistance has become a major concern. This study assessed the worldwide prevalence of tetracycline-resistant Brucella isolates. METHODS A systematic search was conducted in Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, and EMBASE using relevant keywords and Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms until August 13, 2022, to identify relevant studies for meta-analysis. A random effects model was used to estimate the proportion of resistance. Meta-regression analysis, subgroup analysis, and examination of outliers and influential studies were also performed. RESULTS The prevalence rates of resistance to tetracycline and doxycycline were estimated to be 0.017 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.009-0.035) and 0.017 (95%CI, 0.011-0.026), respectively, based on 51 studies conducted from 1983 to 2020. Both drugs showed increasing resistance over time (tetracycline: r = 0.077, P = 0.012; doxycycline: r = 0.059, P = 0.026). CONCLUSION The prevalence of tetracycline and doxycycline resistance in Brucella was low (1.7%) but increased over time. This increase in tetracycline and doxycycline resistance highlights the need for further research to understand resistance mechanisms and develop more effective treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Forough Goodarzi
- Department of Bacteriology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Beig
- Department of Bacteriology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sholeh
- Department of Bacteriology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
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Celik E, Kayman T, Buyuk F, Gulmez Saglam A, Abay S, Akar M, Karakaya E, Balkan Bozlak CE, Coskun MR, Buyuk E, Celebi O, Sahin M, Saticioglu IB, Durhan S, Baykal A, Ersoy Y, Otlu S, Aydin F. The canonical Brucella species-host dependency is changing, however, the antibiotic susceptibility profiles remain unchanged. Microb Pathog 2023; 182:106261. [PMID: 37488036 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Brucellosis is a chronic disease caused by Brucella species with a wide range of hosts, from marine mammals to terrestrial species, but with strict host preferences. With the zoonotic character, the prevalence of human brucellosis cases is a reflection of animal infections. This study aimed to identify 192 Brucella isolates obtained from various sources by Bruce-ladder PCR and to determine their antibiotic susceptibilities by gradient diffusion method (E-test). As a result of the PCR, all human isolates (n = 57) were identified as B. melitensis. While 58 (82.9%) of the cattle isolates were identified as B. abortus, 59 (90.8%) of the sheep isolates were identified as B. melitensis. In addition, 12 (17.1%) of the cattle isolates and 6 (9.2%) of the sheep isolates were determined as B. melitensis and B. abortus, respectively. The primary host change behavior of B. melitensis was 1.9 times higher than that of B. abortus. While gentamicin and ciprofloxacin susceptibilities of Brucella isolates were 100%, tetracycline, doxycycline, streptomycin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and rifampicin susceptibilities were 99%, 99%, 97.4%, 91.7% and 83.9%, respectively. The lowest sensitivity of the isolates was determined against to cefoperazone as 26%. A triple-drug resistance was detected in 1 B. abortus isolate that included simultaneous resistance to cefoperazone, rifampicin, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. The high susceptibility profiles we found against to antibiotics such as tetracycline, doxycycline gentamicin and ciprofloxacin, used widely in treatment, are encouraging. However, the change in the canonical Brucella species-primary host preference suggests the need to reconsider eradication program, including updating vaccine formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Celik
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey.
| | - Tuba Kayman
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kırıkkale University, Kırıkkale, Turkey.
| | - Fatih Buyuk
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey
| | - Aliye Gulmez Saglam
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey
| | - Secil Abay
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Akar
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of Health Sciences, Bursa Yüksek İhtisas Training and Research Hospital, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Emre Karakaya
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Cigdem Eda Balkan Bozlak
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Health Research and Application Hospital, Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Reha Coskun
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey
| | - Eray Buyuk
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey
| | - Ozgur Celebi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey
| | - Mitat Sahin
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey
| | - Izzet Burcin Saticioglu
- Department of Aquatic Animal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Uludağ University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Seda Durhan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey
| | - Atakan Baykal
- Harakani Public Hospital, Medical Microbiology Laboratory, Kars, Turkey
| | - Yaren Ersoy
- Institute of Health Sciences, Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey
| | - Salih Otlu
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey
| | - Fuat Aydin
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
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Katsiolis A, Papadopoulos DK, Giantsis IA, Papageorgiou K, Zdragas A, Giadinis ND, Petridou E. Brucella spp. distribution, hosting ruminants from Greece, applying various molecular identification techniques. BMC Vet Res 2022; 18:202. [PMID: 35624476 PMCID: PMC9137169 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-022-03295-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Brucellosis still remains an endemic disease for both livestock and human in Greece, influencing the primary sector and national economy in general. Although farm animals and particularly ruminants constitute the natural hosts of the disease, transmission to humans is not uncommon, thus representing a serious occupational disease as well. Under this prism, knowledge concerning Brucella species distribution in ruminants is considered a high priority. There are various molecular methodologies for Brucella detection with however differential discriminant capacity. Hence, the aim of this survey was to achieve nationally Brucella epidemiology baseline genotyping data at species and subtype level, as well as to evaluate the pros and cons of different molecular techniques utilized for detection of Brucella species. Thirty-nine tissue samples from 30 domestic ruminants, which were found positive applying a screening PCR, were tested by four different molecular techniques i.e. sequencing of the 16S rRNA, the BP26 and the OMP31 regions, and the MLVA typing panel 1 assay of minisatellite markers. Results Only one haplotype was revealed from the 16S rRNA sequencing analysis, indicating that molecular identification of Brucella bacteria based on this marker might be feasible solely up to genus level. BP26 sequencing analysis and MLVA were in complete agreement detecting both B. melitensis and B. abortus. An interesting exception was observed in 11 samples, of lower quality extracted DNA, in which not all expected MLVA amplicons were produced and identification was based on the remaining ones as well as on BP26. On the contrary OMP31 failed to provide a clear band in any of the examined samples. Conclusions The present study reveals the constant circulation of Brucella bacteria in ruminants throughout Greece. Further, according to our results, BP26 gene represents a very good alternative to MLVA minisatellite assay, particularly in lower quality DNA samples. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12917-022-03295-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aristomenis Katsiolis
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitrios K Papadopoulos
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Western Macedonia, 53100, Florina, Greece
| | - Ioannis A Giantsis
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Western Macedonia, 53100, Florina, Greece.
| | - Konstantinos Papageorgiou
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Antonis Zdragas
- Veterinary Research Institute of Thessaloniki, Hellenic Agricultural Organization DEMETER (former NAGREF), Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Nektarios D Giadinis
- Clinic of Farm Animals, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Evanthia Petridou
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Arapović J, Kompes G, Dedić K, Teskeredžić S, Ostojić M, Travar M, Tihić N, Delić J, Skočibušić S, Zekiri-Sivro M, Verhaz A, Piljić D, Laura L, Duvnjak S, Zdelar-Tuk M, Arapović M, Šabotić E, Reil I, Nikolić J, Ahmetagić S, Cvetnić Ž, Habrun B, Bosilkovski M, Špičić S. Antimicrobial resistance profiles of human Brucella melitensis isolates in three different microdilution broths: First multicentre study in Bosnia and Herzegovina. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2022; 29:99-104. [PMID: 35182775 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2022.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brucellosis is a ubiquitous emergent bacterial zoonotic disease causing significant human morbidity in Bosnia and Herzegovina. So far, a high rate of resistant Brucella has been found worldwide. This study prospectively analysed the rates of resistance among human Brucella melitensis (B. melitensis) strains isolated in Bosnia and Herzegovina. METHODS This study included 108 B. melitensis isolates from 209 patients diagnosed at five medical centres in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The resistance profiles of the B. melitensis isolates for the 13 most commonly used antimicrobials were studied in standard Brucella broth (BB) and cation-adjusted Mueller-Hinton broth (CAMHB) supplemented with 4% lysed horse blood or 5% defibrinated sheep blood. RESULTS Of the 209 patients, B. melitensis blood cultures were positive for 111 (53.1%). Among the 108 isolates investigated, 91 (84.3%) were resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole on BB, but not on either CAMHB. Nearly all isolates (>90%) were resistant to azithromycin on BB and both CAMHBs. CONCLUSIONS We observed a high rate of B. melitensis resistance to azithromycin. The high rate of resistance to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole that we observed was related to BB, so an alternative broth should be used, such as the enriched CAMHBs in this study, for evaluating resistance to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Whole-genome sequencing studies are needed to understand the development of antimicrobial resistance in B. melitensis strains isolated from humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jurica Arapović
- University Clinical Hospital Mostar, Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina; School of Medicine, University of Mostar, Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
| | | | - Kanita Dedić
- Cantonal Hospital "Dr. Irfan Ljubijankic", Bihac, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | | | - Maja Ostojić
- University Clinical Hospital Mostar, Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Maja Travar
- University Clinical Centre of the Republic of Srpska, Banja Luka, The Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina; Faculty of Medicine, University of Banja Luka, Banja Luka, The Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Nijaz Tihić
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Banja Luka, Banja Luka, The Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Jasminka Delić
- Cantonal Hospital "Dr. Irfan Ljubijankic", Bihac, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Siniša Skočibušić
- University Clinical Hospital Mostar, Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina; School of Medicine, University of Mostar, Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | | | - Antonija Verhaz
- University Clinical Centre of the Republic of Srpska, Banja Luka, The Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina; Faculty of Medicine, University of Banja Luka, Banja Luka, The Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Dilista Piljić
- University Clinical Center Tuzla, Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Luka Laura
- Veterinary Institute of Herzegovina-Neretva Canton, Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | | | | | - Maja Arapović
- School of Medicine, University of Mostar, Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina; Veterinary Institute of Herzegovina-Neretva Canton, Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Enisa Šabotić
- Cantonal Hospital "Dr. Irfan Ljubijankic", Bihac, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Irena Reil
- Croatian Veterinary Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jadranka Nikolić
- University Clinical Hospital Mostar, Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina; School of Medicine, University of Mostar, Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Sead Ahmetagić
- University Clinical Center Tuzla, Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | | | | | - Mile Bosilkovski
- Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Faculty of Medicine, University Clinic for Infectious Diseases, Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia
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Yang X, Wang Y, Li J, Chen J, Liu J, Tian G, Zhao H, Piao D, Fan Y, Jiang H. Genetic characteristics of an amikacin-resistant Brucella abortus strain first isolated from Marmota himalayana. Microb Pathog 2022; 164:105402. [PMID: 35038548 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Brucella spp. are facultative intracellular pathogens that can persistently colonize animal host cells and cause zoonotic brucellosis. Brucellosis affects public health and safety and even affects economic development. Our lab found that a Brucella strain isolated from Marmota himalayana exhibited amikacin resistance. To annotate and analyze the potential resistance genes in this strain, we utilized sequencing platforms in this study and cloned potential resistance genes. The findings showed that the isolated strain belonged to B. abortus biovar 1 and was similar to B. abortus 2308. The isolate had amikacin resistance genes encoding aminoglycoside 3'-phosphotransferase. Based on the results of genome analysis, the isolated strain may have obtained amikacin resistance genes from Salmonella spp. through Tn3 family transposons. Notably, this study establishes a foundation for further research on the resistance mechanism of Brucella spp. and provides data that may be useful for the prevention and control of drug-resistant Brucella strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanzhi Wang
- School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
| | - Jiquan Li
- Qinghai Institute for Endemic Disease Prevention and Control, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Junjie Chen
- Tongliao Institute of Mongolian Medicine, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Jiayin Liu
- School of Public Health, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Guozhong Tian
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Hongyan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Dongri Piao
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Fan
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Hai Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
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10
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Kumari G, Doimari S, Suman Kumar M, Singh M, Singh DK. MLVA typing of Brucella melitensis and B. abortus isolates of animal and human origin from India. Anim Biotechnol 2021; 34:375-383. [PMID: 34487479 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2021.1971685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Brucellosis is a widely prevalent zoonotic disease of major public health significance. A collection of Brucella melitensis and Brucella abortus field isolates of animal and human origin were subjected to MLVA-15 typing followed by phylogeography studies. The MLVA-15 analysis of B. melitensis (n = 65) field isolates resulted in 48 different profiles. The panel I marker bruce45 was found to be most conserved, while the rest of the panel I markers showed low to moderate length polymorphism. Among the panel II markers, bruce04, bruce16 and bruce30 showed a high discriminatory index. The MLVA-15 typing of 13 B. abortus field isolates revealed 13 different genotypes with panel II markers showing higher discriminatory ability vis-à-vis panel I. The minimum spanning tree analysis (MST) in comparison with isolates from the international database revealed that all B. melitensis and B. abortus isolates from this study belonged to the 'Eastern Mediterranean' and the 'abortus C' lineage, respectively. The MLVA-15 typing could differentiate field isolates of B. abortus and B. melitensis originating from different regions, reaffirming the technique's potential of high resolution and suitability for local epidemiological studies. The MLVA scheme also has the advantage of comparison of local isolates with a worldwide database, allowing for phylogeographical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gita Kumari
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India
| | - Soni Doimari
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India
| | - M Suman Kumar
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India
| | - Maninder Singh
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Chatha, Jammu, India
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11
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Gültekin E, Uyanık MH, Albayrak A, Kılıç S. Investigation of antibiotic susceptibilities of Brucella Strains isolated from various clinical samples in eastern Turkey. Eur J Med Res 2021; 26:57. [PMID: 34134763 PMCID: PMC8207786 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-021-00527-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Brucellosis is a worldwide zoonotic disease that causes serious public health problems. This study aimed to identify Brucella strains isolated from various clinical samples by conventional and molecular methods and to determine antimicrobial susceptibilities against doxycycline (DOX), streptomycin (STR), ciprofloxacin (CIP) and rifampicin (RIF) by the gradient strip (E test) test method. Methods A total of 87 Brucella strains isolated from various clinical specimens between 2004 and 2018 were included in this study. While four of the 87 strains included in the study were identified only at the genus level, the remaining 83 strains were identified at the species level by the Real-Time Multiplex PCR (M-RT-PCR) method and conventional methods were used for biotyping. Results According to molecular identification results, 83 strains were identified as B. melitensis by the M-RT-PCR method, with 82 strains identified as Brucella melitensis biovar (bv) 3 and one as B. melitensis bv 1 according to the conventional biotyping method. Among the antibiotics studied, CIP was found to be the most active agent according to the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC)90 values. This was followed by DOX and STR, respectively. While all of the isolates were sensitive to CIP, DOX and STR, 18 (20.7%) strains were found to be moderately susceptible to RIF, with the highest values of MIC50 and MIC90. Conclusions In our study, all strains were identified as B. melitensis. DOX, STR, CIP and RIF used in the treatment of brucellosis were found to be effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esra Gültekin
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University, Erzincan, 24100, Turkey.
| | | | - Ayşe Albayrak
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Atatürk University Faculty of Medicine, Erzurum, 25240, Turkey
| | - Selçuk Kılıç
- Department of Microbiology Reference Laboratories and Biological Products, General Directorate of Public Health, Ankara, 06100, Turkey
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12
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Hegazy YM, Abdel-Hamid NH, Eldehiey M, Oreiby AF, Algabbary MH, Hamdy MER, Beleta EI, Martínez I, Shahein MA, García N, Eltholth M. Trans-species transmission of Brucellae among ruminants hampering brucellosis control efforts in Egypt. J Appl Microbiol 2021; 132:90-100. [PMID: 34091986 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This study aimed to identify the genotypic fingerprinting of Brucella melitensis biovar 3 isolates from ruminants in Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt, to compare with other peers globally and to highlight the epidemiology and potential causes of brucellosis control failure. METHODS AND RESULTS A multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis (MLVA 16) was carried out on 41 B. melitensis bv3 isolates, 31 from the preferential hosts (28 sheep and three goats) and 10 from atypical hosts (nine cattle and one buffalo), identified by bacteriological and molecular techniques. MLVA-16 analysis revealed 19 genotypes with nine as singletons. The most prevalent genotypes were M3_K.E (3,5,3,13,1,1,3,3,7,43,8,7,6,7,5,3), M13_K.E (3,5,3,13,1,1,3,3,7,43,8,5,8,7,7,3) and M5_K.E (3,5,3,13,1,1,3,3,7,43,8,4,8,7,11,3) circulating between different animal species. The B. melitensis isolation from aborted cows in farms that had never reared small ruminants indicates the likelihood of cow to cow B. melitensis transmission. Different genotypes of B. melitensis could be isolated from the same animal. The local geographic distribution of genotypes showed a very close genetic relatedness with genotypes reported outside the study area. Worldwide, our genotypes were mostly related to the Western Mediterranean lineage and less likely to the America's clonal lineage. CONCLUSION There is a high genetic similarity of B. melitensis bv3 genotypes among different ruminant species, and the same animal could be infected with different genotypes. There is a high probability of spreading of B. melitensis among atypical hosts in the absence of the original hosts. The genetic relatedness of B. melitensis bv3 genotypes in the study area with other different geographic areas highlighted the national and international ruminants movement role as a potential factor for maintaining B. melitensis infection. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Further investigations are required to understand the impact of the presence of more than one genotype of B. melitensis in the same animal on the efficacy of brucellosis control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamen Mohammed Hegazy
- Animal Medicine Department (Infectious Diseases), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Nour Hosny Abdel-Hamid
- Brucellosis Research Department, Animal Health Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Eldehiey
- Brucellosis Research Department, Animal Health Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Atef F Oreiby
- Animal Medicine Department (Infectious Diseases), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Magdy Hasanian Algabbary
- Animal Medicine Department (Infectious Diseases), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud E R Hamdy
- Brucellosis Research Department, Animal Health Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Eman Ibrahim Beleta
- Brucellosis Research Department, Animal Health Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Irene Martínez
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Momtaz Abdelhady Shahein
- Brucellosis Research Department, Animal Health Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Nerea García
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mahmoud Eltholth
- Hygiene and Preventive Medicine Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt.,Global Academy of Agriculture and Food Security, The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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13
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Seroprevalence of brucellosis in small ruminants and related risk behaviours among humans in different husbandry systems in Mali. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0245283. [PMID: 33481859 PMCID: PMC7822284 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0245283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mali has a high pastoral potential with diverse coexisting production systems ranging from traditional (nomadic, transhumant, sedentary) to commercial (fattening and dairy production) production systems. Each of those systems is characterised by close interactions between animals and humans, increasing the potential risk of transmission of zoonotic diseases. The nature of contact network suggests that the risks may vary according to species, production systems and behaviors. However, the study of the link between small ruminants and zoonotic diseases has received limited attention in Mali. The objective of this study was to assess brucellosis seroprevalence and determine how the husbandry systems and human behaviour expose animal and human to infection risk. A cross-sectional study using cluster sampling was conducted in three regions in Mali. Blood was collected from 860 small ruminants. The sera obtained were analysed using both Rose Bengal and cELISA tests. In addition, 119 farmers were interviewed using a structured questionnaire in order to identify the characteristics of farms as well as the risk behaviors of respondents. Husbandry systems were dominated by agro-pastoral systems followed by pastoral systems. The commercial farms (peri-urban and urban) represent a small proportion. Small ruminant individual seroprevalence was 4.1% [2.8–5.6% (95% CI)]. Herd seroprevalence was estimated at 25.2% [17.7–33.9% (95% CI)]. Peri-urban farming system was more affected with seroprevalence of 38.1% [18.1–61.5 (95% CI)], followed by pastoral farming system (24.3% [11.7–41.2 (95% CI)]). Identified risk behaviors of brucellosis transmission to animals were: exchange of reproductive males (30.2%); improper disposal of placentas in the farms (31.1%); and keeping aborted females in the herd (69.7%). For humans, risk factors were: close and prolonged contact with animals (51.2%); consumption of unpasteurized dairy products (26.9%); and assisting female animals during delivery without any protection (40.3%). This study observed a high seroprevalence of brucellosis in small ruminants and also identified risky practices that allow cross transmission between the two populations. This calls for control strategy using a multi-sectoral and multidimensional approach.
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14
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Sayour AE, Elbauomy E, Abdel-Hamid NH, Mahrous A, Carychao D, Cooley MB, Elhadidy M. MLVA fingerprinting of Brucella melitensis circulating among livestock and cases of sporadic human illness in Egypt. Transbound Emerg Dis 2020; 67:2435-2445. [PMID: 32304280 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Brucella melitensis is a serious public health threat, with human infection exhibiting acute febrile illness and chronic health problems. The present study investigated the genetic diversity and epidemiological links of the important zoonotic bacterium B. melitensis in Egypt using multilocus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA-16) including eight minisatellite (panel 1) and eight microsatellite (panel 2, subdivided into 2A and 2B) markers. A total of 118 isolates were identified as B. melitensis biovar 3 by classical biotyping and Bruce-ladder assay. Although B. melitensis is primarily associated with infection in sheep and goats, most of B. melitensis isolates in this study were obtained from secondary hosts (cattle, buffaloes, humans and a camel) suggesting cross-species adaptation of B. melitensis to large ruminants in Egypt. The MLVA-16 scheme competently discriminated 70 genotypes, with 51 genotypes represented by single isolates, and the remaining 19 genotypes were shared among 67 isolates, suggesting both sporadic and epidemiologically related characteristics of B. melitensis infection. Matching of local genotypes with representatives of global genotypes revealed that the majority of Egyptian isolates analysed had a West Mediterranean descendance. As this study represents the first comprehensive genotyping and genetic analysis of B. melitensis from different sources in Egypt, the information generated from this study will augment knowledge about the main epidemiological links associated with this bacterium and will allow a better understanding of the current epidemiological situation of brucellosis in Egypt. Ultimately, this will help to adopt effective brucellosis intervention strategies in Egypt and other developing nations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf E Sayour
- Department of Brucellosis Research, Animal Health Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Essam Elbauomy
- Department of Brucellosis Research, Animal Health Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Nour H Abdel-Hamid
- Department of Brucellosis Research, Animal Health Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ayman Mahrous
- Department of Zoonoses, General Organization for Veterinary Services (GOVS), Giza, Egypt
| | - Diana Carychao
- Produce Safety and Microbiology Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, Western Regional Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Albany, CA, USA
| | - Michael B Cooley
- Produce Safety and Microbiology Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, Western Regional Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Albany, CA, USA
| | - Mohamed Elhadidy
- Zewail City of Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt.,Department of Bacteriology, Mycology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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15
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Abdel-Hamid NH, El-Bauomy EM, Ghobashy HM, Shehata AA. Genetic variation of Brucella isolates at strain level in Egypt. Vet Med Sci 2020; 6:421-432. [PMID: 32266769 PMCID: PMC7397911 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, Multiple Locus Variable Number Tandem Repeat Analysis (MLVA‐16) was performed on 18 Brucella isolates identified bacteriologically and molecularly (AMOS‐PCR) as Brucella abortus (n = 6) and Brucella melitensis (n = 12). This was aimed to study the genetic association among some Egyptian Brucella genotypes isolated during the period from 2002 to 2013 along with the global genotypes database. MLVA‐16 analysis for B. melitensis and B. abortus strains illustrates a total of 11, and 3 genotypes with 10 and 1 singleton genotypes, respectively. B. melitensis strains displayed greater markers diversity by VNTRs analysis of the 16 loci than B. abortus and this was attributed mainly to the diverging in panel 2B markers. B. melitensis genotype M4_Fayoum_Giza (3,5,3,13,1,1,3,3,8,21,8,7,5,9,5,3) was the only predominated genotype circulating between two different governorates. The most common B. abortus genotype, GT A3_Dakahlia (4,5,4,12,2,2,3,3,6,21,8,4,4,3,4,4), was present in three identical isolates. In phylogeny, Egyptian B. abortus bv1 genotypes were closely related to East Asian strain (for the first time), Western Mediterranean and Americas clonal lineages. B. melitensis local genotypes exhibit a genetic relatedness mostly to Western Mediterranean clonal lineage and one strain of Eastern Mediterranean clonal lineage. In conclusion, the geographic location is not the only factor stands behind the high genetic similarity of the Egyptian Brucella genotypes. These low variations may be a result of a stepwise mutational event of the most variable loci from a very limited number of ancestors especially during the transmission through non‐preference hosts. The authors encourage the authorities in charge to establish pre‐movement testing to reduce the risk of brucellosis spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nour H Abdel-Hamid
- Department of Brucellosis Research, Animal Health Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Dokki, Egypt
| | - Essam M El-Bauomy
- Department of Brucellosis Research, Animal Health Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Dokki, Egypt
| | - Hazem M Ghobashy
- Department of Brucellosis Research, Animal Health Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Dokki, Egypt
| | - Abeer A Shehata
- Fayoum Regional Laboratory, Animal Health Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Fayoum, Egypt
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16
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Prediction of Human Brucellosis in China Based on Temperature and NDVI. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16214289. [PMID: 31694212 PMCID: PMC6862670 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16214289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Brucellosis occurs periodically and causes great economic and health burdens. Brucellosis prediction plays an important role in its prevention and treatment. This paper establishes relationships between human brucellosis (HB) and land surface temperature (LST), and the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). A seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average with exogenous variables (SARIMAX) model is constructed to predict trends in brucellosis rates. The fitted results (Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) = 807.58, Schwarz Bayes Criterion (SBC) = 819.28) showed obvious periodicity and a rate of increase of 138.68% from January 2011 to May 2016. We found a significant effect between HB and NDVI. At the same time, the prediction part showed that the highest monthly incidence per year has a decreasing trend after 2015. This may be because of the brucellosis prevention and control measures taken by the Chinese Government. The proposed model allows the early detection of brucellosis outbreaks, allowing more effective prevention and control.
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17
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Antimicrobial Resistance in Leptospira, Brucella, and Other Rarely Investigated Veterinary and Zoonotic Pathogens. Microbiol Spectr 2019; 6. [PMID: 30027885 DOI: 10.1128/microbiolspec.arba-0029-2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Leptospira, Brucella, and Borrelia are major agents of zoonotic disease, causing high morbidity and, in some cases, significant mortality in humans. For all three genera, prompt diagnosis and appropriate antimicrobial therapy are required to prevent the development of chronic, debilitating illness. Leptospira spp. are intrinsically resistant to several antimicrobial classes; however, there is little evidence in the literature for development of acquired resistance to antimicrobial agents used for clinical treatment of acute leptospirosis. For Brucella infections, there are numerous reports of relapses following therapy, but it is unclear whether this is due to sequestration within infected sites (e.g., bone) or the development of acquired resistance. Brucella have maintained their susceptibility to doxycycline and rifampicin, which in combination remain the most common treatments of brucellosis in humans. In vitro induced point mutations are described as imparting resistance to rifampicin (rpoB) and fluoroquinolones (gyrA). The clinical significance of these mutations is unclear. For Borrelia burgdorferi, although acquired resistance to some antimicrobial agents has been described, resistance due to bacterial persister cells surviving in the presence of antimicrobial, with no apparent increase in the MIC of the organism, have been recently described. Of the remaining veterinary fastidious pathogens, Lawsonia intracellularis is the most interesting from an antimicrobial resistance perspective because it can only be grown in cell culture, making in vitro susceptibility testing challenging. MIC testing has been undertaken on a small number of isolates, and some differences in susceptibility to macrolides have been demonstrated between isolates obtained from different regions.
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18
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Facciolà A, Palamara MA, D’Andrea G, Marano F, Magliarditi D, Puglisi G, Picerno I, Di Pietro A, Visalli G. Brucellosis is a public health problem in southern Italy: Burden and epidemiological trend of human and animal disease. J Infect Public Health 2018; 11:861-866. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2018.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/15/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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19
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Liu ZG, Wang LJ, Piao DR, Wang M, Liu RH, Zhao HY, Cui BY, Jiang H. Molecular Investigation of the Transmission Pattern of Brucella suis 3 From Inner Mongolia, China. Front Vet Sci 2018; 5:271. [PMID: 30420955 PMCID: PMC6215816 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2018.00271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Brucellosis is an endemic disease in China affecting both humans and livestock. The aim of the present study was to analyze two Brucella strains isolated from sheep spleens from Ulanqab in Inner Mongolia, China using classical and molecular typing techniques. The two strains were identified as Brucella suis biovar 3 and were closely related to isolates previously obtained from two different hosts (human and swine) in Guangxi Province. Our results suggest that B. suis can be directly or indirectly transferred from swine to sheep, which act as reservoirs for B. suis infection and later transmitted to humans. Multiple locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) is a useful tool for tracing the geographical origin of brucellosis infections and elucidating its transmission patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Guo Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Center for Comprehensive Disease Control and Prevention, Huhhot, China
| | - Li-Jun Wang
- Hulun Buir People's Hospital of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hohhot, China
| | - Dong-Ri Piao
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Miao Wang
- Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Center for Comprehensive Disease Control and Prevention, Huhhot, China
| | - Ri-Hong Liu
- Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Center for Comprehensive Disease Control and Prevention, Huhhot, China
| | - Hong-Yan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Bu-Yun Cui
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Hai Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.,Brucellosis Prevention and Treatment Engineering Technology Research Center of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Regeion, Tongliao, China
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20
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Sun M, Jing Z, Di D, Yan H, Zhang Z, Xu Q, Zhang X, Wang X, Ni B, Sun X, Yan C, Yang Z, Tian L, Li J, Fan W. Multiple Locus Variable-Number Tandem-Repeat and Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism-Based Brucella Typing Reveals Multiple Lineages in Brucella melitensis Currently Endemic in China. Front Vet Sci 2017; 4:215. [PMID: 29312964 PMCID: PMC5735110 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2017.00215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Brucellosis is a worldwide zoonotic disease caused by Brucella spp. In China, brucellosis is recognized as a reemerging disease mainly caused by Brucella melitensis specie. To better understand the currently endemic B. melitensis strains in China, three Brucella genotyping methods were applied to 110 B. melitensis strains obtained in past several years. By MLVA genotyping, five MLVA-8 genotypes were identified, among which genotypes 42 (1-5-3-13-2-2-3-2) was recognized as the predominant genotype, while genotype 63 (1-5-3-13-2-3-3-2) and a novel genotype of 1-5-3-13-2-4-3-2 were second frequently observed. MLVA-16 discerned a total of 57 MLVA-16 genotypes among these Brucella strains, with 41 genotypes being firstly detected and the other 16 genotypes being previously reported. By BruMLSA21 typing, six sequence types (STs) were identified, among them ST8 is the most frequently seen in China while the other five STs were firstly detected and designated as ST137, ST138, ST139, ST140, and ST141 by international multilocus sequence typing database. Whole-genome sequence (WGS)-single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based typing and phylogenetic analysis resolved Chinese B. melitensis strains into five clusters, reflecting the existence of multiple lineages among these Chinese B. melitensis strains. In phylogeny, Chinese lineages are more closely related to strains collected from East Mediterranean and Middle East countries, such as Turkey, Kuwait, and Iraq. In the next few years, MLVA typing will certainly remain an important epidemiological tool for Brucella infection analysis, as it displays a high discriminatory ability and achieves result largely in agreement with WGS-SNP-based typing. However, WGS-SNP-based typing is found to be the most powerful and reliable method in discerning Brucella strains and will be popular used in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjun Sun
- Laboratory of Zoonoses, Chinese Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhigang Jing
- Laboratory of Zoonoses, Chinese Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Dongdong Di
- Laboratory of Zoonoses, Chinese Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Hao Yan
- Xinjiang Center of Animal Disease Control, Urumqi, China
| | - Zhicheng Zhang
- Laboratory of Exotic Disease, Chinese Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Quangang Xu
- Department of Animal Disease Epidemiological Investigation, Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiyue Zhang
- Laboratory of Zoonoses, Chinese Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Xun Wang
- Laboratory of Zoonoses, Chinese Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Bo Ni
- Laboratory of Zoonoses, Chinese Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiangxiang Sun
- Laboratory of Zoonoses, Chinese Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Chengxu Yan
- Xinjiang Center of Animal Disease Control, Urumqi, China
| | - Zhen Yang
- Laboratory of Zoonoses, Chinese Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Lili Tian
- Laboratory of Zoonoses, Chinese Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Jinping Li
- Xinjiang Center of Animal Disease Control, Urumqi, China
| | - Weixing Fan
- Laboratory of Zoonoses, Chinese Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, China
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21
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Tian GZ, Cui BY, Piao DR, Zhao HY, Li LY, Liu X, Xiao P, Zhao ZZ, Xu LQ, Jiang H, Li ZJ. Multi-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis of Chinese Brucella strains isolated from 1953 to 2013. Infect Dis Poverty 2017; 6:89. [PMID: 28460642 PMCID: PMC5412030 DOI: 10.1186/s40249-017-0296-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brucellosis was a common human and livestock disease caused by Brucella strains, the category B priority pathogens by the US Center for Disease Control (CDC). Identified as a priority disease in human and livestock populations, the increasing incidence in recent years in China needs urgent control measures for this disease but the molecular background important for monitoring the epidemiology of Brucella strains at the national level is still lacking. METHODS A total of 600 Brucella isolates collected during 60 years (from 1953 to 2013) in China were genotyped by multiple locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) and the variation degree of MLVA11 loci was calculated by the Hunter Gaston Diversity Index (HGDI) values. The charts and map were processed by Excel 2013, and cluster analysis and epidemiological distribution was performed using BioNumerics (version 5.1). RESULTS The 600 representative Brucella isolates fell into 104 genotypes with 58 singleton genotypes by the MLVA11 assay, including B. melitensis biovars 2 and 3 (five main genotypes), B. abortus biovars 1 and 3 (two main genotypes), B. suis biovars 1 and 3 (three main genotypes), and B. canis (two main genotypes) respectively. While most B. suis biovar 1 and biovar 3 were respectively found in northern provinces and southern provinces, B. melitensis and B. abortus strains were dominant in China. Canine Brucellosis was only found in animals without any human cases reported. Eight Brucellosis epidemic peaks emerged during the 60 years between 1953 and 2013: 1955 - 1959, 1962 - 1969, 1971 - 1975, 1977 - 1983, 1985 - 1989, 1992 - 1997, 2000 - 2008 and 2010 - 2013 in China. CONCLUSIONS Brucellosis has its unique molecular epidemiological patterns with specific spatial and temporal distribution according to MLVA. TRIAL REGISTRATION IDOP-D-16-00101.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Zhong Tian
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Bu-Yun Cui
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Dong-Ri Piao
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Hong-Yan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Lan-Yu Li
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Xi Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Pei Xiao
- National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Zhong-Zhi Zhao
- Department of Brucellosis Prevention and Control, Qinghai Institute for Endemic Disease Prevention and Control, Xining, 811602, China
| | - Li-Qing Xu
- Department of Brucellosis Prevention and Control, Qinghai Institute for Endemic Disease Prevention and Control, Xining, 811602, China
| | - Hai Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, 102206, China.
| | - Zhen-Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, 102206, China.
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Hanot Mambres D, Boarbi S, Michel P, Bouker N, Escobar-Calle L, Desqueper D, Fancello T, Van Esbroeck M, Godfroid J, Fretin D, Mori M. Imported human brucellosis in Belgium: Bio and molecular typing of bacterial isolates, 1996-2015. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0174756. [PMID: 28384245 PMCID: PMC5383062 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The aim of this study was to characterize by classical biotyping and Multi-Locus variable number tandem repeats (VNTR) Analysis (MLVA) all Brucella spp. derived from human cases in Belgium from 1996 to 2015. Final goals were to determine the species and biovar, to trace-back on genetic grounds the origin of each strain when patient history and risk factors were missing, and to survey for particular trends at the national level. Methods A total of 37 Brucella strains, isolated from 37 patients in Belgium, were analyzed by both classical biotyping and MLVA, and the genetic patterns compared to those of human strains isolated worldwide. Results Classical biotyping revealed that isolates were mainly Brucella melitensis. Most of them belonged to biovar 3, the most abundant biovar in the Mediterranean region. MLVA confirmed that Brucella melitensis is too diverse in VNTRs to be able to make clusters associated to each biovar, but it allowed retrieving precious epidemiological information. The analysis highlighted the imported nature of the strains from all over the world with a dominant part from the Mediterranean countries. Findings of the MLVA11 testing were in line with the travel history of patients coming from Italy, Turkey, Lebanon and Peru. The analysis was particularly useful because it suggested the geographical origin of the infection for 12/16 patients for whom no case history was available. Conclusion Classical biotyping and MLVA analysis are not exclusive but remain complementary tools for Brucella melitensis strain surveillance. MLVA11 is sufficient for Brucella-free countries such as Belgium to trace the geographical origin of infection, but complete MLVA16 is needed to search for links with endemic areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Hanot Mambres
- Bacterial Zoonoses of Livestock, Operational Directorate Bacterial Diseases, Veterinary and Agrochemical Research Centre, CODA-CERVA, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Samira Boarbi
- Bacterial Zoonoses of Livestock, Operational Directorate Bacterial Diseases, Veterinary and Agrochemical Research Centre, CODA-CERVA, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Patrick Michel
- Bacterial Zoonoses of Livestock, Operational Directorate Bacterial Diseases, Veterinary and Agrochemical Research Centre, CODA-CERVA, Brussels, Belgium
- National Reference Centre for Human Brucellosis, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nora Bouker
- Bacterial Zoonoses of Livestock, Operational Directorate Bacterial Diseases, Veterinary and Agrochemical Research Centre, CODA-CERVA, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Luisa Escobar-Calle
- Bacterial Zoonoses of Livestock, Operational Directorate Bacterial Diseases, Veterinary and Agrochemical Research Centre, CODA-CERVA, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Damien Desqueper
- Bacterial Zoonoses of Livestock, Operational Directorate Bacterial Diseases, Veterinary and Agrochemical Research Centre, CODA-CERVA, Brussels, Belgium
- National Reference Centre for Human Brucellosis, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Tiziano Fancello
- Bacterial Zoonoses of Livestock, Operational Directorate Bacterial Diseases, Veterinary and Agrochemical Research Centre, CODA-CERVA, Brussels, Belgium
- National Reference Centre for Human Brucellosis, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marjan Van Esbroeck
- National Reference Centre for Human Brucellosis, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jacques Godfroid
- Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, University of Tromsø - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - David Fretin
- Bacterial Zoonoses of Livestock, Operational Directorate Bacterial Diseases, Veterinary and Agrochemical Research Centre, CODA-CERVA, Brussels, Belgium
- National Reference Centre for Human Brucellosis, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marcella Mori
- Bacterial Zoonoses of Livestock, Operational Directorate Bacterial Diseases, Veterinary and Agrochemical Research Centre, CODA-CERVA, Brussels, Belgium
- National Reference Centre for Human Brucellosis, Brussels, Belgium
- * E-mail:
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Razzaghi R, Rastegar R, Momen-Heravi M, Erami M, Nazeri M. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Brucella melitensis isolated from patients with acute brucellosis in a centre of Iran. Indian J Med Microbiol 2016; 34:342-5. [DOI: 10.4103/0255-0857.188336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Gwida M, El-Ashker M, Melzer F, El-Diasty M, El-Beskawy M, Neubauer H. Use of serology and real time PCR to control an outbreak of bovine brucellosis at a dairy cattle farm in the Nile Delta region, Egypt. Ir Vet J 2016; 69:3. [PMID: 26913182 PMCID: PMC4765200 DOI: 10.1186/s13620-016-0062-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bovine brucellosis remains one of the most prevalent zoonotic infections affecting dairy cattle in developing countries where the applied control programs often fail. We analyzed the epidemiologic pattern of bovine brucellosis in a dairy cattle herd that showed several cases of abortions after regular vaccination with RB51 (B. abortus vaccine). In 2013 thirty dairy cows, from a Holstein-Friesian dairy herd with a population of 600 cattle, aborted five months post vaccination by a regular RB51 vaccine. Blood samples were drawn from milking cows and growing heifers, as well as heifers and cows pregnant up to 6 months. These samples were collected in June 2013 (n = 257) and May 2014 (n = 263) and were tested by real time (rt)-PCR as well as serological tests, in particular Rose Bengal Test (RBT), Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays (ELISA) and Fluorescence Polarization Assay. Tissue specimens were also collected from an aborted fetus and cultured. Isolates were subjected to bacteriological typing tests at the genus and species levels. Results Five months post vaccination with RB51 vaccine, Brucella (B.) DNA was detected in blood samples of cows by rt-PCR. The serological tests also revealed the spread of Brucella field strains within the herd in 2013. Four Brucella isolates were recovered from specimens collected from the aborted fetus. These isolates were typed as follows: one B. abortus RB51 vaccine strain and three isolates of B. abortus field strain. The seropositive cows with positive rt-PCR might indicate an infection by the Brucella field strain; while the positive rt-PCR results from seronegative animals may either be due to circulating RB51 vaccine DNA in vaccinated animals or to circulating field strain in infected animals before seroconversion. Conclusion The results herein suggest that PCR can be a good supplementary tool in an outbreak situation, if an assay is available that can differentiate vaccine and field strains with a high analytical sensitivity. We recommend using RBT and ELISA in parallel in outbreak situations, to identify as many infected animals as possible during the initial screenings. This test procedure should be repeated for at least three successive negative tests, with one month interval.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayada Gwida
- Department of Hygiene and Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516 Egypt ; Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute (FLI), Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Maged El-Ashker
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516 Egypt ; Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute (FLI), Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Falk Melzer
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute (FLI), Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Mohamed El-Diasty
- Animal Health Research Institute-Mansoura Provincial Laboratory, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mohamed El-Beskawy
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516 Egypt
| | - Heinrich Neubauer
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute (FLI), Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, 07743 Jena, Germany
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Silbereisen A, Tamborrini M, Wittwer M, Schürch N, Pluschke G. Development of a bead-based Luminex assay using lipopolysaccharide specific monoclonal antibodies to detect biological threats from Brucella species. BMC Microbiol 2015; 15:198. [PMID: 26438077 PMCID: PMC4595103 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-015-0534-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brucella, a Gram-negative bacterium, is classified as a potential bioterrorism agent mainly due to the low dose needed to cause infection and the ability to transmit the bacteria via aerosols. Goats/sheep, cattle, pigs, dogs, sheep and rodents are infected by B. melitensis, B. abortus, B. suis, B. canis, B. ovis and B. neotomae, respectively, the six classical Brucella species. Most human cases are caused by B. melitensis and B. abortus. Our aim was to specifically detect Brucellae with 'smooth' lipopolysaccharide (LPS) using a highly sensitive monoclonal antibody (mAb) based immunological assay. METHODS To complement molecular detection systems for potential bioterror agents, as required by international biodefense regulations, sets of mAbs were generated by B cell hybridoma technology and used to develop immunological assays. The combination of mAbs most suitable for an antigen capture assay format was identified and an immunoassay using the Luminex xMAP technology was developed. RESULTS MAbs specific for the LPS O-antigen of Brucella spp. were generated by immunising mice with inactivated B. melitensis or B. abortus cells. Most mAbs recognised both B. melitensis and B. abortus and antigen binding was not impeded by inactivation of the bacterial cells by γ irradiation, formalin or heat treatment, a step required to analyse the samples immunologically under biosafety level two conditions. The Luminex assay recognised all tested Brucella species with 'smooth' LPS with detection limits of 2×10(2) to 8×10(4) cells per mL, depending on the species tested. Milk samples spiked with Brucella spp. cells were identified successfully using the Luminex assay. In addition, the bead-based immunoassay was integrated into a multiplex format, allowing for simultaneous, rapid and specific detection of Brucella spp., Bacillus anthracis, Francisella tularensis and Yersinia pestis within a single sample. CONCLUSION Overall, the robust Luminex assay should allow detection of Brucella spp. in both natural outbreak and bio-threat situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelika Silbereisen
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland. .,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Marco Tamborrini
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland. .,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Matthias Wittwer
- Federal Office for Civil Protection, Spiez Laboratory, Spiez, Switzerland.
| | - Nadia Schürch
- Federal Office for Civil Protection, Spiez Laboratory, Spiez, Switzerland.
| | - Gerd Pluschke
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland. .,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
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Barbosa Pauletti R, Reinato Stynen AP, Pinto da Silva Mol J, Seles Dorneles EM, Alves TM, de Sousa Moura Souto M, Minharro S, Heinemann MB, Lage AP. Reduced Susceptibility to Rifampicin and Resistance to Multiple Antimicrobial Agents among Brucella abortus Isolates from Cattle in Brazil. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0132532. [PMID: 26181775 PMCID: PMC4504493 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the susceptibility profile of Brazilian Brucella abortus isolates from cattle to eight antimicrobial agents that are recommended for the treatment of human brucellosis and to correlate the susceptibility patterns with origin, biotype and MLVA16-genotype of the strains. Screening of 147 B. abortus strains showed 100% sensitivity to doxycycline and ofloxacin, one (0.68%) strain resistant to ciprofloxacin, two strains (1.36%) resistant to streptomycin, two strains (1.36%) resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and five strains (3.40%) resistant to gentamicin. For rifampicin, three strains (2.04%) were resistant and 54 strains (36.73%) showed reduced sensitivity. Two strains were considered multidrug resistant. In conclusion, the majority of B. abortus strains isolated from cattle in Brazil were sensitive to the antimicrobials commonly used for the treatment of human brucellosis; however, a considerable proportion of strains showed reduced susceptibility to rifampicin and two strains were considered multidrug resistant. Moreover, there was no correlation among the drug susceptibility pattern, origin, biotype and MLVA16-genotypes of these strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Barbosa Pauletti
- Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Reinato Stynen
- Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | | | - Telma Maria Alves
- Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Silvia Minharro
- Escola de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Araguaína, Tocantins, Brazil
| | - Marcos Bryan Heinemann
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andrey Pereira Lage
- Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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In vitro antimicrobial susceptibility testing of human Brucella melitensis isolates from Qatar between 2014 - 2015. BMC Microbiol 2015; 15:121. [PMID: 26073177 PMCID: PMC4466872 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-015-0458-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Brucellosis is one of the most common zoonotic disease affecting humans and animals and is endemic in many parts of the world including the Gulf Cooperation Council region (GCC). The aim of this study was to identify the species and determine the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of Brucella strains isolated from clinical specimens, from Qatar. Results We evaluated 231 Brucella isolates. All isolates were identified as B. melitensis. All the isolates were susceptible to doxycycline, tetracycline, streptomycin, gentamicin, trimethoprim / sulfamethoxazole and ciprofloxacin except rifampicin, where 48 % of the strains showed elevated MICs (>1 mg/L). The rifampicin-resistance related hotspots within the rpoB gene were amplified and sequenced using PCR and no rpoB mutations were found in strains with rifampicin MICs of >2 mg/L. Conclusion This study identified B. melitensis as the etiological agent of brucellosis in Qatar. No resistant isolates were detected among conventionally used antimicrobial agents.
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Lounes N, Cherfa MA, Le Carrou G, Bouyoucef A, Jay M, Garin-Bastuji B, Mick V. Human brucellosis in Maghreb: existence of a lineage related to socio-historical connections with Europe. PLoS One 2014; 9:e115319. [PMID: 25517901 PMCID: PMC4269447 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0115319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite control/eradication programs, brucellosis, major worldwide zoonosis due to the Brucella genus, is endemic in Northern Africa and remains a major public health problem in the Maghreb region (Algeria/Morocco/Tunisia). Brucella melitensis biovar 3 is mostly involved in human infections and infects mainly small ruminants. Human and animal brucellosis occurrence in the Maghreb seems still underestimated and its epidemiological situation remains hazy. This study summarizes official data, regarding Brucella melitensis infections in Algeria, from 1989 to 2012, with the purpose to provide appropriate insights concerning the epidemiological situation of human and small ruminant brucellosis in Maghreb. Algeria and Europe are closely linked for historical and economical reasons. These historical connections raise the question of their possible impact on the genetic variability of Brucella strains circulating in the Maghreb. Other purpose of this study was to assess the genetic diversity among Maghreb B. melitensis biovar 3 strains, and to investigate their possible epidemiological relationship with European strains, especially with French strains. A total of 90 B. melitensis biovar 3 Maghreb strains isolated over a 25 year-period (1989-2014), mainly from humans, were analysed by MLVA-16. The obtained results were compared with genotypes of European B. melitensis biovar 3 strains. Molecular assays showed that Algerian strains were mainly distributed into two distinct clusters, one Algerian cluster related to European sub-cluster. These results led to suggest the existence of a lineage resulting from socio-historical connections between Algeria and Europe that might have evolved distinctly from the Maghreb autochthonous group. This study provides insights regarding the epidemiological situation of human brucellosis in the Maghreb and is the first molecular investigation regarding B. melitensis biovar 3 strains circulating in the Maghreb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nedjma Lounes
- Higher National Veterinary School (ENSV), Algiers, Algeria
| | - Moulay-Ali Cherfa
- EU/OIE/FAO & National Reference Laboratory for Brucellosis, Animal Health Laboratory, Paris-Est University/Anses, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Gilles Le Carrou
- EU/OIE/FAO & National Reference Laboratory for Brucellosis, Animal Health Laboratory, Paris-Est University/Anses, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Abdellah Bouyoucef
- Institute of Veterinary Sciences, Saad Dahleb University, Blida, Algeria
| | - Maryne Jay
- EU/OIE/FAO & National Reference Laboratory for Brucellosis, Animal Health Laboratory, Paris-Est University/Anses, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Bruno Garin-Bastuji
- EU/OIE/FAO & National Reference Laboratory for Brucellosis, Animal Health Laboratory, Paris-Est University/Anses, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Virginie Mick
- EU/OIE/FAO & National Reference Laboratory for Brucellosis, Animal Health Laboratory, Paris-Est University/Anses, Maisons-Alfort, France
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Wang Y, Wang Z, Zhang Y, Bai L, Zhao Y, Liu C, Ma A, Yu H. Polymerase chain reaction-based assays for the diagnosis of human brucellosis. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob 2014; 13:31. [PMID: 25082566 PMCID: PMC4236518 DOI: 10.1186/s12941-014-0031-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is an in vitro technique for the nucleic acid amplification, which is commonly used to diagnose infectious diseases. The use of PCR for pathogens detection, genotyping and quantification has some advantages, such as high sensitivity, high specificity, reproducibility and technical ease. Brucellosis is a common zoonosis caused by Brucella spp., which still remains as a major health problem in many developing countries around the world. The direct culture and immunohistochemistry can be used for detecting infection with Brucella spp. However, PCR has the potential to address limitations of these methods. PCR are now one of the most useful assays for the diagnosis in human brucellosis. The aim of this review was to summarize the main PCR techniques and their applications for diagnosis and follow-up of patients with brucellosis. Moreover, advantages or limitation of the different PCR methods as well as the evaluation of PCR results for treatment and follow-up of human brucellosis were also discussed.
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Hashim R, Ahmad N, Mohamed Zahidi J, Tay BY, Mohd Noor A, Zainal S, Hamzah H, Hamzah SH, Chow TS, Wong PS, Leong KN. Identification and in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility of Brucella species isolated from human brucellosis. Int J Microbiol 2014; 2014:596245. [PMID: 25120569 PMCID: PMC4121247 DOI: 10.1155/2014/596245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 06/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Brucellosis is a world-wide zoonotic disease with a major impact on the public health. Due to the high risk of laboratory acquired infection, limited laboratory investigations were performed on this organism, including detailed identification and susceptibility study. Brucella melitensis is the commonest aetiological agent for human brucellosis in this region. The in vitro susceptibility pattern against selected antimicrobial agents was assessed using E-test. All isolates were noted to be sensitive to all the antimicrobial agents tested except for rifampicin where elevated MIC > 1 μg/mL was noted in 30 out of 41 isolates tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohaidah Hashim
- Bacteriology Unit, Infectious Disease Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, Jalan Pahang, 50588 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Norazah Ahmad
- Bacteriology Unit, Infectious Disease Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, Jalan Pahang, 50588 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jama'ayah Mohamed Zahidi
- Bacteriology Unit, Infectious Disease Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, Jalan Pahang, 50588 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - B. Y. Tay
- Bacteriology Unit, Infectious Disease Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, Jalan Pahang, 50588 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Azura Mohd Noor
- Bacteriology Unit, Infectious Disease Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, Jalan Pahang, 50588 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sakina Zainal
- Bacteriology Unit, Infectious Disease Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, Jalan Pahang, 50588 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hazwani Hamzah
- Bacteriology Unit, Infectious Disease Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, Jalan Pahang, 50588 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - S. H. Hamzah
- Microbiology Unit, Department of Pathology, Hospital Pulau Pinang, Jalan Residensi, 10990 Georgetown, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - T. S. Chow
- Infectious Disease Unit, Medical Department, Jalan Residensi, 10990 Georgetown, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - P. S. Wong
- Infectious Disease Unit, Medical Department, Jalan Residensi, 10990 Georgetown, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - K. N. Leong
- Infectious Disease Unit, Medical Department, Jalan Residensi, 10990 Georgetown, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
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De Santis R, Ancora M, De Massis F, Ciammaruconi A, Zilli K, Di Giannatale E, Pittiglio V, Fillo S, Lista F. Molecular strain typing of Brucella abortus isolates from Italy by two VNTR allele sizing technologies. Mol Biotechnol 2014; 55:101-10. [PMID: 23585050 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-013-9659-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Brucellosis, one of the most important re-emerging zoonoses in many countries, is caused by bacteria belonging to the genus Brucella. Furthermore these bacteria represent potential biological warfare agents and the identification of species and biovars of field strains may be crucial for tracing back source of infection, allowing to discriminate naturally occurring outbreaks instead of bioterrorist events. In the last years, multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) has been proposed as complement of the classical biotyping methods and it has been applied for genotyping large collections of Brucella spp. At present, the MLVA band profiles may be resolved by automated or manual procedures. The Lab on a chip technology represents a valid alternative to standard genotyping techniques (as agarose gel electrophoresis) and it has been previously used for Brucella genotyping. Recently, a new high-throughput genotyping analysis system based on capillary gel electrophoresis, the QIAxcel, has been described. The aim of the study was to evaluate the ability of two DNA sizing equipments, the QIAxcel System and the Lab chip GX, to correctly call alleles at the sixteen loci including one frequently used MLVA assay for Brucella genotyping. The results confirmed that these technologies represent a meaningful advancement in high-throughput Brucella genotyping. Considering the accuracy required to confidently resolve loci discrimination, QIAxcel shows a better ability to measure VNTR allele sizes compared to LabChip GX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo De Santis
- Histology and Molecular Biology Section, Army Medical and Veterinary Research Center, Via Santo Stefano Rotondo 4, 00184, Rome, Italy
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Mick V, Le Carrou G, Corde Y, Game Y, Jay M, Garin-Bastuji B. Brucella melitensis in France: persistence in wildlife and probable spillover from Alpine ibex to domestic animals. PLoS One 2014; 9:e94168. [PMID: 24732322 PMCID: PMC3986073 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0094168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine brucellosis is a major zoonosis, mainly caused by Brucella abortus, more rarely by Brucella melitensis. France has been bovine brucellosis officially-free since 2005 with no cases reported in domestic/wild ruminants since 2003. In 2012, bovine and autochthonous human cases due to B. melitensis biovar 3 (Bmel3) occurred in the French Alps. Epidemiological investigations implemented in wild and domestic ruminants evidenced a high seroprevalence (>45%) in Alpine ibex (Capra ibex); no cases were disclosed in other domestic or wild ruminants, except for one isolated case in a chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra). These results raised the question of a possible persistence/emergence of Brucella in wildlife. The purpose of this study was to assess genetic relationships among the Bmel3 strains historically isolated in humans, domestic and wild ruminants in Southeastern France, over two decades, by the MLVA-panel2B assay, and to propose a possible explanation for the origin of the recent bovine and human infections. Indeed, this genotyping strategy proved to be efficient for this microepidemiological investigation using an interpretation cut-off established for a fine-scale setting. The isolates, from the 2012 domestic/human outbreak harbored an identical genotype, confirming a recent and direct contamination from cattle to human. Interestingly, they clustered not only with isolates from wildlife in 2012, but also with local historical domestic isolates, in particular with the 1999 last bovine case in the same massif. Altogether, our results suggest that the recent bovine outbreak could have originated from the Alpine ibex population. This is the first report of a B. melitensis spillover from wildlife to domestic ruminants and the sustainability of the infection in Alpine ibex. However, this wild population, reintroduced in the 1970s in an almost closed massif, might be considered as a semi-domestic free-ranging herd. Anthropogenic factors could therefore account with the high observed intra-species prevalence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginie Mick
- Paris-Est University/Anses, EU/OIE/FAO & National Reference Laboratory for Brucellosis, Animal Health Laboratory, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Gilles Le Carrou
- Paris-Est University/Anses, EU/OIE/FAO & National Reference Laboratory for Brucellosis, Animal Health Laboratory, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Yannick Corde
- Paris-Est University/Anses, EU/OIE/FAO & National Reference Laboratory for Brucellosis, Animal Health Laboratory, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Yvette Game
- Departmental Veterinary Laboratory of Savoie (LDAV 73), Chambery, France
| | - Maryne Jay
- Paris-Est University/Anses, EU/OIE/FAO & National Reference Laboratory for Brucellosis, Animal Health Laboratory, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Bruno Garin-Bastuji
- Paris-Est University/Anses, EU/OIE/FAO & National Reference Laboratory for Brucellosis, Animal Health Laboratory, Maisons-Alfort, France
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES China has experienced a sharply increasing rate of human brucellosis in recent years. Effective spatial monitoring of human brucellosis incidence is very important for successful implementation of control and prevention programmes. The purpose of this paper is to apply exploratory spatial data analysis (ESDA) methods and the empirical Bayes (EB) smoothing technique to monitor county-level incidence rates for human brucellosis in mainland China from 2004 to 2010 by examining spatial patterns. METHODS ESDA methods were used to characterise spatial patterns of EB smoothed incidence rates for human brucellosis based on county-level data obtained from the China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention (CISDCP) in mainland China from 2004 to 2010. RESULTS EB smoothed incidence rates for human brucellosis were spatially dependent during 2004-2010. The local Moran test identified significantly high-risk clusters of human brucellosis (all p values <0.01), which persisted during the 7-year study period. High-risk counties were centred in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and other Northern provinces (ie, Hebei, Shanxi, Jilin and Heilongjiang provinces) around the border with the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region where animal husbandry was highly developed. The number of high-risk counties increased from 25 in 2004 to 54 in 2010. CONCLUSIONS ESDA methods and the EB smoothing technique can assist public health officials in identifying high-risk areas. Allocating more resources to high-risk areas is an effective way to reduce human brucellosis incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhui Zhang
- West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
- School of Public Health, Luzhou Medical College, Luzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Yin
- West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Zhang
- West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Yang
- School of Public Health, Luzhou Medical College, Luzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingyu Zhang
- West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zijian Feng
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaosong Li
- West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
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Jiang H, Wang H, Xu L, Hu G, Ma J, Xiao P, Fan W, Di D, Tian G, Fan M, Mi J, Yu R, Song L, Zhao H, Piao D, Cui B. MLVA genotyping of Brucella melitensis and Brucella abortus isolates from different animal species and humans and identification of Brucella suis vaccine strain S2 from cattle in China. PLoS One 2013; 8:e76332. [PMID: 24124546 PMCID: PMC3790686 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0076332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2013] [Accepted: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In China, brucellosis is an endemic disease and the main sources of brucellosis in animals and humans are infected sheep, cattle and swine. Brucella melitensis (biovars 1 and 3) is the predominant species, associated with sporadic cases and outbreak in humans. Isolates of B. abortus, primarily biovars 1 and 3, and B. suis biovars 1 and 3 are also associated with sporadic human brucellosis. In this study, the genetic profiles of B. melitensis and B. abortus isolates from humans and animals were analyzed and compared by multi-locus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis (MLVA). Among the B. melitensis isolates, the majority (74/82) belonged to MLVA8 genotype 42, clustering in the 'East Mediterranean' group. Two B. melitensis biovar 1 genotype 47 isolates, belonging to the 'Americas' group, were recovered; both were from the Himalayan blue sheep (Pseudois nayaur, a wild animal). The majority of B. abortus isolates (51/70) were biovar 3, genotype 36. Ten B. suis biovar 1 field isolates, including seven outbreak isolates recovered from a cattle farm in Inner Mongolia, were genetically indistinguishable from the vaccine strain S2, based on MLVA cluster analysis. MLVA analysis provided important information for epidemiological trace-back. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report to associate Brucella cross-infection with the vaccine strain S2 based on molecular comparison of recovered isolates to the vaccine strain. MLVA typing could be an essential assay to improve brucellosis surveillance and control programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Heng Wang
- Laboratory of Endemic and Parasitic Diseases Control and Prevention, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liqing Xu
- Laboratory of Brucellosis, Qinghai Institute for Endemic Disease Prevention and Control, Xining, China
| | - Guiying Hu
- Laboratory of Brucellosis, Qinghai Institute for Endemic Disease Prevention and Control, Xining, China
| | - Junying Ma
- Laboratory of Brucellosis, Qinghai Institute for Endemic Disease Prevention and Control, Xining, China
| | - Pei Xiao
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Weixing Fan
- Laboratory of Zoonoses, China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, MOA, Qingdao, China
| | - Dongdong Di
- Laboratory of Zoonoses, China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, MOA, Qingdao, China
| | - Guozhong Tian
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Mengguang Fan
- Department of Brucellosis, Inner Mongolia Center of Endemic Disease Control and Research, Huhhot, China
| | - Jingchuan Mi
- Department of Brucellosis, Inner Mongolia Center of Endemic Disease Control and Research, Huhhot, China
| | - Ruiping Yu
- Department of Brucellosis, Inner Mongolia Center of Endemic Disease Control and Research, Huhhot, China
| | - Litao Song
- Department of Brucellosis, Inner Mongolia Center of Endemic Disease Control and Research, Huhhot, China
| | - Hongyan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Dongri Piao
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Buyun Cui
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
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Parlak M, Güdücüoğlu H, Bayram Y, Çıkman A, Aypak C, Kılıç S, Berktaş M. Identification and determination of antibiotic susceptibilities of Brucella strains isolated from patients in van, Turkey by conventional and molecular methods. Int J Med Sci 2013; 10:1406-11. [PMID: 23983603 PMCID: PMC3753419 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.6565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2013] [Accepted: 08/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Brucellosis is a worldwide zoonotic disease and still constitutes a major public health problem. In this study, we aimed to identify biovars of Brucella strains isolated from clinical specimens taken from brucellosis patients from the Eastern Anatolia region as well determine the susceptibility of these isolates to tigecycline and azithromycin, drugs that may serve as alternatives to the conventional drugs used in the therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS Seventy-five Brucella spp. isolates were included in the study. All strains were identified by both conventional and molecular methods. Brucella Multiplex PCR kit (FC-Biotech, Code: 0301, Turkey) and B. melitensis biovar typing PCR kit (FC-Biotech, Code: 0302, Turkey) were used for molecular typing. Antimicrobial susceptibilities of all strains were determined by E-tests. RESULTS By conventional biotyping, 73 strains were identified as B. melitensis biovar 3 and two strains as B. abortus biovar 3. Molecular typing results were compatible with conventional methods. The MIC50 and MIC90 values of doxycycline were 0.047 and 0.094; tigecycline 0.094 and 0.125; trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole 0.064 and 0.19; ciprofloxacin 0.19 for both; streptomycin 0.75 and 1; rifampin 1 and 2 and azithromycin 4 and 8. According to the MIC values, doxycycline was found to be the most effective antibiotic, followed by tigecycline, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and ciprofloxacin. CONCLUSION Currently recommended antibiotics for the treatment of brucellosis such as doxycycline, rifampin, streptomycin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and ciprofloxacin were found to be still effective. While our results showed that tigecycline can be used an alternative agent in the treatment of brucellosis, azithromycin has not been confirmed as an appropriate agent for the treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Parlak
- 1. Microbiology Laboratory, Van Education and Training Hospital, Van, Turkey
| | - Hüseyin Güdücüoğlu
- 2. Department of Medical Microbiology, Yuzuncu Yil University, Faculty of Medicine, Van, Turkey
| | - Yasemin Bayram
- 2. Department of Medical Microbiology, Yuzuncu Yil University, Faculty of Medicine, Van, Turkey
| | - Aytekin Çıkman
- 3. Microbiology Laboratory, Mengucek Gazi Education and Training Hospital, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Cenk Aypak
- 4. Department of Family Medicine, Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Education and Training Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Selçuk Kılıç
- 5. Bacterial Zoonoses Research Reference Laboratory, Turkey Public Health Agency, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Berktaş
- 2. Department of Medical Microbiology, Yuzuncu Yil University, Faculty of Medicine, Van, Turkey
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Investigating genetic diversity of Brucella abortus and Brucella melitensis in Italy with MLVA-16. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2013; 19:59-70. [PMID: 23831636 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2013.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2013] [Revised: 06/17/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Despite the eradication of brucellosis from most of Europe, the disease remains relatively common in a variety of livestock in southern European countries. It is therefore surprising that with such high prevalence rates, there have been few genetic characterizations of brucellosis outbreaks in this region. We conducted a genetic assessment of 206 isolates of Brucella abortus and B. melitensis from Italy using Variable Number Tandem Repeats (VNTRs). We determined genetic diversity and geographic distribution of these Brucella VNTR genotypes from 160 farms in eight regions of Southern Italy in a fine-scale analysis using 16 VNTR loci in a MLVA-16 methodology. In a broad scale analysis, we then used a reduced dataset of 11 VNTR loci (MLVA-11) to compare genotypes from Italy to a global database. In the 84 isolates of B. melitensis, there were 56 genotypes using MLVA-16; 43 of these genotypes were found only once. At a broad scale, 81 of these isolates were part of an Italian sub-group within the West Mediterranean group. One of the two B. melitensis isolates from a human patient shared the same genotype as a livestock isolate, suggesting a possible epidemiological connection. In 122 B. abortus isolates, there were 34 genotypes by MLVA-16; 16 of these genotypes were found only once. At a broad scale with MLVA-11, one genotype was predominant, comprising 77.8% of the isolates and was distributed throughout Southern Italy. These data on the current lineages of Brucella present in Italy should form the basis for epidemiological studies of Brucella throughout the country, while placing these strains in a global context.
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Ilhan Z, Solmaz H, Ekin IH. In vitro antimicrobial susceptibility of Brucella melitensis isolates from sheep in an area endemic for human brucellosis in Turkey. J Vet Med Sci 2013; 75:1035-40. [PMID: 23545462 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.12-0163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility of Brucella melitensis isolates isolated from naturally infected sheep cases in an area where human brucellosis is endemic, focusing on rifampin (RIF), streptomycin (SM), ciprofloxacin (CPFX), trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMZ), gentamicin (GM) and tetracycline (TC) and on 11 other antimicrobials. The identification and typing of Brucella isolates were carried out using standard classification tests and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was carried out on Mueller-Hilton agar. The resistance to SM, CPFX and GM was determined at the rate of 7.3% and to RIF at the rate of 9.7%. The highest (46.3%) resistance was determined against TMP/SMZ. All strains were found to be sensitive to TC at the rate of 100.0%. In conclusion, ovine origin B. melitensis strains evaluated in this study were resistant to at least one antimicrobial (51.2%) that is commonly used in human clinical medicine against brucellosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziya Ilhan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yuzuncu Yil University, 65080 Van, Turkey
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Kasymbekov J, Imanseitov J, Ballif M, Schürch N, Paniga S, Pilo P, Tonolla M, Benagli C, Akylbekova K, Jumakanova Z, Schelling E, Zinsstag J. Molecular epidemiology and antibiotic susceptibility of livestock Brucella melitensis isolates from Naryn Oblast, Kyrgyzstan. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2013; 7:e2047. [PMID: 23469294 PMCID: PMC3584998 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0002047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2012] [Accepted: 12/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of human brucellosis in Kyrgyzstan has been increasing in the last years and was identified as a priority disease needing most urgent control measures in the livestock population. The latest species identification of Brucella isolates in Kyrgyzstan was carried out in the 1960s and investigated the circulation of Brucella abortus, B. melitensis, B. ovis, and B. suis. However, supporting data and documentation of that experience are lacking. Therefore, typing of Brucella spp. and identification of the most important host species are necessary for the understanding of the main transmission routes and to adopt an effective brucellosis control policy in Kyrgyzstan. Overall, 17 B. melitensis strains from aborted fetuses of sheep and cattle isolated in the province of Naryn were studied. All strains were susceptible to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, gentamicin, rifampin, ofloxacin, streptomycin, doxycycline, and ciprofloxacin. Multilocus variable number tandem repeat analysis showed low genetic diversity. Kyrgyz strains seem to be genetically associated with the Eastern Mediterranean group of the Brucella global phylogeny. We identified and confirmed transmission of B. melitensis to cattle and a close genetic relationship between B. melitensis strains isolated from sheep sharing the same pasture. Brucellosis is a bacterial disease causing abortion in cattle, sheep, and goats. It is transmissible to humans by direct transmission and the consumption of untreated milk. Brucellosis has become more and more frequent in Kyrgyzstan in the last decades, and its control has been made a priority. Knowing the bacterial strain circulating is important for the understanding of the transmission and the selection of interventions. The latest identification of Brucella in Kyrgyzstan dates from the 1960s. We report the molecular characterization 17 strains identified as Brucella melitensis from Naryn oblast. Strains were mainly isolated from sheep but also from cattle. All strains were susceptible to a series of antibiotics. We hence identified and confirmed transmission of B. melitensis among sheep which is likely the most important host species. We found close genetic relationship between B. melitensis strains isolated from cattle sharing the same pasture with sheep. Our results support the strategy of pursuing a mass vaccination of livestock in Kyrgyzstan. Further research is needed to identify the most important circulating strains in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joldoshbek Kasymbekov
- State Veterinary Department, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Marie Ballif
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Paola Pilo
- Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, Vetsuisse Faculty of the University of Berne, Berne, Switzerland
| | - Mauro Tonolla
- Cantonal Institute of Microbiology, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Cinzia Benagli
- Cantonal Institute of Microbiology, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | | | - Zarima Jumakanova
- Republican State Centre for Veterinary Diagnostic, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
| | - Esther Schelling
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jakob Zinsstag
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
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In vitro antibiotic susceptibility testing of Brucella isolates from Egypt between 1999 and 2007 and evidence of probable rifampin resistance. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob 2012; 11:24. [PMID: 22929054 PMCID: PMC3464789 DOI: 10.1186/1476-0711-11-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2012] [Accepted: 07/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Brucellosis poses a significant public health problem in Mediterranean countries, including Egypt. Treatment of this disease is often empirical due to limited information on the antibiotic susceptibility profiles of Brucella spp. in this region of the world. The aim of this study was to determine the antibiotic susceptibility profiles of Brucella blood isolates in Egypt, a country endemic for brucellosis. Methods Brucella spp. isolates were identified from the blood cultures of acute febrile illness (AFI) patients presenting to a network of infectious disease hospitals from 1999–2007. Minimum inhibitory concentrations were determined for tetracycline, gentamicin, doxycycline, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, streptomycin, ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin and rifampin using the E-test. Interpretations were made according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. Results A total of 355 Brucella spp. isolates were analyzed. All were susceptible to tetracycline, doxycycline, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, streptomycin and ciprofloxacin; probable resistance to rifampin and ceftriaxone was observed among 277 (64%) and 7 (2%) of the isolates, respectively. Percentages of isolates showing probable resistance to rifampin were significantly lower before 2001 than in the following years (7% vs. >81%, p < 0.01). Conclusions Despite the high burden of brucellosis in Egypt and frequent empirical treatment, isolates have remained susceptible to the majority of tested antibiotics. However, this is the first report of high rates of probable resistance to rifampin among Brucella isolates from Egypt. Patients should be closely monitored while following standard treatment regimens. Continued surveillance, drug susceptibility studies and updated CLSI interpretive criteria are needed to monitor and update antibiotic prescribing policies for brucellosis.
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Jiang H, Fan M, Chen J, Mi J, Yu R, Zhao H, Piao D, Ke C, Deng X, Tian G, Cui B. MLVA genotyping of Chinese human Brucella melitensis biovar 1, 2 and 3 isolates. BMC Microbiol 2011; 11:256. [PMID: 22108057 PMCID: PMC3233519 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-11-256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2011] [Accepted: 11/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Since 1950, Brucella melitensis has been the predominant strain associated with human brucellosis in China. In this study we investigated the genotypic characteristics of B. melitensis isolates from China using a multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis (MLVA) and evaluated the utility of MLVA with regards to epidemiological trace-back investigation. Results A total of 105 B. melitensis strains isolated from throughout China were divided into 69 MLVA types using MLVA-16. Nei's genetic diversity indices for the various loci ranged between 0.00 - 0.84. 12 out 16 loci were the low diversity with values < 0.2 and the most discriminatory markers were bruce16 and bruce30 with a diversity index of > 0.75 and containing 8 and 7 alleles, respectively. Many isolates were single-locus or double-locus variants of closely related B. melitensis isolates from different regions, including the north and south of China. Using panel 1, the majority of strains (84/105) were genotype 42 clustering to the 'East Mediterranean' B. melitensis group. Chinese B. melitensis are classified in limited number of closely related genotypes showing variation mainly at the panel 2B loci. Conclusion The MLVA-16 assay can be useful to reveal the predominant genotypes and strain relatedness in endemic or non-endemic regions of brucellosis. However it is not suitable for biovar differentiation of B. melitensis. Genotype 42 is widely distributed throughout China during a long time. Bruce 16 and bruce 30 in panel 2B markers are most useful for typing Chinese isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 155 Changbai Road, Changping, Beijing 102206, PR China
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Noutsios GT, Papi RM, Ekateriniadou LV, Minas A, Kyriakidis DA. Molecular typing of Brucella melitensis endemic strains and differentiation from the vaccine strain Rev-1. Vet Res Commun 2011; 36:7-20. [DOI: 10.1007/s11259-011-9505-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/19/2011] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis genotyping of human Brucella isolates from Turkey. J Clin Microbiol 2011; 49:3276-83. [PMID: 21795514 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.02538-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis (MLVA) was applied to investigate the epidemiological relationship and genetic diversity among 162 human Brucella isolates collected from all geographic regions of Turkey in an 8-year period (2001 to 2008). The isolates were genotyped by using an MLVA assay developed in Orsay, France (MLVA-16(Orsay)) including eight minisatellite (panel 1) and eight microsatellite (panel 2, subdivided into 2A and 2B) markers. Panels 1 and 2A distinguish 14 genotypes; two of these represented 85% of the strains. Panel 2B displayed a very high discriminatory power. Three loci from panel 2B had diversity index values higher than 0.74. MLVA-16(Orsay) yielded 105 genotypes; 73 were represented by a unique isolate, and 32 included two to eight isolates. The isolates from different patients within the same outbreak or from the same patient before first-line therapy and after relapse showed identical genotypes. A number of MLVA genotypes appeared to be partially restricted to some geographic areas and displayed no annual variation, possibly reflecting persistence of genotypes in certain areas for a time span of at least a decade. This study, representing the first molecular typing results of human Brucella isolates from Turkey, indicated that Turkish human Brucella melitensis isolates were most closely related to the neighboring countries' isolates included in the East Mediterranean group.
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De Santis R, Ciammaruconi A, Faggioni G, Fillo S, Gentile B, Di Giannatale E, Ancora M, Lista F. High throughput MLVA-16 typing for Brucella based on the microfluidics technology. BMC Microbiol 2011; 11:60. [PMID: 21435217 PMCID: PMC3078841 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-11-60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2010] [Accepted: 03/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Brucellosis, a zoonosis caused by the genus Brucella, has been eradicated in Northern Europe, Australia, the USA and Canada, but remains endemic in most areas of the world. The strain and biovar typing of Brucella field samples isolated in outbreaks is useful for tracing back source of infection and may be crucial for discriminating naturally occurring outbreaks versus bioterrorist events, being Brucella a potential biological warfare agent. In the last years MLVA-16 has been described for Brucella spp. genotyping. The MLVA band profiles may be resolved by different techniques i.e. the manual agarose gels, the capillary electrophoresis sequencing systems or the microfluidic Lab-on-Chip electrophoresis. In this paper we described a high throughput system of MLVA-16 typing for Brucella spp. by using of the microfluidics technology. Results The Caliper LabChip 90 equipment was evaluated for MLVA-16 typing of sixty-three Brucella samples. Furthermore, in order to validate the system, DNA samples previously resolved by sequencing system and Agilent technology, were de novo genotyped. The comparison of the MLVA typing data obtained by the Caliper equipment and those previously obtained by the other analysis methods showed a good correlation. However the outputs were not accurate as the Caliper DNA fragment sizes showed discrepancies compared with real data and a conversion table from observed to expected data was created. Conclusion In this paper we described the MLVA-16 using a rapid, sophisticated microfluidics technology for detection of amplification product sizes. The comparison of the MLVA typing data produced by Caliper LabChip 90 system with the data obtained by different techniques showed a general concordance of the results. Furthermore this platform represents a significant improvement in terms of handling, data acquiring, computational efficiency and rapidity, allowing to perform the strain genotyping in a time equal to one sixth respect to other microfluidics systems as e.g. the Agilent 2100 bioanalyzer. Finally, this platform can be considered a valid alternative to standard genotyping techniques, particularly useful dealing with a large number of samples in short time. These data confirmed that this technology represents a significative advancement in high-throughput accurate Brucella genotyping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo De Santis
- Histology and Molecular Biology Section, Army Medical and Veterinary Research Center, Rome, Italy.
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Bayram Y, Korkoca H, Aypak C, Parlak M, Cikman A, Kilic S, Berktas M. Antimicrobial susceptibilities of Brucella isolates from various clinical specimens. Int J Med Sci 2011; 8:198-202. [PMID: 21448305 PMCID: PMC3053491 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.8.198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2010] [Accepted: 02/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Brucellosis is a worldwide zoonotic disease and still constitutes a major public health problem. In the study we claimed to identify Brucella species from clinical samples of patients with active brucellosis from Van region of Eastern Anatolia and to determine in vitro antimicrobial susceptibilities of these strains to commonly used anti-Brucella agents and a possible new alternative tigecycline. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 56 Brucella isolates were enrolled the study and the identification of the isolates were based on conventional methods. In vitro activities of antimicrobials were evaluated by the E test method. RESULTS All isolates were identified as B. melitensis. MIC(90) values of doxycycline, streptomycin, rifampin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and tigecycline were 0.064 mg/L, 1 mg/L, 2 mg/L, 0.125 mg/L and 0.094 mg/L, respectively. Tigecycline had low MIC(50) and MIC(90) values against all B. melitensis strains; the highest MIC observed was 0.25 μg/mL. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that tigecycline can be a therapeutic alternative option for the treatment of brucellosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasemin Bayram
- 1. Van Education and Research Hospital, Department of Microbiology, 65100 Van, Turkey
| | - Hanifi Korkoca
- 2. Muş Alparslan University, School of Health, Department of Nursing, 49100 Muş, Turkey
| | - Cenk Aypak
- 3. Van Gevaş Hospital, Department of Family Medicine, 65110 Van, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Parlak
- 4. Van 100. Yil University, Department of Microbiology, 65100 Van, Turkey
| | - Aytekin Cikman
- 4. Van 100. Yil University, Department of Microbiology, 65100 Van, Turkey
| | - Selcuk Kilic
- 5. Refik Saydam National Hygiene Center, Department of Communicable Diseases Research, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Berktas
- 4. Van 100. Yil University, Department of Microbiology, 65100 Van, Turkey
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Jiang H, Mao LL, Zhao HY, Li LY, Piao DR, Yao WQ, Cui BY. MLVA typing and antibiotic susceptibility of Brucella human isolates from Liaoning, China. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2010; 104:796-800. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trstmh.2010.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2010] [Revised: 08/02/2010] [Accepted: 08/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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47
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Variable-number tandem repeat markers for identification of Brucella abortus 82 and 75/79-AV vaccine strains. Vaccine 2010; 28 Suppl 5:F41-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.03.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2010] [Accepted: 03/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Neurobrucellosis associated with syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone with resultant diabetes insipidus and hypothyroidism. J Clin Microbiol 2010; 48:3806-9. [PMID: 20702671 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00721-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurological involvement of the central nervous system in brucellosis is uncommon. We describe a rare case of meningoencephalitis due to Brucella melitensis infection, associated with the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion and leading to diabetes insipidus and hypothyroidism. Neurobrucellosis, although rare, should be considered in cases of neurological disease of unknown etiology.
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Epidemiological and phylogenetic analysis of Spanish human Brucella melitensis strains by multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeat typing, hypervariable octameric oligonucleotide fingerprinting, and rpoB typing. J Clin Microbiol 2010; 48:2734-40. [PMID: 20554816 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00533-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The severe morbidity of human brucellosis is one of the main reasons for using molecular typing in the epidemiological surveillance of this worldwide zoonosis. Multiple-locus variable-number repeat analysis (MLVA-16), hypervariable octameric oligonucleotide fingerprinting (HOOF-print), and the differences in the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (codons 1249 and 1309) of the DNA-dependent RNA polymerase beta subunit (rpoB) were used to type a human Brucella melitensis population (108 strains) collected from throughout Spain over 13 years. Eighty-six MLVA types (discriminatory index, 0.99) were detected, with a wide-ranging genetic similarity coefficient (37.2 to 93.7%). The population clustered into the following groups: American, with genotypes 47 (1 strain), 48 (13 strains), 53 (12 strains), 55 (2 strains), 80 (1 strain), and a new genotype (2 strains), Western Mediterranean, with genotype 51 (9 strains), and Eastern Mediterranean, with genotypes 42 (60 strains), 43 (4 strains), and 63 (4 strains). Two profession-related and two foodborne acquisitions were confirmed. Distributed throughout Spain, Eastern Mediterranean genotype 42 was the most common (55%). The low MLVA-16 allelic polymorphism (genetic similarity range, 75 to 94%) of the genotype 42 strains suggests that they recently evolved from a common ancestor. rpoB typing grouped the strains as rpoB type 1 (1249-ATG/1309-CTG; 28.7%), rpoB type 2 (1249-ATG/1309-CTA; 62.9%), and rpoB type 3 (1249-ATA/1309-CTG; 8.3%). According to the MLVA-16 results, the population clustered by rpoB type. Given the correlation between B. melitensis MLVA groups and rpoB types (American and rpoB type 1, Eastern Mediterranean and rpoB type 2, and Western Mediterranean and rpoB type 3), the rpoB type could be used as an initial marker for the epidemiological surveillance of brucellosis.
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Lucero NE, Tenenbaum M, Jacob NR, Escobar GI, Groussaud P, Whatmore AM. Application of variable number of tandem repeats typing to describe familial outbreaks of brucellosis in Argentina. J Med Microbiol 2010; 59:648-652. [DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.017525-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Consumption of inadequately pasteurized dairy products is the most common means of transmission of brucellosis. This report describes two foodborne outbreaks that occurred in families infected after consumption of fresh home-made cheese bought in different Argentine provinces. High resolution variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR)-based analysis revealed two well-defined groups comprising essentially identical profiles and corresponding to the two different outbreaks. Similar clinical findings in members of the same family could indicate that the differential virulence of different bacterial clones, as indicated by VNTR data, could have influenced the course of the disease. We observed the importance of adequate treatment in early stages of the disease; combination therapy and extended treatment for 6 weeks or longer yielded significantly better results. The risk of the foodborne transmission of this zoonotic disease and disease prevention should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidia E. Lucero
- Brucellosis Laboratory, National Laboratories and Institutes of Health Administration (ANLIS) ‘Dr C. G. Malbrán’, Avenida Velez Sarsfield 563, 1281 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marina Tenenbaum
- Department of Infectology, Pediatric Hospital ‘Dr Ricardo Gutierrez’, Gallo 1330, 1425 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nestor R. Jacob
- Department of Infectology, Hospital ‘Dr Cosme Argerich’, Margall 750, 1155 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriela I. Escobar
- Brucellosis Laboratory, National Laboratories and Institutes of Health Administration (ANLIS) ‘Dr C. G. Malbrán’, Avenida Velez Sarsfield 563, 1281 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pauline Groussaud
- Brucellosis Reference Unit, Department of Statutory and Exotic Bacterial Diseases, Veterinary Laboratories Agency, Woodham Lane, Addlestone, Surrey, UK
| | - Adrian M. Whatmore
- Brucellosis Reference Unit, Department of Statutory and Exotic Bacterial Diseases, Veterinary Laboratories Agency, Woodham Lane, Addlestone, Surrey, UK
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