1
|
Adorján A, Thuma Á, Könyves L, Tóth I. First isolation of atypical enteropathogenic Escherichia coli from geese (Anser anser domestica) and first description of atypical EPEC from turkeys and pigeons in Hungary. BMC Vet Res 2021; 17:263. [PMID: 34353312 PMCID: PMC8340449 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-021-02968-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Escherichia coli is a bacterial species widely distributed among mammals and avian species, and also a member of the normal intestinal microbiota. However, some E. coli strains of different pathotypes can cause disease in both humans and animals. Atypical enteropathogenic E. coli (aEPEC) can infect both animals and humans or influence the severity of other ongoing infections. Results In the present study, a total of 332 samples were collected from ducks, geese, turkeys, chickens, and pigeons from the Hungarian Veterinary Diagnostic Directorate, two slaughterhouses, two pigeon keepers and one backyard chicken farm. E. coli was isolated and verified from 319 samples. The isolates were screened by PCR for diarrheagenic E. coli pathotypes. Altogether seven atypical enteropathogenic E. coli (aEPEC) strains were identified: two from four-week-old dead turkeys, two from force-fed geese, and three from pigeons. No further pathotypes were identified in the collection. The atypical EPEC strains were classified phylogenetically to B1, B2, and F, and four out of the seven aEPEC isolates proved to be multidrug resistant. Serotypes of aEPEC strains were uniform collected from same farms and showed diversity between their origins with O76, O145, O109 serogroups. Conclusions This is the first report in the literature about aEPEC in goose (Anser anser domestica). Furthermore, this is the first isolation of aEPEC from turkeys and pigeons in Hungary. The uneven distribution of aEPEC in different age groups of poultry suggests that aEPEC disappears with growing up, but stress (e.g.: force-feeding) and concurrent diseases might promote its reappearance in the intestine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- András Adorján
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Ákos Thuma
- Veterinary Diagnostic Directorate, National Food Chain Safety Office, Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Könyves
- Department of Animal Hygiene and Mobile Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - István Tóth
- Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, Budapest, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Javadi K, Mohebi S, Motamedifar M, Hadi N. Characterization and antibiotic resistance pattern of diffusely adherent Escherichia coli (DAEC), isolated from paediatric diarrhoea in Shiraz, southern Iran. New Microbes New Infect 2020; 38:100780. [PMID: 33163200 PMCID: PMC7607503 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2020.100780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Diarrhoea is a major health concern, especially in developing countries. Research has implicated diffusely adherent Escherichia coli (DAEC) strains as a cause of diarrhoea. In this study, we investigated the prevalence, adherence assay, virulence gene profiles and antimicrobial resistance of DAEC at a hospital in southern Iran. In this cross-sectional study, 309 infants and children under the age of 13 years with diarrhoea who had been referred to Shahid Dastgheib Hospital, Shiraz between October 2018 and May 2019 were recruited. Microbiological methods, PCR, HEp-2 adherence assay and antimicrobial susceptibility test were used. Of the 309 stool samples, 207 (66.9%) were found to contain E. coli by biochemical tests and culture. Molecular analysis of Afa/Dr and AIDA-I adhesin-encoding genes showed that 14 (6.7%) out of 207 E. coli isolates were DAEC. All DAEC isolates in HEp-2 cells showed a diffusely adherent pattern. The virulence genes sat, pet, sigA, pic, astA and fimH were found in 50%, 0%, 14.2%, 14.2%, 21.4% and 100% of DAEC isolates, respectively. The most effective antibiotic against the DAEC isolates was imipenem (92.8%) and the least effective was ampicillin (0%). Our findings expand the knowledge on DAEC prevalence and its characteristics in Iran. It also explains the role of virulence genes in DAEC pathogenesis. The results showed that although the prevalence of DAEC is low, these strains exhibit a high rate of antimicrobial resistance as well as high frequency for carrying virulence genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Javadi
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - S Mohebi
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - M Motamedifar
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Shiraz HIV/AIDS Research Centre, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - N Hadi
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Research Centre, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ramos-Vivas J, Chapartegui-González I, Fernández-Martínez M, González-Rico C, Barrett J, Fortún J, Escudero R, Marco F, Linares L, Nieto J, Aranzamendi M, Muñoz P, Valerio M, Aguado JM, Chaves F, Gracia-Ahufinger I, Paez-Vega A, Martínez-Martínez L, Fariñas MC. Adherence to Human Colon Cells by Multidrug Resistant Enterobacterales Strains Isolated From Solid Organ Transplant Recipients With a Focus on Citrobacter freundii. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:447. [PMID: 33042855 PMCID: PMC7525035 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterobacteria species are common causes of hospital-acquired infections, which are associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. Immunocompromised patients such as solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients are especially at risk because they are frequently exposed to antibiotics in the course of their treatments. In this work, we used a collection of 106 Escherichia coli, 78 Klebsiella pneumoniae, 25 Enterobacter spp., and 24 Citrobacter spp. multidrug resistant strains isolated from transplant patients (hepatic, renal or renal/pancreatic) in order to examine their ability to adhere in vitro to HT-29 human colon cells, and to determine if some adhesive characteristics are associated with prevalence and persistence of these strains. A total of 33 E. coli (31%), 21 K. pneumoniae (27%), 7 Enterobacter spp. (28%), and 5 Citrobacter spp. (21%), adhered to the colon epithelial cells. Two main adherence patterns were observed in the four species analyzed, diffuse adherence, and aggregative adherence. Under transmission electronic microscopy (TEM), most bacteria lacked visible fimbria on their surface, despite their strong adherence to epithelial cells. None of the strains studied was able to induce any cytotoxic effect on HT-29 cells although some of them strongly colonizing both cells and glass coverslips at high density. Some of the strains failed to adhere to the epithelial cells but adhered strongly to the cover-slide, which shows that microscopy studies are mandatory to elucidate the adherence of bacteria to epithelial cells in vitro, and that quantitative assays using colony forming unit (CFUs) counting need to be supplemented with pictures to determine definitively if a bacterial strain adheres or not to animal cells in vitro. We report here, for the first time, the aggregative adherence pattern of two multidrug resistant (MDR) Citrobacter freundii strains isolated from human patients; importantly, biofilm formation in Citrobacter is totally dependent on the temperature; strong biofilms were formed at room temperature (RT) but not at 37°C, which can play an important role in the colonization of hospital surfaces. In conclusion, our results show that there is a great variety of adhesion phenotypes in multidrug-resistant strains that colonize transplanted patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marta Fernández-Martínez
- Instituto de Investigación Valdecilla-IDIVAL, Santander, Spain.,Service of Microbiology, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain
| | - Claudia González-Rico
- Instituto de Investigación Valdecilla-IDIVAL, Santander, Spain.,Service of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain
| | - John Barrett
- Instituto de Investigación Valdecilla-IDIVAL, Santander, Spain.,New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jesús Fortún
- Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa Escudero
- Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francesc Marco
- Service of Microbiology, Hospital Clínic-IDIBAPS, Universidad de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Linares
- Infectious Diseases Service, Hospital Clínic-IDIBAPS, Universidad de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Nieto
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital Universitario de Cruces, Barakaldo, Spain
| | | | - Patricia Muñoz
- Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maricela Valerio
- Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose María Aguado
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Chaves
- Service of Microbiology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Gracia-Ahufinger
- Microbiology Unit, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain.,Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain.,Department of Microbiology, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Aurora Paez-Vega
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Luis Martínez-Martínez
- Microbiology Unit, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain.,Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain.,Department of Microbiology, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - María Carmen Fariñas
- Instituto de Investigación Valdecilla-IDIVAL, Santander, Spain.,Service of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Li X, Luo Q, Yu X, Zhang Y, Cao X, Li D. Diversity of Virulence Genes in Multidrug Resistant Escherichia coli from a Hospital in Western China. Infect Drug Resist 2019; 12:3817-3826. [PMID: 31824179 PMCID: PMC6901040 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s226072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Escherichia coli strains are the most commonly isolated bacteria in hospitals. The normally harmless commensal E. coli can become a highly adapted pathogen, capable of causing various diseases both in healthy and immunocompromised individuals, by acquiring a combination of mobile genetic elements. Our aim was to characterize E. coli strains from a hospital in western China to determine their virulence and antimicrobial resistance potential. Methods A total of 97 E. coli clinical isolates were collected from the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College from 2015 to 2016. Microbiological methods, PCR, and antimicrobial susceptibility tests were used in this study. Results The frequency of occurrence of the virulence genes fimC, irp2, fimH, fyuA, lpfA, hlyA, sat, and cnf1 in the E. coli isolates was 93.81, 92.78, 91.75, 84.54, 41.24, 32.99, 28.86, and 7.22%, respectively. Ninety-five (97.9%) isolates carried two or more different virulence genes. Of these, 44 (45.4%) isolates simultaneously harbored five virulence genes, 24 (24.7%) isolates harbored four virulence genes, and 17 (17.5%) isolates harbored six virulence genes. In addition, all E. coli isolates were multidrug resistant and had a high degree of antimicrobial resistance. Conclusion These results indicate a high frequency of occurrence and heterogeneity of virulence gene profiles among clinical multidrug resistant E. coli isolates. Therefore, appropriate surveillance and control measures are essential to prevent the further spread of these isolates in hospitals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xue Li
- Non-Coding RNA and Drug Discovery Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Luo
- Non-Coding RNA and Drug Discovery Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyu Yu
- Non-Coding RNA and Drug Discovery Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanling Zhang
- Non-Coding RNA and Drug Discovery Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyue Cao
- Non-Coding RNA and Drug Discovery Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Li
- School of Medical Laboratory Science, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, People's Republic of China.,Sichuan Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Prevention and Control Technology of Veterinary Drug Residue in Animal-Origin Food, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Li D, Shen M, Xu Y, Liu C, Wang W, Wu J, Luo X, Jia X, Ma Y. Virulence gene profiles and molecular genetic characteristics of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli from a hospital in western China. Gut Pathog 2018; 10:35. [PMID: 30127859 PMCID: PMC6097206 DOI: 10.1186/s13099-018-0262-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) is one of the most important etiological agents of diarrheal diseases. In this study we investigated the prevalence, virulence gene profiles, antimicrobial resistance, and molecular genetic characteristics of DEC at a hospital in western China. Methods A total of 110 Escherichia coli clinical isolates were collected from the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College from 2015 to 2016. Microbiological methods, PCR, antimicrobial susceptibility test, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and multilocus sequence typing were used in this study. Results Molecular analysis of six DEC pathotype marker genes showed that 13 of the 110 E. coli isolates (11.82%) were DEC including nine (8.18%) diffusely adherent Escherichia coli (DAEC) and four (3.64%) enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC). The adherence genes fimC and fimH were present in all DAEC and EAEC isolates. All nine DAEC isolates harbored the virulence genes fyuA and irp2 and four (44.44%) also carried the hlyA and sat genes. The virulence genes fyuA, irp2, cnf1, hlyA, and sat were found in 100%, 100%, 75%, 50%, and 50% of EAEC isolates, respectively. In addition, all DEC isolates were multidrug resistant and had high frequencies of antimicrobial resistance. Molecular genetic characterization showed that the 13 DEC isolates were divided into 11 pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns and 10 sequence types. Conclusions To the best of our knowledge, this study provides the first report of DEC, including DAEC and EAEC, in western China. Our analyses identified the virulence genes present in E. coli from a hospital indicating their role in the isolated DEC strains’ pathogenesis. At the same time, the analyses revealed, the antimicrobial resistance pattern of the DEC isolates. Thus, DAEC and EAEC among the DEC strains should be considered a significant risk to humans in western China due to their evolved pathogenicity and antimicrobial resistance pattern.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Li
- 1Department of Medical Genetics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan China.,2School of Medical Laboratory Science, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500 Sichuan China
| | - Min Shen
- 3Non-coding RNA and Drug Discovery Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500 Sichuan China
| | - Ying Xu
- 4Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500 Sichuan China
| | - Chao Liu
- 3Non-coding RNA and Drug Discovery Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500 Sichuan China
| | - Wen Wang
- 5West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan China
| | - Jinyan Wu
- 3Non-coding RNA and Drug Discovery Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500 Sichuan China
| | - Xianmei Luo
- 3Non-coding RNA and Drug Discovery Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500 Sichuan China
| | - Xu Jia
- 3Non-coding RNA and Drug Discovery Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500 Sichuan China
| | - Yongxin Ma
- 1Department of Medical Genetics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Gómez-Duarte OG. [Acute diarrheal disease caused by enteropathogenic Escherichia coli in Colombia]. Rev Chilena Infectol 2015; 31:577-86. [PMID: 25491457 DOI: 10.4067/s0716-10182014000500010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal Escherichia coli pathogens are leading causes of acute diarrheal disease in children less than 5 years in Latin America, Africa and Asia and a leading cause of death in children living in poorest communities in Africa and South East Asia. Studies on the role of E. coli pathogens in childhood diarrhea in Colombia and other countries in Latin America are limited due to the lack of detection assays in clinical laboratories at the main urban medical centers. Recent studies report that enterotoxigenic E. coli is the most common E. coli pathogens associated with diarrhea in children less than 5 years of age. Other E. coli pathotypes have been detected in children with diarrhea including enteropathogenic, enteroaggregative, shiga-toxin producing and diffusely adherent E. coli. It was also found that meat and vegetables at retail stores are contaminated with Shiga-toxin producing E. coli and enteroaggregative E. coli, suggesting that food products are involved in transmission and infection of the susceptible host. More studies are necessary to evaluate the mechanisms of transmission, the impact on the epidemiology of diarrheal disease, and management strategies and prevention of these pathogens affecting the pediatric population in Colombia.
Collapse
|
7
|
Pathogenesis of human diffusely adhering Escherichia coli expressing Afa/Dr adhesins (Afa/Dr DAEC): current insights and future challenges. Clin Microbiol Rev 2015; 27:823-69. [PMID: 25278576 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00036-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenicity and clinical pertinence of diffusely adhering Escherichia coli expressing the Afa/Dr adhesins (Afa/Dr DAEC) in urinary tract infections (UTIs) and pregnancy complications are well established. In contrast, the implication of intestinal Afa/Dr DAEC in diarrhea is still under debate. These strains are age dependently involved in diarrhea in children, are apparently not involved in diarrhea in adults, and can also be asymptomatic intestinal microbiota strains in children and adult. This comprehensive review analyzes the epidemiology and diagnosis and highlights recent progress which has improved the understanding of Afa/Dr DAEC pathogenesis. Here, I summarize the roles of Afa/Dr DAEC virulence factors, including Afa/Dr adhesins, flagella, Sat toxin, and pks island products, in the development of specific mechanisms of pathogenicity. In intestinal epithelial polarized cells, the Afa/Dr adhesins trigger cell membrane receptor clustering and activation of the linked cell signaling pathways, promote structural and functional cell lesions and injuries in intestinal barrier, induce proinflammatory responses, create angiogenesis, instigate epithelial-mesenchymal transition-like events, and lead to pks-dependent DNA damage. UTI-associated Afa/Dr DAEC strains, following adhesin-membrane receptor cell interactions and activation of associated lipid raft-dependent cell signaling pathways, internalize in a microtubule-dependent manner within urinary tract epithelial cells, develop a particular intracellular lifestyle, and trigger a toxin-dependent cell detachment. In response to Afa/Dr DAEC infection, the host epithelial cells generate antibacterial defense responses. Finally, I discuss a hypothetical role of intestinal Afa/Dr DAEC strains that can act as "silent pathogens" with the capacity to emerge as "pathobionts" for the development of inflammatory bowel disease and intestinal carcinogenesis.
Collapse
|
8
|
Croxen MA, Law RJ, Scholz R, Keeney KM, Wlodarska M, Finlay BB. Recent advances in understanding enteric pathogenic Escherichia coli. Clin Microbiol Rev 2013; 26:822-80. [PMID: 24092857 PMCID: PMC3811233 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00022-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 831] [Impact Index Per Article: 75.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although Escherichia coli can be an innocuous resident of the gastrointestinal tract, it also has the pathogenic capacity to cause significant diarrheal and extraintestinal diseases. Pathogenic variants of E. coli (pathovars or pathotypes) cause much morbidity and mortality worldwide. Consequently, pathogenic E. coli is widely studied in humans, animals, food, and the environment. While there are many common features that these pathotypes employ to colonize the intestinal mucosa and cause disease, the course, onset, and complications vary significantly. Outbreaks are common in developed and developing countries, and they sometimes have fatal consequences. Many of these pathotypes are a major public health concern as they have low infectious doses and are transmitted through ubiquitous mediums, including food and water. The seriousness of pathogenic E. coli is exemplified by dedicated national and international surveillance programs that monitor and track outbreaks; unfortunately, this surveillance is often lacking in developing countries. While not all pathotypes carry the same public health profile, they all carry an enormous potential to cause disease and continue to present challenges to human health. This comprehensive review highlights recent advances in our understanding of the intestinal pathotypes of E. coli.
Collapse
|
9
|
Real-time multiplex PCR assay and melting curve analysis for identifying diarrheagenic Escherichia coli. J Clin Microbiol 2013; 51:1031-3. [PMID: 23303494 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.02478-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
A real-time multiplex PCR assay was designed to amplify the virulence genes eae, pEAF, aatA, daaC, elt, est, ipaH, stx(1), and stx(2) for the detection of all diarrheagenic Escherichia coli pathotypes. This assay proved to be more sensitive and rapid than a conventional multiplex PCR for diarrheagenic E. coli isolates from children with diarrhea.
Collapse
|
10
|
Association of antibiotic resistance in agricultural Escherichia coli isolates with attachment to quartz. Appl Environ Microbiol 2011; 77:6945-53. [PMID: 21821756 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00717-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Surface water can be contaminated by bacteria from various sources, including manure from agricultural facilities. Attachment of these bacteria to soil and organic particles contributes to their transport through the environment, though the mechanism of attachment is unknown. As bacterial attachment to human tissues is known to be correlated with antibiotic resistance, we have investigated here the relationship between bacterial attachment to environmental particles and antibiotic resistance in agricultural isolates. We evaluated 203 Escherichia coli isolates collected from swine facilities for attachment to quartz, resistance to 13 antibiotics, and the presence of genes encoding 13 attachment factors. The genes encoding type I, EcpA, P pili, and Ag43 were detected, though none was significantly related to attachment. Quartz attachment was positively and significantly (P < 0.0038) related to combined resistance to amoxicillin/streptomycin/tetracycline/sulfamethazine/tylosin/chlortetracycline and negatively and significantly (P < 0.0038) related to combined resistance to nalidixic acid/kanamycin/neomycin. These results provide clear evidence for a link between antibiotic resistance and attachment to quartz in agricultural isolates. We propose that this may be due to encoding by the responsible genes on a mobile genetic element. Further exploration of the relationship between antibiotic resistance and attachment to environmental particles will improve the understanding and modeling of environmental transport processes, with the goal of preventing human exposure to antibiotic-resistant or virulent microorganisms.
Collapse
|
11
|
Pérez C, Gómez-Duarte OG, Arias ML. Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli in children from Costa Rica. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2010; 83:292-7. [PMID: 20682870 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.2010.09-0412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
More than 5,000 diarrheal cases per year receive medical care at the National Children's Hospital of Costa Rica, and nearly 5% of them require hospitalization. A total of 173 Escherichia coli strains isolated from children with diarrhea were characterized at the molecular, serologic, and phenotypic level. Multiplex and duplex polymerase chain reactions were used to detect the six categories of diarrheagenic E. coli. Thirty percent (n = 52) of the strains were positive, indicating a high prevalence among the pediatric population. Enteropathogenic E. coli and enteroinvasive E. coli pathotypes were the most prevalent (21% and 19%, respectively). Pathogenic strains were distributed among the four E. coli phylogenetic groups A, B1, B2, and D, with groups A and B1 the most commonly found. This study used molecular typing to evaluate the prevalence of diarrheagenic E. coli reported in Costa Rica and demonstrated the importance of these pathotypes in the pediatric population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Pérez
- Laboratorio Clínico Hospital Nacional de Niños Dr. Carlos Sáenz Herrera, San José, Costa Rica.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ochoa TJ, Ruiz J, Molina M, del Valle LJ, O MV, Gil AI, Ecker L, Barletta F, Hall ER, Cleary TG, Lanata CF. High frequency of antimicrobial drug resistance of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli in infants in Peru. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2009; 81:296-301. [PMID: 19635887 PMCID: PMC2824507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In a prospective passive diarrhea surveillance cohort study of 1,034 infants of low socioeconomic communities in Lima, Peru, we determined the prevalence and antimicrobial drug susceptibility of the diarrheagenic Escherichia coli . The prevalence of diarrheagenic E. coli was 29% (161 of 557) in children with gastroenteritis and 30% (58 of 195) in the control group without diarrhea. The most common E. coli pathogens in diarrhea were enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC) (14%), enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) (7%), diffusely adherent E. coli (DAEC) (4%), and enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) (4%). Diarrheagenic E. coli as a group exhibited high levels of antimicrobial drug resistance in diarrheal cases to ampicillin (85%), cotrimoxazole (79%), tetracycline (65%), and nalidixic acid (28%). Among individual E. coli groups in patients with diarrhea, DAEC and EAEC exhibited significant higher frequencies of resistance to ampicillin, cotrimoxazole, tetracycline and nalidixic acid than EPEC and ETEC. Antimicrobial drug resistance to ampicillin and cotrimoxazole were more frequent in E. coli isolated from diarrheal samples than controls, which reflected greater antibiotic exposure in patients with gastroenteritis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Theresa J. Ochoa
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical “Alexander von Humboldt”, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Av. Honorio Delgado 430, San Martin de Porras, Lima 31, Perú, Phone 51-1-482-3910, Fax: 51-1-482-3404
| | - Joaquím Ruiz
- Centre de Recerca en Salut Internacional de Barcelona (CRESIB), C/Rosselló 132, 4. 08036, Barcelona, Spain, Phone: +34932275400 ext 3388, Fax: +34932279853
| | - Margarita Molina
- Instituto de Investigación Nutricional, Av. La Molina 1885, La Molina, Lima 12, Perú, Phone: (+51-1) 349-6023, Fax: +51-1-349-6025
| | - Luis J. del Valle
- Departament d’Enginyeria Agroalimentària i Biotecnologia (DEAB), Escola Superior d’Agricultura de Barcelona (ESAB), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), Av. Canal Olímpic 15, 08860 Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain, Phone:. +0034-935521229, Fax +0034-935521001
| | - Martha Vargas O
- Hospital Clinic de Barcelona Villarroel 179, 08036 Barcelona, Spain, Phone: +0034-93 227 54 00- Ext2424, Fax: +0034-93 227 57 83
| | - Ana I Gil
- Instituto de Investigacion Nutricional Av. La Molina 1885, La Molina, Lima12, Perú, Phone: (+51-1) 349-6023 or 349-6024 Fax: +51-1-349-6025
| | - Lucie Ecker
- Instituto de Investigacion Nutricional Av. La Molina 1885, La Molina, Lima 12, Perú, Phone: (+51-1) 349-6023 or 349-6024 Fax: +51-1-349-6025
| | - Francesca Barletta
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical “Alexander von Humboldt”, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Av. Honorio Delgado 430, San Martin de Porras, Lima 31, Perú, Phone 51-1-482-3910, Fax: 51-1-482-3404
| | - Eric R. Hall
- Director for Administration, Public Affairs Officer, Naval Medical Research Center, 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, MD, 20910-7500, Phone: 301-319-7581, Fax: 240-478-8769
| | - Thomas G. Cleary
- Center for Infectious Diseases, University of Texas School of Public Health, P.O. Box 20186, Houston, TX 77225, Phone: 713 702 2860, Fax: 713-500-9359
| | - Claudio F. Lanata
- Instituto de Investigación Nutricional, Av. La Molina 1885, La Molina, Lima12, Perú, Telf: (+51-1) 349-6023, Fax: (+51-1) 349-6025
| |
Collapse
|