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Fobian SF, Mei X, Crezee J, Snoek BC, Steenbergen RDM, Hu J, Ten Hagen TLM, Vermeulen L, Stalpers LJA, Oei AL. Increased human papillomavirus viral load is correlated to higher severity of cervical disease and poorer clinical outcome: A systematic review. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29741. [PMID: 38922964 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer in women worldwide and is caused by persistent infection with high-risk types of human papillomavirus (HPV). HPV viral load, the amount of HPV DNA in a sample, has been suggested to correlate with cervical disease severity, and with clinical outcome of cervical cancer. In this systematic review, we searched three databases (EMBASE, PubMed, Web of Science) to examine the current evidence on the association between HPV viral load in cervical samples and disease severity, as well as clinical outcome. After exclusion of articles not on HPV, cervical cancer, or containing clinical outcomes, 85 original studies involving 173 746 women were included. The vast majority (73/85 = 85.9%) reported that a higher viral load was correlated with higher disease severity or worse clinical outcome. Several studies reported either no correlation (3/85 = 3.5%), or the opposite correlation (9/85 = 10.6%); possible reasons being different categorization of HPV viral load levels, or the use of specific sampling methods. Despite variations in study design and populations, the above findings suggest that HPV viral load is correlated to clinical outcome, and may become an important biomarker for treatment selection and response monitoring for cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth-Frerich Fobian
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine (CEMM), Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Precision Medicine in Oncology (PrMiO), Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Xionge Mei
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine (CEMM), Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes Crezee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Barbara C Snoek
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine (CEMM), Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jiafen Hu
- Jake Gittlen Laboratories of Cancer Research, Department of Pathology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Timo L M Ten Hagen
- Precision Medicine in Oncology (PrMiO), Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Louis Vermeulen
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine (CEMM), Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lukas J A Stalpers
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine (CEMM), Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Arlene L Oei
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine (CEMM), Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Sadeghi F, Mostaghimi T, Taheri M, Yazdani S, Javadian M, Ranaee M, Ghorbani H, Bouzari Z, Sadeghi F. Investigating the role of Epstein-Barr virus and human papillomavirus types 16 and 18 co-infections in cervical disease of Iranian women. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1331862. [PMID: 38720799 PMCID: PMC11076674 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1331862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction High-risk human papillomaviruses (HR-HPVs) are known to contribute to cervical cancer (CC), but the role of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in this process remains unclear, despite EBV's widespread detection in premalignant and malignant cervical tissues. Methods In this cross-sectional study of 258 cervical samples, including both formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) and fresh cervical tissues, the presence and viral load of HR-HPVs (HPV-16 and HPV-18) and EBV were evaluated in Iranian women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and a cervicitis control group using real-time PCR. Results The study revealed a significant correlation between disease severity and both increased HPV-16 positivity and HPV-16 and HPV-18 co-infection (p<0.001). Interestingly, the control group had a higher frequency of EBV-positive cases than SCC/CIN groups (p<0.001). HPV-16 DNA load increased with disease severity (P<0.001), while HPV-18 showed no significant difference (P=0.058). The control group had a higher EBV DNA load compared to SCC/CIN groups (P=0.033). HPV-16 increased the risk of CIN II, CIN III, and SCC, while HPV-18 increased the risk of CIN II and CIN III. Notably, EBV was associated with a lower risk of CIN groups and SCC. Conclusions No significant difference in EBV co-infection with HPV-16/18 was found, failing to support the hypothesis that EBV is a cofactor in CC. However, high EBV viral load in the control group suggests a potential "hit and run hypothesis" role in CC progression. This hypothesis suggests that EBV may contribute briefly to the initiation of CC with an initial impact but then becomes less actively involved in its ongoing progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzane Sadeghi
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Talieh Mostaghimi
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Mahdie Taheri
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Shahla Yazdani
- Cancer Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Maryam Javadian
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ranaee
- Cancer Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Hossein Ghorbani
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Zinatossadat Bouzari
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
- Infertility and Reproductive Health Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Farzin Sadeghi
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
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Siqueira JD, Alves BM, Castelo Branco AB, Duque KC, Bustamante-Teixeira MT, Soares EA, Levi JE, Azevedo e Silva G, Soares MA. Comparison of four different human papillomavirus genotyping methods in cervical samples: Addressing method-specific advantages and limitations. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25474. [PMID: 38327440 PMCID: PMC10847660 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Since human papillomavirus (HPV) is recognized as the causative agent of cervical cancer and associated with anogenital non-cervical and oropharyngeal cancers, the characterization of the HPV types circulating in different geographic regions is an important tool in screening and prevention. In this context, this study compared four methodologies for HPV detection and genotyping: real-time PCR (Cobas® HPV test), nested PCR followed by conventional Sanger sequencing, reverse hybridization (High + Low PapillomaStrip® kit) and next-generation sequencing (NGS) at an Illumina HiSeq2500 platform. Cervical samples from patients followed at the Family Health Strategy from Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil, were collected and subjected to the real-time PCR. Of those, 114 were included in this study according to the results obtained with the real-time PCR, considered herein as the gold standard method. For the 110 samples tested by at least one methodology in addition to real-time PCR, NGS showed the lowest concordance rates of HPV and high-risk HPV identification compared to the other three methods (67-75 %). Real-time PCR and Sanger sequencing showed the highest rates of concordance (97-100 %). All methods differed in their sensitivity and specificity. HPV genotyping contributes to individual risk stratification, therapeutic decisions, epidemiological studies and vaccine development, supporting approaches in prevention, healthcare and management of HPV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana D. Siqueira
- Programa de Oncovirologia, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Brunna M. Alves
- Programa de Oncovirologia, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Kristiane C.D. Duque
- Diretoria de Ensino, Pesquisa e Extensão, Instituto Federal de Santa Catarina, Joinville, SC, Brazil
| | | | - Esmeralda A. Soares
- Programa de Oncovirologia, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - José Eduardo Levi
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo Medical School, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento, Dasa Laboratories, Barueri, SP, Brazil
| | - Gulnar Azevedo e Silva
- Departamento de Epidemiologia, Instituto de Medicina Social, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Marcelo A. Soares
- Programa de Oncovirologia, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Baraquin A, Pépin L, Floerchinger P, Lepiller Q, Prétet JL. [New recommendations for cervical cancer screening in France]. ANNALES PHARMACEUTIQUES FRANÇAISES 2023; 81:202-209. [PMID: 36150499 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharma.2022.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
In France, recent advances in cervical cancer screening include an organized cervical cancer-screening program and the introduction of HPV testing as a first-line test for women aged 30-65 years. The HPV test, performed on a cervical smear taken by a health professional, could also be performed on a vaginal self-sample in certain indications. The detection kits used to test for HPV should target high-risk HPV, be validated for screening and meet the performance requirements for this indication. Although no longer used as a first-line test in women aged 30-65 years, cytological examination of cervical cells remains important, particularly in the triage of HPV positive women. The interest of other biological techniques, such as HPV genotyping, viral load, cellular expression of p16/Ki-67 proteins and the methylation of cellular or viral genes, still needs to be clarified, but they could help to refine the triage strategy of HPV-positive women and limit the need for colposcopy and unnecessary stress for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Baraquin
- Centre national de référence papillomavirus, CHU de Besançon, boulevard Alexandre-Fleming, 25000 Besançon, France
| | - L Pépin
- Centre national de référence papillomavirus, CHU de Besançon, boulevard Alexandre-Fleming, 25000 Besançon, France; Laboratoire de virologie, CHU de Besançon, boulevard Alexandre-Fleming, 25000 Besançon, France
| | - P Floerchinger
- Service de gynécologie obstétrique, CHU de Besançon, boulevard Alexandre-Fleming, 25000 Besançon, France
| | - Q Lepiller
- Centre national de référence papillomavirus, CHU de Besançon, boulevard Alexandre-Fleming, 25000 Besançon, France; Laboratoire de virologie, CHU de Besançon, boulevard Alexandre-Fleming, 25000 Besançon, France; EA3181 carcinogenèse associée aux HPV, UFR sciences de la santé, université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, rue Ambroise-Paré, 25000 Besançon, France
| | - J-L Prétet
- Centre national de référence papillomavirus, CHU de Besançon, boulevard Alexandre-Fleming, 25000 Besançon, France; EA3181 carcinogenèse associée aux HPV, UFR sciences de la santé, université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, rue Ambroise-Paré, 25000 Besançon, France.
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Prétet JL, Dalstein V, Touzé A, Beby-Defaux A, Soussan P, Jacquin É, Birembaut P, Clavel C, Mougin C, Rousseau A, Lacau Saint Guily J. High levels of HPV16-L1 antibody but not HPV16 DNA load or integration predict oropharyngeal patient outcome: The Papillophar study. Clin Exp Med 2023; 23:87-96. [PMID: 35199231 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-022-00796-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of oropharyngeal cancers (OPC) is increasing in the world. Among OPC, those induced by human papillomaviruses have a better prognosis than non-HPV-associated OPC. The objective of this study was to highlight the relevance of HPV16 load, HPV16 DNA integration and HPV16-L1 serology on progression-free survival and overall survival of OPC patients. The PAPILLOPHAR cohort consists of 362 patients with oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas prospectively followed up for 5 years after treatment. Tumor biopsies and sera were collected at inclusion to investigate tumor HPV DNA/RNA characteristics and HPV16 L1 serology, respectively. Twenty-seven percent of tumor biopsies were HPV DNA- and RNA-positive and HPV16 represented 93% of HPV-positive cases. Among them, neither HPV16 viral load nor HPV16 DNA integration was associated with overall survival (OS) or progression-free survival (PFS). In contrast, high anti-HPV16 L1 antibody titers were significantly associated with a better OS and PFS. This study reveals that HPV16 load and integration are not relevant prognosis biomarkers in OPC patients.Clinical Relevance: High levels of HPV16 L1 antibodies may be useful to predict OPC patient outcome following treatment.ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00918710, May 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Luc Prétet
- Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire Et Moléculaire, PC-Bio, EA3181, UBFC, Université de Franche-Comté, CNR Papillomavirus, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, CHRU Besancon, Boulevard A Fleming, 25030, Besançon Cedex, France.
| | - Véronique Dalstein
- Inserm UMR-S 1250 P3Cell, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, SFR CAP-Santé, 51092, Reims, France.,Laboratoire de Biopathologie, CHU Maison Blanche, Reims, France
| | - Antoine Touzé
- UMR INRAE ISP Équipe Biologie Des Infections À Polyomavirus, Faculté Des Sciences, Pharmaceutiques 31 avenue Monge, 37200, Tours, France
| | - Agnès Beby-Defaux
- Service de Virologie, CHU de Poitiers, Faculté de Médecine Et de Pharmacie de Poitiers, EA 4331 LITEC, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Patrick Soussan
- Laboratoire de Virologie, Hôpital Tenon, CRSA Inserm U 938 Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Élise Jacquin
- Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire Et Moléculaire, PC-Bio, EA3181, UBFC, Université de Franche-Comté, CNR Papillomavirus, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, CHRU Besancon, Boulevard A Fleming, 25030, Besançon Cedex, France.,INSERM UMR-S 1193, Faculté de Pharmacie, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Philippe Birembaut
- Inserm UMR-S 1250 P3Cell, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, SFR CAP-Santé, 51092, Reims, France.,Laboratoire de Biopathologie, CHU Maison Blanche, Reims, France
| | - Christine Clavel
- Inserm UMR-S 1250 P3Cell, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, SFR CAP-Santé, 51092, Reims, France.,Laboratoire de Biopathologie, CHU Maison Blanche, Reims, France
| | - Christiane Mougin
- Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire Et Moléculaire, PC-Bio, EA3181, UBFC, Université de Franche-Comté, CNR Papillomavirus, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, CHRU Besancon, Boulevard A Fleming, 25030, Besançon Cedex, France.,INSERM UMR1098, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 25000, Besançon Cedex, France
| | - Alexandra Rousseau
- Research Platform Paris-East (URCEST-CRC-CRB), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Jean Lacau Saint Guily
- Department of Otolaryngology, HNS, Tenon Hospital, APHP and Sorbonne University, Paris, France.,Department of OL-HNS, Rothschild Foundation Hospital and Sorbonne University, Paris, France
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Rajendra S, Sharma P. Causal Link of Human Papillomavirus in Barrett Esophagus and Adenocarcinoma: Are We There Yet? Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15030873. [PMID: 36765833 PMCID: PMC9913573 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15030873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Esophageal cancer is a relatively common malignancy worldwide with a high mortality (5-year survival of <15%). Despite screening, surveillance, improved imaging and treatment, the exponential rise in OAC continues. The strongest risk factors for OAC are chronic heartburn and metaplastic transformation of the lower third of the esophagus (Barrett's esophagus). The risk profile includes Caucasian race, male gender older age, obesity and smoking. Although the tumor risk in BO has been progressively revised downwards, the exponential rise in OAC remains unchecked. This paradox points to an unidentified missing link. Relatively recently, we provided the world's initial data for a strong association of biologically relevant hr-HPV with BD and OAC. Since then, systematic reviews and meta-analysis have documented HPV DNA prevalence rates in OAC of between 13 to 35%. In this review, we provide some evidence for a probable causal relationship between hr-HPV and OAC. This is challenging given the multifactorial etiology and long latency. Increasingly, high-risk HPV (hr-HPV) is regarded as a risk factor for OAC. This discovery will aid identification of a sub-group of high-risk progressors to esophageal cancer by surveillance and the development of effective preventive strategies including vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanmugarajah Rajendra
- Gastro-Intestinal Viral Oncology Group, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, Sydney, NSW 2170, Australia
- South Western Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Kensington, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Bankstown-Lidcombe Hospital, South-Western Sydney Local Health Network, Bankstown, Sydney, NSW 2200, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-(0)-2-9722-8814; Fax: +61-(0)-9722-8570
| | - Prateek Sharma
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Kansas City, MO 64128, USA
- School of Medicine, University of Kansas, Kansas City, MO 66160, USA
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Li M, Zhao C, Zhao Y, Li J, Zhang X, Zhang W, Gao Q, Wei L. Association and Effectiveness of PAX1 Methylation and HPV Viral Load for the Detection of Cervical High-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion. Pathogens 2022; 12:pathogens12010063. [PMID: 36678411 PMCID: PMC9865608 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12010063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: PAX1 methylation (PAX1m) and HPV viral load (VL) have been reported to detect cervical high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL), but the relationship between them is unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the correlation between HPV VL and PAX1m and its effectiveness in predicting cervical lesions. (2) Methods: A total of 476 women referred to colposcopy for abnormal cervical screening at the Peking University People’s Hospital between November 2020 and November 2021 were enrolled. PAX1m and HPV VL were determined by QMSP and BMRT-HPV reports type-specific VL/10,000 cells, respectively. (3) Results: PAX1m was significantly increased in HSIL, especially in cervical cancer, but there was no significant difference between cervical intraepithelial neoplasms 1(CIN1) and CIN2. However, HPV VL significantly differed between CIN1 and CIN2 but not between CIN3 and cervical cancer. In general, PAX1m positively correlated with all hrHPV VL, mainly in the HPV16/18 VL (p < 0.001), but had no relationship with the other 12 types of hrHPV VL. PAX1m had the highest specificity in diagnosing CIN2+, followed by HPV16/18 VL, which are higher than cytology ≥ASCUS. (4) Conclusions: Hypermethylation of PAX1 is associated with high HPV VL, especially HPV16/18, and both present advantageous specificity in detecting CIN2+.
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Anal Cancer in High-Risk Women: The Lost Tribe. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 15:cancers15010060. [PMID: 36612055 PMCID: PMC9817901 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15010060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In developed countries the incidence of anal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) has been rising; especially in women over the age of 60 years who present with more advanced disease stage than men. Historically, anal SCC screening has focused on people living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) (PLWH) who are considered to be at the highest risk of anal SCC, and its precancerous lesion, anal squamous intraepithelial lesion (SIL). Despite this, women with vulval high-grade squamous epithelial lesions (HSIL) and SCCs have been shown to be as affected by anal HSIL and SCC as some PLWH. Nevertheless, there are no guidelines for the management of anal HSIL in this patient group. The ANCHOR trial demonstrated that treating anal HSIL significantly reduces the risk of anal SCC in PLWH, there is therefore an unmet requirement to clarify whether the screening and treatment of HSIL in women with a prior genital HSIL is also beneficial. This review presents the current evidence supporting the screening, treatment, and surveillance of anal HSIL in high-risk women with a previous history of genital HSIL and/or SCC.
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Suksiri P, Sansanaphongpricha K, Muangsin N, Krusong K. Development of positively-charged cycloamylose, CAQ as efficient nanodelivery system for siRNA. Biochem Eng J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2022.108767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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White JR, Ragunath K, Whitton A, Marsh E, Kaye P, Knight G. Study to investigate the prevalence of human papillomavirus in Barrett's oesophagus using a novel screening methodology. BMJ Open Gastroenterol 2022; 9:bmjgast-2021-000840. [PMID: 35379652 PMCID: PMC8981274 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgast-2021-000840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Human papillomavirus (HPV) is strongly associated with Barrett’s dysplasia and oesophageal cancer suggesting a role in carcinogenesis. HPV persistence predicts treatment failure after endotherapy for Barrett’s dysplasia. This pilot study applies a novel HPV screening tool (previously only used in the oropharynx) to detect HPV DNA directly and determine the prevalence rates in Barrett’s oesophagus (BO). Method DNA was extracted from 20 formalin-fixed BO samples. HPV DNA was detected using real-time PCR and gel electrophoresis. Results 5 out of 20 patients were identified as positive for HPV. Prevalence was 25% in patients with BO. Conclusion This method can be used in BO’s tissue to determine HPV infection. Adoption of this as a screening test could potentially revolutionise future research in this area. If a clear link between HPV and Barrett’s dysplasia can be confirmed, this qPCR method has the potential to aid in monitoring and/or dysplasia detection by stratifying those most at risk and aid in the development of new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Richard White
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and the University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Krish Ragunath
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and the University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Aimee Whitton
- School of Human Sciences, University of Derby, Derby, UK
| | | | - Philip Kaye
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and the University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Gillian Knight
- School of Engineering and Applied Science, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
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Cui Z, Liu H, Zhang H, Huang Z, Tian R, Li L, Fan W, Chen Y, Chen L, Zhang S, Das BC, Severinov K, Hitzeroth II, Debata PR, Jin Z, Liu J, Huang Z, Xie W, Xie H, Lang B, Ma J, Weng H, Tian X, Hu Z. The comparison of ZFNs, TALENs, and SpCas9 by GUIDE-seq in HPV-targeted gene therapy. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2021; 26:1466-1478. [PMID: 34938601 PMCID: PMC8655392 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2021.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Zinc-finger nucleases (ZFNs), transcription activator-like endonucleases (TALENs), and CRISPR-associated Cas9 endonucleases are three major generations of genome editing tools. However, no parallel comparison about the efficiencies and off-target activity of the three nucleases has been reported, which is critical for the final clinical decision. We for the first time developed the genome-wide unbiased identification of double-stranded breaks enabled by sequencing (GUIDE-seq) method in ZFNs and TALENs with novel bioinformatics algorithms to evaluate the off-targets. By targeting human papillomavirus 16 (HPV16), we compared the performance of ZFNs, TALENs, and SpCas9 in vivo. Our data showed that ZFNs with similar targets could generate distinct massive off-targets (287–1,856), and the specificity could be reversely correlated with the counts of middle “G” in zinc finger proteins (ZFPs). We also compared the TALENs with different N-terminal domains (wild-type [WT]/αN/βN) and G recognition modules (NN/NH) and found the design (αN or NN) to improve the efficiency of TALEN inevitably increased off-targets. Finally, our results showed that SpCas9 was more efficient and specific than ZFNs and TALENs. Specifically, SpCas9 had fewer off-target counts in URR (SpCas9, n = 0; TALEN, n = 1; ZFN, n = 287), E6 (SpCas9, n = 0; TALEN, n = 7), and E7 (SpCas9, n = 4; TALEN, n = 36). Taken together, we suggest that for HPV gene therapies, SpCas9 is a more efficient and safer genome editing tool. Our off-target data could be used to improve the design of ZFNs and TALENs, and the universal in vivo off-target detection pipeline for three generations of artificial nucleases provided useful tools for genome engineering-based gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zifeng Cui
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhongshan 2nd Road, Yuexiu, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Pathology, Xi’an People’s Hospital (Xi’an Fourth Hospital), Shaanxi, China
| | - Hongfeng Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhaoyue Huang
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhongshan 2nd Road, Yuexiu, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Rui Tian
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Lifang Li
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhongshan 2nd Road, Yuexiu, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Weiwen Fan
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhongshan 2nd Road, Yuexiu, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Yili Chen
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhongshan 2nd Road, Yuexiu, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Lijie Chen
- Graduate School, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233000, China
| | - Sen Zhang
- Graduate School, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233000, China
| | - Bhudev C. Das
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine & Stem Cell Research, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector 125, Noida 201313, India
| | - Konstantin Severinov
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology 100 Novaya Street, Skolkovo, Moscow Region 143025, Russia
| | - Inga Isabel Hitzeroth
- Biopharming Research Unit, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7701, South Africa
| | - Priya Ranjan Debata
- Department of Zoology, North Orissa University, Takatpur, Baripada, Odisha 757003, India
| | - Zhuang Jin
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhongshan 2nd Road, Yuexiu, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiashuo Liu
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhongshan 2nd Road, Yuexiu, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Zheying Huang
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhongshan 2nd Road, Yuexiu, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Weiling Xie
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhongshan 2nd Road, Yuexiu, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongxian Xie
- Generulor Company Bio-X Lab, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Bin Lang
- School of Health Sciences and Sports, Macao Polytechnic Institute, Macao 999078, China
| | - Ji Ma
- Department of Pathology, The Central Hospital of Sui Zhou, Hubei, China
| | - Haiyan Weng
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
- Intelligent Pathology Institute, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
- Corresponding author: Haiyan Weng, Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China.
| | - Xun Tian
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Academician Expert Workstation, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430014, Hubei, China
- Corresponding author: Xun Tian, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Academician Expert Workstation, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430014, Hubei, China.
| | - Zheng Hu
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhongshan 2nd Road, Yuexiu, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, China
- Corresponding author: Zheng Hu, Department of Gynecological Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhongshan 2nd Road, Yuexiu, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China.
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12
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Pandey N, Chauhan A, Raithatha N, Patel P, Khandelwal R, Desai A, Choxi Y, Kapadia R, Jain N. Influence of TLR4 and TLR9 polymorphisms and haplotypes on multiple hrHPV infections and HPV16 copy number in cervical cancer and cervicitis. Microb Pathog 2021; 159:105149. [PMID: 34416273 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.105149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Genetic polymorphism in pathogen recognition receptors tends to influence infection, disease susceptibility, and progression. We analyzed the association of TLR4 and TLR9 gene polymorphisms with multiple hrHPV infections and HPV16 copy number in cervicitis and cervical cancer. A total of 440 cervical cancer, cervicitis, and healthy individuals were studied using PCR-based assays. Student t-test, chi-square test, Welch's t-test, and Fisher's Exact test were utilized to evaluate the association of HPV infection with polymorphisms. Haploview and FAMHAP were used to analyze haplotype association with HPV infection and viral load. Study results revealed HPV45 infection as the most common one in cervical cancer after HPV16, and one-fourth HPV positive cervical cancer patients possessed multiple HPV infections. Mean HPV16 copy number of 264.4 ± 58.7 and 2.1 ± 3.3 copies/cell was detected in cervical cancer and cervicitis, respectively. TLR4 rs10759931 was protective against multiple hrHPV infections. TLR4 haplotype ACAC was associated with an increased risk of multiple hrHPV infections. TLR9 SNPs rs187084, rs352140, and rs352139 were associated with decreased risk of high HPV16 copy number. Augmentation of efforts for the multivalent HPV vaccination in India is suggested. The analyzed polymorphisms were shown to modulate hrHPV co-infections and HPV16 viral load that warrants further analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilesh Pandey
- P D Patel Institute of Applied Sciences, Charotar University of Science and Technology, Changa, India; Charotar Institute of Paramedical Sciences, Charotar University of Science and Technology, Changa, India
| | - Alex Chauhan
- P D Patel Institute of Applied Sciences, Charotar University of Science and Technology, Changa, India
| | - Nitin Raithatha
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Pramukh Swami Medical College, Shree Krishna Hospital, Karamsad, India
| | - Purvi Patel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Sir Sayajirao General Hospital and Medical College, Vadodara, India
| | - Ronak Khandelwal
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Sir Sayajirao General Hospital and Medical College, Vadodara, India
| | - Ajesh Desai
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, GMERS Medical College and Hospital, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Yesha Choxi
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, GMERS Medical College and Hospital, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Rutul Kapadia
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, GMERS Medical College and Hospital, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Neeraj Jain
- P D Patel Institute of Applied Sciences, Charotar University of Science and Technology, Changa, India.
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13
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Sastre-Garau X, Harlé A. Pathology of HPV-Associated Head and Neck Carcinomas: Recent Data and Perspectives for the Development of Specific Tumor Markers. Front Oncol 2020; 10:528957. [PMID: 33312940 PMCID: PMC7701329 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.528957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A significant subset of carcinomas developed in the head and neck (H&NCs) are associated with specific human papillomaviruses (HPV) genotypes. In particular, 40–60% of oropharyngeal carcinoma cases are linked to HPV. Epidemiological studies have demonstrated that HPV oral infections are predominantly sexually transmitted and are more frequent among men (10–18%) than women (3.6–8.8%). Although there is a large diversity of HPV genotypes associated with H&NCs, HPV16 lineage represents 83% of the reported cases. The prognostic value of HPV as a biological parameter is well recognized. However, the use of HPV DNA as a diagnostic and/or predictive marker is not fully developed. Recent data reporting the physical state of the HPV genome in tumors have shown that HPV DNA integration into the tumor cell genome could lead to the alteration of cellular genes implicated in oncogenesis. Most importantly, HPV DNA corresponds to a tumor marker that can be detected in the blood of patients. Profile of the HPV DNA molecular patterns in tumor cells using New Genome Sequencing-based technologies, allows the identification of highly specific tumor markers valuable for the development of innovative diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. This review will summarize recent epidemiological data concerning HPV-associated H&NCs, the genomic characterization of these tumors, including the presence of HPV DNA in tumor cells, and will propose perspectives for developing improved care of patients with HPV-associated H&NCs, based on the use of viral sequences as personalized tumor markers and, over the longer term, as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Sastre-Garau
- Service de Pathologie, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Créteil, Créteil, France
| | - Alexandre Harlé
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS UMR7039 CRAN, service de Biopathologie, Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine, Vandoeuvre-Lès-Nancy, France
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14
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Zubillaga-Guerrero MI, Illades-Aguiar B, Flores-Alfaro E, Castro-Coronel Y, Jiménez-Wences H, Patiño EILB, Pérez KIG, Del Carmen Alarcón-Romero L. An increase of microRNA-16-1 is associated with the high proliferation of squamous intraepithelial lesions in the presence of the integrated state of HR-HPV in liquid cytology samples. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:104. [PMID: 32831923 PMCID: PMC7439130 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies of cervical cancer (CC) have reported that microRNA-16-1 (miR-16-1), which is an oncomiR, is increased in the tissues and cell lines of CC. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association of miRNA-16-1 expression level with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), the presence of squamous intraepithelial lesions (SIL) and the integration of high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) DNA. The current study analyzed 80 samples obtained from women by liquid-based cytology, which revealed that 20 were negative for SIL (NSIL) and without HPV, 20 were low-grade SIL (LSIL), 20 were high-grade SIL (HSIL), and 20 were diagnosed as SCC with HR-HPV. The genotyping of the viral DNA was conducted via an INNO-LiPA-HPV array, the expression of miR-16-1 was determined by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR, and the physical state of the HR-HPV was ascertained by in situ hybridization with amplification with tyramide. A total of eight HR-HPV genotypes were distinguished; the most frequent of these being HPV16, followed by multiple infection with HR-HPV (including HPV16). The mixed state of the HR-HPV was observed in 60 and 65% of LSIL and HSIL cases, respectively, while an integrated HR-HPV state was identified in 90% of cases with SCC. The expression level of miR-16-1 increased according to the grade of SIL, and cases with HSIL exhibited a significantly higher miR-16-1 expression level compared with women with NSIL (P<0.001; Table II). It can therefore be determined that the expression of miR-16-1 effects cellular proliferation, due to the viral integration of various HR-HPV genotypes in unique infection or in multiple infection. Thus, the overexpression of miR-16-1 could be monitored in women with LSIL, in order to discard a major lesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ma Isabel Zubillaga-Guerrero
- Laboratory for Research in Cytopathology and Histochemical, Faculty of Chemical-Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero 39089, Mexico
| | - Berenice Illades-Aguiar
- Laboratory for Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Chemical-Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero 39089, Mexico
| | - Eugenia Flores-Alfaro
- Laboratory for Research in Clinical and Molecular Epidemiology, Faculty of Chemical-Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero 39089, Mexico
| | - Yaneth Castro-Coronel
- Laboratory for Research in Cytopathology and Histochemical, Faculty of Chemical-Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero 39089, Mexico
| | - Hilda Jiménez-Wences
- Laboratory for Research in Biomolecules, Faculty of Chemical-Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero 39089, Mexico
| | | | - Karen Itzel García Pérez
- Laboratory for Research in Cytopathology and Histochemical, Faculty of Chemical-Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero 39089, Mexico
| | - Luz Del Carmen Alarcón-Romero
- Laboratory for Research in Cytopathology and Histochemical, Faculty of Chemical-Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero 39089, Mexico
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15
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Hong X, Qin P, Huang K, Ding X, Ma J, Xuan Y, Zhu X, Peng D, Wang B. Association between polycystic ovary syndrome and the vaginal microbiome: A case-control study. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2020; 93:52-60. [PMID: 32311120 DOI: 10.1111/cen.14198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrinopathy in women of reproductive age. Some evidence suggests that dysbiosis of the gut microbiota could be associated with PCOS clinical parameters, but little is known for the association between vaginal microbiome and PCOS. OBJECTIVE To determine differences in the vaginal microbiome between women with PCOS and healthy control women. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS In this case-control study, the women with newly diagnosed PCOS (n = 39) and healthy controls (n = 40) were included from the hospital and maternal and child health centre, respectively. The vaginal swabs were collected, and microbiome structures were identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The screening values for potential bacteria biomarker for PCOS were assessed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve method. RESULTS There was significant difference in vaginal bacterial structures between PCOS and healthy control women. The vaginal bacterial species in the PCOS group were more diverse than the control group (Simpson index for PCOS group vs. control group: median 0.49 vs. 0.80, P = .008; Shannon index: median 1.07 vs. 0.44, P = .003; Chao1 index: median 85.12 vs. 66.13, P < .001). The relative abundance of Lactobacillus crispatus in the PCOS group was significantly lower than controls (P = .001), and the relative abundance of Mycoplasma and Prevotella was higher than controls (P < .001, P = .002, respectively). The Mycoplasma genus could be a potential biomarker for PCOS screening, as ROC analysis showed that the area under the curve (AUC) for the relative abundance of Mycoplasma was 0.958 (95% CI: 0.901-0.999). Subgroup analyses also showed these associations would not change among the women with the same BMI level and vagina cleanliness grading. CONCLUSIONS In the vaginal microbiome, the Mycoplasma genus was associated with PCOS. Further research is required to explore causal correlations between PCOS and the vaginal microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Hong
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Pengfei Qin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhong Da Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kaiping Huang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoling Ding
- Maternal and Child Health Center of Gulou District, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun Ma
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Xuan
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoyue Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Danhong Peng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhong Da Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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Level of phospho-STAT3 (Tyr705) correlates with copy number and physical state of human papillomavirus 16 genome in cervical precancer and cancer lesions. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0222089. [PMID: 31487312 PMCID: PMC6728030 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Our earlier studies indicated an important role of inducible transcription factor STAT3 in the establishment of persistent infection of human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16 and promotion of cervical carcinogenesis. Since HPV load and its physical state are two potential determinants of this virally-induced carcinogensis, though with some exceptions, we extended our study to examine the role of active STAT3 level in cervical precancer and cancer lesions and it’s association with HPV viral load and physical state. An elevated level of active STAT3 was measured by assessing phospho-STAT3-Y705 (pSTAT3), in tumor tissues harboring higher viral load irrespective of the disease grade. Physical state analysis of HPV16 by assessing the degree of amplification of full length E2 and comparing it with E6 (E2:E6 ratio), which predominantly represent episomal form of HPV16, revealed low or undetectable pSTAT3. A strong pSTAT3 immunoreactivity was found in tissues those harbored either mixed or predominantly integrated form of viral genome. Cumulative analysis of pSTAT3 expression, viral load and physical state demonstrated a direct correlation between pSTAT3 expression, viral load and physical state of HPV. The study suggests that there exists a strong clinical correlation between level of active STAT3 expression and HPV genome copy number, and integrated state of the virus that may play a pivotal role in promotion/maintanence of tumorigenic phenotype.
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Kim J, Kim BK, Jeon D, Lee CH, Roh JW, Kim JY, Park SY. Type-Specific Viral Load and Physical State of HPV Type 16, 18, and 58 as Diagnostic Biomarkers for High-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions or Cervical Cancer. Cancer Res Treat 2019; 52:396-405. [PMID: 31476849 PMCID: PMC7176961 DOI: 10.4143/crt.2019.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose High rate of false-positive tests is a major obstacle to use human papillomavirus (HPV) detection as a diagnostic tool for high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions or cervical cancer (HSIL+). We investigated whether type-specific viral load or physical state of HPV 16, 18, and 58 are useful biomarkers for HSIL+. Materials and Methods Type-specific viral loads of E6 and E2 genes in cervical cells from 240, 83, and 79 HPV 16–, 18–, and 58–infected women, respectively, were determined using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Viral loads were normalized to cellular DNA (copy/cell). Total and integrated viral loads and physical state were compared between HSIL+ and controls, and diagnostic value was determined using receiver operating characteristic analysis. Results Viral loads of HPV 16, 18, and 58 were significantly different in lesions in the same pathologic grade. High type-specific total viral loads were significantly associated with HSIL+ (odds ratio [OR], 14.065, 39.472, and 7.103 for HPV 16, 18, and 58, respectively). High integrated viral load was related to HSIL+ in women with HPV 16 (OR, 8.242), and integrated state was associated with HSIL+ in women with HPV 18 (OR, 9.443). Type-specific total viral load was significantly associated with HSIL+ (area under curve, 0.914, 0.937, and 0.971 for HPV 16, 18, and 58, respectively), indicating an excellent performance in detecting HSIL+. Conclusion Type-specific total viral load may be a powerful diagnostic marker for HSIL+ in HPV 16–, 18–, and 58–infected HSIL+ lesions. If demonstrated in all other high-risk HPV types, this method can lead to a paradigm shift in the strategy of equivocal cytologic abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongseung Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bu Kyung Kim
- Department of Tumor Biology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dongsoo Jeon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Gumi, Korea
| | - Chae Hyeong Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - Ju-Won Roh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - Joo-Young Kim
- Proton Therapy Center, Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Sang-Yoon Park
- Center for Uterine Cancer, Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
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Rajendra S, Sharma P. Transforming human papillomavirus infection and the esophageal transformation zone: prime time for total excision/ablative therapy? Dis Esophagus 2019; 32:5477363. [PMID: 31304554 DOI: 10.1093/dote/doz008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
High-risk human papillomavirus (hr-HPV) infection is causal for almost all cervical malignancy (both squamous and adenocarcinoma), 90% of anal neoplasia, 70% of penile tumors, and 25% of head and neck cancers. The shared immunogenetics of cervical and esophageal malignancy suggests that HPV infection could well be a common denominator in the etiology of both cancers. In this regard, we have demonstrated that transcriptionally active hr-HPV (genotypes 16 and 18) is strongly associated with Barrett's dysplasia and esophageal adenocarcinoma. Increasing hr-HPV viral load and integration status has been linked with greater disease severity along the Barrett metaplasia-dysplasia-adenocarcinoma sequence as has been demonstrated in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cancer. HPV infections in both the cervix and esophagus are both focal, i.e., present in greater quantities at the squamocolumnar junction (SCJ). HPV affinity is to junctional tissue, as basal cells are particularly accessible at the squamocolumnar transformation zone and especially susceptible to this viral infection. We have postulated that progressive acid damage to the esophagus increases the likelihood of mucosal breaks enabling the virus to enter the basal layer of the transformation zone. The SCJ is the transformation zone of the esophagus and is strikingly similar to the transition zone (ectoendocervical SCJ) of the uterine cervix where almost all high-grade cervical lesions and cancers arise including 80% of adenocarcinomas. These transition zone cells exhibit features of squamous epithelium as well as glandular cells, which have been described in both Barrett's esophagus and cervical mucosa. Barrett's esophagus (BE) is derived from a discrete population of embryonic cells residing at the SCJ. There is loss of SCJ immune-phenotype following excision without regeneration at other junctional sites. Prevention of cervical cancer in up to 80-95% of patients with screen-detected CIN is dependent on the excision/ablation of the entire transformation zone. The persistence of hr-HPV 16/18 following eradication of CIN is a significant risk factor for recurrence. Similarly, we have demonstrated that persistent hr-HPV infection 16/18 and p53 overexpression are associated with treatment failure after endoscopic ablation of BD/EAC. Thus, we believe that excision/ablation of the SCJ in patients with BD/intramucosal EAC should be performed to reduce the potential malignant risk. We propose to test this hypothesis by a multicenter randomized controlled trial whereby patients (both HPV positive and those which are virus negative) will be allocated into two arms: complete excision of the SCJ via endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) in addition to radiofrequency ablation (RFA) ± EMR of BD/intramucosal EAC (experimental arm) versus current standard of care (RFA ± EMR) of said lesions. Treatment efficacy in both groups will be evaluated by comparing disease elimination, regression/progression, and recurrence (if any). All patients would be entered into an intensive endoscopic surveillance protocol (biannually) for at least 2 years with lesional/neosquamous biopsies to compare the recurrence rate of both dysplasia/neoplasia in both arms. Viral (HPV DNA/p16INK4A/E6/E7 mRNA) and host biomarkers (e.g., p53) will be analyzed both at baseline and posttreatment intervals. A positive study would initiate development of tools best suited for SCJ destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Rajendra
- Gastro-Intestinal Viral Oncology Group, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research.,South Western Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Kensington, Sydney.,Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Bankstown-Lidcombe Hospital, South Western Sydney Local Health Network, Bankstown, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - P Sharma
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Veterans Affairs Medical Centre and University of Kansas City, Missouri, USA
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Álvarez-Paredes L, Santibañez M, Galiana A, Rodríguez Díaz JC, Parás-Bravo P, Andrada-Becerra ME, Ruiz García MM, Rodríguez-Ingelmo JM, Portilla-Sogorb J, Paz-Zulueta M. Association of Human Papillomavirus Genotype 16 Viral Variant and Viral Load with Cervical High-grade Intraepithelial Lesions. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2019; 12:547-556. [PMID: 31208965 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-18-0397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Human papillomavirus genotype 16 (HPV16) is by far the genotype most strongly associated with cervical cancer; viral variant and/or viral load of HPV16 could modulate this association. The objective was to determine the association between the viral variant and viral load of HPV16 and the presence of cervical high-grade lesions. This cross-sectional study included all women in whom HPV infection was found by cervical smear during routine gynecologic health checks. Women with single or multiple HPV16 infections (n = 176) were selected for viral variant and viral load analysis. Smear results were classified using the Bethesda system. HPV types were classified according to the International Agency for Research on Cancer. Odds ratios (OR) with their 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated by logistic regression, adjusted for age, immigrant status, and coinfection with other high-risk genotypes. No statistically significant associations were found regarding the detected viral variants. A viral load above the median (>1,367.79 copies/cell) was associated with a significant risk of high-grade epithelial lesion or carcinoma, after adjusting for age, immigrant status, coinfections, and viral variant: (adjusted OR 7.89; 95% CI: 2.75-22.68). This relationship showed a statistically significant dose-response pattern after categorizing by viral load tertiles: adjusted OR for a viral load greater than the third tertile was 17.23 (95% CI: 4.20-70.65), with adjusted linear P trend = 0.001. In patients infected with HPV16, viral load is associated with high-grade intraepithelial lesions or cervical carcinoma. This could be useful as prognostic biomarker of neoplastic progression and as screening for cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Miguel Santibañez
- Department of Nursing, Nursing Research Group-IDIVAL, University of Cantabria, Cantabria, Spain
| | - Antonio Galiana
- Department of Microbiology, University General Hospital of Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | | | - Paula Parás-Bravo
- Department of Nursing, Nursing Research Group-IDIVAL, University of Cantabria, Cantabria, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - María Paz-Zulueta
- Department of Nursing, University of Cantabria, Cantabria, Spain. IDIVAL, GI Derecho Sanitario y Bioetica, GRIDES, Cantabria, Spain.
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20
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Bernard-Tessier A, Jeannot E, Guenat D, Debernardi A, Michel M, Proudhon C, Vincent-Salomon A, Bièche I, Pierga JY, Buecher B, Meurisse A, François É, Cohen R, Jary M, Vendrely V, Samalin E, El Hajbi F, Baba-Hamed N, Borg C, Bidard FC, Kim S. Clinical Validity of HPV Circulating Tumor DNA in Advanced Anal Carcinoma: An Ancillary Study to the Epitopes-HPV02 Trial. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 25:2109-2115. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-2984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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21
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Guenat D, Dalstein V, Mauny F, Saunier M, Briolat J, Clavel C, Riethmuller D, Mougin C, Prétet JL. Development and interlaboratory agreement of real-time PCR for HPV16 quantification in liquid-based cervical samples. PAPILLOMAVIRUS RESEARCH 2018; 6:27-32. [PMID: 30343011 PMCID: PMC6202657 DOI: 10.1016/j.pvr.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
High risk HPV infection is the necessary cause for the development of precancerous and cancerous lesions of the cervix. Among HPV, HPV16 represents the most carcinogenic type. Since the determination of HPV16 DNA load could be clinically useful, we assessed quantitative real-time PCR targeting E6HPV16 and albumin genes on two different platforms. Series of SiHa cells diluted in PreservCyt were used to assess repeatability and reproducibility of two in-house real-time PCR techniques run in two different laboratories to determine HPV16 load. Furthermore, 97 HPV16 positive cervical samples were evaluated to estimate inter-center variability using Bland-Alman plots. As a whole, both techniques presented coefficients of variation for HPV16 load measurement similar to those established for other virus quantification with commercial kits. Moreover, the two real-time PCR techniques showed a very good agreement for HPV16 load calculation. Finally, we emphasize that robust HPV16 DNA quantification requires normalization of viral load by the cell number. HPV16 viral load could be a useful biomarker for the management of HPV positive women. Coefficient of variation for HPV16 viral load ranged from 7% to 62%. HPV16 viral load quantification requires normalization by the cell number. HPV16 viral load precision increases with the use of an internal calibrator.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Guenat
- EA3181, Université de Franche-Comté, COMUE Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, LabExLipSTIC ANR-11-LABX-0021, Boulevard Alexandre Fleming, F-25030 Besançon Cedex, France; Centre National de Référence Papillomavirus, CIC 1431, CHU Besançon, F-25000, France
| | - Véronique Dalstein
- INSERM, UMR-S 1250, Reims, France; Champagne-Ardenne, Faculté de Médecine, Reims, France; CHU Reims, Laboratoire Biopathologie, Reims, France
| | | | - Maëlle Saunier
- EA3181, Université de Franche-Comté, COMUE Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, LabExLipSTIC ANR-11-LABX-0021, Boulevard Alexandre Fleming, F-25030 Besançon Cedex, France
| | - Jenny Briolat
- INSERM, UMR-S 1250, Reims, France; Champagne-Ardenne, Faculté de Médecine, Reims, France; CHU Reims, Laboratoire Biopathologie, Reims, France
| | - Christine Clavel
- INSERM, UMR-S 1250, Reims, France; Champagne-Ardenne, Faculté de Médecine, Reims, France; CHU Reims, Laboratoire Biopathologie, Reims, France
| | - Didier Riethmuller
- EA3181, Université de Franche-Comté, COMUE Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, LabExLipSTIC ANR-11-LABX-0021, Boulevard Alexandre Fleming, F-25030 Besançon Cedex, France
| | - Christiane Mougin
- EA3181, Université de Franche-Comté, COMUE Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, LabExLipSTIC ANR-11-LABX-0021, Boulevard Alexandre Fleming, F-25030 Besançon Cedex, France; Centre National de Référence Papillomavirus, CIC 1431, CHU Besançon, F-25000, France
| | - Jean-Luc Prétet
- EA3181, Université de Franche-Comté, COMUE Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, LabExLipSTIC ANR-11-LABX-0021, Boulevard Alexandre Fleming, F-25030 Besançon Cedex, France; Centre National de Référence Papillomavirus, CIC 1431, CHU Besançon, F-25000, France.
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22
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Wu J, Li X, Liu X, Gao Z. Human papillomavirus genotype prevalence in the women of Shanghai, China and its association with the severity of cervical neoplasia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2018; 11:4614-4621. [PMID: 31949860 PMCID: PMC6962991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Human papillomavirus (HPV) viral load and genotype are the primary determinants for the development of cervical neoplasia. We aim to identify the prevalent HPV genotypes in the women of Shanghai, China and investigate the association between the HPV viral load and the severity of cervical neoplasia. METHODS Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue samples were obtained from 20 cases of histologically normal cervix, 52 cases of low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL), 46 cases of high grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL), and 29 cases of cervical squamous cervical cancer (SCC). A polymerase chain reaction reverse dot blot (PCR-RDB) genotyping chip was used to examine 23 HPV genotypes. Real-time quantitative PCR was used to detect the viral load of HPV in the fresh tissue of 80 cases. RESULTS The HPV infection rate in the 147 cases of cervical biopsies was 73.5%. Fourteen HPV genotypes were detected, including 12 high risk (HR)-HPVs and 2 low-risk (LR)-HPVs. HPV-16 (33.3%), HPV-31 (6.1%), HPV-52 (6.1%), and HPV-58 (5.4%) were the most popular genotypes of HR-HPV. Significant differences were found in HPV viral load between histologically normal cervix and cervix tissues with epithelial dysplasia (P<0.05). There was a statistically insignificant trend of gradual increase of viral load as the epithelial lesion progresses from LSIL to HSIL and to SCC (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS HPV 16, 31, 52, and 58 are the most prevalent genotypes in women of Shanghai, China. HPV viral load is an indicator of the presence of cervical neoplasia but not an accurate predictor for the severity of cervical neoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingbo Wu
- Department of Pathology, The Fifth People’s Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghai, P. R. China
- Department of Pathology, McGill UniversityMontreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Xiaojing Li
- Department of Pathology, The Fifth People’s Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghai, P. R. China
| | - Xiuping Liu
- Department of Pathology, The Fifth People’s Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghai, P. R. China
| | - Zuhua Gao
- Department of Pathology, McGill UniversityMontreal, Quebec, Canada
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Shigeishi H, Yokoyama S, Ohta K, Takechi M, Sugiyama M. Human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16) DNA copy number in oral rinse samples from oral cavity cancer patients. TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH IN ORAL ONCOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/2057178x18774683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: The objective of this study is to examine the human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16) DNA copy number in the oral cavity of cancer patients using oral rinse samples. Methods: We analyzed the HPV16 DNA copy number of oral rinse samples in 13 primary oral cavity cancer patients (mean age 67.8 years, range 48–84 years) who visited the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstructive Surgery of Hiroshima University Hospital (Hiroshima, Japan). The 13 oral cavity cancers included 6 carcinomas in situ and 7 squamous cell carcinomas. Real-time PCR analysis was performed to examine the number of HPV16 E6 viral copies in oral rinse samples. Additionally, the HPV16 integration status was investigated using the real-time PCR findings for HPV16 E2 genes in HPV16 E6-positive oral rinse samples. Results: HPV16 E6 copy numbers above the detection limit in a standard curve for HPV16 E6 DNA were assessed as HPV16 positive in oral rinse samples from 6 of 13 patients. The average number of HPV16 E6 viral copies was 1.71 ± 1.72 per cell (range, 0.39–4.96 copies/cell) in six oral rinse samples. The HPV16 E2 viral load was detected in four of the six HPV16-positive oral rinse samples. Two of the six HPV16-positive oral rinse samples showed HPV16 E2 copy numbers below the detection limit, indicating the full integration of HPV16 DNA. Conclusions: The number of patients in this study was small; therefore, further investigation using a larger number of participants is required to clarify the level of HPV16 viral copy number in the oral cavity of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideo Shigeishi
- Department of Public Oral Health, Program of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Sho Yokoyama
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Program of Dentistry, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kouji Ohta
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Program of Dentistry, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Masaaki Takechi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Program of Dentistry, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Masaru Sugiyama
- Department of Public Oral Health, Program of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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24
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Manawapat-Klopfer A, Wang L, Haedicke-Jarboui J, Stubenrauch F, Munk C, Thomsen LT, Martus P, Kjaer SK, Iftner T. HPV16 viral load and physical state measurement as a potential immediate triage strategy for HR-HPV-infected women: a study in 644 women with single HPV16 infections. Am J Cancer Res 2018; 8:715-722. [PMID: 29736316 PMCID: PMC5934561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
High genome copy number (viral load) of human papillomavirus (HPV) is being discussed as a risk factor for high-grade cervical lesions. However, conflicting data about the integration status or viral load of the virus as risk factors for prevalent high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) are found in the literature. To investigate whether viral load and/or integration status are indicative for prevalent ASCUS/LSIL or HSIL, we determined the HPV16 viral load and the physical state of the genome in 644 women with single HPV16 infections stratified by their cytology results from a large Danish population-based cohort consisting of 40,399 women. Cervical smear samples were tested using a multiplex quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) with primers specific for HPV16 E2, E6 and beta actin, allowing simultaneous determination of the genome's physical state and the viral copy number per cell. The associations of viral load and physical state with cervical abnormalities were assessed using multinomial logistic regression. We found that a 10-fold increase in viral load was significantly associated with the presence of ASCUS/LSIL (OR=3.91; 95% CI, 2.49-6.13) and HSIL (OR=4.1; 95% CI, 2.45-6.68). A significant association with HSIL was observed for primarily integrated genomes (OR=6.68; 95% CI, 1.45-30.8). Among women with integrated viral genomes, we observed a trend towards increased risk of ASCUS/LSIL (OR=1.32; 95% CI -2.90-3.44) and HSIL (OR=5.10; 95% CI -0.67-38.9) per 10-fold increase in viral load, although not statistically significant. In conclusion, increasing viral load and integrated viral genomes were significantly associated with prevalent HSIL, thus indicating that viral load and physical state may potentially be useful triage markers for HPV16-positive women during cervical screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Manawapat-Klopfer
- Division of Experimental Virology, Institute for Medical Virology, University HospitalTübingen, Elfriede-Aulhorn Str. 6, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Lisa Wang
- Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Applied BiometrySilcherstraße 5, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Juliane Haedicke-Jarboui
- Division of Experimental Virology, Institute for Medical Virology, University HospitalTübingen, Elfriede-Aulhorn Str. 6, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Frank Stubenrauch
- Division of Experimental Virology, Institute for Medical Virology, University HospitalTübingen, Elfriede-Aulhorn Str. 6, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christian Munk
- Unit of Virus, Lifestyle and Genes, Danish Cancer Society Research CenterStrandboulevarden 49, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Louise T Thomsen
- Unit of Virus, Lifestyle and Genes, Danish Cancer Society Research CenterStrandboulevarden 49, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Martus
- Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Applied BiometrySilcherstraße 5, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Susanne K Kjaer
- Unit of Virus, Lifestyle and Genes, Danish Cancer Society Research CenterStrandboulevarden 49, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rigshospitalet, University of CopenhagenBlegdamsvej 9, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Iftner
- Division of Experimental Virology, Institute for Medical Virology, University HospitalTübingen, Elfriede-Aulhorn Str. 6, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
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25
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Menon S, Luchters S, Rossi R, Callens S, Kishor M, Bogers J, vanden Broeck D. Human papilloma virus correlates of high grade cervical dysplasia in HIV-infected women in Mombasa, Kenya: a cross-sectional analysis. Virol J 2018; 15:54. [PMID: 29587796 PMCID: PMC5870930 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-018-0961-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Women living with HIV are at increased risk to be co-infected with HPV, persistent high-risk (HR) human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and increased HR HPV viral load, which make them more at risk for cervical cancer. Despite their inherent vulnerability, there is a scarcity of data on potential high risk (pHR) and HR HPV genotypes in HIV- infected women with cervical dysplasia and HPV-type specific viral load in this population in Sub Saharan Africa. The aim of this analysis of HIV-infected women was to explore the virological correlates of high-grade cervical dysplasia (CIN 2+) in HIV-infected women, thereby profiling HPV genotypes. METHOD This analysis assesses baseline data obtained from a cohort study of 74 HIV-infected women with abnormal cytology attending a Comprehensive Care Centre for patients with HIV infection in Mombasa, Kenya. Quantitative real-time PCR was used for HPV typing and viral load. RESULTS CIN 2 was observed in 16% (12/74) of women, CIN 3 in 23% (17/74), and, invasive cervical carcinoma (ICC) in 1% (1/74) of women. In women with CIN 3+, HPV 16 (44%), HPV 56 (33%), HPV 33 and 53 (HPV 53 (28%) were the most prevalent genotypes. HPV 53 was observed as a stand-alone HPV in one woman with ICC. A multivariate logistic regression adjusting for age, CD4 count and HPV co-infections suggested the presence of HPV 31 as a predictor of CIN 2+ (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]:4.9; p = 0.05; 95% (Confidence Interval) [CI]:1.03-22.5). Women with CIN2+ had a significantly higher viral log mean of HPV 16, (11.2 copies/ 10,000 cells; 95% CI: 9.0-13.4) than with CIN 1. CONCLUSION The high prevalence of HPV 53 in CIN 3 and as a stand-alone genotype in the patient with invasive cervical cancer warrants that its clinical significance be further revisited among HIV-infected women. HPV 31, along with elevated means of HPV 16 viral load were predictors of CIN 2 + .
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Menon
- International Centre for Reproductive Health (ICRH), Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185 P3, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stanley Luchters
- International Centre for Reproductive Health (ICRH), Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185 P3, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC Australia
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - Rodolfo Rossi
- Primary Health Care Services, International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Steven Callens
- International Centre for Reproductive Health (ICRH), Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185 P3, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Internal Medicine & Infectious diseases, University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Johannes Bogers
- International Centre for Reproductive Health (ICRH), Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185 P3, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, AMBIOR (Applied Molecular Biology Research Group), Laboratory of Cell Biology & Histology, University of Antwerp, Melbourne, Belgium
| | - Davy vanden Broeck
- International Centre for Reproductive Health (ICRH), Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185 P3, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, AMBIOR (Applied Molecular Biology Research Group), Laboratory of Cell Biology & Histology, University of Antwerp, Melbourne, Belgium
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Bruno MT, Ferrara M, Fava V, Rapisarda A, Coco A. HPV genotype determination and E6/E7 mRNA detection for management of HPV positive women. Virol J 2018; 15:52. [PMID: 29587778 PMCID: PMC5870089 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-018-0957-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Clinical management of HPV positive women is difficult since many of the infections, including high-risk oncogene genotypes (hr-HPV), are transient. Therefore only a limited number of patients have a high-grade lesion and sending all HPV positive women for colposcopy would only increase costs and unnecessary treatment, with serious psychological consequences for patients. The need has emerged to identify other HPV related markers able to correctly detect women with a high-risk of developing high-grade lesions. Genotyping and the search for E6/E7 mRNA are among the possible candidates. Methods The study was carried out by means of an observational analysis of the data relative to 674 HR-HPV positive women who we had observed from January 2013 to June 2015; the data had been gathered in a database at the HPV Center of the University Hospital of Catania, Italy. Women were considered eligible for this study if the following data was present in the database: Pap TEST, histologic evaluation, HPV TEST and E6/E7 mRNA detection. We calculated the Odds Ratio (OR) of woman who were mRNA positive, with CIN2+ lesions, and Odds Ratio of HPV16 positive women. Results Transcripts were detected in 23.6% (69/292) of the women with CIN1 and in 97.2% (210/220) of those with CIN2 + . Regarding genotyping, the 81,8% (180/220) of the women with CIN2+ had genotype 16, while only 18.1% (40/220) had genotype 18, 31, 33, 45. We calculated the OR in the group of HPV16 women with CIN2+ (OR = 4.62; 95% CI = 3.13 to 6.82), this value increased (OR = 106.12; 95% CI = 53.71 to 209.69) in women with CIN2+ and positive mRNA. Discussion The presence of the HPV16 genotype in our study was associated with a risk 5 times greater of developing a high-grade lesion (CIN2+) (OR = 4.62 95% CI:3.13–6.82); this supports the hypothesis that it would be opportune to have targeted protocols for the management of HPV 16 positive women. The results showed that there was an association between E6/E7 mRNA expression and histology (OR = 106.12; 95% CI = 53.71 to 209.69). The E6/E7 mRNA test showed a higher prevalence of E6 and E7 transcripts in patients with higher-grade lesions. Conclusion The results of this study suggest that the HPV genotype determination and E6/E7 mRNA detection would find an important application for management of HPV positive women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Teresa Bruno
- Department of General Surgery and Medical Surgical Specialties, Gynecological Clinic of the University of Catania. Policlinico, Via Santa Sofia 78, 95124, Catania, Italy.
| | - Martina Ferrara
- Department of General Surgery and Medical Surgical Specialties, Gynecological Clinic of the University of Catania. Policlinico, Via Santa Sofia 78, 95124, Catania, Italy
| | - Valentina Fava
- Department of General Surgery and Medical Surgical Specialties, Gynecological Clinic of the University of Catania. Policlinico, Via Santa Sofia 78, 95124, Catania, Italy
| | - Agnese Rapisarda
- Department of General Surgery and Medical Surgical Specialties, Gynecological Clinic of the University of Catania. Policlinico, Via Santa Sofia 78, 95124, Catania, Italy
| | - Angela Coco
- Department of General Surgery and Medical Surgical Specialties, Gynecological Clinic of the University of Catania. Policlinico, Via Santa Sofia 78, 95124, Catania, Italy
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27
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Segondy M, Ngou J, Kelly H, Omar T, Goumbri-Lompo O, Doutre S, Mayaud P, Didelot MN. Diagnostic value of human papillomavirus (HPV) 16 and HPV18 viral loads for the detection of high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN2+) in a cohort of African women living with HIV. J Clin Virol 2018; 99-100:79-83. [PMID: 29353074 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2018.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND African women living with HIV (WLHIV) are at high risk of cervical cancer but rarely adequately screened. Better strategies enabling identification of WLHIV with high-grade cervical intraepithelial lesions (CIN2+) are required. OBJECTIVES To investigate the diagnostic value of HPV16 and HPV18 viral loads in a cohort of African WLHIV. DESIGN HPV16 and HPV18 viral loads were determined by quantitation of the E6 gene DNA by real-time PCR in cervical specimens collected at baseline and endline (16 months) from 245 African WLHIV positive for HPV16 or/and HPV18. Cervical biopsies were graded using the histopathological CIN classification. RESULTS Women with CIN2+ had higher viral load for HPV16 (p < 0.0001) or HPV18 (p = 0.03) than those without CIN2+. HPV16 viral load ≥3.59 log copies/1000 cells detected CIN2+ with sensitivity and specificity of 93.5% (95%CI: 81.7-98.3%) and 74.1% (95%CI: 66.3-80.6%), respectively, whereas HPV18 viral load ≥1.63 log copies/1000 cells detected CIN2+ with sensitivity and specificity of 59.1% (95%CI: 38.7-76.7%) and 66.9% (95%CI: 58.8-74.1%), respectively. A high baseline HPV16 viral load was significantly associated with persistence of, or progression to CIN2+ at endline; these findings were not observed for HPV18. CONCLUSIONS HPV16 viral load is a powerful marker of CIN2+ in African WLHIV. HPV18 viral load is of lower diagnostic value in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Segondy
- INSERM, EFS, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France; Department of Biology and Pathology, University of Montpellier Hospital, Montpellier, France.
| | - Jean Ngou
- INSERM, EFS, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Helen Kelly
- Department of Clinical Research, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Tanvier Omar
- Department of Pathology, National Health Laboratory Services, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Olga Goumbri-Lompo
- Department of Pathology, University Teaching Hospital Yalgado, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Sylviane Doutre
- Department of Biology and Pathology, University of Montpellier Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Philippe Mayaud
- Department of Clinical Research, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Marie-Noelle Didelot
- INSERM, EFS, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France; Department of Biology and Pathology, University of Montpellier Hospital, Montpellier, France
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28
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Trujillo E, Sanchéz R, Bravo MM. Integración, carga viral y niveles de ARN mensajero de E2 de VPH 16 en la progresión de lesiones intraepiteliales cervicales. ACTA BIOLÓGICA COLOMBIANA 2018. [DOI: 10.15446/abc.v23n1.63487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Entre las lesiones intraepiteliales escamosas cervicales (LIE) es importante distinguir aquellas asociadas con mayor riesgo de cáncer de cuello uterino. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar si los niveles de expresión de E2 del VPH16 en mujeres con LIE y con evidencia de integración viral se asocian con el grado de la lesión. Se analizaron 109 cepillados cervicales positivos para VPH 16 provenientes de 19 mujeres sin LIE, 45 mujeres con LIE de bajo grado (LIEBG) y 45 mujeres con LIE de alto grado (LIEAG). Se cuantificó el número de copias de ARNm de E2 y de los genes E2 y E6 mediante PCR en tiempo real para determinar la carga viral (E6) y la proporción E2/E6 para evaluar la integración viral. Se encontraron frecuencias similares de expresión de E2 en LEIBG y LEIAG 15/45 (33 %), la frecuencia en mujeres sin lesión fue menor 3/19 (15,8 %), todos los casos en los que se observó expresión del gen E2 tenían mezcla de ADN viral episomal e integrado. La carga viral aumentó significativamente a mayor grado de la lesión (p=0,049), mientras que la proporción E2/E6 disminuyó (p=0,049). El análisis ROC mostró una baja capacidad de los tres parámetros virales para distinguir entre lesiones de bajo y alto grado. En conclusión, aunque las lesiones con presencia de ADN viral mixto e integrado y expresión de E2 podrían estar en menor riesgo de progresión, y la carga viral y la integración se relacionaron con mayor gravedad de la lesión, su valor clínico como biomarcadores de LEIAG es limitado.
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Torres-Rojas FI, Alarcón-Romero LDC, Leyva-Vázquez MA, Ortiz-Ortiz J, Mendoza-Catalán MÁ, Hernández-Sotelo D, Del Moral-Hernández O, Rodríguez-Ruiz HA, Leyva-Illades D, Flores-Alfaro E, Illades-Aguiar B. Methylation of the L1 gene and integration of human papillomavirus 16 and 18 in cervical carcinoma and premalignant lesions. Oncol Lett 2017; 15:2278-2286. [PMID: 29434935 PMCID: PMC5776931 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
High-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) is the primary cause of cervical carcinoma (CC). Viral integration into the host chromosomes is associated with neoplastic progression, and epigenetic changes may occur as a result. The objective of the present study was to analyze HPV L1 gene methylation and to compare the use of quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), in situ hybridization (ISH) and L1 methylation analysis as methods for detecting HPV integration. Cervical scrapes or biopsy samples positive for HPV 16 or 18, from 187 female patients with CC, squamous intraepithelial lesions (SILs) or no intraepithelial lesion (non-IL) were analyzed. Methylation of the L1 gene was determined using bisulfite modification followed by PCR, and HPV integration was subsequently analyzed. HPV 16 L1 gene methylation was revealed to increase with histological grade, with statistically significant differences observed as follows: Low-grade SIL vs. CC, P<0.0001 and non-IL vs. CC, P<0.0001. HPV 18 L1 gene methylation also increased according to histological grade, however, no statistically significant differences were observed. Methylation at CpG site 5608 of the HPV 16 L1 gene was associated with all grades of cervical lesions, whereas methylation at CpG site 5617 demonstrated the strongest association with CC (odds ratio, 42.5; 95% confidence interval, 4.7-1861; P<0.0001). The concordance rates between the various methods for the detection of the physical status of HPV 16 and HPV 18 were 96.1% for qPCR and ISH, 76.7% for qPCR and L1 gene methylation, and 84.8% for ISH and L1 gene methylation. In conclusion, methylation of the HPV 16 L1 gene increases significantly according to the grade of the cervical lesion, and methylation at CpG sites 5608 and 5617 of this gene may be used as prognostic biomarkers. ISH and L1 gene methylation have good concordance with qPCR with regards to the detection of HPV integration. Therefore, these are useful methods in determining the physical state of HPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Israel Torres-Rojas
- Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine, School of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero 39090, Mexico
| | - Luz Del Carmen Alarcón-Romero
- Laboratory of Cytopathology and Histochemistry, School of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero 39090, Mexico
| | - Marco Antonio Leyva-Vázquez
- Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine, School of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero 39090, Mexico
| | - Julio Ortiz-Ortiz
- Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine, School of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero 39090, Mexico
| | - Miguel Ángel Mendoza-Catalán
- Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine, School of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero 39090, Mexico
| | - Daniel Hernández-Sotelo
- Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine, School of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero 39090, Mexico
| | - Oscar Del Moral-Hernández
- Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine, School of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero 39090, Mexico
| | - Hugo Alberto Rodríguez-Ruiz
- Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine, School of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero 39090, Mexico
| | - Dinorah Leyva-Illades
- Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine, School of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero 39090, Mexico
| | - Eugenia Flores-Alfaro
- Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine, School of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero 39090, Mexico
| | - Berenice Illades-Aguiar
- Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine, School of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero 39090, Mexico
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Abstract
Persistent infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes is the leading cause of cervical cancer development. To this end several studies have focused on designing molecular assays for HPV genotyping, which are considered as the gold standard for the early diagnosis of HPV infection. Moreover, the tendency of HPV DNA to be integrated into the host chromosome is a determining event for cervical oncogenesis. Thus, the establishment of molecular techniques was promoted in order to investigate the physical status of the HPV DNA and the locus of viral insertion into the host chromosome. The molecular approaches that have been developed recently facilitate the collection of a wide spectrum of valuable information specific to each individual patient and therefore can significantly contribute to the establishment of a personalised prognosis, diagnosis and treatment of HPV-positive patients. The present review focuses on state of the art molecular assays for HPV detection and genotyping for intra-lesion analyses, it examines molecular approaches for the determination of HPV-DNA physical status and it discusses the criteria for selecting the most appropriate regions of viral DNA to be incorporated in HPV genotyping and in the determination of HPV-DNA physical status.
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Human Papillomavirus-Related Cancers. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1018:23-34. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-5765-6_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Association of cytologic grade of anal “Pap” smears with viral loads of human papillomavirus types 16, 18, and 52 detected in the same specimens from men who have sex with men. J Clin Virol 2016; 85:48-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2016.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2015] [Revised: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Wu Z, Qin Y, Yu L, Lin C, Wang H, Cui J, Liu B, Liao Y, Warren D, Zhang X, Chen W. Association between human papillomavirus (HPV) 16, HPV18, and other HR-HPV viral load and the histological classification of cervical lesions: Results from a large-scale cross-sectional study. J Med Virol 2016; 89:535-541. [PMID: 27464021 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.24645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zeni Wu
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology; Cancer Hospital; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College; Beijing China
| | - Yu Qin
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology; Cancer Hospital; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College; Beijing China
- Department of Epidemiology; Public Health College; Dalian Medical University; Dalian Liaoning Province China
| | - Lulu Yu
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology; Cancer Hospital; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College; Beijing China
| | - Chunqing Lin
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology; Cancer Hospital; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College; Beijing China
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology; Cancer Hospital; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College; Beijing China
| | - Jianfeng Cui
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology; Cancer Hospital; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College; Beijing China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology; Cancer Hospital; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College; Beijing China
| | - Yiqun Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics; School of Public Health; Xiamen University; Xiamen Fujian China
| | - De'Andre Warren
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology; Cancer Hospital; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College; Beijing China
- University of Chicago; Chicago Illinois
| | - Xun Zhang
- Department of Pathology; Cancer Hospital; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College; Beijing China
| | - Wen Chen
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology; Cancer Hospital; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College; Beijing China
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Guenat D, Riethmuller D, Ramanah R, Morel A, Aubin F, Mougin C, Prétet JL. [Molecular diagnosis of human papillomaviruses (HPV): What test(s) in clinical practice?]. J Gynecol Obstet Hum Reprod 2016; 45:1009-1019. [PMID: 27771203 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgyn.2016.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Prescription of an HPV test in practice will enable the clinician to optimize the monitoring and the management of patients, especially in the context of cervical cancer screening. Numerous HPV tests are available that present different analytical and clinical sensitivity and specificity. International recommendations on clinical performance of HPV tests used for cervical cancer screening have been published by a group of experts, and tests that meet these performance criteria should be used. Apart from the HPV detection kit, the whole circuit from sampling to report of the results must be considered. This implies that the pre-analytical (sampling, quality of sample collection medium, storage condition and sample transportation…) and post-analytical steps (quality of result reporting, providing expert advices…) are also standardized. For this purpose, medical-biology laboratories are subjected to a COFRAC certification, as defined by the international standard ISO 15189 providing quality criteria for any clinical laboratory test and HPV test in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Guenat
- Université Franche-Comte, COMUE UBFC, 25000 Besançon, France; CHRU de Besançon, 25000 Besançon, France; EA 3181, LabEx LipSTIC ANR-11-LABX-0021, FED4234, 25000 Besançon, France
| | - D Riethmuller
- Université Franche-Comte, COMUE UBFC, 25000 Besançon, France; CHRU de Besançon, 25000 Besançon, France; EA 3181, LabEx LipSTIC ANR-11-LABX-0021, FED4234, 25000 Besançon, France
| | - R Ramanah
- Université Franche-Comte, COMUE UBFC, 25000 Besançon, France; CHRU de Besançon, 25000 Besançon, France; EA 3181, LabEx LipSTIC ANR-11-LABX-0021, FED4234, 25000 Besançon, France
| | - A Morel
- Université Franche-Comte, COMUE UBFC, 25000 Besançon, France; EA 3181, LabEx LipSTIC ANR-11-LABX-0021, FED4234, 25000 Besançon, France
| | - F Aubin
- Université Franche-Comte, COMUE UBFC, 25000 Besançon, France; CHRU de Besançon, 25000 Besançon, France; EA 3181, LabEx LipSTIC ANR-11-LABX-0021, FED4234, 25000 Besançon, France
| | - C Mougin
- Université Franche-Comte, COMUE UBFC, 25000 Besançon, France; CHRU de Besançon, 25000 Besançon, France; EA 3181, LabEx LipSTIC ANR-11-LABX-0021, FED4234, 25000 Besançon, France
| | - J-L Prétet
- Université Franche-Comte, COMUE UBFC, 25000 Besançon, France; CHRU de Besançon, 25000 Besançon, France; EA 3181, LabEx LipSTIC ANR-11-LABX-0021, FED4234, 25000 Besançon, France; Inserm CIC 1431, 25000 Besançon, France.
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Bansal A, Singh MP, Rai B. Human papillomavirus-associated cancers: A growing global problem. Int J Appl Basic Med Res 2016; 6:84-9. [PMID: 27127735 PMCID: PMC4830161 DOI: 10.4103/2229-516x.179027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is linked with several cancers such as cancer cervix, vagina, vulva, head and neck, anal, and penile carcinomas. Although there is a proven association of HPV with these cancers, questions regarding HPV testing, vaccination, and treatment of HPV-related cancers continue to remain unanswered. The present article provides an overview of the HPV-associated cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mini P Singh
- Department of Virology, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
| | - Bhavana Rai
- Department of Radiotherapy, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
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Barth H, Morel A, Mougin C, Averous G, Legrain M, Fender M, Risch S, Fafi-Kremer S, Velten M, Oudet P, Baldauf JJ, Stoll-Keller F. Long-term storage and safe retrieval of human papillomavirus DNA using FTA elute cards. J Virol Methods 2016; 229:60-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2015.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Revised: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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High Prevalence of Human Papillomavirus in Colorectal Cancer in Hispanics: A Case-Control Study. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2016; 2016:7896716. [PMID: 26904111 PMCID: PMC4745930 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7896716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) in colorectal carcinogenesis remains elusive. Based on the high incidence of HPV-associated malignancies among Puerto Rican Hispanics, this study aimed to assess the prevalence of HPV infection and viral integration in colorectal tissues in order to evaluate its putative role in colorectal cancer (CRC). In this case-control study, the prevalence of HPV infection in CRC (cases n = 45) and normal colon mucosa from cancer-free subjects (controls n = 36) was assessed by a nested PCR strategy. HPV-16 genotyping was performed in HPV-positive tissues and the physical status of the HPV-16 genome was determined by E2 detection. HPV was detected in 19 of 45 (42.2%) CRC cases (mean age 61.1 ± 10.7 years, 24 males) and in 1 of 36 (2.8%) controls (mean age 60.9 ± 9.6 years, 24 males) with an OR = 25.58 (95% CI 3.21 to 203.49). HPV-16 was detected in 63.2% of the HPV-positive colorectal tumors; genome integration was observed in all HPV-16 positive cases. This is the first report showing the high prevalence of HPV infections in Caribbean Hispanic colorectal tumors. Despite evidence of HPV integration into the host genome, further mechanistic analysis examining HPV oncoprotein expression and the putative role of these oncoproteins in colorectal carcinogenesis is warranted.
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Han L, Maimaitiming T, Husaiyin S, Wang L, Wusainahong K, Ma C, Niyazi M. Comparative study of HPV16 integration in cervical lesions between ethnicities with high and low rates of infection with high-risk HPV and the correlation between integration rate and cervical neoplasia. Exp Ther Med 2015; 10:2169-2174. [PMID: 26668611 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2015.2740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The etiology of a high incidence of cervical cancer in populations with a low human papillomavirus (HPV) infection rate is unclear. The current study aimed to investigate the role of HPV16 DNA integration in cervical lesions in women of Han and Uygur ethnicity and to explore the association between viral integration and a high cervical cancer morbidity with a low HPV infection rate. DNA was extracted from the biopsy specimens of cervical lesions of 379 patients of Uygur ethnicity and 464 patients of Han ethnicity, and multiple quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assays were performed to determine the copy numbers of the HPV16 E2 and E6 genes. The copy number of the HPV16 DNA was evaluated according to the E2/E6 ratio. Among these cases, 122 Uygur and 121 Han specimens were found to be HPV16 positive. In the two populations, the percentage of cases with HPV16 integration (the sum of integrated-type infection only or a mixture of free-and integrated-type infection) increased with the grade of the cervical lesions (P<0.001). Within groups with the same cervical lesion grade, no significant differences in HPV16 integration were found between women of Uygur and Han ethnicity (rank sum test, P>0.05). No significant differences in the distribution of the HPV16 integration rate according to lesion grade were found in either population (P>0.05). When the two subpopulations were considered as one sample population, the integration rate significantly increased with lesion grade (P=0.02). These results indicate that the integration rate of HPV16 E2 may serve as a molecular biological marker for the development of cervical lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Han
- Postgraduate College of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, P.R. China ; Department of Gynecology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, P.R. China
| | - Tuerxunayi Maimaitiming
- Department of Gynecology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, P.R. China
| | - Sulaiya Husaiyin
- Department of Gynecology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, P.R. China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Gynecology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, P.R. China
| | - Kunduozi Wusainahong
- Department of Gynecology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, P.R. China
| | - Chunhua Ma
- Department of Gynecology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, P.R. China
| | - Mayinuer Niyazi
- Department of Gynecology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, P.R. China
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Baron C, Henry M, Tamalet C, Villeret J, Richet H, Carcopino X. Relationship between HPV 16, 18, 31, 33, 45 DNA detection and quantitation and E6/E7 mRNA detection among a series of cervical specimens with various degrees of histological lesions. J Med Virol 2015; 87:1389-96. [PMID: 25908062 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.24157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Better understanding of the correlation between high-risk HPV DNA testing, viral load quantitation, and E6/E7 mRNA detection is required. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between these markers and the severity of cervical lesions. One-hundred and fifty one directed cervical specimens were analysed (normal, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, and cancer). HPV types 16, 18, 31, 33, and 45 DNA detection and quantititation and E6/E7 mRNA detection were performed. DNA was detected in 87 (57.6%) samples and increased from 0% (normal) to 93.9% (cancer). E6/E7 mRNA was detected in 65 (43%) samples and increased with the severity of the lesions from 0% (normal) to 78.8% (26/33) (cancers) (P < 0.001). HPV DNA and E6/E7 mRNA detection were compared in the 141 samples harbouring HPV16, 18, 31, 33, or 45 infection: 45.4% (64/141) of specimens were DNA-/mRNA-, 46% (65/141) were DNA + /mRNA+ and 8.5% (12/141) were DNA + /mRNA-. The proportion of DNA + /mRNA+ specimens increased with the severity of the lesions (P < 0.001). All normal cervix specimens were DNA-/mRNA-. Among grade 2 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, prevalence of DNA was higher than that of mRNA: 41.6% (5/12) versus 25% (3/12), whereas it was 79.3% (46/58) versus 62% (36/58) among grade 3 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. Full concordance was observed in cancers as all the 26 DNA+ specimens were mRNA +. Median overall HPV load was higher in DNA + /mRNA+ than in DNA + /mRNA- specimens (1.41 × 10(6) vs. 9.1 × 10(2) copies per million cells, P < 0.001). Both E6/E7 mRNA detection and concordant DNA + /mRNA+ detection increases with the severity of the lesions and with the HPV DNA load.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Baron
- Federation of Clinical Microbiology, URMITE UMR CNRS 7278 IRD 198 IHU Infection Méditerranée, Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, CHU Timone, Marseille, France
| | - Mireille Henry
- Federation of Clinical Microbiology, URMITE UMR CNRS 7278 IRD 198 IHU Infection Méditerranée, Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, CHU Timone, Marseille, France
| | - Catherine Tamalet
- Federation of Clinical Microbiology, URMITE UMR CNRS 7278 IRD 198 IHU Infection Méditerranée, Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, CHU Timone, Marseille, France
| | - Julia Villeret
- Department of Pathology, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), Hôpital Nord, Marseille, France
| | - Herve Richet
- Federation of Clinical Microbiology, URMITE UMR CNRS 7278 IRD 198 IHU Infection Méditerranée, Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, CHU Timone, Marseille, France
| | - Xavier Carcopino
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hôpital Nord, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), Aix-Marseille Université (AMU), CNRS, IRD, Avignon Université, Marseille, France
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Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY In the absence of effective therapeutic strategies, cervical carcinoma continues to be second on the list of mortality rates of malignant tumours found in women. We investigated the effects of β -sitosterol, a natural product isolated from traditional Chinese herbs, on Caski and HeLa cervical carcinoma cells. MATERIAL AND METHODS Morphological changes were examined by light microscopy. Ultrastructures of Caski and HeLa cells treated with 20 µmol/l β-sitosterol were documented by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Changes in mRNA and protein expression were quantified respectively using Real-Time qPCR and western blot methods. RESULTS Treatment of Caski and HeLa cells with β-sitosterol resulted in reduced expression of PCNA, indicative of an inhibitory effect on cell proliferation. This was associated with increased p53 mRNA levels and decreased amounts of HPV E6 transcripts. Expression of p53 and HPV E6 proteins followed a similar trend as that observed for the corresponding transcripts. Caski and HeLa cells treated with β-sitosterol exhibited loss of cell surface microvilli, increased electron density of cell membrane, and decreased organelles. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, treatment of Caski and HeLa cells with β-sitosterol significantly suppressed the expression of genes involved in cell proliferation and oncogenic transformation, while augmenting the expression of genes involved in apoptosis and tumour suppression. Ultrastuctural characterisation of Caski and HeLa cells treated with β-sitosterol further confirmed the anti-proliferative and anti-cancer activity of this natural product isolated from traditional Chinese herbs.
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Integration of the full-length HPV16 genome in cervical cancer and Caski and Siha cell lines and the possible ways of HPV integration. Virus Genes 2015; 50:210-20. [PMID: 25823917 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-014-1164-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Integration of high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) into the host genome is a key event for cervical carcinogenesis. Different methods have been used to explore the physical states of the HPV genome to reveal the mechanisms for malignant transformation of the infected cells. Consensus has been reached that, although variable portions of the HPV genome are deleted in the integrated HPV sequences, common disruption of the viral E2 gene has been demonstrated in different studies. The head-to-tail concatemers of the full-length HPV16 genome is another typical integration pattern of HPV16, typically found in Caski cell lines, but its prevalence in cervical cancer has never been tested. Here, by introducing a modified PCR, we identified this head-to-tail concatemers of full-length HPV genomes in advanced cervical cancer with HPV16 single positive. Our results show that more than half of the cases contain this integrated head-to-tail concatemers of full-length HPV16 genomes. Further studies in two cervical cell lines, Caski cells and Siha cells, revealed a correlation between the prevalence of the spliced variants of integrated HPV16 sequences and the full-length transcription of the integrated head-to-tail concatemers of the full-length HPV16 genome. Based on these results, we propose that HPV16 integrated into host cells by two mechanisms: one mechanism is shared by other DNA virus and cause integration of the head-to-tail concatemers of the viral genome; another is related to the reverse transcription process, which the integrated HPV sequence is generated by the reverse transcription of the viral mRNA.
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42
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Dong Y, Tan Q, Tao L, Pan X, Pang L, Liang W, Liu W, Zhang W, Li F, Jia W. Hypermethylation of TFPI2 correlates with cervical cancer incidence in the Uygur and Han populations of Xinjiang, China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2015; 8:1844-1854. [PMID: 25973077 PMCID: PMC4396244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Tissue factor pathway inhibitor 2 (TFPI2) is a Kunitz-type serine proteinase inhibitor, which plays an important role in the etiology of human malignancies. DNA methylation is a common epigenetic modification of the genome that is involved in regulating many cellular processes. In addition to human papilloma virus (HPV) infection, DNA methylation may play a role in the carcinogenesis of cervical cancer. Methylation of 22 CpG sites in the promoter region of the TFPI2 gene was detected by MassARRAY spectrometry and a gene mass spectrogram was drawn using MALDI-TOF MS. HPV16 was detected by PCR. We show that aberrant methylation of TFPI2 is present in a higher proportion of invasive cervical carcinoma (ICC) clinical samples as compared to normal cervical samples in Uygur and Han. Across the four pathologic lesions of the progression of cervical cancer, ICC showed the highest level of aberrant methylation, and with a stronger correlation between CpG site and lesion grade in Uygur than in Han. Moreover, a difference in TFPI2 methylation between Uygur patients positive and negative for HPV16 infection was observed at CpG_6 (P = 0.028) and CpG_15 (P = 0.007). Altogether, these results indicate that DNA methylation of TFPI2 may play an important role in the carcinogenesis of cervical cancer and that the differential methylation of TFPI2 may at least partially explain the disparity in cervical cancer incidence between Uygur and Han women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuling Dong
- Department of Pathology, Shihezi University School of MedicineShihezi, China
| | - Qiufen Tan
- Department of Pathology, The Sixth People’s Hospital of Huizhou CityGuangdong, China
| | - Lin Tao
- Department of Pathology, Shihezi University School of MedicineShihezi, China
| | - Xiaolin Pan
- Department of Pathology, Shihezi University School of MedicineShihezi, China
| | - Lijuan Pang
- Department of Pathology, Shihezi University School of MedicineShihezi, China
| | - Weihua Liang
- Department of Pathology, Shihezi University School of MedicineShihezi, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of MedicineShihezi, China
| | - Wenjie Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Shihezi University School of MedicineShihezi, China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Pathology, Shihezi University School of MedicineShihezi, China
| | - Wei Jia
- Department of Pathology, Shihezi University School of MedicineShihezi, China
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Rajendra S. Barrett's oesophagus: can meaningful screening and surveillance guidelines be formulated based on new data and rejigging the old paradigm? Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 2015; 29:65-75. [PMID: 25743457 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpg.2014.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) and Barrett's oesophagus (BO) have been considered to be the most important known risk factors for oesophageal adenocarcinoma (OAC). It has been the fastest growing cancer in the Western World and has occurred against a backdrop of progressive reduction in the risk estimate of malignancy associated with BO and no reduction in mortality from OAC using the prevailing screening and surveillance guidelines. The recently published link between high risk HPV and Barrett's dysplasia/cancer may be the 'missing' strong risk factor responsible for the significant rise of OAC since the 1970's, as has been the case with head and neck tumours, another viral associated cancer. P53 immunohistochemistry has been proposed as a good molecular marker for predicting disease progression in BD. Nevertheless, significant negative staining for this mutation in BD remains a major hurdle to widespread routine clinical use as a sole molecular marker. Recent data raises the distinct possibility of at least 2 (probably more) carcinogenic pathways operating in OAC. One is HPV mediated devoid largely of p53 mutations and the other p53 dependent. The joint use of both these markers as part of a molecular panel may represent the best bet yet of detecting the high risk group of progressors to OAC. Patients who are positive for either or both biomarkers i.e p53 or/and transcriptional markers of HPV may warrant more intensive screening. In future, genome wide technology may provide molecular signatures to aid diagnosis and risk stratification in BO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanmugarajah Rajendra
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Bankstown-Lidcombe Hospital, South Western Sydney Local Health Network, Eldridge Road, Bankstown, Sydney, New South Wales 2200, Australia; South Western Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Kensington, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Gastro-Intestinal Viral Oncology Group, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, Sydney, New South Wales 2170, Australia.
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Lillsunde Larsson G, Helenius G, Sorbe B, Karlsson MG. Viral load, integration and methylation of E2BS3 and 4 in human papilloma virus (HPV) 16-positive vaginal and vulvar carcinomas. PLoS One 2014; 9:e112839. [PMID: 25393237 PMCID: PMC4231157 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0112839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate if viral load, integration and methylation of E2BS3 and 4 represent different ways of tumor transformation in vaginal and vulvar carcinoma and to elucidate its clinical impact. Methods Fifty-seven samples, positive for HPV16, were selected for the study. Detection of viral load was made with realtime-PCR using copy numbers of E6 and integration was calculated from comparing E2 to E6-copies. Methylation of E2BS3 and 4 was analysed using bisulphite treatment of tumor DNA, followed by PCR and pyrosequencing. Results Vaginal tumors were found to have a higher viral load (p = 0.024) compared to vulvar tumors but a high copy number (> median value, 15 000) as well as high methylation (>50%) was significantly (p = 0.010 and p = 0.045) associated with a worse cancer-specific survival rate in vulvar carcinoma, but not in vaginal carcinoma. Four groups could be defined for the complete series using a Cluster Two step analysis; (1) tumors holding episomal viral DNA, viral load below 150 000 copies not highly methylated (n = 25, 46.3%); (2) tumors harboring episomal viral DNA and being highly methylated (>50%; n = 6, 11.1%); (3) tumors with viral DNA fully integrated (n = 11, 20.4%), and (4) tumors harboring episomal viral DNA and being medium- or unmethylated (<50%) and having a high viral load (> total mean value 150 000; n = 12, 22.2%). The completely integrated tumors were found to be distinct group, whilst some overlap between the groups with high methylation and high viral load was observed. Conclusion HPV16- related integration, methylation in E2BS3 and 4 and viral load may represent different viral characteristics driving vaginal and vulvar carcinogenesis. HPV16- related parameters were found to be of clinical importance in the vulvar series only.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Lillsunde Larsson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden
- School of Health and Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | - Gisela Helenius
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden
- School of Health and Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Bengt Sorbe
- Department of Oncology, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Mats G. Karlsson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden
- School of Health and Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
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Al-Haddad S, El-Zimaity H, Hafezi-Bakhtiari S, Rajendra S, Streutker CJ, Vajpeyi R, Wang B. Infection and esophageal cancer. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2014; 1325:187-96. [PMID: 25266025 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.12530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The following, from the 12th OESO World Conference: Cancers of the Esophagus, includes commentaries on infection and cancer, and includes commentaries on the influence of bacterial infections on mucin expression and cancer risk; the role of esophageal bacterial biota in the incidence of esophageal disease; the association between human papilloma virus (HPV) and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma; the role of HPV in esophageal adenocarcinoma; the role of Helicobacter pylori in cardiac carcinoma; and the role of Epstein-Barr virus infection in esophageal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Al-Haddad
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital and the University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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Olthof NC, Huebbers CU, Kolligs J, Henfling M, Ramaekers FCS, Cornet I, van Lent-Albrechts JA, Stegmann APA, Silling S, Wieland U, Carey TE, Walline HM, Gollin SM, Hoffmann TK, de Winter J, Kremer B, Klussmann JP, Speel EJM. Viral load, gene expression and mapping of viral integration sites in HPV16-associated HNSCC cell lines. Int J Cancer 2014; 136:E207-18. [PMID: 25082736 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2013] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
HPV-related HNSCC generally have a better prognosis than HPV-negative HNSCC. However, a subgroup of HPV-positive tumors with poor prognosis has been recognized, particularly related to smoking, EGFR overexpression and chromosomal instability. Viral integration into the host genome might contribute to carcinogenesis, as is shown for cervical carcinomas. Therefore, all HPV16-positive HNSCC cell lines currently available have been carefully analyzed for viral and host genome parameters. The viral integration status, viral load, viral gene expression and the presence of aneusomies was evaluated in the cell lines UD-SCC-2, UM-SCC-047, UM-SCC-104, UPCI:SCC090, UPCI:SCC152, UPCI:SCC154 and 93VU147T. HPV integration was examined using FISH, APOT-PCR and DIPS-PCR. Viral load and the expression of the viral genes E2, E6 and E7 were determined via quantitative PCR. All cell lines showed integration-specific staining patterns and signals indicating transcriptional activity using FISH. APOT- and DIPS-PCR identified integration-derived fusion products in six cell lines and only episomal products for UM-SCC-104. Despite the observed differences in viral load and the number of viral integration sites, this did not relate to the identified viral oncogene expression. Furthermore, cell lines exhibited EGFR expression and aneusomy (except UPCI:SCC154). In conclusion, all HPV16-positive HNSCC cell lines showed integrated and/or episomal viral DNA that is transcriptionally active, although viral oncogene expression was independent of viral copy number and the number of viral integration sites. Because these cell lines also contain EGFR expression and aneusomy, which are parameters of poor prognosis, they should be considered suitable model systems for the development of new antiviral therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine C Olthof
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, The Netherlands; Department of Molecular Cell Biology, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, The Netherlands
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Hanisch RA, Cherne SL, Sow PS, Winer RL, Hughes JP, Feng Q, Gottlieb GS, Toure M, Dem A, Kiviat NB, Hawes SE. Human papillomavirus type 16 viral load in relation to HIV infection, cervical neoplasia and cancer in Senegal. Cancer Epidemiol 2014; 38:369-75. [PMID: 24852136 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2014.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Revised: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The importance of human papillomavirus (HPV) viral load in the pathogenesis of cervical cancer among HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected women has not yet been established. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, HPV-16 viral loads were measured using previously-collected and frozen cervical swab samples from 498 HPV-16 positive Senegalese women (368 HIV-seronegative, 126 HIV-1 and/or HIV-2 seropositive). The real-time polymerase chain reaction assay was used to quantify HPV-16 E7 copy number normalized by human cellular DNA (β-actin), and viral loads were log10 transformed. Associations between HPV-16 viral load, degree of cervical abnormality, and HIV status were assessed using multinomial and linear regression methods. RESULTS Compared to women with normal cytology, the likelihood of CIN1 (ORa: 1.21, 95% CI 0.93-1.57), CIN2-3 (ORa: 2.38, 95% CI 1.72-3.29) and cancer (ORa: 2.12, 95% CI 1.52-2.96) was found to increase for each 1-unit log10 increase in HPV-16 viral load. Compared to HIV-negative women, HIV-positive women had higher average HPV-16 viral load values (βa: 0.39, 95% CI 0.03-0.75), even after accounting for degree of cervical abnormality. CONCLUSION In our study of women including those with cancer, HPV-16 viral load was associated with a higher likelihood of cervical abnormalities. However, substantial overlaps across categories of disease severity existed. Higher viral load among HIV-infected individuals may indicate that HIV infection influences HPV viral replication factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel A Hanisch
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Box 357236, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; International Agency for Research on Cancer, Section of Environment and Radiation, 150 Cours Albert Thomas, Lyon Cedex 08 69372, France.
| | - Stephen L Cherne
- Department of Pathology, Harborview Medical Center, Seattle, WA 98104, USA
| | - Papa Salif Sow
- Service des Maladies Infectieuses Ibrahima DIOP MAR - CHU de Fann, Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Rachel L Winer
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Box 357236, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - James P Hughes
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Qinghua Feng
- Department of Pathology, Harborview Medical Center, Seattle, WA 98104, USA
| | - Geoffrey S Gottlieb
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and Department of Global Health, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Macoumba Toure
- Service des Maladies Infectieuses Ibrahima DIOP MAR - CHU de Fann, Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Ahmadou Dem
- Service des Maladies Infectieuses Ibrahima DIOP MAR - CHU de Fann, Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Nancy B Kiviat
- Department of Pathology, Harborview Medical Center, Seattle, WA 98104, USA
| | - Stephen E Hawes
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Box 357236, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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Liu L, Cao G, Zhao Z, Zhao F, Huang Y. High bacterial loads of Ureaplasma may be associated with non-specific cervicitis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 46:637-41. [PMID: 25017795 DOI: 10.3109/00365548.2014.922696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ureaplasma parvum and Ureaplasma urealyticum are commonly found in the cervix of women with non-chlamydial and non-gonococcal cervicitis or non-specific cervicitis (NSC). However their contribution to the aetiology of NSC is controversial. METHODS U. parvum and U. urealyticum were identified and quantified in cervical swabs collected from 155 women with NSC and 312 controls without NSC, using real-time PCR. The relative bacterial quantification was then calculated using the Ureaplasma copy number divided by the number of host cells; this is important for the correction of bias linked to the number of cells harvested in different swabs. RESULTS Ureaplasma was detected in 58.7% (91/155) of NSC patients: U. parvum in 30.3%, U. urealyticum in 16.1%, and mixed infection in 12.3%. It was also detected in 54.5% (170/312) of controls: U. parvum in 33.0%, U. urealyticum in 11.5%, and mixed infection in 9.9%. There were no significant differences for U. parvum, U. urealyticum, or mixed infection between the 2 groups (p > 0.05). However, both biovars were present at higher concentrations in NSC patients than in controls (p < 0.05). Using >10 copies/1000 cells as a reference, the positive rate of U. parvum in NSC patients was 16.1%, significantly higher than that in controls at 5.1% (relative risk 3.145, p < 0.05); positive rates of U. urealyticum in NSC patients and controls were 28.4% and 8.7%, respectively, with a statistically significant difference (relative risk 3.131, p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Ureaplasma can adhere to host cells, colonize, internalize, and subsequently produce pathological lesions. A high density of Ureaplasma in the cervix may be associated with the aetiology of NSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Liu
- From the Department of Laboratory Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynaecology Hospital of Fudan University , Shanghai , China
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Marongiu L, Godi A, Parry JV, Beddows S. Human Papillomavirus 16, 18, 31 and 45 viral load, integration and methylation status stratified by cervical disease stage. BMC Cancer 2014; 14:384. [PMID: 24885011 PMCID: PMC4053304 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Persistent infection with oncogenic Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is associated with the development of cervical cancer with each genotype differing in their relative contribution to the prevalence of cervical disease. HPV DNA testing offers improved sensitivity over cytology testing alone but is accompanied by a generally low specificity. Potential molecular markers of cervical disease include type-specific viral load (VL), integration of HPV DNA into the host genome and methylation of the HPV genome. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between HPV type-specific viral load, integration and methylation status and cervical disease stage in samples harboring HPV16, HPV18, HPV31 or HPV45. Methods Samples singly infected with HPV16 (n = 226), HPV18 (n = 32), HPV31 (n = 75) or HPV45 (n = 29) were selected from a cohort of 4,719 women attending cervical screening in England. Viral load and integration status were determined by real-time PCR while 3’L1-URR methylation status was determined by pyrosequencing or sequencing of multiple clones derived from each sample. Results Viral load could differentiate between normal and abnormal cytology with a sensitivity of 75% and a specificity of 80% (odds ratio [OR] 12.4, 95% CI 6.2–26.1; p < 0.001) with some variation between genotypes. Viral integration was poorly associated with cervical disease. Few samples had fully integrated genomes and these could be found throughout the course of disease. Overall, integration status could distinguish between normal and abnormal cytology with a sensitivity of 72% and a specificity of 50% (OR 2.6, 95% CI 1.0–6.8; p = 0.054). Methylation levels were able to differentiate normal and low grade cytology from high grade cytology with a sensitivity of 64% and a specificity of 82% (OR 8.2, 95% CI 3.8–18.0; p < 0.001). However, methylation varied widely between genotypes with HPV18 and HPV45 exhibiting a broader degree and higher magnitude of methylated CpG sites than HPV16 and HPV31. Conclusions This study lends support for HPV viral load and CpG methylation status, but not integration status, to be considered as potential biomarkers of cervical disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Simon Beddows
- Virus Reference Department, Public Health England, 61 Colindale Avenue, London NW9 5EQ, U,K.
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Prétet JL, Guenat D, Riethmuller D, Mougin C. New HPV16 viral biomarkers to understand the progression of cervical lesions towards cancer. Indian J Med Res 2014; 139:487-9. [PMID: 25055395 PMCID: PMC4078487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Luc Prétet
- Univ. Franche-Comte, F-25000 Besancon, France,For correspondence:
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