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Fernandez-Colorado CP, Kim WH, Flores RA, Min W. African Swine Fever in the Philippines: A Review on Surveillance, Prevention, and Control Strategies. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1816. [PMID: 38929435 PMCID: PMC11200829 DOI: 10.3390/ani14121816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF), a highly contagious disease of swine, has posed a significant global threat to the swine industry. As an archipelago, the Philippines has a geographic advantage when it comes to the risk of ASF transmission. However, since its introduction to the Philippines in 2019, it has proliferated not only in backyard and commercial farms but also in wild pig populations. While certain parts of the country were more affected than others, the epidemiologic features of ASF necessitate that all affected areas must be closely monitored and that confirmed cases be treated with the utmost care. With the very limited data on ASF epidemiology and surveillance in the Philippines, future efforts to combat ASF must place even greater emphasis on improved prevention and control strategies. It is worth mentioning that the government's efforts toward comprehensive ASF surveillance and epidemiological investigation into the possible ASFV sources or transmission pathways are the most important measures in the prevention and control of ASF outbreaks. This review article provides a comprehensive overview of the current swine industry and ASF situation in the Philippines, which includes its epidemiology, surveillance, prevention, and control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cherry P. Fernandez-Colorado
- Department of Veterinary Paraclinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Los Baños 4031, Laguna, Philippines
| | - Woo Hyun Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Institute of Animal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (W.H.K.); (R.A.F.); (W.M.)
| | - Rochelle A. Flores
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Institute of Animal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (W.H.K.); (R.A.F.); (W.M.)
| | - Wongi Min
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Institute of Animal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (W.H.K.); (R.A.F.); (W.M.)
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2
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Zhao Y, Yang M, Zhou C, Guo B, Wang K, Song C, Wang H. Establishment of a simple, sensitive, and specific ASFV detection method based on Pyrococcus furiosus argonaute. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 254:116230. [PMID: 38520983 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF), which is casued by African swine fever virus (ASFV), is a fatal infectious disease of pigs that results in significant losses to the breeding industry. Therefore, screening and detection are crucial for the control and prevention of the ASFV. Argonaute is a new detection tool that is being extensively used due to its high specificity and programmability. This study reports on a new nucleic acid assay method, termed REPD, which uses recombinase-aided amplification and restriction endonuclease-assisted Pyrococcus furiosus argonaute (PfAgo) detection. One-pot REPD was developed for the detection of ASFV. The one-pot REPD could detect a single copy of ASFV nucleic acid and showed no cross-reactivity with other pathogens. Detection in clinical samples was 100% consistent with the results of real-time PCR analysis. The results showed that the one-pot REPD assay is convenient, sensitive, specific, and potentially adaptable to the detection of ASFV. In summary, this study highlights a novel method that can be employed for the detection of pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhao
- Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ming Yang
- Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Changyu Zhou
- Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Boyan Guo
- Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Kailu Wang
- Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Cailiang Song
- Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hongning Wang
- Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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Zhu D, Su T, Sun T, Qin X, Su S, Bai Y, Li F, Zhao D, Shao G, Chao J, Feng Z, Wang L. Enhancing Point-of-Care Diagnosis of African Swine Fever Virus (ASFV) DNA with the CRISPR-Cas12a-Assisted Triplex Amplified Assay. Anal Chem 2024; 96:5178-5187. [PMID: 38500378 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c05364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Accurate, ultrasensitive, and point-of-care (POC) diagnosis of the African swine fever virus (ASFV) remains imperative to prevent its spread and limit the losses incurred. Herein, we propose a CRISPR-Cas12a-assisted triplex amplified colorimetric assay for ASFV DNA detection with ultrahigh sensitivity and specificity. The specific recognition of recombinase aided amplification (RAA)-amplified ASFV DNA could activate the Cas12a/crRNA/ASFV DNA complex, leading to the digestion of the linker DNA (bio-L1) on magnetic beads (MBs), thereby preventing its binding of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) network. After magnetic separation, the release of AuNPs network comprising a substantial quantity of AuNPs could lead to a discernible alteration in color and significantly amplify the plasmonic signal, which could be read by spectrophotometers or smartphones. By combining the RAA, CRISPR/Cas12a-assisted cleavage, and AuNPs network-mediated colorimetric amplification together, the assay could detect as low as 0.1 copies/μL ASFV DNA within 1 h. The assay showed an accuracy of 100% for the detection of ASFV DNA in 16 swine tissue fluid samples, demonstrating its potential for on-site diagnosis of ASFV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Tong Su
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Tao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xingcai Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shao Su
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yun Bai
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Fang Li
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Dongming Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Guoqing Shao
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Jie Chao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhixin Feng
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Lianhui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
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Hiremath J, Hemadri D, Nayakvadi S, Kumar C, Gowda CSS, Sharma D, Ramamoorthy R, Mamatha SS, Patil S, Ranjini RA, Jayamohanan TV, Swapna SA, Gulati BR. Epidemiological investigation of ASF outbreaks in Kerala (India): detection, source tracing and economic implications. Vet Res Commun 2024; 48:827-837. [PMID: 37955753 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-023-10254-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates suspected African swine fever (ASF) outbreaks in two villages of Kannur district in Kerala, India, with the aim of identifying the causative agent and its genotype, the source of infection, and estimating the economic losses due to the outbreaks. Clinically, the disease was acute with high mortality, while gross pathology was characterized by widespread haemorrhages in various organs, especially the spleen, which was dark, enlarged and had friable cut surfaces with diffuse haemorrhages. Notably, histopathological examination revealed multifocal, diffuse haemorrhages in the splenic parenchyma and lymphoid depletion accompanied by lymphoid cell necrosis. The clinico-pathological observations were suggestive of ASF, which was confirmed by PCR. The source of outbreak was identified as swill and it was a likely point source infection as revealed by epidemic curve analysis. The phylogenetic analysis of p72 gene identified the ASFV in the current outbreak as genotype-II and IGR II variant consistent with ASFVs detected in India thus far. However, the sequence analysis of the Central Variable Region (CVR) of the B602L gene showed that the ASFVs circulating in Kerala (South India) formed a separate clade along with those found in Mizoram (North East India), while ASFVs circulating in Arunachal Pradesh and Assam states of India grouped in to different clade. This study represents the first investigation of ASF outbreak in South India, establishing the genetic relatedness of the ASFV circulating in this region with that in other parts of the country. The study also underscores the utility of the CVR of the B602L gene in genetically characterizing highly similar Genotype II ASFVs to understand the spread of ASF within the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagadish Hiremath
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (NIVEDI), Yelahanka, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Divakar Hemadri
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (NIVEDI), Yelahanka, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Shivasharanappa Nayakvadi
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (NIVEDI), Yelahanka, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Chethan Kumar
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (NIVEDI), Yelahanka, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Damini Sharma
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (NIVEDI), Yelahanka, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Rajendran Ramamoorthy
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (NIVEDI), Yelahanka, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Suresh Shankanahalli Mamatha
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (NIVEDI), Yelahanka, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Sharanagouda Patil
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (NIVEDI), Yelahanka, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | | | | | - Susan Abraham Swapna
- Department of Animal Husbandry, State Institute for Animal Diseases, Palode, Kerala, India
| | - Baldev Raj Gulati
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (NIVEDI), Yelahanka, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
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Muzykina L, Barrado-Gil L, Gonzalez-Bulnes A, Crespo-Piazuelo D, Cerón JJ, Alonso C, Montoya M. Overview of Modern Commercial Kits for Laboratory Diagnosis of African Swine Fever and Swine Influenza A Viruses. Viruses 2024; 16:505. [PMID: 38675848 PMCID: PMC11054272 DOI: 10.3390/v16040505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Rapid and early detection of infectious diseases in pigs is important, especially for the implementation of control measures in suspected cases of African swine fever (ASF), as an effective and safe vaccine is not yet available in most of the affected countries. Additionally, analysis for swine influenza is of significance due to its high morbidity rate (up to 100%) despite a lower mortality rate compared to ASF. The wide distribution of swine influenza A virus (SwIAV) across various countries, the emergence of constantly new recombinant strains, and the danger of human infection underscore the need for rapid and accurate diagnosis. Several diagnostic approaches and commercial methods should be applied depending on the scenario, type of sample and the objective of the studies being implemented. At the early diagnosis of an outbreak, virus genome detection using a variety of PCR assays proves to be the most sensitive and specific technique. As the disease evolves, serology gains diagnostic value, as specific antibodies appear later in the course of the disease (after 7-10 days post-infection (DPI) for ASF and between 10-21 DPI for SwIAV). The ongoing development of commercial kits with enhanced sensitivity and specificity is evident. This review aims to analyse recent advances and current commercial kits utilised for the diagnosis of ASF and SwIAV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larysa Muzykina
- Molecular Biomedicine Department, The Margarita Salas Centre for Biological Research (CIB) of the Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), C. Ramiro de Maeztu, 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Lucía Barrado-Gil
- Department of Biotechnology, INIA-CSIC, Centro Nacional Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Ctra. de la Coruña Km 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (L.B.-G.); (C.A.)
| | - Antonio Gonzalez-Bulnes
- R&D Department, Cuarte S.L., Grupo Jorge, Ctra. de Logroño km 9.2, Monzalbarba, 50120 Zaragoza, Spain; (A.G.-B.); (D.C.-P.)
| | - Daniel Crespo-Piazuelo
- R&D Department, Cuarte S.L., Grupo Jorge, Ctra. de Logroño km 9.2, Monzalbarba, 50120 Zaragoza, Spain; (A.G.-B.); (D.C.-P.)
| | - Jose Joaquin Cerón
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis (Interlab-UMU), University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain;
| | - Covadonga Alonso
- Department of Biotechnology, INIA-CSIC, Centro Nacional Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Ctra. de la Coruña Km 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (L.B.-G.); (C.A.)
| | - María Montoya
- Molecular Biomedicine Department, The Margarita Salas Centre for Biological Research (CIB) of the Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), C. Ramiro de Maeztu, 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
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Deb R, Sengar GS, Sonowal J, Pegu SR, Das PJ, Singh I, Chakravarti S, Selvaradjou A, Attupurum N, Rajkhowa S, Gupta VK. Transcriptome signatures of host tissue infected with African swine fever virus reveal differential expression of associated oncogenes. Arch Virol 2024; 169:54. [PMID: 38381218 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-023-05959-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) has emerged as a threat to swine production worldwide. Evasion of host immunity by ASF virus (ASFV) is well understood. However, the role of ASFV in triggering oncogenesis is still unclear. In the present study, ASFV-infected kidney tissue samples were subjected to Illumina-based transcriptome analysis. A total of 2463 upregulated and 825 downregulated genes were differentially expressed (p < 0.05). A literature review revealed that the majority of the differentially expressed host genes were key molecules in signaling pathways involved in oncogenesis. Bioinformatic analysis indicated the activation of certain oncogenic KEGG pathways, including basal cell carcinoma, breast cancer, transcriptional deregulation in cancer, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Analysis of host-virus interactions revealed that the upregulated oncogenic RELA (p65 transcription factor) protein of Sus scrofa can interact with the A238L (hypothetical protein of unknown function) of ASFV. Differential expression of oncogenes was confirmed by qRT-PCR, using the H3 histone family 3A gene (H3F3A) as an internal control to confirm the RNA-Seq data. The levels of gene expression indicated by qRT-PCR matched closely to those determined through RNA-Seq. These findings open up new possibilities for investigation of the mechanisms underlying ASFV infection and offer insights into the dynamic interaction between viral infection and oncogenic processes. However, as these investigations were conducted on pigs that died from natural ASFV infection, the role of ASFV in oncogenesis still needs to be investigated in controlled experimental studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajib Deb
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Pig, Rani, Guwahati, Assam, 781131, India.
| | | | - Joyshikh Sonowal
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Pig, Rani, Guwahati, Assam, 781131, India
- Multidisciplinary Research Unit, Jorhat Medical College and Hospital, Jorhat, Assam, 785001, India
| | - Seema Rani Pegu
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Pig, Rani, Guwahati, Assam, 781131, India
| | - Pranab Jyoti Das
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Pig, Rani, Guwahati, Assam, 781131, India.
| | | | - Soumendu Chakravarti
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP, 243122, India
- Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | | | - Nitin Attupurum
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Pig, Rani, Guwahati, Assam, 781131, India
| | - Swaraj Rajkhowa
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Pig, Rani, Guwahati, Assam, 781131, India
| | - Vivek Kumar Gupta
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Pig, Rani, Guwahati, Assam, 781131, India.
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Liu HC, Liu RC, Hu MR, Yang AB, Wu RH, Chen Y, Zhang J, Bai JS, Wu SB, Chen JP, Long YF, Jiang Y, Zhou B. Development of high-concentration labeled colloidal gold immunochromatographic test strips for detecting african swine fever virus p30 protein antibodies. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25214. [PMID: 38318035 PMCID: PMC10840002 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
African Swine Fever (ASF), caused by the African swine fever virus (ASFV), has inflicted significant economic losses on the pig industry in China. The key to mitigating its impact lies in accurate screening and strict biosecurity measures. In this regard, the development of colloidal gold immunochromatographic test strips (CGITS) has proven to be an effective method for detecting ASFV antibodies. These test strips are based on the ASFV p30 recombinant protein and corresponding monoclonal antibodies. The design of the test strip incorporates a high-concentration colloidal gold-labeled p30 recombinant protein as the detection sensor, utilizing Staphylococcal Protein A (SPA) as the test line (T line), and p30 monoclonal antibody as the control line (C line). The sensitivity and specificity of the test strip were evaluated after optimizing the labeling concentration, pH, and protein dosage. The research findings revealed that the optimal colloidal gold labeling concentration was 0.05 %, the optimal pH was 8.4, and the optimal protein dosage was 10 μg/mL. Under these conditions, the CGITS demonstrated a detection limit of 1:512 dilution of ASFV standard positive serum, without exhibiting cross-reactivity with antibodies against other viral pathogens. Furthermore, the test strips remained stable for up to 20 days when stored at 50 °C and 4 °C. Comparatively, the CGITS outperformed commercial ELISA kits, displaying a sensitivity of 90.9 % and a specificity of 96.2 %. Subsequently, 108 clinical sera were tested to assess its performance. The data showed that the coincidence rate between the CGITS and ELISA was 93.5 %. In conclusion, the rapid colloidal gold test strip provides an efficient and reliable screening tool for on-site clinical detection of ASF in China. Its accuracy, stability, and simplicity make it a valuable asset in combating the spread of ASF and limiting its impact on the pig industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huai-cheng Liu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Rong-chao Liu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Mei-rong Hu
- GuangDong Winsun Bio-Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, 511356, China
| | - Ao-bing Yang
- GuangDong Winsun Bio-Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, 511356, China
| | - Ren-hu Wu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yan Chen
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Ji-shan Bai
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Sheng-bo Wu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jian-peng Chen
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yun-feng Long
- Animal, Plant and Food Inspection Center, Nanjing Customs, Nanjing 210019, China
| | - Yan Jiang
- Animal, Plant and Food Inspection Center, Nanjing Customs, Nanjing 210019, China
| | - Bin Zhou
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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Mehinagic K, Liniger M, Samoilenko M, Soltermann N, Gerber M, Ruggli N. A sensitive luciferase reporter assay for the detection of infectious African swine fever virus. J Virol Methods 2024; 323:114854. [PMID: 37989458 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2023.114854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
African swine fever virus (ASFV) is a complex DNA virus causing severe hemorrhagic disease in domestic pigs and wild boar. The disease has spread worldwide, with important socio-economic consequences. Early virus detection and control measures are crucial as there are no effective vaccines nor antivirals on the market. While the diagnosis of ASFV is fast and based primarily on qPCR, the detection of infectious ASFV is a labor-intensive process requiring susceptible macrophages and subsequent antibody-based staining or hemadsorption. The latter cannot detect ASFV isolates devoid of functional CD2v (EP402R) expression. Here, we report the development of a plasmid-based reporter assay (RA) for the sensitive detection and titration of infectious ASFV. To this end, we constructed a plasmid for secreted NanoLuc luciferase (secNluc) expression driven by the ASFV DNA polymerase gene G1211R promoter. Infection of plasmid-transfected immortalized porcine kidney macrophages (IPKM) followed by measurement of secNluc from cell culture supernatants allowed reliable automated quantification of infectious ASFV. The RA-based titers matched the titers determined by conventional p72-staining or hemadsorption protocols. The novel assay is specific for ASFV as it does not detect classical swine fever virus nor porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. It is applicable to ASFV of different genotypes, virulence, and sources, including ASFV from sera and whole blood from infected pigs as well as non-hemadsorbing ASFV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kemal Mehinagic
- Division of Virology, Institute of Virology and Immunology IVI, Mittelhäusern and Bern, Switzerland; Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Liniger
- Division of Virology, Institute of Virology and Immunology IVI, Mittelhäusern and Bern, Switzerland; Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Maksym Samoilenko
- Division of Virology, Institute of Virology and Immunology IVI, Mittelhäusern and Bern, Switzerland; Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nick Soltermann
- Division of Virology, Institute of Virology and Immunology IVI, Mittelhäusern and Bern, Switzerland; Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Markus Gerber
- Division of Virology, Institute of Virology and Immunology IVI, Mittelhäusern and Bern, Switzerland; Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Ruggli
- Division of Virology, Institute of Virology and Immunology IVI, Mittelhäusern and Bern, Switzerland; Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
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9
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Hang Vu TT, Le VP, Jeong DG, Yeom M, Oh J, Kang B, Park SK, Song D. Establishment of a p30-based lateral flow assay for African swine fever virus detection. J Virol Methods 2023; 322:114823. [PMID: 37748737 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2023.114823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
African swine fever virus (ASFV) has continuously devastated the global pig industry. Viral persistence causes problems in large pig farms and kills small farms. Timely diagnostic tools play an important role in controlling outbreaks and minimizing losses. In this study, we developed a lateral flow assay to detect ASFV on-site. The VDRG® ASFV Ag Rapid Kit was established using two monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against the p30 protein. The conjunction pad of the kit was coated with a mixture of the mAb and colloidal gold. This rapid kit was capable of detecting 11.5 ng of antigen and 0.16 HAD50 of virus from samples, in 20 min for the entire procedure. It passed cross-specific tests using common viruses that cause infectious diseases in pigs. ASFV was detected after 4 days in experimental infection in pigs by the kit. The specificity and sensitivity of the kit for clinical samples were 99.88% and 84.52% (93.8% for samples with a Ct value below 30), respectively. Finally, the kit can detect 100% positive herd outbreaks. The VDRG® ASFV Ag Rapid Kit presents a useful point-of-care tool for ASFV detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Thu Hang Vu
- College of Pharmacy, Korea University, Sejong, Republic of Korea
| | - Van Phan Le
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi 131001, Viet Nam
| | - Dae Gwin Jeong
- Bionanotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Bio-Analytical Science Division, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Minjoo Yeom
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinsik Oh
- Median Diagnostics, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24399, Republic of Korea
| | - BoKyu Kang
- Median Diagnostics, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24399, Republic of Korea
| | - Song-Kyu Park
- College of Pharmacy, Korea University, Sejong, Republic of Korea.
| | - Daesub Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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10
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Okwasiimire R, Kayaga EB, Ekakoro JE, Ndoboli D, Schumann K, Faburay B, Nassali A, Hauser C, Ochoa K, Wampande EM, Havas KA. Spatiotemporal description of African swine fever virus nucleic acid and antibodies detected in pigs sampled at abattoirs in the greater Kampala metropolitan area, Uganda from May 2021 through June 2022. Porcine Health Manag 2023; 9:51. [PMID: 37919811 PMCID: PMC10623799 DOI: 10.1186/s40813-023-00345-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND African swine fever virus (ASFV) infections in Africa cause hemorrhagic disease in domestic pigs and is maintained by a sylvatic cycle in warthogs. It is endemic in Uganda, leading to significant economic losses. Previous studies performed in rural areas and in Kampala had differing diagnostic results. The purpose of this study was to provide a robust spatial, temporal, and diagnostic summary of pigs slaughtered in the greater Kampala metropolitan area over the course of one year. This study characterized 1208 to 1323 serum, blood, and tissue samples collected from pigs at six abattoirs in the greater Kampala metropolitan area of Uganda monthly from May 2021 through June 2022. Validated and standardized serologic and molecular diagnostics were used. RESULTS Only 0.15% of pigs had detectable antibodies against ASFV, suggesting low survival rates or pre-clinical diagnosis. Yet, 59.5% of pigs were positive for ASFV DNA. Blood had the lowest detection rate (15.3%) while tonsil and lymph nodes had the highest (38% and 37.5%, respectively), spleen samples (31.5%) were in between. Agreement between sample types was fair to moderate overall. A significant seasonality of ASFV infections emerged with infections found predominately in the dry seasons. Spatial assessments revealed that the greater Kampala metropolitan area abattoirs have a catchment area that overlaps with Uganda's most pig dense regions. CONCLUSIONS Pigs at greater Kampala metropolitan area abattoirs can be sentinels for acute disease throughout the pig dense region of Uganda, particularly in the dry seasons. The high prevalence detected suggests that pigs are sold in response to local reports of ASFV infections (panic sales). Serological surveillance is not useful, as very few pigs seroconverted in this study prior to slaughter. In contrast, tissue samples of pigs can be used to detect disease using qPCR methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodney Okwasiimire
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, P.O.Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Edrine B Kayaga
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, P.O.Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
| | - John E Ekakoro
- Department of Public and Ecosystem Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853-6401, USA
| | - Dickson Ndoboli
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, P.O.Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Kate Schumann
- Foreign Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, Veterinary Services, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Services, United States Department of Agriculture, National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Greenport, NY, USA
| | - Bonto Faburay
- Foreign Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, Veterinary Services, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Services, United States Department of Agriculture, National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Greenport, NY, USA
| | - Aisha Nassali
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, P.O.Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Cole Hauser
- Department of Public and Ecosystem Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853-6401, USA
| | - Krista Ochoa
- Department of Public and Ecosystem Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853-6401, USA
| | - Eddie M Wampande
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, P.O.Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Karyn A Havas
- Department of Public and Ecosystem Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853-6401, USA.
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11
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Pegu SR, Deb R, Das PJ, Sengar GS, Yadav AK, Rajkhowa S, Paul S, Gupta VK. Development of multiplex PCR assay for simultaneous detection of African swine fever, porcine circo and porcine parvo viral infection from clinical samples. Anim Biotechnol 2023; 34:1883-1890. [PMID: 35343866 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2022.2053698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
A diagnostic method for simultaneously detecting and distinguishing African Swine Fever (ASF), porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2), and porcine parvovirus (PPV) in clinical specimens is critical for differential diagnosis, monitoring, and control in the field. Three primer pairs were designed and used to create a multiplex PCR assay. In addition, 356 porcine post mortem tissue samples from various parts of India's North Eastern region were tested by the developed multiplex PCR assay to demonstrate its accuracy. Using the designed primers, each of the ASF, PCV2 and PPV target genes was amplified, but no other porcine virus genes were detected. The assay's limit of detection was 102 copies/µl of PCV2, PPV, or ASFV. The detection of PCV2, PPV, and ASF in postmortem tissue samples revealed that they are co-circulating in India's North-Eastern region. The percentage positivity (PP) for PCV2, PPV and ASF single infection were 7.02% (25/356), 3.93% (14/356), and 3.37% (12/356), respectively, while the PP for PCV2& PPV co-infection was 2.80% (10/356), ASF & PCV2 co infection was 1.4% (5/356) and the ASF, PPV& PCV2 co-infection was1.40% (5/356). The results also indicate that the ASF can infect pigs alongside PCV and PPV.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rajib Deb
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Pig, Guwahati, Assam
| | | | | | | | | | - Souvik Paul
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Pig, Guwahati, Assam
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12
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Lim JW, Vu TTH, Le VP, Yeom M, Song D, Jeong DG, Park SK. Advanced Strategies for Developing Vaccines and Diagnostic Tools for African Swine Fever. Viruses 2023; 15:2169. [PMID: 38005846 PMCID: PMC10674204 DOI: 10.3390/v15112169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is one of the most lethal infectious diseases affecting domestic pigs and wild boars of all ages. Over a span of 100 years, ASF has continued to spread over continents and adversely affects the global pig industry. To date, no vaccine or treatment has been approved. The complex genome structure and diverse variants facilitate the immune evasion of the ASF virus (ASFV). Recently, advanced technologies have been used to design various potential vaccine candidates and effective diagnostic tools. This review updates vaccine platforms that are currently being used worldwide, with a focus on genetically modified live attenuated vaccines, including an understanding of their potential efficacy and limitations of safety and stability. Furthermore, advanced ASFV detection technologies are presented that discuss and incorporate the challenges that remain to be addressed for conventional detection methods. We also highlight a nano-bio-based system that enhances sensitivity and specificity. A combination of prophylactic vaccines and point-of-care diagnostics can help effectively control the spread of ASFV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Woo Lim
- Department of Veterinary Medicine Virology Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; (J.-W.L.); (M.Y.); (D.S.)
| | - Thi Thu Hang Vu
- College of Pharmacy, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea;
| | - Van Phan Le
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi 131000, Vietnam;
| | - Minjoo Yeom
- Department of Veterinary Medicine Virology Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; (J.-W.L.); (M.Y.); (D.S.)
| | - Daesub Song
- Department of Veterinary Medicine Virology Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; (J.-W.L.); (M.Y.); (D.S.)
| | - Dae Gwin Jeong
- Bionanotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Bio-Analytical Science Division, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Song-Kyu Park
- College of Pharmacy, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea;
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13
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Feng W, Zhou L, Du H, Okoth E, Mrode R, Jin W, Hu Z, Liu JF. Transcriptome analysis reveals gene expression changes of pigs infected with non-lethal African swine fever virus. Genet Mol Biol 2023; 46:e20230037. [PMID: 37844188 PMCID: PMC10578457 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2023-0037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is an important viral disease of swine caused by the African swine fever virus (ASFV), which threatens swine production profoundly. To better understand the gene expression changes when pig infected with ASFV, RNA sequencing was performed to characterize differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of six tissues from Kenya domestic pigs and Landrace × Yorkshire (L/Y) pigs infected with ASFV Kenya1033 in vivo. As results, a total of 209, 522, 34, 505, 634 and 138 DEGs (q-value < 0.05 and |Log2foldchange| values >2) were detected in the kidney, liver, mesenteric lymph node, peripheral blood mononuclear cell, submandibular lymph node and spleen, respectively. The expression profiles of DEGs shared in the multiple tissues illustrated variation in regulation function in the different tissues. Functional annotation analysis and interaction of proteins encoded by DEGs revealed that genes including IFIT1, IFITM1, MX1, OASL, ISG15, SAMHD1, IFINA1, S100A12 and S100A8 enriched in the immune and antivirus pathways were significantly changed when the hosts were infected with ASFV. The genes mentioned could play crucial roles in the process of the reaction to non-lethal ASF infection, which may will help to improve the ASF tolerance in the pig population through molecular breeding strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Beijing, China
- Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Beijing, China
- China Agricultural University, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding (MOE), Beijing, China
- China Agricultural University, College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing, China
- Yulin University, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Beijing, China
- Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Beijing, China
- China Agricultural University, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding (MOE), Beijing, China
- China Agricultural University, College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Heng Du
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Beijing, China
- Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Beijing, China
- China Agricultural University, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding (MOE), Beijing, China
- China Agricultural University, College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Edward Okoth
- International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Raphael Mrode
- International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Wenjiao Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Beijing, China
- Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Beijing, China
- China Agricultural University, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding (MOE), Beijing, China
- China Agricultural University, College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengzheng Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Beijing, China
- Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Beijing, China
- China Agricultural University, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding (MOE), Beijing, China
- China Agricultural University, College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-Feng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Beijing, China
- Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Beijing, China
- China Agricultural University, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding (MOE), Beijing, China
- China Agricultural University, College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing, China
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14
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Bru G, Martínez-Candela M, Romero P, Navarro A, Martínez-Murcia A. Internal Validation of the ASFV MONODOSE dtec-qPCR Kit for African Swine Fever Virus Detection under the UNE-EN ISO/IEC 17025:2005 Criteria. Vet Sci 2023; 10:564. [PMID: 37756086 PMCID: PMC10535882 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10090564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
African swine fever virus is considered an emerging virus that causes African swine fever, a disease characterised by high mortality and elevated transmission rates and that, as it is for most other viral diseases, cannot be treated with specific drugs. Effective and reliable detection of the virus is relevant to prevent uncontrolled contagion among boar populations and to reduce economic losses. Moreover, animal health laboratories are demanding standardisation, optimisation and quality assurance of the available diagnostic assays. In the present study, the ASFV MONODOSE dtec-qPCR kit was validated following the UNE-EN ISO/IEC 17025:2005 guidelines. Analytical validation terms include in silico and in vitro specificity, sensitivity, efficiency and reliability (repeatability/reproducibility). Diagnostic validation of the method was assessed through the analysis of a total of 181 porcine samples originating from six different matrix types doped with African swine fever virus DNA received from the European reference laboratory for African Swine Fever (INIA-CISA, Madrid, Spain): whole blood, blood serum, kidney, heart, liver and tonsil. Results agreed with those obtained from a reference detection method also based on real-time PCR, endorsed by WOAH, but the ASFV MONODOSE dtec-qPCR kit incorporates some technical innovations and improvements which may benefit end-users. This kit, available worldwide with full analytical and diagnostic validation, can recognise all known ASFV genotypes and brings additional benefits to the current qPCR technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gema Bru
- Genetic PCR Solutions™, 03300 Orihuela, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Antonio Martínez-Murcia
- Genetic PCR Solutions™, 03300 Orihuela, Spain
- Department of Microbiology, University Miguel Hernández, 03312 Orihuela, Spain
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15
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Kim G, Kim SJ, Kim WJ, Kim JH, Kim JC, Lee SG, Kim ES, Lee SH, Jheong WH. Emergence and Prevalence of an African Swine Fever Virus Variant in Wild Boar Populations in South Korea from 2019 to 2022. Viruses 2023; 15:1667. [PMID: 37632010 PMCID: PMC10459476 DOI: 10.3390/v15081667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF), a viral disease caused by the African swine fever virus (ASFV), is associated with high mortality rates in domestic pigs and wild boars. ASF has been spreading since its discovery in wild boars in Korea in October 2019. Genomic analyses have provided insights into the genetic diversity of the ASFV isolated from various regions, enabling a better understanding of the virus origin and transmission patterns. We conducted a genome analysis to evaluate the diversity and mutations of ASFV spreading among wild boars in Korea during 2019-2022. We compared the genomes of ASFV strains isolated from Korean wild boars and publicly available ASFV genomes. Genomic analysis revealed several single-nucleotide polymorphisms within multigene families (MGFs) 360-1La and 360-4L in Korean ASFV. MGF 360-1La and 360-4L variations were not observed in other ASFV strains, including those of genotype II. Finally, we partially analyzed MGFs 360-1La and 360-4L in ASFV-positive samples between 2019 and 2022, confirming the geographical distribution of the variants. Our findings can help identify new genetic markers for epidemiological ASFV analysis and provide essential information for effective disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Weon-Hwa Jheong
- Wildlife Disease Response Team, National Institute of Wildlife Disease Control and Prevention (NIWDC), 1 Songam-gil, Gwangsan-gu, Gwangju 62407, Republic of Korea; (G.K.); (S.-J.K.); (W.-J.K.); (J.-H.K.); (J.-C.K.); (S.-G.L.); (E.-S.K.); (S.-H.L.)
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16
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Buragohain L, Barman NN, Sen S, Bharali A, Dutta B, Choudhury B, Suresh KP, Gaurav S, Kumar R, Ali S, Kumar S, Singh Malik Y. Transmission of African Swine Fever Virus to the Wild Boars of Northeast India. Vet Q 2023; 43:1-10. [PMID: 36786106 PMCID: PMC10124978 DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2023.2178689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND India recorded the first outbreak of African swine fever (ASF) in North-eastern region (NER) in the year 2020. AIM The current study was undertaken to investigate the transmission of African swine fever virus (ASFV) in the wild boars of Northeast India, particularly of Assam. MATERIAL AND METHODS ASF suspected mortal tissue remains and blood samples of wild boars collected from different locations of Assam were screened for molecular detection of swine viruses which includes Classical swine fever virus, Porcine Circovirus 2, Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and ASFV. RESULTS One sample each from Manas and Nameri National Parks were detected positive for ASFV. Besides this, one of the samples was positive for CSFV and one of the ASFV positive samples was also positive for PCV2. Several striking gross and microscopic alterations were noticed in different organs of ASFV infected animals. Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of B646L gene confirmed the presence of ASFV genotype-II in wild boars. Circulation of similar genotype in domestic pigs of NER in the contemporary period as well as locations near to the aforementioned national parks indicates the transmission of ASFV from domestic to wild boars. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The detection of ASFV in the wild boars of Assam is alarming as it is an impending threat to pig population and other endangered species (particularly Pygmy hog), making it increasingly daunting to control the disease. CONCLUSION Chances are high for ASFV to become endemic in Assam region if stringent measures are not taken at proper time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukumoni Buragohain
- College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Nagendra Nath Barman
- College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Suparna Sen
- College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Arpita Bharali
- College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Biswajit Dutta
- College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | | | | | | | - Rakesh Kumar
- Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Samsul Ali
- Wildlife Trust of India, CWRC, Kaziranga, Assam, India
| | - Sachin Kumar
- Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Yashpal Singh Malik
- College of Animal Biotechnology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
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17
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Multiple-probe-assisted DNA capture and amplification for high-throughput African swine fever virus detection. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:797-805. [PMID: 36576568 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-12334-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is one of the most devastating infectious diseases affecting domestic pigs and wild boar. The grave socio-economic impact of African swine fever infection at a global level makes large-scale rapid and robust diagnosis a critical step towards effective control. Here, we describe multiple-probe-assisted DNA capture and amplification technology (MADCAT) - a novel, sensitive, simple, and high-throughput method for detecting ASFV directly from whole blood or other complex matrices. Through a unique DNA capture approach which specifically captures the target DNA onto 96-well plate for subsequent amplification, MADCAT abandons the complicated extraction protocol and achieves ultrafast and high-throughput detection. The sample-to-result time for 96 samples is about 90 min, as compared with the 3-4 h time of the conventional real-time qPCR method. The limit of detection (LOD) of MADCAT is 0.5 copies/μL blood and is 5 times more sensitive than an extraction-based qPCR assay when testing serially diluted whole blood samples. The assay is 100% specific against other common swine pathogens. In the clinical diagnosis of 96 field samples, all 22 positive samples were correctly identified with lower Ct values than extraction-based qPCR, confirming its high diagnostic sensitivity (100%). Owing to its high-throughput, specific high sensitivity, and direct detection features, MADCAT shows great potential for use in large-scale ASFV surveillance and monitoring for effective disease control. KEY POINTS: • No nucleic acid extraction, 100% capture efficiency, and high-throughput • Ultra-high sensitivity of 0.5 DNA copies/μL or 6 DNA copies/reaction • The sample-to-answer time for 96 samples is about 90 min.
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18
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Shao H, Zhang P, Peng D, Huang W, Kong LA, Li C, Liu E, Peng H. Current advances in the identification of plant nematode diseases: From lab assays to in-field diagnostics. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1106784. [PMID: 36760630 PMCID: PMC9902721 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1106784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Plant parasitic nematodes (PPNs) cause an important class of diseases that occur in almost all types of crops, seriously affecting yield and quality and causing great economic losses. Accurate and rapid diagnosis of nematodes is the basis for their control. PPNs often have interspecific overlays and large intraspecific variations in morphology, therefore identification is difficult based on morphological characters alone. Instead, molecular approaches have been developed to complement morphology-based approaches and/or avoid these issues with various degrees of achievement. A large number of PPNs species have been successfully detected by biochemical and molecular techniques. Newly developed isothermal amplification technologies and remote sensing methods have been recently introduced to diagnose PPNs directly in the field. These methods have been useful because they are fast, accurate, and cost-effective, but the use of integrative diagnosis, which combines remote sensing and molecular methods, is more appropriate in the field. In this paper, we review the latest research advances and the status of diagnostic approaches and techniques for PPNs, with the goal of improving PPNs identification and detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hudie Shao
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Pan Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Deliang Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenkun Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ling-an Kong
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chuanren Li
- College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Enliang Liu
- Grain Crops Institute, XinJiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, China
| | - Huan Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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19
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Kim G, Park JE, Kim SJ, Kim Y, Kim W, Kim YK, Jheong W. Complete genome analysis of the African swine fever virus isolated from a wild boar responsible for the first viral outbreak in Korea, 2019. Front Vet Sci 2023; 9:1080397. [PMID: 36713858 PMCID: PMC9875005 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1080397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF), a highly contagious and severe hemorrhagic viral disease in swine, is emerging as a major threat not only in Korea but also worldwide. The first confirmed case of ASF in Korea was reported in 2019. Despite the occurrence of ASF in Korea, only a few studies have genetically characterized the causative ASF virus (ASFV). In this study, we aimed to genetically characterize the ASFV responsible for the 2019 outbreak in Korea. The genome of the ASFV isolated during the first outbreak in Korea was analyzed. The Korea/YC1/2019 strain has 188,950 base pairs, with a GC content of 38.4%. The complete genome sequence was compared with other ASFV genomes annotated in the NCBI database. The Korea/YC1/2019 strain shared the highest similarity with Georgia 2007, Belgium 2018/1, and ASFV-wbBS01 strains. This study expands our knowledge of the genetic diversity of ASFV, providing valuable information for epidemiology, diagnostics, therapies, and vaccine development.
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20
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Hwang HJ, Choi YS, Song K, Frant M, Kim JH. Development and validation of a fast quantitative real-time PCR assay for the detection of African swine fever virus. Front Vet Sci 2023; 9:1037728. [PMID: 36686190 PMCID: PMC9845278 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1037728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
African swine fever virus (ASFV) is a double-stranded DNA virus that causes African swine fever (ASF), a lethal hemorrhagic fever that is highly contagious among domestic pigs and wild boars. Due to the high mortality rates and highly contagious nature of the ASF, it is important to develop a fast detection method for ASFV with high sensitivity and specificity to take an immediate action to stop wide spread of the virulent disease. Therefore, a fast and quantitative molecular detection method of ASFV is presented in this study. A total of 24 genotypes of ASFV have been identified based on nucleic acid sequences of the major capsid protein p72. The primers and probe of the present assay was designed to detect all of the p72-based genotypes of ASFV. The turnaround time for PCR detection was within 50 min which is at least about two-times faster compared to other PCR assays. Limit of detection (LoD) was 6.91 genomic copies/reaction for the most virulent genotype II. LoD values for other genotypes were within 10-20 copies/reaction. Cross-reactivity of the assay was validated using a panel of pathogens related to swine disease, and no cross-reactivity was observed. Positive and negative clinical samples (50 samples each) obtained from sick and healthy animals, were used to validate the assay. The results showed that 100% agreement for both positive and negative samples. In summary, the assay described in this study offers the advantage of rapid detection of all genotypes of ASFV with high sensitivity and specificity. The assay is a valuable tool both in clinical and laboratory uses for sensitive and fast detection of ASFV.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Maciej Frant
- Department of Swine Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, Puławy, Poland
| | - Jeong Hee Kim
- Department of Oral Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea,Department of KHU-KIST Converging Science and Technology, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea,*Correspondence: Jeong Hee Kim
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21
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Lv C, Yang J, Zhao L, Wu C, Kang C, Zhang Q, Sun X, Chen X, Zou Z, Jin M. Infection Characteristics and Transcriptomics of African Swine Fever Virus in Bama Minipigs. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0383422. [PMID: 36445132 PMCID: PMC9769931 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03834-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal experiments on African swine fever virus (ASFV) are vital to the study of ASFV; however, ASFV can only infect pigs, and animal experiments need to be performed in animal biosafety level 3 (ABSL-3) laboratories, meaning that many small ABSL-3 laboratories are unable to carry out in vivo ASFV experiments. Therefore, miniaturized experimental animals for ASFV infection are urgently needed. Here, we successfully isolated genotype II of ASFV SY-1 from wild boars and evaluated ASFV-infected Bama minipigs in a negative-pressure isolator of a small ABSL-3 laboratory. The pathological changes of ASFV-infected Bama minipigs were consistent with characteristic lesions of ASFV-infected domestic pigs and wild boars. All pigs died 5 to 14 days postinfection (dpi) through intramuscular injection. Viral genomic DNA from nasal, oral, and rectal swab samples was first detectable at 2 to 4 dpi. The common differentially expressed genes were clustered in the immune-related, metabolic, and inflammatory response pathways from the spleen and inguinal lymph node samples comparing infected to mock. In summary, these results demonstrated that the Bama minipig was an appropriate model for ASFV infection in small ABSL-3 laboratories that can accelerate the research of vaccines and antiviral drugs and uncover pathogenic mechanisms of ASFV infection. IMPORTANCE African swine fever virus (ASFV) can only infect pigs rather than other animals. However, the domestic pigs cannot be kept in small ABSL-3 laboratories for a long time due to the characteristics of rapid growth and large size, which hinder ASFV research, including research of vaccines, antiviral drugs, and mechanisms. In contrast, Bama minipigs have unique advantages consisting of low growth and small size. In the research, Bama minipigs were used to evaluate the characteristics of ASFV infection in small ABSL-3 laboratories. The pathological changes, viral shedding, and gene regulation were consistent with those of domestic pigs infected with ASFV. Therefore, Bama minipigs can be a suitable model for ASFV infection in small ABSL-3 laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changjie Lv
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Jingyu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chao Wu
- Research Institute of Wuhan Keqian Biology Co., Ltd., Wuhan, China
| | - Chao Kang
- Research Institute of Wuhan Keqian Biology Co., Ltd., Wuhan, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- College of Biomedicine and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaomei Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Xi Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhong Zou
- Research Institute of Wuhan Keqian Biology Co., Ltd., Wuhan, China
| | - Meilin Jin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
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22
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Elnagar A, Blome S, Beer M, Hoffmann B. Point-of-Care Testing for Sensitive Detection of the African Swine Fever Virus Genome. Viruses 2022; 14:v14122827. [PMID: 36560831 PMCID: PMC9781289 DOI: 10.3390/v14122827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is a contagious viral hemorrhagic disease that affects domestic pigs and wild boar. The disease is notifiable to the World Organization of Animal Health (WOAH), and causes significant deaths and economic losses. There is currently no fully licensed vaccine available. As a result, early identification of the causative agent, ASF virus (ASFV), is crucial for the implementation of control measures. PCR and real-time PCR are the WOAH-recommended standard methods for the direct detection of ASFV. However, under special field conditions or in simple or remote field laboratories, there may be no sophisticated equipment or even stable electricity available. Under these circumstances, point-of-care systems can be put in place. Along these lines, a previously published, rapid, reliable, and electricity-free extraction method (TripleE) was used to isolate viral nucleic acid from diagnostic specimens. With this tool, nucleic acid extraction from up to eight diagnostic samples can be realized in one run in less than 10 min. In addition, the possibility of completely omitting viral DNA extraction was analyzed with so-called direct real-time PCR protocols using ASFV original samples diluted to 1:40 in RNase-free water. Furthermore, three real-time PCR cyclers, developed for use under field conditions (IndiField, Liberty16 and UF-300 GenecheckerTM), were comparatively applied for the sensitive high-speed detection of ASFV genomes, with overall PCR run times between 20 and 54 min. Depending on the viral DNA extraction/releasing method used and the point-of-care cycler applied, a total time for detection of 30 to 60 min for up to eight samples was feasible. As expected, the limitations in analytical sensitivity were positively correlated to the analysis time. These limitations are acceptable for ASFV diagnostics due to the expected high ASFV genome loads in diseased animals or carcasses.
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23
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Draft Genome Sequence Analysis of the Genotype II African Swine Fever Virus from India. Microbiol Resour Announc 2022; 11:e0022722. [DOI: 10.1128/mra.00227-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
African swine fever virus (ASFV) entered the northeastern (NE) part of India early in 2020, causing huge economic loss to the piggery sector. Here, we are presenting a brief report on the draft genome sequence of an ASFV strain ABTCVSCK_ASF007 from Assam state of NE India belonging to genotype II.
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24
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Genetic Characterization of African Swine Fever Virus in Various Outbreaks in Central and Southern Vietnam During 2019-2021. Curr Microbiol 2022; 79:341. [PMID: 36209177 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-022-03033-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to identify potential genetic diversity among African swine fever virus (ASFV) strains circulating in central and southern Vietnam. Thirty ASFV strains were collected from domestic pigs and convalescent pigs with ASFV-infected clinical signs from 19 different provinces of central and southern Vietnam during 2019-2021. A portion of the B646L (p72) gene and the entire E183L (p54), CP204L (p30), and B602L (CVR) genes were amplified, purified, and sequenced. Web-based BLAST and MEGA X software were used for sequence analysis. Analysis of the partial B646L (p72) gene, the full-length E183L (p54) and CP204L (p30) genes, and the central hypervariable region (CVR) of the B602L gene sequence showed that all 30 ASFV isolates belonged to genotype II and were 100% identical to the previously identified strains in Vietnam and China. Analysis of the p72, p54, and p30 regions did not indicate any change in the nucleotide and amino acid sequences among these strains in 3 years of research. No novel variant was found in the CVR within the B602L gene. Analysis of the CVR showed that these ASFV strains belong to subgroup XXXII. The results of this study revealed that these ASFVs shared high similarity with ASFV isolates detected previously in northern Vietnam and China. Taken together, the results of this study and a previous study in Vietnam showed high stability and no genetic diversity in the ASFV genome.
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25
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Zeng D, Qian B, Li Y, Zong K, Peng W, Liao K, Yu X, Sun J, Lv X, Ding L, Wang M, Zhou T, Jiang Y, Li J, Xue F, Wu X, Dai J. Prospects for the application of infectious virus detection technology based on propidium monoazide in African swine fever management. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1025758. [PMID: 36246220 PMCID: PMC9563241 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1025758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is a hemorrhagic and often fatal disease occurring in domestic pigs and wild boars. ASF can potentially greatly impact the global trade of pigs and pork products and threaten global food security. Outbreaks of ASF must be notified to the World Organization for Animal Health. In this study, we analyzed the feasibility of applying propidium monoazide (PMA) pretreatment-based infectious virus detection technology to ASF prevention and control and investigated the prospects of applying this technology for epidemic monitoring, disinfection effect evaluation, and drug development. PMA as a nucleic acid dye can enter damaged cells and undergo irreversible covalent crosslinking with nucleic acid under halogen light to prevent its amplification. Although this technology has been widely used for the rapid detection of viable bacteria, its application in viruses is rare. Therefore, we analyzed the theoretical feasibility of applying this technology to the African swine fever virus (ASFV) in terms of gene and cell composition. Rapid infectious ASFV detection technology based on PMA pretreatment would greatly enhance all aspects of ASF prevention and control, such as epidemic monitoring, disinfection treatment, and drug development. The introduction of this technology will also greatly improve the ability to prevent and control ASF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dexin Zeng
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Technical Center of Hefei Customs, Hefei, China
| | - Bingxu Qian
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yunfei Li
- Technical Center of Hefei Customs, Hefei, China
- Technology Center of Hefei Customs, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, Hefei, China
| | - Kai Zong
- Technical Center of Hefei Customs, Hefei, China
- Technology Center of Hefei Customs, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, Hefei, China
| | - Wanqing Peng
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kai Liao
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaofeng Yu
- Technical Center of Hefei Customs, Hefei, China
- Technology Center of Hefei Customs, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, Hefei, China
| | | | - Xiaying Lv
- Technical Center of Hefei Customs, Hefei, China
| | - Liu Ding
- Technical Center of Hefei Customs, Hefei, China
| | - Manman Wang
- Technical Center of Hefei Customs, Hefei, China
| | | | - Yuan Jiang
- Animal, Plant and Food Inspection Center of Nanjing Customs, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinming Li
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Feng Xue
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Sanya, China
- *Correspondence: Feng Xue,
| | - Xiaodong Wu
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Feng Xue,
| | - Jianjun Dai
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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26
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Cao S, Lu H, Wu Z, Zhu S. A duplex fluorescent quantitative PCR assay to distinguish the genotype I and II strains of African swine fever virus in Chinese epidemic strains. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:998874. [PMID: 36213412 PMCID: PMC9539676 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.998874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is a highly contagious hemorrhagic disease that affects domestic and wild pigs. A recent study reported that both ASF virus (ASFV) genotypes I and II have invaded farm-raised pigs in China, causing chronic infection and morbidity. To develop a duplex fluorescent quantitative PCR method to distinguish the ASFV genotypes I and II in Chinese epidemic strains, the probes and primers were designed based on the B646L sequences of genotypes I and II listed in the GenBank database. After optimizing the system, a duplex fluorescent quantitative PCR method for simultaneous detection of ASFV genotypes I and II B646L genes was successfully established. This method had no cross-reaction with Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2), Pseudorabies virus (PRV), or Porcine Parvovirus (PPV), indicating that it has strong specificity. The sensitivity results indicated that the minimum detection limit of ASFV genotypes I and II B646L was 10 copies/Rxn. The inter- and intra-group coefficients of variation were both <3%, indicating that the method was highly reproducible. Therefore, the established duplex fluorescent quantitative PCR assay is important for the differential detection and epidemiological investigation of ASFV.
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27
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Mushagalusa CA, Penrith ML, Etter EMC. Spatiotemporal analysis of African swine fever outbreaks on South African smallholder farms, 1993–2018. J S Afr Vet Assoc 2022; 93:82-88. [DOI: 10.36303/jsava.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- CA Mushagalusa
- Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria,
South Africa
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Université Evangélique en Afrique,
Democratic Republic of Congo
- Laboratoire de Biomathématiques et d’Estimations Forestières (LABEF), Faculté des Sciences Agronomiques (FSA), Université d’Abomey-Calavi,
Benin
| | - M-L Penrith
- Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria,
South Africa
| | - EMC Etter
- Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pretoria,
South Africa
- CIRAD, UMR Animal, Santé, Territoires, Risque et Ecosystèmes (ASTRE), Petit-Bourg, Guadeloupe,
France
- ASTRE, University of Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier,
France
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28
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Zurita M, Martignette L, Barrera J, Carrie M, Piscatelli H, Hangman A, Brake D, Neilan J, Petrik D, Puckette M. Detection of African swine fever virus utilizing the portable MatMaCorp ASF detection system. Transbound Emerg Dis 2022; 69:2600-2608. [PMID: 34871471 PMCID: PMC9786863 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) has emerged as a major threat to domestic and wild suid populations, and its continued spread threatens commercial swine production worldwide. The causative agent of ASF, African swine fever virus (ASFV), possesses a linear, double stranded DNA genome. Traditional detection of ASFV relies on laboratory-based virus isolation or real-time PCR of samples, typically blood or spleen, obtained from suspect cases. While effective, these methodologies are not easily field deployable, a major limitation during disease outbreak and response management scenarios. In this report, we evaluated the MatMaCorp Solas 8® ASFV detection system, a field deployable DNA extraction and fluorescent detection device, for its ability to extract and detect ASFV from multiple sample types obtained from domestic swine experimentally infected with ASFV strain Georgia. We found that the MatMaCorp Solas 8® ASFV detection device, and affiliated MagicTip™ DNA extraction and C-SAND™ assay kits, readily detected ASFV in blood and spleen, as well as other sample types, including pinna, liver, skin, muscle and bone marrow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariceny Zurita
- SAIC (formerly with Leidos)Plum Island Animal Disease CenterGreenportNew York
| | - Lauren Martignette
- SAIC (formerly with Leidos)Plum Island Animal Disease CenterGreenportNew York
| | - Jose Barrera
- SAIC (formerly with Leidos)Plum Island Animal Disease CenterGreenportNew York
| | | | | | | | - David Brake
- BioQuest Associates, LLCPlum Island Animal Disease CenterGreenportNew York
| | - John Neilan
- US Department of Homeland Security Science and Technology DirectoratePlum Island Animal Disease CenterGreenportNew York
| | | | - Michael Puckette
- US Department of Homeland Security Science and Technology DirectoratePlum Island Animal Disease CenterGreenportNew York
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29
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Yang L, Wang L, Lv M, Sun Y, Cao J. Clinical Validation of DNA Extraction-Free qPCR, Visual LAMP, and Fluorescent LAMP Assays for the Rapid Detection of African Swine Fever Virus. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:1067. [PMID: 35888155 PMCID: PMC9320077 DOI: 10.3390/life12071067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The global pig industry and food safety are seriously threatened by outbreaks of African swine fever (ASF). To permit early diagnosis of African swine fever virus (ASFV), prevent its spread, and limit its outbreaks, a highly sensitive diagnostic method that can be performed at pig farms is required. Herein, we established DNA extraction-free real-time PCR (qPCR), visual loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), and fluorescent LAMP assays, which were compared with the results of World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) qPCR to assess ASFV-infected clinical samples. Based on plasmid DNA, the limit of detection for the three assays and OIE qPCR were 5.8 copies/μL. All four assays had good ASFV specificity and showed no cross-reactivity with other tested viruses. These assays were used to diagnose 100 clinical samples. The assays showed good diagnostic consistency, with kappa values of 1.0, 0.84, and 0.88, respectively. Compared with OIE qPCR, the diagnostic specificity/sensitivity of DNA extraction-free qPCR, visual LAMP, and fluorescent LAMP assays were 100%/100%, 100%/87.1%, and 100%/90.32%, respectively. The assays eliminated the need for DNA extraction and are more suitable for ASF diagnosis by inexperienced farmers in low-resource environments, making them a good choice for on-site monitoring of pig farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization of Ministry of Education, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116600, China; (L.Y.); (M.L.)
| | - Lin Wang
- Beijing Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center, Beijing 102629, China;
| | - Meihui Lv
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization of Ministry of Education, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116600, China; (L.Y.); (M.L.)
| | - Yu Sun
- China Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Jijuan Cao
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization of Ministry of Education, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116600, China; (L.Y.); (M.L.)
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30
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Huang Z, Xu Z, Cao H, Zeng F, Wang H, Gong L, Zhang S, Cao S, Zhang G, Zheng Z. A Triplex PCR Method for Distinguishing the Wild-Type African Swine Fever Virus From the Deletion Strains by Detecting the Gene Insertion. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:921907. [PMID: 35836498 PMCID: PMC9274085 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.921907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, there is no effective vaccine or antiviral therapy available to prevent or treat African swine fever virus (ASFV) infections. ASFV gene deletion strains have been proposed as promising anti-ASFV vaccine candidates. In recent years, most ASFV gene deletion strains worldwide have been recombinant strains expressing EGFP or mCherry as markers. Therefore, in this study, a new triplex real-time PCR (RT-PCR) method was established for the broad and accurate differentiation of ASFV wild-type vs. gene deletion strains. We designed three pairs of primers and probes to target B646L, EGFP, and mCherry, and RT-PCR was used to detect these three genes simultaneously. The detection method prevented non-specific amplification of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, porcine epidemic diarrhea virus, circovirus type 2, pseudorabies virus, and classical swine fever virus genes. The minimum copy number of standard plasmid DNA detected using triplex RT-PCR was 9.49, 15.60, and 9.60 copies for B646L, EGFP, and mCherry, respectively. Importantly, of the 1646 samples analyzed in this study, 67 were positive for ASFV, all corresponding to the wild-type virus. Overall, our data show that the triplex RT-PCR method established in this study can specifically identify both ASFV wild-type and gene deletion strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiying Xu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haoxuan Cao
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fanliang Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China, Guangzhou, China
| | - Heng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China, Guangzhou, China
- Research Center for African Swine Fever Prevention and Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lang Gong
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Sen Cao
- Haifeng Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center, Shanwei, China
| | - Guihong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Research Center for African Swine Fever Prevention and Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
- Guihong Zhang
| | - Zezhong Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Research Center for African Swine Fever Prevention and Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Zezhong Zheng
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31
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Gao Q, Feng Y, Yang Y, Luo Y, Gong T, Wang H, Gong L, Zhang G, Zheng Z. Establishment of a Dual Real-Time PCR Assay for the Identification of African Swine Fever Virus Genotypes I and II in China. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:882824. [PMID: 35720851 PMCID: PMC9198542 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.882824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the first outbreak of ASFV genotype II in China in 2018, ASF has posed a significant threat to the swine industry. After the emergence of genotype I in China in 2020, the epidemic prevention and control have become more difficult. No effective commercial vaccine is currently available, and the disease is difficult to eradicate; therefore, the identification of the ASFV genotype is critical to establish biosafety control measures. In this study, a dual real-time PCR detection method based on B646L and E183L genes was developed to distinguish between ASFV genotypes I and II by specifically amplifying the genotype I E183L gene. The method is strongly specific, detects B646L and E183L genes simultaneously, and does not cross-react with PEDV, PCV, PRRSV, PRV, and CSFV. The double real-time PCR detection of ASFV genotypes I and II showed a B646L amplification curve, and only genotype I showed an E183L amplification curve, consistent with our expectations. The method has high sensitivity and the lowest copy numbers detected for recombinant plasmids B646L and E183L were 1.07 × 102 and 3.13 × 104 copies/μL, respectively. The method is reproducible, and the coefficient of variation for detecting the coefficient of variation (CV) values of the two recombinant plasmids was <2%. Seven samples were positive and 277 were negative, and the results of the two methods were consistent. The dual real-time PCR presented in this study provides a rapid detection method for the identification of ASFV genotypes I and II, which may lead to improving efficient prevention and control measures for ASF in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Gao
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China, Guangzhou, China
- Research Center for African Swine Fever Prevention and Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongzhi Feng
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunlong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Research Center for African Swine Fever Prevention and Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yizhuo Luo
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming, China
| | - Ting Gong
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming, China
| | - Heng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China, Guangzhou, China
- Research Center for African Swine Fever Prevention and Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lang Gong
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China, Guangzhou, China
- Research Center for African Swine Fever Prevention and Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guihong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China, Guangzhou, China
- Research Center for African Swine Fever Prevention and Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zezhong Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China, Guangzhou, China
- Research Center for African Swine Fever Prevention and Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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Zhao H, Ren J, Wu S, Guo H, Du Y, Wan B, Ji P, Wu Y, Zhuang G, Zhang A, Zhang G. HRP-conjugated-nanobody-based cELISA for rapid and sensitive clinical detection of ASFV antibodies. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:4269-4285. [PMID: 35612629 PMCID: PMC9130055 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-11981-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Abstract African swine fever (ASF), which is caused by the ASF virus (ASFV), is a highly contagious hemorrhagic disease that causes high mortality to domestic porcine and wild boars and brings huge economic losses to world swine industry. Due to the lack of an effective vaccine, the control of ASF must depend on early, efficient, and cost-effective detection and strict control and elimination strategies. Traditional serological testing methods are generally associated with high testing costs, complex operations, and high technical requirements. As a promising alternative diagnostic tool to traditional antibodies, nanobodies (Nb) have the advantages of simpler and faster generation, good stability and solubility, and high affinity and specificity, although the system is dependent on the immunization of Bactrian camels to obtain the specific VHH library of the target protein. The application of Nbs in the detection of ASFV antibodies has not yet been reported yet. Using a phage display technology, one Nb against the ASFV p54 protein that exhibited high specificity and affinity, Nb8, was successfully screened. A HEK293T cell line stably expressing Nb8-horseradish peroxidase (HRP) fusion protein was established using the lentiviral expression system. Following the optimization of the reaction conditions, the Nb8-HRP fusion protein was successfully used to establish a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA) to detect ASFV-specific antibodies in pig serum, for the first time. There was no cross-reaction with healthy pig serum, porcine pseudorabies virus (PRV), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), classical swine fever virus (CSFV), porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), and classical swine fever virus (CSFV) positive sera. The optimal cut-off value for the cELISA by ROC analysis was 52.5%. A total of 209 serum samples were tested using the developed cELISA and a commercial ELISA kit. The results showed that the relative specificity of the cELISA was 98.97%, and the relative sensitivity of the cELISA was 93.3%, with the percent agreement between the two ELISA methods being 98.56%. In conclusion, a specific, sensitive, and repeatable cELISA was successfully developed based on the Nb8 as a probe, providing a promising method for the detection of anti-ASFV antibodies in clinical pig serum. Key points • We successfully screened a specific, high affinity nanobody against ASFV p54 protein. • We establish a method for continuous and stable expression of Nb-HRP fusion protein using a lentiviral packaging system. • We establish a nanobody cELISA detection method that can monitor an ASF infection. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00253-022-11981-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijun Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China
| | - Jiahui Ren
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China
| | - Shuya Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China
| | - Haoran Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China
| | - Yongkun Du
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China
| | - Bo Wan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China
| | - Pengchao Ji
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China
| | - Yanan Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China
| | - Guoqing Zhuang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China
| | - Angke Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China.
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China.
| | - Gaiping Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China.
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China.
- Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China.
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Development of an Accurate and Sensitive Diagnostic System Based on Conventional PCR for Detection of African Swine Fever Virus in Food Waste. Indian J Microbiol 2022; 62:293-306. [PMID: 35462715 PMCID: PMC8980174 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-022-01007-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
African swine fever virus (ASFV), a highly contagious virus, can cause diseases with high mortality rates in pigs, making it a pathogen of social and economic significance. ASFV has been reported to show potential long-term survival in living livestock, such as pigs, but also in leftover cooking meat and undercooked pork meat. Hence, it is possible that there could be direct reinfection or secondary infection through feed produced from household food waste and treatment facilities. Many polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based molecular diagnostic techniques to detect ASFV in clinical swine samples have been reported. However, those with applicability for food waste samples, which contain relatively low viral copy numbers and may contain various unknown inhibitors of PCR, are still lacking. In this study, we developed a conventional PCR-based diagnostic system that can detect ASFV with high sensitivity from food waste sample types. The technique shows a 10–100 times higher limit of detection compared to that of previously reported methods based on conventional PCR and quantitative real-time PCR. It is also capable of amplifying a sequence that is approximately 751 nucleotides, which is advantageous for similarity analysis and genotyping. Moreover, a ASFV-modified positive material different from ASFV that could synthesize 1400 nucleotide amplicons was developed to identify false-positive cases and thus enhance diagnostic accuracy. The method developed herein may be applicable for future ASFV monitoring, identification, and genotyping in food waste samples.
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Nguyen HN, Nguyen QT, Nguyen BTP, Tran THA, Do DT, Hoang HT. Detection of African swine fever virus in neonatal piglets with congenital tremors. Arch Virol 2022; 167:1131-1135. [PMID: 35174413 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-022-05378-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
African swine fever virus (ASF) has circulated in Vietnam since 2018, causing significant losses to the pig industry. Quick, accurate diagnosis of African swine fever virus (ASFV) infection is crucial for controlling the disease. The detection of the virus in piglets with congenital tremors is described in this paper. ASFV was detected in brain tissues by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and immunohistochemistry. Classical swine fever virus, porcine parvovirus, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, and pseudorabies virus were not detected by PCR, suggesting that the ASFV was the cause of these neurological signs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Ngoc Nguyen
- Department of Infectious Disease and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Nonglam University, Thu Duc district, Hochiminh City, Vietnam. .,HanViet Veterinary Diagnostic Lab, Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Nonglam University, Thu Duc district, Hochiminh City, Vietnam.
| | - Quan T Nguyen
- HanViet Veterinary Diagnostic Lab, Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Nonglam University, Thu Duc district, Hochiminh City, Vietnam
| | - Binh T P Nguyen
- HanViet Veterinary Diagnostic Lab, Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Nonglam University, Thu Duc district, Hochiminh City, Vietnam
| | - Thu H A Tran
- HanViet Veterinary Diagnostic Lab, Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Nonglam University, Thu Duc district, Hochiminh City, Vietnam
| | - Duy T Do
- Department of Infectious Disease and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Nonglam University, Thu Duc district, Hochiminh City, Vietnam
| | - Hai Thanh Hoang
- Department of Infectious Disease and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Nonglam University, Thu Duc district, Hochiminh City, Vietnam.
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35
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Wei Z, Wang X, Feng H, Ji F, Bai D, Dong X, Huang W. Isothermal nucleic acid amplification technology for rapid detection of virus. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2022; 43:415-432. [PMID: 35156471 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2022.2030295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
While the research field and industrial market of in vitro diagnosis (IVD) thrived during and post the COVID-19 pandemic, the development of isothermal nucleic acid amplification test (INAAT) based rapid diagnosis was engendered in a global wised large measure as a problem-solving exercise. This review systematically analyzed the recent advances of INAAT strategies with practical case for the real-world scenario virus detection applications. With the qualities that make INAAT systems useful for making diagnosis relevant decisions, the key performance indicators and the cost-effectiveness of enzyme-assisted methods and enzyme-free methods were compared. The modularity of nucleic acid amplification reactions that can lead to thresholding signal amplifications using INAAT reagents and their methodology design were examined, alongside the potential application with rapid test platform/device integration. Given that clinical practitioners are, by and large, unaware of many the isothermal nucleic acid test advances. This review could bridge the arcane research field of different INAAT systems and signal output modalities with end-users in clinic when choosing suitable test kits and/or methods for rapid virus detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenting Wei
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), MIIT Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Xi'an Key Laboratory of Special Medicine and Health Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
- North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Xiaowen Wang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), MIIT Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Xi'an Key Laboratory of Special Medicine and Health Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
- North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Huhu Feng
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), MIIT Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Xi'an Key Laboratory of Special Medicine and Health Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Fanpu Ji
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The 2nd Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Nanchong, China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnosis and Biotherapy, The 2nd Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Nanchong, China
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University Medical Center, Nanchong, China
| | - Dan Bai
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), MIIT Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Xi'an Key Laboratory of Special Medicine and Health Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
- Research and Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Nanchong, China
| | - Xiaoping Dong
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanchong, China
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Nanchong, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), MIIT Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Xi'an Key Laboratory of Special Medicine and Health Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
- Research and Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Nanchong, China
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanchong, China
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36
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Pikalo J, Carrau T, Deutschmann P, Fischer M, Schlottau K, Beer M, Blome S. Performance Characteristics of Real-Time PCRs for African Swine Fever Virus Genome Detection—Comparison of Twelve Kits to an OIE-Recommended Method. Viruses 2022; 14:v14020220. [PMID: 35215814 PMCID: PMC8875665 DOI: 10.3390/v14020220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is a major threat to pig production, and real-time PCR (qPCR) protocols are an integral part of ASF laboratory diagnosis. With the pandemic spread of ASF, commercial kits have risen on the market. In Germany, the kits have to go through an approval process and thus, general validation can be assumed. However, they have never been compared to each other. In this study, 12 commercial PCR kits were compared to an OIE-recommended method. Samples representing different matrices, genome loads, and genotypes were included in a panel that was tested under diagnostic conditions. The comparison included user-friendliness, internal controls, and the time required. All qPCRs were able to detect ASFV genome in different matrices across all genotypes and disease courses. With one exception, there were no significant differences when comparing the overall mean. The overall specificity was 100% (95% CI 87.66–100), and the sensitivity was between 95% and 100% (95% CI 91.11–100). As can be expected, variability concerned samples with low genome load. To conclude, all tests were fit for purpose. The test system can therefore be chosen based on compatibility and prioritization of the internal control system.
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Development of a one-step multiplex qRT–PCR assay for the detection of African swine fever virus, classical swine fever virus and atypical porcine pestivirus. BMC Vet Res 2022; 18:43. [PMID: 35042532 PMCID: PMC8764768 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-022-03144-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background African swine fever virus (ASFV), classical swine fever virus (CSFV) and atypical porcine pestivirus (APPV) have caused great economic losses to the swine industry in China. Since coinfections of ASFV, CSFV and APPV occur in certain pig herds, it is necessary to accurately and differentially detect these pathogens in field-collected samples. In this study, a one-step multiplex real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (multiplex qRT–PCR) was developed for the simultaneous and differential detection of ASFV, CSFV and APPV. Results The one-step multiplex qRT–PCR presented here was able to simultaneously detect ASFV, CSFV and APPV but could not amplify other viruses, including porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2), pseudorabies virus (PRV), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), porcine parvovirus (PPV), porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus (PEDV), transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), porcine rotavirus (PRoV), porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV), border disease virus (BDV), bovine viral diarrhoea virus type 1 (BVDV-1), BVDV-2, etc. The limit of detection (LOD) of the assay was 2.52 × 101 copies/μL for ASFV, CSFV and APPV. A repeatability test using standard recombinant plasmids showed that the intra- and interassay coefficients of variation (CVs) were less than 2%. An assay of 509 clinical samples collected in Guangxi Province, southern China, from October 2018 to December 2020 showed that the positive rates of ASFV, CSFV and APPV were 45.58, 12.57 and 3.54%, respectively, while the coinfection rates of ASFV and CSFV, ASFV and APPV, CSFV and APPV were 4.91, 1.38, 0.98%, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis based on the nucleotide sequences of the partial ASFV p72 gene showed that all ASFV strains from Guangxi Province belonged to genotypes I and II. Conclusion A one-step multiplex qRT–PCR with high specificity, sensitivity and repeatability was successfully developed for the simultaneous and differential detection of ASFV, CSFV and APPV.
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Xiong Y, Cao G, Chen X, Yang J, Shi M, Wang Y, Nie F, Huo D, Hou C. One-pot platform for rapid detecting virus utilizing recombinase polymerase amplification and CRISPR/Cas12a. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:4607-4616. [PMID: 35708748 PMCID: PMC9201268 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-12015-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The livestock industry has been deeply affected by African swine fever virus (ASFV) and Capripoxvirus (CaPV), which caused an enormous economic damage. It is emergent to develop a reliable detection method. Here, we developed a rapid, ultra-sensitive, and one-pot DNA detection method combining recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) and CRISPR/Cas12a for ASFV and CaPV, named one-pot-RPA-Cas12a (OpRCas) platform. It had the virtue of both RPA and CRISPR/Cas12a, such as high amplification efficiency, constant temperature reaction, and strict target selectivity, which made diagnosis simplified, accurate and easy to be operated without expensive equipment. Meanwhile, the reagents of RPA and CRISPR/Cas12a were added to the lid and bottom of tube in one go, which overcame the incompatibility of two reactions and aerosol contamination. To save cost, we only need a quarter of the amount of regular RPA per reaction which is enough to achieve clinical diagnosis. The OpRCas platform was 10 to 100 times more sensitive than qPCR; the limit of detection (LOD) was as low as 1.2 × 10-6 ng/µL (3.07 copies/µL by ddPCR) of ASFV and 7.7 × 10-5 ng/µL (1.02 copies/µL by ddPCR) of CaPV with the portable fluorometer in 40 min. In addition, the OpRCas platform combined with the lateral flow assay (LFA) strip to suit for point-of-care (POC) testing. It showed 93.3% consistency with qPCR for clinical sample analysis. Results prove that OpRCas platform is an easy-handling, ultra-sensitive, and rapid to achieve ASFV and CaPV POC testing. KEY POINTS: • The platform realizes one-pot reaction of RPA and Cas12a. • Sensitivity is 100 times more than qPCR. • Three output modes are suitable to be used to quantitative test or POC testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Xiong
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, People's Republic of China
| | - Gaihua Cao
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolong Chen
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cattle Diseases Detection (Chongqing), Chongqing Customs, Chongqing Customs Technology Center, Chongqing, 400020, People's Republic of China
| | - Meimei Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Cattle Diseases Detection (Chongqing), Chongqing Customs, Chongqing Customs Technology Center, Chongqing, 400020, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cattle Diseases Detection (Chongqing), Chongqing Customs, Chongqing Customs Technology Center, Chongqing, 400020, People's Republic of China
| | - Fuping Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Cattle Diseases Detection (Chongqing), Chongqing Customs, Chongqing Customs Technology Center, Chongqing, 400020, People's Republic of China.
| | - Danqun Huo
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, People's Republic of China.
| | - Changjun Hou
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, People's Republic of China.
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Yin D, Geng R, Lv H, Bao C, Shao H, Ye J, Qian K, Qin A. Development of Real-Time PCR Based on A137R Gene for the Detection of African Swine Fever Virus. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:753967. [PMID: 34912874 PMCID: PMC8666952 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.753967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
African swine fever virus (ASFV) can infect domestic pigs and wild boars and causes huge economic losses in global swine industry. Therefore, early diagnosis of ASFV is important for the control and eradication of African swine fever (ASF). In this study, a SYBR Green-based real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay targeting the viral encoded A137R gene was established for the detection of ASFV infection. For the evaluation of the established real-time PCR, 34 clinical samples were assessed by both the A137R gene-based real-time PCR and OIE-recommended TaqMan PCR. The results showed that 85.29% (29/34) were detected by A137R gene-based real-time PCR, but only 79.41% (27/34) positive using OIE-recommended TaqMan PCR. Moreover, no cross-reaction with other common swine pathogens was found in the A137R gene-based real-time PCR. These results demonstrated that the established real-time PCR assay in this study showed better performance than the OIE-recommended method in detecting ASFV from clinical samples, which could be applied for control and eradication programs of ASF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Yin
- The International Joint Laboratory for Cooperation in Agriculture and Agricultural Product Safety, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou, China
| | - Renhao Geng
- The International Joint Laboratory for Cooperation in Agriculture and Agricultural Product Safety, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou, China
| | - Hui Lv
- The International Joint Laboratory for Cooperation in Agriculture and Agricultural Product Safety, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou, China
| | - Chunhui Bao
- The International Joint Laboratory for Cooperation in Agriculture and Agricultural Product Safety, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou, China
| | - Hongxia Shao
- The International Joint Laboratory for Cooperation in Agriculture and Agricultural Product Safety, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jianqiang Ye
- The International Joint Laboratory for Cooperation in Agriculture and Agricultural Product Safety, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou, China
| | - Kun Qian
- The International Joint Laboratory for Cooperation in Agriculture and Agricultural Product Safety, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou, China
| | - Aijian Qin
- The International Joint Laboratory for Cooperation in Agriculture and Agricultural Product Safety, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou, China
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40
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Niederwerder MC, Hefley TJ. Diagnostic sensitivity of porcine biological samples for detecting African swine fever virus infection after natural consumption in feed and liquid. Transbound Emerg Dis 2021; 69:2727-2734. [PMID: 34914859 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
African swine fever virus (ASFV) is a global threat to swine production and sustainable pork supply. Without a commercially available vaccine, prevention of ASFV entry and spread is reliant on biosecurity and early detection of infection. Although ASFV ingestion in swill or feed by naïve pigs is a likely route of initial introduction, controlled experimental studies rarely utilize natural consumption as the infection route. In the current study, we utilized biological samples collected from pigs 5 days after natural consumption of ASFV in feed and liquid to assess diagnostic sensitivity for early detection of virus infection. Biological samples (serum, spleen, lymph nodes, tonsils, and faeces) were assessed for the presence of ASFV using quantitative PCR and virus isolation. Statistical methods modelled the detection sensitivity of each sample type with each diagnostic assay in individual samples. Our results provide important information that can be incorporated into ASFV surveillance programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan C Niederwerder
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
| | - Trevor J Hefley
- Department of Statistics, College of Arts and Sciences, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
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Kivumbi C, Yona C, Hakizimana J, Misinzo G. An assessment of the epidemiology and socioeconomic impact of the 2019 African swine fever outbreak in Ngara district, western Tanzania. Vet Anim Sci 2021; 14:100198. [PMID: 34585020 PMCID: PMC8455476 DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2021.100198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is a contagious viral transboundary animal disease affecting domestic pigs caused by ASF virus (ASFV). This study was conducted in order to determine the genetic characteristics, risk factors and socioeconomic impact of an ASF outbreak in 2019 in Ngara, western Tanzania. Tissue samples from dead domestic pigs with clinical picture suggestive of ASF infection were collected for ASF confirmation and genetic characterization of ASFV. Data on the risk factors and socioeconomic impact associated with the ASF outbreak were collected from consenting farmers using a semi-structured questionnaire. Disease confirmation was done by detection of genomic ASFV DNA using polymerase chain reaction. Partial amplification of the ASFV genome, dideoxynucleotide sequencing of the PCR products followed by bioinformatics analyses was conducted to determine the ASFV genotypes. Phylogenetic reconstruction of the variable 3'-end of the B646L gene clustered the ASFV isolate into genotype X. Analysis of the intergenic fragment sequences between 173R and 1329L genes showed that the viral strains TAN/19/Ngara and Kenya 1950 similarly lacked a 36 bp fragment that is present in strain Ken05/Tk1. Feeding pigs of uncooked swill was shown to be significantly associated with ASF spread (OR = 3.08, C.I.95% = 1.06-8.99, P = 0.0009). Occurrence of ASF outbreak resulted in loss of income and investment as most farmers kept pigs for the purpose of income generation. Food security was disturbed due to high pig mortality following occurrence of ASF outbreak. A total of 93,630,000 Tanzanian shillings (approximately 41,065 USD) was estimated to be lost as a result of pigs' mortality in 219 households. The findings of the present study associate ASFV genotype X with the 2019 ASF outbreak in Ngara and feeding pigs with uncooked swill with spread of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- C.C. Kivumbi
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Parasitology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania
- SACIDS Africa Centre of Excellence for Infectious Diseases, SACIDS Foundation for One Health, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - C. Yona
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Parasitology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania
- Department of Biosciences, Solomon Mahlangu College of Science and Education, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - J.N. Hakizimana
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Parasitology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania
- SACIDS Africa Centre of Excellence for Infectious Diseases, SACIDS Foundation for One Health, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - G. Misinzo
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Parasitology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania
- SACIDS Africa Centre of Excellence for Infectious Diseases, SACIDS Foundation for One Health, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania
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Rajkhowa TK, Kiran J, Hauhnar L, Zodinpui D, Paul A, Sagolsem S. Molecular detection and characterization of African swine fever virus from field outbreaks in domestic pigs, Mizoram, India. Transbound Emerg Dis 2021; 69:e1028-e1036. [PMID: 34743424 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is a devastating haemorrhagic disease of domestic pigs, which can cause mortality up to 100%. Sudden mortality in pigs following an acute course of systemic disease was investigated in Mizoram state of India and confirmed the outbreak as ASF. Affected pigs suffered from severe depression, high fever, bloody diarrhoea, cutaneous haemorrhages and showed haemorrhagic lesions in visceral organs. The outbreak was confirmed by detection of p72, p54 and the central variable region of B602L genes by PCR in representative tissue samples collected from dead pigs. The nucleotide and phylogenetic analyses of p72, p54 and B602L characterized the ASFV as genotype II. Interestingly, the analysis of B602L gene has revealed that the ASFV from Mizoram state of India is more closely linked to the Eurasian ASFV strains isolated prior to 2014 and discriminated the Indian strains in two separate groups indicating that the source of origin for the Mizoram outbreak could be different from that of the other states of India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tridib Kumar Rajkhowa
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Central Agricultural University, Selesih, Aizawl, Mizoram, India
| | - J Kiran
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Central Agricultural University, Selesih, Aizawl, Mizoram, India
| | - Lalthapui Hauhnar
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Central Agricultural University, Selesih, Aizawl, Mizoram, India
| | - Doris Zodinpui
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Central Agricultural University, Selesih, Aizawl, Mizoram, India
| | - Amitava Paul
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Central Agricultural University, Selesih, Aizawl, Mizoram, India
| | - Sheityabati Sagolsem
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Central Agricultural University, Selesih, Aizawl, Mizoram, India
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Szewczyk M, Łepek K, Nowak S, Witek M, Bajcarczyk A, Kurek K, Stachyra P, Mysłajek RW, Szewczyk B. Evaluation of the Presence of ASFV in Wolf Feces Collected from Areas in Poland with ASFV Persistence. Viruses 2021; 13:v13102062. [PMID: 34696492 PMCID: PMC8541390 DOI: 10.3390/v13102062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF), caused by a DNA virus (ASFV) belonging to genus Asfivirus of the Asfarviridae family, is one of the most threatening diseases of suids. During last few years, it has spread among populations of wild boars and pigs in countries of Eastern and Central Europe, causing huge economical losses. While local ASF occurrence is positively correlated with wild boar density, ecology of this species (social structure, movement behavior) constrains long-range disease transmission. Thus, it has been speculated that carnivores known for high daily movement and long-range dispersal ability, such as the wolf (Canis lupus), may be indirect ASFV vectors. To test this, we analyzed 62 wolf fecal samples for the presence of ASFV DNA, collected mostly in parts of Poland declared as ASF zones. This dataset included 20 samples confirmed to contain wild boar remains, 13 of which were collected near places where GPS-collared wolves fed on dead wild boars. All analyzed fecal samples were ASFV-negative. On the other hand, eight out of nine wild boar carcasses that were fed on by telemetrically studied wolves were positive. Thus, our results suggest that when wolves consume meat of ASFV-positive wild boars, the virus does not survive the passage through intestinal tract. Additionally, wolves may limit ASFV transmission by removing infectious carrion. We speculate that in areas where telemetric studies on large carnivores are performed, data from GPS collars could be used to enhance efficiency of carcass search, which is one of the main preventive measures to constrain ASF spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Szewczyk
- Department of Vertebrate Ecology and Zoology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland; (M.S.); (M.W.)
| | - Krzysztof Łepek
- Department of Recombinant Vaccines, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdańsk, Abrahama 58, 80-307 Gdańsk, Poland; (K.Ł.); (A.B.)
| | - Sabina Nowak
- Department of Ecology, Institute of Functional Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Biology, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warszawa, Poland;
| | - Małgorzata Witek
- Department of Vertebrate Ecology and Zoology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland; (M.S.); (M.W.)
| | - Anna Bajcarczyk
- Department of Recombinant Vaccines, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdańsk, Abrahama 58, 80-307 Gdańsk, Poland; (K.Ł.); (A.B.)
| | - Korneliusz Kurek
- Masurian Centre for Biodiversity, Research and Education, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Urwitałt 1, 11-730 Mikołajki, Poland;
| | | | - Robert W. Mysłajek
- Department of Ecology, Institute of Functional Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Biology, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warszawa, Poland;
- Correspondence: (R.W.M.); (B.S.)
| | - Bogusław Szewczyk
- Department of Recombinant Vaccines, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdańsk, Abrahama 58, 80-307 Gdańsk, Poland; (K.Ł.); (A.B.)
- Correspondence: (R.W.M.); (B.S.)
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Tian T, Qiu Z, Jiang Y, Zhu D, Zhou X. Exploiting the orthogonal CRISPR-Cas12a/Cas13a trans-cleavage for dual-gene virus detection using a handheld device. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 196:113701. [PMID: 34653714 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Although CRISPR-Cas12a and CRISPR-Cas13a systems work individually effective on gene detection, their multiplex detection capability is limited due to the lack of specific probe cleavage mechanism. Herein we present a high-efficient dual-gene diagnostic technique based on the orthogonal DNA/RNA collateral cleavage mechanism of Cas12a/Cas13a system. In this design, dual-gene amplified products from the multiplex recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) were simultaneously detected by Cas12a and Cas13a assay in a single tube. The resulting orthogonal DNA/RNA collateral cleavage can specifically illuminate two spectral differentiated DNA and RNA probes, respectively. By integrating with the smartphone-based fluorescence readout, a portable detection platform is achieved. As a proof-of-concept, reliable dual-gene detection of SARS-CoV-2 and African Swine fever virus (ASFV) were demonstrated, exhibiting 100% sensitivity and specificity for clinical samples analysis (32 swab specimens for SARS-CoV-2 and 35 ASFV suspected swine blood samples). This developed portable dual-gene detection platform can provide accurate point-of-care screening of infectious diseases in resources-limited settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Tian
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Zhiqiang Qiu
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Yongzhong Jiang
- Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, 430079, PR China
| | - Debin Zhu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biomedicine, School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Xiaoming Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China.
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Bisimwa PN, Dione M, Basengere B, Mushagalusa CA, Steinaa L, Ongus J. Risk factors of African swine fever virus in suspected infected pigs in smallholder farming systems in South-Kivu province, Democratic Republic of Congo. J Vet Sci 2021; 22:e35. [PMID: 34056876 PMCID: PMC8170224 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2021.22.e35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND African swine fever (ASF) is an infectious viral disease of domestic pigs that presents as a hemorrhagic fever, and for which no effective vaccine is available. The disease has a serious negative social and economic impact on pig keepers. There is limited information on the potential risk factors responsible for the spread of ASF in South Kivu. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine the potential risk factors associated with ASF infection in suspected ASF virus (ASFV)-infected pigs. METHODS We sampled whole blood from 391 pigs. Additionally, 300 pig farmers were interviewed using a structured questionnaire. Viral DNA was detected by using the real-time polymerase chain reaction technique. RESULTS The majority of pigs sampled, 78% (95% confidence interval [CI], 74.4-82.6), were of local breeds. Over half, 60.4% (95% CI, 55.5-65.2), were female, and most of them, 90.5% (95% CI, 87.6-93.4), were adult pigs (> 1 year old). Viral DNA was detected in 72 of the 391 sampled pigs, indicating an overall infection rate of 18.4% (95% CI, 14.5-22.4). Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed several risk factors positively associated with ASFV infection: feeding with swill in pen (odds ratio [OR], 3.8; 95% CI, 2.12-6.77); mixed ages of pigs in the same pen (OR, 3.3; 95% CI, 1.99-5.57); introduction of new animals to the farm (OR, 5.4; 95% CI, 1.91-15.28). The risk factors that were negatively (protective) correlated with ASFV positivity were the presence of male animals and the use of an in-pen breeding system. CONCLUSION Local pig farmers should be encouraged to adopt proper husbandry and feeding practices in order to increase the number of ASF-free farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick N Bisimwa
- Department of Animal Sciences and Production, Université Evangélique en Afrique, Bukavu 3323, Democratic Republic of Congo.,Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Pan African University Institute of Basic Sciences, Technology and Innovation, Nairobi 62000-00200, Kenya.
| | - Michel Dione
- International Livestock Research Institute, Dakar 24265, Senegal.,Department of Animal and Human Health, International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi 30709, Kenya
| | - Bisimwa Basengere
- Department of Animal Sciences and Production, Université Evangélique en Afrique, Bukavu 3323, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Ciza Arsène Mushagalusa
- Department of Animal Sciences and Production, Université Evangélique en Afrique, Bukavu 3323, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Lucilla Steinaa
- International Livestock Research Institute, Dakar 24265, Senegal.,Department of Animal and Human Health, International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi 30709, Kenya
| | - Juliette Ongus
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Pan African University Institute of Basic Sciences, Technology and Innovation, Nairobi 62000-00200, Kenya.,Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi 62000-00200, Kenya
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46
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Rajkhowa TK, Thanga L, Hauhnar L, Zodinpui D, Subbiah M. Molecular detection and characterization of highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus from a natural outbreak in wild pigs, Mizoram, India. Transbound Emerg Dis 2021; 69:e288-e298. [PMID: 34406700 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study reports for the first time a natural outbreak of highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (HP-PRRS) caused by HP-PRRS virus (HP-PRRSV) in wild pigs characterized by sudden onset of depression, anorexia, respiratory distress, and high fever. The disease has caused severe haemorrhagic pneumonia, haemorrhagic lymphadenitis, enlarged spleen with areas of infarction, and petechial haemorrhages on the myocardium and on the surface of kidneys. HP-PRRSV was detected in representative tissue samples by reverse transcription-PCR, and the field strain was isolated in the MA104 cell line. The phylogenetic analyses based on the whole genome sequences and nucleotide sequences of open reading frame 5 (ORF5) gene showed close grouping with the subtype IV of lineage 8/8.7 of PRRSV II, which represents the HP-PRRSV strains that predominate in the pig population of China since 2010. The amino acid sequence analysis of the ORF5 gene revealed the replacement of leucine (L) at position 39 to isoleucine (I) in the primary neutralizing epitope. Among the four potential N glycosylation sites, the N34 was mutated and found to be restricted to only three N glycosylation sites. The present findings have indicated that HP-PRRSV can cause fatal outbreaks and may emerge as a major threat to the wild pig population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tridib Kumar Rajkhowa
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Sciences & Animal Husbandry, Central Agricultural University, Aizawl, Mizoram, India
| | - Lalnun Thanga
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Sciences & Animal Husbandry, Central Agricultural University, Aizawl, Mizoram, India
| | - Lalthapui Hauhnar
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Sciences & Animal Husbandry, Central Agricultural University, Aizawl, Mizoram, India
| | - Doris Zodinpui
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Sciences & Animal Husbandry, Central Agricultural University, Aizawl, Mizoram, India
| | - Madhuri Subbiah
- National Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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Yang B, Shi Z, Ma Y, Wang L, Cao L, Luo J, Wan Y, Song R, Yan Y, Yuan K, Tian H, Zheng H. LAMP assay coupled with CRISPR/Cas12a system for portable detection of African swine fever virus. Transbound Emerg Dis 2021; 69:e216-e223. [PMID: 34370390 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is one of the most severe infectious diseases of pigs. In this study, a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay coupled with the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas12a system was established in one tube for the detection of the African swine fever virus (ASFV) p72 gene. The single-stranded DNA-fluorophore quencher reporter and CRISPR-derived RNA were screened and selected for the CRISPR detection system. In combination with LAMP amplification assay, the detection limit for the LAMP-CRISPR assay can reach 7 copies/μl of p72 gene per reaction. Furthermore, this method displays no cross-reactivity with other porcine DNA or RNA viruses. The performance of the LAMP-CRISPR assay was compared with real-time qPCR tests for clinical samples; a good consistency between the LAMP-CRISPR assay and real-time qPCR was observed. The method shed a light on the convenient, portable, low cost, highly sensitive and specific detection of ASFV, demonstrating a great application potential for monitoring on-site ASFV in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,Research and Development Department, Shenzhen Bioeasy Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhengwang Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yuan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Lijuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Liyan Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Juncong Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ying Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Rui Song
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yiyong Yan
- Research and Development Department, Shenzhen Bioeasy Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China
| | - Kehu Yuan
- Research and Development Department, Shenzhen Bioeasy Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China
| | - Hong Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Haixue Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
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Chen L, Wen K, Chen FE, Trick AY, Liu H, Shao S, Yu W, Hsieh K, Wang Z, Shen J, Wang TH. Portable Magnetofluidic Device for Point-of-Need Detection of African Swine Fever. Anal Chem 2021; 93:10940-10946. [PMID: 34319068 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c01814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
With a nearly 100% mortality rate, African swine fever (ASF) has devastated the pork industry in many countries. Without a vaccine in sight, mitigation rests on rapid diagnosis and immediately depopulating infected or exposed animals. Unfortunately, current tests require centralized laboratories with well-trained personnel, take days to report the results, and thus do not meet the need for such rapid diagnosis. In response, we developed a portable, sample-to-answer device that allows for ASF detection at the point of need in <30 min. The device employs droplet magnetofluidics to automate DNA purification from blood, tissue, or swab samples and utilizes fast thermal cycling to perform real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), all within an inexpensive disposable cartridge. We evaluated its diagnostic performance at six farms and slaughter facilities. The device exhibits high diagnostic accuracy with a positive percent agreement of 92.2% and a negative percent agreement of 93.6% compared with a lab-based reference qPCR test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liben Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Kai Wen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Fan-En Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Alexander Y Trick
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Hebin Liu
- Beijing Mingrida Science & Technology Development Co., Ltd., Beijing 100095, China
| | - Shibei Shao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wenbo Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Kuangwen Hsieh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Zhanhui Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jianzhong Shen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Tza-Huei Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States.,Institute for NanoBiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
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Awosanya EJ, Olugasa BO, Gimba FI, Sabri MY, Ogundipe GA. Detection of African swine fever virus in pigs in Southwest Nigeria. Vet World 2021; 14:1840-1845. [PMID: 34475707 PMCID: PMC8404123 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2021.1840-1845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Nigeria experienced repeated outbreaks of African swine fever (ASF) in pig herds between 1997 and 2005 in the southwest region of the country. ASF is believed to currently be enzootic in this region. The status of enzootic transmission of ASF virus strain to pigs is; however, unknown. Twenty-three genotypes of the ASF virus based on the p72 gene are found across Africa. This study aimed to identify the current circulating field strain(s) of the ASF virus in Southwest Nigeria and characterized evolutionary trends. MATERIALS AND METHODS DNA samples were extracted from 144 pooled blood samples obtained from 2012 to 2013 following the manufacturer's instructions. DNA was used for conventional polymerase chain reaction using primers targeting the p72 gene and amplified products sequenced with Sanger's sequencing. Sequences were analyzed for homology and phylogenetic relationships. RESULTS Eleven of 144 samples (7.6%) showed bands at 950 bp. A new field strain of ASF virus of genotype I that shared ancestry with ASF virus strains or isolates from Spain and Brazil was identified among pig herds. The new strain differs phylogenetically in amino acid composition compared with previously identified ASF virus field strains. CONCLUSION The currently circulating field strain of ASF virus suggests a mutation responsible for decreased morbidity and mortality recorded in sporadic cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Jolaoluwa Awosanya
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Babasola Oluseyi Olugasa
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Fufa Ido Gimba
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Yusoff Sabri
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Gabriel Adetunji Ogundipe
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
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50
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Wang Y, Dai J, Liu Y, Yang J, Hou Q, Ou Y, Ding Y, Ma B, Chen H, Li M, Sun Y, Zheng H, Zhang K, Wubshet AK, Zaberezhny AD, Aliper TI, Tarasiuk K, Pejsak Z, Liu Z, Zhang Y, Zhang J. Development of a Potential Penside Colorimetric LAMP Assay Using Neutral Red for Detection of African Swine Fever Virus. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:609821. [PMID: 33967972 PMCID: PMC8102904 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.609821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) has caused huge economic losses to the swine industry worldwide. Since there is no commercial ASF vaccine available, an early diagnosis is extremely important to prevent and control the disease. In this study, ASF virus (ASFV) capsid protein-encoding gene (p72) was selected and used to design primers for establishing a one-step visual loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay with neutral red, a pH-sensitive dye, as the color shift indicator. Neutral red exhibited a sharp contrast of color change from faint orange (negative) to pink (positive) during LAMP for detection of ASFV. The designed primer set targeting highly conserved region of the p72 gene was highly specific to ASFV and showed no cross-reactivity with other swine viruses. The detection limit for the one-step visual LAMP developed was 10 copies/reaction based on the recombinant plasmid containing the p72 gene of ASFV. More importantly, the developed one-step visual LAMP showed high consistency with the results of the real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) method recommended by World Organization for Animal Health (OIE). Furthermore, the results demonstrate that the colorimetric detection with this LAMP assay could be directly applied for the whole blood and serum samples without requiring genome extraction. Based on our results, the developed one-step visual LAMP assay is a promising penside diagnostic tool for development of early and cost-effective ASF monitoring program that would greatly contribute to the prevention and control of ASF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Junfei Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yongsheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jifei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qian Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yunwen Ou
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yaozhong Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Bing Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Haotai Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - MiaoMiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yuefeng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Haixue Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Keshan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ashenafi Kiros Wubshet
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,Department of Basic and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
| | - Alexei D Zaberezhny
- Federal State Budgetary Institution, All-Russian Research and Technological Institute of Biological Industry (VNITIBP), Moscow, Russia
| | - Taras I Aliper
- Federal State Budget Scientific Institution "Federal Scientific Center VIEV", Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Zygmunt Pejsak
- University Center of Veterinary Medicine JU-AU, Krakow, Poland
| | - Zhijie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yongguang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
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