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Holguín-Meráz C, Martínez-Martínez RE, Zaragoza-Contreras EA, Domínguez-Pérez RA, Reyes-López SY, Donohue-Cornejo A, Cuevas-González JC, Silva-Benítez EDL, Molina-Frechero N, Espinosa-Cristóbal LF. Antibacterial Effect of Silver Nanoparticles against Oral Biofilms in Subjects with Motor and Intellectual Disabilities. J Funct Biomater 2024; 15:191. [PMID: 39057312 PMCID: PMC11277624 DOI: 10.3390/jfb15070191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Motor and intellectual disabilities (MIDs) represent a great challenge for maintaining general health due to physical and cognitive limitations, particularly in the maintenance and preservation of oral health. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have emerged as a promising therapeutic tool for bacterial control, including oral biofilms; however, knowledge of the bactericidal effectiveness of oral biofilms from patients with MIDs is insufficient. This study aims to determine the antimicrobial effect of AgNPs on different oral biofilms taken from patients with and without MIDs. METHODS Two sizes of AgNPs were prepared and characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Through consecutive sampling, biofilm samples were collected from 17 subjects with MIDs and 20 subjects without disorders. The antimicrobial effect was determined by obtaining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of AgNPs, and the identification and distribution of oral bacterial species were determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Finally, correlations between sociodemographic characteristics and the antimicrobial levels of AgNPs were also explored. The values of the MIC results were analyzed with IBM-SPSS software (version25) using non-parametric tests for independent groups and correlations, with statistical significance being considered as p < 0.05. RESULTS Both sizes of AgNPs exhibited tight particle size distributions (smaller: 10.2 ± 0.7 nm; larger: 29.3 ± 2.3 nm) with zeta potential values (-35.0 ± 3.3 and -52.6 ± 8.5 mV, respectively) confirming the stability that resulted in little to no agglomeration of nanoparticles. Although both sizes of AgNPs had good antimicrobial activity in all oral biofilms, the smallest particles had the best antimicrobial effects on the oral biofilm samples from patients with and without MIDs, even better than chlorhexidine (CHX) (p < 0.05). Likewise, the patients with disabilities showed higher levels of antimicrobial sensitivity to AgNPs compared with CHX (p < 0.05). Although the microorganisms included in the biofilms of females had a statistically higher growth level, the AgNP antimicrobial effect was statistically similar in both genders (p > 0.05). The most frequent bacteria for all oral biofilms were S. mutans (100%), P. intermedia (91.6%), T. forsythia (75.0%), T. denticola (75.0%), P. gingivalis (66.6%), F. nucleatum (66.6%), S. sobrinus (50.0%), and A. actinomycetemcomitans (8.3%). CONCLUSIONS AgNPs exhibited considerable antimicrobial potential to be used as a complementary and alternative tool in maintaining and preserving oral health in patients with MIDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Holguín-Meráz
- Master Program in Dental Sciences, Stomatology Department, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Autonomous University of Juarez City (UACJ), Envolvente del PRONAF and Estocolmo s/n, Ciudad Juárez 32310, Chihuahua, Mexico; (C.H.-M.); (A.D.-C.); (J.C.C.-G.)
| | - Rita Elizabeth Martínez-Martínez
- Master Program in Advanced Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosi, Manuel Nava Avenue, University Campus, San Luis Potosí 78290, San Luis Potosí, Mexico;
| | - Erasto Armando Zaragoza-Contreras
- Department of Engineering and Materials Chemistry, Centro de Investigación en Materiales Avanzados, S. C., Miguel de Cervantes No. 120, Chihuahua 31136, Chihuahua, Mexico;
| | - Rubén Abraham Domínguez-Pérez
- Laboratory of Multidisciplinary Dental Research, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Queretaro, Clavel Street, Prados de La Capilla, Santiago de Querétaro 76176, Querétaro, Mexico;
| | - Simón Yobanny Reyes-López
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Autonomous University of Juarez City (UACJ), Envolvente del PRONAF and Estocolmo s/n, Ciudad Juárez 32310, Chihuahua, Mexico;
| | - Alejandro Donohue-Cornejo
- Master Program in Dental Sciences, Stomatology Department, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Autonomous University of Juarez City (UACJ), Envolvente del PRONAF and Estocolmo s/n, Ciudad Juárez 32310, Chihuahua, Mexico; (C.H.-M.); (A.D.-C.); (J.C.C.-G.)
| | - Juan Carlos Cuevas-González
- Master Program in Dental Sciences, Stomatology Department, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Autonomous University of Juarez City (UACJ), Envolvente del PRONAF and Estocolmo s/n, Ciudad Juárez 32310, Chihuahua, Mexico; (C.H.-M.); (A.D.-C.); (J.C.C.-G.)
| | - Erika de Lourdes Silva-Benítez
- Faculty of Odontology, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Josefa Ortiz de Domínguez Street, Culiacán 80010, Sinaloa, Mexico;
| | - Nelly Molina-Frechero
- Division of Biological and Health Sciences, Autonomous Metropolitan University Xochimilco (UAM), Mexico City 04960, Mexico;
| | - León Francisco Espinosa-Cristóbal
- Master Program in Dental Sciences, Stomatology Department, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Autonomous University of Juarez City (UACJ), Envolvente del PRONAF and Estocolmo s/n, Ciudad Juárez 32310, Chihuahua, Mexico; (C.H.-M.); (A.D.-C.); (J.C.C.-G.)
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Chowdhury N, Wellslager B, Lee H, Gilbert JL, Yilmaz Ö. Glutamate is a key nutrient for Porphyromonas gingivalis growth and survival during intracellular autophagic life under nutritionally limited conditions. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.08.602514. [PMID: 39026746 PMCID: PMC11257440 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.08.602514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis survives in special autophagic vacuoles that serve as major replicative habitats in human primary gingival epithelial cells (GECs). As an asaccharolytic strict anaerobe, P. gingivalis is dependent on amino acids and peptides for nutrient sources. However, it is largely unknown as to P. gingivalis' metabolic processing under the nutritionally limited intracellular environments such the vacuoles, especially the preferred amino acids and associated-metabolic machineries. Here we elucidate that a Glutamate (Glu) catabolic enzyme, glutamate dehydrogenase (GdhA) is highly enriched in the isolated P. gingivalis -containing vacuoles. Interestingly, we found that P. gingivalis induces conversion of intracellular glutamine pool to Glu determined by analyses of the P. gingivalis- containing vacuoles and the whole infected-GECs. Critically, exogenous Glu-Glu dipeptide, a simple precursor of Glu, significantly increases the size of isolated intact P. gingivalis containing-vacuoles and live wild-type P. gingivalis numbers in GECs. In contrast, the isogenic GdhA-deficient-strain, Δ gdhA displayed a significant growth defect with collapsed-vacuoles in GECs. Next, we confirmed that P. gingivalis uptakes 14 C-Glu and it preferentially utilizes Glu-Glu-dipeptide using a nutritionally reduced Tryptic-Soy-Broth (TSB) media supplemented with Glu-Glu. Contrary, Δ gdhA -strain showed no detectable growth especially in nutritionally reduced TSB media with Glu-Glu. Using Atomic-Force-Microscopy, we observed that, wild-type P. gingivalis but not Δ gdhA strain notably increased the cell volume upon Glu-Glu supplementation, an indicator of higher metabolism and growth. Utilization of a human gingiva-mimicking organoid-system further validated the importance of Glu as an essential nutrient for the intramucosal colonization of P. gingivalis via the protected replicative vacuoles in GECs. Importance This study reveals that P. gingivalis heavily depends on preferential utilization of Glutamate (Glu) for autophagic vacuolar growth and survival in human GECs. Several novel observations are made to support this: (i) GdhA of P. gingivalis is highly enriched in these vacuoles, (ii) P. gingivalis induces a large conversion of intracellular glutamine to Glu, (iii) size of vacuoles are significantly increased in the presence of Glu-Glu in P. gingivalis wild-type strain infection which is opposite in a Δ gdhA strain, (iv) P. gingivalis uptakes 14 C-Glu and preferentially utilizes Glu-Glu dipeptide, (v) similarly, wild-type strain shows growth increase in a nutritionally reduced bacterial culture media, and (vi) finally, Glu-Glu supplementation increases bacterial cell-volume of P. gingivalis wild-type but not Δ gdhA strain, an indicator of higher metabolism and growth. Taken together, this study highlights the pathophysiological importance of Glu for P. gingivalis growth-rate, biomass induction and survival in nutritionally limited host subcellular environments.
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3
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Hernández-Venegas PA, Martínez-Martínez RE, Zaragoza-Contreras EA, Domínguez-Pérez RA, Reyes-López SY, Donohue-Cornejo A, Cuevas-González JC, Molina-Frechero N, Espinosa-Cristóbal LF. Bactericidal Activity of Silver Nanoparticles on Oral Biofilms Related to Patients with and without Periodontal Disease. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:311. [PMID: 37367275 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14060311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Periodontal disease (PD) is a multifactorial oral disease regularly caused by bacterial biofilms. Silver nanoparticles (AgNP) have offered good antimicrobial activity; moreover, there is no available scientific information related to their antimicrobial effects in biofilms from patients with PD. This study reports the bactericidal activity of AgNP against oral biofilms related to PD. MATERIALS AND METHODS AgNP of two average particle sizes were prepared and characterized. Sixty biofilms were collected from patients with (30 subjects) and without PD (30 subjects). Minimal inhibitory concentrations of AgNP were calculated and the distribution of bacterial species was defined by polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Well-dispersed sizes of AgNP were obtained (5.4 ± 1.3 and 17.5 ± 3.4 nm) with an adequate electrical stability (-38.2 ± 5.8 and -32.6 ± 5.4 mV, respectively). AgNP showed antimicrobial activities for all oral samples; however, the smaller AgNP had significantly the most increased bactericidal effects (71.7 ± 39.1 µg/mL). The most resistant bacteria were found in biofilms from PD subjects (p < 0.05). P. gingivalis, T. denticola, and T. forsythia were present in all PD biofilms (100%). CONCLUSIONS The AgNP showed efficient bactericidal properties as an alternative therapy for the control or progression of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perla Alejandra Hernández-Venegas
- Chemical Biological Department, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Autonomous University of Juarez City (UACJ), Envolvente del PRONAF and Estocolmo s/n, Ciudad Juárez 32310, Chihuahua, Mexico
| | - Rita Elizabeth Martínez-Martínez
- Master Program in Advanced Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosi, Manuel Nava Avenue, Universitary Campus, San Luis Potosí 78290, San Luis Potosi, Mexico
| | - Erasto Armando Zaragoza-Contreras
- Department of Engineering and Materials Chemistry, Centro de Investigación en Materiales Avanzados, S. C., Miguel de Cervantes No. 120, Chihuahua 31109, Chihuahua, Mexico
| | - Rubén Abraham Domínguez-Pérez
- Laboratory of Multidisciplinary Dental Research, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Queretaro, Clavel Street, Prados de La Capilla, Santiago de Querétaro 76176, Queretaro, Mexico
| | - Simón Yobanny Reyes-López
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Autonomous University of Juarez City (UACJ), Envolvente del PRONAF and Estocolmo s/n, Ciudad Juárez 32310, Chihuahua, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Donohue-Cornejo
- Master Program in Dental Sciences, Stomatology Department, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Autonomous University of Juarez City (UACJ), Envolvente del PRONAF and Estocolmo s/n, Ciudad Juárez 32310, Chihuahua, Mexico
| | - Juan Carlos Cuevas-González
- Master Program in Dental Sciences, Stomatology Department, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Autonomous University of Juarez City (UACJ), Envolvente del PRONAF and Estocolmo s/n, Ciudad Juárez 32310, Chihuahua, Mexico
| | - Nelly Molina-Frechero
- Division of Biological and Health Sciences, Autonomous Metropolitan University Xochimilco (UAM), Mexico City 04960, Mexico
| | - León Francisco Espinosa-Cristóbal
- Master Program in Dental Sciences, Stomatology Department, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Autonomous University of Juarez City (UACJ), Envolvente del PRONAF and Estocolmo s/n, Ciudad Juárez 32310, Chihuahua, Mexico
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Janket SJ, Lee C, Surakka M, Jangam TG, Van Dyke TE, Baird AE, Meurman JH. Oral hygiene, mouthwash usage and cardiovascular mortality during 18.8 years of follow-up. Br Dent J 2023:10.1038/s41415-023-5507-4. [PMID: 36737459 PMCID: PMC9897600 DOI: 10.1038/s41415-023-5507-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Aim(s) We tested the following hypotheses: would better oral hygiene self-care (OHS) influence cardiovascular (CVD) mortality? Will using mouthwash in addition to OHS affect CVD mortality? How does mouthwash usage impact the oral microbes?Design and methods Among 354 dentate subjects from the Kuopio Oral Health and Heart study, the association of OHS with CVD mortality was assessed using Cox regression analyses, adjusting for age, sex, smoking, dyslipidemia, diabetes, hypertension and education. Additionally, whether using mouthwash would affect this relationship was evaluated.Results In the multivariable-adjusted models, OHS was associated with a 51% reduction in the risk of CVD mortality (hazard ratio [HR] 0.49 [0.28-0.85]; p = 0.01). Even those who had coronary artery disease at baseline showed a marginally significant benefit (0.50 [0.24-1.06]; p = 0.07). However, mouthwash usage did not change OHS effects (HR = 0.49 [0.27-0.87]; p = 0.01), indicating no additional benefits nor detriments. All tested microbes trended to decrease with mouthwash usage in the short term, but none were statistically significant.Conclusion Good OHS significantly lowered the risk of CVD mortality relative to poor OHS. Mouthwash usage did not show any long-term harm or benefit on CVD mortality beyond the benefits rendered by brushing and flossing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sok-Ja Janket
- The Forsyth Institute, Centre for Clinical and Translational Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
| | - Caitlyn Lee
- Boston University Externship, Wheeler High School, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Markku Surakka
- Department of Maxillofacial Diseases, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | | | - Thomas E Van Dyke
- The Forsyth Institute, Centre for Clinical and Translational Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alison E Baird
- Department of Neurology, SUNY Downstate Medical Centre, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | - Jukka H Meurman
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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5
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Lee JS, Chowdhury N, Roberts JS, Yilmaz Ö. Host surface ectonucleotidase-CD73 and the opportunistic pathogen, Porphyromonas gingivalis, cross-modulation underlies a new homeostatic mechanism for chronic bacterial survival in human epithelial cells. Virulence 2021; 11:414-429. [PMID: 32419582 PMCID: PMC7239027 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2020.1763061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell surface nucleotide-metabolizing enzyme, ectonucleotidase-CD73, has emerged as a central component of the cellular homeostatic-machinery that counterbalances the danger-molecule (extracellular-ATP)-driven proinflammatory response in immune cells. While the importance of CD73 in microbial host fitness and symbiosis is gradually being unraveled, there remains a significant gap in knowledge of CD73 and its putative role in epithelial cells. Here, we depict a novel host-pathogen adaptation mechanism where CD73 takes a center role in the intracellular persistence of Porphyromonas gingivalis, a major colonizer of oral mucosa, using human primary gingival epithelial cell (GEC) system. Temporal analyses revealed, upon invasion into the GECs, P. gingivalis can significantly elevate the host-surface CD73 activity and expression. The enhanced and active CD73 significantly increases P. gingivalis intracellular growth in the presence of substrate-AMP and simultaneously acts as a negative regulator of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation upon eATP treatment. The inhibition of CD73 by siRNA or by a specific inhibitor markedly increases ROS production. Moreover, CD73 and P. gingivalis cross-signaling significantly modulates pro-inflammatory interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the GECs. Conversely, exogenous treatment of the infected GECs with IL-6 suppresses the intracellular bacteria via amplified ROS generation. However, the decreased bacterial levels can be restored by overexpressing functionally active CD73. Together, these findings illuminate how the local extracellular-purine-metabolism, in which CD73 serves as a core molecular switch, can alter intracellular microbial colonization resistance. Further, host-adaptive pathogens such as P. gingivalis can target host ectonucleotidases to disarm specific innate defenses for successful intracellular persistence in mucosal epithelia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaden S Lee
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Nityananda Chowdhury
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - JoAnn S Roberts
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Özlem Yilmaz
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
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6
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Rodrigues RS, Silveira VR, Rego RO. Analysis of Porphyromonas gingivalis fimA genotypes in severe periodontitis patients. Braz Oral Res 2020; 34:e090. [PMID: 32785476 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2020.vol34.0090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to i) evaluate the prevalence of P. gingivalis and the genotypes fim A I, Ib, II, III, IV, and V in Brazilian patients with periodontitis stage III and IV, grades B and C, ii) compare periodontitis grades B and C with regard to the prevalence of P. gingivalis and fim A genotypes, and iii) correlate the presence of these pathogens with clinical periodontal variables. Two samples of subgingival biofilm were collected from the interproximal sites with the greatest clinical attachment loss (CAL) of each patient (grade B = 38; grade C = 54) and submitted to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the identification of P. gingivalis and fim A genotypes. The collected periodontal clinical parameters included gingival index, plaque index, probing depth (PD), bleeding on probing (BoP) and CAL. P. gingivalis was present in 61.96% of the samples, but more prevalent in patients with grade C periodontitis (p = 0.048) and higher CAL (p < 0.001), PD (p < 0.001), and BoP (p = 0.01) values, and at sites with high CAL values (p = 0.01). The fim A II genotype was more prevalent in patients with greater mean PD (p = 0.04) and a higher proportion of bleeding sites (p = 0.006). Thus, in this sample of Brazilian periodontitis patients, the presence of P. gingivalis was associated with grade C periodontitis and periodontal destruction, while the fim A II genotype was associated with increased PD and BoP, supporting the notion that P. gingivalis fim A II is an important virulence factor in periodontal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richelle Soares Rodrigues
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, School of Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Virgínia Régia Silveira
- Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry at Sobral, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Sobral, CE, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Otavio Rego
- Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry at Sobral, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Sobral, CE, Brazil
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7
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Evaluation of combined efficacy of photodynamic therapy using indocyanine green photosensitizer and non-surgical periodontal therapy on clinical and microbial parameters in the management of chronic periodontitis subjects: A randomized split-mouth design. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2020; 31:101949. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.101949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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8
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Almeida-da-Silva CLC, Alpagot T, Zhu Y, Lee SS, Roberts BP, Hung SC, Tang N, Ojcius DM. Chlamydia pneumoniae is present in the dental plaque of periodontitis patients and stimulates an inflammatory response in gingival epithelial cells. MICROBIAL CELL 2019; 6:197-208. [PMID: 30956972 PMCID: PMC6444558 DOI: 10.15698/mic2019.04.674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Chlamydia pneumoniae is an airborne, Gram-negative, obligate intracellular bacterium which causes human respiratory infections and has been associated with atherosclerosis. Because individuals with periodontitis are at greater risk for atherosclerosis as well as respiratory infections, we in-vestigated the role of C. pneumoniae in inflammation and periodontal dis-ease. We found that C. pneumoniae was more frequently found in subgingival dental plaque obtained from periodontally diseased sites of the mouth versus healthy sites. The known periodontal pathogens, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, were also found in the plaque. In addition, C. pneumoniae could efficiently invade human gingival epithelial cells (GECs) in vitro, causing translocation of NF-κB to the nucleus along with increased secretion of mature IL-1β cytokine. Supernatants collected from C. pneumoniae-infected GECs showed increased activation of caspase-1 protein, which was significantly reduced when nlrp3 gene expression was silenced using shRNA lentiviral vectors. Our results demonstrate that C. pneumoniae was found in higher levels in periodontitis patients compared to control pa-tients. Additionally, C. pneumoniae could infect GECs, leading to inflammation caused by activation of NF-κB and the NLRP3 inflammasome. We propose that the presence of C. pneumoniae in subgingival dental plaque may contribute to periodontal disease and could be used as a potential risk indicator of perio-dontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tamer Alpagot
- Department of Periodontics, Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry, University of the Pacific, San Francisco, CA 94103, USA
| | - Ye Zhu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry, University of the Pacific, San Francisco, CA 94103, USA
| | - Sonho Sierra Lee
- College of Letters and Science, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.,Program of Doctor of Dental Surgery, Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry, University of the Pacific, San Francisco, CA 94103, USA
| | - Brian P Roberts
- College of Letters and Science, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Shu-Chen Hung
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry, University of the Pacific, San Francisco, CA 94103, USA
| | - Norina Tang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry, University of the Pacific, San Francisco, CA 94103, USA.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry, University of the Pacific, San Francisco, CA 94103, USA
| | - David M Ojcius
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry, University of the Pacific, San Francisco, CA 94103, USA
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Rajakaruna GA, Negi M, Uchida K, Sekine M, Furukawa A, Ito T, Kobayashi D, Suzuki Y, Akashi T, Umeda M, Meinzer W, Izumi Y, Eishi Y. Localization and density of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Tannerella forsythia in gingival and subgingival granulation tissues affected by chronic or aggressive periodontitis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9507. [PMID: 29934515 PMCID: PMC6014976 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27766-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis and Tannerella forsythia have been thought to be associated with periodontitis; however comprehensive histopathological localization of bacteria in affected human periodontal tissues is not well documented. In the present study, we examined formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded gingival and subgingival granulation tissues from 71 patients with chronic periodontitis and 11 patients with aggressive periodontitis, using immunohistochemistry with novel monoclonal antibodies specific to P. gingivalis or T. forsythia, together with quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction for each bacterial DNA. Immunohistochemisty revealed both bacterial species extracellularly, as aggregates or within bacterial plaque, and intracellularly in stromal inflammatory cells, squamous epithelium, and capillary endothelium of granulation tissue. Combined analysis with the results from polymerase chain reaction suggested that localization and density of T. forsythia is closely associated with those of P. gingivalis, and that bacterial density is a factor responsible for the cell-invasiveness and tissue-invasiveness of these periodontal bacteria. Detection of these bacteria in the capillary endothelium in some samples suggested possible bacterial translocation into the systemic circulation from inflamed gingival and subgingival granulation tissues. Immunohistochemistry with the novel antibodies showed high specificity and sensitivity, and can be used to locate these periodontal bacteria in routinely-used formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded human tissue sections from systemic locations.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Amodini Rajakaruna
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School and Faculty of Dentistry, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan.,Global Center of Excellence for Tooth and Bone Research, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan.,Research Fellow, International Scientific Exchange Fund Program, Japan Dental Association, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mariko Negi
- Department of Human Pathology, Graduate School and Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Keisuke Uchida
- Division of Surgical Pathology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Masaki Sekine
- Division of Surgical Pathology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Asuka Furukawa
- Department of Human Pathology, Graduate School and Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Takashi Ito
- Department of Human Pathology, Graduate School and Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kobayashi
- Department of Human Pathology, Graduate School and Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Suzuki
- Department of Human Pathology, Graduate School and Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Takumi Akashi
- Division of Surgical Pathology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Makoto Umeda
- Department of Periodontology, Osaka Dental University, Osaka, 540-0008, Japan
| | - Walter Meinzer
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School and Faculty of Dentistry, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Yuichi Izumi
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School and Faculty of Dentistry, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan.,Global Center of Excellence for Tooth and Bone Research, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Eishi
- Department of Human Pathology, Graduate School and Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan. .,Division of Surgical Pathology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan.
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10
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Choi YH, Kosaka T, Ojima M, Sekine S, Kokubo Y, Watanabe M, Miyamoto Y, Ono T, Amano A. Relationship between the burden of major periodontal bacteria and serum lipid profile in a cross-sectional Japanese study. BMC Oral Health 2018; 18:77. [PMID: 29728099 PMCID: PMC5935931 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-018-0536-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The association of periodontal bacteria with lipid profile alteration remains largely unknown, although it has been suggested that chronic periodontitis increases the atherosclerotic risk. This cross-sectional study investigated the relationship between the prevalence and total burden of periodontal bacteria and serum lipid profile. Methods Saliva from enrolled participants was collected to detect 4 major periodontal bacteria (Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, Tannerella forsythia, and Prevotella intermedia) using Polymerase Chain Reaction method. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were assessed using blood samples. We compared the averages of each lipid in association with the prevalence of each bacterial species, their burden (low, moderate, and high), and the combination of bacterial burden and periodontal status, defined as periodontitis, using the Community Periodontal Index, after adjustment for other potential confounding factors, by employing general linear models with least square means. Results A total of 385 Japanese individuals (176 men, 209 women; mean age 69.2 years) were enrolled. The number of bacterial species and their co-existence with periodontitis were significantly related to a decrease in HDL (p for trend < 0.01) and increase in TG (p for trend = 0.04). The adjusted mean HDL levels (mg/dL) in individuals with low, moderate, and high levels of bacterial species were 66.1, 63.0, and 58.9, respectively, and those in the 6 groups defined by combination of the two factors were 67.9, 64.6, 64.3, 65.4, 61.5, and 54.7, respectively. Conclusion Periodontal bacterial burden is suggested to be independently involved in lowering serum HDL level. Our findings suggest that bacterial tests in a clinical setting could be a useful approach for predicting the risk of HDL metabolism dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youn-Hee Choi
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Takayuki Kosaka
- Department of Prosthodontics, Gerontology and Oral Rehabilitation, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita-Osaka, Japan
| | - Miki Ojima
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita-Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shinichi Sekine
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita-Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kokubo
- Department of Preventive Cardiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita-Osaka, Japan
| | - Makoto Watanabe
- Department of Preventive Cardiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita-Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Miyamoto
- Department of Preventive Cardiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita-Osaka, Japan
| | - Takahiro Ono
- Department of Prosthodontics, Gerontology and Oral Rehabilitation, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita-Osaka, Japan.,Division of Comprehensive Prosthodontics, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Atsuo Amano
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita-Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
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11
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Martínez-Martínez RE, Moreno-Castillo DF, Loyola-Rodríguez JP, Sánchez-Medrano AG, Miguel-Hernández JHS, Olvera-Delgado JH, Domínguez-Pérez RA. Association between periodontitis, periodontopathogens and preterm birth: is it real? Arch Gynecol Obstet 2015; 294:47-54. [PMID: 26576767 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-015-3945-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To identify the association between periodontitis and periodontal pathogens with preterm birth despite the strict control of some important confounders, such as infectious processes and criteria for diagnosis of periodontitis during pregnancy. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this cross-sectional study were included 70 healthy puerperal women between 20 and 35 years without a history of genitourinary infections during pregnancy. Based on the gestational age they were divided into two groups: 45 with term birth (>37 weeks) and 25 with preterm birth (<37 weeks). Previous informed consent, a gynecologic and dental history that included gynecologic and obstetric background, periodontal status applying different authors' criteria of periodontitis diagnosis, presence of periodontopathogens, dental caries and oral hygiene were recorded. RESULTS There was no association between periodontitis, periodontopathogens and preterm birth. There were no statistical differences applying different authors' criteria diagnosis of periodontitis. Gingivitis status was similar, but probing depth was greater in preterm birth subjects, perhaps they are young women, and this finding could be an early sign of periodontitis. In like manner, the main periodontal bacterial species are not associated with preterm birth, general hygiene and care habits are poorer than term birth subjects. CONCLUSION We could suggest that preterm birth is a multifactorial condition and the role of periodontitis and the periodontopathogens itself is not sufficient to trigger the preterm birth. There are factors such as infectious processes and diagnostic criteria for periodontitis that could be responsible for controversial results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Elizabeth Martínez-Martínez
- Advanced General Dentistry Program, San Luis Potosi University, Dr. Manuel Nava no. 2, Zona Universitaria, San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico.
| | - Diana Francisca Moreno-Castillo
- Advanced General Dentistry Program, San Luis Potosi University, Dr. Manuel Nava no. 2, Zona Universitaria, San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico
| | - Juan Pablo Loyola-Rodríguez
- Advanced General Dentistry Program, San Luis Potosi University, Dr. Manuel Nava no. 2, Zona Universitaria, San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico
| | - Ana Gabriela Sánchez-Medrano
- Advanced General Dentistry Program, San Luis Potosi University, Dr. Manuel Nava no. 2, Zona Universitaria, San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico
| | - Jesús Héctor San Miguel-Hernández
- Division of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Central Hospital Dr. Ignacio Morones Prieto, Faculty of Medicine, San Luis Potosi University, Av. Venustiano Carranza #2395, Zona Universitaria, San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico
| | - José Honorio Olvera-Delgado
- Advanced General Dentistry Program, San Luis Potosi University, Dr. Manuel Nava no. 2, Zona Universitaria, San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico
| | - Rubén Abraham Domínguez-Pérez
- Advanced General Dentistry Program, San Luis Potosi University, Dr. Manuel Nava no. 2, Zona Universitaria, San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico
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12
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Yamanaka K, Sekine S, Uenoyama T, Wada M, Ikeuchi T, Saito M, Yamaguchi Y, Tamiya E. Quantitative Detection forPorphyromonas gingivalisin Tooth Pocket and Saliva by Portable Electrochemical DNA Sensor Linked with PCR. ELECTROANAL 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201400447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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13
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Loyola-Rodriguez JP, Garcia-Cortes JO, Martinez-Martinez RE, Patiño-Marin N, Martinez-Castañon GA, Zavala-Alonso NV, Amano A. Molecular identification and antibiotic resistant bacteria isolated from primary dentition infections. Aust Dent J 2014; 59:497-503. [PMID: 25091293 DOI: 10.1111/adj.12213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bacterial resistance to antibiotics is a health problem in many parts of the world. The aim of this study was to identify bacteria from dental infections and determine bacterial resistance to antibiotics used in dental care in the primary dentition. METHODS This cross-sectional study comprised 60 children who presented for dental treatment for active dental infections in the primary dentition. Samples from dental infections were collected and bacteria were identified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. Bacterial resistance to antibiotics was determined by colony forming units on agar plates containing amoxicillin, clindamycin and amoxillicin-clavulanic acid (A-CA) tested at 8 μg/ml or 16 μg/ml. RESULTS Clindamycin in both concentrations tested (8 μg/ml and 16 μg/ml) showed the highest bacterial resistance (85.9%), followed by amoxicillin (43.7%) and A-CA (12.0%). All comparisons among the three antibiotics used in the study exhibited statistical significance (p = <0.05) in both concentrations tested (8 μg/ml and 16 μg/ml), and under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. The most prevalent resistant species identified by PCR in primary dentition infections were: Streptococcus oralis and Prevotella intermedia (75.0%); Treponema denticola and Porphyromonas gingivalis (48.3%); Streptococcus mutans (45.0%); Campylobacter rectus; and Streptococcus salivarius (40%). CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that A-CA exhibited the lowest bacterial resistance for clinical isolates in primary dentition infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Loyola-Rodriguez
- Master's Degree in Dental Science Program with specialization in Advanced Education in General Dentistry, San Luis Potosi University, Mexico
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Kook JK, Sakamoto T, Nishi K, Kim MK, Seong JH, Son YN, Kim DK. Detection ofTannerella forsythiaand/orPrevotella intermediaMight Be Useful for Microbial Predictive Markers for the Outcome of Initial Periodontal Treatment in Koreans. Microbiol Immunol 2013; 49:9-16. [PMID: 15665448 DOI: 10.1111/j.1348-0421.2005.tb03634.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A proportion of diseased sites in periodontal disease do not respond to the initial treatment, which might be due in part to the presence of specific microbial pathogens. The aim of this study was to clarify the value of microbial screening for predicting the outcome of periodontal treatment in Koreans using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR). This study enrolled 32 adults with periodontal disease. Microbial and clinical examinations were performed at the baseline and after the initial treatment (professional toothbrushing, scaling, and root planing). Subgingival plaque samples were taken from four sites in each subject (total 128 samples). PCR was used to detect the four putative pathogenic bacteria. There was an improvement in the average of each clinical measurement after the initial treatment. However, approximately half of the sites exhibiting bleeding upon probing (BOP) at the baseline still exhibited bleeding after treatment. There was a close association between the presence of BOP and the presence of Tannerella forsythia (formerly Bacteroides forsythus) and/or Prevotella intermedia. Furthermore, the sites harboring both T. forsythia and P. intermedia at the baseline had a poorer response to treatment than the sites where these two species were not detected. Therefore, microbial screening for T. forsythia and P. intermedia might be useful for predicting the treatment outcome in Koreans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joong-Ki Kook
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Dentistry, Chosun University, Seo-Suk Dong, Dong-ku, Gwang-ju, Republic of Korea
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15
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Kato A, Imai K, Ochiai K, Ogata Y. Higher prevalence of Epstein-Barr virus DNA in deeper periodontal pockets of chronic periodontitis in Japanese patients. PLoS One 2013; 8:e71990. [PMID: 23991022 PMCID: PMC3753341 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0071990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2013] [Accepted: 07/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis, a complex chronic inflammatory disease caused by subgingival infection, is among the most prevalent microbial diseases in humans. Although traditional microbiological research on periodontitis has focused on putative bacteria such as Porphyromonas gingivalis, the herpes virus is proposed to be involved in the pathogenesis of periodontitis because bacterial etiology alone does not adequately explain various clinical aspects. In this study, we established for the first time, more Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) DNA is found deeper in periodontal pockets of chronic periodontitis in Japanese patients. Subgingival samples were collected from 85 patients with chronic periodontitis having two periodontal sites with probing depths (PD) of ≤3 mm (shallow) or ≥5 mm (deep) and were subjected to a nested polymerase chain reaction. EBV DNA was more frequently detected in patients with deeper PD sites (66%) than in those with shallow PD sites (48%) or healthy controls (45%). Coexistence of EBV DNA and P. gingivalis was significantly higher in patients with deeper PD sites (40%) than in those with shallow PD sites (14%) or healthy controls (13%). Although no difference in clinical index for periodontitis, the odds ratio of EBV DNA in patients with deeper PD sites was 2.36, which was 2.07-fold higher than that in those with shallow PD sites. Interestingly, the odds of acquiring chronic periodontitis (PD ≥5 mm) were higher in the presence of both EBV DNA and P. gingivalis compared with either EBV DNA or P. gingivalis only. In addition, we also observed that EBV-encoded small RNA (EBER) in positive cells of human gingival tissues. These results would suggest that EBV DNA may serve as a pathogenic factor leading to chronic periodontitis among Japanese patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayako Kato
- Department of Periodontology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kenichi Imai
- Department of Microbiology, Division of Immunology and Pathobiology, Dental Research Center, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail: (KI); (YO)
| | - Kuniyasu Ochiai
- Department of Microbiology, Division of Immunology and Pathobiology, Dental Research Center, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yorimasa Ogata
- Department of Periodontology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Chiba, Japan
- Research Institute of Oral Science, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Chiba, Japan
- * E-mail: (KI); (YO)
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16
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Soto-Barreras U, Olvera-Rubio JO, Loyola-Rodriguez JP, Reyes-Macias JF, Martinez-Martinez RE, Patiño-Marin N, Martinez-Castañon GA, Aradillas-Garcia C, Little JW. Peripheral arterial disease associated with caries and periodontal disease. J Periodontol 2012; 84:486-94. [PMID: 22680302 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2012.120051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is an important cardiovascular disorder of the peripheral arteries. Chronic infections, such as periodontitis, may play an important role in the etiology and pathophysiology of PAD and other cardiovascular conditions. Recently, Streptococcus mutans has been found with high frequency in atheromatous plaques. The aim of this study is to evaluate the possible clinical and microbiologic association between PAD and periodontitis and dental caries. METHODS Thirty patients with PAD and 30 control individuals were selected. PAD and its severity were established by the use of the ankle-brachial index (ABI). Clinical attachment loss (AL); probing depth; decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) index; and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were evaluated. The presence of bacterial DNA from Streptococcus mutans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Prevotella intermedia, Treponema denticola, and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans was identified by polymerase chain reaction in subgingival biofilm and serum. RESULTS Patients with ≥30% AL ≥ 4 mm had six-fold increased risk of having PAD (odds ratio = 8.18; 95% confidence interval = 1.21 to 35.23; P = 0.031). There was statistical difference in the CRP (P = 0.0413) and DMFT index (P = 0.0002), with elevated number of missing teeth (P = 0.0459) in the PAD group compared with the control group. There were no significant differences in the frequency of bacteria in serum and subgingival plaque. CONCLUSION There was a positive relationship between periodontitis based on AL and PAD determined by the ABI (odds ratio = 8.18).
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Affiliation(s)
- Uriel Soto-Barreras
- Oral Medicine Department, The Master's Degree in Dental Science Program with specialization in Advanced Education General Dentistry, San Luis Potosí University, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
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17
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Yoneda M, Naka S, Nakano K, Wada K, Endo H, Mawatari H, Imajo K, Nomura R, Hokamura K, Ono M, Murata S, Tohnai I, Sumida Y, Shima T, Kuboniwa M, Umemura K, Kamisaki Y, Amano A, Okanoue T, Ooshima T, Nakajima A. Involvement of a periodontal pathogen, Porphyromonas gingivalis on the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. BMC Gastroenterol 2012; 12:16. [PMID: 22340817 PMCID: PMC3305584 DOI: 10.1186/1471-230x-12-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2011] [Accepted: 02/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome that is closely associated with multiple factors such as obesity, hyperlipidemia and type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, other risk factors for the development of NAFLD are unclear. With the association between periodontal disease and the development of systemic diseases receiving increasing attention recently, we conducted this study to investigate the relationship between NAFLD and infection with Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis), a major causative agent of periodontitis. Methods The detection frequencies of periodontal bacteria in oral samples collected from 150 biopsy-proven NAFLD patients (102 with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and 48 with non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) patients) and 60 non-NAFLD control subjects were determined. Detection of P. gingivalis and other periodontopathic bacteria were detected by PCR assay. In addition, effect of P. gingivalis-infection on mouse NAFLD model was investigated. To clarify the exact contribution of P. gingivalis-induced periodontitis, non-surgical periodontal treatments were also undertaken for 3 months in 10 NAFLD patients with periodontitis. Results The detection frequency of P. gingivalis in NAFLD patients was significantly higher than that in the non-NAFLD control subjects (46.7% vs. 21.7%, odds ratio: 3.16). In addition, the detection frequency of P. gingivalis in NASH patients was markedly higher than that in the non-NAFLD subjects (52.0%, odds ratio: 3.91). Most of the P. gingivalis fimbria detected in the NAFLD patients was of invasive genotypes, especially type II (50.0%). Infection of type II P. gingivalis on NAFLD model of mice accelerated the NAFLD progression. The non-surgical periodontal treatments on NAFLD patients carried out for 3 months ameliorated the liver function parameters, such as the serum levels of AST and ALT. Conclusions Infection with high-virulence P. gingivalis might be an additional risk factor for the development/progression of NAFLD/NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Yoneda
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
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18
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Kato Y, Shirai M, Murakami M, Mizusawa T, Hagimoto A, Wada K, Nomura R, Nakano K, Ooshima T, Asai F. Molecular detection of human periodontal pathogens in oral swab specimens from dogs in Japan. J Vet Dent 2011; 28:84-9. [PMID: 21916371 DOI: 10.1177/089875641102800204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Periodontal diseases are known to be major diseases in humans, and are also common in dogs. The purpose of the present study was to analyze the distribution of periodontitis-related bacterial species using oral swab specimens collected from 26 pet dogs. The distribution of an animal gingival organism Porphyromonas gulae, in addition to 10 human periodontitis-related bacterial species, including Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, Tannerella forsythia, Capnocytophaga ochracea, Capnocytophaga sputigena, Prevotella intermedia, Prevotella nigrescens, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Campylobacter rectus, and Eikenella corrodens, were evaluated by polymerase chain reaction with species-specific sets of primers. Porphyromonas gulae, Tannerella forsythia and Campylobacter rectus were detected in almost all dogs analyzed, all of which should be regarded as common members of oral flora in dogs. Then, isolation and identification of the Porphyromonas species in swab specimens were performed. There were 35 strains isolated from 22 dogs, and broad-range polymerase chain reaction and sequencing methods revealed that approximately 70% of them were Porphyromonas gulae. In contrast, the frequency of Porphyromonas gingivalis was extremely low. These findings indicate the presence of specific periodontitis-related pathogens in pet dogs, especially Porphyromonas gulae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukio Kato
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Kanagawa, Japan
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19
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Kato C, Mikami M. Effect of aging on BCG immunostimulation of Porphyromonas gingivalis infection in mice. Biomed Res 2011; 32:45-54. [DOI: 10.2220/biomedres.32.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Successful application of molecular biological technique for evaluation of changes in periodontopathic bacteria in Japanese children with developmental disabilities. PEDIATRIC DENTAL JOURNAL 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s0917-2394(11)70227-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Wada K, Kamisaki Y. Molecular dissection of Porphyromonas gingivalis-related arteriosclerosis: a novel mechanism of vascular disease. Periodontol 2000 2010; 54:222-34. [PMID: 20712642 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0757.2009.00336.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Abstract
Periodontal diseases are multifactorial infections elicited by a complex of primarily gram-negative bacteria that interact with host tissues and lead to the destruction of the periodontal structures. Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus is a gram-negative bacterium that preys upon other gram-negative bacteria. It was previously shown that B. bacteriovorus has an ability to attack and remove surface-attached bacteria or biofilms. In this study, we examined the host specificity of B. bacteriovorus strain 109J and its ability to prey on oral pathogens associated with periodontitis, including; Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Eikenella corrodens, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Prevotella intermedia, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Tannerella forsythia. We further demonstrated that B. bacteriovorus 109J has an ability to remove biofilms of Ei. corrodens as well as biofilms composed of A. actinomycetemcomitans. Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus was able to remove A. actinomycetemcomitans biofilms developed on hydroxyapatite surfaces and in the presence of saliva, as well as to detach metabolically inactive biofilms. Experiments aimed at enhancing the biofilm removal aptitude of B. bacteriovorus with the aid of extracellular-polymeric-substance-degrading enzymes demonstrated that proteinase-K inhibits predation. However, treating A. actinomycetemcomitans biofilms with DspB, a poly-N-acetylglucosamine (PGA) -hydrolysing enzyme, increased biofilm removal. Increased biofilm removal was also recorded when A. actinomycetemcomitans PGA-defective mutants were used as host cells, suggesting that PGA degradation could enhance the removal of A. actinomycetemcomitans biofilm by B. bacteriovorus.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Dashiff
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
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Henderson B, Ward JM, Ready D. Aggregatibacter (Actinobacillus) actinomycetemcomitans: a triple A* periodontopathogen? Periodontol 2000 2010; 54:78-105. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0757.2009.00331.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Van Zuydam NR, Paciura D, Jacobs K, Wingfield MJ, Coetzee MPA, Wingfield BD. Barcoding and microcoding using "identiprimers" with Leptographium species. Mycologia 2010; 102:1274-87. [PMID: 20943562 DOI: 10.3852/09-291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Leptographium species provide an ideal model to test the applications of a PCR microcoding system for differentiating species of other genera of ascomycetes. Leptographium species are closely related and share similar gross morphology. Probes designed for a PhyloChip for Leptographium have been transferred and tested as primers for PCR diagnostic against Leptographium species. The primers were combined with complementary universal primers to identify known and suspected undescribed species of Leptographium. The primer set was optimized for 56 species, including the three varieties of L. wageneri, then blind-tested against 10 random DNA samples. The protocols established in this study successfully identified species from the blind test as well as eight previously undescribed isolates of Leptographium. The undescribed isolates were identified as new species of Leptographium with the aid of the microcoding PCR identification system established in this study. The primers that were positive for each undescribed isolate were used to determine close relatives of these species and some of their biological characteristics. The transfer of oligonucleotides from a micro-array platform to a PCR diagnostic was successful, and the identification system is robust for both known and unknown species of Leptographium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie R Van Zuydam
- Department of Genetics, University of Pretoria, 23 Lunnon Street, Hillcrest, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
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Su Z, Kong F, Wang S, Chen J, Yin R, Zhou C, Zhang Y, He Z, Shi Y, Xue Y, Shi X, Lu L, Shao Q, Xu H. The rag locus of Porphyromonas gingivalis might arise from Bacteroides via horizontal gene transfer. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2010; 29:429-37. [PMID: 20195672 PMCID: PMC2953623 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-010-0880-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2009] [Accepted: 01/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis is regarded as one of the risk factors of periodontitis. P. gingivalis exhibits a wide variety of genotypes. Many insertion sequences (ISs), located in their chromosomes, made P. gingivalis differentiate into virulent and avirulent strains. In this research, we investigated the prevalence of P. gingivalis in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) among periodontitis patients from Zhenjiang, China, detected the P. gingivalis rag locus distributions by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and analyzed the origin of the P. gingivalis rag locus based on evolution. There were three rag locus variants co-existing in Zhenjiang. The results showed that the rag locus may be associated with severe periodontitis. This work also firstly ascertained that the rag locus might arise, in theory, from Bacteroides sp. via horizontal gene transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Su
- Department of Immunology and Laboratory Immunology, Center of Medical Laboratory, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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Martinez-Martinez RE, Abud-Mendoza C, Patiño-Marin N, Rizo-Rodríguez JC, Little JW, Loyola-Rodríguez JP. Detection of periodontal bacterial DNA in serum and synovial fluid in refractory rheumatoid arthritis patients. J Clin Periodontol 2010; 36:1004-10. [PMID: 19929953 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-051x.2009.01496.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIM To identify periodontal bacterial DNA (PBDNA) by PCR in subgingival dental plaque (SDP), serum and synovial fluid (SF) of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with periodontal disease (PD) patients and to explore the possible PBDNA transport pathways from mouth to joints. METHODS This cross-sectional prolective study involved 19 subjects with RA and PD. Informed consent, health and dental questionnaires were obtained. SDP, SF and serum samples were obtained, and leucocytes were isolated from blood. DNA was extracted and PCR assays to detect main PD species were carried out. Cultures on agar plates and broth, from each sample, were performed. RESULTS Hundred percentage of patients showed PBDNA in SDP and SF and 83.5% in serum. Prevotella intermedia (89.4% and 73.6%) and Porphyromonas gingivalis (57.8% and 42.1%) were the species most frequently detected in SDP and SF, respectively. In SDP, 4.05 different bacterial species were found followed by 1.19 in serum and 2.26 in SF. Culture onto agar plates and broth did not show any bacterial growth, leucocytes were not positive to PBDNA by PCR. CONCLUSION This study suggests that PBDNA could have a role on the RA aetiology. The possible pathway of transport of PBDNA from mouth to joints could be via the free form of DNA.
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Zortuk M, Kesim S, Kaya E, Özbilge H, Kiliç K, Çölgeçen Ö. Bacterial adhesion of porphyromonas gingivalis on provisional fixed prosthetic materials. Dent Res J (Isfahan) 2010; 7:35-40. [PMID: 21448445 PMCID: PMC3065340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND When provisional restorations are worn for long term period, the adhesion of bacteria becomes a primary factor in the development of periodontal diseases. The aims of this study were to evaluate the surface roughness and bacterial adhesion of four different provisional fixed prosthodon-tic materials. METHODS Ten cylindrical specimens were prepared from bis-acrylic composites (PreVISION CB and Protemp 3 Garant), a light-polymerized composite (Revotek LC), and a polymethyl methacrylate-based (Dentalon) provisional fixed prosthodontic materials. Surface roughness was assessed by profilometry. The bacterial adhesion test was applied using Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) and spectro-fluorometric method. Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA and Dunnett t-tests. RESULTS All tested materials were significantly rougher than glass (P < 0.05). Revotek LC had the greatest fluorescence intensity, PreVISION and Protemp 3 Garant had moderate values and all of them had significantly more bacterial adhesion compared to glass (P < 0.05). Dentalon had the lowest fluorescence intensity among the provisional fixed prosthodontic materials. CONCLUSION The quantity of bacterial adhesion and surface roughness differed among the assessed provisional fixed prosthodontic materials. The light-polymerized provisional material Revotek LC had rougher surface and more bacterial adhesion compared with the others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Zortuk
- Assistant Professor, Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey,Correspondence to: Mustafa Zortuk,
| | - Servet Kesim
- Assistant Professor, Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Esma Kaya
- Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Hatice Özbilge
- Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Kerem Kiliç
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Özlem Çölgeçen
- Researcher Doctor, Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
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Hokamura K, Inaba H, Nakano K, Nomura R, Yoshioka H, Taniguchi K, Ooshima T, Wada K, Amano A, Umemura K. Molecular analysis of aortic intimal hyperplasia caused by Porphyromonas gingivalis infection in mice with endothelial damage. J Periodontal Res 2009; 45:337-44. [PMID: 19909399 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2009.01242.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Porphyromonas gingivalis infection is thought to be a significant etiological factor in the development of cardiovascular diseases. However, scant definitive evidence has been presented concerning the pathological molecular mechanisms of these disorders. In the present study, we performed a molecular analysis of the developmental mechanisms of aortic intimal hyperplasia induced by P. gingivalis. MATERIAL AND METHODS The effects of P. gingivalis-induced bacteremia on intimal hyperplasia were evaluated using a mouse model of aortic hyperplasia created by photochemical-induced endothelial cell injury. Alterations of gene expression profiles in injured blood vessels of the mice were extensively analyzed using DNA microarray assays to identify the key molecules involved in P. gingivalis-induced hyperplasia. In addition, human aneurismal specimens from patients with or without P. gingivalis infection were analyzed histochemically. RESULTS Intravenous administration of P. gingivalis dramatically induced intimal hyperplasia in the mouse model. Concomitantly, S100 calcium-binding protein A9 (S100A9) and embryonic isoform of myosin heavy chain (SMemb), a proliferative phenotypic marker of smooth muscle cells, were significantly overexpressed on the surfaces of smooth muscle cells present in the injured blood vessels. Similarly, increased expressions of S100A9 and SMemb proteins were observed in aneurismal specimens obtained from P. gingivalis-infected patients. CONCLUSION We found that bacteremia induced by P. gingivalis leads to intimal hyperplasia associated with overexpressions of S100A9 and SMemb. Our results strongly suggest that oral-hematogenous spreading of P. gingivalis is a causative event in the development of aortic hyperplasia in periodontitis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Hokamura
- Department of Pharmacology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
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Naka S, Yamana A, Nakano K, Okawa R, Fujita K, Kojima A, Nemoto H, Nomura R, Matsumoto M, Ooshima T. Distribution of periodontopathic bacterial species in Japanese children with developmental disabilities. BMC Oral Health 2009; 9:24. [PMID: 19772671 PMCID: PMC2758840 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6831-9-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2009] [Accepted: 09/23/2009] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recent developments in molecular biological techniques have enabled rapid detection of periodontopathic bacterial species in clinical specimens. Accumulated evidence suggests that detection of specific bacterial species enables identification of subjects at high risk for the onset of periodontitis. We investigated the distribution of 10 selected periodontopathic bacterial species in dental plaque specimens obtained from children with disabilities who were attending daycare centers. Methods A total of 187 children (136 boys, 51 girls) aged 1-6 years old and diagnosed with such disabilities as mental retardation, cerebral palsy, and autism, participated in the study. Subgingival dental plaque specimens were collected from the buccal side of the maxillary left second primary molar after a clinical examination. Bacterial DNA was extracted from the specimens and PCR analyses were carried out to detect 10 selected periodontopathic species using specific primers for each. In addition, statistical analyses were performed to analyze the correlations among clinical parameters and the detected species. Results The most frequently detected species was Capnocytophaga sputigena (28.3%), followed by Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (20.9%) and Campylobacter rectus (18.2%). Eikenella corrodens, Capnocytophaga ochracea, and Prevotella nigrescence were detected in approximately 10% of the specimens, whereas Treponema denticola, Tannerella forsythia, and Prevotella intermedia were rarely found, and Porphyromonas gingivalis was not detected in any of the subjects. The total numbers of detected species were positively correlated with the age of the subjects. There were 10 subjects with positive reactions for T. denticola and/or T. forsythia, in whom the total number of bacterial species was significantly higher as compared to the other subjects. Furthermore, subjects possessing C. rectus showed significantly greater values for periodontal pocket depth, gingival index, and total number of species. Conclusion We found that approximately one-fourth of the present subjects with disabilities who possessed at least one of T. denticola, T. forsythia, and C. rectus were at possible risk for periodontitis. Follow-up examinations as well as preventive approaches should be utilized for such individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhei Naka
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
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Santos AP, Messick JB, Biondo AW, Oliveira ST, Pedralli V, Lasta CS, Lacerda LA, Esteves VS, Hofmann-Lehmann R, Willi B, González FHD. Design, optimization, and application of a conventional PCR assay with an internal control for detection of 'Candidatus Mycoplasma turicensis' 16S rDNA in domestic cats from Brazil. Vet Clin Pathol 2009; 38:443-52. [PMID: 19548972 DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-165x.2009.00158.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND 'Candidatus Mycoplasma turicensis' (CMtc) is a hemotrophic bacterial species that can, alone or in combination, induce anemia in cats. The diagnostic test of choice for hemoplasma infections is PCR. Conventional PCR assays have been developed for the detection of Mycoplasma haemofelis (Mhf) and 'Candidatus M. haemominutum' (CMhm) but not for CMtc. Although real-time PCR assays have been reported for all of the feline hemoplasmas, the expense of necessary instrumentation precludes its use in Brazil and many other countries. OBJECTIVES The goals of this study were to develop and optimize a conventional PCR assay to diagnose CMtc using an internal control to detect false-negative results, and to evaluate the occurrence of CMtc infection in domestic cats from Brazil. METHODS Species-specific primers were designed and a PCR assay was developed for the detection of CMtc 16S rDNA in cat blood. Sensitivity was determined by serial 10-fold dilutions of plasmid and DNA extracted from blood from an experimentally infected cat. EDTA blood samples from 373 cats were collected. DNA was extracted using a silica-based protocol and tested using the PCR assay. RESULTS Primer concentration, annealing temperature, and MgCl(2) concentration were optimized in the presence and absence of the internal control. Two samples negative for the internal control were excluded. Of the remaining 371 samples (117 healthy and 254 unhealthy cats), 17 (4.6%) were positive for CMtc. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate the utility of an optimized PCR assay to detect CMtc in feline blood samples. We also report for the first time the prevalence of CMtc infection in domestic cats in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea P Santos
- Departamento de Patologia Clínica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
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Shaddox LM, Walker C. Microbial testing in periodontics: value, limitations and future directions. Periodontol 2000 2009; 50:25-38. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0757.2008.00285.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Nakano K, Nemoto H, Nomura R, Inaba H, Yoshioka H, Taniguchi K, Amano A, Ooshima T. Detection of oral bacteria in cardiovascular specimens. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 24:64-8. [PMID: 19121072 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-302x.2008.00479.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Oral bacteria, including cariogenic and periodontal pathogens, are thought to be etiological factors in the development of cardiovascular diseases. To define this relationship, we analyzed the distribution of oral bacterial species in cardiovascular specimens. METHOD Following acceptance into the study, 203 consecutive patients were analyzed, from whom 82 aortic valve specimens, 35 mitral valve specimens, and 86 aortic aneurysmal wall specimens, of which 16 contained aneurysmal thrombus tissues, were obtained. In addition, a total of 58 dental plaque specimens were collected from the same group of patients who underwent heart valve replacement or removal of aortic aneurysms. Bacterial DNA was extracted from both cardiovascular tissues and dental plaque in those cases and then species-specific polymerase chain reaction assays were used to analyze the occurrences of six oral streptococcal and six periodontal bacterial species. RESULTS Streptococcus mutans was the most frequently detected species in the cardiovascular specimens, followed by Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. As for dental plaque specimens from patients who underwent cardiovascular operations, most of the tested periodontitis-related species as well as oral streptococci were detected at high frequencies. Furthermore, the positive rate of S. mutans in cardiovascular specimens from patients whose dental plaque specimens were also positive for S. mutans was 78%, which was significantly higher than any other tested species when the same analysis was performed. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that specific oral bacterial species, such as S. mutans and A. actinomycetemcomitans, are related to bacteremia and may be etiologic factors for the development of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Nakano
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Division of Oral Infection and Disease Control, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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Bacterial profiles of oral streptococcal and periodontal bacterial species in saliva specimens from Japanese subjects. Arch Oral Biol 2009; 54:374-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2009.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2008] [Revised: 12/18/2008] [Accepted: 01/21/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Zunt SL, Burton LV, Goldblatt LI, Dobbins EE, Srinivasan M. Soluble forms of Toll-like receptor 4 are present in human saliva and modulate tumour necrosis factor-alpha secretion by macrophage-like cells. Clin Exp Immunol 2009; 156:285-93. [PMID: 19292767 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2009.03854.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In health, mucosal inflammation is prevented by tightly regulated responses via Toll-like receptors (TLR) that interact with specific microbe associated molecular patterns. Currently, 13 TLRs have been identified. Based on the specificity of ligand recognition, TLR-2 and TLR-4 can recognize most oral commensal microorganisms. Recent identification of some soluble TLRs (sTLRs) suggests additional regulatory roles for these receptors. We report here the presence of sTLR-4 polypeptides in adult human saliva. Functionally, the salivary sTLR-4 suppressed cytokine secretion by activated macrophages. The sTLR-4 levels were elevated significantly in oral lichen planus (OLP), a chronic inflammatory condition of the oral mucosa characterized by clinical persistence. In contrast, the epithelial cells in the saliva of OLP subjects expressed significantly reduced TLR-2 and TLR-4 mRNA that correlated with fewer bacteria/salivary epithelial cells. Investigating the soluble and cellular components of saliva is useful in identifying potential biomarkers for oral mucosal lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Zunt
- Department of Oral Pathology, Medicine and Radiology, School of Dentistry, Indiana University Purdue University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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35
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Macrophages Contribute to the Elimination of Porphyromonas gingivalis More Strongly Than Neutrophils in Vivo. J Oral Biosci 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1349-0079(09)80030-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Kato C, Mikami M, Natsuno T. Participation of glutathione in the elimination ofPorphyromonas gingivalis in vivo. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 23:441-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-302x.2008.00436.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Liu Y, Nikolausz M, Jin P. Abundance and diversity of sulphate-reducing bacteria within a crude oil gathering and transferring system in China. ANN MICROBIOL 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03175565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Nakano K, Miyamoto E, Tamura K, Nemoto H, Fujita K, Nomura R, Ooshima T. Distribution of 10 periodontal bacterial species in children and adolescents over a 7-year period. Oral Dis 2008; 14:658-64. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-0825.2008.01452.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Nakano K, Inaba H, Nomura R, Nemoto H, Takeuchi H, Yoshioka H, Toda K, Taniguchi K, Amano A, Ooshima T. Distribution of Porphyromonas gingivalis fimA genotypes in cardiovascular specimens from Japanese patients. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 23:170-2. [PMID: 18279186 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-302x.2007.00406.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Porphyromonas gingivalis, a major periodontal pathogen, is gaining increasing attention for its possible association with cardiovascular diseases. Its fimbriae are classified into six genotypes (types I-V and Ib) based on the diversity of the fimA genes encoding the fimbrial subunits. In this study, fimA genotypic distribution was analyzed in P. gingivalis-infected cardiovascular specimens. METHODS A total of 112 heart valves and 80 atheromatous plaque specimens were collected from patients undergoing cardiovascular surgery, as well as 56 dental plaque specimens. Bacterial DNA was extracted from each, and polymerase chain reaction analysis was carried out with a P. gingivalis-specific set of primers. P. gingivalis-positive specimens were further analyzed to discriminate the fimA genotype using polymerase chain reaction with fimA type-specific primer sets. RESULTS P. gingivalis was detected in 10.4% of the cardiovascular specimens and 50.0% of the dental plaque samples. In the latter, type II was most frequently detected (35.7%), followed by types I (28.6%) and IV (21.4%), while types IV and II were detected with considerable frequencies of 45.0% and 30.0%, respectively, in the cardiovascular specimens. In contrast, the occurrence of type I was limited (5.0%) in the cardiovascular specimens. CONCLUSION These results suggest that specific fimA genotypic clones, which are reportedly associated with periodontitis, are also frequently harbored in cardiovascular specimens, indicating the possible involvement of type II and IV clones in the initiation and progression of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Nakano
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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Zhao L, Wu YF, Meng S, Yang H, OuYang YL, Zhou XD. Prevalence of fimA genotypes of Porphyromonas gingivalis and periodontal health status in Chinese adults. J Periodontal Res 2007; 42:511-7. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2007.00975.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Leung NM, Chen R, Rudney JD. Oral bacteria in plaque and invading buccal cells of young orthodontic patients. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2007; 130:698.e11-8. [PMID: 17169727 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2006.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2006] [Revised: 04/24/2006] [Accepted: 05/10/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In this longitudinal study, patients with fixed orthodontic appliances served as models to determine whether Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Tannerella forsythia, and total streptococci increased after treatment, and whether treatment affected bacterial invasion into the adjacent buccal epithelial cells (BEC). METHODS Supragingival plaque, subgingival plaque, and BEC were collected from 27 patients before and at least 4 weeks after placement of orthodontic fixed appliances. Total sample DNA was determined, and bacteria were assayed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The BEC were also examined by confocal microscopy after fluorescent in-situ hybridization to visually detect the presence of each species bacteria in BEC. RESULTS Total DNA in supragingival and subgingival plaque increased after appliance placement (P = .005). There was also a significant increase in supragingival streptococci (P = .0002). By confocal microscopy, a trend toward fewer buccal cells recovered was found after appliance placement, and there was a significant increase in the percentage of buccal cells containing A. actinomycetemcomitans (P = .0058). CONCLUSIONS Appliance placement appeared to increase buccal cell susceptibility to A. actinomycetemcomitans invasion. This might be due to physical trauma or to leaching of metals from the appliances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy M Leung
- Division of Orthodontics, Department of Developmental and Surgical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis 55455, USA
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Saito T, Ueda O, Ouryouji K, Kawabata H, Oguchi H, Teramoto S, Miyazawa H. Detection of 6 periodontal bacteria in dental plaque samples from Japanese children. PEDIATRIC DENTAL JOURNAL 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s0917-2394(07)70107-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Nakano K, Inaba H, Nomura R, Nemoto H, Takeda M, Yoshioka H, Matsue H, Takahashi T, Taniguchi K, Amano A, Ooshima T. Detection of cariogenic Streptococcus mutans in extirpated heart valve and atheromatous plaque specimens. J Clin Microbiol 2006; 44:3313-7. [PMID: 16954266 PMCID: PMC1594668 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00377-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The involvement of oral bacteria in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases has been the focus of attention in many studies, and several periodontal pathogens have been detected in diseased cardiovascular lesions, suggesting relationships between oral microorganisms and cardiovascular diseases. However, no information is available regarding the involvement of cariogenic pathogens such as Streptococcus mutans. The presence of oral streptococcal species and periodontitis-related bacteria in 35 heart valve and 27 atheromatous plaque clinical specimens, as well as 32 dental plaque specimens from the same subjects, was analyzed using a PCR method. Furthermore, broad-range PCR with DNA sequencing analysis was employed to identify the bacterial species in those samples. Streptococcus mutans was frequently detected in the heart valve (69%) and atheromatous plaque (74%) specimens, while other bacterial species, including those related to periodontitis, were detected with much lower frequencies. The bacterial composition in cardiovascular tissues was found to be markedly distinct from that in dental plaque, with only a limited number of species, including S. mutans, in the cardiovascular regions shown to have possibly originated from the oral cavity. Semiquantitative assay results revealed that S. mutans was detected in significant quantities in the heart valve (40%) and atheromatous plaque (48%) specimens, whereas the quantities of all other tested bacterial species, including several related to periodontitis, were negligible in the cardiovascular samples. These results indicate that S. mutans is a possible causative agent of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiko Nakano
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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Tamura K, Nakano K, Hayashibara T, Nomura R, Fujita K, Shintani S, Ooshima T. Distribution of 10 periodontal bacteria in saliva samples from Japanese children and their mothers. Arch Oral Biol 2006; 51:371-7. [PMID: 16269128 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2005.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2005] [Revised: 09/20/2005] [Accepted: 09/28/2005] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We analyzed the distribution of 10 periodontal bacteria species (Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythensis, Prevotella intermedia, Prevotella nigrescens, Campylobacter rectus, Eikenella corrodens, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Capnocytophaga ochracea, Capnocytophaga sputigena, and Treponema denticola) in children, and then compared their distribution in those children and their mothers, with special attention given to three of the species known as the red complex (P. gingivalis, T. forsythensis, and T. denticola) whose presence has been shown to be associated with conditions related to periodontal diseases. METHODS One hundred thirteen pairs of children and their mothers were randomly selected from patients treated at the Pedodontic Clinic of Osaka University Dental Hospital. Saliva samples were taken at the second visit prior to receiving professional tooth brushing instruction. Genomic DNA was extracted from each saliva sample, followed by a polymerase chain reaction assay with species-specific sets of primers. RESULTS A. actinomycetemcomitans was the most frequently detected species in the mothers, followed by C. sputigena, P. gingivalis, and T. forsythensis, while C. sputigena had the highest detection rate, followed by A. actinomycetemcomitans and T. denticola in the children. The detection rate of the red complex species in children whose mothers possessed the same species was significantly higher than in those whose mothers did not possess them. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate a correlation between the presence of periodontal bacteria in children and their mothers, while the presence of red complex bacteria in children was highly associated with that in their mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyoko Tamura
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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Sawamoto Y, Sugano N, Tanaka H, Ito K. Detection of periodontopathic bacteria and an oxidative stress marker in saliva from periodontitis patients. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 20:216-20. [PMID: 15943765 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-302x.2005.00215.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We assessed the salivary levels of periodontopathic bacteria and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) in patients with periodontitis. The salivary levels of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Tannerella forsythia (formerly Bacteroides forsythus) were assessed using real-time polymerase chain reaction. The 8-OHdG levels were determined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The salivary levels of 8-OHdG, P. gingivalis, and T. forsythia in the periodontitis patients were significantly higher than those in healthy subjects. By contrast, the A. actinomycetemcomitans level in healthy subjects was higher than that in periodontitis patients. 8-OHdG was significantly correlated with P. gingivalis. Statistically significant decreases in the levels of P. gingivalis, probing depth, bleeding on probing, and 8-OHdG were observed after initial periodontal treatment. These results suggest that the 8-OHdG levels in saliva reflect the load of periodontal pathogens. 8-OHdG could be a useful biomarker for assessing periodontal status accurately, and for evaluating the efficacy of periodontal treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Sawamoto
- Department of Periodontology, Division of Advanced Dental Treatment, Dental Research Center, Tokyo, Japan
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Oyaizu K, Mineshiba F, Mineshiba J, Takaya H, Nishimura F, Tanimoto I, Arai H, Takashiba S. Periodontal Treatment in Severe Aplastic Anemia. J Periodontol 2005; 76:1211-6. [PMID: 16018767 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2005.76.7.1211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aplastic anemia (AA) is a rare hematologic disease characterized by hypo-cellular bone marrow. The clinical features include fatigue, increased bruising, and gingival bleeding caused by anemia, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia. A patient with AA is at high risk for infection because of leukopenia. The risk of systemic infection is especially high in AA patients with severe local infections, including periodontitis. Accordingly, periodontal treatment should include antibiotic prophylaxis to reduce the risk of systemic infection. However, treatment of periodontitis in the AA patient is significantly complicated by the bleeding disorder. We present a case report of the successful periodontal treatment of an AA patient with spontaneous gingival bleeding. METHODS The patient was closely monitored for platelet and neutrophil counts before every treatment. The patient's platelet count was always under 10,000/microl. Therefore, it was necessary to increase platelet counts to over 25,000/microl by transfusion, after which subgingival scaling with anesthesia was performed. When the neutrophil count was less than 2,000/microl, local minocycline chemotherapy was applied to the pockets. Periodontal infection was monitored by detection of bacterial DNA and measurement of serum immunoglobulin (Ig) G titer against periodontal bacteria. RESULTS Following the physical and chemical treatment, the gingival appearance improved dramatically and the spontaneous gingival bleeding disappeared. Moreover, the IgG titer against periodontal bacteria decreased to normal range and specific periodontal pathogens were no longer detectable in the tested pockets. CONCLUSION We believe that the treatment strategy in the present report provides new sight into treatment planning for severely medically compromised patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Oyaizu
- Department of Pathophysiology/Periodontal Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine and Dentistry, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Okayama 700-8525, Japan
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Asai Y, Yasuda K, Ohyama Y, Ogawa T. Genetic variation of a fimbrial protein from Porphyromonas gingivalis and its distribution in patients with periodontal diseases. Microbiol Res 2005; 160:257-63. [PMID: 16035237 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2004.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Pg-II fim from various strains of Porphyromonas gingivalis was classified on the basis of each nucleotide sequence, while the distribution of Pg-II fim types in 141 subgingival plaque samples was analyzed using PCR assays. Pg-II fim was divided into two types as follows: strains OMZ409, HG405, 381, ATCC 33277 and BH18/10 (type 1) and strains OMZ314 and HW24D-1 (type 2). The presence of P. gingivalis was demonstrated in 2.8% of healthy subjects and 56.1% of patients with periodontal diseases, and Pg-II fim was detected in 91.8% of the P. gingivalis-positive subjects. We also analyzed the distribution of the Pg-II fim types among Pg-II fim-positive patients, with the following results: type 1 (38.2%), type 2 (56.4%) and types 1 and 2 (5.4%). These findings strongly suggest that P. gingivalis organisms possessing Pg-II fim type 2 was principally detected in patients with periodontal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuyuki Asai
- Department of Oral Microbiology, Asahi University School of Dentistry, 1851-1 Hozumi, Mizuho, GIFU 501-0296, Japan
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Tamura K, Nakano K, Nomura R, Miyake S, Nakagawa I, Amano A, Ooshima T. Distribution ofPorphyromonas gingivalis fimAGenotypes in Japanese Children and Adolescents. J Periodontol 2005; 76:674-9. [PMID: 15898925 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2005.76.5.674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Porphyromonas gingivalis is considered to be one of the most important pathogens in periodontal disease and its fimA genes have been classified into six variants (types I through V and Ib). A majority of the P. gingivalis organisms isolated from periodontitis patients are type II, followed by type IV, while type I is prevalent in healthy adults. METHODS A total of 650 saliva samples were taken from 464 children (3 to 18 years of age), who visited Osaka University Dental Hospital. Genomic DNA was extracted from each sample and analyzed using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method with P. gingivalis-specific primers, followed by an additional PCR assay to determine the fimA genotypes for P. gingivalis- positive subjects. RESULTS Fifteen (3.23%) of the subjects were P. gingivalis-positive and none of those samples showed a positive reaction to the type II fimA-specific primers, while four, one, and two subjects were shown to be positive for the type I, Ib, and III genotypes, respectively. In addition, the type IV genotype was detected in three subjects in the older age group. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that a limited number of children harbor P. gingivalis, and that the distribution of type II and IV fimA genotypes is extremely low. Further, some adolescents were found to possess the type IV fimA genotype which has been shown to be possibly related to adult periodontitis, in contrast to types I, III, and V.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyoko Tamura
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
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Tamura K, Nakano K, Miyake S, Takada A, Ooshima T. Clinical and microbiological evaluations of acute periodontitis in areas of teeth applied with orthodontic bands. PEDIATRIC DENTAL JOURNAL 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/s0917-2394(05)70056-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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