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Boudjella-Senhadji I, Bour M, Potron A, Lorme F, Belal-Khedim L, Razafimahefa H, Lecointe D. Cross-transmission of Acinetobacter junii carrying blaOXA-58 in a neonatal ICU. J Antimicrob Chemother 2024; 79:1910-1913. [PMID: 38958235 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkae180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nasal colonization of two preterm infants in our neonatal ICU by Acinetobacter junii carrying the blaOXA-58 carbapenem resistance gene was demonstrated. OBJECTIVES To study whether the two isolates were identical and to investigate the hypotheses of cross-transmission. METHODS Antibiotic susceptibility tests of the two isolates were performed by standard diffusion and the MICs of carbapenems determined by the MIC-gradient strip method. The blaOXA-58 gene was detected by PCR. Isolates were compared using SNP analysis performed after WGS. The timelines of the two cases were determined based on the investigations and the study of the patients' records. RESULTS The two isolates corresponded to the same strain, with case 1 being the index case, demonstrating cross-transmission to case 2. CONCLUSIONS Acquisition of the strain was likely due to the recent carbapenem treatment of case 1 and cross-transmission due to the high amount of care administered to the two preterm infants. This is the first description of cross-transmission of A. junii carrying the blaOXA-58 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Boudjella-Senhadji
- Service d'Hygiène, Prévention et Contrôle des Infections, Centre Hospitalier Sud Francilien, Corbeil-Essonnes, France
| | - M Bour
- Centre National de Référence de la Résistance aux Antibiotiques, CHU Jean Minjoz, Besançon, France
| | - A Potron
- Centre National de Référence de la Résistance aux Antibiotiques, CHU Jean Minjoz, Besançon, France
| | - F Lorme
- Service de Biologie Médicale, Centre Hospitalier Sud Francilien, Corbeil-Essonnes, France
| | - L Belal-Khedim
- Service d'Hygiène, Prévention et Contrôle des Infections, Centre Hospitalier Sud Francilien, Corbeil-Essonnes, France
| | - H Razafimahefa
- Service de Médecine et Réanimation Néonatales, Centre Hospitalier Sud Francilien, Corbeil-Essonnes, France
| | - D Lecointe
- Service d'Hygiène, Prévention et Contrôle des Infections, Centre Hospitalier Sud Francilien, Corbeil-Essonnes, France
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Krishnaraj A, Gupta P, Bhatia M, Omar BJ. Role of Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry for Species Identification of Acinetobacter Strains. J Lab Physicians 2023; 15:336-343. [PMID: 37564221 PMCID: PMC10411205 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1760401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Acinetobacter species has become a leading cause of nosocomial infections in recent years. Objectives The aim of the study was to establish the usefulness of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry (MS) for the identification of Acinetobacter species with respect to conventional biochemical methods and MicroScan WalkAway 96 Plus system and to compare the antibiotic susceptibility test results Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method with MicroScan WalkAway 96 Plus automated identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing system. Materials and Methods The study sample comprised 100 clinical isolates of Acinetobacter species. They were all identified using MALDI-TOF MS and compared with other two identification systems. Statistical Analysis Comparison of categorical variables by Fisher's exact test or Pearson's chi-square test was done. All statistical tools were two tailed, and a significant level p < 0.05 was used. All statistical tests were performed using SPSS v22.0 (Armonk IBM Corp., New York, United States). Cohen's kappa coefficients were also calculated and used as applicable. Results MALDI-TOF MS revealed 92 A. baumannii , 2 Acinetobacter nosocomialis , 3 Acinetobacter lwoffii , and 1 each was identified as Acinetobacter junii , Acinetobacter johnsonii , and Acinetobacter tandoii . There was moderate agreement between identification by MicroScan WalkAway and MALDI-TOF, and substantial agreement between conventional biochemical tests and MALDI-TOF. We found that there was a 100% categorical agreement with respect to susceptibility of aminoglycosides (amikacin, gentamicin, tobramycin) and cephalosporins (ceftazidime, cefepime, cefotaxime) between disk diffusion method and MicroScan WalkAway 96 Plus system. Total of 16 errors were observed. Conclusion Although MALDI-TOF MS could be useful to identify A. baumannii but not other species in the genus, it is a rapid, reliable method and can be routinely used in clinical laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anusha Krishnaraj
- Department of Microbiology, St John's Medical College, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Pratima Gupta
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Deoghar, Jharkhand, India
| | - Mohit Bhatia
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Deoghar, Jharkhand, India
| | - Balram Ji Omar
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Deoghar, Jharkhand, India
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Biodegradation of Oil by a Newly Isolated Strain Acinetobacter junii WCO-9 and Its Comparative Pan-Genome Analysis. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11020407. [PMID: 36838372 PMCID: PMC9967506 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11020407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Waste oil pollution and the treatment of oily waste present a challenge, and the exploitation of microbial resources is a safe and efficient method to resolve these problems. Lipase-producing microorganisms can directly degrade waste oil and promote the degradation of oily waste and, therefore, have very significant research and application value. The isolation of efficient oil-degrading strains is of great practical significance in research into microbial remediation in oil-contaminated environments and for the enrichment of the microbial lipase resource library. In this study, Acinetobacter junii WCO-9, an efficient oil-degrading bacterium, was isolated from an oil-contaminated soil using olive oil as the sole carbon source, and its enzyme activity of ρ-nitrophenyl decanoate (ρ-NPD) decomposition was 3000 U/L. The WCO-9 strain could degrade a variety of edible oils, and its degradation capability was significantly better than that of the control strain, A junii ATCC 17908. Comparative pan-genome and lipid degradation pathway analyses indicated that A. junii isolated from the same environment shared a similar set of core genes and that the species accumulated more specific genes that facilitated resistance to environmental stresses under different environmental conditions. WCO-9 has accumulated a complete set of oil metabolism genes under a long-term oil-contamination environment, and the compact arrangement of abundant lipase and lipase chaperones has further strengthened the ability of the strain to survive in such environments. This is the main reason why WCO-9 is able to degrade oil significantly more effectively than ATCC 17908. In addition, WCO-9 possesses a specific lipase that is not found in homologous strains. In summary, A. junii WCO-9, with a complete triglyceride degradation pathway and the specific lipase gene, has great potential in environmental remediation and lipase for industry.
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Reina JC, Pérez P, Llamas I. Quorum Quenching Strains Isolated from the Microbiota of Sea Anemones and Holothurians Attenuate Vibriocorallilyticus Virulence Factors and Reduce Mortality in Artemiasalina. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10030631. [PMID: 35336206 PMCID: PMC8950658 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10030631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Interference with quorum-sensing (QS) intercellular communication systems by the enzymatic disruption of N-acylhomoserine lactones (AHLs) in Gram-negative bacteria has become a promising strategy to fight bacterial infections. In this study, seven strains previously isolated from marine invertebrates and selected for their ability to degrade C6 and C10-HSL, were identified as Acinetobacter junii, Ruegeria atlantica, Microbulbifer echini, Reinheimera aquimaris, and Pseudomonas sihuiensis. AHL-degrading activity against a wide range of synthetic AHLs were identified by using an agar well diffusion assay and Agrobacterium tumefaciens NTL4 and Chromobacterium violaceum CV026 and VIR07 as biosensors. High-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) analysis indicated that this activity was not due to an AHL lactonase. All the strains degraded Vibrio coralliilyticus AHLs in coculture experiments, while some strains reduced or abolished the production of virulence factors. In vivo assays showed that strains M3-111 and M3-127 reduced this pathogen’s virulence and increased the survival rate of Artemia salina up to 3-fold, indicating its potential use for biotechnological purposes. To our knowledge, this is the first study to describe AHL-degrading activities in some of these marine species. These findings highlight that the microbiota associated with marine invertebrates constitute an important underexplored source of biological valuable compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Carlos Reina
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (J.C.R.); (P.P.)
| | - Pedro Pérez
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (J.C.R.); (P.P.)
| | - Inmaculada Llamas
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (J.C.R.); (P.P.)
- Biomedical Research Center (CIBM), Institute of Biotechnology, University of Granada, 18100 Granada, Spain
- Correspondence:
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Khim LP, Teng TZJ, Shelat VG. Acinetobacter junii Cholangitis with a Metallic Biliary Stent for Palliation of Klatskin Tumor. Surg Infect (Larchmt) 2022; 23:201-202. [PMID: 34668785 DOI: 10.1089/sur.2021.264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas Zheng Jie Teng
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, NTU, Singapore
- Department of General Surgery, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore
| | - Vishal G Shelat
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, NTU, Singapore
- Department of General Surgery, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore
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Kollimuttathuillam S, Bethel N, Shaaban H. A Case of Acinetobacter junii Cavitary Pneumonia With Bacteremia in a Patient With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Cureus 2021; 13:e19711. [PMID: 34976481 PMCID: PMC8681891 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.19711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacter genus includes multiple species, most notably A. baumanii that constitutes a common cause of nosocomial infections worldwide, particularly in patients with underlying immunodeficiency and risk factors (e.g., prior broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy, central venous catheter, mechanical ventilation). A. junii is a very rare human pathogen that is particularly associated with outbreaks of sepsis in immunocompromised neonates and pediatric oncology patients and rarely in immunocompromised adults. To our knowledge, this is the first case report of cavitary pneumonia with bacteremia secondary to A. junii in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).
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Salleh NA, Rosli FN, Akbar MA, Yusof A, Sahrani FK, Razak SA, Ahmad A, Usup G, Bunawan H. Pathogenic hitchhiker diversity on international ships' ballast water at West Malaysia port. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 172:112850. [PMID: 34391012 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates bacterial diversity and potential pathogens in the international ships' ballast water at Tanjung Pelepas Port, Malaysia, using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. Thirty-four bacterial phylum, 305 families, 577 genera, and 941 species were detected in eight ballast water samples of different origins. The similarity of the bacterial composition between samples was found to be random and not tied to geographical locations. The bacterial abundance did not seem to be affected by related physicochemical except for temperature. Ballast water samples with a temperature lower than 25 °C showed a relatively lower bacterial abundance. A total of 33 potential pathogens were detected from all ballast water samples. Pseudomonas spp., Tenacibaculum spp., Flavobacteriaceae spp., Halomonas spp., and Acinetobacter junii are the potential pathogens with more than 10% OTU prevalence. This study would provide beneficial information for further enhancing ballast water microorganism guidelines in Malaysia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nor Aishah Salleh
- Department of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, National University of Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Farah Nadiah Rosli
- Department of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, National University of Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Muhamad Afiq Akbar
- Department of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, National University of Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Aqilah Yusof
- Department of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, National University of Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Fathul Karim Sahrani
- Department of Earth Science and Environment, Faculty of Science and Technology, National University of Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Shairah Abdul Razak
- Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, National University of Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Asmat Ahmad
- Department of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, National University of Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Gires Usup
- Department of Earth Science and Environment, Faculty of Science and Technology, National University of Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hamidun Bunawan
- Institute of Systems Biology, National University of Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Dewi DAR, Thomas T, Ahmad Mokhtar AM, Mat Nanyan NS, Zulfigar SB, Salikin NH. Carbapenem Resistance among Marine Bacteria-An Emerging Threat to the Global Health Sector. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9102147. [PMID: 34683467 PMCID: PMC8537846 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9102147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of antibiotic resistance among pathogenic microorganisms is a major issue for global public health, as it results in acute or chronic infections, debilitating diseases, and mortality. Of particular concern is the rapid and common spread of carbapenem resistance in healthcare settings. Carbapenems are a class of critical antibiotics reserved for treatment against multidrug-resistant microorganisms, and resistance to this antibiotic may result in limited treatment against infections. In addition to in clinical facilities, carbapenem resistance has also been identified in aquatic niches, including marine environments. Various carbapenem-resistant genes (CRGs) have been detected in different marine settings, with the majority of the genes incorporated in mobile genetic elements, i.e., transposons or plasmids, which may contribute to efficient genetic transfer. This review highlights the potential of the marine environment as a reservoir for carbapenem resistance and provides a general overview of CRG transmission among marine microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dewa A.P. Rasmika Dewi
- School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, Narita 286-8686, Japan;
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Udayana University, Bali 80232, Indonesia
| | - Torsten Thomas
- Centre for Marine Science and Innovation, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia;
| | - Ana Masara Ahmad Mokhtar
- School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor 11800, Penang, Malaysia; (A.M.A.M.); (N.S.M.N.); (S.B.Z.)
| | - Noreen Suliani Mat Nanyan
- School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor 11800, Penang, Malaysia; (A.M.A.M.); (N.S.M.N.); (S.B.Z.)
| | - Siti Balqis Zulfigar
- School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor 11800, Penang, Malaysia; (A.M.A.M.); (N.S.M.N.); (S.B.Z.)
| | - Nor Hawani Salikin
- School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor 11800, Penang, Malaysia; (A.M.A.M.); (N.S.M.N.); (S.B.Z.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +60-4-653-2241
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Alfei S, Caviglia D, Piatti G, Zuccari G, Schito AM. Bactericidal Activity of a Self-Biodegradable Lysine-Containing Dendrimer against Clinical Isolates of Acinetobacter Genus. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7274. [PMID: 34298891 PMCID: PMC8306826 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The genus Acinetobacter consists of Gram-negative obligate aerobic pathogens, including clinically relevant species, such as A. baumannii, which frequently cause hospital infections, affecting debilitated patients. The growing resistance to antimicrobial therapies shown by A. baumannii is reaching unacceptable levels in clinical practice, and there is growing concern that the serious conditions it causes may soon become incurable. New therapeutic possibilities are, therefore, urgently needed to circumvent this important problem. Synthetic cationic macromolecules, such as cationic antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), which act as membrane disrupters, could find application in these conditions. A lysine-modified cationic polyester-based dendrimer (G5-PDK), capable of electrostatically interacting with bacterial surfaces as AMPs do, has been synthesized and characterized here. Given its chemical structure, similar to that of a fifth-generation lysine containing dendrimer (G5K) with a different core, and previously found inactive against Gram-positive bacterial species and Enterobacteriaceae, the new G5-PDK was also ineffective on the species mentioned above. In contrast, it showed minimum inhibitory concentration values (MICs) lower than reported for several AMPs and other synthetic cationic compounds on Acinetobacter genus (3.2-12.7 µM). Time-kill experiments on A. baumannii, A. pittii, and A. ursingii ascertained the rapid bactericidal effects of G5-PDK, while subsequent bacterial regrowth supported its self-biodegradability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvana Alfei
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano, 16148 Genoa, Italy;
| | - Debora Caviglia
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (DISC), University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 6, 16132 Genova, Italy; (D.C.); (G.P.); (A.M.S.)
| | - Gabriella Piatti
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (DISC), University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 6, 16132 Genova, Italy; (D.C.); (G.P.); (A.M.S.)
| | - Guendalina Zuccari
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano, 16148 Genoa, Italy;
| | - Anna Maria Schito
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (DISC), University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 6, 16132 Genova, Italy; (D.C.); (G.P.); (A.M.S.)
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Gokulan K, Kumar A, Lahiani MH, Sutherland VL, Cerniglia CE, Khare S. Differential Toxicological Outcome of Corn Oil Exposure in Rats and Mice as Assessed by Microbial Composition, Epithelial Permeability, and Ileal Mucosa-Associated Immune Status. Toxicol Sci 2021; 180:89-102. [PMID: 33263755 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfaa177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies to evaluate the toxicity of xenobiotics on the human gut microbiome and related health effects require a diligent selection of (1) an appropriate animal model to facilitate toxicity assessment in predicting human exposure, and (2) an appropriate non-interfering vehicle for the administration of water insoluble compounds. In biomedical studies with water insoluble xenobiotics, corn oil is one of the most commonly used nonaqueous vehicles. This study evaluated the suitability of corn oil as a vehicle in adult female Sprague Dawley rats and adult CD-1 mice; the rodent models that are often utilized in toxicological studies. We studied the host response in terms of change in the intestinal microbiome and mRNA expression of intestinal permeability and immune response-related genes when water (control) and corn oil (2 ml/kg) were administered as a vehicle through oral gavage. The results showed that the use of corn oil as a vehicle has no adverse impact in rats for either the immune response or the intestinal microbial population. On the other hand, mice treated with corn oil showed changes in bacterial community adhered to the ileum, as well as changes in the mRNA expression of intestinal permeability-related and ileal mucosa-associated immune response genes. Overall, results of this study suggest that the type of rodent species and vehicle used in toxicological risk assessments of xenobiotics studies should be taken into consideration in the experimental setup and study design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuppan Gokulan
- Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA
| | - Amit Kumar
- Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA
| | - Mohamed H Lahiani
- Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA
| | - Vicki L Sutherland
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institute of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA
| | - Carl E Cerniglia
- Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA
| | - Sangeeta Khare
- Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA
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Kaur R, Singh D, Kesavan AK, Kaur R. Molecular characterization and antimicrobial susceptibility of bacterial isolates present in tap water of public toilets. Int Health 2020; 12:472-483. [PMID: 31693132 PMCID: PMC7443727 DOI: 10.1093/inthealth/ihz074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study was carried out to investigate the tap water quality of public toilets in Amritsar, Punjab, India. METHODS Water samples from the taps of the public toilets were collected in sterile containers and physicochemical and bacteriological analysis was performed using standard methods. Also, genotypic and phenotypic characterization of the bacterial isolates was performed using different biochemical tests and 16S ribosomal RNA analysis. An antibiotic susceptibility test was performed using antibiotics based on their mode of action. A biofilm assay was performed to assess the adhesion potential of the isolates. RESULTS A total of 25 bacterial isolates were identified from the water samples, including Acinetobacter junii, Acinetobacter pittii, Acinetobacter haemolyticus, Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus marisflavi, Bacillus flexus, Bacillus oceanisediminis, Pseudomonas otitidis, Pseudomonas sp. RR013, Pseudomonas sp. RR021, Pseudomonas sp. RR022, Escherichia coli and Enterobacter cloacae. The results of the antimicrobial susceptibility test revealed that the antibiotics cefodroxil, aztreonam, nitrofurantoin, cefepime, ceftazidime and amoxyclav were found to be mostly ineffective against various isolates. The biofilm assay revealed the weak, moderate and strong biofilm producers among them. CONCLUSIONS The tap water in the public toilets was microbially contaminated and needs to be monitored carefully. The antibiotic susceptibility profile showed that of 25 bacterial isolates, 5 were multidrug resistant. Bacterial isolates exhibited strong to weak adhesion potential in the biofilm assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajanbir Kaur
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005, India
| | - Drishtant Singh
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005, India
| | - Anup Kumar Kesavan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005, India
| | - Rajinder Kaur
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005, India
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Mokhtar AS, Ling Lau Y, Wilson JJ, Abdul-Aziz NM. Genetic Diversity of Pediculus humanus capitis (Phthiraptera: Pediculidae) in Peninsular Malaysia and Molecular Detection of Its Potential Associated Pathogens. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2020; 57:915-926. [PMID: 31828310 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjz234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Pediculosis capitis caused by Pediculus humanus capitis (De Geer) is endemic all over the world, and children are mostly affected, particularly those living in overcrowded institutions. Several studies have shown that P. h. capitis carried human pathogenic bacteria, suggesting the potential role of head lice in the transmission of pathogens to humans. In this study, we determined the genetic diversity of head lice collected from welfare homes sheltering underprivileged children by using DNA barcoding and demonstrated the presence of Acinetobacter spp., Serratia marcescens, and Staphylococcus aureus in head lice, which have never been investigated before in Malaysia. Cox1 DNA barcoding identified the head lice, P. h. capitis collected from welfare homes across two geographical areas of Peninsular Malaysia as belonging to clades A, B, and D. Acinetobacter bacteria: Acinetobacter guillouiae, Acinetobacter junii, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Acinetobacter nosocomialis were detected in head lice belonging to clades A and also D. In addition, DNA from S. marcescens and S. aureus were also detected in both clades A and D. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the genetic diversity of head lice in Malaysia through DNA barcoding, as well as the first to provide molecular evidence on the type of bacteria occurring in head lice in Malaysia. It is anticipated that the DNA barcoding technique used in this study will be able to provide rapid and accurate identification of arthropods, in particular, medically important ectoparasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Syafinaz Mokhtar
- Malaysian Life Science Accelerator, UM Centre of Innovation and Commercialization, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yee Ling Lau
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - John-James Wilson
- International College Beijing, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P.R. China
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Singh RI, Bhatia M, Anusha KR, Singh V, Omar BJ, Gupta P. Comparative evaluation of microscan walkaway 96 plus ID/AST system and mikrolatest broth microdilution kit in assessing In vitro colistin susceptibility of carbapenem-resistant clinical gram-negative bacterial isolates: Experience from a tertiary care teaching hospital in Rishikesh, Uttarakhand. Indian J Med Microbiol 2019; 37:502-508. [PMID: 32436871 DOI: 10.4103/ijmm.ijmm_19_437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Context As reports on colistin resistance are slowly emerging from different parts of the world, it is imperative that the clinical microbiology laboratories should generate accurate in vitro colistin susceptibility results. Aim The aim is to generate preliminary data on the diagnostic utility of MicroScan WalkAway 96 Plus Identification ID/ Antimicrobial susceptibility testing AST system in determining in vitro colistin susceptibility of carbapenem-resistant clinical Gram-negative bacterial isolates. Settings and Design A pilot study was conducted in a tertiary care teaching hospital located in Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, between May and June 2019. Materials and Methods Thirty-four carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter spp. isolated from various non-repetitive clinical samples during the study period, were subjected to antibiotic susceptibility testing using MicroScan ID/AST system. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry was used to confirm identity of these isolates. Additional colistin susceptibility testing of all test isolates was performed using Mikrolatest minimum inhibitory concentration antibiotic susceptibility testing kit (reference method), which is based on broth micro dilution (BMD) principle. Statistical Analysis Used Fisher's exact test. Results 11.8% (4/34) of the test isolates (100% [2/2] Acinetobacter junii, 10% [1/10] E. coli and 14.3% [1/7] P. aeruginosa respectively) exhibited in vitro colistin resistance by BMD method. Categorical agreement between MicroScan ID/AST system and Mikrolatest kit w. r. t in vitro colistin susceptibility test results was as follows: 71.4% (Acinetobacter baumannii), 85.7% (P. aeruginosa) and 100% (A. junii, A. johnsonii, E. coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae), respectively. Two major errors (MEs) for A. baumannii and one very ME for P. aeruginosa respectively were observed. Conclusions Data generated by this study will be of help to the clinicians who are often faced with the dilemma of treating multi drug resistant infections with limited treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Indrapal Singh
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Mohit Bhatia
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India, IndiaIndia
| | - K R Anusha
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India, IndiaIndia
| | - Vanya Singh
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India, IndiaIndia
| | - Balram Ji Omar
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India, IndiaIndia
| | - Pratima Gupta
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India, IndiaIndia
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Hamner S, Brown BL, Hasan NA, Franklin MJ, Doyle J, Eggers MJ, Colwell RR, Ford TE. Metagenomic Profiling of Microbial Pathogens in the Little Bighorn River, Montana. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16071097. [PMID: 30934749 PMCID: PMC6479903 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16071097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The Little Bighorn River is the primary source of water for water treatment plants serving the local Crow Agency population, and has special significance in the spiritual and ceremonial life of the Crow tribe. Unfortunately, the watershed suffers from impaired water quality, with high counts of fecal coliform bacteria routinely measured during run-off events. A metagenomic analysis was carried out to identify potential pathogens in the river water. The Oxford Nanopore MinION platform was used to sequence DNA in near real time to identify both uncultured and a coliform-enriched culture of microbes collected from a popular summer swimming area of the Little Bighorn River. Sequences were analyzed using CosmosID bioinformatics and, in agreement with previous studies, enterohemorrhagic and enteropathogenic Escherichia coli and other E. coli pathotypes were identified. Noteworthy was detection and identification of enteroaggregative E. coli O104:H4 and Vibrio cholerae serotype O1 El Tor, however, cholera toxin genes were not identified. Other pathogenic microbes, as well as virulence genes and antimicrobial resistance markers, were also identified and characterized by metagenomic analyses. It is concluded that metagenomics provides a useful and potentially routine tool for identifying in an in-depth manner microbial contamination of waterways and, thereby, protecting public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve Hamner
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health & Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA 2 Department of Microbiology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA.
- Department of Microbiology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA.
| | - Bonnie L Brown
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA.
| | - Nur A Hasan
- CosmosID Inc., 1600 East Gude Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA.
- Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
| | - Michael J Franklin
- Department of Microbiology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA.
- Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA.
| | - John Doyle
- Crow Water Quality Project, Crow Agency, Little Big Horn College, MT 59022, USA.
- Crow Environmental Health Steering Committee, Crow Agency, Little Big Horn College, MT 59022, USA.
| | - Margaret J Eggers
- Department of Microbiology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA.
- Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA.
- Crow Environmental Health Steering Committee, Crow Agency, Little Big Horn College, MT 59022, USA.
| | - Rita R Colwell
- CosmosID Inc., 1600 East Gude Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA.
- Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
| | - Timothy E Ford
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health & Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA 2 Department of Microbiology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA.
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15
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Wang B, Tan X, Du R, Zhao F, Zhang L, Han Y, Zhou Z. Bacterial composition of biofilms formed on dairy-processing equipment. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2019; 49:477-484. [DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2019.1587623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Binbin Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Xiqian Tan
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Renpeng Du
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Fangkun Zhao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Lixia Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Ye Han
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Zhijiang Zhou
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, PR China
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16
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Draft Genome Sequence and Annotation of Acinetobacter junii MHI21018, Isolated from Bovine Colostrum. Microbiol Resour Announc 2019; 8:MRA01700-18. [PMID: 30863829 PMCID: PMC6406119 DOI: 10.1128/mra.01700-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We report here the draft genome sequence of Acinetobacter junii MHI21018, isolated in 2009 from bovine colostrum. The draft genome sequence is composed of 3,267,995 bp, has a GC content of 38.54%, and was assembled into 114 contigs (contig size, >500 bp) with an N 50 value of 72,566 bp.
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17
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Physico-Chemical Characterization, Fatty Acid Constituents, and Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activities of Kleinhovia hospita Seed Oil. Chem Nat Compd 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10600-019-02621-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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18
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An Increase of Abundance and Transcriptional Activity for Acinetobacter junii Post Wastewater Treatment. WATER 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/w10040436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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19
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Archibald LK, Khoi NN, Jarvis WR, Reller LB, Cam PD, Thu TA, Hung NV. Pyrogenic Reactions in Hemodialysis Patients, Hanoi, Vietnam. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2016; 27:424-6. [PMID: 16622825 DOI: 10.1086/503347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2004] [Accepted: 03/21/2005] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Of 33,111 patients admitted to a large hospital in Vietnam from November 2000 through July 2001, a total of 303 were undergoing hemodialysis and had pyrogenic reactions (ie, fever and/or rigors). Ten case patients (3.3%) had documented bacteremia; pathogens were largely waterborne microorganisms. Pyrogenic reactions in case patients might have occurred because of suboptimal water quality or inadequate dialyzer reprocessing procedures.
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20
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Montaña S, Cittadini R, Del Castillo M, Uong S, Lazzaro T, Almuzara M, Barberis C, Vay C, Ramírez MS. Presence of New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase gene (NDM-1) in a clinical isolate of Acinetobacter junii in Argentina. New Microbes New Infect 2016; 11:43-4. [PMID: 27257491 PMCID: PMC4877398 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2016.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Revised: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S Montaña
- Instituto de Microbiología y Parasitología Médica (IMPaM, UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - R Cittadini
- Sanatorio Mater Dei, Ciudad Autonoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M Del Castillo
- Sanatorio Mater Dei, Ciudad Autonoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - S Uong
- Center for Applied Biotechnology Studies, Department of Biological Science, California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, CA, USA
| | - T Lazzaro
- Center for Applied Biotechnology Studies, Department of Biological Science, California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, CA, USA
| | - M Almuzara
- Laboratorio de Bacteriología, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Hospital de Clínicas José de San Martín, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - C Barberis
- Laboratorio de Bacteriología, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Hospital de Clínicas José de San Martín, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - C Vay
- Sanatorio Mater Dei, Ciudad Autonoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Laboratorio de Bacteriología, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Hospital de Clínicas José de San Martín, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M S Ramírez
- Center for Applied Biotechnology Studies, Department of Biological Science, California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, CA, USA
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21
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Reduced transmission of human schistosomiasis after restoration of a native river prawn that preys on the snail intermediate host. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015. [PMID: 26195752 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1502651112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Eliminating human parasitic disease often requires interrupting complex transmission pathways. Even when drugs to treat people are available, disease control can be difficult if the parasite can persist in nonhuman hosts. Here, we show that restoration of a natural predator of a parasite's intermediate hosts may enhance drug-based schistosomiasis control. Our study site was the Senegal River Basin, where villagers suffered a massive outbreak and persistent epidemic after the 1986 completion of the Diama Dam. The dam blocked the annual migration of native river prawns (Macrobrachium vollenhoveni) that are voracious predators of the snail intermediate hosts for schistosomiasis. We tested schistosomiasis control by reintroduced river prawns in a before-after-control-impact field experiment that tracked parasitism in snails and people at two matched villages after prawns were stocked at one village's river access point. The abundance of infected snails was 80% lower at that village, presumably because prawn predation reduced the abundance and average life span of latently infected snails. As expected from a reduction in infected snails, human schistosomiasis prevalence was 18 ± 5% lower and egg burden was 50 ± 8% lower at the prawn-stocking village compared with the control village. In a mathematical model of the system, stocking prawns, coupled with infrequent mass drug treatment, eliminates schistosomiasis from high-transmission sites. We conclude that restoring river prawns could be a novel contribution to controlling, or eliminating, schistosomiasis.
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22
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Maslunka C, Gürtler V, Seviour R. The impact of horizontal gene transfer on targeting the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) to identify Acinetobacter junii
strains. J Appl Microbiol 2015; 118:1435-43. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.12800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Revised: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Maslunka
- Biotechnology Research Centre; La Trobe University; Bendigo Vic. Australia
| | - V. Gürtler
- School of Applied Science; RMIT University; Bundoora Vic. Australia
| | - R.J. Seviour
- Biotechnology Research Centre; La Trobe University; Bendigo Vic. Australia
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23
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Broniek G, Langwińska-Wośko E, Szaflik J, Wróblewska M. Acinetobacter junii as an aetiological agent of corneal ulcer. Infection 2014; 42:1051-3. [PMID: 25056128 PMCID: PMC4226924 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-014-0647-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Rods of the Acinetobacter genus are present mainly in the external environment (e.g. water, soil) and in animals, while in humans they may comprise physiological flora. The main pathogenic species is Acinetobacter baumannii complex, which constitutes a common cause of nosocomial infections, particularly in patients with underlying diseases and risk factors (e.g. prior broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy, malignancy, central venous catheter, mechanical ventilation); however, infections of the eye caused by strains of Acinetobacter spp. are very rare. We report a unique case of community-acquired corneal ulcer caused by Acinetobacter non-baumannii (possibly A. junii), in a patient with no risk factors identified. The case highlights the need for obtaining a sample from the cornea for bacteriological culture in the case of suspected ophthalmic infection as identification of the pathogen, and assessment of its susceptibility profile enables proper antibiotic therapy, improves the outcome and may constitute an eyesight-saving management.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Broniek
- Clinical Ophthalmological Hospital, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - E. Langwińska-Wośko
- Clinical Ophthalmological Hospital, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- Chair and Department of Ophthalmology, IInd Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - J. Szaflik
- Clinical Ophthalmological Hospital, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- Chair and Department of Ophthalmology, IInd Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - M. Wróblewska
- Clinical Ophthalmological Hospital, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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24
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First report of blaNDM and blaOXA-58 coexistence in Acinetobacter junii. J Clin Microbiol 2014; 52:3492-3. [PMID: 24951805 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01152-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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25
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Tsai HY, Cheng A, Liu CY, Huang YT, Lee YC, Liao CH, Hsueh PR. Bacteremia caused by Acinetobacter junii at a medical center in Taiwan, 2000-2010. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2012; 31:2737-43. [PMID: 22562410 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-012-1622-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2012] [Accepted: 03/30/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the clinical characteristics and outcomes of 43 patients with Acinetobacter junii bacteremia at a 2,500-bed tertiary care center in northern Taiwan. These organisms were confirmed to the species level by an array assay and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. The antimicrobial susceptibilities of the 43 A. junii isolates to 13 agents were determined using the agar dilution method. Susceptibility testing for tigecycline was determined using the broth microdilution method. Most of the patients were hospital-acquired (n = 36, 83.7 %) or healthcare facility-related infections (n = 6, 13.9 %), and 55.8 % had impaired immunity. Central venous access devices were present in 35 (81.4 %) patients; among the total of 43 patients with A. junii bacteremia, 8 patients were diagnosed as catheter-related bloodstream infection and 19 patients were diagnosed as catheter-associated bloodstream infection. Shock requiring inotropic agents occurred in 2 patients (4.6 %). Most patients developed bacteremia in general wards (n = 36, 83.7 %). The overall in-hospital mortality rate was low (7 %), despite the low rate of removal of central venous devices, low rate of holding usage of original central venous devices, and high rate of inappropriate antimicrobial regimens. Carbapenems, fluoroquinolones, and amikacin had potent activity (>95 % susceptible rate) against A. junii isolates. Interestingly, 35 % of the A. junii isolates were resistant to colistin. Tigecycline exhibited low minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values (range, 0.06-2 μg/ml, MIC(90), 1 μg/ml) against the A. junii isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- H-Y Tsai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
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26
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Bhargava N, Sharma P, Capalash N. Quorum sensing in Acinetobacter: an emerging pathogen. Crit Rev Microbiol 2010; 36:349-60. [PMID: 20846031 DOI: 10.3109/1040841x.2010.512269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Acinetobacter is emerging as one of the major nosocomial infectious pathogens, facilitated by tolerance to desiccation and multidrug resistance. Quorum sensing (autoinducer-receptor mechanism) plays role in biofilm formation in Acinetobacter, though its role in regulation of other virulence factors is yet to be established. Phylogenetic studies indicate that Acinetobacter baumannii is closely related to Burkholderia ambifaria but its quorum sensing genes (abaI and abaR) were acquired horizontally from Halothiobacillus neapolitanus. The prospects of quorum quenching to control the infections caused by Acinetobacter have also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Bhargava
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
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27
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Leonidou L, Gogos CA. Catheter-related bloodstream infections: catheter management according to pathogen. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2010; 36 Suppl 2:S26-32. [PMID: 21129929 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2010.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Central-line access is an essential part of modern healthcare practice; however, catheter-related bloodstream infection is a major problem that causes substantial morbidity and mortality, and excess length of stay and cost. The risk of infection depends on the type of device, the site of insertion, the underlying conditions and the appropriate prevention measures taken during catheter insertion. Management of catheter-related bloodstream infection involves deciding on catheter removal, antimicrobial catheter lock solution and the type and duration of systemic antimicrobial therapy. Systemic antimicrobial use is essential but, although generally effective in controlling sepsis, it often fails to sterilise the line, increasing the incidence of complications or recurrence. The decision regarding whether the catheter should be removed or retained is therefore crucial. One of the major factors to be considered is the type of organism involved in the catheter-related infection. This review outlines the epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, microbiology and management of catheter-related infections, mainly focusing on the management of the intravascular device according to the pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonidia Leonidou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Patras University Medical School, Patras, Greece
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28
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Cayô R, Yañez San Segundo L, Pérez Del Molino Bernal IC, García de la Fuente C, Bermúdez Rodríguez MA, Calvo J, Martínez-Martínez L. Bloodstream infection caused by Acinetobacter junii in a patient with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia after allogenic haematopoietic cell transplantation. J Med Microbiol 2010; 60:375-377. [PMID: 21109630 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.024596-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacter junii is a rare human pathogen associated with bacteraemia in neonates and paediatric oncology patients. We present a case of A. junii causing bacteraemia in an adult transplant patient with leukaemia. The correct identification of Acinetobacter species can highlight the clinical significance of the different species of this genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Cayô
- Service of Microbiology, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla - HUMV, Avda de Valdecilla s/n, 39008 Santander, Spain
| | - Lucrecia Yañez San Segundo
- Medicine and Psychiatry Department, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Avda Herrera Oria s/n, 39011 Santander, Spain.,Service of Haematology, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla - HUMV, Avda de Valdecilla s/n, 39008 Santander, Spain
| | | | - Celia García de la Fuente
- Service of Microbiology, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla - HUMV, Avda de Valdecilla s/n, 39008 Santander, Spain
| | - Maria Aranzazu Bermúdez Rodríguez
- Medicine and Psychiatry Department, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Avda Herrera Oria s/n, 39011 Santander, Spain.,Service of Haematology, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla - HUMV, Avda de Valdecilla s/n, 39008 Santander, Spain
| | - Jorge Calvo
- Service of Microbiology, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla - HUMV, Avda de Valdecilla s/n, 39008 Santander, Spain
| | - Luis Martínez-Martínez
- Molecular Biology Department, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Avda Herrera Oria s/n, 39011 Santander, Spain.,Service of Microbiology, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla - HUMV, Avda de Valdecilla s/n, 39008 Santander, Spain
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29
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Scott BA, Pepper IL. Water distribution systems as living ecosystems: impact on taste and odor. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2010; 45:890-900. [PMID: 20432105 DOI: 10.1080/10934521003709115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Six waters from different U.S. cities with known diverse taste and odor (TO) evaluations were selected for additional microbial characterization. All waters were subjected to microbial and cultural analyses, and four of the waters were further analyzed by cloning and sequencing of community 16S rRNA. The purpose of the study was to evaluate water distribution systems as living ecosystems, and the impact of these ecosystems on TO. All waters had total bacterial counts of at least 10(3) per ml. The water with lowest TO ranking had 10(6) total counts per ml. Community DNA sequence analysis identified diverse bacterial communities representing five different phyla and over forty genera. Included in this diversity were heterotrophic and autotrophic species that were both aerobic or anaerobic. Additionally, waters with the lowest TO evaluations contained significant sulfide concentrations, as well as bacteria associated with both the oxidation and reduction of inorganic sulfur compounds. Low redox conditions could have resulted in the reduced sulfur compounds and concomitant TO related problems, and an increase in redox could help alleviate these problems. Overall, data show that water distribution systems contain living ecosystems that evolve based on specific environments within particular distribution systems that impact water TO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth A Scott
- Environmental Research Laboratory, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
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30
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Kiessling AA, Desmarais BM, Yin HZ, Loverde J, Eyre RC. Detection and identification of bacterial DNA in semen. Fertil Steril 2008; 90:1744-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2007.08.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2007] [Revised: 08/31/2007] [Accepted: 08/31/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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31
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Larsen MKS, Thomsen TR, Moser C, Høiby N, Nielsen PH. Use of cultivation-dependent and -independent techniques to assess contamination of central venous catheters: a pilot study. BMC Clin Pathol 2008; 8:10. [PMID: 18954471 PMCID: PMC2605442 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6890-8-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2008] [Accepted: 10/28/2008] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Catheters are the most common cause of nosocomial infections and are associated with increased risk of mortality, length of hospital stay and cost. Prevention of infections and fast and correct diagnosis is highly important. Methods In this study traditional semiquantitative culture-dependent methods for diagnosis of bacteria involved in central venous catheter-related infections as described by Maki were compared with the following culture-independent molecular biological methods: Clone libraries, denaturant gradient gel electrophoresis, phylogeny and fluorescence in situ hybridization. Results In accordance with previous studies, the cultivation of central venous catheters from 18 patients revealed that S. epidermidis and other coagulase-negative staphylococci were most abundant and that a few other microorganisms such as P. aeruginosa and K. pneumoniae occasionally were found on the catheters. The molecular analysis using clone libraries and sequencing, denaturant gradient gel electrophoresis and sequencing provided several important results. The species found by cultivation were confirmed by molecular methods. However, many other bacteria belonging to the phyla Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes were also found, stressing that only a minor portion of the species present were found by cultivation. Some of these bacteria are known to be pathogens, some have not before been described in relation to human health, and some were not closely related to known pathogens and may represent new pathogenic species. Furthermore, there was a clear difference between the bacterial species found in biofilm on the external (exluminal) and internal (luminal) side of the central venous catheter, which can not be detected by Maki's method. Polymicrobial biofilms were observed on most of the catheters and were much more common than the cultivation-dependent methods indicated. Conclusion The results show that diagnosis based on molecular methods improves the detection of microorganisms involved in central catheter-related infections. The importance of these microorganisms needs to be investigated further, also in relation to contamination risk from improper catheter handling, as only in vivo contaminants are of interest. This information can be used for development of fast and more reliable diagnostic tools, which can be used in combination with traditional methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mette K S Larsen
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry, and Environmental Engineering, Aalborg University, Sohngaardsholmsvej 49, DK-9000 Aalborg, Denmark.
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Rodriguez-Baño J, Martí S, Ribera A, Fernández-Cuenca F, Dijkshoorn L, Nemec A, Pujol M, Vila J. Nosocomial bacteremia due to an as yet unclassified acinetobacter genomic species 17-like strain. J Clin Microbiol 2006; 44:1587-9. [PMID: 16597902 PMCID: PMC1448640 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.44.4.1587-1589.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe a case of bacteremia due to an as yet unclassified Acinetobacter genomic species 17-like strain. The recognition of this microorganism as non-Acinetobacter baumannii may have important epidemiological implications, as it relieves the hospital of the implementation of barrier precautions for patients infected or colonized as may be necessary with a multiresistant A. baumannii epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Rodriguez-Baño
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, Villarroel, 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
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Dortet L, Legrand P, Soussy CJ, Cattoir V. Bacterial identification, clinical significance, and antimicrobial susceptibilities of Acinetobacter ursingii and Acinetobacter schindleri, two frequently misidentified opportunistic pathogens. J Clin Microbiol 2006; 44:4471-8. [PMID: 17050816 PMCID: PMC1698419 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01535-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The species belonging to the Acinetobacter genus are currently reported as opportunistic pathogens in hospitalized patients with underlying predispositions. However, except for the Acinetobacter calcoaceticus-Acinetobacter baumannii complex, the identification of other species is frequently unreliable, especially for Acinetobacter ursingii and Acinetobacter schindleri, newly described in 2001. Thus, the clinical significance, phenotypic features, and antimicrobial susceptibilities of these two misidentified species remain unclear. Of 456 Acinetobacter sp. clinical strains isolated from 2002 to 2005 in Henri Mondor Hospital, 15 isolates (10 A. ursingii and 5 A. schindleri isolates) were studied. They were characterized using a phenotypic approach (API 20 NE and VITEK 2 systems), 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and susceptibility to antimicrobial agents with evaluation of impact in clinical relevance. The two corresponding type strains were also included for comparison. All isolates were identified to the species level using molecular tools, whereas the phenotypic methods remained unreliable due to the absence of these two species in the manufacturers' databases. However, the API 20 NE system appeared to be a reasonably reliable phenotypic alternative for the identification of A. ursingii when the numerical code 0000071 was found. Conversely, no discriminative phenotypic alternative existed for A. schindleri isolates. Concerning antimicrobial susceptibility, A. ursingii strains appeared to be more resistant to antibiotics than A. schindleri strains, which could imply therapeutic consequences. Finally, the prevalence of infections caused by A. ursingii and A. schindleri (representing 9.7% and 4.8% of non-A. calcoaceticus-A. baumannii complex strains, respectively) seems to be underestimated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Dortet
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie-Virologie-Hygiène, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Henri Mondor, 94010 Créteil Cedex, France
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Ecker JA, Massire C, Hall TA, Ranken R, Pennella TTD, Agasino Ivy C, Blyn LB, Hofstadler SA, Endy TP, Scott PT, Lindler L, Hamilton T, Gaddy C, Snow K, Pe M, Fishbain J, Craft D, Deye G, Riddell S, Milstrey E, Petruccelli B, Brisse S, Harpin V, Schink A, Ecker DJ, Sampath R, Eshoo MW. Identification of Acinetobacter species and genotyping of Acinetobacter baumannii by multilocus PCR and mass spectrometry. J Clin Microbiol 2006; 44:2921-32. [PMID: 16891513 PMCID: PMC1594644 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00619-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2006] [Revised: 05/11/2006] [Accepted: 05/26/2006] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the genus Acinetobacter are ubiquitous in soil and water and are an important cause of nosocomial infections. A rapid method is needed to genotype Acinetobacter isolates to determine epidemiology and clonality during infectious outbreaks. Multilocus PCR followed by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (PCR/ESI-MS) is a method that uses the amplicon base compositions to genotype bacterial species. In order to identify regions of the Acinetobacter genome useful for this method, we sequenced regions of six housekeeping genes (trpE, adk, efp, mutY, fumC, and ppa) from 267 isolates of Acinetobacter. Isolates were collected from infected and colonized soldiers and civilians involved in an outbreak in the military health care system associated with the conflict in Iraq, from previously characterized outbreaks in European hospitals, and from culture collections. Most of the isolates from the Iraqi conflict were Acinetobacter baumannii (189 of 216 isolates). Among these, 111 isolates had genotypes identical or very similar to those associated with well-characterized A. baumannii isolates from European hospitals. Twenty-seven isolates from the conflict were found to have genotypes representing different Acinetobacter species, including 8 representatives of Acinetobacter genomospecies 13TU and 13 representatives of Acinetobacter genomospecies 3. Analysis by the PCR/ESI-MS method using nine primer pairs targeting the most information-rich regions of the trpE, adk, mutY, fumC, and ppa genes distinguished 47 of the 48 A. baumannii genotypes identified by sequencing and identified at the species level at least 18 Acinetobacter species. Results obtained with our genotyping method were essentially in agreement with those obtained by pulse-field gel electrophoresis analysis. The PCR/ESI-MS genotyping method required 4 h of analysis time to first answer with additional samples subsequently analyzed every 10 min. This rapid analysis allows tracking of transmission for the implementation of appropriate infection control measures on a time scale previously not achievable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph A Ecker
- Ibis Biosciences, Isis Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 1891 Rutherford Road, Carlsbad, CA 92008, USA
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Pavlovsky M, Press J, Peled N, Yagupsky P. Blood culture contamination in pediatric patients: young children and young doctors. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2006; 25:611-4. [PMID: 16804431 DOI: 10.1097/01.inf.0000220228.01382.88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to assess the role played by the patient's age and physician's experience in determining the contamination rate of pediatric blood cultures. METHODS The proportion of true-positive (isolation of a pathogen) and false-positive (isolation of a contaminant) results among blood cultures obtained by in-training physicians and experienced pediatricians from young children (aged 1-35 months) and older children (>or=36 months of age) and the value of a positive blood culture to predict a true-positive result were retrospectively determined. RESULTS The odds of a positive blood culture to predict isolation of a true-pathogen was 0.366 only when the sample was obtained by an inexperienced physician and 0.523 when it was drawn by an experienced physician (P < 0.001), 0.419 when it was obtained from a young child and 0.429 when it was drawn from an older child (P = 0.781). The predictive value of a positive result for isolating a pathogen was significant higher when an experienced physician drew the blood culture regardless of the patient's age. CONCLUSIONS Patient's young age and lack of experience of the physician who draws the specimen increase the risk of blood culture contamination. These results strengthen the need to improve the technical skills of young physicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mor Pavlovsky
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Soroka University Medical Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
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Fenollar F, Roux V, Stein A, Drancourt M, Raoult D. Analysis of 525 samples to determine the usefulness of PCR amplification and sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene for diagnosis of bone and joint infections. J Clin Microbiol 2006; 44:1018-28. [PMID: 16517890 PMCID: PMC1393109 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.44.3.1018-1028.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The 16S rRNA gene PCR in the diagnosis of bone and joint infections has not been systematically tested. Five hundred twenty-five bone and joint samples collected from 525 patients were cultured and submitted to 16S rRNA gene PCR detection of bacteria in parallel. The amplicons with mixed sequences were also cloned. When discordant results were observed, culture and PCR were performed once again. Bacteria were detected in 139 of 525 samples. Culture and 16S rRNA gene PCR yielded identical documentation in 475 samples. Discrepancies were linked to 13 false-positive culture results, 5 false-positive PCR results, 9 false-negative PCR results, 16 false-negative culture results, and 7 mixed infections. Cloning and sequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons in 6 of 8 patients with mixed infections identified 2 to 8 bacteria per sample. Rarely described human pathogens such as Alcaligenes faecalis, Comamonas terrigena, and 21 anaerobes were characterized. We also detected, by 16S rRNA gene PCR, four previously identified bacteria never reported in human infection, Alkanindiges illinoisensis, dehydroabietic acid-degrading bacterium DhA-73, unidentified Hailaer soda lake bacterium, and uncultured bacterium clone HuCa4. Seven organisms representing new potential species were also detected. PCR followed by cloning and sequencing may help to identify new pathogens involved in mixed bone infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Fenollar
- Unité des Rickettsies, CNRS UMR 6020, IFR 48, Faculté de Médecine, Université de la Méditerranée, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille cedex 05, France
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Peleg AY, Franklin C, Walters LJ, Bell JM, Spelman DW. OXA-58 and IMP-4 carbapenem-hydrolyzing beta-lactamases in an Acinetobacter junii blood culture isolate from Australia. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2006; 50:399-400. [PMID: 16377723 PMCID: PMC1346810 DOI: 10.1128/aac.50.1.399-400.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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