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Recovery of Pasteurization-Resistant Vibrio parahaemolyticus from Seafoods Using a Modified, Two-Step Enrichment. Foods 2022; 11:foods11050764. [PMID: 35267397 PMCID: PMC8909376 DOI: 10.3390/foods11050764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistent Vibrio-parahaemolyticus-associated vibriosis cases, attributed, in part, to the inefficient techniques for detecting viable-but-non-culturable (VBNC) Vibrio pathogens and the ingestion of undercooked seafood, is the leading cause of bacterial seafood-borne outbreaks, hospitalizations, and deaths in the United States. The effect of extreme heat processing on Vibrio biology and its potential food safety implication has been underexplored. In the present work, environmental samples from the wet market, lagoon, and estuarine environments were analyzed for V. parahaemolyticus recovery using a modified, temperature-dependent, two-step enrichment method followed by culture-based isolation, phenotype, and genotype characterizations. The work recovered novel strains (30% of 12 isolates) of V. parahaemolyticus from prolonged-heat-processing conditions (80 °C, 20 min), as confirmed by 16S rDNA bacterial identification. Select strains, VHT1 and VHT2, were determined to be hemolysis- and urease-positive pathogens. PCR analyses of chromosomal DNA implicated the tdh-independent, tlh-associated hemolysis in these strains. Both strains exhibited significant, diverse antibiotic profiles (p < 0.05). Turbidimetric and viable count assays revealed the pasteurization-resistant V. parahaemolyticus VHT1/VHT2 (62 °C, 8 h). These findings disclose the efficiency of Vibrio extremist recovery by the modified, two-step enrichment technique and improve knowledge of Vibrio biology essential to food safety reformation.
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Kajeekul R, Insiripong S, Riwlord A, Poomchuchit S, Kerdsin A. Francisella sp., a Close Relative of Francisella orientalis, Causing Septicemia with Cholestatic Hepatitis in a Patient with Anti-Interferon-γ (IFN-γ) Autoantibodies. Trop Med Infect Dis 2022; 7:tropicalmed7020025. [PMID: 35202220 PMCID: PMC8874608 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed7020025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Francisella is an intracellular, fastidious, Gram-negative bacterium that is difficult to identify using routine microbiological methods in the laboratory. We studied the isolation of Francisella sp. (strain IDAMR664) from the blood of a patient with anti-interferon-γ (IFN-γ) autoantibodies who presented with septicemia and cholestatic hepatitis. Analysis of the strain IDAMR664 genome sequence revealed the isolate was closely related to the strain GA01-2794 that had been isolated from a human in the USA. In addition, it was clustered with F. orientalis, a fish pathogen. The isolate contained several virulence factors and had Francisella pathogenicity island pattern no. 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rattagan Kajeekul
- Department of Medicine, Maharat Nakhon Ratchasima Hospital, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand; (R.K.); (S.I.)
| | - Somchai Insiripong
- Department of Medicine, Maharat Nakhon Ratchasima Hospital, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand; (R.K.); (S.I.)
| | - Athita Riwlord
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Medical Technology, Maharat Nakhon Ratchasima Hospital, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand;
| | - Suleeporn Poomchuchit
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Public Health, Chalermphrakiat Sakon Nakhon Province Campus, Kasetsart University, Sakon Nakhon 47000, Thailand;
| | - Anusak Kerdsin
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Public Health, Chalermphrakiat Sakon Nakhon Province Campus, Kasetsart University, Sakon Nakhon 47000, Thailand;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +66-42-725-023
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3
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Puerta Suárez J, Velázquez Rivera V, Morales M, Alvarez AM, Carvajal A, Cardona Maya WD. Chronic Prostatitis: Impact of Lifestyle, Infection, and Inflammation on Semen Parameters. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2022.8230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic prostatitis is a widespread disease of the prostate affecting men’s sexual and reproductive health worldwide. Its leading causes are urogenital tract infections by microorganisms with a prostate tropism. This study aimed to evaluate semen parameters and the factors associated (lifestyle, urogenital infections, and inflammation) with the onset of chronic prostatitis symptoms. This case-control study included seventy-six donors: 30 volunteers with chronic prostatitis and 46 asymptomatic volunteers for urogenital infections as a control group. Sociodemographic, urinary symptoms, pain location, sexual and reproductive health and lifestyle-related variables were collected in a survey. Seminal quality, cytokine levels in semen and serum, and the presence of nineteen microorganisms in the urogenital tract were evaluated. Prostatitis was also associated with poor sperm morphology, more lipoperoxidation of the sperm membrane, and lower serum nitric oxide concentration. In addition, N. gonorrhoeae infection was detected more frequently in semen samples from volunteers with chronic prostatitis. Volunteers with chronic prostatitis report more frequently erectile dysfunction and premature ejaculation, anxiety, depression, and stress compared to the control group. Chronic prostate infections alter the microbiota from the genitourinary tract causing prostatitis, a disease that affects all life areas, including the familiar environment of patients. Chronic prostatitis affects seminal parameters, with a great impact on life quality and sexual and reproductive health. Despite being a relatively unexplored disease, much remains to be clarified regarding its diagnosis and treatment. Alterations in the genitourinary microbiota can favor sexually transmitted infections that produce chronic and systemic inflammation.
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Edoamodu CE, Nwodo UU. Marine sediment derived bacteria Enterobacter asburiae ES1 and Enterobacter sp. Kamsi produce laccase with high dephenolisation potentials. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2021; 52:748-761. [PMID: 34689726 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2021.1992781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Purified laccases from bacterial species isolated from marine sediment were applied to degrade Bisphenol A (BPA). The Bacterial species were isolated from marine water sediments sampled from Cove Rock and Bonza Bay beach of the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa was tested for laccase activity on varied phenolic plates. The two most promising strains, Enterobacter asburiae ES1 and Enterobacter sp. Kamsi was subjected to extracellular laccase production and were identified using molecular methods. Both extracted bacterial laccases showed an affinity for ABTS and PFC substrates and were purified to homogeneity by ammonium sulfate precipitation, anion exchange, and size exclusion chromatography. A specific laccase activity of 231.67 and 218.15 U/mg of protein and a molecular weight of 50 and 55 kDa was obtained from the purified ES1 and Kamsi laccases. Laccase activity was optimum at pH8 and 5 and at 80 °C and 60 °C for ES1 and Kamsi laccases, and they manifested 71.7% and 65.8% BPA decolorizing effects. The optimized treatment condition applied showed maximum BPA removal effects of 85% and 86% at pH7 and 6, while 78% and 79% was degraded at 70 °C and 80 °C while at 250 µL enzyme volume, BPA was actively degraded to 85%, and 75% removal effect showed by ES1 and Kamsi laccases. The molecular identification of the pure colonies using 16S rRNA showed the isolate belonged to the class of gammaproteobacterial. Their nucleotide sequence has been deposited in NCBI with the accession number MN686602 and MN686603. Conclusively, marine habitat serves as a reservoir for active bacterial laccase producers suitable for bioprocess application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiedu E Edoamodu
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa.,Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group (AEMREG), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa
| | - Uchechukwu U Nwodo
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa.,Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group (AEMREG), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa
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5
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Zandbergen LE, Halverson T, Brons JK, Wolfe AJ, de Vos MGJ. The Good and the Bad: Ecological Interaction Measurements Between the Urinary Microbiota and Uropathogens. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:659450. [PMID: 34040594 PMCID: PMC8141646 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.659450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The human body harbors numerous populations of microorganisms in various ecological niches. Some of these microbial niches, such as the human gut and the respiratory system, are well studied. One system that has been understudied is the urinary tract, primarily because it has been considered sterile in the absence of infection. Thanks to modern sequencing and enhanced culture techniques, it is now known that a urinary microbiota exists. The implication is that these species live as communities in the urinary tract, forming microbial ecosystems. However, the interactions between species in such an ecosystem remains unknown. Various studies in different parts of the human body have highlighted the ability of the pre-existing microbiota to alter the course of infection by impacting the pathogenicity of bacteria either directly or indirectly. For the urinary tract, the effect of the resident microbiota on uropathogens and the phenotypic microbial interactions is largely unknown. No studies have yet measured the response of uropathogens to the resident urinary bacteria. In this study, we investigate the interactions between uropathogens, isolated from elderly individuals suffering from UTIs, and bacteria isolated from the urinary tract of asymptomatic individuals using growth measurements in conditioned media. We observed that bacteria isolated from individuals with UTI-like symptoms and bacteria isolated from asymptomatic individuals can affect each other's growth; for example, bacteria isolated from symptomatic individuals affect the growth of bacteria isolated from asymptomatic individuals more negatively than vice versa. Additionally, we show that Gram-positive bacteria alter the growth characteristics differently compared to Gram-negative bacteria. Our results are an early step in elucidating the role of microbial interactions in urinary microbial ecosystems that harbor both uropathogens and pre-existing microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurens E. Zandbergen
- Microbial Eco-Evolutionary Medicine Group, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Thomas Halverson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stritch School of Medicine, Health Sciences Division, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, United States
| | - Jolanda K. Brons
- Microbial Eco-Evolutionary Medicine Group, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Alan J. Wolfe
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stritch School of Medicine, Health Sciences Division, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, United States
| | - Marjon G. J. de Vos
- Microbial Eco-Evolutionary Medicine Group, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
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6
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Jain S, Samal AG, Das B, Pradhan B, Sahu N, Mohapatra D, Behera PK, Satpathi PS, Mohanty AK, Satpathi S, Senapati S. Escherichia coli, a common constituent of benign prostate hyperplasia-associated microbiota induces inflammation and DNA damage in prostate epithelial cells. Prostate 2020; 80:1341-1352. [PMID: 32835423 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of microbiota in the pathophysiology of benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH), especially in creating an inflammatory milieu may not be avoided. The major objectives of this study were to investigate the microbial composition of BPH tissues, its association with inflammation and check the effect of clinically isolated bacteria on prostate epithelial cells. METHODS The study includes 36 patients with a pathological diagnosis of BPH. Following strict aseptic measures, tissues were collected after transurethral resection of prostate, multiple pieces of the resected tissues were subjected to histopathological analysis, bacterial culture and genomic DNA extraction. Microbial composition was analyzed by culture and/or next-generation sequencing methods. Annotation of operational taxonomy unit has been done with an in-house algorithm. The extent of inflammation was scored through histological evaluation of tissue sections. The effect of clinical isolates on nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activity and induction of DNA-damage in the prostate epithelial cells were evaluated. RESULTS Histopathological analysis of the BPH tissues showed the presence of inflammation in almost all the tissues with a varied level at different regions of the same tissue section and the level of overall inflammation was different from patients to patients. Microbial culture of tissue samples showed the presence of live bacteria in 55.5% (20 out of 36) of the patient tissues. Majority of the isolates were coagulase-positive Staphylococcus, E. coli and Micrococcus spp. Further, V3 16S rRNA sequencing of the DNA isolated from BPH tissues showed the presence of multiple bacteria and the most common phylum in the BPH tissues were found to be Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidetes. The E. coli, isolated from one of the tissue was able to activate NF-κB and induce DNA damage in prostate epithelial cells. Phospho-histone γH2A.X staining confirmed the presence of cells with damaged DNA lesion in BPH tissues and also correlated with the severity of inflammation. CONCLUSION Our study has shown that the BPH tissues do have a divergent microbial composition including the commonly found E. coli (phylum Proteobacteria), and these bacteria might contribute to the BPH-associated inflammation and/or tissue damage. The BPH-associated E. coli induced NF-κB signaling and DNA damage in prostate epithelial cells in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumeet Jain
- Division of Cancer Biology, Tumor Microenvironment and Animal Models Lab, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Ajit Gopal Samal
- Department of Surgery, Hitech Medical College, Rourkela, Odisha, India
| | - Biswajit Das
- Division of Cancer Biology, Tumor Microenvironment and Animal Models Lab, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Biswaranjan Pradhan
- School of Basic Sciences, S. K. Dash Center of Excellence of Biosciences and Engineering & Technology (SKBET), Indian Institute of Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Nilanjan Sahu
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Debasish Mohapatra
- Division of Cancer Biology, Tumor Microenvironment and Animal Models Lab, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | | | | | - Akshaya K Mohanty
- Infectious Disease Biology Unit, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Sanghamitra Satpathi
- Department of Pathology, Ispat General Hospital, Rourkela, Odisha, India
- Department of Pathology, Hitech Medical College and Hospital, Rourkela, Odisha, India
| | - Shantibhusan Senapati
- Division of Cancer Biology, Tumor Microenvironment and Animal Models Lab, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
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7
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Wu Y, Hao F, Lv X, Chen B, Yang Y, Zeng X, Yang F, Wang H, Wang L. Diversity of lactic acid bacteria in Moutai-flavor liquor fermentation process. FOOD BIOTECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/08905436.2020.1789475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yaoling Wu
- Kweichow Moutai Distillery Co Ltd, Guizhou, China
| | - Fei Hao
- Kweichow Moutai Distillery Co Ltd, Guizhou, China
| | - Xibin Lv
- Kweichow Moutai Distillery Co Ltd, Guizhou, China
| | - Bi Chen
- Kweichow Moutai Distillery Co Ltd, Guizhou, China
| | - Yubo Yang
- Kweichow Moutai Distillery Co Ltd, Guizhou, China
| | | | - Fan Yang
- Kweichow Moutai Distillery Co Ltd, Guizhou, China
| | - Heyu Wang
- Kweichow Moutai Distillery Co Ltd, Guizhou, China
| | - Li Wang
- Kweichow Moutai Distillery Co Ltd, Guizhou, China
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8
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Choi JB, Lee SJ, Kang SR, Lee SS, Choe HS. Analysis of bacterial community using pyrosequencing in semen from patients with chronic pelvic pain syndrome: a pilot study. Transl Androl Urol 2020; 9:398-404. [PMID: 32420145 PMCID: PMC7215052 DOI: 10.21037/tau.2020.02.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although empirical antibacterial treatments are currently recommended for inflammatory chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS), physicians cannot verify infections in most cases. Therefore, in this study, the microbiota of semen was investigated via pyrosequencing to obtain evidence underlying infectious disease. Methods Patients diagnosed with CP/CPPS (n=17) and healthy volunteers (n=4) participated in the study. Whole DNA was purified from the participants' semen. The DNA was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using universal bacterial primers. All semen samples were also cultured using conventional methods. Pyrosequencing analysis of the PCR-amplified DNA was performed. Results None of the semen samples showed colony formation in conventional bacterial cultures. However, pyrosequencing revealed multiple bacterial genera in all samples, including an abundance of fastidious bacteria. Corynebacterium, Pseudomonas, Sphingomonas, Staphylococcus, and Streptococcus were frequently detected nonspecifically in both the patient and control groups. However, Achromobacter, Stenotrophomonas, and Brevibacillus were more frequently found in the CP/CPPS patients. Conclusions The identification of various dominant species in the CP/CPPS group other than those reported in previous studies might be helpful for future etiological analysis of CP/CPPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Bong Choi
- Department of Urology, Bucheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung-Ju Lee
- Department of Urology, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang-Rim Kang
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Kyonggi University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Sang-Seob Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Kyonggi University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Hyun-Sop Choe
- Department of Urology, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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Ruiz-Pino M, Foronda-García-Hidalgo C, Alarcón-Blanco P, Gutiérrez-Fernández J. Male genitourinary infections by Corynebacterium glucuronolyticum. A review and clinical experience. REVISTA ESPANOLA DE QUIMIOTERAPIA : PUBLICACION OFICIAL DE LA SOCIEDAD ESPANOLA DE QUIMIOTERAPIA 2019; 32:479-484. [PMID: 31515978 PMCID: PMC6790891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - J Gutiérrez-Fernández
- José Gutiérrez-Fernández. Servicio de Microbiología. Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves. Avenida de las Fuerzas Armadas, 2. E-18012 Granada, Spain.
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10
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Ong SA, Wu JC. A simple method for rapid screening of biosurfactant-producing strains using bromothymol blue alone. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2018.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Salinas AM, Osorio VG, Endara PF, Salazar ER, Vasco GP, Vivero SG, Machado A. Bacterial identification of the vaginal microbiota in Ecuadorian pregnant teenagers: an exploratory analysis. PeerJ 2018; 6:e4317. [PMID: 29492333 PMCID: PMC5826987 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a microbial imbalance (i.e., dysbiosis) that can produce serious medical effects in women at childbearing age. Little is known, however, about the incidence of BV or vaginal microbiota dysbiosis in pregnant teenagers in low and middle-income countries such as Ecuador. The scope of this exploratory analysis was to study the relationship between epidemiologic and microbial risk factors. Among the microbiology risk factors this study investigated five Lactobacillus species, two of them know in preview studies as microbiology risk factors for BV development (Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus iners), and the last three known for being associated with a healthy vaginal tract (Lactobacillus crispatus, Lactobacillus gasseri and Lactobacillus jensenii). In addition, fastidious anaerobes known to be microbial risk factors for BV development in pregnant teenagers were searched as well, more exactly, Gardnerella vaginalis, Atopobium vaginae and Mobiluncus mulieris. Methods Ninety-five healthy adolescent pregnant women, visiting a secondary level hospital in Quito, Ecuador, were enrolled into the study in 2015. The enrolled patients were between 10 to 13 weeks of pregnancy. Four epidemiological risk factors were collected in a survey: age, civil status, sexual partners and condom use. Also, vaginal pH was measured as a health risk factor. DNA was extracted from endocervical and exocervical epithelia from all the patients’ samples. PCR analysis was performed in order to characterize the presence of the eight bacterial species known as risk factors for BV development, targeting three anaerobes and five Lactobacillus species. Univariate and multivariate analysis were performed to identify associated factors for the presence of anaerobic species using logistic regression. Results The 95 vaginal microflora samples of these teenagers were analyzed. Two of the bacterial species known to cause BV: A. vaginae (100%) and G. vaginalis (93.7%) were found in high prevalence. Moreover, the most predominant bacterial Lactobacillus species found in the pregnant teenagers’ vaginal tract were L. crispatus (92.6%), L. iners (89.5%) and L. acidophilus (87.4%). In addition, the average vaginal pH measured in the study population was 5.2, and high pH was associated with the presence of the three-anaerobic species (p = 0.001). Finally, L. jensenii’s presence in the study decreased in 72% the occupation of the three anaerobes. Discussion This work identified a high pH as a risk factor for BV anaerobes’ presence in adolescent pregnant women. Moreover, this study identified L. crispatus, L. iners and L. acidophilus to be the most abundant species in our study population. From all fastidious anaerobes analyzed in this study, A. vaginae was present in all pregnant teenagers. To conclude, L. jensenii could be a potential healthy vaginal microbiota candidate in pregnant teenagers and should be further analyzed in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana María Salinas
- Instituto de Microbiología, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Verónica Gabriela Osorio
- Instituto de Microbiología, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Pablo Francisco Endara
- Instituto de Microbiología, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador.,Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador
| | | | - Gabriela Piedad Vasco
- Instituto de Microbiología, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador.,Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | | | - Antonio Machado
- Instituto de Microbiología, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador
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12
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Ma D, Shanks RMQ, Davis CM, Craft DW, Wood TK, Hamlin BR, Urish KL. Viable bacteria persist on antibiotic spacers following two-stage revision for periprosthetic joint infection. J Orthop Res 2018; 36:452-458. [PMID: 28543707 PMCID: PMC5694702 DOI: 10.1002/jor.23611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Treatment in periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) remains challenging. The failure rate of two-stage revision and irrigation and debridement with component retention in PJI suggests that biofilm cells have a high tolerance to antibiotic chemotherapy. Previous work has demonstrated that biofilm cells have high antibiotic tolerance in vitro, but there is little clinical evidence to support these observations. The aim of this study was to determine if retrieved antibiotic spacers from two-stage revision total knee arthroplasty for PJI have evidence of remaining viable bacteria. Antibiotic poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) spacers from two-stage revision total knee arthroplasty for PJI were prospectively collected and analyzed for bacterial 16s rRNA using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), reverse transcription (RT)-PCR, quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR), and single genome analysis (SGA). PCR and RT-PCR identified bacterial species on 53.8% (7/13) of these samples. When initial culture negative cases are excluded, 68% (6/9) samples were identified with bacterial species. A more rigorous qRT-PCR analysis showed a strong positive signal for bacterial contamination in 30.7% (4/13) of cases. These patients did not show any clinical evidence of PJI recurrence after 15 months of follow-up. Because the half-life of bacterial rRNA is approximately a few days, the identification of bacteria rRNA on antibiotic PMMA spacers suggests that viable bacteria were present after conclusion of antibiotic therapy. This study provides evidence for the high tolerance of biofilm cells to antibiotics in vivo and the important role of bacterial persisters in PJI. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:452-458, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongzhu Ma
- Arthritis and Arthroplasty Design Group, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219
| | | | - Charles M. Davis
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Pennsylvania State University, PA
| | - David W. Craft
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, PA
| | - Thomas K. Wood
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
| | - Brian R Hamlin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Kenneth L. Urish
- The Bone and Joint Center, Magee Womens Hospital of the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Bioengineering, and Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Pittsburgh; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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13
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Meštrović T, Bedenić B, Wilson J, Ljubin-Sternak S, Sviben M, Neuberg M, Ribić R, Kozina G, Profozić Z. The impact of Corynebacterium glucuronolyticum on semen parameters: a prospective pre-post-treatment study. Andrology 2017; 6:223-229. [PMID: 29216684 DOI: 10.1111/andr.12453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 10/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Corynebacterium glucuronolyticum (C. glucuronolyticum) is a rare isolate that is only recently being acknowledged as a potential urogenital pathogen. The bibliographical references on this bacterial species are scarce, and its influence on all semen parameters was hitherto unknown - therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate its effects on a range of sperm quality parameters. A prospective approach to compare semen parameters before and after treatment was used in this study. C. glucuronolyticum in semen specimens was identified using analytical profile index biotyping system (API Coryne) and additionally confirmed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass-spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), with the determination of antimicrobial susceptibility by Kirby-Bauer method. Semen analysis was performed according to the criteria from the World Health Organization (with the use of Tygerberg method of sperm morphology categorization). Very strict inclusion criteria for participants also included detailed medical history and urological evaluation. From a total of 2169 screened semen specimens, the inclusion rate for participants with C. glucuronolyticum that satisfied all the criteria was 1.01%. Antibiogram-guided treatment of the infection with ensuing microbiological clearance has shown that the resolution of the infection correlates with statistically significant improvement in the vitality of spermatozoa, but also with a lower number of neck and mid-piece defects. Parameters such as sperm count, motility and normal morphology were not affected. In addition, susceptibility testing revealed a trend towards ciprofloxacin resistance, which is something that should be considered when selecting an optimal treatment approach. Albeit it is rarely encountered as a monoisolate in significant quantities, C. glucuronolyticum may negatively influence certain sperm parameters; therefore, it has to be taken into account in the microbiological analysis of urogenital samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Meštrović
- Clinical Microbiology and Parasitology Unit, Polyclinic 'Dr. Zora Profozić', Zagreb, Croatia.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University Centre Varaždin, University North, Varaždin, Croatia
| | - B Bedenić
- Medical Microbiology Department, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.,Department of Clinical and Molecular Microbiology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - J Wilson
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - S Ljubin-Sternak
- Medical Microbiology Department, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.,Clinical Microbiology Department, Teaching Institute of Public Health 'Dr Andrija Štampar', Zagreb, Croatia
| | - M Sviben
- Medical Microbiology Department, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.,Microbiology Service, Croatian National Institute of Public Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - M Neuberg
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University Centre Varaždin, University North, Varaždin, Croatia
| | - R Ribić
- Research and Development Sector, TESLA d.o.o., Ivanec, Croatia
| | - G Kozina
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University Centre Varaždin, University North, Varaždin, Croatia
| | - Z Profozić
- Clinical Microbiology and Parasitology Unit, Polyclinic 'Dr. Zora Profozić', Zagreb, Croatia
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14
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The persistence and performance of phosphate-solubilizing Gluconacetobacter liquefaciens qzr14 in a cucumber soil. 3 Biotech 2017; 7:294. [PMID: 28868221 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-017-0926-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The persistence and performance of plant growth-promoting microorganisms (PGPMs) in soil are considered critical features for effectiveness, yet they are poorly understood. Here, we investigated the colonization and activity of a new PGPM, phosphate-solubilizing Gluconacetobacter liquefaciens qzr14, in a pot culture experiment using cucumber as test crop for 20 days. The number of G. liquefaciens and bacterial diversity in the rhizosphere and bulk soil were monitored by real-time PCR and DGGE, respectively. Soil phosphorus and cucumber biomass were also examined. G. liquefaciens qzr14 effectively colonized the rhizosphere soil (bacterial density ranging from 2.70 × 108 to 1.18 × 109 copies per gram dry soil). G. liquefaciens qzr14 inoculation had significantly positive effects on bacterial diversity (BD) of the rhizosphere and bulk soil and the ratio of soluble phosphorus to total phosphorus (SP/TP). The number of G. liquefaciens in the rhizosphere soil was significantly related to SP/TP and the BD of the rhizosphere and bulk soil. BD in rhizosphere soil was significantly related to SP/TP and BD in bulk soil. Based on the results of correlation analysis, we inferred that the introduced G. liquefaciens qzr14 effectively colonized the rhizosphere of cucumber, and then expanded its bacterial community by solubilizing soil phosphorus. The expanded bacterial communities might promote cucumber growth by some new functions.
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15
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Nickel JC. Is chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome an infectious disease of the prostate? Investig Clin Urol 2017; 58:149-151. [PMID: 28480339 PMCID: PMC5419111 DOI: 10.4111/icu.2017.58.3.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J Curtis Nickel
- Department of Urology, Queen's University, Kingston General Hospital, Kingston, ON, Canada.,Canada Research Chair in Urologic Pain and Inflammation, School of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
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16
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Manaka A, Tokue Y, Murakami M. Comparison of 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequence analysis and conventional culture in the environmental survey of a hospital. J Pharm Health Care Sci 2017; 3:8. [PMID: 28116119 PMCID: PMC5247807 DOI: 10.1186/s40780-017-0074-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Nosocomial infection is one of the most common complications within health care facilities. Certain studies have reported outbreaks resulting from contaminated hospital environments. Although the identification of bacteria in the environment can readily be achieved using culturing methods, these methods detect live bacteria. Sequencing of the 16S ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA) gene is recognized to be effective for bacterial identification. In this study, we surveyed wards where drug-resistant bacteria had been isolated and compared conventional culture methods with 16S rRNA gene sequencing methods. Methods Samples were collected using sterile swabs from two wards (northern and southern) at Gunma University Hospital contaminated by Acinetobacter sp.. We extracted DNA directly from the swabs. Following extraction, the DNA was amplified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The PCR products were cloned using the plasmid vector. The plasmid DNA were sequenced, and identification were performed using database. 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses were compared conventional culture methods. Results In the northern ward, Acinetobacter sp. was detected from only two of 14 samples using the culture method. In contrast, 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis detected Acinetobacter sp. from seven of 14 samples. Drug-resistant Acinetobacter sp. was isolated from bathrooms of the southern ward and was detected from four of seven samples using the culture method in comparison with six of seven samples by 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis. Conclusions Molecular biological analysis showed a higher sensitivity to detect specific bacteria and detected a greater number of species than the culture method. Our results suggest that 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis is useful to identify range of contamination which were not found in conventional culture method. When a nosocomial outbreak cannot be adequately controlled, molecular biological analysis may serve as a useful tool for environmental surveys in hospitals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Manaka
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma Japan
| | - Yutaka Tokue
- Infection Control and Prevention Center, Gunma University Hospital, 3-39-15 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma Japan
| | - Masami Murakami
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma Japan
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17
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Arora HC, Eng C, Shoskes DA. Gut microbiome and chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2017; 5:30. [PMID: 28217695 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2016.12.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Analysis of the human microbiome continues to reveal new and previously unrealized associations between microbial dysbiosis and disease. Novel approaches to bacterial identification using culture-independent methods allow practitioners to discern the presence of alterations in the taxa and diversity of the microbiome and identify correlations with disease processes. While some of these diseases that have been extensively studied are well-defined in their etiology and treatment methods (colorectal cancer), others have provided much more significant challenges in both diagnosis and treatment. One such condition, chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS), has several etiological and potentiating contributions from infection, inflammation, central nervous system (CNS) changes, stress, and central sensitization-all factors that play important roles in the crosstalk between the human body and its microbiome. No singular cause of CP/CPPS has been identified and it is most likely a syndrome with multifactorial causes. This heterogeneity and ambiguity are sources of significant frustration for patients and providers alike. Despite multiple attempts, treatment of chronic prostatitis with monotherapy has seen limited success, which is thought to be due to its heterogeneous nature. Phenotypic approaches to both classify the disease and direct treatment for CP/CPPS have proven beneficial in these patients, but questions still remain regarding etiology. Newer microbiome research has found correlations between symptom scores and disease severity and the degree of dysbiosis in urine and gut (stool) microbiomes in these patients as compared to un-afflicted controls. These findings present potential new diagnostic and therapeutic targets in CP/CPPS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans C Arora
- Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Charis Eng
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Daniel A Shoskes
- Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
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18
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Gupta P, Ahammad SZ, Sreekrishnan TR. Improving the cyanide toxicity tolerance of anaerobic reactor: Microbial interactions and toxin reduction. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2016; 315:52-60. [PMID: 27179200 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Revised: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic biological treatment of high organics containing wastewater is amongst the preferred treatment options but poor tolerance to toxins makes its use prohibitive. In this study, efforts have been made to understand the key parameters for developing anaerobic reactor, resilient to cyanide toxicity. A laboratory scale anaerobic batch reactor was set up to treat cyanide containing wastewater. The reactor was inoculated with anaerobic sludge obtained from a wastewater treatment plant and fresh cow dung in the ratio of 3:1. The focus was on acclimatization and development of cyanide-degrading biomass and to understand the toxic effects of cyanide on the dynamic equilibrium between various microbial groups. The sludge exposed to cyanide was found to have higher bacterial diversity than the control. It was observed that certain hydrogenotrophic methanogens and bacterial groups were able to grow and produce methane in the presence of cyanide. Also, it was found that hydrogen utilizing methanogens were more cyanide tolerant than acetate utilizing methanogens. So, effluents from various industries like electroplating, coke oven plant, petroleum refining, explosive manufacturing, and pesticides industries which are having high concentrations of cyanide can be treated by favoring the growth of the tolerant microbes in the reactors. It will provide much better treatment efficiency by overcoming the inhibitory effects of cyanide to certain extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pragya Gupta
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - S Z Ahammad
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - T R Sreekrishnan
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India.
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19
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Shoskes DA, Altemus J, Polackwich AS, Tucky B, Wang H, Eng C. The Urinary Microbiome Differs Significantly Between Patients With Chronic Prostatitis/Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome and Controls as Well as Between Patients With Different Clinical Phenotypes. Urology 2016; 92:26-32. [PMID: 26970449 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2016.02.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Revised: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the urinary microbiome of patients with Chronic Prostatitis/Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome (CP/CPPS) compared with controls. METHODS We identified 25 patients with CP/CPPS and 25 men who were either asymptomatic or only had urinary symptoms. Midstream urine was collected. Symptom severity was measured with the National Institutes of Health Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index and clinical phenotype with UPOINT. Total DNA was extracted from the urine pellet and bacterial-specific 16Sr-DNA-capture identified by MiSeq sequencing. Taxonomic and functional bioinformatic analyses used principal coordinate analysis (PCoA)/MacQIIME, LEfSe, and PiCRUSt algorithms. RESULTS Patients and controls were similar ages (52.3 vs 57.0 years, P = .27). For patients, median duration was 48 months, mean Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index was 26.0, and mean UPOINT domains was 3.6. Weighted 3D UniFrac PCoA revealed tighter clustering of controls distinct from the wider clustering of cases (P = .001; α-diversity P = .005). Seventeen clades were overrepresented in patients, for example, Clostridia, and 5 were underrepresented, eg, Bacilli, resulting in predicted perturbations in functional pathways. PiCRUSt inferred differentially regulated pathways between cases and controls that may be of relevance including sporulation, chemotaxis, and pyruvate metabolism. PCoA-derived microbiomic differences were noted for neurologic/systemic domains (P = .06), whereas LEfSe identified differences associated with each of the 6 clinical features. CONCLUSION Urinary microbiomes from patients with CP/CPPS have significantly higher alpha(phylogenetic) diversity which cluster differently from controls, and higher counts of Clostridia compared with controls, resulting in predicted perturbations of functional pathways which could suggest metabolite-specific targeted treatment. Several measures of severity and clinical phenotype have significant microbiome differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Shoskes
- Department of Urology, Glickman Urological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195.
| | - Jessica Altemus
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Alan S Polackwich
- Department of Urology, Glickman Urological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Barbara Tucky
- Department of Urology, Glickman Urological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Hannah Wang
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195; Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Charis Eng
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195; Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195; Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106
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20
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Shoskes DA, Wang H, Polackwich AS, Tucky B, Altemus J, Eng C. Analysis of Gut Microbiome Reveals Significant Differences between Men with Chronic Prostatitis/Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome and Controls. J Urol 2016; 196:435-41. [PMID: 26930255 DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2016.02.2959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome is a common disorder with heterogeneous etiologies and clinical features. The gut microbiome is a metabolically active ecosystem linked to systemic conditions (gut-brain axis). We hypothesize that the gut microbiome will show alterations between patients with chronic pelvic pain syndrome and controls. MATERIALS AND METHODS We identified patients with chronic pelvic pain syndrome and controls who were asymptomatic or only had urinary tract symptoms. After rectal examination the soiled glove tip was immersed in sterile saline and stored on ice. Symptom severity was measured with the NIH-Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index and clinical phenotype with UPOINT. Total DNA was extracted from the pellet of samples. MiSeq sequencing of bacterial specific 16S rRNA capture was performed. Taxonomic and bioinformatic analyses were performed using principal coordinate analysis, QIIME and LEfSe algorithms. RESULTS There were 25 patients and 25 controls with complete data. Mean age was similar (chronic pelvic pain syndrome 52.3 vs control 57.0 years, p=0.27). For patients with chronic pelvic pain syndrome median symptom duration was 48 months, mean Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index was 26.0 and mean UPOINT domain was 3.6. Three-dimensional UniFrac principal coordinate analysis revealed tighter clustering of controls in a space distinct from the wider clustering of cases (p=0.001) with cases having decreased alpha diversity (p=0.001). Compared to controls, 3 taxa were overrepresented in cases and 12 were underrepresented, eg Prevotella. CONCLUSIONS Patients with chronic pelvic pain syndrome have significantly less gut microbiome diversity which clusters differently from controls, and robustly lower counts of Prevotella, with separation sufficient to serve as a potential biomarker. The gut microbiome may serve as disease biomarker and potential therapeutic target in chronic pelvic pain syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Shoskes
- Department of Urology, Glickman Urological Institute, Cleveland, Ohio.
| | - Hannah Wang
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Cleveland, Ohio; Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Alan S Polackwich
- Department of Urology, Glickman Urological Institute, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Barbara Tucky
- Department of Urology, Glickman Urological Institute, Cleveland, Ohio
| | | | - Charis Eng
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Cleveland, Ohio; Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio; Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
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21
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Gherardi G, Di Bonaventura G, Pompilio A, Savini V. Corynebacterium glucuronolyticum causing genitourinary tract infection: Case report and review of the literature. IDCases 2015; 2:56-8. [PMID: 26793456 PMCID: PMC4672622 DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2015.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Revised: 03/08/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Corynebacterium species are increasingly recognized as opportunistic pathogens. A growing number of taxonomic studies has yielded a description of numerous new Corynebacterium species, such as those related to the urogenital tract, with Corynebacterium glucuronolyticum found to be rarely involved in genitourinary tract infections, particularly in male individuals. In this report, we describe a urethritis case caused by C. glucuronolyticum in a 37-year-old, apparently healthy male, who complained mild pain in the lower abdomen, with several urinary symptoms. While urethral and semen specimens did not yield positive results for microbiological evaluation, cultures of urine samples revealed the monomicrobial growth on blood-containing media of tiny colonies after 24 h of incubation, clearly evident only after 48 h of incubation under CO2-enriched atmosphere. Colonies were identified as C. glucuronolyticum both by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Oral ciprofloxacin gradually led to clinical improvement and, finally, to a complete recovery, in accordance with microbiological findings. In spite of its infrequent detection, C. glucuronolyticum might be a potential urogenital pathogen in males more commonly that what believed, perhaps due to slow growth leading to underrecognition; we suggest therefore to consider the organism in the differential diagnostics of bacterial diseases of the urinary tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Gherardi
- Integrated Research Centre (CIR), University Campus Biomedico, Via Alvaro del Portillo 200, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - G Di Bonaventura
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Via Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy; Center of Excellence on Aging, "G. d'Annunzio" University Foundation, Via Luigi Polacchi 11, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - A Pompilio
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Via Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy; Center of Excellence on Aging, "G. d'Annunzio" University Foundation, Via Luigi Polacchi 11, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - V Savini
- Clinical Microbiology and Virology, Spirito Santo Hospital, Via Fonte Romana 8, 65124 Pescara, Italy
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22
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Nickel JC, Stephens A, Landis JR, Chen J, Mullins C, van Bokhoven A, Lucia MS, Melton-Kreft R, Ehrlich GD. Search for Microorganisms in Men with Urologic Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome: A Culture-Independent Analysis in the MAPP Research Network. J Urol 2015; 194:127-35. [PMID: 25596358 DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2015.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We used next-generation, state-of-the-art, culture independent methodology to survey urine microbiota of males with urologic chronic pelvic pain syndrome and control participants enrolled in the MAPP Network to investigate a possible microbial etiology. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male patients with urologic chronic pelvic pain syndrome and matched controls were asked to provide initial, midstream and post-prostatic massage urine specimens. Specimens were analyzed with Ibis T-5000 Universal Biosensor technology to provide comprehensive identification of bacterial and select fungal species. Differences between urologic chronic pelvic pain syndrome and control study participants for the presence of species or species variation in a higher taxonomic grouping (genus) were evaluated using permutational multivariate analysis of variance and logistic regression. RESULTS Initial and midstream urine specimens were obtained from 110 (post-prostatic massage urine in 67) participants with urologic chronic pelvic pain syndrome and 115 (post-prostatic massage urine in 62) controls. Overall 78, 73 and 54 species (42, 39 and 27 genera) were detected in initial, midstream and post-prostatic massage urine specimens, respectively. Mean (SD) initial, midstream and post-prostatic massage urine species count per person was 1.62 (1.28), 1.38 (1.36) and 1.33 (1.24) for cases, and 1.75 (1.32), 1.23 (1.15) and 1.56 (0.97) for controls, respectively. Overall species and genus composition differed significantly between participants with urologic chronic pelvic pain syndrome and controls in initial stream urine (p=0.002 species level, p=0.004 genus level), with Burkholderia cenocepacia overrepresented in urologic chronic pelvic pain syndrome. No significant differences were observed at any level in midstream or post-prostatic massage urine samples. CONCLUSIONS Assessment of baseline culture-independent microbiological data from male subjects enrolled in the MAPP Network has identified overrepresentation of B. cenocepacia in urologic chronic pelvic pain syndrome. Future studies are planned to further evaluate microbiota associations with variable and changing urologic chronic pelvic pain syndrome symptom patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Curtis Nickel
- Department of Urology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Alisa Stephens
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - J Richard Landis
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jun Chen
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Chris Mullins
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Adrie van Bokhoven
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - M Scott Lucia
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Rachael Melton-Kreft
- Allegheny Health Network, Center of Excellence in Biofilm Research, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Garth D Ehrlich
- Departments of Microbiology & Immunology and Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Wang Y, Li P, Jiang D, Li B, Dai X, Jiang Z, Wang Y. Vertical distribution of bacterial communities in high arsenic sediments of Hetao Plain, Inner Mongolia. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2014; 23:1890-1899. [PMID: 25154458 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-014-1322-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/09/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Vertical distribution of bacterial communities was detected in high arsenic (As) sediments in a representative high As area in Inner Mongolia. Nineteen sediment samples were collected from a 30 m borehole and detected by geochemistry and molecular ecological approaches including polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE), 16S rRNA gene clone library and 454 pyrosequencing. As contents ranged from 42.1 to 111.3 mg kg(-1) which fluctuated with different depth and significantly high in clay and mild clay sediment samples at depth of 8, 20, 25 and 28 m respectively. The ratios of As(III) to total As generally increased with depth but As(V) dominated in all sediment samples. High concentrations of total As, sulfur, iron and total organic carbon were generally found in clay and low in sand samples. Both DGGE patterns and 454 pyrosequencing results indicated that bacterial communities dynamically diversified with increasing depth and were dominated by Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria and Chloroflexi. Most of the sediment samples were dominated by populations including Sporosarcina, Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas, Halomonas, Polaromonas, Paenibacillus and Flavobacterium. These populations were found with high similarities with those microbes capable of denitrification, sulfur oxidation, organic matter degradation and As resistance and reduction. These results implied that microbes might play an important role in As mobilization in the shallow aquifers of Hetao Plain, Inner Mongolia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China
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24
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Weng SL, Chiu CM, Lin FM, Huang WC, Liang C, Yang T, Yang TL, Liu CY, Wu WY, Chang YA, Chang TH, Huang HD. Bacterial communities in semen from men of infertile couples: metagenomic sequencing reveals relationships of seminal microbiota to semen quality. PLoS One 2014; 9:e110152. [PMID: 25340531 PMCID: PMC4207690 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Some previous studies have identified bacteria in semen as being a potential factor in male infertility. However, only few types of bacteria were taken into consideration while using PCR-based or culturing methods. Here we present an analysis approach using next-generation sequencing technology and bioinformatics analysis to investigate the associations between bacterial communities and semen quality. Ninety-six semen samples collected were examined for bacterial communities, measuring seven clinical criteria for semen quality (semen volume, sperm concentration, motility, Kruger's strict morphology, antisperm antibody (IgA), Atypical, and leukocytes). Computer-assisted semen analysis (CASA) was also performed. Results showed that the most abundant genera among all samples were Lactobacillus (19.9%), Pseudomonas (9.85%), Prevotella (8.51%) and Gardnerella (4.21%). The proportion of Lactobacillus and Gardnerella was significantly higher in the normal samples, while that of Prevotella was significantly higher in the low quality samples. Unsupervised clustering analysis demonstrated that the seminal bacterial communities were clustered into three main groups: Lactobacillus, Pseudomonas, and Prevotella predominant group. Remarkably, most normal samples (80.6%) were clustered in Lactobacillus predominant group. The analysis results showed seminal bacteria community types were highly associated with semen health. Lactobacillus might not only be a potential probiotic for semen quality maintenance, but also might be helpful in countering the negative influence of Prevotella and Pseudomonas. In this study, we investigated whole seminal bacterial communities and provided the most comprehensive analysis of the association between bacterial community and semen quality. The study significantly contributes to the current understanding of the etiology of male fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun-Long Weng
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hsinchu Mackay Memorial Hospital, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Mackay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Min Chiu
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Mao Lin
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chih Huang
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chao Liang
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Ting Yang
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Ling Yang
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yu Liu
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Yun Wu
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yi-An Chang
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Health GeneTech Corporation, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Hao Chang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Da Huang
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Center for Bioinformatics Research, National Chiao Tung University, HsinChu, Taiwan
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25
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Comparison of bacterial diversity from solar salterns and a simulated laboratory study. ANN MICROBIOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-014-0944-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Effectiveness of diet, sexual habits and lifestyle modifications on treatment of chronic pelvic pain syndrome. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2014; 17:238-45. [PMID: 24819236 DOI: 10.1038/pcan.2014.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2013] [Revised: 03/16/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The potential benefits of a therapeutic regimen for chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CPPS) based on the adherence to some specific rules concerning diet, sexual habits and lifestyle have never been investigated. METHODS A review of literature was executed to prepare a vademecum of 13 rules relating to diet, sexual habits and lifestyle that patients had to adhere to in order to treat CPPS. Patients affected by CPPS were enrolled and assigned to two equal groups that were both treated with 100 mg of nimesulide for 1 week. Group two patients were instructed to adhere to the vademecum rules, whereas patients in Group one received instructions to make no changes in their lifestyles. The NIH-Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index was administered at baseline and after 3 months. The main outcome measure was the change in the mean total NIH-Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index scores between the two groups from baseline to after treatment. Statistical methods for two-group comparisons were used. RESULTS Overall,100 patients were recruited. Thirty-nine out of fifty patients (78%) belonging to Group two adhered to the vademecum rules. In Group one, the total NIH-Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index score was 21.9 at baseline and 17.6 post-treatment, whereas in Group two these scores were 22.1 and 8.1, respectively (P<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS We detected 13 potentially eliminable risk factors for CPPS on the basis of which we prepared a vademecum of 13 rules to treat this disease that were well tolerated and highly effective in significantly reducing all types of symptoms caused by CPPS.
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Meštrović T, Bedenić B, Ljubin‐Sternak S, Sviben M, Profozić Z. Ciprofloxacin‐resistant Corynebacterium glucuronolyticum as a cause of male urethritis syndrome. JMM Case Rep 2014. [DOI: 10.1099/jmmcr.0.000208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tomislav Meštrović
- Clinical Microbiology and Parasitology Laboratory, Polyclinic ‘Dr Zora Profozić’, Bosutska 19, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Branka Bedenić
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Microbiology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Kišpatićeva 12, Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Šalata 3, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sunčanica Ljubin‐Sternak
- Microbiology Service, Croatian National Institute of Public Health, Rockefellerova 12, Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Šalata 3, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mario Sviben
- Microbiology Service, Croatian National Institute of Public Health, Rockefellerova 12, Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Šalata 3, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Zora Profozić
- Clinical Microbiology and Parasitology Laboratory, Polyclinic ‘Dr Zora Profozić’, Bosutska 19, Zagreb, Croatia
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Türk S, Mazzoli S, Stšepetova J, Kuznetsova J, Mändar R. Coryneform bacteria in human semen: inter-assay variability in species composition detection and biofilm production ability. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY IN HEALTH AND DISEASE 2014; 25:22701. [PMID: 24563649 PMCID: PMC3927743 DOI: 10.3402/mehd.v25.22701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Revised: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Background Coryneform bacteria constitute an important segment of male urogenital microbiota. They have been generally considered as saprophytes, although some species have been associated with prostatitis as well. At the same time, biofilm infections have been suspected as a cause of prostatitis. Objective To identify a set of coryneform bacteria isolated from semen of either healthy men or prostatitis patients applying different methods to reveal inter-assay variability and to determine their ability of adhesion and biofilm production. Design Coryneform bacteria were identified by API Coryne 2.0 biochemical identification system and 16S rDNA sequencing using different primer sets. Quantitative assessment of biofilm production was performed using crystal violet binding assay method. Results The most common species were Corynebacterium seminale, C. minutissimum, and Dermabacter hominis. Altogether 14 species and related genera were found. We observed the best inter-assay agreement when identifying C. seminale. Biofilm was observed in 7 out of 24 strains. The biofilm-producing strains belonged to Arthrobacter cumminsii, Dermabacter hominis, C. minutissimum, and Actinomyces neuii. No differences were found between the strains originating from prostatitis patients and healthy men. Dermabacter hominis strains were more potent biofilm producers than C. seminale strains (p=0.048). Conclusions We can conclude that a wide variety of coryneform bacteria can be found from the male genital tract, although their exact identification is problematic due to insufficient representation in databases. Nearly one third of the strains are able to form biofilm that may give them an advantage for surviving several host- and treatment-related conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silver Türk
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Sandra Mazzoli
- Sexually Transmitted Diseases Centre, Santa Maria Annunziata Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | | | | | - Reet Mändar
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia ; Competence Centre on Reproductive Medicine and Biology, Tartu, Estonia
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Abstract
The prevalence of prostatitis is extremely high, with up to 16% of men diagnosed with prostatitis at some point throughout their lifetime. However, the etiology appears to be multifactorial and standard treatment regimens have been altered significantly in recent years. The purpose of this review is to examine the changing scientific views on the causes and treatment of prostatitis, chronic prostaitis and chronic pelvic pain syndrome. We review the infectious and noninfectious etiology of the disease, examining the role of antimicrobial treatment in eradicating infection as well as ameliorating symptoms. Current NIH classifications, which stratify prostatitis into four categories, are discussed, as is the NIH Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index, the primary tool used to assess symptomatology. Diagnostic examinations are studying the need for the four-glass test and its practical replacement by the two-glass test. Multimodal treatment therapy is then discussed, including recent data on biofeedback and evaluation of the role of pelvic floor dysfunction in prostatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Bergman
- David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Department of Urology, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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Mändar R. Microbiota of male genital tract: Impact on the health of man and his partner. Pharmacol Res 2013; 69:32-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2012.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2012] [Revised: 10/16/2012] [Accepted: 10/29/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Characterisation of the bacterial community in expressed prostatic secretions from patients with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome and infertile men: a preliminary investigation. Asian J Androl 2012; 14:566-73. [PMID: 22635162 DOI: 10.1038/aja.2012.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The expressed prostatic secretions (EPSs) of men with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS), infertile men and normal men were subjected to microbiological study. EPSs were collected from the subjects, which included 26 normal men, 11 infertile patients and 51 CP/CPPS patients. DNA was extracted from each specimen, and the V3 regions of the 16S rRNA genes were amplified using universal bacterial primers. The results showed that the EPS 16S rRNA gene-positive rate in the CP/CPPS and infertile patients was much higher than in the normal men, but without any difference among the three patient groups. The denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) method was used to characterize the EPS bacterial community structure of the prostate fluid from patients with CP/CPPS or infertility issues. Principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares (PLS) analyses of PCR-DGGE profiles revealed that the EPS bacterial community structure differed among the three groups. Three bands were identified as the key factors responsible for the discrepancy between CP/CPPS patients and infertile patients (P<0.05). Two bands were identified as priority factors in the discrepancy of category IIIA and category IIIB prostatitis patients (P<0.05). According to this research, the ecological balance of the prostate and low urethra tract, when considered as a microenvironment, might play an important role in the maintenance of a healthy male reproductive tract.
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Eiró N, Vizoso FJ. Inflammation and cancer. World J Gastrointest Surg 2012; 4:62-72. [PMID: 22530080 PMCID: PMC3332223 DOI: 10.4240/wjgs.v4.i3.62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2010] [Revised: 11/17/2011] [Accepted: 11/25/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
There is evidence supporting the hypothesis that inflammation participates in providing conditions that lead to cancer. An unresolved inflammation due to any failure in the precise control of the immune response can continue to perturb the cellular microenvironment, thereby leading to alterations in cancer-related genes and posttranslational modification in crucial cellular proteins involved in the cell cycle, DNA repair and apoptosis. In addition, there are data indicating that inflammatory cells and immunomodulatory mediators present in the tumor microenvironment influence tumor progression and metastasis. Historically, tumor-infiltrating leukocytes have been considered to be manifestations of an intrinsic defence mechanism against developing tumors. However, increasing evidence indicates that leukocyte infiltration can promote tumor phenotypes, such as angiogenesis, growth and invasion. This may be due to inflammatory cells that probably can influence cancer promotion by secreting cytokines, growth factors, chemokines and proteases, which stimulate proliferation and invasiveness of cancer cells. Consequently, events and molecules implicated in this cross talk between the tumor microenvironment and inflammatory process may emerge as attractive targets in anticancer therapeutic interventions with significant clinical impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemí Eiró
- Noemí Eiró, Francisco J Vizoso, Research Unit, Fundación Hospital de Jove, 33290 Gijón, Asturias, Spain
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Association of Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2, 3 and 9 genes polymorphism with prostate cancer risk in North Indian population. Mol Biol Rep 2012; 39:7263-9. [PMID: 22311043 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-012-1556-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2011] [Accepted: 01/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common cancer among men. It has been suggested that toll like receptors (TLRs) may contribute to PCa pathogenesis by stimulating prostate epithelial cell proliferation in response to infectious stimuli. We performed case control study to analyze the genetic variants of TLR2, 3 and 9 gene polymorphisms with PCa risk in a North Indian population. For this study we genotyped age matched, unrelated 195 PCa patients and 250 healthy controls of similar ethnicity in a case-control study. They were genotyped for TLR2 (-196 to -174 Del), TLR3 (c.1377C/T) [rs3775290] and TLR9 (G2848A) [rs352140] gene polymorphisms using polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism method. Variant allele Del (D) carriers i.e. (ID + DD) of TLR2 (-196 to -174 Del) SNP, demonstrated 1.57 fold increased risk (p = 0.040; OR = 1.57, 95% CI = 1.02-2.24) as compared to Ins (I) allele, suggesting a dominant effect model involved in the risk of this polymorphism in PCa. However, variants of TLR3 and 9 gene polymorphisms were not associated with PCa risk. Our results suggested the low penetrance variant of TLR2 (-196 to -174 Del) to be at increased PCa risk in North Indian population. Functional studies in ethnically diverse populations may provide a more comprehensive involvement of innate immunity in identifying the disease-associated variants for PCa etiology.
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Frank DN, Zhu W, Sartor RB, Li E. Investigating the biological and clinical significance of human dysbioses. Trends Microbiol 2011; 19:427-34. [PMID: 21775143 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2011.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2011] [Revised: 06/08/2011] [Accepted: 06/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Culture-independent microbiological technologies that interrogate complex microbial populations without prior axenic culture, coupled with high-throughput DNA sequencing, have revolutionized the scale, speed and economics of microbial ecological studies. Their application to the medical realm has led to a highly productive merger of clinical, experimental and environmental microbiology. The functional roles played by members of the human microbiota are being actively explored through experimental manipulation of animal model systems and studies of human populations. In concert, these studies have appreciably expanded our understanding of the composition and dynamics of human-associated microbial communities (microbiota). Of note, several human diseases have been linked to alterations in the composition of resident microbial communities, so-called dysbiosis. However, how changes in microbial communities contribute to disease etiology remains poorly defined. Correlation of microbial composition represents integration of only two datasets (phenotype and microbial composition). This article explores strategies for merging the human microbiome data with multiple additional datasets (e.g. host single nucleotide polymorphisms and host gene expression) and for integrating patient-based data with results from experimental animal models to gain deeper understanding of how host-microbe interactions impact disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel N Frank
- Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
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36
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Thomas MC, Thomas DK, Selinger LB, Inglis GD. spyder, a new method for in silico design and assessment of 16S rRNA gene primers for molecular microbial ecology. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2011; 320:152-9. [PMID: 21554380 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2011.02302.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular microbial ecology studies are heavily reliant on 'Universal' 16S rRNA gene primers for elucidating microbial community structure and composition, and yet primer design and optimization is often overlooked. Primers that exhibit minor biases due to primer-template mismatches can substantially alter the pool of amplicons from a community DNA sample, resulting in inaccurate conclusions. As a result, it is important that primers are critically evaluated against the most comprehensive data sets available before commencing molecular microbial community studies. We present a user-friendly, multi-platform (e.g. Windows, Linux, Mac) method named spyder for the in silico design and assessment of 16S rRNA gene primers. The method utilizes the Ribosomal Database Project's Probe Match feature coupled with a compact program (available at http://people.uleth.ca/~selibl/Spyder/Spyder.html) that aligns and identifies mismatches between primers and templates. To demonstrate the value of spyder, we assessed commonly used 'Universal' and phyla-specific primers and identified primer modifications that improved the coverage of target organisms by 5-42% as well as removed excessive degeneracies.
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37
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Frank DN. GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT SYMPOSIUM: Promoting healthier humans through healthier livestock: Animal agriculture enters the metagenomics era12. J Anim Sci 2011; 89:835-44. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2010-3392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
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38
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González-Reyes S, Fernández JM, González LO, Aguirre A, Suárez A, González JM, Escaff S, Vizoso FJ. Study of TLR3, TLR4, and TLR9 in prostate carcinomas and their association with biochemical recurrence. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2011; 60:217-26. [PMID: 20978888 PMCID: PMC11028925 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-010-0931-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2010] [Accepted: 10/07/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Toll-like receptors (TLRs) have garnered an extraordinary amount of interest in cancer research due to their role in tumor progression. By activating the production of several biological factors, TLRs induce type I interferons and other cytokines, which drive an inflammatory response and activate the adaptive immune system. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression and clinical relevance of TLR3, 4, and 9 in prostate cancer. METHODS The expression levels of TLR3, TLR4, and TLR9 were analyzed on tumors from 133 patients with prostate cancer. The analyses were performed by immunohistochemistry on tissue arrays and real time-PCR. RESULTS Cancerous cells showed high expression levels of TLRs compared with controls. Samples of carcinomas with recurrence exhibited a significant increase in the mRNA levels of TLR3, TLR4, and TLR9. In addition, the tumors that showed high TLR3 or TLR9 expression levels were significantly associated with higher probability of biochemical recurrence. CONCLUSION TLR expression is associated with prostate cancer with recurrence and the role of TLR receptors in the biology of malignancy merits study. Therapeutic strategies to boost or block TLRs may be of interest.
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Galan-Sanchez F, Aznar-Marin P, Marin-Casanova P, Garcia-Martos P, Rodriguez-Iglesias M. Urethritis due to Corynebacterium glucuronolyticum. J Infect Chemother 2011; 17:720-1. [DOI: 10.1007/s10156-011-0237-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2011] [Accepted: 03/14/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Yoon HJ, Chun J, Kim JH, Kang SS, Na DJ. Gardnerella vaginalis septicaemia with pyelonephritis, infective endocarditis and septic emboli in the kidney and brain of an adult male. Int J STD AIDS 2010; 21:653-7. [DOI: 10.1258/ijsa.2010.009574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Gardnerella vaginalis is typically associated with bacterial vaginosis in women. However, balanitis, urethritis, urinary tract infections and asymptomatic bacteraemia have also been described in men. Here we report a case of G. vaginalis septicaemia with infective endocarditis and septic emboli in the kidney and brain of an adult male.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Yoon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Eulji University College of Medicine, Daejeon
| | - J Chun
- Division of High-risk Pathogen Research, Center for Infectious Disease, National Institute of Health
| | - J-H Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Eulji University College of Medicine, Daejeon
| | - S-S Kang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Konkuk University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - D-J Na
- Department of Internal Medicine, Eulji University College of Medicine, Daejeon
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41
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Inflammatory genetic markers of prostate cancer risk. Cancers (Basel) 2010; 2:1198-220. [PMID: 24281113 PMCID: PMC3835126 DOI: 10.3390/cancers2021198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2010] [Revised: 05/24/2010] [Accepted: 06/01/2010] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in Western society males, with incidence rates predicted to rise with global aging. Etiology of prostate cancer is however poorly understood, while current diagnostic tools can be invasive (digital rectal exam or biopsy) and/or lack specificity for the disease (prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing). Substantial histological, epidemiological and molecular genetic evidence indicates that inflammation is important in prostate cancer pathogenesis. In this review, we summarize the current status of inflammatory genetic markers influencing susceptibility to prostate cancer. The focus will be on inflammatory cytokines regulating T-helper cell and chemokine homeostasis, together with the Toll-like receptors as key players in the host innate immune system. Although association studies indicating a genetic basis for prostate cancer are presently limited mainly due to lack of replication, larger and more ethnically and clinically defined study populations may help elucidate the true contribution of inflammatory gene variants to prostate cancer risk.
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The human nasal microbiota and Staphylococcus aureus carriage. PLoS One 2010; 5:e10598. [PMID: 20498722 PMCID: PMC2871794 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0010598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 285] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2010] [Accepted: 04/19/2010] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Colonization of humans with Staphylococcus aureus is a critical prerequisite of subsequent clinical infection of the skin, blood, lung, heart and other deep tissues. S. aureus persistently or intermittently colonizes the nares of ∼50% of healthy adults, whereas ∼50% of the general population is rarely or never colonized by this pathogen. Because microbial consortia within the nasal cavity may be an important determinant of S. aureus colonization we determined the composition and dynamics of the nasal microbiota and correlated specific microorganisms with S. aureus colonization. Methodology/Principal Findings Nasal specimens were collected longitudinally from five healthy adults and a cross-section of hospitalized patients (26 S. aureus carriers and 16 non-carriers). Culture-independent analysis of 16S rRNA sequences revealed that the nasal microbiota of healthy subjects consists primarily of members of the phylum Actinobacteria (e.g., Propionibacterium spp. and Corynebacterium spp.), with proportionally less representation of other phyla, including Firmicutes (e.g., Staphylococcus spp.) and Proteobacteria (e.g. Enterobacter spp). In contrast, inpatient nasal microbiotas were enriched in S. aureus or Staphylococcus epidermidis and diminished in several actinobacterial groups, most notably Propionibacterium acnes. Moreover, within the inpatient population S. aureus colonization was negatively correlated with the abundances of several microbial groups, including S. epidermidis (p = 0.004). Conclusions/Significance The nares environment is colonized by a temporally stable microbiota that is distinct from other regions of the integument. Negative association between S. aureus, S. epidermidis, and other groups suggests microbial competition during colonization of the nares, a finding that could be exploited to limit S. aureus colonization.
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Trost E, Götker S, Schneider J, Schneiker-Bekel S, Szczepanowski R, Tilker A, Viehoever P, Arnold W, Bekel T, Blom J, Gartemann KH, Linke B, Goesmann A, Pühler A, Shukla SK, Tauch A. Complete genome sequence and lifestyle of black-pigmented Corynebacterium aurimucosum ATCC 700975 (formerly C. nigricans CN-1) isolated from a vaginal swab of a woman with spontaneous abortion. BMC Genomics 2010; 11:91. [PMID: 20137072 PMCID: PMC2830990 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-11-91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2009] [Accepted: 02/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Corynebacterium aurimucosum is a slightly yellowish, non-lipophilic, facultative anaerobic member of the genus Corynebacterium and predominantly isolated from human clinical specimens. Unusual black-pigmented variants of C. aurimucosum (originally named as C. nigricans) continue to be recovered from the female urogenital tract and they are associated with complications during pregnancy. C. aurimucosum ATCC 700975 (C. nigricans CN-1) was originally isolated from a vaginal swab of a 34-year-old woman who experienced a spontaneous abortion during month six of pregnancy. For a better understanding of the physiology and lifestyle of this potential urogenital pathogen, the complete genome sequence of C. aurimucosum ATCC 700975 was determined. Results Sequencing and assembly of the C. aurimucosum ATCC 700975 genome yielded a circular chromosome of 2,790,189 bp in size and the 29,037-bp plasmid pET44827. Specific gene sets associated with the central metabolism of C. aurimucosum apparently provide enhanced metabolic flexibility and adaptability in aerobic, anaerobic and low-pH environments, including gene clusters for the uptake and degradation of aromatic amines, L-histidine and L-tartrate as well as a gene region for the formation of selenocysteine and its incorporation into formate dehydrogenase. Plasmid pET44827 codes for a non-ribosomal peptide synthetase that plays the pivotal role in the synthesis of the characteristic black pigment of C. aurimucosum ATCC 700975. Conclusions The data obtained by the genome project suggest that C. aurimucosum could be both a resident of the human gut and possibly a pathogen in the female genital tract causing complications during pregnancy. Since hitherto all black-pigmented C. aurimucosum strains have been recovered from female genital source, biosynthesis of the pigment is apparently required for colonization by protecting the bacterial cells against the high hydrogen peroxide concentration in the vaginal environment. The location of the corresponding genes on plasmid pET44827 explains why black-pigmented (formerly C. nigricans) and non-pigmented C. aurimucosum strains were isolated from clinical specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Trost
- Institut für Genomforschung und Systembiologie, Centrum für Biotechnologie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 27, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
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Urethral dysbacteriosis as an underlying, primary cause of chronic prostatitis: Potential implications for probiotic therapy. Med Hypotheses 2009; 73:741-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2009.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2009] [Revised: 04/12/2009] [Accepted: 04/18/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Gatti G, Quintar AA, Andreani V, Nicola JP, Maldonado CA, Masini-Repiso AM, Rivero VE, Maccioni M. Expression of Toll-like receptor 4 in the prostate gland and its association with the severity of prostate cancer. Prostate 2009; 69:1387-97. [PMID: 19496069 DOI: 10.1002/pros.20984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic inflammation has been postulated to be an important driving force to prostate carcinoma. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) compose a family of receptors mainly expressed on immune cells. Recently, functional TLRs have been shown to be also expressed in numerous cancer cells, but their significance has only recently begun to be explored. The purpose of this study was to investigate the putative role of TLR4 expression in prostate carcinoma. METHODS To determine if there is an association between TLR4 expression and the malignancy of the tumor, 35 prostate carcinoma samples showing different Gleason grades were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Also, to explore the functionality of the receptors expressed on the epithelium, we analyzed the type of cytokine response elicited and the signaling pathways involved after TLR4 triggering in the human prostate adenocarcinoma cell line, DU-145. RESULTS TLR4 is expressed in the normal prostate gland in both stroma and epithelium. TLR4 expression significantly drops to negative values as the Gleason grade augments in both, stroma and epithelium. Moreover, DU-145 cells also exhibit TLR4 expression and respond to TLR4 agonists, activating the transcription factor NF-kappaB and increasing the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators. Inhibition of the molecular adaptors MyD88 and MAL by overexpression of dominant-negative mutants diminished LPS-induced activation of NF-kappaB, showing that DU-145 cells activate the NF-kappaB through MyD88-dependent signaling pathways. CONCLUSIONS We hypothesize that TLR4 in prostate cells could synergize with innate immune cells contributing to an eventual inflammatory process, which in genetically prone individuals could promote carcinogenesis. Prostate 69: 1387-1397, 2009. (c) 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerardo Gatti
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
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46
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Shivaprasad HL, Cadenas MB, Diab SS, Nordhausen R, Bradway D, Crespo R, Breitschwerdt EB. Coxiella-like infection in psittacines and a toucan. Avian Dis 2008; 52:426-32. [PMID: 18939630 DOI: 10.1637/8192-120707-reg] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Seven psittacine birds and a toucan (Ramphastos toco) were diagnosed as infected with Coxiella-like bacteria, based on polymerase chain reaction and bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequence obtained from each bird's liver tissue. Most of the birds exhibited lethargy and weakness for several days prior to death. Gross lesions included mild to moderate emaciation and severely enlarged and mottled pale livers and spleens. Microscopically, there was multifocal necrosis of hepatocytes with infiltration of a mixed population of inflammatory cells, including lymphocytes, heterophils, plasma cells, and macrophages randomly scattered throughout in most birds. In several birds within the macrophages there were vacuoles containing basophilic small cocco-bacilli organisms measuring about 0.5-1 microm. The spleens had increased numbers of mononuclear phagocytic system cells, some of which had vacuoles that contained similar organisms, as observed in the liver. There was inflammation in the epicardium and endocardium, interstitium of the lungs, kidney, adrenal and thyroid glands, lamina propria of the intestine, and in occasional birds in the brain, bursa of Fabricius, and bone marrow associated with similar organisms in the macrophages. Transmission electron microscopy of the liver and lungs in most birds and in the thyroid glands of one bird revealed pleomorphic round to elongated bacteria measuring about 0.45 microm in diameter and more than 1.0 microm in length. Most of these organisms contained a peripheral zone of loosely arranged electron dense material that was located immediately beneath a trilaminar membrane. Occasional organisms contained nucleoids. This is the first documentation of disease presumptively associated with Coxiella-like bacteria in birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- H L Shivaprasad
- California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System, Fresno Branch, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Fresno, CA 93725, USA.
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47
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Obuekwe C, Al-Jadi Z, Al-Saleh E. Comparative hydrocarbon utilization by hydrophobic and hydrophilic variants ofPseudomonas aeruginosa. J Appl Microbiol 2008; 105:1876-87. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2008.03887.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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48
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Kiessling AA, Desmarais BM, Yin HZ, Loverde J, Eyre RC. Detection and identification of bacterial DNA in semen. Fertil Steril 2008; 90:1744-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2007.08.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2007] [Revised: 08/31/2007] [Accepted: 08/31/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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49
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Shannon BA, Cohen RJ, Garrett KL. Influence of 16S rDNA primer sequence mismatches on the spectrum of bacterial genera detected in prostate tissue by universal eubacterial PCR. Prostate 2008; 68:1487-91. [PMID: 18651564 DOI: 10.1002/pros.20822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Propionibacterium sp. and Staphylococcus spp. are the most frequent bacteria cultured from prostatectomy specimens but are seldom detected by universal eubacterial PCR. MATERIALS AND METHODS We obtained from GenBank representative 16S rRNA gene sequences from Propionibacterium sp., Staphylococcus spp. and from 34 bacterial genera that were recently detected in prostate tissues using universal eubacterial PCR. We compared these 16S rDNA sequences with the universal eubacterial 16S PCR primer sets chosen for detection of bacterial DNA in prostate tissues. RESULTS We show that failure to detect DNA from Propionibacterium sp. and Staphylococcus spp. in prostate tissues is strongly associated with the presence of mismatches near the 3' termini of the 16S rDNA primer sets used. CONCLUSIONS The choice of 16S PCR primers may play an important role in determining the spectrum of bacterial genera detected in prostate tissue by universal eubacterial PCR.
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Naber KG, Roscher K, Botto H, Schaefer V. Oral levofloxacin 500 mg once daily in the treatment of chronic bacterial prostatitis. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2008; 32:145-53. [PMID: 18571904 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2008.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2007] [Revised: 03/22/2008] [Accepted: 03/25/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to confirm further the efficacy and safety of levofloxacin in patients with chronic bacterial prostatitis (CBP) in Europe. Men with a history of CBP were enrolled in a prospective, multinational (eight countries), open-label study to receive levofloxacin 500 mg once daily per os (p.o.) for 28 days. Patients were followed for 6 months. A total of 117 patients were treated. Gram-negative bacteria were identified in 57/106 patients (mainly Escherichia coli (n=37)) and Gram-positive bacteria in 60/106 patients (mainly Enterococcus faecalis (n=18) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (n=14)). Among the intention-to-treat population (n=116), the clinical success rate (cured and improved patients) was 92% (95% confidence interval (CI) 84.8-96.5%), 77.4% (95% CI 68.2-84.9%), 66.0% (95% CI 56.2-75.0%) and 61.9% (95% CI 51.9-71.2%) at 5-12 days, 1 month, 3 months and 6 months post treatment. The microbiological eradication rate according to evaluation scheme II was 82/98 (83.7%, 95% CI 74.8-90.4%) at 1 month and the continued eradication rate was 52/57 (91.2%, 95% CI 80.7-97.1%) at 6 months post treatment. Comparison of four classification schemes showed similar results. Thus, the present investigation is suitably comparable in methods and results to previous studies. Levofloxacin was well tolerated. Four patients (3.4%) discontinued therapy due to adverse events and 15 patients (12.8%) experienced at least one adverse event. Levofloxacin 500 mg p.o. once daily for 28 days is clinically and microbiologically effective in the treatment of CBP caused by susceptible pathogens and is well tolerated.
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Affiliation(s)
- K G Naber
- Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
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