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Han S, Zhuang J, Song Y, Wu X, Yu X, Tao Y, Chu J, Qu Z, Wu Y, Han S, Yang X. Gut microbial subtypes and clinicopathological value for colorectal cancer. Cancer Med 2024; 13:e70180. [PMID: 39234654 PMCID: PMC11375334 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.70180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 08/03/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gut bacteria are related to colorectal cancer (CRC) and its clinicopathologic characteristics. OBJECTIVE To develop gut bacterial subtypes and explore potential microbial targets for CRC. METHODS Stool samples from 914 volunteers (376 CRCs, 363 advanced adenomas, and 175 normal controls) were included for 16S rRNA sequencing. Unsupervised learning was used to generate gut microbial subtypes. Gut bacterial community composition and clustering effects were plotted. Differences of gut bacterial abundance were analyzed. Then, the association of CRC-associated bacteria with subtypes and the association of gut bacteria with clinical information were assessed. The CatBoost models based on gut differential bacteria were constructed to identify the diseases including CRC and advanced adenoma (AA). RESULTS Four gut microbial subtypes (A, B, C, D) were finally obtained via unsupervised learning. The characteristic bacteria of each subtype were Escherichia-Shigella in subtype A, Streptococcus in subtype B, Blautia in subtype C, and Bacteroides in subtype D. Clinical information (e.g., free fatty acids and total cholesterol) and CRC pathological information (e.g., tumor depth) varied among gut microbial subtypes. Bacilli, Lactobacillales, etc., were positively correlated with subtype B. Positive correlation of Blautia, Lachnospiraceae, etc., with subtype C and negative correlation of Coriobacteriia, Coriobacteriales, etc., with subtype D were found. Finally, the predictive ability of CatBoost models for CRC identification was improved based on gut microbial subtypes. CONCLUSION Gut microbial subtypes provide characteristic gut bacteria and are expected to contribute to the diagnosis of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuwen Han
- Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
- Fifth Affiliated Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Huzhou Central Hospital, Huzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Multiomics Research and Clinical Transformation of Digestive Cancer, Huzhou, China
- Institut Catholique de Lille, Junia (ICL), Université Catholique de Lille, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Transitions de Lille (LITL), Lille, France
| | - Jing Zhuang
- Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
- Fifth Affiliated Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Huzhou Central Hospital, Huzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Multiomics Research and Clinical Transformation of Digestive Cancer, Huzhou, China
| | - Yifei Song
- Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
- Fifth Affiliated Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Huzhou Central Hospital, Huzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Multiomics Research and Clinical Transformation of Digestive Cancer, Huzhou, China
| | - Xinyue Wu
- Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
- Fifth Affiliated Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Huzhou Central Hospital, Huzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Multiomics Research and Clinical Transformation of Digestive Cancer, Huzhou, China
| | - Xiaojian Yu
- Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
- Fifth Affiliated Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Huzhou Central Hospital, Huzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Multiomics Research and Clinical Transformation of Digestive Cancer, Huzhou, China
| | - Ye Tao
- Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
- Shanghai Biozeron Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Chu
- Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
- Fifth Affiliated Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Huzhou Central Hospital, Huzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Multiomics Research and Clinical Transformation of Digestive Cancer, Huzhou, China
| | - Zhanbo Qu
- Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
- Fifth Affiliated Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Huzhou Central Hospital, Huzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Multiomics Research and Clinical Transformation of Digestive Cancer, Huzhou, China
| | - Yinhang Wu
- Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
- Fifth Affiliated Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Huzhou Central Hospital, Huzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Multiomics Research and Clinical Transformation of Digestive Cancer, Huzhou, China
| | - Shugao Han
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xi Yang
- Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
- Fifth Affiliated Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Huzhou Central Hospital, Huzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Multiomics Research and Clinical Transformation of Digestive Cancer, Huzhou, China
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Richwagen N, Morris D, Paulis R, Murphy D, Perkins M, Kamau E. A case of Winkia neuii (Actinomyces neuii) vertebral osteomyelitis and review of the literature. Am J Med Sci 2024:S0002-9629(24)01400-9. [PMID: 39154960 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2024.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
This case report presents an unusual occurrence of Winkia (Actinomyces) neuii vertebral osteomyelitis in a 55-year-old male patient with diabetes mellitus. W. neuii is a distinct species formerly placed within the Actinomyces genus, exhibiting unique morphological and clinical characteristics. Vertebral osteomyelitis caused by Actinomyces species is rare, with only one prior case reported in the literature. The patient was successfully managed with a combination of intravenous ceftriaxone during hospitalization and an oral antibiotic regimen for an extended period. This case report contributes to the limited body of knowledge surrounding W. neuii, as well as actinomycotic vertebral osteomyelitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Richwagen
- Internal Medicine Residency, Department of Medicine, Tripler Army Medical Center, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Destinee Morris
- Internal Medicine Residency, Department of Medicine, Tripler Army Medical Center, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Rita Paulis
- Internal Medicine Residency, Department of Medicine, Tripler Army Medical Center, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Daniel Murphy
- Internal Medicine Residency, Department of Medicine, Tripler Army Medical Center, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Matthew Perkins
- Infectious Disease Division, Department of Medicine, Tripler Army Medical Center, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Edwin Kamau
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology Laboratory, Tripler Army Medical Center, Honolulu, HI, United States.
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Yi S, Ghimire R, Sporn TA, Sutton AT, Lebron Figueroa DA, Markantonis JE. Pulmonary Actinomycosis in a 65-Year-Old Female with Poor Oral Dentition. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:1421. [PMID: 39001311 PMCID: PMC11241123 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14131421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary actinomycosis is an uncommon clinical entity that can be challenging to diagnose due to its non-specific symptomatology. Misdiagnosis and delayed treatment may result in invasive procedures and extended antimicrobial treatment courses. We report a case involving a 65-year-old female with poor oral dentition admitted for acute respiratory failure subsequently found to have a left-sided pleural effusion and perihepatic abscess formation. Cytopathology examination and microbiology studies confirmed the diagnosis of pulmonary actinomycosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Yi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA; (S.Y.); (T.A.S.); (A.T.S.)
| | - Rabindra Ghimire
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA; (R.G.); (D.A.L.F.)
| | - Thomas A. Sporn
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA; (S.Y.); (T.A.S.); (A.T.S.)
- ECU Health, ECU Physicians-Pathology, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
| | - Ann T. Sutton
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA; (S.Y.); (T.A.S.); (A.T.S.)
- ECU Health, ECU Physicians-Pathology, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
| | - Dora A. Lebron Figueroa
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA; (R.G.); (D.A.L.F.)
| | - John E. Markantonis
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA; (S.Y.); (T.A.S.); (A.T.S.)
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Davidovic M, Ecker ME, Lößlein AK, Eyerich K, Schempp CM. [Skin abscess caused by Actinomyces radingae]. DERMATOLOGIE (HEIDELBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 75:492-495. [PMID: 38361042 PMCID: PMC11150304 DOI: 10.1007/s00105-024-05313-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
We report a 77-year-old man with a skin abscess caused by Actinomyces radingae. Targeted antibiotic therapy with amoxicillin/clavulanic acid for 6 weeks resulted in clearing of the infection. A. radingae is a rare pathogenic agent of skin and soft tissue infections. As with other Actinomyces infections, the early identification of the pathogen and specific antibiotic therapy is crucial for successful resolution of the infection because of the chronic course and the long treatment time needed. Usually, A. radingae is sensitive to β‑lactam antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miodrag Davidovic
- Klinik für Dermatologie und Venerologie, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Freiburg, Deutschland
| | - Miriam Eva Ecker
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Freiburg, Deutschland
| | - Anne Kathrin Lößlein
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Freiburg, Deutschland
| | - Kilian Eyerich
- Klinik für Dermatologie und Venerologie, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Freiburg, Deutschland
| | - Christoph Mathis Schempp
- Klinik für Dermatologie und Venerologie, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Freiburg, Deutschland.
- Klinik für Dermatologie und Venerologie, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Medizinische Fakultät, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Hauptstr. 7, 79104, Freiburg, Deutschland.
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Könönen E. Polymicrobial infections with specific Actinomyces and related organisms, using the current taxonomy. J Oral Microbiol 2024; 16:2354148. [PMID: 38766462 PMCID: PMC11100438 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2024.2354148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Actinomyces organisms reside on mucosal surfaces of the oropharynx and the genitourinary tract. Polymicrobial infections with Actinomyces organisms are increasingly being reported in the literature. Since these infections differ from classical actinomycosis, lacking of specific clinical and imaging findings, slow-growing Actinomyces organisms can be regarded as contaminants or insignificant findings. In addition, only limited knowledge is available about novel Actinomyces species and their clinical relevance. The recent reclassifications have resulted in the transfer of several Actinomyces species to novel genera Bowdeniella, Gleimia, Pauljensenia, Schaalia, or Winkia. The spectrum of diseases associated with specific members of Actinomyces and these related genera varies. In human infections, the most common species are Actinomyces israelii, Schaalia meyeri, and Schaalia odontolytica, which are typical inhabitants of the mouth, and Gleimia europaea, Schaalia turicensis, and Winkia neuii. In this narrative review, the purpose was to gather information on the emerging role of specific organisms within the Actinomyces and related genera in polymicrobial infections. These include Actinomyces graevenitzii in pulmonary infections, S. meyeri in brain abscesses and infections in the lower respiratory tract, S. turicensis in skin-related infections, G. europaea in necrotizing fasciitis and skin abscesses, and W. neuii in infected tissues around prostheses and devices. Increased understanding of the role of Actinomyces and related species in polymicrobial infections could provide improved outcomes for patient care. Key messages Due to the reclassification of the genus, many former Actinomyces species belong to novel genera Bowdeniella, Gleimia, Pauljensenia, Schaalia, or Winkia.Some of the species play emerging roles in specific infection types in humans.Increasing awareness of their clinical relevance as an established or a putative pathogen in polymicrobial infections brings about improved outcomes for patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eija Könönen
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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Del Fabro G, Volpi S, Fumarola B, Migliorati M, Bertelli D, Signorini L, Matteelli A, Meschiari M. Actinomyces spp. Prosthetic Vascular Graft Infection (PVGI): A Multicenter Case-Series and Narrative Review of the Literature. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2931. [PMID: 38138076 PMCID: PMC10745418 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11122931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Actinomycosis represents a challenging and under-reported complication of vascular surgery. Optimal management of Actinomyces spp. prosthetic vascular graft infection (PVGI) is highly uncertain because of the paucity of reports on this disease. METHODS We conducted a retrospective case-series of Actinomyces-PVGI that occurred in the last five years in two major university hospitals in northern Italy. We searched for previously published cases in the scientific literature. RESULTS We report five original cases of Actinomyces spp. prosthetic vascular graft infection following aortic aneurysm repair. Our literature review retrieved eight similar cases. Most patients were immunocompetent males. Most infections were polymicrobial (11/13 cases), with a prevalence of A. odontolyticus involvement (3/13 cases were associated with. Salmonella spp. infection). All cases had a late presentation (≥4 months from graft placement), with 61% associated with an aorto-enteric fistula. All patients received antibiotic therapy, but the duration was highly heterogeneous (from two weeks to life-long antibiotics). The patients without surgical revision experienced septic recurrences (2/13), permanent dysfunction (1/13), or a fatal outcome (2/13), while of the remainder who underwent vascular graft explant, six recovered completely and one developed a periprosthetic abscess. In two cases follow-up was not available. CONCLUSIONS This case-series aims to raise the diagnostic suspicion and to describe the current management of Actinomyces-PVGIs. We highlight a high heterogeneity in antibiotic duration, choice of the antibiotic regimen, and surgical management. Higher reporting rate is advisable to produce better evidence and optimize management of this rare complication of vascular surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Del Fabro
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Spedali Civili di Brescia, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Sara Volpi
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of Modena, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Benedetta Fumarola
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Spedali Civili di Brescia, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Manuela Migliorati
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Spedali Civili di Brescia, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Davide Bertelli
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Spedali Civili di Brescia, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Liana Signorini
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Spedali Civili di Brescia, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Alberto Matteelli
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Spedali Civili di Brescia, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Marianna Meschiari
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of Modena, 41124 Modena, Italy
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Ren Y, Liang J, Li X, Deng Y, Cheng S, Wu Q, Song W, He Y, Zhu J, Zhang X, Zhou H, Yin J. Association between oral microbial dysbiosis and poor functional outcomes in stroke-associated pneumonia patients. BMC Microbiol 2023; 23:305. [PMID: 37875813 PMCID: PMC10594709 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-03057-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite advances in our understanding of the critical role of the microbiota in stroke patients, the oral microbiome has rarely been reported to be associated with stroke-associated pneumonia (SAP). We sought to profile the oral microbial composition of SAP patients and to determine whether microbiome temporal instability and special taxa are associated with pneumonia progression and functional outcomes. METHODS This is a prospective, observational, single-center cohort study that examined patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) who were admitted within 24 h of experiencing a stroke event. The patients were divided into three groups based on the occurrence of pneumonia and the use of mechanical ventilation: nonpneumonia group, SAP group, and ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) group. We collected oral swabs at different time points post-admission and analyzed the microbiota using 16 S rRNA high-throughput sequencing. The microbiota was then compared among the three groups. RESULTS In total, 104 nonpneumonia, 50 SAP and 10 VAP patients were included in the analysis. We found that SAP and VAP patients exhibited significant dynamic differences in the diversity and composition of the oral microbiota and that the magnitude of this dysbiosis and instability increased during hospitalization. Then, by controlling the potential effect of all latent confounding variables, we assessed the changes associated with pneumonia after stroke and explored patients with a lower abundance of Streptococcus were more likely to suffer from SAP. The logistic regression analysis revealed that an increase in specific taxa in the phylum Actinobacteriota was linked to a higher risk of poor outcomes. A model for SAP patients based on oral microbiota could accurately predict 30-day clinical outcomes after stroke onset. CONCLUSIONS We concluded that specific oral microbiota signatures could be used to predict illness development and clinical outcomes in SAP patients. We proposed the potential of the oral microbiota as a non-invasive diagnostic biomarker in the clinical management of SAP patients. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT04688138. Registered 29/12/2020, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04688138 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueran Ren
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jingru Liang
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yiting Deng
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Sanping Cheng
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiheng Wu
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Song
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan He
- Microbiome Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiajia Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaomei Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongwei Zhou
- Microbiome Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Jia Yin
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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Kim HG, Lee HK, Park E. Abdominal Actinomycotic Abscess after Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy for Morbid Obesity: A Case Report. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:1516. [PMID: 37763634 PMCID: PMC10534873 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59091516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Actinomycosis is a rare, chronic, suppurative, and granulomatous bacterial disease. The Actinomyces species exist as normal flora in the oropharynx, gastrointestinal tract, and the female genital tract. They are incapable of penetrating the normal mucous membranes and become pathogenic only when this barrier has been destroyed by trauma, surgery, immunosuppression, or after viscus perforation. We report the first case of an actinomycotic abscess after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy. A 29-year-old man underwent a laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy with no intra-operative complications. On postoperative day 3, the patient had a fever with elevated inflammatory markers. Abdominal computerized tomography (CT) with oral water-soluble contrast media showed no extra-luminal leakage and no fluid collection adjacent to the resected stomach, other than the fluid collection in the right subhepatic space. Percutaneous drainage was attempted, but the procedure failed due to the patient's thick abdominal wall. After two weeks of weight loss of about 12 kg, percutaneous drainage was successfully performed, and A. odontolyticus was identified through pus culture. After effective abscess drainage and high-dose antibiotics, the patient's symptoms improved and the abscess pocket disappeared. We reported Actinomyces infection after gastric sleeve surgery. In the case of abscess formation after gastric sleeve surgery caused by actinomycete infection, antibiotic treatment and percutaneous drainage are effective together.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho-Goon Kim
- Department of General Surgery, Chonnam National University Medical School, 160, Baekseo-ro, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61469, Republic of Korea;
| | - Ho-Kyun Lee
- Department of General Surgery, Chonnam National University Medical School, 160, Baekseo-ro, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61469, Republic of Korea;
| | - Eunkyu Park
- Department of General Surgery, Chonnam National University Hospital, 42, Jebong-ro, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61469, Republic of Korea
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Kövér Z, Johansen Nordskag V, Bán Á, Gajdács M, Urbán E. The role of Actinomyces spp. and related organisms in cervicofacial infections: Pathomechanism, diagnosis and therapeutic aspects. Anaerobe 2023; 82:102767. [PMID: 37482285 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2023.102767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Members of the Actinomyces genus and Actinomyces-like organisms (ALOs; namely Actinotignum, Arcanobacterium, Schaalia and Varibaculum) are Gram-positive, non-spore-forming rods that are commensal members of the human oral cavity, gastrointestinal tract, female genital tract and skin microbiota. Cervicofacial actinomycosis or "lumpy jaw syndrome" - the chronic, suppurative granulomatous disease caused by Actinomyces spp. And ALOs - is characterized by an initially slow and unspecific disease-presentation, which often mimics other pathologies, followed by the formation of painful abscesses and severe tissue destruction. Actinomycosis has been described as a rare disease, however, reliable epidemiological data are lacking. In addition, there is increasing awareness regarding the role of Actinomyces spp. in the development of osteoradionecrosis and medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw. The aim of this narrative review is to succinctly summarize the current advances regarding the microbiological, clinical, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of cervicofacial actinomycosis, in addition to the roles of Actinomyces species and ALOs as members of the oral microbiota and in dental biofilm, in other dental infections (caries, root canal infection, periapical infection, periodontitis) and osteonecrosis of the jaw, in the context of recent taxonomic changes affecting the genus. Our paper aims to be a blueprint for dentists, other physicians, microbiologists and researchers regarding the multifaceted field of cervicofacial actinomycosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsanett Kövér
- Department of Dentistry, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Medical School, University of Pécs, Tüzér U. 1., 7623, Pécs, Hungary.
| | - Vidar Johansen Nordskag
- Department of Dentistry, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Medical School, University of Pécs, Tüzér U. 1., 7623, Pécs, Hungary.
| | - Ágnes Bán
- Department of Dentistry, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Medical School, University of Pécs, Tüzér U. 1., 7623, Pécs, Hungary.
| | - Márió Gajdács
- Department of Oral Biology and Experimental Dental Research, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Szeged, Tisza Lajos krt. 64-66., 6725, Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Edit Urbán
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Clinical Center, University of Pécs, Szigeti út 12., 7624, Pécs, Hungary.
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Álvarez C, Almuzara M, Tosello C, Stecher D, Vay C, Barberis C. [Actinomyces europaeus (Gleimia europaea) associated with brain abscess: A report of three cases]. Rev Argent Microbiol 2023; 55:235-239. [PMID: 36642684 DOI: 10.1016/j.ram.2022.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
A brain abscess is a focal infection characterized by a collection of pus in the brain parenchyma. It is a life-threatening condition that should be diagnosed and treated as soon as possible. We report here three cases of patients with otogenic brain abscesses of polymicrobial origin that had in common the isolation of Actinomyces europaeus, which has not been previously described in this location. A. europaeus was identified by the conventional methodology, matrix-associated laser deionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Antibiotic susceptibility was evaluated by the epsilometric method, and all isolates showed sensitivity to penicillin, vancomycin and linezolid, whereas susceptibility to clindamycin and erythromycin was variable. MALDI-TOF MS identification allowed a quick and reliable species level identification in order to provide a rapid and effective response to avoid treatment delay that could lead to increased morbidity and even mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Álvarez
- Cátedra de Microbiología Clínica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Fisiopatología y Bioquímica Clínica (INFIBIOC), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Marisa Almuzara
- Cátedra de Microbiología Clínica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Fisiopatología y Bioquímica Clínica (INFIBIOC), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Claudia Tosello
- División Infectología, Hospital de Clínicas José de San Martín, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daniel Stecher
- División Infectología, Hospital de Clínicas José de San Martín, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carlos Vay
- Cátedra de Microbiología Clínica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Fisiopatología y Bioquímica Clínica (INFIBIOC), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Claudia Barberis
- Cátedra de Microbiología Clínica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Fisiopatología y Bioquímica Clínica (INFIBIOC), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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11
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Fisher JM, Barqadle F. An Unusual Case of Chest Pain in an Adolescent Male. Clin Pediatr (Phila) 2023; 62:143-146. [PMID: 35883266 DOI: 10.1177/00099228221113120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua M Fisher
- Intern and Resident Program, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Fatuma Barqadle
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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12
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Kapoor AK, Naqvi S, Padival S. A first case of prosthetic joint infection with Actinomyces radingae. Anaerobe 2023; 80:102662. [PMID: 36681233 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2022.102662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Prosthetic joint infection is a common clinical orthopedic problem but infections caused by Actinomyces species have been rarely reported. An increasing number of reports identifying Actinomyces in cases of prosthetic joint infection suggest it may be an emerging pathogen. We describe here the first known case of a prosthetic joint infection caused by Actinomyces radingae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew K Kapoor
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Suhaib Naqvi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Simi Padival
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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13
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Muacevic A, Adler JR, Skedros JG. Schaalia (Formerly Actinomyces) turicensis Infection Following Open Rotator Cuff Repair. Cureus 2023; 15:e34242. [PMID: 36852356 PMCID: PMC9964717 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.34242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
We report the case of a male in his early 70s who developed a deep infection after an open rotator cuff repair, with Schaalia turicensis as the only organism isolated from a surgical biopsy of the tendon remnants and phlegmatic/purulent material at the failed repair site. This species was originally within the genus Actinomyces. We report this case because it is the only one that we could locate where an infected open rotator cuff repair site grew S. turicensis. Our patient was not diabetic, did not smoke, and did not have other recent or concurrent infections. He had hypertension, hypothyroidism, depression, and a hyperactive bladder. Hence, he only had minor risk factors for infection. His postoperative shoulder infection was eradicated with surgical irrigation and debridement, and 6.5 weeks of primarily oral antibiotic treatment. We also review the literature on infections after any shoulder surgery where Schaalia or Actinomyces species were isolated.
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14
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Morawiec E, Czerwiński M, Czerwińska AB, Wiczkowski A. Semen dysbiosis—just a male problem? Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:815786. [PMID: 36176582 PMCID: PMC9514095 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.815786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Seminal microflora is crucial to male fertility. Dysbiosis—disturbance of quantitative ratios of individual bacteria or appearance of pathogenic species—rarely results in symptomatic disease. Inflammation results in decreased sperm production, lower motility, or morphological changes and, in the long term, can cause ejaculatory duct obstruction, leading to infertility. Moreover, it may cause infection of the partner’s female genital tract. Dysbiosis in both partners results in fertility problems, disorders in embryo implantation, or miscarriages. In addition, chronic inflammation of the male genitourinary system may accelerate the appearance of antisperm antibodies. A comprehensive examination of seminal microflora can clarify the causes of infertility or prevent pathological conditions that affect seminal parameters. Seminal microflora as a direct impact on fertility problems as well as a decrease in the effectiveness of assisted reproduction methods, insemination, or in vitro procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Morawiec
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Technology in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
- Gyncentrum Sp. z o.o. Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Virology, Katowice, Poland
- Department of Histology, Cytophysiology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Technology in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
- *Correspondence: Emilia Morawiec,
| | - Michał Czerwiński
- Gyncentrum Sp. z o.o. Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Virology, Katowice, Poland
- American Medical Clinic, Katowice, Poland
| | - Anna Bednarska- Czerwińska
- Gyncentrum Sp. z o.o. Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Virology, Katowice, Poland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Technology in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Andrzej Wiczkowski
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Technology in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
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15
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Abstract
Actinomycosis is a rare, indolent and invasive infection caused by Actinomyces species. Actinomycosis develops when there is disruption of the mucosal barrier, and invasion and systemic spread of the organism, which can lead to endogenous infection affecting numerous organs. It is known to spread in tissue through fascial planes and most often involves the cervicofacial (55%), abdominopelvic (20%) and thoracic (15%) soft tissue. Pulmonary actinomycosis is rare in patients under the age of five years, with the median reported age in the fifth decade. Clinical findings include chest wall mass (49%), cough (40%), pain (back, chest, shoulders) (36%), weight loss (19%), fever (19%), Draining sinuses (15%) and hemoptysis (9%). Chest x-ray findings in pulmonary actinomycosis are mostly nonspecific and can overlap with pulmonary tuberculosis, foreign body aspiration and malignancy. Endobronchial tissue aggregates may show sulphur granules, with yellow to white conglomerate areas of gram positive Actinomyces. Removal or biopsy of these large endobronchial masses must be done with care, because of the risk of bleeding and large airway obstruction. The cytology on bronchoalveolar lavage fluid may show Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) positive stain, ZN negative and Gram-positive filamentous bacilli which is morphologically suggestive of Actinomycosis. Actinomyces spp is highly susceptible to beta lactam antibiotics, penicillin G, and amoxicillin. A minimum of 3-6 months is needed but up to 20 months of treatment may be needed. Early diagnosis and correct treatment can lead to a good prognosis with a low mortality.
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16
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Zhu Q, Zai H, Zhang K, Zhang X, Luo N, Li X, Hu Y, Wu Y. L-norvaline affects the proliferation of breast cancer cells based on the microbiome and metabolome analysis. J Appl Microbiol 2022; 133:1014-1026. [PMID: 35543360 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The altered fecal metabolites and microbiota might be involved in the development of breast cancer. We aimed to investigate the effect of differential metabolites on the proliferative activity of breast cancer cells. METHODS AND RESULTS We collected fecal samples from 14 breast cancer patients and 14 healthy subjects. Untargeted metabolomics analysis, short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) targeted analysis, and 16S rDNA sequencing was performed. The gut metabolite composition of patients changed significantly. Levels of norvaline, glucuronate, and galacturonate were lower in the Cancer group than in the Control (p < 0.05). 4-Methylcatechol and guaiacol increased (p < 0.05). Acetic acid and butyric acid were lower in the Cancer group than in the Control group (p < 0.05). Isobutyric acid and pentanoic acid were higher in the Cancer group than in the Control (p < 0.05). In the genus, the abundance of Rothia and Actinomyces increased in the Cancer group, compared with the Control group (p < 0.05). The differential microbiotas were clearly associated with differential metabolites but weakly with SCFAs. The abundance of Rothia and Actinomyces was markedly positively correlated with 4-methylcatechol and guaiacol (p < 0.05) and negatively correlated with norvaline (p < 0.05). L-norvaline inhibited the content of Arg-1 in a concentration-dependent manner. Compared with the L-norvaline or doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX) group, the proliferation abilities of 4T1 cells were the lowest in the L-norvaline combined with DOX (p < 0.05). The apoptosis rate increased (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Fecal metabolites and microbiota were significantly altered in breast cancer. Levels of differential metabolites (i.e., Norvaline) were significantly correlated with the abundance of differential microbiota. L-norvaline combined with DOX could clearly inhibit the proliferation activity of breast cancer cells. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF STUDY This might provide clues to uncover potential biomarkers for breast cancer diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hongyan Zai
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Kejing Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xian Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Na Luo
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yu Hu
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Clinical Research Center For Breast Cancer In Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Yuhui Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Clinical Research Center For Breast Cancer In Hunan Province, Changsha, China
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17
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Wang Y, Ferrero S, Li S, Liu S, Yang W. Pelvic abscess associated with Actinomyces species ‒ a rare post-cesarean complication. CASE REPORTS IN PERINATAL MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/crpm-2021-0048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
Pelvic actinomycotic abscess is uncommon and its presentation as a post-cesarean complication may be confused with hemorrhagic mass. It is still a disease that poses a significant diagnostic challenge. Management and prognosis are not well known for this type of infection.
Case presentation
A 36-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital six days after the cesarean section with abdominal pain and dysuria. The second operation was diagnosed as pelvic abscess, debridement and drainage about 250 mL abscess. Bacterial culture of abscess confirmed as Actinomyces odontolyticus infection. Intravenous penicillin was given immediately, amoxicillin was taken orally for three months after discharge, and no recurrence was found after follow-up for ten months.
Conclusions
Pelvic A. odontolyticus abscess may be confirmed through correct bacterial culture and cured by a short-term course of Amoxicillin. With prompt recognition and treatment, favorable outcomes of pelvic Actinomycotic abscess in the perinatal period could be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuping Wang
- Department of Pharmacy , The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University , Guangzhou , P. R. China
| | - Simone Ferrero
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino , University of Genova , Genova , Italy
| | - Shasha Li
- Department of Pharmacy , The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University , Guangzhou , P. R. China
| | - Shisan Liu
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department , The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University , Guangzhou , P. R. China
| | - Wah Yang
- Department of General Surgery , The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University , Guangzhou , P. R. China
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18
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Mao TC, Zhou X, Tian MN, Zhang YM, Wang SL. A rare case of male Fournier's gangrene with mixed Actinomyces turicensis infection. BMC Urol 2022; 22:25. [PMID: 35197026 PMCID: PMC8867770 DOI: 10.1186/s12894-022-00975-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fournier's gangrene (FG), a urological emergency with high mortality, is an infectious necrotizing fasciitis of the perineal and genital regions. The majority of FG is caused by polymicrobial organisms involving mixed aerobes and anaerobes but rarely reveals Actinomyces species. CASE PRESENTATION We report a healthy 67-year-old Asian male who presented with rapidly progressive painful swelling of the scrotum. Clinically diagnosed with FG, the patient underwent an emergency radical debridement, followed by broad-spectrum antibiotics and negative pressure wound therapy. The identification of the causative microorganisms showed Actinomyces turicensis and the antibiotic treatment was adjusted accordingly. After wound bed preparation, we took split-thickness skin grafts to cover the scrotal wound. Active management to minimize faecal contamination was applied throughout the whole course of treatment and repair. The patient was satisfied with the outcome. This was an extremely rare case of A. turicensis as the main causative pathogen of FG. CONCLUSIONS FG due to Actinomyces species is rarely reported, but we should still consider this pathogenic microorganism that has long been neglected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong-Chun Mao
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuan Zhou
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Meng-Nan Tian
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yi-Ming Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shao-Liang Wang
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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19
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Wolff A, Rodloff AC, Vielkind P, Borgmann T, Stingu CS. Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Clinical Oral Isolates of Actinomyces spp. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10010125. [PMID: 35056574 PMCID: PMC8779083 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10010125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Actinomyces species play an important role in the pathogenesis of oral diseases and infections. Susceptibility testing is not always routinely performed, and one may oversee a shift in resistance patterns. The aim of the study was to analyze the antimicrobial susceptibility of 100 well-identified clinical oral isolates of Actinomyces spp. against eight selected antimicrobial agents using the agar dilution (AD) and E-Test (ET) methods. We observed no to low resistance against penicillin, ampicillin-sulbactam, meropenem, clindamycin, linezolid and tigecycline (0-2% ET, 0% AD) but high levels of resistance to moxifloxacin (93% ET, 87% AD) and daptomycin (83% ET, 95% AD). The essential agreement of the two methods was very good for benzylpenicillin (EA 95%) and meropenem (EA 92%). The ET method was reliable for correctly categorizing susceptibility, in comparison with the reference method agar dilution, except for daptomycin (categorical agreement 87%). Penicillin is still the first-choice antibiotic for therapy of diseases caused by Actinomyces spp.
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20
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Gonzalez-Mercado VJ, Lim J, Saligan LN, Perez N, Rodriguez C, Bernabe R, Ozorio S, Pedro E, Sepehri F, Aouizerat B. Gut Microbiota and Depressive Symptoms at the End of CRT for Rectal Cancer: A Cross-Sectional Pilot Study. DEPRESSION RESEARCH AND TREATMENT 2021; 2021:7967552. [PMID: 35003805 PMCID: PMC8731300 DOI: 10.1155/2021/7967552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of alterations in gut microbiota composition (termed dysbiosis) has been implicated in the pathobiology of depressive symptoms; however, evidence remains limited. This cross-sectional pilot study is aimed at exploring whether depressive symptom scores changed during neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radiation therapy to treat rectal cancer, and if gut microbial taxa abundances and predicted functional pathways correlate with depressive symptoms at the end of chemotherapy and radiation therapy. METHODS 40 newly diagnosed rectal cancer patients (ages 28-81; 23 males) were assessed for depressive symptoms using the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D) and provided stool samples for 16S rRNA sequencing. Gut microbiome data were analyzed using QIIME2, and correlations and regression analyses were performed in R. RESULTS Participants had significantly higher depressive symptoms at the end as compared to before CRT. The relative abundances of Gemella, Bacillales Family XI, Actinomyces, Streptococcus, Lactococcus, Weissella, and Leuconostocaceae were positively correlated (Spearman's rho = 0.42 to 0.32), while Coprobacter, Intestinibacter, Intestimonas, Lachnospiraceae, Phascolarctobacterium, Ruminiclostridium, Ruminococcaceae (UCG-005 and uncultured), Tyzzerella, and Parasutterella (Spearman's rho = -0.43 to - 0.31) were negatively correlated with HAM-D scores. Of the 14 predicted MetaCyc pathways that correlated with depressive symptom scores at the end of CRT, 11 (79%) were associated with biosynthetic pathways. CONCLUSIONS Significant bacterial taxa and predicted functional pathways correlated with depressive symptoms at the end of chemotherapy and radiation therapy for rectal cancer which warrants further examination and replication of our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jean Lim
- University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Leorey N. Saligan
- Intramural Program, National Institute of Nursing Research/National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nicole Perez
- Rory Meyers College of Nursing, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Raul Bernabe
- Department of General Studies, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Samia Ozorio
- College of Nursing, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Elsa Pedro
- School of Pharmacy, Medical Science Campus, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Farrah Sepehri
- College of Nursing, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Brad Aouizerat
- Bluestone Center for Clinical Research, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, NY, USA
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21
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Luo Z, Fitting S, Robinson C, Benitez A, Li M, Wu Y, Fu X, Amato D, Ning W, Funderburg N, Wang X, Zhou Z, Yu X, Wagner A, Cong X, Xu W, Maas K, Wolf BJ, Huang L, Yu J, Scott A, Mcrae-Clark A, Hamlett ED, Jiang W. Chronic cannabis smoking-enriched oral pathobiont drives behavioral changes, macrophage infiltration, and increases β-amyloid protein production in the brain. EBioMedicine 2021; 74:103701. [PMID: 34826801 PMCID: PMC8626580 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about chronic cannabis smoking-associated oral microbiome and its effects on central nervous system (CNS) functions. METHODS In the current study, we have analyzed the saliva microbiome in individuals who chronically smoked cannabis with cannabis use disorder (n = 16) and in non-smoking controls (n = 27). The saliva microbiome was analyzed using microbial 16S rRNA sequencing. To investigate the function of cannabis use-associated oral microbiome, mice were orally inoculated with live Actinomyces meyeri, Actinomyces odontolyticus, or Neisseria elongata twice per week for six months, which mimicked human conditions. FINDINGS We found that cannabis smoking in humans was associated with oral microbial dysbiosis. The most increased oral bacteria were Streptococcus and Actinomyces genus and the most decreased bacteria were Neisseria genus in chronic cannabis smokers compared to those in non-smokers. Among the distinct species bacteria in cannabis smokers, the enrichment of Actinomyces meyeri was inversely associated with the age of first cannabis smoking. Strikingly, oral exposure of Actinomyces meyeri, an oral pathobiont, but not the other two control bacteria, decreased global activity, increased macrophage infiltration, and increased β-amyloid 42 protein production in the mouse brains. INTERPRETATION This is the first study to reveal that long-term oral cannabis exposure is associated oral enrichment of Actinomyces meyeri and its contributions to CNS abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenwu Luo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Ave., Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Sylvia Fitting
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Catrina Robinson
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Andreana Benitez
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Min Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Ave., Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Yongxia Wu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Ave., Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Xiaoyu Fu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Ave., Charleston, SC 29425, USA; Department of Infectious Disease, Key Laboratory of Hunan Viral Hepatitis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Davide Amato
- Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Wangbin Ning
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Ave., Charleston, SC 29425, USA; Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Nicholas Funderburg
- Division of Medical Laboratory Science, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Ave., Charleston, SC 29425, USA; Department of Urology, Capital Medical University Affiliated XuanWu Hospital, 45 Changchun Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Zejun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Xuezhong Yu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Ave., Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Amanda Wagner
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Xiaomei Cong
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, School of Nursing, Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Wanli Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, School of Nursing, Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Kendra Maas
- Microbial Analysis, Resources, and Services, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Bethany J Wolf
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Lei Huang
- Treatment and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jeremy Yu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Alison Scott
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Aimee Mcrae-Clark
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Eric D Hamlett
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Ave., Charleston, SC 29425, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
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22
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Hsiao YC, Lee YH, Ho CM, Tseng CH, Wang JH. Clinical Characteristics of Actinomyces viscosus Bacteremia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 57:medicina57101064. [PMID: 34684101 PMCID: PMC8537041 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57101064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Actinomyces species are part of the normal flora of humans and rarely cause disease. It is an uncommon cause of disease in humans. The clinical features of actinomycosis have been described, and various anatomical sites (such as face, bones and joints, respiratory tract, genitourinary tract, digestive tract, central nervous system, skin, and soft tissue structures) can be affected. It is not easy to identify actinomycosis because it sometimes mimics cancer due to under-recognition. As new diagnostic methods have been applied, Actinomyces can now more easily be identified at the species level. Recent studies have also highlighted differences among Actinomyces species. We report a case of Actinomyces viscosus bacteremia with cutaneous actinomycosis. Materials and Methods: A 66 years old male developed fever for a day with progressive right lower-leg erythematous swelling. Blood culture isolates yielded Actinomyces species, which was identified as Actinomyces viscosus by sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. In addition, we searched for the term Actinomyces or actinomycosis cross-referenced with bacteremia or "blood culture" or "blood stream" from January 2010 to July 2020. The infectious diseases caused by species of A. viscosus from January 1977 to July 2020 were also reviewed. Results: The patient recovered well after intravenous ampicillin treatment. Poor oral hygiene was confirmed by dental examination. There were no disease relapses during the following period. Most cases of actinomycosis can be treated with penicillin. However, clinical alertness, risk factor evaluation, and identification of Actinomyces species can prevent inappropriate antibiotic or intervention. We also compiled a total of 18 cases of Actinomyces bacteremia after conducting an online database search. Conclusions: In summary, we describe a case of fever and progressive cellulitis. Actinomyces species was isolated from blood culture, which was further identified as Actinomyces viscosus by 16S rRNA sequencing. The cellulitis improved after pathogen-directed antibiotics. Evaluation of risk factors in patients with Actinomyces bacteremia and further identification of the Actinomyces species are recommended for successful treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chun Hsiao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 40705, Taiwan; (Y.-C.H.); (C.-M.H.); (C.-H.T.)
| | - Yi-Hsuan Lee
- Department of Post-Baccalaureate Veterinary Medicine, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan;
| | - Chun-Mei Ho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 40705, Taiwan; (Y.-C.H.); (C.-M.H.); (C.-H.T.)
| | - Chien-Hao Tseng
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 40705, Taiwan; (Y.-C.H.); (C.-M.H.); (C.-H.T.)
| | - Jui-Hsing Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung 40705, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Taichung 427213, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
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23
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Goussard P, Rabie H, Marshall M, Mfingwana L, Morrison J, Ismal Z, Retief F, Nel P, Da Costa D, Andronikou S, Schubert P. Endobronchial actinomycosis in a child. Pediatr Pulmonol 2021; 56:3429-3432. [PMID: 34265174 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.25550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Actinomycosis is a rare, indolent and invasive infection caused by Actinomyces species. Pulmonary actinomycosis is very rarely seen in the paediatric population. The classic radiological presentation of thoracic involvement of actinomycosis includes lower lobe consolidation, empyema and periostitis of the ribs. We report a case of endobronchial actinomycosis in a child diagnosed on endobronchial biopsy and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). Bronchoscopy can be dangerous when performed on these cases, as there is a risk of severe bleeding and large airway obstruction, as was the case with this patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Goussard
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Helena Rabie
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Michelle Marshall
- Division of Cytology, Tygerberg Hospital, National Health Laboratory Service, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Lunga Mfingwana
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Julie Morrison
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Zane Ismal
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Francois Retief
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Pieter Nel
- Division of Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University and National Health Laboratory Service, Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Dawood Da Costa
- Division of Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University and National Health Laboratory Service, Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Savvas Andronikou
- Department of Paediatric Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Pawel Schubert
- Division of Anatomical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University and National Health Laboratory Service, Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
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24
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Barberis C, Ledesma M, Álvarez C, Famiglietti A, Almuzara M, Vay C. [Analysis of the diversity of Actinomyces/Actinotignum clinical isolates in a university hospital]. Rev Argent Microbiol 2021; 53:202-209. [PMID: 33402284 DOI: 10.1016/j.ram.2020.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Actinomyces and related genera are grampositive bacilli, opportunistic pathogens, which have been mainly involved in endogenous infections. However, due to the complexity in identifying them for most clinical laboratories, there is scant knowledge about their real clinical significance. In this work, 166 isolates of 13 different species of Actinomyces/Actinotignum species recovered from clinical samples of patients treated in a university hospital were studied. The identification was performed by MALDI-TOF MS and molecular identification. MALDI-TOF MS identified 91.57% of the isolates (152/166) at the species level using a score ≥ 1.7 and 3.61% (6/166) of the isolates were identified only at the gender level with a score ≥ 1.5. MALDI-TOF MS did not yield reliable identification results for 4.82% (8/166) of the isolates. Actinomyces/Actinotignum species were isolated from: soft tissue (n: 47), urine samples (n: 35), head / neck abscesses (n: 19), genital abscesses (n: 11), blood samples (n: 10), breast abscesses (n: 8), osteoarticular samples (n: 6), abdominal/ascitic fluids (n: 3), abdominal abscesses (n: 5), sputum/BAL (n: 4), brain abscesses (n: 3), and others (n: 15). The results obtained from the statistical analysis showed a high differential frequency (> 2) for the location/species association: urine/A. schaalii/sanguinis; brain abscesses/A. europaeus; osteoarticular samples/A. urogenitalis; abdominal abscesses/ A. turicensis; respiratory samples/A. naeslundii/viscosus. This information provides a greater understanding of the clinical and epidemiological relevance of these species. The pathogenic role of Actinomyces spp. will be increasingly revealed as these microorganisms could be recognized thanks to prolonged culture and the advances in identification technology facilitated by MALDI-TOF MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Barberis
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Hospital de Clínicas «José de San Martín», Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Martín Ledesma
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Hospital de Clínicas «José de San Martín», Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carla Álvarez
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Hospital de Clínicas «José de San Martín», Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Angela Famiglietti
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Hospital de Clínicas «José de San Martín», Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marisa Almuzara
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Hospital de Clínicas «José de San Martín», Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carlos Vay
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Hospital de Clínicas «José de San Martín», Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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25
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Regino CA, Navarro K, García A, Bacca J, Uribe N. Abdominopelvic Actinomycosis Mimicking a Malignant Ovarian Neoplasia: Case Report and Review of Literature. Cureus 2020; 12:e12182. [PMID: 33489593 PMCID: PMC7814515 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.12182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Abdominal actinomycosis is a chronic, granulomatous, and indolent disease produced by Actinomyces spp., a gram-positive filamentous bacillus, anaerobic, commensal in the oral cavity, gastrointestinal tract, and pelvic mucosa. Diagnosis is usually difficult and delayed due to its insidious presentation. It can simulate different neoplastic, inflammatory as well as infectious diseases such as tuberculosis, nocardiosis, or mycosis. In most cases, the diagnosis is made postoperatively with the histopathological report, and only 10% of them are diagnosed preoperatively. We present two cases of abdominopelvic actinomycosis simulating advanced ovarian neoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kevin Navarro
- Internal Medicine, University of Antioquia, Medellín, COL
| | - Andrés García
- Internal Medicine, IPS Universitaria Clínica León XIII, Medellín, COL.,Internal Medicine, University of Antioquia, Medellín, COL
| | | | - Natali Uribe
- Infectious Disease, Pontifical Bolivarian University, Medellín, COL
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26
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Mougeot JLC, Beckman MF, Langdon HC, Brennan MT, Bahrani Mougeot F. Oral Microbiome Signatures in Hematological Cancers Reveal Predominance of Actinomyces and Rothia Species. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9124068. [PMID: 33348567 PMCID: PMC7767039 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9124068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The endogenous microbiome of healthy individuals in oral cavities is diverse, representing over 700 bacterial species. Imbalance in oral and gut microbiome composition and associated gene expression has been linked to different forms of hematological (blood) cancers. Our objective is to compare oral microbiome profiles of patients with blood cancers (BC group: N = 39 patients, n = 124 oral samples) to those of healthy control subjects (HC group: N = 27 subjects, n = 100 oral samples). Saliva samples and swabs of buccal mucosa, supragingival plaque, and tongue were collected from blood cancer patients and healthy controls. Next-generation sequencing (16S-rRNA gene V3-V4 region) was used to determine the relative abundance of bacterial taxa present at the genus and species levels. Differences in oral microbiome beta-diversity were determined using multivariate permutational analysis of variance (PERMANOVA). Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) effect size (LEfSe) analysis was performed to identify differentiating bacterial taxa in pairwise comparisons. The PATRICv3.6.7 online tool was used to determine the predominance of potential pathogenicity in the BC group. The oral microbiome beta-diversities of the BC and HC groups differed and corresponded to a reduced alpha-diversity in the BC group. LEfSe analysis showed significant LDA scores for Actinomyces and Rothia spp., differentiating the BC group from the HC group. In silico analysis using PATRICv3.6.7 demonstrated that the groups of bacteria possessing traits of "antibiotic resistance", "oral pathogen", and "virulence" was enriched in the BC group. Although 56% of the BC patients received antibiotics within two weeks of the oral bacterial sampling, Actinomyces genus remained the top differentiating feature in the BC group regardless of the administration of antibiotics, while Rothia dentocariosa was detected as the top differentiating feature in the BC patients who did not receive antibiotics, but not in those who received antibiotics. Further investigation is needed to better understand the interactions of certain oral species with the host immune system to better characterize clinically relevant associations with hematological cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Luc C. Mougeot
- Correspondence: (J.-L.C.M.); (F.B.M.); Tel.: +1-704-355-5301 (J.-L.C.M.); +1-704-355-8132 (F.B.M.)
| | | | | | | | - Farah Bahrani Mougeot
- Correspondence: (J.-L.C.M.); (F.B.M.); Tel.: +1-704-355-5301 (J.-L.C.M.); +1-704-355-8132 (F.B.M.)
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27
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Schamall D, Nebot Valenzuela E, Pietschmann P, Tangl S, Edelmayer M, Dobsak T, Teschler-Nicola M. Microstructural analysis of bony alterations in a historic case of actinomycosis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PALEOPATHOLOGY 2020; 30:1-9. [PMID: 32109842 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2019.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Actinomycosis infection of bone is rare and its diagnosis challenging. Here, we aim to identify and verify its microstructural features and the potential value for differential diagnosis. MATERIALS We investigated the dry preparation of the lumbar vertebrae and pelvic ring of a purported case of actinomycosis documented by a post-mortem examination in 1891. METHODS Macroscopic inspection, conventional radiology, μCT, 3D reconstruction, and histological examination were employed. RESULTS All approaches revealed new periosteal bone deposition with increased vascularisation of the os coxa, vertebrae, and sacrum. The μCT revealed cortical loss underneath the new bone formation; the 3D reconstruction and histological examination revealed plexiform bone and granular structures. CONCLUSIONS The plexiform bone is the result of reactive rapid growth and remodelling processes, and is consistent with pathomorphological findings summarised in the autopsy report (soft tissue abscesses and formation of fistulas caused by "Actinomycosis intestine et ossis ilei sin."). SIGNIFICANCE This is the first case of a historically documented case of actinomycosis infection investigated by μCT and histology. Different degrees of tissue damage and inflammatory reaction in form of plexiform bone, which has not been reported previously, was identified. LIMITATIONS The noted bone tissue modifications are not solely pathognomic of actinomycosis; they characterise other diseases, as well. Histological evaluation is not appropriate for identifying the aetiology of the granular structures observed here; but clinically such aggregations appear in tissue affected by actinomycosis. SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER RESEARCH Histochemical and molecular-genetic analyses are obligatory to affirm the diagnosis based on micromorphological features.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Schamall
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna, Althanstr. 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Center of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Division of Anatomy, Medical University Vienna, Währinger Str. 13, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Department of Anthropology, Natural History Museum Vienna, Burgring 7, 1010 Vienna, Austria.
| | - E Nebot Valenzuela
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Department of Physiology, School of Pharmacy, Campus universitario Cartuja, s/n. 18071, Granada, Spain.
| | - P Pietschmann
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - S Tangl
- Karl Donath Laboratory for Hard Tissue and Biomaterial Research, University Clinic of Dentistry Vienna, Senseng. 2a, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Donaueschingenstr. 13, 1200 Vienna, Austria.
| | - M Edelmayer
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Donaueschingenstr. 13, 1200 Vienna, Austria; Department of Oral Surgery, University Clinic of Dentistry Vienna, Senseng. 2a, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - T Dobsak
- Karl Donath Laboratory for Hard Tissue and Biomaterial Research, University Clinic of Dentistry Vienna, Senseng. 2a, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Donaueschingenstr. 13, 1200 Vienna, Austria.
| | - M Teschler-Nicola
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna, Althanstr. 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Department of Anthropology, Natural History Museum Vienna, Burgring 7, 1010 Vienna, Austria.
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28
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Gajdács M, Urbán E. The Pathogenic Role of Actinomyces spp. and Related Organisms in Genitourinary Infections: Discoveries in the New, Modern Diagnostic Era. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:E524. [PMID: 32824418 PMCID: PMC7459602 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9080524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Actinomycosis is a chronic, suppurative, granulomatous infectious disease, caused by different species of Actinomyces bacteria. To date, 26 validly published Actinomyces species have been described as part of a normal human microbiota or from human clinical specimens. Due to the rapid spread of new, modern diagnostic procedures, 13 of 26 of these species have been described in this century and the Actinomycetaceae family has undergone several taxonomic revisions, including the introduction of many novel species termed Actinomyces-like organisms (ALOs). There is scarce data available on the role of these novel bacterial species in various infectious processes in human medicine. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of Actinomyces and closely related organisms involved in human diseases-with a special focus on newly described species-in particular their role in genitourinary tract infections in females and males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márió Gajdács
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary;
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Edit Urbán
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
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29
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Hsueh L, Kacharam S, Shah AD. A rare case of Actinomyces skin and soft tissue infection in an end-stage kidney disease patient with a review of the literature. Hemodial Int 2020; 24:E40-E45. [PMID: 32458569 DOI: 10.1111/hdi.12843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
End-stage kidney disease (ESKD) patients are a commonly overlooked immunocompromised population that places them at risk for rare infections. We describe the case of a 78-year-old man with a history of ESKD managed with thrice weekly in-center hemodialysis who had a prolonged episode of left elbow pain and drainage and was eventually found to have a skin and soft tissue infection from Actinomyces radingae. We review the bacteriology of Actinomyces spp. and the experiences of other providers who have treated actinomycosis in individuals with ESKD. The anatomic sites and demographics of these individuals are heterogeneous, but they all generally require a long antibiotic course with a beta-lactam and portend to a good prognosis. High index of suspicion is needed to identify rare and atypical infections in the ESKD population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon Hsueh
- Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Providence, RI, USA.,Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Sumanth Kacharam
- Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.,Division of Nephrology, Medical Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Ankur D Shah
- Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.,Division of Nephrology, Medical Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
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30
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Le Bihan A, Ahmed F, O'Driscoll J. An uncommon cause for a breast abscess: Actinomyces turicensis with Peptoniphilus harei. BMJ Case Rep 2019; 12:12/12/e231194. [PMID: 31796455 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2019-231194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Our case report describes a patient with a common presenting complaint yet an uncommon infection. Our patient presented with a fluctuant breast mass diagnosed as a breast abscess. An aspirate sample was sent for culture and sensitivities, which revealed the presence of Actinomyces turicensis and the anaerobe Peptoniphilus harei She was therefore prescribed several weeks of amoxicillin and metronidazole, and made a full recovery. There are only three case reports describing A. turicensis as a causative organism for breast abscess, one of which had also occurred in our department. One case also showed the additional presence of P. harei Our findings reveal a growing need for increasing clinician awareness of A. turicensis and the importance of aspirate sample culture and sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Le Bihan
- General Surgery, Buckinghamshire Healthcare NHS Trust, Aylesbury, UK
| | - Farid Ahmed
- Breast Surgery, Buckinghamshire Healthcare NHS Trust, Aylesbury, UK
| | - Jean O'Driscoll
- Microbiology, Buckinghamshire Healthcare NHS Trust, Aylesbury, UK
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31
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Nørskov-Lauritsen N, Claesson R, Jensen AB, Åberg CH, Haubek D. Aggregatibacter Actinomycetemcomitans: Clinical Significance of a Pathobiont Subjected to Ample Changes in Classification and Nomenclature. Pathogens 2019; 8:E243. [PMID: 31752205 PMCID: PMC6963667 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens8040243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans is a Gram-negative bacterium that is part of the oral microbiota. The aggregative nature of this pathogen or pathobiont is crucial to its involvement in human disease. It has been cultured from non-oral infections for more than a century, while its portrayal as an aetiological agent in periodontitis has emerged more recently. A. actinomycetemcomitans is one species among a plethora of microorganisms that constitute the oral microbiota. Although A. actinomycetemcomitans encodes several putative toxins, the complex interplay with other partners of the oral microbiota and the suppression of host response may be central for inflammation and infection in the oral cavity. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive update on the clinical significance, classification, and characterisation of A. actinomycetemcomitans, which has exclusive or predominant host specificity for humans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rolf Claesson
- Department of Odontology, Division of Oral Microbiology, Umeå University, S-901 87 Umeå, Sweden;
| | - Anne Birkeholm Jensen
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark;
| | - Carola Höglund Åberg
- Department of Odontology, Division of Molecular Periodontology, Umeå University, S-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Dorte Haubek
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark;
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32
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Murphy P, Mar WA, Allison D, Cornejo GA, Setty S, Giulianotti PC. Hepatic actinomycosis - A potential mimicker of malignancy. Radiol Case Rep 2019; 15:105-109. [PMID: 31762867 PMCID: PMC6864297 DOI: 10.1016/j.radcr.2019.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Actinomycosis is a rare granulomatous disease caused by commensal bacteria (Actinomycetaceae family) of the oropharynx, gastrointestinal, and urogenital tract. Infection most commonly involves the cervicofacial region but less frequently the abdominal region, typically secondary to a disruption of normal gastrointestinal mucosa. We present a patient with vague symptoms of fevers and myalgias and a recent diagnosis of rectal cancer. On CT, there were multiple centrally hypoattenuating hepatic lesions suspicious for metastasis vs abscesses, also confirmed by ultrasound. Initial image guided biopsy was non-diagnostic. Laparoscopic resection of one of the hepatic lesions showed pus consistent with an abscess. No organisms were identified by culture and a sample was sent to an outside laboratory for genomic polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis where Actinomyces DNA was isolated. This case report highlights a rare presentation of primary hepatic Actinomycosis and some of the challenges in diagnosing Actinomycosis due to its variable clinical and radiological manifestations and lack of diagnostic sensitivity by traditional microscopy and culture based techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Murphy
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Radiology, 1740 W Taylor St, Rm 2483, (MC 931), Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Winnie A Mar
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Radiology, 1740 W Taylor St, Rm 2483, (MC 931), Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - David Allison
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Pathology, 840 S. Wood St, Ste 130 CSN (MC 847), Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Gabriela Aguiluz Cornejo
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Surgery, 840 South Wood St, Ste 376 CSN (MC 958), Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Suman Setty
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Pathology, 840 S. Wood St, Ste 130 CSN (MC 847), Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Pier Cristoforo Giulianotti
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Surgery, 840 South Wood St, Ste 376 CSN (MC 958), Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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33
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Holmgaard DB, Marina D, Hansen F, Christensen JJ. Bacteremia and urogenital infection with Actinomyces urogenitalis following prolonged urinary retention. APMIS 2019; 128:20-24. [PMID: 31630449 DOI: 10.1111/apm.13000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A case of bacteremia with the fastidious bacteria Actinomyces urogenitalis following lengthy urinary retention is reported in a sixty-year-old man. In 2013, the first case of bacteremia due to A. urogenitalis was presented, secondary to a tubo-ovarian abscess following transvaginal oocyte retrieval. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first male bacteremic episode involving A. urogenitalis related to a urinary tract focus. The patient had no prior urogenital medical history. Extensive susceptibility testing was done on isolates from urinary and blood cultures. The organism exhibited fluoroquinolone resistance but was susceptible to most other antibiotics used in the treatment of urinary infections. Due to its unusual growth requirements infections with A. urogenitalis are most likely an underdiagnosed entity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Djordje Marina
- Department of Endocrinology, Hvidovre Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Frank Hansen
- Bacteria, Parasites & Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens Jørgen Christensen
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Slagelse Hospital, Slagelse, Denmark.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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34
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Tippett E, Goyal N, Guy S, Wong J. Actinomyces spp. bloodstream and deep vein thrombus infections in people who inject drugs. Infection 2018; 47:479-482. [PMID: 30406927 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-018-1246-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Actinomyces spp. cause several well-described syndromes including cervicofacial and pelvic infections. Actinomyces spp. infection as an opportunistic infection among people who inject drugs has rarely been described with few case reports published. METHODS AND RESULTS Here we describe four people who inject drugs admitted with Actinomyces spp. infections, all with an overlapping syndrome and who presented a challenge to both diagnose and to manage. DISCUSSION This case series highlights the potential to overlook Actinomyces spp. infection in people who inject drugs and aims to increase clinician awareness of diagnosis, empirical and directed treatment, and potential complications of this infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Tippett
- Western Health, Gordon St, Footscray, Melbourne, 3011, Australia.
| | - Nupur Goyal
- Eastern Health, 5 Arnold St, Box Hill, Melbourne, 3128, Australia
| | - Stephen Guy
- Western Health, Gordon St, Footscray, Melbourne, 3011, Australia.,Department of Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, Western Precinct, The University of Melbourne, St. Albans, VIC, 3021, Australia
| | - Jenny Wong
- Dorevitch Pathology, 18 Banksia St, Heidelberg, Melbourne, 3084, Australia
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35
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Actinomycosis Presenting as Macroglossia: Case Report and Review of Literature. Head Neck Pathol 2018; 13:327-330. [PMID: 30244331 PMCID: PMC6684727 DOI: 10.1007/s12105-018-0966-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Cervicofacial actinomycosis is a common form of Actinomyces infection. However, the latter seldom occurs in the tongue. We present a case of a 66 year-old man with macroglossia caused by actinomycosis of the tongue. Radiographic features were compatible with a chronic inflammatory disease. Biopsies revealed granulomas containing giant cells and Gram positive bacterial clusters consistent with actinomycosis. The patient was treated with a 22 week course of antibiotics. Imaging showed a notable improvement in the extent of the lesions 1 year later. The patient was asymptomatic and in good condition during his second year follow-up. Diagnosis of actinomycosis of the tongue can prove to be challenging because of the non-specific nature of its symptoms, clinical signs, and radiographic features. Isolation of Actinomyces sp. is an added diagnostic hurdle, because of its fastidious nature.
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Egal A, Etienney I, Beate H, Fléjou JF, Cuenod CA, Atienza P, Bauer P. Diagnosis and Management of a Cryptoglandular Actinomycotic Fistula-in-Ano: An Update on 7 New Cases and a Review of the Literature. Ann Coloproctol 2018; 34:152-156. [PMID: 29991204 PMCID: PMC6046537 DOI: 10.3393/ac.2017.07.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Primary anal actinomycosis of cryptoglandular origin, a rare cause of anal suppurative disease, requires specific management to be cured. The aims of this retrospective study were to describe clinical, morphological, and microbiological features of this entity and to evaluate management practices for new cases observed since 2001. Methods This was a retrospective case series conducted at the Diaconesses-Croix Saint-Simon Hospital in Paris. Results From January 2001 to July 2016, 7 patients, 6 males and 1 female (median, 49 years), presenting with an actinomycotic abscess with a cryptoglandular anal fistula were included for study. The main symptom was an acute painful ischioanal abscess. One patient exhibited macroscopic small yellow granules (“sulfur granules”), another “watery pus” and a third subcutaneous gluteal septic metastasis. All patients were overweight (body mass index ≥ 25 kg/m2). Histological study of surgically excised tissue established the diagnosis. All the patients were managed with a combination of classical surgical treatment and prolonged antibiotic therapy. No recurrence was observed during follow-up, the median follow-up being 3 years. Conclusion Actinomycosis should be suspected particularly when sulfur granules are present in the pus, patients have undergone multiple surgeries or suppuration has an unusual aspect. Careful histological examination and appropriate cultures of pus are needed to achieve complete eradication of this rare, but easily curable, disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel Egal
- Department of Proctological Surgery, Diaconesses-Croix Saint-Simon Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Etienney
- Department of Proctological Surgery, Diaconesses-Croix Saint-Simon Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Heym Beate
- Department of Microbiology, Diaconesses-Croix Saint-Simon Hospital, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Patrick Atienza
- Department of Proctological Surgery, Diaconesses-Croix Saint-Simon Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Bauer
- Department of Proctological Surgery, Diaconesses-Croix Saint-Simon Hospital, Paris, France
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Whole-Genome Sequencing of Aggregatibacter Species Isolated from Human Clinical Specimens and Description of Aggregatibacter kilianii sp. nov. J Clin Microbiol 2018; 56:JCM.00053-18. [PMID: 29695522 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00053-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aggregatibacter species are commensal bacteria of human mucosal surfaces that are sometimes involved in serious invasive infections. During the investigation of strains cultured from various clinical specimens, we encountered a coherent group of 10 isolates that could not be allocated to any validly named species by phenotype, mass spectrometry, or partial 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Whole-genome sequencing revealed a phylogenetic cluster related to but separate from Aggregatibacter aphrophilus The mean in silico DNA hybridization value for strains of the new cluster versus A. aphrophilus was 56% (range, 53.7 to 58.0%), whereas the average nucleotide identity was 94.4% (range, 93.9 to 94.8%). The new cluster exhibited aggregative properties typical of the genus Aggregatibacter Key phenotypic tests for discrimination of the new cluster from validly named Aggregatibacter species are alanine-phenylalanine-proline arylamidase, N-acetylglucosamine, and β-galactosidase. The name Aggregatibacter kilianii is proposed, with PN_528 (CCUG 70536T or DSM 105094T) as the type strain.
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Actinomyces meyeri: A Rare Cause of Postsurgical Pelvic Actinomycosis. Case Rep Obstet Gynecol 2018; 2018:3842048. [PMID: 30034893 PMCID: PMC6032818 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3842048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Actinomyces meyeri bacterium resides on mucosal surfaces and is uncommonly pathogenic. When A. meyeri does cause infection, these infections are typically pulmonary in origin and have the capacity to disseminate throughout the body. A. meyeri is an uncommon cause of pelvic infection. We present a unique case of a posthysterectomy abscess caused by this particular bacterium.
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Abstract
Modern day endodontics is undergoing a massive change with the introduction of new molecular based techniques for microbial identification. This review focuses on the microbiota in untreated and root-filled canals. It will also describe briefly the recent developments in microbial identification and the mechanisms by which certain species of microbes are able to invade and establish themselves in the root canal.
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Cobo F. Breast abscess due to Actinomyces turicensis in a non-puerperal woman. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 2017; 36:388-389. [PMID: 29132943 DOI: 10.1016/j.eimc.2017.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 09/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Cobo
- Department of Microbiology, Instituto Biosanitario de Granada, Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain.
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Actinomyces radicidentis and Actinomyces haliotis, coccoid Actinomyces species isolated from the human oral cavity. Anaerobe 2017. [PMID: 28647397 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2017.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
There are few reports on the bacterial species Actinomyces radicidentis in the literature. In this study, putative A. radicidentis isolates were collected from 16 root canal samples from 601 examined patients. The isolates were examined by biochemical tests, 16S rRNA gene sequencing, Arbitrarily-primed (AP-) PCR, antibiotic susceptibility testing, and MALDI-TOF analyses. In parallel, two A. radicidentis reference strains and two putative A. radicidentis isolates from United Kingdom were tested. Sixteen of the 18 isolates were confirmed as A. radicidentis. The remaining two isolates, both of which were isolated from root canals (one from Sweden and the other from the UK), but were identified as Actinomyces haliotis by sequencing ∼ 1300 base pairs of the 16S rRNA-gene. This isolates had a divergent, but between them similar, AP-PCR pattern, and a common distribution of sequence signatures in the 16S rRNA gene, but were not identified by MALDI-TOF. A. haliotis is a close relative to A. radicidentis, hitherto only been described from a sea-snail. The identity of A. haliotis was confirmed by a phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences with species specific sequences included, and by additional biochemical tests. The examined bacteria exhibited similar antibiotic susceptibility patterns when tested for 10 separate antibiotic classes with E-tests (bioMérieux). The MIC90 for β-lactams (benzylpenicillin and cefuroxime) and vancomycin was 0.5 mg/L, for colistin and ciprofloxacin 8 mg/mL and for the other antibiotic classes ≤ 25 mg/mL The isolation of A. haliotis from infected dental root canals cast doubt on the accepted opinion that all Actinomyces infections have an endogenous source.
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Gillespie A, Bortolami A, Crosby‐Durrani H, Verin R. An unusual presentation of actinomycosis in a dairy cow. VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS 2017. [DOI: 10.1136/vetreccr-2016-000395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amy Gillespie
- School of Veterinary ScienceUniversity of LiverpoolNestonUK
| | | | | | - Ranieri Verin
- School of Veterinary ScienceUniversity of LiverpoolNestonUK
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Guet-Revillet H, Coignard-Biehler H, Jais JP, Quesne G, Frapy E, Poirée S, Le Guern AS, Le Flèche-Matéos A, Hovnanian A, Consigny PH, Lortholary O, Nassif X, Nassif A, Join-Lambert O. Bacterial pathogens associated with hidradenitis suppurativa, France. Emerg Infect Dis 2016; 20:1990-8. [PMID: 25418454 PMCID: PMC4257786 DOI: 10.3201/eid2012.140064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a skin disease characterized by recurrent nodules or abscesses and chronic suppurating lesions. In the absence of clear pathophysiology, HS is considered to be an inflammatory disease and has no satisfactory medical treatment. Recently, prolonged antimicrobial treatments were shown to improve or resolve HS lesions. We prospectively studied the microbiology of 102 HS lesions sampled from 82 patients using prolonged bacterial cultures and bacterial metagenomics on 6 samples. Staphylococcus lugdunensis was cultured as a unique or predominant isolate from 58% of HS nodules and abscesses, and a polymicrobial anaerobic microflora comprising strict anaerobes, milleri group streptococci, and actinomycetes was found in 24% of abscesses or nodules and in 87% of chronic suppurating lesions. These data show that bacteria known to cause soft tissue and skin infections are associated with HS lesions. Whether these pathogens are the cause of the lesions or are secondary infectious agents, these findings support targeted antimicrobial treatment of HS.
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Rolfe R, Steed LL, Salgado C, Kilby JM. Actinomyces meyeri, a Common Agent of Actinomycosis. Am J Med Sci 2016; 352:53-62. [PMID: 27432035 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2016.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Revised: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Actinomyces, particularly Actinomyces israelii, may cause indolent, persistent infections or represent normal mucosal flora, leading to management dilemmas. MATERIALS AND METHODS Prompted by a refractory Actinomyces meyeri infection complicating AIDS, clinical data for all Actinomyces isolates at our hospital laboratory since 1998 were analyzed. RESULTS A total of 140 cases had a positive result for Actinomyces cultures. Of 130 cases with adequate follow-up, 36 (28%) cases had end-organ or disseminated disease treated with prolonged antibiotics or surgery or both (Group 1). A. meyeri was more common than A. israelii (33% versus 8%; P < 0.05) in Group 1, particularly thoracic infections. Another 56 (43%) cases were considered local pathogens, treated with drainage only or short-course antibiotics (Group 2). Another 38 (29%) cases were deemed commensals (Group 3). Immunosuppression was less frequent in Group 1 versus Group 2 or 3 (P = 0.05) and human immunodeficiency virus or AIDS was uncommon. Foreign bodies or devices (Group 1 versus Group 2 or 3, P = 0.003) and alcoholism (Group 1 versus Group 2 or 3; P = 0.03) were associated with actinomycosis. Isolates from the central nervous system and musculoskeletal sites were more often treated as definitive disease; skin, abdominal or pelvic or single blood culture isolates were more likely commensals (all P < 0.05). Disease progression or recurrence did not occur in Groups 2 and 3, whereas Group 1 had complex and variable courses, including 2 deaths. CONCLUSIONS In the absence of disseminated or end-organ disease, avoiding prolonged therapy for Actinomyces isolates was not associated with adverse outcomes. Alcoholism or foreign bodies were associated with actinomycosis. A. meyeri may be a more common cause of actinomycosis than previously recognized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Rolfe
- Internal Medicine Residency Training Program, The University of Alabama of Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Lisa L Steed
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Cassandra Salgado
- Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina.
| | - J Michael Kilby
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
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Zelyas N, Gee S, Nilsson B, Bennett T, Rennie R. Infections Caused by Actinomyces neuii: A Case Series and Review of an Unusual Bacterium. THE CANADIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES & MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY = JOURNAL CANADIEN DES MALADIES INFECTIEUSES ET DE LA MICROBIOLOGIE MEDICALE 2016; 2016:6017605. [PMID: 27366175 PMCID: PMC4904567 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6017605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Background. Actinomyces neuii is a Gram-positive bacillus rarely implicated in human infections. However, its occurrence is being increasingly recognized with the use of improved identification systems. Objective. To analyse A. neuii infections in Alberta, Canada, and review the literature regarding this unusual pathogen. Methods. Cases of A. neuii were identified in 2013-2014 in Alberta. Samples were cultured aerobically and anaerobically. A predominant catalase positive Gram-positive coryneform bacillus with no branching was isolated in each case. Testing was initially done with API-CORYNE® (bioMérieux) and isolates were sent to the Provincial Laboratory for Public Health for further testing. Isolates' identities were confirmed by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry microbial identification system (MALDI-TOF MS MIS; bioMérieux) and/or DNA sequencing. Results. Six cases of A. neuii infection were identified. All patients had soft tissue infections; typically, incision and drainage were done followed by a course of antibiotics. Agents used included cephalexin, ertapenem, ciprofloxacin, and clindamycin. All had favourable outcomes. Conclusions. While A. neuii is infrequently recognized, it can cause a diverse array of infections. Increased use of MALDI-TOF MS MIS is leading to increased detection; thus, understanding the pathogenicity of this bacterium and its typical susceptibility profile will aid clinical decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Zelyas
- Provincial Laboratory for Public Health, Walter Mackenzie Health Sciences Centre, University of Alberta Hospital, 8440-112 Street, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2J2
| | - Susan Gee
- Provincial Laboratory for Public Health, Walter Mackenzie Health Sciences Centre, University of Alberta Hospital, 8440-112 Street, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2J2
| | - Barb Nilsson
- Queen Elizabeth II Hospital, 10409-98 Street, Grande Prairie, AB, Canada T8V 2E8
| | - Tracy Bennett
- Red Deer Regional Hospital, 3942-50a Avenue, Red Deer, AB, Canada T4N 4E7
| | - Robert Rennie
- Provincial Laboratory for Public Health, Walter Mackenzie Health Sciences Centre, University of Alberta Hospital, 8440-112 Street, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2J2
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Application of Identification of Bacteria by DNA Target Sequencing in a Clinical Microbiology Laboratory. Mol Microbiol 2016. [DOI: 10.1128/9781555819071.ch2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Walther K, Bruder E, Goldenberger D, Mayr J, Schaad UB, Ritz N. Actinomyces neuii Isolated From a 20-Month-Old Girl With Cervical Lymphadenitis. J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc 2015; 4:e32-7. [PMID: 26407440 DOI: 10.1093/jpids/piu096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Actinomycetes are Gram-positive bacteria that can be part of the normal human flora of the gastrointestinal, pulmonary, and genital tract. Infections are rare, slowly progressing and most commonly affect the cervicofacial region. Actinomyces israelii is the most frequently isolated species but a number of other species may cause infection. We report the first postnatally acquired case of an actinomycosis caused by A. neuii in a child. We also provide a systematic review of all published cases of A. neuii infections. In children, there is one case report of a premature infant with perinatally acquired A. neuii sepsis. In adults 21 cases have currently been reported and A. neuii infection was associated with endophthalmitis after eye surgery, foreign material-associated infection and abscess formation in the inguinal, axillary, and mammary area. Our case highlights that a A. neuii infection is also a potential differential diagnosis in children with chronic lymphadenitis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Johannes Mayr
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, University Children's Hospital Basel
| | | | - Nicole Ritz
- Paediatric Infectious Diseases Unit Paediatric Infectious Diseases Unit, Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Australia
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Abstract
Actinomycosis is a chronic infection caused by Actinomyces species characterized by abscess formation, tissue fibrosis, and draining sinuses. The spectrum of infections caused by Actinomyces species ranges from classical invasive actinomycosis to a less invasive form of superficial skin and soft tissue infection. We present a review detailing all Actinomyces species isolated from breast infections in NHS Lothian between 2005 and 2013, Actinomyces species isolated from breast infections referred to the United Kingdom Anaerobe Reference Unit between 1988 and 2014, and cases describing Actinomyces breast infections published in the medical literature since 1994. Actinomyces species are fastidious organisms which can be difficult to identify and are likely to be underascertained as a cause of breast infections. Due to improved diagnostic methods, they are increasingly associated with chronic, recurrent breast infections and may play a more significant role in these infections than has previously been appreciated.
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Abstract
Actinomyces israelii has long been recognized as a causative agent of actinomycosis. During the past 3 decades, a large number of novel Actinomyces species have been described. Their detection and identification in clinical microbiology laboratories and recognition as pathogens in clinical settings can be challenging. With the introduction of advanced molecular methods, knowledge about their clinical relevance is gradually increasing, and the spectrum of diseases associated with Actinomyces and Actinomyces-like organisms is widening accordingly; for example, Actinomyces meyeri, Actinomyces neuii, and Actinomyces turicensis as well as Actinotignum (formerly Actinobaculum) schaalii are emerging as important causes of specific infections at various body sites. In the present review, we have gathered this information to provide a comprehensive and microbiologically consistent overview of the significance of Actinomyces and some closely related taxa in human infections.
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Abstract
Outbreaks and pseudo-outbreaks of infection related to bronchoscopy typically involve Gram-negative bacteria, Mycobacterium species or Legionella species. We report an unusual bronchoscopy-related pseudo-outbreak due to Actinomyces graevenitzii. Extensive epidemiological and microbiological investigation failed to identify a common source. Strain typing revealed that the cluster was comprised of heterogeneous strains of A. graevenitzii. A change in laboratory procedures for Actinomyces cultures was coincident with the emergence of the pseudo-outbreak, and we determined that A. graevenitzii isolates more readily adopted a white, dry, molar tooth appearance on anaerobic colistin nalidixic acid (CNA) agar which likely facilitated its detection and identification in bronchoscopic specimens. This unusual pseudo-outbreak was related to frequent requests of bronchoscopists for Actinomyces cultures combined with a change in microbiology laboratory practices.
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