1
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Liang X, Qi X, Yang J, Wang X, Qin H, Hu F, Bai H, Li Y, Zhang C, Shi B. Lipid alternations in the plasma of COVID-19 patients with various clinical presentations. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1221493. [PMID: 37705971 PMCID: PMC10495680 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1221493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background COVID-19 is a highly infectious respiratory disease that can manifest in various clinical presentations. Although many studies have reported the lipidomic signature of COVID-19, the molecular changes in asymptomatic severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-infected individuals remain elusive. Methods This study combined a comprehensive lipidomic analysis of 220 plasma samples from 166 subjects: 62 healthy controls, 16 asymptomatic infections, and 88 COVID-19 patients. We quantified 732 lipids separately in this cohort. We performed a difference analysis, validated with machine learning models, and also performed GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis using differential lipids from different control groups. Results We found 175 differentially expressed lipids associated with SASR-CoV-2 infection, disease severity, and viral persistence in patients with COVID-19. PC (O-20:1/20:1), PC (O-20:1/20:0), and PC (O-18:0/18:1) better distinguished asymptomatic infected individuals from normal individuals. Furthermore, some patients tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid by RT-PCR but did not become negative for a longer period of time (≥60 days, designated here as long-term nucleic acid test positive, LTNP), whereas other patients became negative for viral nucleic acid in a shorter period of time (≤45 days, designated as short-term nucleic acid test positive, STNP). We have found that TG (14:1/14:1/18:2) and FFA (4:0) were differentially expressed in LTNP and STNP. Conclusion In summary, the integration of lipid information can help us discover novel biomarkers to identify asymptomatic individuals and further deepen our understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Liang
- Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Precision Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xin Qi
- Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Precision Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jin Yang
- Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Precision Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xiaorui Wang
- Precision Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Hongyu Qin
- Precision Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Fang Hu
- Precision Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Han Bai
- The MED-X Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yixin Li
- Precision Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- The MED-X Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Chengsheng Zhang
- The MED-X Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, United States
| | - Bingyin Shi
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
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2
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Healthspan Extension through Innovative Genetic Medicines. Plast Reconstr Surg 2022; 150:49S-57S. [PMID: 36170436 PMCID: PMC9512234 DOI: 10.1097/prs.0000000000009674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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3
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Clarkin RG, Del Papa J, Poulin KL, Parks RJ. The genome position of a therapeutic transgene strongly influences the level of expression in an armed oncolytic human adenovirus vector. Virology 2021; 561:87-97. [PMID: 34171766 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2021.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Efficacy of oncolytic, conditionally-replicating adenovirus (CRAd) vectors can be enhanced by "arming" the vector with therapeutic transgenes. We examined whether inclusion of an intact early region 3 (E3) and the reptilian reovirus fusogenic p14 fusion-associated small transmembrane (FAST) protein enhanced vector efficacy. The p14 FAST transgene was cloned between the fiber gene and E4 region, with an upstream splice acceptor for replication-dependent expression from the major late promoter. In A549 cells, this vector expressed p14 FAST protein at very low levels, and showed a poor ability to mediate cell-cell fusion, relative to a similar vector encoding p14 FAST within the E3 deletion. Although expression of E3 proteins from the CRAd increased plaque size, poor expression of p14 FAST protein compromised the fusogenic capacity of the vector. Thus, location of a therapeutic transgene within a CRAd can significantly impact expression of the transgene and is an important consideration in vector design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan G Clarkin
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Joshua Del Papa
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Kathy L Poulin
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - Robin J Parks
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada; Centre for Neuromuscular Disease, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada.
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4
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Golani G, Leikina E, Melikov K, Whitlock JM, Gamage DG, Luoma-Overstreet G, Millay DP, Kozlov MM, Chernomordik LV. Myomerger promotes fusion pore by elastic coupling between proximal membrane leaflets and hemifusion diaphragm. Nat Commun 2021; 12:495. [PMID: 33479215 PMCID: PMC7820291 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20804-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Myomerger is a muscle-specific membrane protein involved in formation of multinucleated muscle cells by mediating the transition from the early hemifusion stage to complete fusion. Here, we considered the physical mechanism of the Myomerger action based on the hypothesis that Myomerger shifts the spontaneous curvature of the outer membrane leaflets to more positive values. We predicted, theoretically, that Myomerger generates the outer leaflet elastic stresses, which propagate into the hemifusion diaphragm and accelerate the fusion pore formation. We showed that Myomerger ectodomain indeed generates positive spontaneous curvature of lipid monolayers. We substantiated the mechanism by experiments on myoblast fusion and influenza hemagglutinin-mediated cell fusion. In both processes, the effects of Myomerger ectodomain were strikingly similar to those of lysophosphatidylcholine known to generate a positive spontaneous curvature of lipid monolayers. The control of post-hemifusion stages by shifting the spontaneous curvature of proximal membrane monolayers may be utilized in diverse fusion processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonen Golani
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Evgenia Leikina
- Section on Membrane Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Kamran Melikov
- Section on Membrane Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Jarred M Whitlock
- Section on Membrane Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Dilani G Gamage
- Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Gracia Luoma-Overstreet
- Section on Membrane Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Douglas P Millay
- Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Michael M Kozlov
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel.
| | - Leonid V Chernomordik
- Section on Membrane Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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5
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Ngassam VN, Su WC, Gettel DL, Deng Y, Yang Z, Wang-Tomic N, Sharma VP, Purushothaman S, Parikh AN. Recurrent dynamics of rupture transitions of giant lipid vesicles at solid surfaces. Biophys J 2021; 120:586-597. [PMID: 33460597 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2021.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Single giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) rupture spontaneously from their salt-laden suspension onto solid surfaces. At hydrophobic surfaces, the GUVs rupture via a recurrent, bouncing ball rhythm. During each contact, the GUVs, rendered tense by the substrate interactions, porate, and spread a molecularly transformed motif of a monomolecular layer on the hydrophobic surface from the point of contact in a symmetric manner. The competition from pore closure, however, limits the spreading and produces a daughter vesicle, which re-engages with the substrate. At solid hydrophilic surfaces, by contrast, GUVs rupture via a distinctly different recurrent burst-heal dynamics; during burst, single pores nucleate at the contact boundary of the adhering vesicles, facilitating asymmetric spreading and producing a "heart"-shaped membrane patch. During the healing phase, the competing pore closure produces a daughter vesicle. In both cases, the pattern of burst-reseal events repeats multiple times, splashing and spreading the vesicular fragments as bilayer patches at the solid surface in a pulsatory manner. These remarkable recurrent dynamics arise, not because of the elastic properties of the solid surface, but because the competition between membrane spreading and pore healing, prompted by the surface-energy-dependent adhesion, determine the course of the topological transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviane N Ngassam
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Wan-Chih Su
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Douglas L Gettel
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Yawen Deng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Zexu Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Neven Wang-Tomic
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Varun P Sharma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Sowmya Purushothaman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Atul N Parikh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, California; Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Davis, California; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Davis, California.
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6
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Del Papa J, Clarkin RG, Parks RJ. Use of cell fusion proteins to enhance adenoviral vector efficacy as an anti-cancer therapeutic. Cancer Gene Ther 2020; 28:745-756. [DOI: 10.1038/s41417-020-0192-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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7
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Kanai Y, Kawagishi T, Sakai Y, Nouda R, Shimojima M, Saijo M, Matsuura Y, Kobayashi T. Cell-cell fusion induced by reovirus FAST proteins enhances replication and pathogenicity of non-enveloped dsRNA viruses. PLoS Pathog 2019; 15:e1007675. [PMID: 31022290 PMCID: PMC6504114 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusogenic reoviruses encode fusion-associated small transmembrane (FAST) protein, which induces cell-cell fusion. FAST protein is the only known fusogenic protein in non-enveloped viruses, and its role in virus replication is not yet known. We generated replication-competent, FAST protein-deficient pteropine orthoreovirus and demonstrated that FAST protein was not essential for viral replication, but enhanced viral replication in the early phase of infection. Addition of recombinant FAST protein enhanced replication of FAST-deficient virus and other non-fusogenic viruses in a fusion-dependent and FAST-species-independent manner. In a mouse model, replication and pathogenicity of FAST-deficient virus were severely impaired relative to wild-type virus, indicating that FAST protein is a major determinant of the high pathogenicity of fusogenic reovirus. FAST-deficient virus also conferred effective protection against challenge with lethal homologous virus strains in mice. Our results demonstrate a novel role of a viral fusogenic protein and the existence of a cell-cell fusion-dependent replication system in non-enveloped viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Kanai
- Department of Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kawagishi
- Department of Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yusuke Sakai
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Ryotaro Nouda
- Department of Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masayuki Shimojima
- Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayuki Saijo
- Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Matsuura
- Department of Molecular Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kobayashi
- Department of Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- * E-mail:
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8
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Yan B, Chu H, Yang D, Sze KH, Lai PM, Yuan S, Shuai H, Wang Y, Kao RYT, Chan JFW, Yuen KY. Characterization of the Lipidomic Profile of Human Coronavirus-Infected Cells: Implications for Lipid Metabolism Remodeling upon Coronavirus Replication. Viruses 2019; 11:v11010073. [PMID: 30654597 PMCID: PMC6357182 DOI: 10.3390/v11010073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipids play numerous indispensable cellular functions and are involved in multiple steps in the replication cycle of viruses. Infections by human-pathogenic coronaviruses result in diverse clinical outcomes, ranging from self-limiting flu-like symptoms to severe pneumonia with extrapulmonary manifestations. Understanding how cellular lipids may modulate the pathogenicity of human-pathogenic coronaviruses remains poor. To this end, we utilized the human coronavirus 229E (HCoV-229E) as a model coronavirus to comprehensively characterize the host cell lipid response upon coronavirus infection with an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC–MS)-based lipidomics approach. Our results revealed that glycerophospholipids and fatty acids (FAs) were significantly elevated in the HCoV-229E-infected cells and the linoleic acid (LA) to arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism axis was markedly perturbed upon HCoV-229E infection. Interestingly, exogenous supplement of LA or AA in HCoV-229E-infected cells significantly suppressed HCoV-229E virus replication. Importantly, the inhibitory effect of LA and AA on virus replication was also conserved for the highly pathogenic Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). Taken together, our study demonstrated that host lipid metabolic remodeling was significantly associated with human-pathogenic coronavirus propagation. Our data further suggested that lipid metabolism regulation would be a common and druggable target for coronavirus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingpeng Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
| | - Hin Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
| | - Dong Yang
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
| | - Kong-Hung Sze
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
| | - Pok-Man Lai
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
| | - Shuofeng Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
| | - Huiping Shuai
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
| | - Yixin Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
| | - Richard Yi-Tsun Kao
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
| | - Jasper Fuk-Woo Chan
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
- Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
- Hainan-Medical University-The University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Tropical Infectious Diseases, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 96708, China.
| | - Kwok-Yung Yuen
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
- Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
- Hainan-Medical University-The University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Tropical Infectious Diseases, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 96708, China.
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
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9
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Sugden S, Cohen ÉA. Attacking the Supply Lines: HIV-1 Restricts Alanine Uptake to Prevent T Cell Activation. Cell Host Microbe 2016; 18:514-7. [PMID: 26567503 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2015.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
HIV commonly escapes host antiviral immunity by downregulating cell-surface immunoreceptors. In a recent issue of Cell Host & Microbe, Matheson et al. (2015) systematically examined how HIV-1 infection remodels the T cell surface and identified serine carriers SERINC3/5 and alanine transporter SNAT1 as targets of HIV-1 Nef and Vpu, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Sugden
- Laboratory of Human Retrovirology, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Éric A Cohen
- Laboratory of Human Retrovirology, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada; Department of Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada.
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10
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Adenovirus-Mediated Expression of the p14 Fusion-Associated Small Transmembrane Protein Promotes Cancer Cell Fusion and Apoptosis In Vitro but Does Not Provide Therapeutic Efficacy in a Xenograft Mouse Model of Cancer. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0151516. [PMID: 26986751 PMCID: PMC4795661 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenoviruses (Ads) are used in numerous preclinical and clinical studies for delivery of anti-cancer therapeutic genes. Unfortunately, Ad has a poor ability to distribute throughout a tumor mass after intratumoral injection, and infects cells primarily within the immediate area of the injection tract. Thus, Ad-encoded transgene expression is typically limited to only a small percentage of cells within the tumor. One method to increase the proportion of the tumor impacted by Ad is through expression of fusogenic proteins. Infection of a single cell with an Ad vector encoding a fusogenic protein should lead to syncytium formation with adjacent cells, effectively spreading the effect of Ad and Ad-encoded therapeutic transgenes to a greater percentage of the tumor mass. Moreover, syncytium formation can be cytotoxic, suggesting that such proteins may be effective sole therapeutics. We show that an early region 1 (E1)-deleted Ad expressing reptilian reovirus p14 fusion-associated small transmembrane (FAST) protein caused extensive cell fusion in the replication-permissive 293 cell line and at high multiplicity of infection in non-permissive human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells in vitro. FAST protein expression in the A549 cancer cell line led to a loss of cellular metabolic activity and membrane integrity, which correlated with induction of apoptosis. However, in an A549 xenograft CD-1 nude mouse cancer model, Ad-mediated FAST gene delivery did not induce detectable cell fusion, reduce tumor burden nor enhance mouse survival compared to controls. Taken together, our results show that, although AdFAST can enhance cancer cell killing in vitro, it is not effective as a sole therapeutic in the A549 tumor model in vivo.
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11
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HIV-1 Nef promotes infection by excluding SERINC5 from virion incorporation. Nature 2015; 526:212-7. [PMID: 26416734 DOI: 10.1038/nature15399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 319] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
HIV-1 Nef, a protein important for the development of AIDS, has well-characterized effects on host membrane trafficking and receptor downregulation. By an unidentified mechanism, Nef increases the intrinsic infectivity of HIV-1 virions in a host-cell-dependent manner. Here we identify the host transmembrane protein SERINC5, and to a lesser extent SERINC3, as a potent inhibitor of HIV-1 particle infectivity that is counteracted by Nef. SERINC5 localizes to the plasma membrane, where it is efficiently incorporated into budding HIV-1 virions and impairs subsequent virion penetration of susceptible target cells. Nef redirects SERINC5 to a Rab7-positive endosomal compartment and thereby excludes it from HIV-1 particles. The ability to counteract SERINC5 was conserved in Nef encoded by diverse primate immunodeficiency viruses, as well as in the structurally unrelated glycosylated Gag from murine leukaemia virus. These examples of functional conservation and convergent evolution emphasize the fundamental importance of SERINC5 as a potent anti-retroviral factor.
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12
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Blondelle J, Ohno Y, Gache V, Guyot S, Storck S, Blanchard-Gutton N, Barthélémy I, Walmsley G, Rahier A, Gadin S, Maurer M, Guillaud L, Prola A, Ferry A, Aubin-Houzelstein G, Demarquoy J, Relaix F, Piercy RJ, Blot S, Kihara A, Tiret L, Pilot-Storck F. HACD1, a regulator of membrane composition and fluidity, promotes myoblast fusion and skeletal muscle growth. J Mol Cell Biol 2015; 7:429-40. [PMID: 26160855 PMCID: PMC4589950 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjv049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The reduced diameter of skeletal myofibres is a hallmark of several congenital myopathies, yet the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms remain elusive. In this study, we investigate the role of HACD1/PTPLA, which is involved in the elongation of the very long chain fatty acids, in muscle fibre formation. In humans and dogs, HACD1 deficiency leads to a congenital myopathy with fibre size disproportion associated with a generalized muscle weakness. Through analysis of HACD1-deficient Labradors, Hacd1-knockout mice, and Hacd1-deficient myoblasts, we provide evidence that HACD1 promotes myoblast fusion during muscle development and regeneration. We further demonstrate that in normal differentiating myoblasts, expression of the catalytically active HACD1 isoform, which is encoded by a muscle-enriched splice variant, yields decreased lysophosphatidylcholine content, a potent inhibitor of myoblast fusion, and increased concentrations of ≥C18 and monounsaturated fatty acids of phospholipids. These lipid modifications correlate with a reduction in plasma membrane rigidity. In conclusion, we propose that fusion impairment constitutes a novel, non-exclusive pathological mechanism operating in congenital myopathies and reveal that HACD1 is a key regulator of a lipid-dependent muscle fibre growth mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Blondelle
- Inserm, IMRB U955-E10, 94000 Créteil, France Université Paris-Est, Ecole nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (EnvA), 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France Université Paris-Est Créteil, Faculté de médecine, 94000 Créteil, France
| | - Yusuke Ohno
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Vincent Gache
- Inserm, IMRB U955-E10, 94000 Créteil, France Université Paris-Est, Ecole nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (EnvA), 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France Université Paris-Est Créteil, Faculté de médecine, 94000 Créteil, France
| | - Stéphane Guyot
- Université de Bourgogne, UMR A 02.102 PAM-EPMB, AgroSup Dijon, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Sébastien Storck
- Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, INSERM U1151-CNRS UMR 8253, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de Médecine-Site Broussais, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Blanchard-Gutton
- Inserm, IMRB U955-E10, 94000 Créteil, France Université Paris-Est, Ecole nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (EnvA), 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France Université Paris-Est Créteil, Faculté de médecine, 94000 Créteil, France
| | - Inès Barthélémy
- Inserm, IMRB U955-E10, 94000 Créteil, France Université Paris-Est, Ecole nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (EnvA), 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France Université Paris-Est Créteil, Faculté de médecine, 94000 Créteil, France
| | - Gemma Walmsley
- Comparative Neuromuscular Disease Laboratory, Department of Clinical Sciences and Services, Royal Veterinary College, London NW1 0TU, UK
| | - Anaëlle Rahier
- Inserm, IMRB U955-E10, 94000 Créteil, France Université Paris-Est, Ecole nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (EnvA), 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France Université Paris-Est Créteil, Faculté de médecine, 94000 Créteil, France
| | - Stéphanie Gadin
- Inserm, IMRB U955-E10, 94000 Créteil, France Université Paris-Est, Ecole nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (EnvA), 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France Université Paris-Est Créteil, Faculté de médecine, 94000 Créteil, France
| | - Marie Maurer
- Inserm, IMRB U955-E10, 94000 Créteil, France Université Paris-Est, Ecole nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (EnvA), 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France Université Paris-Est Créteil, Faculté de médecine, 94000 Créteil, France
| | - Laurent Guillaud
- Inserm, IMRB U955-E10, 94000 Créteil, France Université Paris-Est, Ecole nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (EnvA), 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France Université Paris-Est Créteil, Faculté de médecine, 94000 Créteil, France
| | - Alexandre Prola
- Inserm, IMRB U955-E10, 94000 Créteil, France Université Paris-Est, Ecole nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (EnvA), 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France Université Paris-Est Créteil, Faculté de médecine, 94000 Créteil, France
| | - Arnaud Ferry
- Thérapie des maladies du muscle strié INSERM U974 - CNRS UMR7215 - UPMC UM76 - Institut de Myologie, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Université Paris Descartes, 75000 Paris, France
| | - Geneviève Aubin-Houzelstein
- Inserm, IMRB U955-E10, 94000 Créteil, France Université Paris-Est, Ecole nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (EnvA), 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France Université Paris-Est Créteil, Faculté de médecine, 94000 Créteil, France
| | - Jean Demarquoy
- Université de Bourgogne, Faculté des Sciences Gabriel, Bio-PeroxIL, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Frédéric Relaix
- Inserm, IMRB U955-E10, 94000 Créteil, France Université Paris-Est, Ecole nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (EnvA), 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France Université Paris-Est Créteil, Faculté de médecine, 94000 Créteil, France
| | - Richard J Piercy
- Comparative Neuromuscular Disease Laboratory, Department of Clinical Sciences and Services, Royal Veterinary College, London NW1 0TU, UK
| | - Stéphane Blot
- Inserm, IMRB U955-E10, 94000 Créteil, France Université Paris-Est, Ecole nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (EnvA), 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France Université Paris-Est Créteil, Faculté de médecine, 94000 Créteil, France
| | - Akio Kihara
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Laurent Tiret
- Inserm, IMRB U955-E10, 94000 Créteil, France Université Paris-Est, Ecole nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (EnvA), 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France Université Paris-Est Créteil, Faculté de médecine, 94000 Créteil, France
| | - Fanny Pilot-Storck
- Inserm, IMRB U955-E10, 94000 Créteil, France Université Paris-Est, Ecole nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (EnvA), 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France Université Paris-Est Créteil, Faculté de médecine, 94000 Créteil, France
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Abstract
Effective antivirals have been developed against specific viruses, such as HIV, Hepatitis C virus and influenza virus. This 'one bug-one drug' approach to antiviral drug development can be successful, but it may be inadequate for responding to an increasing diversity of viruses that cause significant diseases in humans. The majority of viral pathogens that cause emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases are membrane-enveloped viruses, which require the fusion of viral and cell membranes for virus entry. Therefore, antivirals that target the membrane fusion process represent new paradigms for broad-spectrum antiviral discovery. In this Review, we discuss the mechanisms responsible for the fusion between virus and cell membranes and explore how broad-spectrum antivirals target this process to prevent virus entry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederic Vigant
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, #1124, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Nuno C Santos
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Benhur Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, #1124, New York, New York 10029, USA
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14
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Ciechonska M, Duncan R. Reovirus FAST proteins: virus-encoded cellular fusogens. Trends Microbiol 2014; 22:715-24. [PMID: 25245455 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2014.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Revised: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Reovirus fusion-associated small transmembrane (FAST) proteins are the only known nonenveloped virus fusogens and are dedicated to inducing cell-to-cell, not virus-cell, membrane fusion. Numerous structural and functional attributes distinguish this novel family of viral fusogens from all enveloped virus membrane fusion proteins. Both families of viral fusogens play key roles in virus dissemination and pathogenicity, but employ different mechanisms to mediate membrane apposition and merger. However, convergence of these distinct families of viral membrane fusion proteins on common pathways needed for pore expansion and syncytium formation suggests syncytiogenesis represents a cellular response to the presence of cell-cell fusion pores. Together, FAST proteins and enveloped virus fusion proteins provide exceptional insights into the ubiquitous process of cell-cell membrane fusion and syncytium formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Ciechonska
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Roy Duncan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4R2, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4R2, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4R2, Canada.
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